环境影响的实验研究:叶性状的少年Fagus sylvatica,宏碁pseudoplatanus,鹅耳枥与成熟的树木的叶子上的树冠</tgydF4y2Baitle> <link href="//www.newsama.com/static/themes/hindawi/base.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://static-01.hindawi.com/next_assets/IQyEAurKlbWLJ7u7ASizn/static/lib/basictable.css" rel="stylesheet" media="none" class="next-head"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://static-01.hindawi.com/next_assets/IQyEAurKlbWLJ7u7ASizn/static/lib/owl.carousel.min.css" media="none" class="next-head"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://static-01.hindawi.com/next_assets/IQyEAurKlbWLJ7u7ASizn/static/lib/owl.theme.default.min.css" media="none" class="next-head"> <link rel="preload" type="text/css" href="https://cdn.bibblio.org/rcm/4.24/bib-related-content.min.css" as="style" class="next-head"> <link rel="preload" type="text/css" href="https://cdn.bibblio.org/rcm/4.24/bib-related-content.min.css" as="style" class="next-head"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://static-01.hindawi.com/next_assets/IQyEAurKlbWLJ7u7ASizn/_next/static/css/common.25ac259b.chunk.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://static-01.hindawi.com/next_assets/IQyEAurKlbWLJ7u7ASizn/_next/static/css/static/IQyEAurKlbWLJ7u7ASizn/pages/journal_article.js.cb2a7c06.chunk.css"> <style data-styled="NQpXC gnduKR jzXSTA bNmdOy epRoim bUhGXt gjctdt jGJLow kAzjOl ivbKJD fopjOz hbVEoI khbeDd gvAGTV kNoiZu diutvq bqeMOy bMdQcY ldSkVQ cmzomn bomGMi kuxTps prcY bJcSpM hdSPnx fTkdCR dDYYdJ EwsTm hYnXNL hGCBfz dfaOeH jOLhQl iiusBg TsaZF cqhPZs gaRePw dEfJbW eBepOs fSPaCp bVEEaH etauus ctePXh gCIfTO hHKuAX dIjoCg jUTgTa eujois cQgXqt ewCAZX kdvWPs hAFFGk lkWWFY ehYbwJ legory epgILe kCfRMJ bjwAQR byflLi jXeALb UVThf dDyxFF fkVFlF dzZrgS jLUVhb dVCLgr bBmZJZ ewHMLz bbzREB jknsZc eSvjPB jntdRu hAzjHP mBGSe bkiEfx ztvYg cUsFHx duuwge lcOiDF gsmOCv kPshFw gbcGIy jZOxOO eHMFfo XkrFe irNWJI iQSObO dMuGGA kfDwZY evMkvU fYrLtk fjviok hgKieC cIribm khHUcu bfymXb dbAANp eyHfWh cBTaXT becpDt bvnCfh jzTMLK gbrQxi hRnXob hymroZ cbcyj hmDWcT isgRZA ihmyEq itFKcQ cGuwDn jrsDZP gWTCXQ jGPvPL etzuBr gWgCNb WHkfb ibWUzs kdRRST cHatnS kxdGAZ jHPgUP fXBKFa hNPrIr bnbfTS cYsVdk inBNwS dkutRV hlGpbO filPdg ecHxGW gCiATD eEFYIL dsXEHZ iXKuYd" data-styled-version="4.4.1"> /* sc-component-id: sc-bdVaJa */ .EwsTm{height:200vh;width:100%;position:fixed;z-index:1;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.8);} .EwsTm.isHide{display:none;} @media (min-width:768px) and (max-width:991px){} @media (min-width:992px){.EwsTm{display:none;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-htpNat */ .bUhGXt{color:black;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;border-radius:5px;font-size:16px;} .bUhGXt:focus-visible{outline-width:3px;outline-color:#8fc9ff;outline-style:solid;} /* sc-component-id: sc-bxivhb */ .ivbKJD{display:inline-block;} /* sc-component-id: sc-ifAKCX */ .fopjOz{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;-webkit-flex:wrap;-ms-flex:wrap;flex:wrap;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;list-style-type:none;margin:0;padding:0;} .fopjOz li{padding:0 10px;} .fopjOz li a{padding:0;} .fopjOz a{-webkit-transition:border .25s ease-in-out 0s;transition:border .25s ease-in-out 0s;border-bottom:2px solid #fff;border-radius:0;} .fopjOz a:hover{border-bottom:2px solid #9b9b9b;padding-bottom:4px;} .fopjOz .active{border-bottom:2px solid #57a61e;} /* sc-component-id: sc-EHOje */ .jOLhQl{vertical-align:middle;height:24px;}.iiusBg{vertical-align:middle;height:16px;}.TsaZF{vertical-align:middle;height:40px;} /* sc-component-id: sc-bZQynM */ .bNmdOy{max-width:1440px;margin:0 auto;width:100%;} /* sc-component-id: sc-htoDjs */ .khbeDd{vertical-align:middle;font-size:24px;}.gvAGTV{vertical-align:middle;font-size:9px;}.kNoiZu{vertical-align:middle;font-size:16px;}.diutvq{vertical-align:middle;font-size:22px;}.bqeMOy{vertical-align:middle;font-size:20px;}.bMdQcY{vertical-align:middle;font-size:11px;} /* sc-component-id: sc-fjdhpX */ .jzXSTA{position:fixed;top:0;left:0;right:0;z-index:1000;background:#fff;height:70px;font-size:16px;font-weight:500;border-bottom:1px solid #e3e3e3;-webkit-transition:all 0.5s;transition:all 0.5s;} @media (max-width:991px){.jzXSTA{border-bottom:1px solid #e3e3e3;}} @media (max-width:767px){.jzXSTA{margin-bottom:70px;height:60px;}} .jzXSTA .header__padding{padding:0 20px;box-sizing:border-box;} @media (max-width:991px){.jzXSTA .header__padding{padding:0 0 0 20px;}} .jzXSTA .menu{position:fixed;top:60px;right:0;width:100%;background:white;} @media (max-width:991px){.jzXSTA .menu{z-index:2;}} @media (min-width:768px){.jzXSTA .menu{width:500px;top:70px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.jzXSTA .menu{display:none;}} .jzXSTA .menu ul{list-style-type:none;text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;} @media (min-width:768px){.jzXSTA .menu ul{padding:0;border-left:1px solid #e3e3e3;}} .jzXSTA .menu ul li a{color:#4a4a4a;padding:10px;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:block;border-bottom:1px solid #e3e3e3;} .jzXSTA .menu .button_wrap{width:90%;margin:10px auto;border-radius:5px;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;} @media (min-width:768px){.jzXSTA .menu .button_wrap{display:none;}} .jzXSTA .menu .button__publishing{background-color:#6ba439;color:#fff;border-color:#6ba439;} .jzXSTA .menu .button__login{display:none;background-color:#fff;color:#4D8A17;border-color:#e3e3e3;} .jzXSTA.headerUp{-webkit-transform:translateY(-100%);-ms-transform:translateY(-100%);transform:translateY(-100%);} /* sc-component-id: sc-jzJRlG */ .jGJLow{-webkit-box-pack:end;-webkit-justify-content:flex-end;-ms-flex-pack:end;justify-content:flex-end;} .jGJLow a{padding:10px;} .jGJLow nav{-webkit-align-self:center;-ms-flex-item-align:center;align-self:center;} @media (max-width:991px){.jGJLow nav{display:none;}} .jGJLow nav ul{margin-right:16px;} .jGJLow nav ul li a{color:#4a4a4a;padding:10px 0px 4px;margin:0 6px;} @media (max-width:991px){.jGJLow .icon-themeable{border-left:1px solid #e3e3e3;padding:23px 20px;}} @media (max-width:767px){.jGJLow .icon-themeable{padding:18px 20px;}} @media (max-width:767.5px){.jGJLow.mobileButtonFlex{-ms-flex:0 0 51%;-webkit-flex:0 0 51%;-ms-flex:0 0 51%;flex:0 0 51%;max-width:51%;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-cSHVUG */ .ldSkVQ{display:none;padding:0;background-color:#fff;border:none;height:59px;} @media (min-width:768px){.ldSkVQ{height:69px;}} .ldSkVQ img{box-sizing:content-box;width:28px;padding:17px 20px;} @media (min-width:768px){.ldSkVQ img{padding:22px 20px;}} @media (max-width:991px){.ldSkVQ{display:inline-block;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-kAzzGY */ .epRoim a{display:inline-block;padding:15px 0;} @media (max-width:767px){.epRoim a{padding:10px 0;}} @media (max-width:767.5px){.epRoim.mobileLogoFlex{-ms-flex:0 0 49%;-webkit-flex:0 0 49%;-ms-flex:0 0 49%;flex:0 0 49%;max-width:49%;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-chPdSV */ .hbVEoI{border:none;height:50px;background-color:#fff;margin:10px 0 0 17px;position:relative;} @media (max-width:991.5px){.hbVEoI{margin:0 3px 0 16px;padding:0;height:69px;}} @media (max-width:767.5px){.hbVEoI{height:59px;}} .hbVEoI img{box-sizing:content-box;} .hbVEoI .icon__cross{width:24px;height:24px;} @media (min-width:768px){.hbVEoI .icon__cross{padding:23px 20px;}} @media (min-width:992px){.hbVEoI .icon__cross{padding:0px;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-ckVGcZ */ .gjctdt{vertical-align:middle;height:39px;} @media (max-width:401px){.gjctdt{max-width:100%;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-jKJlTe */ .inBNwS{background-color:#0d2934;font-size:16px;position:relative;z-index:3;} @media (max-width:991px){.inBNwS{z-index:0;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-eNQAEJ */ .dkutRV{border-bottom :1px solid;border-color:#828282;padding:29px 40px 30px 40px;} @media (min-width:992px){.dkutRV{padding:40px 40px 40px 35px;}} .dkutRV .primary__footer .mobile{display:block;} .dkutRV .primary__footer .desktop{display:none;} @media (min-width:992px){.dkutRV .primary__footer{-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;}.dkutRV .primary__footer .mobile{display:none;}.dkutRV .primary__footer .desktop{display:block;}} @media (min-width:992px){.dkutRV .col5{-webkit-flex:0 0 18%;-ms-flex:0 0 18%;flex:0 0 18%;max-width:18%;}} .dkutRV address{font-style:inherit;line-height:1.5;font-size:16px;display:none;border-right:1px solid #EBEBEB;} @media (max-width:767px){.dkutRV address{border-bottom:1px solid #E3E3E3;padding-bottom:20px;}} @media (min-width:992px){.dkutRV address{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;-webkit-box-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;margin-right:50px;}} @media (min-width:1200px){.dkutRV address{margin-right:70px;}} .dkutRV address p{margin:0;font-size:14px;} @media (max-width:767px){.dkutRV address p{text-align:center;}} @media (min-width:1200px){.dkutRV address p{font-size:16px;}} .dkutRV nav ul{list-style:none;padding:0;line-height:2;font-size:16px;margin:18px 0 0 0;} .dkutRV nav ul:first-child{margin:0;} @media (min-width:992px){.dkutRV nav ul{margin:0;}} .dkutRV nav ul li{line-height:22px;padding:5px;} .dkutRV nav ul li a{color:#d8d8d8;font-weight:500;display:block;font-size:16px;} .dkutRV nav ul li img{padding:2.5px 0 0 10px;box-sizing:content-box;-webkit-transform:rotate(180deg);-ms-transform:rotate(180deg);transform:rotate(180deg);} /* sc-component-id: sc-hMqMXs */ .hlGpbO{padding-top:6px;color:#FFFFFF;font-weight:500;margin-bottom:29px;} @media (min-width:992px){.hlGpbO{-webkit-flex:0 0 25%;-ms-flex:0 0 25%;flex:0 0 25%;max-width:-webkit-fit-content;max-width:-moz-fit-content;max-width:fit-content;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-kEYyzF */ .ecHxGW{margin-right:20px;} .ecHxGW:last-child{margin-right:0;} /* sc-component-id: sc-kkGfuU */ .filPdg{margin-top:15px;} /* sc-component-id: sc-iAyFgw */ .gCiATD{line-height:30px;font-size:11px;padding:10px 20px;text-align:center;} .gCiATD .textright{text-align:right;font-weight:500;} @media (max-width:767px){.gCiATD .textright{text-align:center;}} @media (min-width:992px){.gCiATD .textright{font-weight:100;}} .gCiATD a{font-size:13px;color:#fff;} /* sc-component-id: sc-hSdWYo */ .etauus{display:inline-block;background-color:#fff;color:#4D8A17;border-color:#E3E3E3;width:auto;border-radius:5px;font-size:16px;border-width:1px;border-style:solid;} .etauus:focus-visible{outline-width:3px;outline-color:#8fc9ff;outline-style:solid;} /* sc-component-id: sc-eHgmQL */ .fTkdCR{font-size:22px;color:#000;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.fTkdCR{font-size:24px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.fTkdCR{font-size:25px;}} .fTkdCR:after{content:'';display:inline-block;margin-top:0.2em;margin-left:0.5em;} /* sc-component-id: sc-iRbamj */ .jZOxOO{font-size:30px;font-weight:500;-webkit-letter-spacing:1px;-moz-letter-spacing:1px;-ms-letter-spacing:1px;letter-spacing:1px;line-height:1;margin-top:0;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.jZOxOO{font-size:40px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.jZOxOO{font-size:40px;}} .jZOxOO sup,.jZOxOO sub{vertical-align:baseline;position:relative;top:-10px;} .jZOxOO sub{top:10px;} /* sc-component-id: sc-Rmtcm */ .hNPrIr{font-size:20px;font-weight:500;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:15px;} /* sc-component-id: sc-bRBYWo */ .fXBKFa{display:inline-block;} @media (max-width:991.5px){.fXBKFa{width:100%;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.fXBKFa.hide{display:none !important;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-hzDkRC */ .bnbfTS{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;-webkit-flex:wrap;-ms-flex:wrap;flex:wrap;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;list-style-type:none;margin:0;width:100%;padding:0 !important;border-top:1px solid #fff;} .bnbfTS li{width:100%;text-align:center;box-sizing:border-box;padding:17px 0px;min-height:48px;} .bnbfTS li a{display:block;} .bnbfTS .iconBorder{border-right:1px solid #fff;} .bnbfTS img{width:23px;} .bnbfTS img.socialLinkedin{width:28px;} .bnbfTS .wechat-container{position:relative;} .bnbfTS .wechat-container .addthis_inline_share_toolbox{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;opacity:0 !important;} /* sc-component-id: sc-jtRfpW */ .hHKuAX{background-color:#6BA439;color:#fff;padding:20px;line-height:22px !important;border-radius:0;border-top:1px solid #fff;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;min-height:60px;} .hHKuAX img{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;-webkit-align-self:center;-ms-flex-item-align:center;align-self:center;} .hHKuAX span{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-self:center;-ms-flex-item-align:center;align-self:center;} .hHKuAX span.text{padding-left:20px;font-weight:500;} @media (max-width:360px){.hHKuAX span.text{padding-left:5px;font-size:14px;}} @media (min-width:320px) and (max-width:767.5px){.hHKuAX span.text{padding-left:20px;}}.dIjoCg{background-color:#F2F2F2;color:#4A4A4A;padding:20px;line-height:22px !important;border-radius:0;border-top:1px solid #E3E3E3;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;min-height:60px;} .dIjoCg img{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;-webkit-align-self:center;-ms-flex-item-align:center;align-self:center;} .dIjoCg span{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-self:center;-ms-flex-item-align:center;align-self:center;} .dIjoCg span.text{padding-left:20px;font-weight:500;} @media (max-width:360px){.dIjoCg span.text{padding-left:5px;font-size:14px;}} @media (min-width:320px) and (max-width:767.5px){.dIjoCg span.text{padding-left:20px;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-kTUwUJ */ .eujois{width:20px;} /* sc-component-id: sc-dqBHgY */ .cQgXqt{width:20px;height:16px;color:#6ba439;} /* sc-component-id: sc-cbkKFq */ .kuxTps{-webkit-transition:-webkit-transform 0.5s;-webkit-transition:transform 0.5s;transition:transform 0.5s;position:fixed;top:60px;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.kuxTps{position:fixed;top:70px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.kuxTps{position:fixed;top:70px;}}.prcY{-webkit-transition:-webkit-transform 0.5s;-webkit-transition:transform 0.5s;transition:transform 0.5s;top:0px;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.prcY{top:0px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.prcY{position:fixed;top:241px;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-hGoxap */ .dEfJbW{position:relative;background:#007d8d;} @media (max-width:991px){.dEfJbW{z-index:2;}} @media (min-width:767.5px) and (max-width:991.5px){.dEfJbW{width:50%;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.dEfJbW{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:end;-webkit-justify-content:flex-end;-ms-flex-pack:end;justify-content:flex-end;border-top:1px solid white;}} .dEfJbW.isHide{display:none;} @media (min-width:991.5px){.dEfJbW.isHide{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;}} .dEfJbW .submit__button{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;box-shadow:0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,.5);padding:0 20px;min-height:45px;} .dEfJbW .submit__button span.text{font-size:16px;} .dEfJbW .submit__button img{width:20px;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.dEfJbW .submit__button{min-height:58px;}.dEfJbW .submit__button img{width:22px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.dEfJbW .submit__button{display:none;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-fjmCvl */ .fSPaCp{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;width:100%;font-size:16px;font-weight:500;color:#fff;background-color:#007d8d;line-height:20px;padding:10px 20px;border:0;border-radius:0;border-top:1px solid #fff;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;margin:0;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.fSPaCp{padding:16px 20px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.fSPaCp{border-top:none;border-right:1px solid #fff;padding:14.5px 15px;font-size:14px;}} @media (min-width:1200px){.fSPaCp{padding:14.5px 20px;font-size:16px;}} .fSPaCp .icon__inactive{-webkit-transform:rotateZ(-90deg);-ms-transform:rotateZ(-90deg);transform:rotateZ(-90deg);line-height:20px;} @media (min-width:991.5px){.fSPaCp .icon__inactive{-webkit-transform:rotateZ(0);-ms-transform:rotateZ(0);transform:rotateZ(0);}} .fSPaCp.button__active{background:#fff;color:#4A4A4A;} @media (min-width:767.5px) and (max-width:991.5px){.fSPaCp.button__active{border-right:1px solid #007f8f;}} .fSPaCp .icon__active{-webkit-transform:rotateZ(-90deg);-ms-transform:rotateZ(-90deg);transform:rotateZ(-90deg);line-height:20px;} @media (min-width:991.5px){.fSPaCp .icon__active{-webkit-transform:rotate(0);-ms-transform:rotate(0);transform:rotate(0);}} .fSPaCp .icon__hidden{display:none;}.bVEEaH{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;width:100%;font-size:16px;font-weight:500;color:#fff;background-color:#007d8d;line-height:20px;padding:10px 20px;border:0;border-radius:0;border-top:1px solid #fff;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;margin:0;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.bVEEaH{padding:16px 20px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.bVEEaH{border-top:none;border-right:0;padding:14.5px 15px;font-size:14px;}} @media (min-width:1200px){.bVEEaH{padding:14.5px 20px;font-size:16px;}} .bVEEaH .icon__inactive{-webkit-transform:rotateZ(-90deg);-ms-transform:rotateZ(-90deg);transform:rotateZ(-90deg);line-height:20px;} @media (min-width:991.5px){.bVEEaH .icon__inactive{-webkit-transform:rotateZ(0);-ms-transform:rotateZ(0);transform:rotateZ(0);}} .bVEEaH.button__active{background:#fff;color:#4A4A4A;} @media (min-width:767.5px) and (max-width:991.5px){.bVEEaH.button__active{border-right:1px solid #007f8f;}} .bVEEaH .icon__active{-webkit-transform:rotateZ(-90deg);-ms-transform:rotateZ(-90deg);transform:rotateZ(-90deg);line-height:20px;} @media (min-width:991.5px){.bVEEaH .icon__active{-webkit-transform:rotate(0);-ms-transform:rotate(0);transform:rotate(0);}} .bVEEaH .icon__hidden{display:none;} /* sc-component-id: sc-TFwJa */ .gCIfTO{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;width:100%;font-size:16px;font-weight:500;color:#fff;background-color:#007d8d;line-height:20px;padding:10px 20px;border:0;border-radius:0;border-top:1px solid #fff;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.gCIfTO{padding:16px 20px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.gCIfTO{-webkit-transition:all 0.25s;transition:all 0.25s;border-top:none;border-right:1px solid #fff;border-left:0;padding:14.5px 30px 14.5px 20px;width:calc(100% / 6);font-size:14px;}.gCIfTO:hover{background:#fff;color:#4A4A4A;}} @media (min-width:1200px){.gCIfTO{font-size:16px;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-bHwgHz */ .ctePXh{width:18px;margin-right:-4px;} @media (min-width:991.5px){.ctePXh{width:7px;font-size:7px;}} @media (min-width:1200px){.ctePXh{width:18px;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-krDsej */ .ewCAZX{position:absolute;top:0;width:calc(100% - 20px);right:0;bottom:0;background:#fff;-webkit-transition:-webkit-transform 0.5s;-webkit-transition:transform 0.5s;transition:transform 0.5s;min-height:290px;box-shadow:0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.5);} .ewCAZX.hide__submenu{-webkit-transform:translateX(100%);-ms-transform:translateX(100%);transform:translateX(100%);} @media (min-width:767.5px){.ewCAZX.hide__submenu{-webkit-transform:translateX(-200%);-ms-transform:translateX(-200%);transform:translateX(-200%);}} @media (min-width:767.5px){.ewCAZX{left:100%;width:100%;padding-top:20px;z-index:-1;min-height:375px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.ewCAZX{display:none;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-dTdPqK */ .lkWWFY{-webkit-transition:-webkit-transform 0.5s;-webkit-transition:transform 0.5s;transition:transform 0.5s;display:none;} @media (min-width:991.5px){.lkWWFY.hide__submenu{-webkit-transform:translateY(-300%);-ms-transform:translateY(-300%);transform:translateY(-300%);}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.lkWWFY{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;height:186px;top:49px;left:0;position:absolute;right:0;background:#fff;z-index:-1;box-shadow:0 4px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.21);}} /* sc-component-id: sc-itybZL */ .kdvWPs{font-weight:700;border:0;color:#4A4A4A;padding:10px 0;background-color:#fff;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;} .kdvWPs:focus-visible{outline-width:3px;outline-color:#8fc9ff;outline-style:solid;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.kdvWPs{display:none;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-fzsDOv */ .hAFFGk{margin:0px 10px 2px 20px;-webkit-transform:rotate(90deg);-ms-transform:rotate(90deg);transform:rotate(90deg);display:inline-block;} /* sc-component-id: sc-gPWkxV */ .legory{width:50%;} /* sc-component-id: sc-jVODtj */ .epgILe{color:#007B8B;width:50%;font-size:16px;line-height:26px;margin:auto;padding:0 6%;} /* sc-component-id: sc-kUaPvJ */ .ehYbwJ{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;width:50%;padding:24.5px 2% 0;-webkit-order:0;-ms-flex-order:0;order:0;} @media (min-width:1024px){.ehYbwJ{padding:24.5px 3% 0;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-giadOv */ .eBepOs{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;width:100%;} @media (min-width:991.5px){.eBepOs{width:calc(100% / 6);}.eBepOs:first-child{border-left:none;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-fONwsr */ .kCfRMJ{background-color:#D8D8D8;position:absolute;left:50%;display:inline-block;height:121px;width:2px;top:33px;} /* sc-component-id: sc-LKuAh */ .lcOiDF{padding:0;margin:10px 0 25px 0;} /* sc-component-id: sc-iBEsjs */ .kPshFw{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;border:none;font-size:12px;font-weight:500;margin-top:7px;padding:0;color:#4D8A17;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:pointer;} .kPshFw:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.kPshFw{margin-top:10px;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-hzNEM */ .gsmOCv{overflow-y:hidden;height:auto;max-height:100%;-webkit-transition:all .5s;transition:all .5s;background-color:#F2F2F2;padding:0 16px;} .gsmOCv.isHide{max-height:0;-webkit-transition:all .5s;transition:all .5s;} .gsmOCv p{font-size:14px;line-height:22px;} .gsmOCv sup{margin-top:-5px;} /* sc-component-id: sc-chbbiW */ .mBGSe{padding:0;} /* sc-component-id: sc-kZmsYB */ .bkiEfx{font-size:14px;font-weight:700;line-height:16px;-webkit-letter-spacing:0.58px;-moz-letter-spacing:0.58px;-ms-letter-spacing:0.58px;letter-spacing:0.58px;margin:23px 0 0px !important;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.bkiEfx{margin:34px 0 0px !important;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.bkiEfx{margin:-4px 0 0 !important;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-RcBXQ */ .ztvYg{font-size:14px;line-height:22px;} .ztvYg a{color:#4D8A17;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:pointer;} .ztvYg a:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;} /* sc-component-id: sc-iSDuPN */ @font-face{font-family:'STIXGeneral-Bold';src:url('https://static-01.hindawi.com/next_assets/IQyEAurKlbWLJ7u7ASizn/_next/static/node_modules/hindawi-ui/fonts/STIXGeneral-Bold.otf');font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;} .gbcGIy{font-weight:700;font-family:STIXGeneral-Bold;margin:19px 0 22px;font-size:25px;line-height:28px;-webkit-letter-spacing:normal;-moz-letter-spacing:normal;-ms-letter-spacing:normal;letter-spacing:normal;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.gbcGIy{font-size:25px;margin:20px 0 23px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.gbcGIy{font-size:30px;line-height:34px;margin:19px 0 22px;}} .gbcGIy p{margin:0;} /* sc-component-id: sc-fZwumE */ .cUsFHx{padding:0 3px;} /* sc-component-id: sc-fQejPQ */ .duuwge{font-size:14px;} .duuwge:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;} /* sc-component-id: sc-jtRlXQ */ @font-face{font-family:'STIXGeneral-Regular';src:url('https://static-01.hindawi.com/next_assets/IQyEAurKlbWLJ7u7ASizn/_next/static/node_modules/hindawi-ui/fonts/STIXGeneral-Regular.otf');font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;} @font-face{src:url('https://static-01.hindawi.com/next_assets/IQyEAurKlbWLJ7u7ASizn/_next/static/node_modules/hindawi-ui/fonts/STIXGeneral-Regular.otf');font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;} @font-face{font-family:'STIXGeneral-Regular';src:url('https://static-01.hindawi.com/next_assets/IQyEAurKlbWLJ7u7ASizn/_next/static/node_modules/hindawi-ui/fonts/STIXGeneral-Regular.otf');font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;} .bfymXb{font-family:STIXGeneral-Regular;text-align:justify;} .bfymXb a{word-break:break-all;} .bfymXb h4:first-of-type{border-top:0px solid #E3E3E3;padding-top:0;} .bfymXb h4{font-size:20px;font-family:"IBM Plex Sans",sans-serif;border-top:1px solid #E3E3E3;padding-top:23px;margin-top:15px;margin-bottom:-3px;} .bfymXb h4#abstract{margin-top:-7px;margin-bottom:-3px;} @media (min-width:767.5){.bfymXb h4#abstract{margin-top:-6px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.bfymXb h4#abstract{margin-top:34px;}} .bfymXb h4.references,.bfymXb h4.copyright{border-top:1px solid #E3E3E3;padding-top:23px;} .bfymXb h4.references{margin-bottom:-8px;} .bfymXb h5,.bfymXb h6{margin:22px 0;font-size:16px;word-break:break-word;} .bfymXb h6{margin:25px 0;text-align:left;} .bfymXb p{font-size:16px;word-break:break-word;} .bfymXb .floats-partial-section{border:1px solid #E3E3E3;margin:25px auto;} @media (max-width:767px){.bfymXb .floats-partial-section{margin:0 auto;overflow-x:hidden;}} .bfymXb .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-content{padding:19px 0px 19px 0px;height:254px;width:96%;overflow:hidden;margin:0 auto;position:relative;cursor:pointer;} .bfymXb .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-content table{margin:0 auto;} .bfymXb .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-content .table-group{width:-webkit-fit-content;width:-moz-fit-content;width:fit-content;} .bfymXb .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-content .table-group table{width:-webkit-fit-content;width:-moz-fit-content;width:fit-content;} .bfymXb .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-content .table-group table object{z-index:-1;position:relative;} .bfymXb .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-content .table-group table td{padding:4px 7px;} .bfymXb .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-content .table-group table td.align_left{text-align:left;} .bfymXb .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-content .table-group table td.align_center{text-align:center;} @media (min-width:768px){.bfymXb .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-content{padding:22px 0px 0 0px;height:197px;}} @media (min-width:992px){.bfymXb .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-content{padding:23px 0px 13px 0px;height:215px;}} .bfymXb .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-content:after{content:"";height:20%;position:absolute;bottom:0;right:0;left:0;background:-moz-linear-gradient(left,rgba(255,255,255,.7) 0%,rgba(255,255,255,.7) 56%,rgba(255,255,255,.7) 100%);background:-webkit-gradient(linear,left top,right top,color-stop(0%,rgba(255,255,255,.7)),color-stop(56%,rgba(255,255,255,.7)),color-stop(100%,rgba(255,255,255,.7)));background:-webkit-linear-gradient(rgba(255,255,255,0) 0%,rgba(255,255,255,0.5) 30%,rgba(255,255,255,0.7) 56%,rgba(255,255,255,0.9) 75%,rgba(255,255,255,1) 100%);background:-o-linear-gradient(left,rgba(255,255,255,.7) 0%,rgba(255,255,255,.7) 56%,rgba(255,255,255,.7) 100%);background:-ms-linear-gradient(left,rgba(255,255,255,.7) 0%,rgba(255,255,255,.7) 56%,rgba(255,255,255,.7) 100%);background:linear-gradient(left,rgba(255,255,255,.7) 0%,rgba(255,255,255,.7) 56%,rgba(255,255,255,.7) 100%);-webkit-filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient( startColorstr='#00ffffff',endColorstr='#ffffff',GradientType=1 );filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient( startColorstr='#00ffffff',endColorstr='#ffffff',GradientType=1 );} .bfymXb .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer{background-color:#F2F2F2;border-top:1px solid #E3E3E3;} .bfymXb .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:end;-webkit-justify-content:flex-end;-ms-flex-pack:end;justify-content:flex-end;} .bfymXb .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .minimize_btn{-webkit-flex:1;-ms-flex:1;flex:1;background:url('data:image/svg+xml;base64,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') no-repeat 6px;background-position:center;margin-top:10px;min-width:55px;} @media (min-width:768px){.bfymXb .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .minimize_btn{display:none;}} .bfymXb .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .expand_btn{-webkit-flex:1;-ms-flex:1;flex:1;background:url('data:image/svg+xml;base64,PD94bWwgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4wIiBlbmNvZGluZz0iVVRGLTgiPz4KPHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMTZweCIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxNnB4IiB2aWV3Qm94PSIwIDAgMTYgMTYiIHZlcnNpb249IjEuMSIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayI+CiAgICA8IS0tIEdlbmVyYXRvcjogU2tldGNoIDUzLjIgKDcyNjQzKSAtIGh0dHBzOi8vc2tldGNoYXBwLmNvbSAtLT4KICAgIDx0aXRsZT5JY29ucy9DbG9zZSBNZW51IC08L3RpdGxlPgogICAgPGRlc2M+Q3JlYXRlZCB3aXRoIFNrZXRjaC48L2Rlc2M+CiAgICA8ZGVmcz4KICAgICAgICA8cGF0aCBkPSJNMTMsMTEgTDE5LDExIEMxOS41NTIyODQ3LDExIDIwLDExLjQ0NzcxNTMgMjAsMTIgQzIwLDEyLjU1MjI4NDcgMTkuNTUyMjg0NywxMyAxOSwxMyBMMTMsMTMgTDEzLDE5IEMxMywxOS41NTIyODQ3IDEyLjU1MjI4NDcsMjAgMTIsMjAgQzExLjQ0NzcxNTMsMjAgMTEsMTkuNTUyMjg0NyAxMSwxOSBMMTEsMTMgTDUsMTMgQzQuNDQ3NzE1MjUsMTMgNCwxMi41NTIyODQ3IDQsMTIgQzQsMTEuNDQ3NzE1MyA0LjQ0NzcxNTI1LDExIDUsMTEgTDExLDExIEwxMSw1IEMxMSw0LjQ0NzcxNTI1IDExLjQ0NzcxNTMsNCAxMiw0IEMxMi41NTIyODQ3LDQgMTMsNC40NDc3MTUyNSAxMyw1IEwxMywxMSBaIiBpZD0icGF0aC0xIj48L3BhdGg+CiAgICA8L2RlZnM+CiAgICA8ZyBpZD0iUGFnZS0xIiBzdHJva2U9Im5vbmUiIHN0cm9rZS13aWR0aD0iMSIgZmlsbD0ibm9uZSIgZmlsbC1ydWxlPSJldmVub2RkIj4KICAgICAgICA8ZyBpZD0iQXJ0aWNsZS0tLU1vYmlsZS0tLWZpZ3VyZSIgdHJhbnNmb3JtPSJ0cmFuc2xhdGUoLTIwLjAwMDAwMCwgLTg2MS4wMDAwMDApIj4KICAgICAgICAgICAgPGcgaWQ9Ikdyb3VwLTkiIHRyYW5zZm9ybT0idHJhbnNsYXRlKDAuMDAwMDAwLCAzMzAuMDAwMDAwKSI+CiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICA8ZyBpZD0iR3JvdXAtOCIgdHJhbnNmb3JtPSJ0cmFuc2xhdGUoMC4wMDAwMDAsIDUwNi4wMDAwMDApIj4KICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICA8ZyBpZD0iR3JvdXAtNyIgdHJhbnNmb3JtPSJ0cmFuc2xhdGUoMC4wMDAwMDAsIDE2LjAwMDAwMCkiPgogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICA8ZyBpZD0iSWNvbnMvT3Blbi1NZW51LSsiIHRyYW5zZm9ybT0idHJhbnNsYXRlKDEzLjAwMDAwMCwgMi4wMDAwMDApIj4KICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIDxnIGlkPSJwbHVzIiB0cmFuc2Zvcm09InRyYW5zbGF0ZSgzLjAwMDAwMCwgMy4wMDAwMDApIj4KICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICA8bWFzayBpZD0ibWFzay0yIiBmaWxsPSJ3aGl0ZSI+CiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIDx1c2UgeGxpbms6aHJlZj0iI3BhdGgtMSI+PC91c2U+CiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgPC9tYXNrPgogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIDx1c2UgaWQ9IkNvbWJpbmVkLVNoYXBlIiBmaWxsPSIjMDAwMDAwIiBmaWxsLXJ1bGU9Im5vbnplcm8iIHhsaW5rOmhyZWY9IiNwYXRoLTEiPjwvdXNlPgogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIDxnIGlkPSJDT0xPUi8tUHJpbWFyeS1HcmVlbiIgbWFzaz0idXJsKCNtYXNrLTIpIiBmaWxsPSIjNkJBNDM5IiBmaWxsLXJ1bGU9ImV2ZW5vZGQiPgogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICA8cmVjdCBpZD0iUmVjdGFuZ2xlIiB4PSIwIiB5PSIwIiB3aWR0aD0iMjQiIGhlaWdodD0iMjQiPjwvcmVjdD4KICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICA8L2c+CiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICA8L2c+CiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIDwvZz4KICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICA8L2c+CiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICA8L2c+CiAgICAgICAgICAgIDwvZz4KICAgICAgICA8L2c+CiAgICA8L2c+Cjwvc3ZnPg==') no-repeat 6px;background-position:center;margin-top:10px;min-width:55px;display:none;} @media (min-width:768px){.bfymXb .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .expand_btn{display:none;}} .bfymXb .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-text{-webkit-flex:9;-ms-flex:9;flex:9;text-align:left;padding:21px 37px 10px 0px;font-size:16px;font-weight:700;} @media (min-width:768px){.bfymXb .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-text{padding:19px 18px 10px 18px;}} @media (min-width:992px){.bfymXb .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-text{padding:19px 21px 10px 21px;}} .bfymXb .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-partial-url{-webkit-flex:1;-ms-flex:1;flex:1;background:url('data:image/svg+xml;base64,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') no-repeat 6px;background-position:center;padding:16px 0 16px 0;min-width:62px;max-width:62px;} @media (min-width:768px){.bfymXb .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-partial-url{padding:16px 0 17px 0;min-width:52px;max-width:52px;}} @media (min-width:992px){.bfymXb .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-partial-url{padding:15px 0 17px 0;min-width:60px;max-width:60px;}} .bfymXb .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-partial-url:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;} .bfymXb .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption-text{font-size:14px;padding:0px 18px 17px 22px;} @media (min-width:768px){.bfymXb .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption-text{padding:0px 15px 15px 18px;}} @media (min-width:992px){.bfymXb .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption-text{padding:0px 18px 19px 21px;}} .bfymXb .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption-text figcaption{margin:0;padding:0;} .bfymXb .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption-text svg{max-width:100%;} .bfymXb ol{font-size:16px;padding-left:32px;font-family:STIXGeneral-Regular;line-height:24px;margin:15px 0;} .bfymXb ol li{margin:10px 0;padding-left:10px;word-break:normal;} .bfymXb ol li a{word-break:break-all;} .bfymXb ol li .reflinks{display:block;} .bfymXb ol li .reflinks a{color:#4D8A17;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:pointer;} .bfymXb ol li .reflinks a:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;} .bfymXb ol li .reflinks .sep{color:#000000;} .bfymXb .table-wrapper{width:auto;overflow-x:auto;} .bfymXb .table-wrapper::-webkit-scrollbar{-webkit-appearance:none;width:5px;height:5px;} .bfymXb .table-wrapper::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb{border-radius:5px;background-color:rgba(0,0,0,.5);-webkit-box-shadow:0 0 1px rgba(255,255,255,.5);} @media (min-width:768px){.bfymXb .table-wrapper{overflow-x:auto;width:auto;-webkit-break-word:word-break;break-word:word-break;margin:0 auto;}} @media (min-width:992px){.bfymXb .table-wrapper{width:auto;}} @media (min-width:1324px){.bfymXb .table-wrapper{width:auto;}} @media (min-width:320px){.bfymXb{margin-bottom:33px;padding:0;}} @media (min-width:992px){.bfymXb{padding:0;margin-bottom:100px;}} @media (min-width:1325px){.bfymXb{margin-bottom:100px;}} .bfymXb .owl-stage{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;} .bfymXb .floats-partial-middle--thumbs{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;} .bfymXb .floats-partial-middle--thumbs .partial-carousel-dot svg{fill:#4D8A17;} .bfymXb .floats-partial-middle--thumbs .partial-carousel-dot strong{color:#4D8A17;font-weight:500;} .bfymXb .floats-partial-middle--thumbs .partial-carousel-dot.active strong{color:#007B8B;} .bfymXb .floats-partial-middle--thumbs .partial-carousel-dot.active svg{fill:#007B8B;} .bfymXb .floats-partial-middle--thumbs .partial-carousel-dot .nowrap{white-space:nowrap;} .bfymXb .partial-carousel-dot{text-align:center;cursor:pointer;border:0;width:100px;padding-bottom:20px;background-color:#fff;display:table-cell;} .bfymXb .partial-carousel-dot:focus-visible{outline-offset:-3px;} .bfymXb .partial-carousel-dot strong{font-size:11px;padding-top:12px;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.bfymXb .partial-carousel-dot strong{font-size:16px;}} .bfymXb .partial-carousel-dot img{width:90px;height:90px;border:1px solid #979797;margin:10px 0;} .bfymXb .partial-carousel-wrapper .floats-partial-middle{border-top:1px solid #e3e3e3;display:block;margin-bottom:50px;padding-top:1px;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.bfymXb .partial-carousel-wrapper .floats-partial-middle{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;margin-bottom:0;}} .bfymXb .partial-carousel--single-image{overflow:hidden;text-align:center;} .bfymXb .partial-carousel--single-image img{width:100%;max-height:239px;height:auto;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.bfymXb .partial-carousel--single-image img{max-height:357px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.bfymXb .partial-carousel--single-image img{max-height:417px;}} .bfymXb .partial-carousel--single-image strong{font-size:11px;padding-top:12px;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.bfymXb .partial-carousel--single-image strong{font-size:16px;}} .bfymXb .owl-nav,.bfymXb .owl-dots{display:none;} .bfymXb .partial-carousel-wrapper .owl-loaded{position:relative;height:auto;max-height:287px;} @media (min-width:767.6px){.bfymXb .partial-carousel-wrapper .owl-loaded{max-height:414px;}} @media (min-width:767.5px){.bfymXb .partial-carousel-wrapper .owl-loaded{max-height:477px;}} .bfymXb .partial-carousel-wrapper .floats-partial-content,.bfymXb .owl-stage-outer,.bfymXb .owl-stage{max-height:287px;height:auto;} @media (min-width:767.6px){.bfymXb .partial-carousel-wrapper .floats-partial-content,.bfymXb .owl-stage-outer,.bfymXb .owl-stage{max-height:414px;}} @media (min-width:767.5px){.bfymXb .partial-carousel-wrapper .floats-partial-content,.bfymXb .owl-stage-outer,.bfymXb .owl-stage{max-height:477px;}} .bfymXb .partial-carousel-wrapper .floats-partial-content::after,.bfymXb .owl-stage-outer::after,.bfymXb .owl-stage::after{background:transparent;} .bfymXb .partial-carousel-wrapper .floats-partial-middle--thumbs{width:100%;overflow-x:auto;-webkit-align-items:self-start;-webkit-box-align:self-start;-ms-flex-align:self-start;align-items:self-start;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.bfymXb .partial-carousel-wrapper .floats-partial-middle--thumbs{width:calc(100% - 110px);}} .bfymXb .partial-carousel-wrapper .floats-partial-middle--nav{width:100%;position:relative;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.bfymXb .partial-carousel-wrapper .floats-partial-middle--nav{width:20%;}} .bfymXb .floats-partial-middle{position:relative;} .bfymXb .partial-carousel-wrapper .carousel-prev{background:url('data:image/svg+xml;base64,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') no-repeat 17.5px;height:50px;width:61px;display:inline-block;border:0;border-right:1px solid #E3E3E3;padding:0;cursor:pointer;background-position-y:54.35%;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.bfymXb .partial-carousel-wrapper .carousel-prev{width:51px;background-position-x:8px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.bfymXb .partial-carousel-wrapper .carousel-prev{width:59px;background-position-x:16px;}} .bfymXb .partial-carousel-wrapper .carousel-next{background:url('data:image/svg+xml;base64,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') no-repeat 18.5px;height:52px;width:61px;display:inline-block;padding:0px;cursor:pointer;border:0;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.bfymXb .partial-carousel-wrapper .carousel-next{width:51px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.bfymXb .partial-carousel-wrapper .carousel-next{width:59px;}} .bfymXb .partial-carousel-wrapper .partial-carousel-next-prev{position:absolute;right:0;bottom:-50px;height:50px;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.bfymXb .partial-carousel-wrapper .partial-carousel-next-prev{bottom:0;}} .bfymXb .partial-carousel-wrapper .floats-partial-content{padding:12px;} .bfymXb .partial-carousel-wrapper .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-partial-url{border-left:none;} .bfymXb .partial-other-wrapper[data-section*="tab"] .floats-partial-content{display:none;} .bfymXb .partial-other-wrapper[data-section*="tab"] .floats-partial-footer{background-image:url(https://w2o-xhtml-parsed-preprod.s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/table_thumb.svg);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-position:17px 17px;background-size:100px 70px;border-top:none;min-height:110px;position:relative;} .bfymXb .partial-other-wrapper[data-section*="tab"] .floats-partial-footer .table-thumb-overlay{cursor:pointer;position:absolute;left:17px;top:17px;height:70px;width:100px;} .bfymXb .partial-other-wrapper[data-section*="tab"] .floats-partial-footer .caption-text{padding-left:137px;padding-right:0px;position:relative;} .bfymXb .partial-other-wrapper[data-section*="tab"] .floats-partial-footer .caption-text .caption-text-overlay{cursor:pointer;position:absolute;top:20px;left:135px;height:20px;width:60px;} .bfymXb .partial-other-wrapper[data-section*="tab"] .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption-text{color:black;display:block !important;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;width:auto;margin-left:140px;margin-right:20px;padding:0px 0px 15px 0px;width:-webkit-fit-content;width:-moz-fit-content;width:fit-content;} .bfymXb .partial-other-wrapper[data-section*="tab"] .floats-partial-footer .minimize_btn{display:none !important;} .bfymXb .partial-other-wrapper[data-section*="tab"] .floats-partial-footer .expand_btn{display:none !important;} @media (max-width:567px){.bfymXb .partial-other-wrapper[data-section*="tab"] .floats-partial-footer{background-size:60px 45px;}.bfymXb .partial-other-wrapper[data-section*="tab"] .floats-partial-footer .table-thumb-overlay{height:45px;width:60px;}.bfymXb .partial-other-wrapper[data-section*="tab"] .floats-partial-footer .caption-text{padding:30px 0px 15px 95px;}.bfymXb .partial-other-wrapper[data-section*="tab"] .floats-partial-footer .caption-text .caption-text-overlay{top:30px;left:95px;}.bfymXb .partial-other-wrapper[data-section*="tab"] .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption-text{margin:0px 20px;}} .bfymXb .owl-item{overflow-y:hidden;margin-bottom:0;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;} .bfymXb .supplementary--docs{display:-ms-flexbox;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;padding-left:2em;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.bfymXb .supplementary--docs{padding-left:1em;}} .bfymXb .supplementary--docs li{-ms-flex:0 0 100%;-webkit-flex:0 0 100%;-ms-flex:0 0 100%;flex:0 0 100%;max-width:100%;} @media (min-width:991.5px){.bfymXb .supplementary--docs li{-ms-flex:0 0 50%;-webkit-flex:0 0 50%;-ms-flex:0 0 50%;flex:0 0 50%;max-width:50%;}} .bfymXb .supplementary--docs li a::after{content:'';background :url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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) no-repeat 5px;padding-right:35px;background-size:14px;} .bfymXb .dataset-section .supplementary--dpis-desc{padding-left:19px;} .bfymXb .dataset-section .supplementary--dpis-desc p{margin:10px 0;} .bfymXb .table-group.fixed-width,.bfymXb .table-group.sidewaystable{min-width:auto;} .bfymXb .noliststyle{padding-left:1em;} .bfymXb .noliststyle li{padding-left:0;} .bfymXb .xml-content > hr{display:none;} .bfymXb sup,.bfymXb sub{vertical-align:baseline;position:relative;top:5px;} .bfymXb sup{top:-5px;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.bfymXb a{position:relative;}} .bfymXb a div.tooltip{cursor:auto;position:absolute;width:280px;background:#fff;border:1px solid #adadad;padding:20px;margin:0;display:none;z-index:2;color:#000;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.bfymXb a div.tooltip{width:400px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.bfymXb a div.tooltip{width:572px;}} .bfymXb a div.tooltip .cross{position:absolute;right:10px;top:10px;display:block;height:14px;width:14px;cursor:pointer;} .bfymXb a div.tooltip ol{margin:0;padding:0 0 10px 20px;} .bfymXb a div.tooltip ol li{text-align:left;margin:0;} .bfymXb a div.tooltip.left{left:20px;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.bfymXb a div.tooltip.left{left:-20px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.bfymXb a div.tooltip.left{left:-100px;}} .bfymXb a div.tooltip.right{right:20px;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.bfymXb a div.tooltip.right{right:-20px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.bfymXb a div.tooltip.right{right:-100px;}} .bfymXb a div.tooltip a.seeRef{padding-left:30px;} .bfymXb .gloss-abbr tr td:first-child{white-space:nowrap;} .bfymXb table.algorithm td{word-break:keep-all;} .bfymXb h4#copyright + p a{word-break:break-word;} /* sc-component-id: sc-bGbJRg */ .dVCLgr{width:100%;} @media (min-width:991.5px){.dVCLgr{width:19%;}} @media (min-width:1280px){.dVCLgr{width:24%;max-width:350px;}} .dVCLgr p{border:1px solid #E3E3E3;} /* sc-component-id: sc-bEjcJn */ .jLUVhb{-webkit-flex:1 0 30%;-ms-flex:1 0 30%;flex:1 0 30%;list-style:none;padding:0;-webkit-transition:-webkit-transform 0.5s;-webkit-transition:transform 0.5s;transition:transform 0.5s;} @media (min-width:320px) and (max-width:991.5px){.jLUVhb{position:fixed;width:100%;z-index:2;margin:0;margin-top:50px;top:169px;max-height:calc(100vh - 165px);overflow-y:auto;}} @media (min-width:767.5px) and (max-width:991.5px){.jLUVhb{top:179px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px) and (max-width:1200px){.jLUVhb{max-width:354px;-webkit-flex:1 0 20%;-ms-flex:1 0 20%;flex:1 0 20%;}} @media (min-width:1200px){.jLUVhb{-webkit-flex:1 0 25%;-ms-flex:1 0 25%;flex:1 0 25%;max-width:354px;}} .jLUVhb p{margin:0;padding:10px 0;font-size:16px;font-weight:700;line-height:24px;display:none;} @media (min-width:991.5px){.jLUVhb p{display:block;padding:10px 20px;border:1px solid #E3E3E3;border-bottom:0;}} .jLUVhb.links__hidden{display:none;} @media (min-width:991.5px){.jLUVhb.links__hidden{display:block;}} .jLUVhb.translate{-webkit-transform :translateY(-120px);-ms-transform :translateY(-120px);transform :translateY(-120px);} @media (min-width:768px){.jLUVhb.translate{-webkit-transform:translateY(-130px);-ms-transform:translateY(-130px);transform:translateY(-130px);}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.jLUVhb.translate{-webkit-transform:none;-ms-transform:none;transform:none;}.jLUVhb.translate #leftSectionMenu{-webkit-transform:translateY(-130px);-ms-transform:translateY(-130px);transform:translateY(-130px);}} /* sc-component-id: sc-ePZHVD */ .ewHMLz{color:#4A4A4A;} /* sc-component-id: sc-likbZx */ .bBmZJZ{font-size:16px;font-weight:500;line-height:20px;color:#4A4A4A;border:1px solid #E3E3E3;border-bottom:0;background-color:#f2f2f2;display:list-item;} @media (min-width:991px){.bBmZJZ{-webkit-transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;}.bBmZJZ:hover{background-color :#D8D8D8;-webkit-transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;}} .bBmZJZ:last-child{border-bottom:1px solid #E3E3E3;} .bBmZJZ a{display:block;padding:10px 20px;} /* sc-component-id: sc-eKZiaR */ .dzZrgS{position:fixed;width:100%;height:50px;color:#4D8A17;background-color:#F2F2F2;border:none;font-size:16px;line-height:18px;font-weight:500;z-index:2;top:170px;-webkit-transition:-webkit-transform 0.5s;-webkit-transition:transform 0.5s;transition:transform 0.5s;text-align:left;border-top:1px solid #FFFFFF;} @media (min-width:320px) and (max-width:991.5px){.dzZrgS{padding-left:15px;border-bottom:4px solid #FFFFFF;}.dzZrgS.is-open{border-bottom:4px solid #F2F2F2;}} @media (min-width:767.5px){.dzZrgS{top:179px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.dzZrgS{display:none;}} .dzZrgS .icon__dots{cursor:pointer;-webkit-transform:rotate(90deg) translateY(8px);-ms-transform:rotate(90deg) translateY(8px);transform:rotate(90deg) translateY(8px);margin-right:15px;} @media (min-width:991.5px){.dzZrgS .icon__dots{padding-right:20px;margin-bottom:2px;-webkit-transform:none;-ms-transform:none;transform:none;}} .dzZrgS.translate{-webkit-transform :translateY(-120px);-ms-transform :translateY(-120px);transform :translateY(-120px);top:170px;} @media(min-width:991.5px){.dzZrgS.translate{-webkit-transform :translateY(-130px) rotate(90deg);-ms-transform :translateY(-130px) rotate(90deg);transform :translateY(-130px) rotate(90deg);}} /* sc-component-id: sc-jrIrqw */ .eHMFfo{padding:0;margin:20px 0;} .eHMFfo span{font-size:14px;} .eHMFfo span.isHide{display:none;} .eHMFfo span i{font-style:italic;} .eHMFfo span i.isHide{display:none;} /* sc-component-id: sc-hjRWVT */ .irNWJI{width:16px;margin:0 2px 2px;} /* sc-component-id: sc-iybRtq */ .iQSObO{width:16px;margin-bottom:2px;} /* sc-component-id: sc-iQtOjA */ .kfDwZY{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;border:none;font-size:12px;font-weight:500;margin-top:7px;padding:0;color:#4D8A17;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:pointer;} .kfDwZY:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.kfDwZY{margin-top:5px;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-fHxwqH */ .dMuGGA{overflow-y:hidden;height:auto;max-height:100%;-webkit-transition:all .5s;transition:all .5s;} .dMuGGA.isHide{max-height:0;-webkit-transition:all .5s;transition:all .5s;} .dMuGGA p:first-child{margin-top:15px;} .dMuGGA p{font-size:14px;line-height:23px;display:block;} .dMuGGA sup{margin-top:-5px;} /* sc-component-id: sc-cEvuZC */ .XkrFe{border:none;border-top:1px solid #E3E3E3;height:2px;margin:15px 0;} .XkrFe.hr__author{margin-bottom:12px;} /* sc-component-id: sc-cBdUnI */ @media (min-width:320px) and (max-width:991.5px){.hRnXob{display:none;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.hRnXob{z-index:1;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-exkUMo */ .hymroZ{background-color:#6ba339;color:#ffffff;display:none;} .hymroZ span.text{padding-left:20px;} @media (min-width:991px){.hymroZ{-webkit-transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;}.hymroZ:hover{background-color :#D8D8D8;-webkit-transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-kcDeIU */ .cbcyj{background-color:#f2f2f2;color:#4a4a4a;display:none;} .cbcyj span.text{padding-left:20px;} @media (min-width:991.5px) and (max-width:1279.5px){.cbcyj{display:none !important;}} @media (min-width:991px){.cbcyj{-webkit-transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;}.cbcyj:hover{background-color :#D8D8D8;-webkit-transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.cbcyj.hide{display:none !important;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-BngTV */ .hmDWcT{background-color:#f2f2f2;color:#4a4a4a;display:none;} .hmDWcT span.text{padding-left:20px;} @media (min-width:1279.5px){.hmDWcT{display:none !important;}} @media (min-width:991px){.hmDWcT{-webkit-transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;}.hmDWcT:hover{background-color :#5D9230;-webkit-transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.hmDWcT.hide{display:none !important;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-hBbWxd */ .kdRRST{background-color:#f2f2f2;border-top:1px solid #ffffff;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;font-size:14px;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;padding:20px 55px 20px 25px;} @media (max-width:1279.5px){.kdRRST{padding-right:20px;}} @media (max-width:991.5px){.kdRRST{display:none;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-dyGzUR */ .cHatnS div{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;} .cHatnS div:last-of-type{padding-top:20px;} .cHatnS span{color:#4F4F4F;font-size:20px;font-weight:700;line-height:26px;} /* sc-component-id: sc-drKuOJ */ .kxdGAZ{-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column-reverse;-ms-flex-direction:column-reverse;flex-direction:column-reverse;height:100%;-webkit-box-pack:end;-webkit-justify-content:flex-end;-ms-flex-pack:end;justify-content:flex-end;} .kxdGAZ span{padding-top:15px;} /* sc-component-id: sc-cTjmhe */ @media (min-width:991.5px){.ihmyEq{width:100%;z-index:1;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-cugefK */ .itFKcQ{background-color:#F2F2F2;color:#4A4A4A;border-top:1px solid #FFFFFF;font-size:16px;font-weight:500;padding:20px;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;cursor:pointer;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;} @media (min-width:991px){.itFKcQ{-webkit-transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;}.itFKcQ:hover{background-color :#D8D8D8;-webkit-transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.itFKcQ.hide{display:none !important;}} .itFKcQ.active .icon-themeable{-webkit-transform:rotate(180deg);-ms-transform:rotate(180deg);transform:rotate(180deg);} /* sc-component-id: sc-fnwBNb */ .etzuBr{display:none;} /* sc-component-id: sc-iNhVCk */ .gWgCNb{background-color:#f2f2f2;border-radius:0;border-top:1px solid #e3e3e3;font-size:16px;color:#4a4a4a;font-weight:500;padding:11px 20px;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;} @media (min-width:991px){.gWgCNb{-webkit-transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;}.gWgCNb:hover{background-color :#D8D8D8;-webkit-transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-eAKXzc */ .WHkfb{-webkit-flex:1 0 90%;-ms-flex:1 0 90%;flex:1 0 90%;padding-left:50px;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.WHkfb{padding-left:93px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.WHkfb{padding-left:50px;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-bfYoXt */ .cGuwDn{width:20px;height:24px;} /* sc-component-id: sc-gbOuXE */ .jGPvPL{width:22px;height:21px;padding:2px;} /* sc-component-id: sc-dRFtgE */ .jrsDZP{-webkit-flex:1 0 80%;-ms-flex:1 0 80%;flex:1 0 80%;padding-left:26px;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.jrsDZP{padding-left:69px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.jrsDZP{padding-left:20px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px) and (max-width:1279.5px){.jrsDZP{display:none;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-gkFcWv */ .gWTCXQ{display:none;} @media (min-width:991.5px){.gWTCXQ{padding-left:20px;max-width:100px;display:inline;}} @media (min-width:1279.5px){.gWTCXQ{display:none;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-hUfwpO */ .jHPgUP{width:100%;border-left:1px solid #f2f2f2;border-right:1px solid #f2f2f2;border-bottom:none;cursor:pointer;} .jHPgUP li{background-color:#f2f2f2;} @media (min-width:991px){.jHPgUP li{-webkit-transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;}.jHPgUP li:hover{background-color :#ffffff;-webkit-transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;}} .jHPgUP h3{display:none;} /* sc-component-id: sc-imABML */ .ibWUzs{background-color:#f2f2f2;color:#4a4a4a;display:block;border-top:1px solid #ffffff;border-radius:0;font-size:16px;font-weight:500;padding:20px;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;cursor:pointer;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;} .ibWUzs .right__icon{padding:0;height:16px;width:20px;} @media (min-width:991px){.ibWUzs{-webkit-transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;}.ibWUzs:hover{background-color :#D8D8D8;-webkit-transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.ibWUzs.hide{display:none !important;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-cjHlYL */ .hYnXNL{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;width:25%;float:right;margin-top:-49px;} @media (max-width:374px){.hYnXNL{width:26.5%;}} @media (min-width:992px){.hYnXNL{display:none;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-dRaagA */ .hGCBfz{background-color:#6BA339;color:white;-webkit-flex:1 0 25%;-ms-flex:1 0 25%;flex:1 0 25%;z-index:100;padding:14px 16px 10px 19px;border-radius:0px;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF;} @media (min-width:320px) and (max-width:767px){.hGCBfz{border-bottom:none;padding:16px 16px 14px 16px;font-size:14px;}.hGCBfz .article_toolbar_icon{display:none;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-fEUNkw */ .dfaOeH{margin-right:16px;width:24px;height:24px;} /* sc-component-id: sc-dREXXX */ .cqhPZs{width:16px;height:auto;float:right;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.cqhPZs{width:24px;height:24px;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-nrwXf */ .byflLi{font-size:14px;padding:16px 20px 24px;} @media (max-width:991px){.byflLi{display:none;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-eitiEO */ .jXeALb{font-size:14px;} .jXeALb:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;} /* sc-component-id: sc-bhlBdH */ .UVThf{font-size:14px;font-weight:bold;} /* sc-component-id: sc-OxbzP */ .eEFYIL{width:100%;height:auto;background-color:#4A4A4A;font-family:'IBM Plex Sans',sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:500;color:#fff;padding:15px 20px;line-height:20px;position:fixed;bottom:0px;z-index:3;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;-webkit-transition:-webkit-transform .25s;-webkit-transition:transform .25s;transition:transform .25s;} .eEFYIL a{color:#7ED321;} .eEFYIL p{display:inline;margin:0;} .eEFYIL.hideBanner{-webkit-transform:translateY(100%);-ms-transform:translateY(100%);transform:translateY(100%);} /* sc-component-id: sc-bYnzgO */ .dsXEHZ{background:transparent;border:none;height:20px;width:20px;margin-left:20px;padding:0;cursor:pointer;} /* sc-component-id: sc-cPuPxo */ .iXKuYd{min-width:20px;height:20px;} /* sc-component-id: baseContent__Main-sc-134g3di-2 */ .cmzomn{margin-top:140px;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.cmzomn{margin-top:85px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.cmzomn{margin-top:70px;min-height:calc(100vh - 334px);}} /* sc-component-id: threeColumn__ThreeColumnWrapper-sc-1bf4078-0 */ .dDyxFF{width:100%;} @media only screen and (min-width:992px){.dDyxFF{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-flow:row wrap;-ms-flex-flow:row wrap;flex-flow:row wrap;padding:0 20px;max-width:1440px;margin:0 auto;}} @media (min-width:991.5px) and (max-width:1100.5px){.dDyxFF .partenership__collabText{font-size:12px;}} @media (min-width:1100.5px) and (max-width:1200.5px){.dDyxFF .partenership__collabText{font-size:14px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px) and (max-width:1071.5px){.dDyxFF .partenership__logoWrapper img{margin-left:20px;margin-bottom:10px;}.dDyxFF .partenership__logoWrapper img:last-child{margin-left:0;margin-bottom:0;}} @media (max-width:1150px){.dDyxFF .journal-metrics-container{display:none;}.dDyxFF .journal_report_link-border-helper{display:none;}} /* sc-component-id: threeColumn__LeftWrapper-sc-1bf4078-1 */ @media only screen and (min-width:992px){.fkVFlF{width:20%;}} @media only screen and (min-width:1280px){.fkVFlF{width:25%;}} /* sc-component-id: threeColumn__RightWrapper-sc-1bf4078-2 */ .jzTMLK{-webkit-transition:-webkit-transform 0.5s;-webkit-transition:transform 0.5s;transition:transform 0.5s;} @media only screen and (min-width:992px){.jzTMLK{width:20%;margin-bottom:60px;}.jzTMLK.translate{-webkit-transform:translateY(-130px);-ms-transform:translateY(-130px);transform:translateY(-130px);}} @media only screen and (min-width:1280px){.jzTMLK{width:25%;}} /* sc-component-id: threeColumn__ContentWrapper-sc-1bf4078-3 */ .bbzREB{margin:0 20px;overflow:hidden;} @media only screen and (min-width:992px){.bbzREB{width:calc(60% - 40px);}} @media only screen and (min-width:1280px){.bbzREB{width:calc(50% - 40px);}} /* sc-component-id: threeColumn__Content-sc-1bf4078-4 */ .jknsZc{margin:0 auto;overflow:hidden;} @media only screen and (min-width:768px){.jknsZc{max-width:688px;}} @media only screen and (min-width:992px){.jknsZc{max-width:100%;}} @media only screen and (min-width:1075px){.jknsZc{max-width:572px;}} /* sc-component-id: article__BaseStyle-sc-10qhnp8-0 */ .gnduKR{width:100%;margin-top:170px;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.gnduKR{margin-top:179px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.gnduKR{margin-top:180px;min-height:840px;}} /* sc-component-id: article__StickyStyle-sc-10qhnp8-1 */ .bomGMi{width:100%;max-width:1440px;z-index:3;-webkit-transition:all .5s;transition:all .5s;} .bomGMi.translate{-webkit-transform:translateY(-120px);-ms-transform:translateY(-120px);transform:translateY(-120px);} @media (min-width:767.5px){.bomGMi.translate{-webkit-transform:translateY(-130px);-ms-transform:translateY(-130px);transform:translateY(-130px);}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.bomGMi.translate{-webkit-transform:translateY(-130px);-ms-transform:translateY(-130px);transform:translateY(-130px);}} /* sc-component-id: article__SubtitleStyled-sc-10qhnp8-2 */ .hdSPnx{background-color:#007B8B;opacity:0.8;color:#fff;margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;padding:17px 0 17px 20px;line-height:23px;height:60px;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;font-size:20px;font-weight:500;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.hdSPnx{line-height:26px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.hdSPnx{line-height:50px;padding:5px 0 5px 20px;height:60px;}} /* sc-component-id: article__JournalMenuTitle-sc-10qhnp8-3 */ .dDYYdJ{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;font-size:16px;font-weight:500;line-height:20px;height:50px;width:100%;background-color:#007B8B;color:#fff;text-align:left;padding-left:14px;padding-right:0;border:0;border-top:1px solid #fff;} .dDYYdJ span{font-size:24px;padding-right:14px;} @media (min-width:991.5px){.dDYYdJ{display:none;}} /* sc-component-id: article__WhiteWrapper-sc-10qhnp8-5 */ .bJcSpM{background-color:#fff;display:block;position:relative;} .bJcSpM h1,.bJcSpM h2{color:#fff;} .bJcSpM h2{font-size:20px;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.bJcSpM h2{font-size:25px;}} .bJcSpM h1{font-size:20px;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.bJcSpM h1{font-size:24px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.bJcSpM h1{font-size:40px;}} /* sc-component-id: articleContent__ArticleContentsWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-0 */ .eSvjPB{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;width:100%;} .eSvjPB .author__editor--hr{display:block;} /* sc-component-id: articleContent__ArticleContentsSectionsWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-1 */ .jntdRu{width:100%;} @media (max-width:991.5px){.jntdRu{margin-top:52px;}} .jntdRu p{margin:12px 0;line-height:20px;} .jntdRu .articlecontent__alignment{width:100%;min-width:306px;padding-left:7px;padding-right:7px;} @media (min-width:346px){.jntdRu .articlecontent__alignment{padding-left:20px;padding-right:20px;}} @media (min-width:767.5px){.jntdRu .articlecontent__alignment{width:543px;margin:auto;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.jntdRu .articlecontent__alignment{max-width:612px;width:75%;margin:inherit;margin-left:50px;padding-left:20px;padding-right:20px;}} @media (min-width:1100px){.jntdRu .articlecontent__alignment{margin-left:118px;}} .jntdRu .article__title{padding-bottom:12px;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.jntdRu .article__title{padding-bottom:15px;}} .jntdRu .article__summary{padding-bottom:65px;} @media (min-width:991.5px){.jntdRu .article__summary{padding-bottom:75px;}} @media (min-width:767.5px){.jntdRu #vjs_video_3 button{-webkit-transform:none;-ms-transform:none;transform:none;left:40%;margin-top:0;}} .jntdRu .video-js .vjs-big-play-button{top:calc(50% - 22.5px);left:calc(50% - 50px);} .jntdRu .video-js{margin:20px 0;} .jntdRu a{color:#4D8A17;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:pointer;} .jntdRu a:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;} /* sc-component-id: articleContent__ArticleWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-2 */ .hAzjHP{background-position:0px 0px;background-origin:content-box;background-size:99%;} /* sc-component-id: articleContent__EditorWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-3 */ .evMkvU{padding:0;} /* sc-component-id: articleContent__PublicationTimeLineWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-4 */ .fjviok{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:15px 0 30px;border-bottom:1px solid #E3E3E3;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.fjviok{border-top:1px solid #E3E3E3;margin:20px 0 30px;}} /* sc-component-id: articleContent__PublcationCol-sc-2yl9jy-5 */ .hgKieC{-webkit-flex-basis:0;-ms-flex-preferred-size:0;flex-basis:0;-webkit-box-flex:1;-webkit-flex-grow:1;-ms-flex-positive:1;flex-grow:1;max-width:100%;border-right:1px solid #E3E3E3;padding:5px 0 15px;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.hgKieC{padding:5px 0;}} .hgKieC.notPublished{display:none;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.hgKieC.notPublished{display:block;}} @media (max-width:767.5px){.hgKieC.isPublished{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;}.hgKieC.isPublished span:first-child::after{content:':';padding-right:3px;}} .hgKieC:last-child{border-right:none;} /* sc-component-id: articleContent__PublicationField-sc-2yl9jy-6 */ .cIribm{display:block;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;} /* sc-component-id: articleContent__PublicationValue-sc-2yl9jy-7 */ .khHUcu{display:block;text-align:center;font-size:14px;} /* sc-component-id: articleContent__TextWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-8 */ .fYrLtk{margin:-7px 0 -5px;font-size:14px;} /* sc-component-id: biblio__Wrapper-sc-1nou1lz-0 */ .eyHfWh{position:relative;} .eyHfWh.hide{display:none;} .eyHfWh hr{position:absolute;left:0;right:0;top:-30px;border-top:1px solid #E3E3E3;border-bottom:0;}.cBTaXT.hide{display:none;} .cBTaXT hr{display:none;} /* sc-component-id: biblio__BiblioWrapper-sc-1nou1lz-1 */ @font-face{font-family:'STIXGeneral-Bold';src:url('https://static-01.hindawi.com/next_assets/IQyEAurKlbWLJ7u7ASizn/_next/static/_/hindawi-ui/fonts/STIXGeneral-Regular.otf');} .bvnCfh{padding:0 20px 20px;} .bvnCfh .bib__image{display:none;} .bvnCfh .bib__title{font-size:20px;} .bvnCfh .bib__name{font-size:18px;font-family:'STIXGeneral-Bold',serif !important;color:rgb(74,74,74);font-weight:700;} .bvnCfh .bib--split .bib__link .bib__info,.bvnCfh .bib--split .bib__link.bib__link--image .bib__info,.bvnCfh [class*='bib--txt'] .bib__link .bib__info,.bvnCfh [class*='bib--txt'] .bib__link.bib__link--image .bib__info{padding:10px 0 !important;} .bvnCfh .bib__author{font-size:14px;line-height:22px;color:rgb(132,132,132);margin-top:3px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-right:20px;opacity:1;font-family:'IBM Plex Sans',sans-serif;font-weight:500;} .bvnCfh #biblio_sidebar .bib__link{border-top:1px solid rgb(227,227,227) !important;padding-top:5px !important;padding-bottom:5px !important;} .bvnCfh #biblio_sidebar .bib__link:first-child{border-top:0 !important;padding-top:0 !important;} .bvnCfh #biblio_sidebar .bib__link:first-child .bib__info{padding-top:0 !important;} .bvnCfh #biblio_widget .bib--split .bib__link .bib__info,.bvnCfh #biblio_widget .bib--split .bib__link.bib__link--image .bib__info{padding:10px 15px 10px 0 !important;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.bvnCfh{padding:0 40px 20px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.bvnCfh{padding:0 20px;}} /* sc-component-id: biblio__H4-sc-1nou1lz-2 */ .becpDt{font-size:20px;font-family:'IBM Plex Sans';color:#000;font-weight:600;margin-top:34px;margin-bottom:18px;padding:0 20px;} /* sc-component-id: journal_article__ArticleStickyTopToolbar-sc-12fk6zy-0 */ .gbrQxi{display:none;} @media (min-width:991.5px){.gbrQxi{display:block;}.gbrQxi .article_top_toolbar{top:110px;z-index:-100;}.gbrQxi .article_top_toolbar .pdf_desktop{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;}.gbrQxi .article_top_toolbar .ref_desktop{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;}} .gbrQxi .article_toolbar_views{margin-top:-58px;display:block;text-align:right;} /* sc-component-id: journal_article__ArticleStickyBottomToolbar-sc-12fk6zy-1 */ @media (min-width:991.5px){.isgRZA .article_bottom_toolbar{top:292px;z-index:-10;}} /* sc-component-id: journal_article__BreadCrumbStyle-sc-12fk6zy-2 */ @media (min-width:991.5px){.bjwAQR{padding:16px 20px 24px;height:60px;}} /* sc-component-id: journal_article__ArticleBaseStyle-sc-12fk6zy-3 */ .NQpXC .content,.NQpXC .contentWrapper{overflow:visible;} /* sc-component-id: journal_article__BiblioIntegratorSidebar-sc-12fk6zy-4 */ .cYsVdk{max-width:350px;} @media (max-width:991.5px){.cYsVdk{display:none !important;}} /* sc-component-id: journal_article__BiblioIntegratorWidget-sc-12fk6zy-5 */ .dbAANp{background-color:#f5f5f5;padding:15px 20px 24px 20px;margin-top:2px;margin-bottom:20px;} @media (min-width:991.5px){.dbAANp{margin-top:-64px;margin-bottom:40px;}} .dbAANp .hrTitleRef{padding:0;margin-top:0;font-family:'IBM Plex Sans',sans-serif;} .dbAANp #biblio_widget{padding:0;}</style> </head> <body style="margin:0;box-sizing:border-box"> <div id="__next"> <div class="static_page"> <div class="page no__focus__outline"> <header class="sc-fjdhpX jzXSTA"> <div class="sc-bZQynM bNmdOy E_HUmlU2Hj3PpkDmWzKPd header__padding"> <div class="sc-kAzzGY epRoim mobileLogoFlex _1fpqArXPCxgnlv2rXZC2sl _1SoDWGr_FVsil9klRfjnhb"> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link" href="//www.newsama.com/" aria-label="Home"><img alt="标志”src="https://preprod-admin.w2o.hindawi.com/themes/custom/hindawi_extended/logo.svg" class="sc-ckVGcZ gjctdt"></a> </div> <div class="sc-jzJRlG jGJLow mobileButtonFlex _2v1j-tLx3hx0tgKcpPzH6B _3wm8FgzqRuRWouJG31YgKx E_HUmlU2Hj3PpkDmWzKPd"> <nav class="sc-bxivhb ivbKJD"> <ul class="sc-ifAKCX fopjOz sc-kpOJdX kAzjOl"> <li class="navigation__link"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link link" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/" aria-label="Journals">期刊</gydF4y2Baa></li> <li class="navigation__link"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link link" href="//www.newsama.com/publish-research/" aria-label="Publish with us">雷电竞下载苹果</a></li> <li class="navigation__link"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link link" href="//www.newsama.com/publishing-partnerships/" aria-label="Publishing partnerships">raybet推荐吗</a></li> <li class="navigation__link"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link link" href="//www.newsama.com/about/" aria-label="About us">关于我们</gydF4y2Baa></li> <li class="navigation__link"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link link" href="//www.newsama.com/blog/" aria-label="Blog">博客</gydF4y2Baa></li> </ul> </nav> <button class="sc-chPdSV hbVEoI icon__search" aria-label="Search"><span class="sc-htoDjs khbeDd icon__search icon-colored _3hSk3ArgsWMFh5QJIGblNr icon-themeable" title="" font-size="24"></span></button> <button aria-label="Hamburger Menu" class="sc-cSHVUG ldSkVQ"><span class="sc-htoDjs khbeDd hamburger icon-colored _20YUA8q5mREEBfJm8VsdXV icon-themeable" title="" font-size="24"></span></button> </div> </div> </header> <div class="sc-bZQynM bNmdOy"></div> <main class="baseContent__Main-sc-134g3di-2 cmzomn article__BaseStyle-sc-10qhnp8-0 gnduKR DADtd11SJ4KyWZ2l6zAnr base_style journal_article__ArticleBaseStyle-sc-12fk6zy-3 NQpXC"> <div class="sc-bZQynM bNmdOy width_wrapper"> <div id="journal__navigation" class="sc-cbkKFq kuxTps article__StickyStyle-sc-10qhnp8-1 bomGMi"> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link article__WhiteWrapper-sc-10qhnp8-5 bJcSpM" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijecol/" aria-label=""><h2 class="sc-eHgmQL fTkdCR article__SubtitleStyled-sc-10qhnp8-2 hdSPnx _1ZrXcsbATVL_kHOpFAan9k">国际生态学杂志</gydF4y2Bah2></a> <button class="article__JournalMenuTitle-sc-10qhnp8-3 dDYYdJ journalNavCheck" id="journalMenuTitle"><span>+</gydF4y2Baspan>杂志菜单</gydF4y2Babutton> <div class="sc-bdVaJa EwsTm isHide" id="fadeOut"></div> <div class="sc-cjHlYL hYnXNL"> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-dRaagA hGCBfz article-toolbar-link" href="//www.newsama.com/downloads/journals/ijecol/2018/3710128.pdf" aria-label="" target="_blank"><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl sc-fEUNkw dfaOeH article_toolbar_icon" title="" role="presentation" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/next_assets/IQyEAurKlbWLJ7u7ASizn/_next/static/node_modules/hindawi-ui/src/icon/svg/pdf.svg" height="24">PDF<gydF4y2Baimg alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl sc-dREXXX cqhPZs" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="24"></a> </div> <nav id="journal__nav" class="sc-hGoxap dEfJbW article__JournalNavigationStyle-sc-10qhnp8-4 gaRePw isHide journalNavCheck"> <div class="sc-giadOv eBepOs journalNavCheck"> <button class="sc-hSdWYo etauus sc-fjmCvl fSPaCp journalNavCheck" color="">日报》概述<gydF4y2Baspan class="sc-htoDjs gvAGTV sc-bHwgHz ctePXh journalNavCheck icon__inactive icon-white _1CwL9R82TPl2HxDleeYGDR icon-themeable" title="" font-size="9"></span><span class="sc-htoDjs gvAGTV sc-bHwgHz ctePXh journalNavCheck icon__active icon-colored icon__hidden _1CwL9R82TPl2HxDleeYGDR icon-themeable" title="" font-size="9"></span></button> </div> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-TFwJa gCIfTO" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijecol/guidelines/" aria-label="For authors">对于作者</gydF4y2Baa> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-TFwJa gCIfTO" href="//www.newsama.com/publish-research/reviewers/" aria-label="For reviewers">对于审查员</gydF4y2Baa> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-TFwJa gCIfTO" href="//www.newsama.com/publish-research/editors/" aria-label="For editors">的编辑器</gydF4y2Baa> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-TFwJa gCIfTO" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijecol/contents/year/2021/" aria-label="Table of Contents">表的内容</gydF4y2Baa> <div class="sc-giadOv eBepOs journalNavCheck"> <button class="sc-hSdWYo etauus sc-fjmCvl bVEEaH journalNavCheck" color="">特殊的问题<gydF4y2Baspan class="sc-htoDjs gvAGTV sc-bHwgHz ctePXh journalNavCheck icon__inactive icon-white _1CwL9R82TPl2HxDleeYGDR icon-themeable" title="" font-size="9"></span><span class="sc-htoDjs gvAGTV sc-bHwgHz ctePXh journalNavCheck icon__active icon-colored icon__hidden _1CwL9R82TPl2HxDleeYGDR icon-themeable" title="" font-size="9"></span></button> </div> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-jtRfpW hHKuAX submit__button journalNavCheck" href="https://review.hindawi.com/submit?journal=ijecol" aria-label="" target="" id=""><span><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl sc-kTUwUJ jUTgTa" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="24"><span class="text">提交</gydF4y2Baspan></span><span class="sc-htoDjs kNoiZu sc-dqBHgY cQgXqt fileArrow icon-colored undefined icon-themeable" title="" font-size="16"></span></a> <div class="sc-krDsej ewCAZX hide__submenu journalSubmenuCheck" id="journalnav__submenu"> <button class="sc-itybZL kdvWPs journalSubmenuCheck"><span class="sc-htoDjs gvAGTV sc-fzsDOv hAFFGk journalSubmenuCheck icon-colored _1CwL9R82TPl2HxDleeYGDR icon-themeable" title="" font-size="9"></span></button> </div> <div class="sc-dTdPqK lkWWFY hide__submenu journal__nav__desktop" id="journalnav__submenudesktop"> <div order="0" class="sc-kUaPvJ ehYbwJ"> <div class="sc-gPWkxV legory"></div> <div class="sc-gPWkxV legory"></div> </div> <div class="sc-jVODtj epgILe"></div> <span class="sc-fONwsr kCfRMJ"></span> </div> </nav> </div> <div class="sc-nrwXf byflLi breadcrumb__wrapper journal_article__BreadCrumbStyle-sc-12fk6zy-2 bjwAQR article"> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-eitiEO jXeALb breadCrumb" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijecol/" aria-label="International Journal of Ecology">国际生态学杂志</gydF4y2Baa>/<gydF4y2Baa class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-eitiEO jXeALb breadCrumb" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijecol/contents/year/2018/" aria-label="2018">2018年</gydF4y2Baa>/<gydF4y2Baspan class="sc-bhlBdH UVThf">文章</gydF4y2Baspan> </div> <div class="threeColumn__ThreeColumnWrapper-sc-1bf4078-0 dDyxFF threeColumnWrapper"> <div class="threeColumn__LeftWrapper-sc-1bf4078-1 fkVFlF leftWrapper"> <button type="button" class="sc-eKZiaR dzZrgS section__button " id="sectionButton"><span class="sc-htoDjs diutvq icon__dots dots__detector icon-colored _3n-7Ho7DlfjMlZbrRr9Q4a icon-themeable" title="" font-size="22"></span>文章部分</gydF4y2Babutton> <div class="sc-bEjcJn jLUVhb static_contents__section_links links__hidden "> <div id="leftSectionMenu" class="sc-cbkKFq prcY sc-bGbJRg dVCLgr left_section_menu"> <p>在这一页上</pgydF4y2Ba> <span class="sc-likbZx bBmZJZ grey" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-ePZHVD ewHMLz" href="#abstract" aria-label="">文摘</gydF4y2Baa></span> <span class="sc-likbZx bBmZJZ grey" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-ePZHVD ewHMLz" href="#introduction" aria-label="">介绍</gydF4y2Baa></span> <span class="sc-likbZx bBmZJZ grey" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-ePZHVD ewHMLz" href="#materials-and-methods" aria-label="">材料和方法</gydF4y2Baa></span> <span class="sc-likbZx bBmZJZ grey" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-ePZHVD ewHMLz" href="#results" aria-label="">结果</gydF4y2Baa></span> <span class="sc-likbZx bBmZJZ grey" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-ePZHVD ewHMLz" href="#discussion" aria-label="">讨论</gydF4y2Baa></span> <span class="sc-likbZx bBmZJZ grey" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-ePZHVD ewHMLz" href="#conclusions" aria-label="">结论</gydF4y2Baa></span> <span class="sc-likbZx bBmZJZ grey" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-ePZHVD ewHMLz" href="#data-availability" aria-label="">数据可用性</gydF4y2Baa></span> <span class="sc-likbZx bBmZJZ grey" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-ePZHVD ewHMLz" href="#conflicts-of-interest" aria-label="">的利益冲突</gydF4y2Baa></span> <span class="sc-likbZx bBmZJZ grey" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-ePZHVD ewHMLz" href="#acknowledgments" aria-label="">确认</gydF4y2Baa></span> <span class="sc-likbZx bBmZJZ grey" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-ePZHVD ewHMLz" href="#references" aria-label="">引用</gydF4y2Baa></span> <span class="sc-likbZx bBmZJZ grey" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-ePZHVD ewHMLz" href="#copyright" aria-label="">版权</gydF4y2Baa></span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="threeColumn__ContentWrapper-sc-1bf4078-3 bbzREB contentWrapper"> <div class="threeColumn__Content-sc-1bf4078-4 jknsZc content"> <div class="articleContent__ArticleContentsWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-0 eSvjPB article_contents"> <div class="articleContent__ArticleContentsSectionsWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-1 jntdRu article_contents__sections_wrapper"> <div class="articleContent__ArticleWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-2 hAzjHP"> <div class="sc-chbbiW mBGSe article_header_class"> <p class="sc-kZmsYB bkiEfx article_type">研究文章|<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->开放获取</pgydF4y2Ba> <div class="sc-RcBXQ ztvYg article_citation"> 体积<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> 2018年<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> <span class="sc-fZwumE cUsFHx">|</gydF4y2Baspan>文章的ID<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> 3710128<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> <span class="sc-fZwumE cUsFHx">|</gydF4y2Baspan> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-fQejPQ duuwge" href="https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/3710128" aria-label="Doi-link">https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/3710128</gydF4y2Baa> </div> <div class="sc-LKuAh lcOiDF article_full_citation"> <div class="sc-hzNEM gsmOCv isHide"> <p>斯蒂芬妮Stiegel,茉莉花Mantilla-Contreras<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> ”<gydF4y2Baspan class="adjust-article-svg-size">环境影响的实验研究:叶性状的少年<gydF4y2Bai>Fagus sylvatica</gydF4y2Bai>,<gydF4y2Bai>宏碁pseudoplatanus</gydF4y2Bai>,<gydF4y2Bai>鹅耳枥</gydF4y2Bai>相当成熟的树木的叶子上的树冠吗</gydF4y2Baspan>”,<gydF4y2Ba!-- --><i>国际生态学杂志</gydF4y2Bai>,<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> 卷。<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->2018年<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> 文章的ID<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->3710128<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> 8<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->   页面<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> 2018年<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->。<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/3710128</pgydF4y2Ba> </div> <button class="sc-hSdWYo etauus sc-iBEsjs kPshFw" color="">显示引用</gydF4y2Babutton> </div> <h1 class="sc-iRbamj jZOxOO sc-iSDuPN gbcGIy article_title adjust-article-svg-size heading-title">环境影响的实验研究:叶性状的少年<gydF4y2Bai>Fagus sylvatica</gydF4y2Bai>,<gydF4y2Bai>宏碁pseudoplatanus</gydF4y2Bai>,<gydF4y2Bai>鹅耳枥</gydF4y2Bai>相当成熟的树木的叶子上的树冠吗</gydF4y2Bah1> </div> <div class="sc-jrIrqw eHMFfo article_authors"> <hr class="sc-cEvuZC XkrFe hr__author"> <span class=""><b>斯蒂芬妮Stiegel</gydF4y2Bab><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link" href="mailto:" aria-label="Mail Option"><span class="sc-htoDjs kNoiZu sc-hjRWVT irNWJI icon-colored _2zt-1j0LmaF8UjTQAM413G icon-themeable" title="" font-size="16"></span></a><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link" href="http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7315-0227" aria-label="Redirect to Doi" target="_blank"><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje iiusBg sc-iybRtq iQSObO" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="16"></a><sup>1</gydF4y2Basup>和</gydF4y2Baspan> <span class="">茉莉花Mantilla-Contreras<gydF4y2Basup>1</gydF4y2Basup></span> <div class="sc-fHxwqH dMuGGA isHide"> <p><sup>1</gydF4y2Basup><span>来自大学的生物学和化学研究所,31141年“顺藤摸瓜,德国</gydF4y2Baspan></p> </div> <button class="sc-hSdWYo etauus sc-iQtOjA kfDwZY" color="">显示更多</gydF4y2Babutton> </div> <div class="articleContent__EditorWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-3 evMkvU"> <div class="articleContent__TextWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-8 fYrLtk"> <b>学术编辑器:</gydF4y2Bab>贝拉Tothmeresz</gydF4y2Badiv> <div class="articleContent__PublicationTimeLineWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-4 fjviok"> <div class="articleContent__PublcationCol-sc-2yl9jy-5 hgKieC notPublished"> <span class="articleContent__PublicationField-sc-2yl9jy-6 cIribm">收到了</gydF4y2Baspan> <span class="articleContent__PublicationValue-sc-2yl9jy-7 khHUcu">2018年6月18日</gydF4y2Baspan> </div> <div class="articleContent__PublcationCol-sc-2yl9jy-5 hgKieC notPublished"> <span class="articleContent__PublicationField-sc-2yl9jy-6 cIribm">接受</gydF4y2Baspan> <span class="articleContent__PublicationValue-sc-2yl9jy-7 khHUcu">2018年9月27日</gydF4y2Baspan> </div> <div class="articleContent__PublcationCol-sc-2yl9jy-5 hgKieC isPublished"> <span class="articleContent__PublicationField-sc-2yl9jy-6 cIribm">发表</gydF4y2Baspan> <span class="articleContent__PublicationValue-sc-2yl9jy-7 khHUcu">2018年10月18日</gydF4y2Baspan> </div> </div> </div> <article class="sc-jtRlXQ bfymXb article_body "> <div> <div class="xml-content"> <h4 class="header" id="abstract">文摘</gydF4y2Bah4> <p>形态和功能叶特征像叶子的韧性和养分含量基本上是受到环境的影响,特别是通过光和气候条件。不同光照条件已经确定为一个重要的预测许多树叶的变化特征。然而,叶子适应光建议是次要的。实验研究的目的是分析环境影响(小气候和土壤水分),它们存在于森林的树冠,叶性状的少年<gydF4y2Bai>Fagus sylvatica</gydF4y2Bai>l .(欧洲山毛榉;壳斗科),<gydF4y2Bai>宏碁pseudoplatanus</gydF4y2Bai>l .(无花果枫;无患子科),<gydF4y2Bai>鹅耳枥</gydF4y2Bai>l .(鹅耳枥;桦木科)。实验设计设法模仿两种截然不同的小气候造成不同的温度和空气湿度条件。此外,应用水的灌溉治疗不同程度造成不同的土壤水分条件试验罐。由于治疗,留下的<gydF4y2Bai>c .耳</gydF4y2Bai>显示特定的叶面积下降的趋势(SLA)治疗引起的温暖和干燥的小气候。较低的环境影响SLA甚至更强的土壤水分条件。叶绿素含量较高的治疗中显示较低价值在温室的土壤水分条件<gydF4y2Bai>f . sylvatica</gydF4y2Bai>和<gydF4y2Bai>答:pseudoplatanus</gydF4y2Bai>。趋势符合联合效应的温度、空气湿度和土壤湿度对SLA,叶片叶绿素含量增加引起的轻微的干旱胁迫。植物在温室小气候环境暴露在充足的阳光下指示与上层的树冠在森林。之间的可比性SLA和叶绿素含量的叶子成熟<gydF4y2Bai>f . sylvatica</gydF4y2Bai>树木的树冠上部和少年的树木温室建议类似的环境条件,而不是个体发育的影响负责叶性状特征的形成。</pgydF4y2Ba> <span class="end-abs"></span> <h4 id="introduction">1。介绍</gydF4y2Bah4> <p>形态和功能叶特征本质上是受到环境的影响,特别是通过光和气候条件。气候变化(温度和空气湿度),光可以影响叶的韧性和叶片养分含量氮(N)和碳(C)浓度。虽然叶子树苗,树苗下层木的一个类似的环境中生长,大树需要产生叶子有不同的发展特征,适应不同的环境条件的树冠。</pgydF4y2Ba> <p>的形成柔软的叶子更薄和更大的叶板,由较高的比叶面积(SLA),是一种常见的应对潮湿环境(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B1">1</gydF4y2Baa>- - - - - -<gydF4y2Baa href="#B3">3</gydF4y2Baa>]。此外,高温还会导致SLA的增加,但这强烈取决于足够的土壤含水量(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B4">4</gydF4y2Baa>]。土壤水分含量低,而导致对植物水分胁迫情况下。作为回报,水分胁迫会导致sclerophylly [<gydF4y2Baa href="#B5">5</gydF4y2Baa>),导致增厚,硬叶抗水分的损失。Sclerophylly位于酚类化合物的积累和叶组织的木质化<gydF4y2Baa href="#B6">6</gydF4y2Baa>,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B7">7</gydF4y2Baa>]。</pgydF4y2Ba> <p>叶片N含量尤其受光照条件影响(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B8">8</gydF4y2Baa>,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B9">9</gydF4y2Baa>]。引起叶子通常显示增加叶片N含量相比阴影离开(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B10">10</gydF4y2Baa>,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B11">11</gydF4y2Baa>]。尽管如此,叶N模式内容也依赖于树荫下公差的树种。在低光环境中,增加了叶片N的浓度是一个战略划分为更高效的光收获(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B12">12</gydF4y2Baa>]。此外,湿度水平也会影响叶片养分浓度。低土壤水分条件下的干燥环境中,导致水分胁迫寄主植物,增加N含量在植物组织(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B13">13</gydF4y2Baa>]。</pgydF4y2Ba> <p>不同光照条件已经确定为一个重要的预测森林的树冠内许多叶性状的变化(例如,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B14">14</gydF4y2Baa>,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B15">15</gydF4y2Baa>])。叶特征趋势被托马斯(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B16">16</gydF4y2Baa>)可能会影响叶片适应环境条件(光)和植物个体发生(树大小)。然而,叶子适应光建议是次要的。研究控制光效果(例如,比较open-grown树苗和上冠树的叶子)表明,个体发育的叶韧性和食草性的变化不能完全由环境中适应反应阳光和阴影<gydF4y2Baa href="#B17">17</gydF4y2Baa>,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B18">18</gydF4y2Baa>]。强找到树的大小对叶韧性的影响独立于冠暴露(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B16">16</gydF4y2Baa>]。减少SLA和相关叶特性(叶组织密度和木质化)树的末尾个体发生也注意到独立的阳光和阴影适应(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B19">19</gydF4y2Baa>- - - - - -<gydF4y2Baa href="#B22">22</gydF4y2Baa>]。此外,个体发育的特征变化的大小大于对研究记录的光适应反应(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B18">18</gydF4y2Baa>,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B23">23</gydF4y2Baa>- - - - - -<gydF4y2Baa href="#B26">26</gydF4y2Baa>]。</pgydF4y2Ba> <p>实验研究的目的是分析环境影响,它们存在于森林的树冠,叶性状的少年<gydF4y2Bai>Fagus sylvatica</gydF4y2Bai>l .(欧洲山毛榉;壳斗科),<gydF4y2Bai>宏碁pseudoplatanus</gydF4y2Bai>l .(无花果枫;无患子科),<gydF4y2Bai>鹅耳枥</gydF4y2Bai>l .(鹅耳枥;桦木科)。后的两个假设进行测试:(1)高温和低空气湿度增加叶韧性和较低的土壤水分条件,和(2)增加叶片N含量较低的土壤水分条件。</pgydF4y2Ba> <h4 id="materials-and-methods">2。材料和方法</gydF4y2Bah4> <h5 id="sec2.1">2.1。设置</gydF4y2Bah5> <p>植物个体的<gydF4y2Bai>Fagus sylvatica</gydF4y2Bai>l .(欧洲山毛榉;壳斗科),<gydF4y2Bai>宏碁pseudoplatanus</gydF4y2Bai>l .(无花果枫;无患子科),<gydF4y2Bai>鹅耳枥</gydF4y2Bai>l .(鹅耳枥;桦木科)和一个2岁和一个高度约50 - 80厘米(穆勒Munchehof、Seesen、德国)种植在试验锅2013年8月(见图<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijecol/2018/3710128/fig1/" target="_blank">1(一)</gydF4y2Baa>)。50%的混合土(Fruhstorfer立刻Typ T, HAWITA, Vechta,德国)和50%的沙子(Estrich砂粒径= 0 - 2毫米,Tonsmeier,顺藤摸瓜,德国)是作为衬底。两个温室(大小:6 x28 m)安装不同紫外线渗透温室电影(国旗欧元4和国旗太阳5清楚圣,国旗专业园艺,德恩巴赫,德国)2014年3月,创造独特的气候条件(见图<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijecol/2018/3710128/fig1/" target="_blank">1 (b)</gydF4y2Baa>)。植物保护产品(Munsingen Micula、Biofa AG),德国)应用于树2014年4月对鸡蛋和个人可能发生在树上的昆虫刺吸人避免食草性实验的植物材料。所有试验罐与蚊帐防止昆虫。</pgydF4y2Ba> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig1"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig1"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(一)”name="3710128.fig.001a" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/ijecol/volume-2018/3710128/figures/3710128.fig.001a.svgz"> <br> <strong>(一)</gydF4y2Bastrong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(b)”name="3710128.fig.001b" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/ijecol/volume-2018/3710128/figures/3710128.fig.001b.svgz"> <br> <strong>(b)</gydF4y2Bastrong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs fig-thumbs-fig1"> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(a)"><img alt="(一)”name="3710128.fig.001a" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/ijecol/volume-2018/3710128/figures/3710128.fig.001a.svgz"><br><strong>(一)</gydF4y2Bastrong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(b)"><img alt="(b)”name="3710128.fig.001b" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/ijecol/volume-2018/3710128/figures/3710128.fig.001b.svgz"><br><strong>(b)</gydF4y2Bastrong></button> </div> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev fig-nav-fig1"> <button class="carousel-prev" aria-label="Previous"></button> <button class="carousel-next" aria-label="Next"></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图1</gydF4y2Baspan> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijecol/2018/3710128/fig1/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <div> 实验研究(一)锅包庇<gydF4y2Bai>Fagus sylvatica</gydF4y2Bai>,<gydF4y2Bai>宏碁pseudoplatanus</gydF4y2Bai>,<gydF4y2Bai>鹅耳枥</gydF4y2Bai>树个人(b)在温室1(左)和2(右)在安装现场Samelsonplatz,顺藤摸瓜。</gydF4y2Badiv> </div> </div> </div> <p>10试验的实验设计包括锅为每个树种在温室1和2。操作的小气候和土壤水分被用作治疗审判锅。审判在温室盆1和2都贴上条码LT(低温)和HT(高温)小气候治疗,分别。灌溉代码LW(低水量)和HW(更高的水量)被添加到每个温室试验罐根据土壤水分处理。总的来说,存在四种不同的治疗方法有五个复制每个树种(见表<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijecol/2018/3710128/tab1/" target="_blank">1</gydF4y2Baa>)。</pgydF4y2Ba> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="tab1"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-tab1"> <table class="fixed-width table-group" id="tab1"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <table class="table"> <colgroup> <col style="width:9.23em"> <col style="width:7.84em"> <col style="width:8.15em"> </colgroup> <tbody> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="3"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr class="thead"> <td class="align_left"><b>治疗</gydF4y2Bab></td> <td class="align_center">降低灌溉</tgydF4y2Bad> <td class="align_center">更高的灌溉</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="3"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="align_left">较低的温度</tgydF4y2Bad> <td class="align_center">LTLW</tgydF4y2Bad> <td class="align_center">LTHW</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr> <td class="align_left">更高的温度</tgydF4y2Bad> <td class="align_center">HTLW</tgydF4y2Bad> <td class="align_center">HTHW</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr class="table-tr"> <td colspan="3"> <hr class="tbody-hr"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">表1</gydF4y2Baspan> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijecol/2018/3710128/tab1/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <div> 处理代码代表温度和灌溉水平的组合,用于实验研究。</gydF4y2Badiv> </div> </div> </div> <p>壶是灌溉试验一周两到三次。面向不同数量的灌溉水平降水梯度的最大值和最小值的野外研究(Artern: 59 l / m<gydF4y2Basup>2</gydF4y2Basup>;Wahlsburg: 75 l / m<gydF4y2Basup>2</gydF4y2Basup>)Stiegel<gydF4y2Bai>et al。</gydF4y2Bai>(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B27">27</gydF4y2Baa>]。试验罐的面积是0.03米<gydF4y2Basup>2</gydF4y2Basup>。因此,大量的水被适应试验罐的大小导致每月1.77 l和2.25 l低和高水灌溉治疗,分别。基于严格的条件试验中锅森林网站相比,树总是灌溉土壤干燥时避免个人枯萎。总量的4.96 l和7.08 l水每月(约三倍森林网站)是用于灌溉的试验罐较低和较高的水灌溉,分别。</pgydF4y2Ba> <h5 id="sec2.2">2.2。测量</gydF4y2Bah5> <p>温室测量发生在2014年6月。小气候被评估为空气温度和空气相对湿度。小气候数据每小时测量数据记录器(iButton、模型DS1923格言集成,加利福尼亚,美国)。数据记录器安装在温室中心大约1.5米的高度。土壤水分测量体积含水量(% v v<gydF4y2Basup>−1</gydF4y2Basup>)与土壤水分传感器(FieldScout热带病研究和培训特别规划100年土壤湿度计,极光,伊利诺斯州,美国)使用7.5厘米长棒。5测量土壤水分为每个审判被锅在实验期间为统计分析计算平均值。</pgydF4y2Ba> <p>特定的叶面积(厘米<gydF4y2Basup>2</gydF4y2Basup>g<gydF4y2Basup>1</gydF4y2Basup>)是评估作为叶的韧性指标。相关领域的一个新的叶干燥质量,和较低的SLA值与结构防御(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B28">28</gydF4y2Baa>]。充分发展收集叶子树个人2014年6月(四叶<gydF4y2Bai>f . sylvatica</gydF4y2Bai>和<gydF4y2Bai>c .耳</gydF4y2Bai>和三个叶子的<gydF4y2Bai>答:pseudoplatanus</gydF4y2Bai>)。所有新鲜的叶子与平板扫描仪扫描(CanoScan要110年,佳能、Krefeld,德国),与计算机图像分析系统分析区域WinFOLIA(摄政仪器有限公司、城镇de魁北克,QC,加拿大)。然后,每个叶样本(70°C, 48 h)和干重计算的SLA用作进一步分析平均每个叶子韧性。</pgydF4y2Ba> <p>叶片的叶绿素含量与叶片N含量(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B29">29日</gydF4y2Baa>),因为75%的N内容位于叶绿体(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B30">30.</gydF4y2Baa>]。叶绿素含量、叶片N含量的指标,是衡量ccm - 200 +叶绿素含量计(Opti-Sciences Inc .)、哈德逊,在北半球,美国)。从每棵树个人,四个叶绿素值测量叶绿素含量指数(CCI) 2014年6月。平均值计算为每个治疗每树种(n = 20)。自<gydF4y2Bai>答:pseudoplatanus</gydF4y2Bai>没有生存的治疗用更高的温度和更低的水灌溉,SLA和叶绿素含量都不可能评估。</pgydF4y2Ba> <h5 id="sec2.3">2.3。统计数据</gydF4y2Bah5> <p>重要的测量参数的比较(小气候、土壤水分状况和叶特征)在温室中,统计分析与R版本3.4.1 [<gydF4y2Baa href="#B31">31日</gydF4y2Baa>]。的统计分布参数与Shapiro-Wilk测试评估。根据统计分布,进一步测试与Mann-Whitney小气候和土壤水分进行<gydF4y2Bai>U</gydF4y2Bai>测试和<gydF4y2Bai>t</gydF4y2Bai>以及分别。比较治疗之间的SLA和叶绿素含量进行了方差分析和克鲁斯卡尔-沃利斯,适合其事后使用R包进行测试<gydF4y2Bai>pgrimess</gydF4y2Bai>(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B32">32</gydF4y2Baa>]。</pgydF4y2Ba> <h4 id="results">3所示。结果</gydF4y2Bah4> <p>气候条件由两个温室温度和空气相对湿度不同(见表<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijecol/2018/3710128/tab2/" target="_blank">2</gydF4y2Baa>)。平均温度增加约1.3°C和2.8°C,和相对空气湿度下降约3%和4%在温室2相比,温室1天中午,分别。湿度只有两个温室考虑中午值之间的显著不同。</pgydF4y2Ba> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="tab2"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-tab2"> <table class="fixed-width table-group" id="tab2"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <table class="table"> <colgroup> <col style="width:4.61em"> <col style="width:7.51em"> <col style="width:7.56em"> <col style="width:6.69em"> <col style="width:6.82em"> </colgroup> <tbody> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="5"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr class="thead"> <td class="align_left"><b>气候</gydF4y2Bab></td> <td class="align_center" colspan="2"><b>温度</gydF4y2Bab>(°C)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td class="align_center" colspan="2"><b>相对空气湿度</gydF4y2Bab>(%)</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr class="thead"> <td class="align_left"></td> <td class="align_center">温室1</tgydF4y2Bad> <td class="align_center">温室2</tgydF4y2Bad> <td class="align_center">温室1</tgydF4y2Bad> <td class="align_center">温室2</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="5"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="align_left">一天</tgydF4y2Bad> <td class="align_center">21.4 (16.7,27.9)<gydF4y2Basup>一个</gydF4y2Basup></td> <td class="align_center">22.7 (17.2,30.0)<gydF4y2Basup>B</gydF4y2Basup></td> <td class="align_center">58 (80)<gydF4y2Basup>一个</gydF4y2Basup></td> <td class="align_center">55 (79)<gydF4y2Basup>一个</gydF4y2Basup></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="align_left">中午</tgydF4y2Bad> <td class="align_center">26.5 (22.3,31.5)<gydF4y2Basup>一个</gydF4y2Basup></td> <td class="align_center">29.3 (24.1,35.9)<gydF4y2Basup>B</gydF4y2Basup></td> <td class="align_center">41(33岁,52)<gydF4y2Basup>一个</gydF4y2Basup></td> <td class="align_center">37(28日49)<gydF4y2Basup>B</gydF4y2Basup></td> </tr> <tr class="table-tr"> <td colspan="5"> <hr class="tbody-hr"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">表2</gydF4y2Baspan> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijecol/2018/3710128/tab2/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <div> 气候条件由温度和空气相对湿度在天(5 9点;n = 1020),中午(11 am-2点;n = 60) 2014年6月在温室1和2。值表示中位数和四分位范围(IQR =第一四分位数,第三四分位数)。大写字母表示显著差异之间的温度和空气相对湿度使用Mann-Whitney温室<gydF4y2Bai>U</gydF4y2Bai>测试(<gydF4y2Bai>p</gydF4y2Bai>< 0.05)。</gydF4y2Badiv> </div> </div> </div> <p>土壤水分条件通过更高的治疗增加温室灌溉所有树种。平均值的体积含水量增加约6%,4%和3%的灌溉试验的高<gydF4y2Bai>f . sylvatica</gydF4y2Bai>,<gydF4y2Bai>答:pseudoplatanus</gydF4y2Bai>,<gydF4y2Bai>c .耳</gydF4y2Bai>,分别。统计分析显示显著差异锅包含受审<gydF4y2Bai>f . sylvatica</gydF4y2Bai>和<gydF4y2Bai>答:pseudoplatanus</gydF4y2Bai>树(见表<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijecol/2018/3710128/tab3/" target="_blank">3</gydF4y2Baa>)。</pgydF4y2Ba> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="tab3"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-tab3"> <table class="fixed-width table-group" id="tab3"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <table class="table"> <colgroup> <col style="width:9.37em"> <col style="width:7.84em"> <col style="width:8.15em"> </colgroup> <tbody> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="3"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr class="thead"> <td class="align_left"><b>试验罐物种</gydF4y2Bab></td> <td class="align_center" colspan="2"><b>土壤水分</gydF4y2Bab>(% v v<gydF4y2Basup>1</gydF4y2Basup>)</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr class="thead"> <td class="align_left"></td> <td class="align_center">降低灌溉</tgydF4y2Bad> <td class="align_center">更高的灌溉</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="3"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="align_left"><i>Fagus sylvatica</gydF4y2Bai></td> <td class="align_center">18.9 (±2.2)<gydF4y2Basup>一个</gydF4y2Basup></td> <td class="align_center">24.6 (±4.3)<gydF4y2Basup>B</gydF4y2Basup></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="align_left"><i>宏碁pseudoplatanus</gydF4y2Bai></td> <td class="align_center">21.6 (±3.9)<gydF4y2Basup>一个</gydF4y2Basup></td> <td class="align_center">25.3 (±3.0)<gydF4y2Basup>B</gydF4y2Basup></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="align_left"><i>鹅耳枥</gydF4y2Bai></td> <td class="align_center">19.6 (±2.4)<gydF4y2Basup>一个</gydF4y2Basup></td> <td class="align_center">22.4 (±4.3)<gydF4y2Basup>一个</gydF4y2Basup></td> </tr> <tr class="table-tr"> <td colspan="3"> <hr class="tbody-hr"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">表3</gydF4y2Baspan> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijecol/2018/3710128/tab3/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <div> 土壤水分条件的比较(体积含水量)试验罐之间的低和高灌溉治疗三个树种(n = 10,每个物种)。平均值和标准偏差。使用大写字母表示显著性差异<gydF4y2Bai>t</gydF4y2Bai>以及(<gydF4y2Bai>f . sylvatica</gydF4y2Bai>:<gydF4y2Bai>p</gydF4y2Bai>= 0.003,df = 13<gydF4y2Bai>;答:pseudoplatanus</gydF4y2Bai>:<gydF4y2Bai>p</gydF4y2Bai>= 0.028<gydF4y2Bai>,</gydF4y2Bai>df = 18;<gydF4y2Bai>c .耳</gydF4y2Bai>:<gydF4y2Bai>p</gydF4y2Bai>= 0.079,df = 18)。</gydF4y2Badiv> </div> </div> </div> <p>平均SLA值最高<gydF4y2Bai>f . sylvatica</gydF4y2Bai>(173厘米<gydF4y2Basup>2</gydF4y2Basup>g<gydF4y2Basup>1</gydF4y2Basup>±25.9 SD),中间<gydF4y2Bai>答:pseudoplatanus</gydF4y2Bai>(167厘米<gydF4y2Basup>2</gydF4y2Basup>g<gydF4y2Basup>1</gydF4y2Basup>±20.3 SD),最低<gydF4y2Bai>c .耳</gydF4y2Bai>(155厘米<gydF4y2Basup>2</gydF4y2Basup>g<gydF4y2Basup>1</gydF4y2Basup>±20.8 SD)。不同治疗之间的SLA(小气候和土壤水分)只是礼物<gydF4y2Bai>c .耳</gydF4y2Bai>但不是<gydF4y2Bai>f . sylvatica</gydF4y2Bai>和<gydF4y2Bai>答:pseudoplatanus</gydF4y2Bai>(见图<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijecol/2018/3710128/fig2/" target="_blank">2</gydF4y2Baa>)。比叶面积<gydF4y2Bai>c .耳</gydF4y2Bai>在温度降低的温室2温室相比,1只不同显著较低的灌溉处理相比,其他三个处理组合。</pgydF4y2Ba> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig2"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig2"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(一)”name="3710128.fig.002a" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/ijecol/volume-2018/3710128/figures/3710128.fig.002a.svgz"> <br> <strong>(一)</gydF4y2Bastrong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(b)”name="3710128.fig.002b" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/ijecol/volume-2018/3710128/figures/3710128.fig.002b.svgz"> <br> <strong>(b)</gydF4y2Bastrong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(c)”name="3710128.fig.002c" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/ijecol/volume-2018/3710128/figures/3710128.fig.002c.svgz"> <br> <strong>(c)</gydF4y2Bastrong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs fig-thumbs-fig2"> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(a)"><img alt="(一)”name="3710128.fig.002a" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/ijecol/volume-2018/3710128/figures/3710128.fig.002a.svgz"><br><strong>(一)</gydF4y2Bastrong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(b)"><img alt="(b)”name="3710128.fig.002b" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/ijecol/volume-2018/3710128/figures/3710128.fig.002b.svgz"><br><strong>(b)</gydF4y2Bastrong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(c)"><img alt="(c)”name="3710128.fig.002c" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/ijecol/volume-2018/3710128/figures/3710128.fig.002c.svgz"><br><strong>(c)</gydF4y2Bastrong></button> </div> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev fig-nav-fig2"> <button class="carousel-prev" aria-label="Previous"></button> <button class="carousel-next" aria-label="Next"></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图2</gydF4y2Baspan> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijecol/2018/3710128/fig2/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <div> 比叶面积(SLA)(一)<gydF4y2Bai>Fagus sylvatica</gydF4y2Bai>(n = 20), (b)<gydF4y2Bai>宏碁pseudoplatanus</gydF4y2Bai>(n = 15)和(c)<gydF4y2Bai>鹅耳枥</gydF4y2Bai>(n = 18)为不同的温室实验治疗。箱线图是用大写字母表示显著差异或“n。使用“无意义的差异(一)克鲁斯卡尔-沃利斯和事后测试(<gydF4y2Bai>p</gydF4y2Bai>< 0.05;df = 3)和(c)方差分析和图基HSD (<gydF4y2Bai>p</gydF4y2Bai>< 0.05,df = 3)。治疗:LTLW,较低的温度和较低的灌溉;LTHW,更低的温度和更高的灌溉;HTLW,更高的温度和更低的灌溉;HTHW,更高的温度和更高的灌溉。</gydF4y2Badiv> </div> </div> </div> <p>叶绿素含量对所有树种平均相似值介于7.1 CCI±2.7 SD (<gydF4y2Bai>答:pseudoplatanus</gydF4y2Bai>CCI), 7.4±2.7 SD (<gydF4y2Bai>c .耳</gydF4y2Bai>CCI)和8.2±2.0 SD (<gydF4y2Bai>f . sylvatica</gydF4y2Bai>)。根据实验灌溉处理,叶叶绿素含量显著不同<gydF4y2Bai>f . sylvatica</gydF4y2Bai>和<gydF4y2Bai>答:pseudoplatanus</gydF4y2Bai>但不是<gydF4y2Bai>c .耳</gydF4y2Bai>(见图<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijecol/2018/3710128/fig3/" target="_blank">3</gydF4y2Baa>)。<gydF4y2Bai>鹅耳枥</gydF4y2Bai>叶子显示,治疗低叶绿素含量较高的土壤水分条件下温室。叶绿素含量的树具有相同灌溉治疗两个温室之间没有显著差异。</pgydF4y2Ba> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig3"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig3"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(一)”name="3710128.fig.003a" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/ijecol/volume-2018/3710128/figures/3710128.fig.003a.svgz"> <br> <strong>(一)</gydF4y2Bastrong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(b)”name="3710128.fig.003b" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/ijecol/volume-2018/3710128/figures/3710128.fig.003b.svgz"> <br> <strong>(b)</gydF4y2Bastrong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(c)”name="3710128.fig.003c" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/ijecol/volume-2018/3710128/figures/3710128.fig.003c.svgz"> <br> <strong>(c)</gydF4y2Bastrong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs fig-thumbs-fig3"> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(a)"><img alt="(一)”name="3710128.fig.003a" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/ijecol/volume-2018/3710128/figures/3710128.fig.003a.svgz"><br><strong>(一)</gydF4y2Bastrong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(b)"><img alt="(b)”name="3710128.fig.003b" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/ijecol/volume-2018/3710128/figures/3710128.fig.003b.svgz"><br><strong>(b)</gydF4y2Bastrong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(c)"><img alt="(c)”name="3710128.fig.003c" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/ijecol/volume-2018/3710128/figures/3710128.fig.003c.svgz"><br><strong>(c)</gydF4y2Bastrong></button> </div> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev fig-nav-fig3"> <button class="carousel-prev" aria-label="Previous"></button> <button class="carousel-next" aria-label="Next"></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图3</gydF4y2Baspan> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijecol/2018/3710128/fig3/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <div> 叶绿素含量(一个)<gydF4y2Bai>Fagus sylvatica</gydF4y2Bai>(n = 20), (b)<gydF4y2Bai>宏碁pseudoplatanus</gydF4y2Bai>(n = 15)和(c)<gydF4y2Bai>鹅耳枥</gydF4y2Bai>(n = 20)为不同的温室实验治疗。箱线图是用大写字母表示显著差异利用克鲁斯卡尔-沃利斯和事后测试(<gydF4y2Bai>p</gydF4y2Bai>< 0.05;df = 3)或“n。“不重要的差异。治疗:LTLW,较低的温度和较低的灌溉;LTHW,更低的温度和更高的灌溉;HTLW,更高的温度和更低的灌溉;HTHW,更高的温度和更高的灌溉。</gydF4y2Badiv> </div> </div> </div> <h4 id="discussion">4所示。讨论</gydF4y2Bah4> <p>实验设计设法模仿两种截然不同的小气候造成不同的温度和空气湿度条件。此外,应用水的灌溉治疗不同程度造成不同的土壤水分条件试验罐。不同土壤水分条件下与树个人不同的水资源。的治疗,<gydF4y2Bai>c .耳</gydF4y2Bai>显示不同叶韧性(SLA),和<gydF4y2Bai>f . sylvatica</gydF4y2Bai>和<gydF4y2Bai>答:pseudoplatanus</gydF4y2Bai>在叶绿素含量不同(表明叶片N含量)。</pgydF4y2Ba> <p>植物在温室小气候环境暴露在充足的阳光下指示与树冠上部混合落叶林站在德国中部[<gydF4y2Baa href="#B27">27</gydF4y2Baa>]。日平均温度上的树冠领域研究低1.5和2.8°C和相对空气湿度条件11和温室1和2相比高出14%的试验研究,分别。不同的温度和空气相对湿度的大小上下的树冠之间(分别为1.1°C和5%)的森林站(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B27">27</gydF4y2Baa>)与本研究的两个温室的区别(1.3°C和3%,分别)。</pgydF4y2Ba> <p>三个少年树种的SLA (<gydF4y2Bai>f . sylvatica</gydF4y2Bai>,<gydF4y2Bai>答:pseudoplatanus</gydF4y2Bai>,<gydF4y2Bai>c .耳</gydF4y2Bai>SLA)在这个实验温室研究类似于成熟的价值观<gydF4y2Bai>f . sylvatica</gydF4y2Bai>在上层的树冠上,代表不到一半的SLA值被发现火情的森林树种的站(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B27">27</gydF4y2Baa>]。上树冠之间的可比叶韧性(成熟的树木)和温室(少年树)相似的环境条件,而不是个体发育的影响表明,负责叶性状特征的形成。上的树冠和温室都暴露在充满阳光,树木和树叶的少年在较低的温室SLA值表现出太阳留下的典型模式。一般来说,下降的SLA可以诱导光条件,因为增加了叶片厚度(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B33">33</gydF4y2Baa>]。厚的太阳的叶子<gydF4y2Bai>f . sylvatica</gydF4y2Bai>相比具有较低的SLA阴影更薄叶片的叶(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B34">34</gydF4y2Baa>]。</pgydF4y2Ba> <p>叶片叶绿素含量下降约50%的试验研究相比,测量值在该领域的研究(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B27">27</gydF4y2Baa>]。的光合作用,叶绿素含量取决于调节光照条件的影响。叶绿素含量的研究现状对比结果论模式基于光照条件。太阳的叶子<gydF4y2Bai>f . sylvatica</gydF4y2Bai>显示的叶绿素含量高于遮荫叶子(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B35">35</gydF4y2Baa>),与其他阴叶树种,比太阳叶子含有更多的叶绿素(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B36">36</gydF4y2Baa>]。高光照条件的温室可能造成低三个树种叶片的叶绿素含量。此外,这种效应可以增强通过降低叶绿素含量影响的水供应。</pgydF4y2Ba> <p>的叶子<gydF4y2Bai>c .耳</gydF4y2Bai>显示下降趋势SLA治疗引起的温暖和干燥的小气候。环境影响SLA甚至更强的较低的土壤水分条件,因此支持第一个假说。这一趋势是根据温度和空气湿度的SLA (<gydF4y2Baa href="#B1">1</gydF4y2Baa>- - - - - -<gydF4y2Baa href="#B3">3</gydF4y2Baa>),考虑土壤水分的重要因素(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B4">4</gydF4y2Baa>]。根据基本的植物生理学、干旱试验与盆栽树苗或树苗显示减少SLA减少供水(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B37">37</gydF4y2Baa>,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B38">38</gydF4y2Baa>]。相比之下,<gydF4y2Bai>f . sylvatica</gydF4y2Bai>和<gydF4y2Bai>答:pseudoplatanus</gydF4y2Bai>没有展示在SLA所造成的重大变化实验治疗。而<gydF4y2Bai>f . sylvatica</gydF4y2Bai>和<gydF4y2Bai>答:pseudoplatanus</gydF4y2Bai>最丰富的森林群落中土壤干旱是罕见的,<gydF4y2Bai>c .耳</gydF4y2Bai>生长在常规或情景夏季干旱的地区<gydF4y2Baa href="#B39">39</gydF4y2Baa>]。<gydF4y2Bai>鹅耳枥</gydF4y2Bai>是已知较小的水通量水平/树相比更大的水通量水平中遇到<gydF4y2Bai>f . sylvatica</gydF4y2Bai>和<gydF4y2Bai>答:pseudoplatanus</gydF4y2Bai>(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B40">40</gydF4y2Baa>]。</pgydF4y2Ba> <p>一般来说,干旱敏感性不同树种之间的不同。的确,<gydF4y2Bai>c .耳</gydF4y2Bai>揭示干旱敏感性比较低<gydF4y2Bai>f . sylvatica</gydF4y2Bai>和<gydF4y2Bai>答:pseudoplatanus</gydF4y2Bai>(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B40">40</gydF4y2Baa>]。潜在的,<gydF4y2Bai>c .耳</gydF4y2Bai>反应作为一种适应策略较低的SLA,导致叶韧性增加,生存在温暖干燥的环境中,这是被实验治疗。这是按照SLA的范围,从而增加的序列<gydF4y2Bai>答:pseudoplatanus</gydF4y2Bai><<gydF4y2Bai>f . sylvatica</gydF4y2Bai><<gydF4y2Bai>c .耳</gydF4y2Bai>(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B41">41</gydF4y2Baa>]<gydF4y2Bai>。</gydF4y2Bai>关于<gydF4y2Bai>答:pseudoplatanus</gydF4y2Bai>治疗下,树个人成长较低的水供应在温暖和干燥温室没有生存必须考虑。相比其他两个树种,树叶<gydF4y2Bai>答:pseudoplatanus</gydF4y2Bai>最大的规模,这可能会导致更高的水需求导致树的干燥。</pgydF4y2Ba> <p>在实验研究中,不同的叶绿素含量之间不存在两个温室,但对于灌溉治疗,叶子显示,治疗低叶绿素含量较高的土壤水分条件下温室。叶绿素含量的显著差异被确定<gydF4y2Bai>f . sylvatica</gydF4y2Bai>和<gydF4y2Bai>答:pseudoplatanus</gydF4y2Bai>。植物的生理状态,影响光合作用的过程,是供水的强烈影响。干旱胁迫对叶绿素含量的变化的影响已经被充分研究过。一般来说,干旱胁迫可以通过叶绿素含量的变化,限制植物生长呼吸,和营养代谢<gydF4y2Baa href="#B42">42</gydF4y2Baa>]。叶绿素含量显著减少通过干旱胁迫的情况下<gydF4y2Baa href="#B43">43</gydF4y2Baa>- - - - - -<gydF4y2Baa href="#B45">45</gydF4y2Baa>]。然而,一个轻微的干旱胁迫能增加叶片叶绿素含量(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B46">46</gydF4y2Baa>]。可能降低灌溉治疗引起的轻度干旱胁迫条件树的人<gydF4y2Bai>f . sylvatica</gydF4y2Bai>和<gydF4y2Bai>答:pseudoplatanus</gydF4y2Bai>与叶绿素含量增加的反应。这也是符合的干旱敏感性更高<gydF4y2Bai>f . sylvatica</gydF4y2Bai>和<gydF4y2Bai>答:pseudoplatanus</gydF4y2Bai>相比<gydF4y2Bai>c .耳</gydF4y2Bai>(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B40">40</gydF4y2Baa>]。总之,叶绿素含量的模式,表明叶N浓度,将支持第二个假说<gydF4y2Bai>f . sylvatica</gydF4y2Bai>和<gydF4y2Bai>答:pseudoplatanus</gydF4y2Bai>较低的土壤条件导致叶片N含量的增加。</pgydF4y2Ba> <h4 id="conclusions">5。结论</gydF4y2Bah4> <p>之间的比较具体的叶面积和叶绿素含量的成熟<gydF4y2Bai>f . sylvatica</gydF4y2Bai>树在森林的树冠上部和少年的树木实验温室研究表明类似的环境条件,而不是个体发育的影响负责叶性状特征的形成。</pgydF4y2Ba> <h4 id="data-availability">数据可用性</gydF4y2Bah4> <p>使用的数据来支持本研究的发现可以从相应的作者。</pgydF4y2Ba> <h4 id="conflicts-of-interest">的利益冲突</gydF4y2Bah4> <p>作者宣称没有利益冲突有关的出版。</pgydF4y2Ba> <h4 id="acknowledgments">确认</gydF4y2Bah4> <p>特别感谢将蒂姆•Drissen碧娜拉默斯,为何Patsch, Tsiry Rakatoariosa,船底座劳夫,朱莉娅•Treitler Nastia Trenkamp,罗宾Stadtmann,马克•Watzold和丽贝卡冬季沿着实验研究的支持。作者承认金融支持覆盖成本在开放获取出版Stiftung大学顺藤摸瓜。</pgydF4y2Ba> </div> <div class="xml-content"> <h4 class="references" id="references">引用</gydF4y2Bah4> <ol> <li id="B1">s a·坎宁安,b .一切和m . Westoby”进化分歧叶结构和化学、降雨和土壤养分梯度相比,“<gydF4y2Bai>生态专著</gydF4y2Bai>,卷69,不。4、569 - 588年,1999页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9615(1999)069[0569:EDILSA]2.0.CO;2">出版商的网站</gydF4y2Baa><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Evolutionary%20divergences%20in%20leaf%20structure%20and%20chemistry,%20comparing%20rainfall%20and%20soil%20nutrient%20gradients&author=S. A. Cunningham&author=B. Summerhayes&author=&author=M. Westoby&publication_year=1999" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li> <li id="B2">U。Niinemets”,全球范围内气候控制叶片单位面积干质量、密度和厚度在树木和灌木,”<gydF4y2Bai>生态</gydF4y2Bai>,卷82,不。2、453 - 469年,2001页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://doi.org/10.2307/2679872">出版商的网站</gydF4y2Baa><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Global-scale%20climatic%20controls%20of%20leaf%20dry%20mass%20per%20area,%20density,%20and%20thickness%20in%20trees%20and%20shrubs&author=Ü. Niinemets&publication_year=2001" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li> <li id="B3">a .塞林上校a . Tullus a . Niglas大肠eva, a . Karusion和k . Lohmus”Humidity-driven增长率的变化、光合能力,液压属性和其他功能特征黄桦(桦木属翻车机),“<gydF4y2Bai>生态研究</gydF4y2Bai>,28卷,不。3、523 - 535年,2013页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11284-013-1041-1">出版商的网站</gydF4y2Baa><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Humidity-driven%20changes%20in%20growth%20rate,%20photosynthetic%20capacity,%20hydraulic%20properties%20and%20other%20functional%20traits%20in%20silver%20birch%20(Betula%20pendula)&author=A. Sellin&author=A. Tullus&author=A. Niglas&author=E. Õunapuu&author=A. Karusion&author=&author=K. Lõhmus&publication_year=2013" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li> <li id="B4">z z徐和g s周”,结合水分胁迫和高温度对光合作用的影响,氮代谢和脂质过氧化的多年生草地羊草,”<gydF4y2Bai>足底</gydF4y2Bai>,卷224,不。5,1080 - 1090年,2006页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-006-0281-5">出版商的网站</gydF4y2Baa><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Combined%20effects%20of%20water%20stress%20and%20high%20temperature%20on%20photosynthesis,%20nitrogen%20metabolism%20and%20lipid%20peroxidation%20of%20a%20perennial%20grass%20Leymus%20chinensis&author=Z. Z. Xu &author=G. S. Zhou&publication_year=2006" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li> <li id="B5">f . Bussotti a . Bottacci a . Bartolesi p . Grossoni和c·塔尼语,“Morpho-anatomical改变叶子从山毛榉树(Fagus sylvatica l .)自然水分胁迫的条件下,“<gydF4y2Bai>环境和实验植物学</gydF4y2Bai>,35卷,不。2、201 - 213年,1995页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://doi.org/10.1016/0098-8472(94)00040-C">出版商的网站</gydF4y2Baa><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Morpho-anatomical%20alterations%20in%20leaves%20collected%20from%20beech%20trees%20(Fagus%20sylvatica%20L.)%20in%20conditions%20of%20natural%20water%20stress&author=F. Bussotti&author=A. Bottacci&author=A. Bartolesi&author=P. Grossoni&author=&author=C. Tani&publication_year=1995" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li> <li id="B6">f . Bussotti、p . Grossoni和a . Bottacci”Sclerophylly山毛榉树(Fagus sylvatica l .):与王权的关系透明度、营养状况和夏季干旱,”<gydF4y2Bai>林业</gydF4y2Bai>,卷70,不。3、267 - 271年,1997页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://doi.org/10.1093/forestry/70.3.267">出版商的网站</gydF4y2Baa><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Sclerophylly%20in%20beech%20(Fagus%20sylvatica%20L.)%20trees:%20Its%20relationship%20with%20crown%20transparency,%20nutritional%20status%20and%20summer%20drought&author=F. Bussotti&author=P. Grossoni&author=&author=A. Bottacci&publication_year=1997" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li> <li id="B7">p . Grossoni f . Bussotti c . " e . Gravano s Santarelli和a . Bottacci”Morpho-anatomical山毛榉的叶子变化西尔维Vatica l和l Quercus冬青属植物在不同环境压力条件下,“<gydF4y2Bai>光化层</gydF4y2Bai>,36卷,不。4 - 5,919 - 924年,1998页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(97)10148-5">出版商的网站</gydF4y2Baa><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Morpho-anatomical%20alterations%20in%20leaves%20of%20Fagus%20Syl%20Vatica%20L.%20And%20Quercus%20Ilex%20L.%20in%20different%20environmental%20stress%20condition&author=P. Grossoni&author=F. Bussotti&author=C. Tani&author=E. Gravano&author=S. Santarelli&author=&author=A. Bottacci&publication_year=1998" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li> <li id="B8">p . b .帝国、m·b·沃尔特斯和d·s·埃尔斯沃斯”从热带到苔原:全局收敛性在植物功能,“<gydF4y2Bai>美国国家科学与美利坚合众国</gydF4y2Bai>,卷94,不。25日,第13734 - 13730页,1997年。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.25.13730">出版商的网站</gydF4y2Baa><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=From%20tropics%20to%20tundra:%20global%20convergence%20in%20plant%20functioning&author=P. B. Reich&author=M. B. Walters&author=&author=D. S. Ellsworth&publication_year=1997" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li> <li id="B9">j·赖特,p . b .帝国,m . Westoby et al .,“全球叶经济学光谱,”<gydF4y2Bai>自然</gydF4y2Bai>,卷428,不。6985年,第827 - 821页,2004年。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02403">出版商的网站</gydF4y2Baa><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=The%20worldwide%20leaf%20economics%20spectrum&author=I. J. Wright&author=P. B. Reich&author=M. Westoby et al.&publication_year=2004" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li> <li id="B10">m·福丁和y Mauffette叶子不同林冠层是否适合一个多面手食草动物(鳞翅目:枯叶蛾科)觅食糖枫,“<gydF4y2Bai>加拿大的森林研究》杂志上</gydF4y2Bai>,32卷,不。3、379 - 389年,2002页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://doi.org/10.1139/x01-205">出版商的网站</gydF4y2Baa><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=The%20suitability%20of%20leaves%20from%20different%20canopy%20layers%20for%20a%20generalist%20herbivore%20(Lepidoptera:%20Lasiocampidae)%20foraging%20on%20sugar%20maple&author=M. Fortin &author=Y. Mauffette&publication_year=2002" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li> <li id="B11">k . r .几何、m .福丁和y Mauffette,“温度和食品质量对经济增长的影响,消费和post-ingestive利用效率的森林帐篷毛虫Malacosoma disstria(鳞翅目:枯叶蛾科),“<gydF4y2Bai>《昆虫学研究</gydF4y2Bai>,卷92,不。2、127 - 136年,2002页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Temperature%20and%20food%20quality%20effects%20on%20growth,%20consumption%20and%20post-ingestive%20utilization%20efficiencies%20of%20the%20forest%20tent%20caterpillar%20Malacosoma%20disstria%20(Lepidoptera:%20Lasiocampidae)&author=K. R. Levesque&author=M. Fortin&author=&author=Y. Mauffette&publication_year=2002" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li> <li id="B12">美国Niinemets,”叶碳和氮的分布在树冠Fagus sylvatica:适应垂直光梯度,”<gydF4y2Bai>Acta Oecologica</gydF4y2Bai>,16卷,不。5,525 - 541年,1995页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Distribution%20of%20foliar%20carbon%20and%20nitrogen%20across%20the%20canopy%20of%20Fagus%20sylvatica:%20Adaptation%20to%20a%20vertical%20light%20gradient&author=U. Niinemets&publication_year=1995" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li> <li id="B13">g .鲁阿尔J.-N。Candau, f . Lieutier L.-M。Nageleisen J.-C。马丁,n . Warzee“干旱和高温对森林昆虫种群的影响相对于2003年的干旱在西欧,”<gydF4y2Bai>森林科学年鉴</gydF4y2Bai>,卷63,不。6,613 - 624年,2006页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://doi.org/10.1051/forest:2006044">出版商的网站</gydF4y2Baa><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Effects%20of%20drought%20and%20heat%20on%20forest%20insect%20populations%20in%20relation%20to%20the%202003%20drought%20in%20Western%20Europe&author=G. Rouault&author=J.-N. Candau&author=F. Lieutier&author=L.-M. Nageleisen&author=J.-C. Martin&author=&author=N. Warzée&publication_year=2006" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li> <li id="B14">t . Rijkers、t·l·庞斯和f . Bongers“树高和光线的影响可用性的四个新热带物种不同叶片光合阴影宽容,“<gydF4y2Bai>生态功能</gydF4y2Bai>,14卷,不。1,第86 - 77页,2000。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2435.2000.00395.x">出版商的网站</gydF4y2Baa><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=The%20effect%20of%20tree%20height%20and%20light%20availability%20on%20photosynthetic%20leaf%20traits%20of%20four%20neotropical%20species%20differing%20in%20shade%20tolerance&author=T. Rijkers&author=T. L. Pons&author=&author=F. Bongers&publication_year=2000" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li> <li id="B15">Leal d b和c·托马斯,“垂直梯度和树与树之间拍摄形态学变化和叶片氮古老松果体strobus站起来,“<gydF4y2Bai>加拿大的森林研究》杂志上</gydF4y2Bai>,33卷,不。7,1304 - 1314年,2003页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://doi.org/10.1139/x03-064">出版商的网站</gydF4y2Baa><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Vertical%20gradients%20and%20tree-to-tree%20variation%20in%20shoot%20morphology%20and%20foliar%20nitrogen%20in%20an%20old-growth%20Pinus%20strobus%20stand&author=D. B. Leal &author=S. C. Thomas&publication_year=2003" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li> <li id="B16">s c·托马斯”光合能力的山峰在温带落叶树木,中间尺寸”<gydF4y2Bai>树生理</gydF4y2Bai>,30卷,不。5,555 - 573年,2010页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpq005">出版商的网站</gydF4y2Baa><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Photosynthetic%20capacity%20peaks%20at%20intermediate%20size%20in%20temperate%20deciduous%20trees&author=S. C. Thomas&publication_year=2010" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li> <li id="B17">s c·托马斯和w·e·赢家”,树苗和成年树木光合作用的差异:一个集成结果的荟萃分析,“<gydF4y2Bai>树生理</gydF4y2Bai>,22卷,不。2 - 3、117 - 127年,2002页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/22.2-3.117">出版商的网站</gydF4y2Baa><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Photosynthetic%20differences%20between%20saplings%20and%20adult%20trees:%20An%20integration%20of%20field%20results%20by%20meta-analysis&author=S. C. Thomas &author=W. E. Winner&publication_year=2002" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li> <li id="B18">s . c . Thomas a . j . Sztaba和s·m·史密斯,“食草性模式成熟的糖枫:变化与垂直树冠层和树个体发生,”<gydF4y2Bai>生态昆虫学</gydF4y2Bai>,35卷,不。1,1 - 8,2010页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.2009.01133.x">出版商的网站</gydF4y2Baa><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Herbivory%20patterns%20in%20mature%20sugar%20maple:%20Variation%20with%20vertical%20canopy%20strata%20and%20tree%20ontogeny&author=S. C. Thomas&author=A. J. Sztaba&author=&author=S. M. Smith&publication_year=2010" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li> <li id="B19">m . e .天,m . s .格林伍德,美国白人,“与年龄相关的变化在红云杉叶片形态学和生理学及其影响光合速率下降和生产力与树的年龄,”<gydF4y2Bai>树生理</gydF4y2Bai>,21卷,不。16,1195 - 1204年,2001页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/21.16.1195">出版商的网站</gydF4y2Baa><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Age-related%20changes%20in%20foliar%20morphology%20and%20physiology%20in%20red%20spruce%20and%20their%20influence%20on%20declining%20photosynthetic%20rates%20and%20productivity%20with%20tree%20age&author=M. E. Day&author=M. S. Greenwood&author=&author=A. S. White&publication_year=2001" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li> <li id="B20">U。Niinemets”,气孔导度还不足以解释叶片光合速率的下降和增加树的年龄和大小在挪威云杉和抗旱性,”<gydF4y2Bai>树生理</gydF4y2Bai>,22卷,不。8,515 - 535年,2002页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/22.8.515">出版商的网站</gydF4y2Baa><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Stomatal%20conductance%20alone%20does%20not%20explain%20the%20decline%20in%20foliar%20photosynthetic%20rates%20with%20increasing%20tree%20age%20and%20size%20in%20Picea%20abies%20and%20Pinus%20sylvestris&author=Ü. Niinemets&publication_year=2002" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li> <li id="B21">e .锅岛窑瓷器和t . Hiura大小依赖光合水分和氮肥利用效率和液压限制在宏碁mono,”<gydF4y2Bai>树生理</gydF4y2Bai>,24卷,不。7,745 - 752年,2004页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/24.7.745">出版商的网站</gydF4y2Baa><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Size%20dependency%20of%20photosynthetic%20water-%20and%20nitrogen-use%20efficiency%20and%20hydraulic%20limitation%20in%20Acer%20mono&author=E. Nabeshima &author=T. Hiura&publication_year=2004" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li> <li id="B22">英格兰和p . j . r . m . Attiwill”叶形态学和解剖学变化在丘陵山地常绿物种树的年龄和身高,桉树regnans f . Muell”<gydF4y2Bai>树结构和功能</gydF4y2Bai>,20卷,不。1,第90 - 79页,2006。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-005-0015-5">出版商的网站</gydF4y2Baa><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Changes%20in%20leaf%20morphology%20and%20anatomy%20with%20tree%20age%20and%20height%20in%20the%20broadleaved%20evergreen%20species,%20Eucalyptus%20regnans%20F.%20Muell&author=J. R. Engl&author=&author=P. M. Attiwill&publication_year=2006" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li> <li id="B23">d·s·埃尔斯沃思和p . b .帝国”,叶片单位面积质量、氮含量和光合碳在宏碁蔗糖幼苗在对比森林光环境中,“<gydF4y2Bai>生态功能</gydF4y2Bai>》第六卷,没有。4、423 - 435年,1992页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://doi.org/10.2307/2389280">出版商的网站</gydF4y2Baa><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Leaf%20mass%20per%20area,%20nitrogen%20content%20and%20photosynthetic%20carbon%20gain%20in%20Acer%20saccharum%20seedlings%20in%20contrasting%20forest%20light%20environments&author=D. S. Ellsworth &author=P. B. Reich&publication_year=1992" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li> <li id="B24">d·s·埃尔斯沃思和p . b .帝国”,水关系和宏碁的气体交换蔗糖幼苗对比自然光线和水政权,”<gydF4y2Bai>树生理</gydF4y2Bai>,10卷,不。1,1,1992页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/10.1.1">出版商的网站</gydF4y2Baa><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Water%20relations%20and%20gas%20exchange%20of%20Acer%20saccharum%20seedlings%20in%20contrasting%20natural%20light%20and%20water%20regimes&author=D. S. Ellsworth &author=P. B. Reich&publication_year=1992" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li> <li id="B25">t . w .轮胎沟槽和f . a . Bazzaz”之间的差距分区枫树(宏碁)在新英格兰中部:拍摄架构和光合作用,”<gydF4y2Bai>生态</gydF4y2Bai>,卷75,不。8,2318 - 2332年,1994页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://doi.org/10.2307/1940887">出版商的网站</gydF4y2Baa><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Gap%20partitioning%20among%20maples%20(Acer)%20in%20central%20New%20England:%20Shoot%20architecture%20and%20photosynthesis&author=T. W. Sipe &author=F. A. Bazzaz&publication_year=1994" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li> <li id="B26">m . Beaudet混乱,d . w .希尔伯特e . Lo z . m . Wang Lechowicz和m . j .,“叶子,工厂级碳获得黄桦树,糖枫树,和山毛榉森林幼苗从对比光环境中,“<gydF4y2Bai>加拿大的森林研究》杂志上</gydF4y2Bai>,30卷,不。3、390 - 404年,2000页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://doi.org/10.1139/x99-220">出版商的网站</gydF4y2Baa><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Leaf-%20and%20plant-level%20carbon%20gain%20in%20yellow%20birch,%20sugar%20maple,%20and%20beech%20seedlings%20from%20contrasting%20forest%20light%20environments&author=M. Beaudet&author=C. Messier&author=D. W. Hilbert&author=E. Lo&author=Z. M. Wang&author=&author=M. J. Lechowicz&publication_year=2000" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li> <li id="B27">s . Stiegel m . h . Entling, j . Mantilla-Contreras“阅读叶子的手掌:叶特征和食草性沿着森林小气候梯度层,”<gydF4y2Bai>《公共科学图书馆•综合》</gydF4y2Bai>,12卷,不。1,2017。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Reading%20the%20leaves'%20palm:%20Leaf%20traits%20and%20herbivory%20along%20the%20microclimatic%20gradient%20of%20forest%20layers&author=S. Stiegel&author=M. H. Entling&author=&author=J. Mantilla-Contreras&publication_year=2017" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li> <li id="B28">j . h . c . Cornelissen s Lavorel e·加尼叶et al .,“协议标准化手册,简单测量植物功能性状在世界范围内,“<gydF4y2Bai>澳大利亚植物学杂志》</gydF4y2Bai>,51卷,不。4、335 - 380年,2003页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://doi.org/10.1071/BT02124">出版商的网站</gydF4y2Baa><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=A%20handbook%20of%20protocols%20for%20standardised%20and%20easy%20measurement%20of%20plant%20functional%20traits%20worldwide&author=J. H. C. Cornelissen&author=S. Lavorel&author=E. Garnier et al.&publication_year=2003" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li> <li id="B29">a . k . Van den Berg和t·d·帕金斯,“评价一个便携式叶绿素计估算叶绿素和氮含量糖枫(宏碁蔗糖沼泽。)离开,”<gydF4y2Bai>森林生态与管理</gydF4y2Bai>,卷200,不。1 - 3、113 - 117年,2004页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2004.06.005">出版商的网站</gydF4y2Baa><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Evaluation%20of%20a%20portable%20chlorophyll%20meter%20to%20estimate%20chlorophyll%20and%20nitrogen%20contents%20in%20sugar%20maple%20(Acer%20saccharum%20Marsh.)%20leaves&author=A. K. Van den Berg &author=T. D. Perkins&publication_year=2004" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li> <li id="B30">m . b .人民和m . j .木豆”之间的相互作用蛋白水解作用和氨基酸代谢在衰老和氮的再分配,”<gydF4y2Bai>在植物衰老和衰老</gydF4y2Bai>l . d . Nooden和a·c·利奥波德。圣地亚哥,页181 - 217年,美国,1988年,<gydF4y2Baa target="_blank" href="http://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=US8866793">http://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=US8866793</gydF4y2Baa>。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=The%20interplay%20between%20proteolysis%20and%20amino%20acid%20metabolism%20during%20senescence%20and%20nitrogen%20reallocation&author=M. B. Peoples &author=M. J. Dalling&publication_year=1988" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li> <li id="B31">R核心团队,<gydF4y2Bai>的语言和环境统计计算(网络)</gydF4y2Bai>,R统计计算的基础,维也纳,奥地利,2017年,<gydF4y2Baa target="_blank" href="https://www.R-project.org">https://www.R-project.org</gydF4y2Baa>,2017年。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks"></span></li> <li id="B32">p . Giraudoux“杂项函数数据分析在生态学、特别强调空间数据,”R 1.6.7包版本。<gydF4y2Baa target="_blank" href="https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=pgirmess">https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=pgirmess</gydF4y2Baa>,2017年。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Miscellaneous%20functions%20for%20data%20analysis%20in%20ecology,%20with%20special%20emphasis%20on%20spatial%20data&author=P. Giraudoux" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li> <li id="B33">j . i Yun和s e .泰勒“适应性影响叶片厚度的太阳荫下,落叶的,”<gydF4y2Bai>生态</gydF4y2Bai>,卷67,不。5,1314 - 1318年,1986页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://doi.org/10.2307/1938687">出版商的网站</gydF4y2Baa><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Adaptive%20implications%20of%20leaf%20thickness%20for%20sun-%20and%20shade-grown%20Abutilon%20theophrasti&author=J. I. Yun &author=S. E. Taylor&publication_year=1986" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li> <li id="B34">h . k . Lichtenthaler a . Ačm . v . Marek j . Kalina o .城市,“不同的色素组成、光合速率和叶绿素荧光图像的阳光和阴影离开四个树种,”<gydF4y2Bai>植物生理学和生物化学</gydF4y2Bai>,45卷,不。8,577 - 588年,2007页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2007.04.006">出版商的网站</gydF4y2Baa><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Differences%20in%20pigment%20composition,%20photosynthetic%20rates%20and%20chlorophyll%20fluorescence%20images%20of%20sun%20and%20shade%20leaves%20of%20four%20tree%20species&author=H. K. Lichtenthaler&author=A. Ač&author=M. V. Marek&author=J. Kalina&author=&author=O. Urban&publication_year=2007" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li> <li id="B35">h . k . Lichtenthaler f .自己带来什么样的实际好处时,巴巴尼g . Langsdorf和c . Buschmann“红色叶绿素荧光测量差异和光合活动阳光和阴影的叶子之间荧光成像,”<gydF4y2Bai>Photosynthetica</gydF4y2Bai>,38卷,不。4、521 - 529年,2000页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1012453205740">出版商的网站</gydF4y2Baa><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Measurement%20of%20differences%20in%20red%20chlorophyll%20fluorescence%20and%20photosynthetic%20activity%20between%20sun%20and%20shade%20leaves%20by%20fluorescence%20imaging&author=H. K. Lichtenthaler&author=F. Babani&author=G. Langsdorf&author=&author=C. Buschmann&publication_year=2000" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li> <li id="B36">h . Rennenberg r . Matyssek j·弗洛姆,a . Roloff<gydF4y2Bai>生物der波美比重计(互联网)</gydF4y2Bai>2010年,乌尔姆,斯图加特,德国,<gydF4y2Baa target="_blank" href="http://www.utb-shop.de/biologie-der-baume.html">http://www.utb-shop.de/biologie-der-baume.html</gydF4y2Baa>。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://doi.org/10.1002/biuz.960280604">出版商的网站</gydF4y2Baa></span></li> <li id="B37">t·t·科兹洛夫和s . g . Pallardy Eds。<gydF4y2Bai>木本植物生理学(互联网)</gydF4y2Bai>美国圣地亚哥,学术出版社,1997。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks"></span></li> <li id="B38">d·o·奥蒂诺,m·w·t·施密特,s . Adiku和j . Tenhunen“生理和形态对水分胁迫两种相思的栖息地,对比”<gydF4y2Bai>树生理</gydF4y2Bai>,25卷,不。3、361 - 371年,2005页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/25.3.361">出版商的网站</gydF4y2Baa><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Physiological%20and%20morphological%20responses%20to%20water%20stress%20in%20two%20Acacia%20species%20from%20contrasting%20habitats&author=D. O. Otieno&author=M. W. T. Schmidt&author=S. Adiku&author=&author=J. Tenhunen&publication_year=2005" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li> <li id="B39">h . Ellenberg和c . Leuschner<gydF4y2Bai>植被中欧的麻省理工学院窝Alpen</gydF4y2Bai>乌尔姆,德国斯图加特的第六版,2010年版。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1654-1103.2012.01443.x">出版商的网站</gydF4y2Baa></span></li> <li id="B40">d . Holscher o·科赫,s .科恩和c . Leuschner”Sap通量给出五个树种的温带阔叶林土壤季节性干旱,”<gydF4y2Bai>树结构和功能</gydF4y2Bai>,19卷,不。6,628 - 637年,2005页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-005-0426-3">出版商的网站</gydF4y2Baa><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Sap%20flux%20of%20five%20co-occurring%20tree%20species%20in%20a%20temperate%20broad-leaved%20forest%20during%20seasonal%20soil%20drought&author=D. Hölscher&author=O. Koch&author=S. Korn&author=&author=C. Leuschner&publication_year=2005" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li> <li id="B41">N . Legner s .雀斑,c . Leuschner”Within-canopy光合能力的变化,SLA和叶片N在温带阔叶树木对比阴影宽容,“<gydF4y2Bai>树结构和功能</gydF4y2Bai>,28卷,不。1,第280 - 263页,2014。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-013-0947-0">出版商的网站</gydF4y2Baa><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Within-canopy%20variation%20in%20photosynthetic%20capacity,%20SLA%20and%20foliar%20N%20in%20temperate%20broad-leaved%20trees%20with%20contrasting%20shade%20tolerance&author=N. Legner&author=S. Fleck&author=&author=C. Leuschner&publication_year=2014" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li> <li id="B42">c . a,的加里奥(Jaleel)如果不是,g·m·a .看到m . Gomathinayagam和r . Panneerselvam改变形态参数和光合色素的反应<gydF4y2Bai>Catharanthus roseus也叫</gydF4y2Bai>在土壤水分赤字。”<gydF4y2Bai>胶体和表面B: Biointerfaces</gydF4y2Bai>,卷61,不。2、298 - 303年,2008页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2007.09.008">出版商的网站</gydF4y2Baa><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Alterations%20in%20morphological%20parameters%20and%20photosynthetic%20pigment%20responses%20of%20Catharanthus%20roseus%20under%20soil%20water%20deficits&author=C. A. Jaleel&author=P. Manivannan&author=G. M. A. Lakshmanan&author=M. Gomathinayagam&author=&author=R. Panneerselvam&publication_year=2008" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li> <li id="B43">a . Mafakheri a . Siosemardeh b . Bahramnejad p c . Struik大肠Sohrabi,“干旱胁迫对产量的影响、脯氨酸和叶绿素含量三个鹰嘴豆品种,”<gydF4y2Bai>澳大利亚作物科学杂志》上</gydF4y2Bai>,4卷,不。8,580 - 585年,2010页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Effect%20of%20drought%20stress%20on%20yield,%20proline%20and%20chlorophyll%20contents%20in%20three%20chickpea%20cultivars&author=A. Mafakheri&author=A. Siosemardeh&author=B. Bahramnejad&author=P. C. Struik&author=&author=E. Sohrabi&publication_year=2010" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li> <li id="B44">r . Gholamin和m . Khayatnezhad”结束季节干旱胁迫的影响叶绿素含量、叶绿素荧光参数在玉米品种和产量,”<gydF4y2Bai>科学研究和论文</gydF4y2Bai>》第六卷,没有。25日,第5357 - 5351页,2011年。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=The%20effect%20of%20end%20season%20drought%20stress%20on%20the%20chlorophyll%20content,%20chlorophyll%20fluorescence%20parameters%20and%20yield%20in%20maize%20cultivars&author=R. Gholamin &author=M. Khayatnezhad&publication_year=2011" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li> <li id="B45">基诺,h·埃尔阿塔,m·埃尔默a·艾哈迈德·汗·m·伊克巴尔,“水压力的影响相对水和叶绿素含量Juniperus procera Hochst。前,在沙特阿拉伯,“<gydF4y2Bai>生命科学期刊</gydF4y2Bai>,10卷,第685 - 681页,2013年。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://doi.org/10.15242/IICBE.C514081">出版商的网站</gydF4y2Baa><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Effect%20of%20water%20stress%20on%20relative%20water%20and%20chlorophyll%20contents%20of%20Juniperus%20procera%20Hochst.%20ex%20Endlicher%20in%20Saudi%20Arabia&author=I. Aref&author=H. El Atta&author=M. El Obeid&author=A. Ahmed&author=P. Khan&author=&author=M. Iqbal&publication_year=2013" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li> <li id="B46">j·k·蒙沙,b . o . Obadoni p·g . Eruotor和f . Onome-Irieguna”模拟洪水和干旱对发芽的影响,增长,芝麻和产量参数(胡麻属indicum l .),“<gydF4y2Bai>非洲生物技术杂志</gydF4y2Bai>,5卷,不。13日,1249 - 1253年,2006页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Simulated%20flooding%20and%20drought%20effects%20on%20germination,%20growth,%20and%20yield%20parameters%20of%20sesame%20(Sesamum%20indicum%20L.)&author=J. K. Mensah&author=B. O. Obadoni&author=P. G. Eruotor&author=&author=F. Onome-Irieguna&publication_year=2006" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li> </ol> </div> <div class="xml-content"> <h4 class="copyright" id="copyright">版权</gydF4y2Bah4> <p>版权©2018 Stephanie Stiegel和茉莉花Mantilla-Contreras。这是一个开放的分布式下文章<gydF4y2Baa rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">知识共享归属许可</gydF4y2Baa>,它允许无限制的使用、分配和复制在任何媒介,提供最初的工作是正确引用。</pgydF4y2Ba> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> <div class="biblio__Wrapper-sc-1nou1lz-0 eyHfWh journal_article__BiblioIntegratorWidget-sc-12fk6zy-5 dbAANp article_widget biblioWrapper hide"> <hr> <h4 class="biblio__H4-sc-1nou1lz-2 becpDt hrTitleRef">更多相关文章</gydF4y2Bah4> <div id="biblio_widget" class="biblio__BiblioWrapper-sc-1nou1lz-1 bvnCfh"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="threeColumn__RightWrapper-sc-1bf4078-2 jzTMLK rightWrapper" id="rightSectionMenu"> <div> <div class="journal_article__ArticleStickyTopToolbar-sc-12fk6zy-0 gbrQxi article_sticky_top_toolbar"> <div class="sc-cBdUnI hRnXob article_top_toolbar"> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-jtRfpW dIjoCg sc-exkUMo hymroZ pdf_desktop button__group" href="https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/ijecol/2018/3710128.pdf" aria-label="" target="_blank" id="toolbar__dcNavSmall"><span><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl sc-kTUwUJ eujois" title="" role="presentation" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/next_assets/IQyEAurKlbWLJ7u7ASizn/_next/static/node_modules/hindawi-ui/src/icon/svg/pdf.svg" height="24"><span class="text">PDF</gydF4y2Baspan></span><span class="sc-htoDjs bqeMOy sc-dqBHgY cQgXqt fileArrow icon-colored _3P4iUn1NDM5G77nWCamJ4l icon-themeable" title="" font-size="20"></span></a> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-jtRfpW dIjoCg sc-kcDeIU cbcyj ref_desktop" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijecol/2018/3710128.ris" aria-label="" target="" id="toolbar__dcNavLarge"><span><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl sc-kTUwUJ eujois" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="24"><span class="text">下载引用</gydF4y2Baspan></span><span class="sc-htoDjs bqeMOy sc-dqBHgY cQgXqt fileArrow icon-colored _3P4iUn1NDM5G77nWCamJ4l icon-themeable" title="" font-size="20"></span></a> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-jtRfpW dIjoCg sc-BngTV hmDWcT ref_desktop" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijecol/2018/3710128.ris" aria-label="" target="" id="toolbar__dcNavSmall"><span><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl sc-kTUwUJ eujois" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="24"><span class="text">引用</gydF4y2Baspan></span><span class="sc-htoDjs bqeMOy sc-dqBHgY cQgXqt fileArrow icon-colored _3P4iUn1NDM5G77nWCamJ4l icon-themeable" title="" font-size="20"></span></a> </div> </div> <div class="journal_article__ArticleStickyBottomToolbar-sc-12fk6zy-1 isgRZA article_sticky_bottom_toolbar"> <div class="sc-cTjmhe ihmyEq article_bottom_toolbar"> <div class="sc-cugefK itFKcQ accordion" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8" id="toolbar__dofNav"> <span><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl sc-bfYoXt cGuwDn" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHhtbG5zOnhsaW5rPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8xOTk5L3hsaW5rIiB3aWR0aD0iMjAiIGhlaWdodD0iMjIiIHZpZXdCb3g9IjAgMCAyMCAyMiI+PGRlZnM+PGNsaXBQYXRoIGlkPSJhIj48cGF0aCBkPSJNMywyMmEzLDMsMCwwLDEtMy0zVjE2YTEsMSwwLDAsMSwyLDB2M2ExLDEsMCwwLDAsMSwxSDE3YTEsMSwwLDAsMCwxLTFWMTZhMSwxLDAsMSwxLDIsMHYzYTMsMywwLDAsMS0zLDNabTYuMjg4LTYuMy00LTRhMSwxLDAsMCwxLDEuNDE0LTEuNDE0TDksMTIuNTg2VjFhMSwxLDAsMCwxLDIsMFYxMi41ODZsMi4yOTMtMi4yOTNhMSwxLDAsMCwxLDEuNDE0LDEuNDE0bC00LDRhMSwxLDAsMCwxLTEuNDIzLDBaIiB0cmFuc2Zvcm09InRyYW5zbGF0ZSgyIDEpIi8+PC9jbGlwUGF0aD48L2RlZnM+PGcgdHJhbnNmb3JtPSJ0cmFuc2xhdGUoLTIgLTEpIj48cGF0aCBkPSJNMywyMmEzLDMsMCwwLDEtMy0zVjE2YTEsMSwwLDAsMSwyLDB2M2ExLDEsMCwwLDAsMSwxSDE3YTEsMSwwLDAsMCwxLTFWMTZhMSwxLDAsMSwxLDIsMHYzYTMsMywwLDAsMS0zLDNabTYuMjg4LTYuMy00LTRhMSwxLDAsMCwxLDEuNDE0LTEuNDE0TDksMTIuNTg2VjFhMSwxLDAsMCwxLDIsMFYxMi41ODZsMi4yOTMtMi4yOTNhMSwxLDAsMCwxLDEuNDE0LDEuNDE0bC00LDRhMSwxLDAsMCwxLTEuNDIzLDBaIiB0cmFuc2Zvcm09InRyYW5zbGF0ZSgyIDEpIi8+PGcgY2xpcC1wYXRoPSJ1cmwoI2EpIj48cmVjdCB3aWR0aD0iMjQiIGhlaWdodD0iMjQiIGZpbGw9InJnYmEoMCwwLDAsMCkiLz48cmVjdCB3aWR0aD0iMjQiIGhlaWdodD0iMjQiLz48L2c+PC9nPjwvc3ZnPg==" height="24"><span class="sc-dRFtgE jrsDZP">下载其他格式</gydF4y2Baspan><span class="sc-gkFcWv gWTCXQ">更多的</gydF4y2Baspan></span> <span class="sc-htoDjs bMdQcY sc-gbOuXE jGPvPL icon-colored _1CwL9R82TPl2HxDleeYGDR icon-themeable" title="" font-size="11"></span> </div> <div class="sc-fnwBNb etzuBr"> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-iNhVCk gWgCNb open_panel" href="//www.newsama.com/downloads/journals/ijecol/2018/3710128.epub" aria-label="ePub" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"> <div class="sc-eAKXzc WHkfb"> ePub</gydF4y2Badiv><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl sc-bfYoXt cGuwDn" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="24"></a> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-iNhVCk gWgCNb open_panel" href="//www.newsama.com/downloads/journals/ijecol/2018/3710128.xml" aria-label="XML" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"> <div class="sc-eAKXzc WHkfb"> XML</gydF4y2Badiv><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl sc-bfYoXt cGuwDn" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="24"></a> </div> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-imABML ibWUzs" href="//www.newsama.com/reprints/3710128/confirm" aria-label="Order Printed Copies" target="_blank" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8" id="toolbar__opcNav"><span><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl sc-bfYoXt cGuwDn" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PD94bWwgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4wIiBlbmNvZGluZz0iVVRGLTgiPz4KPHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMTZweCIgaGVpZ2h0PSIyMnB4IiB2aWV3Qm94PSIwIDAgMTYgMjIiIHZlcnNpb249IjEuMSIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayI+CiAgICA8IS0tIEdlbmVyYXRvcjogU2tldGNoIDU0LjEgKDc2NDkwKSAtIGh0dHBzOi8vc2tldGNoYXBwLmNvbSAtLT4KICAgIDx0aXRsZT5hbGlnbi1sZWZ0PC90aXRsZT4KICAgIDxkZXNjPkNyZWF0ZWQgd2l0aCBTa2V0Y2guPC9kZXNjPgogICAgPGRlZnM+CiAgICAgICAgPHBhdGggZD0iTTE1LjgzMzMzMzMsMTYgTDE1LjgzMzMzMzMsMyBMNS40MTY2NjY2NywzIEM0LjcyNjMxMDczLDMgNC4xNjY2NjY2NywzLjY3MTU3Mjg4IDQuMTY2NjY2NjcsNC41IEw0LjE2NjY2NjY3LDE2LjMzNjgxNTYgQzQuNTQ1NTIzMDgsMTYuMTIwODQ1NSA0Ljk2OTMzNDQ2LDE2IDUuNDE2NjY2NjcsMTYgTDE1LjgzMzMzMzMsMTYgWiBNMTUuODMzMzMzMywxOCBMNS40MTY2NjY2NywxOCBDNC43MjYzMTA3MywxOCA0LjE2NjY2NjY3LDE4LjY3MTU3MjkgNC4xNjY2NjY2NywxOS41IEM0LjE2NjY2NjY3LDIwLjMyODQyNzEgNC43MjYzMTA3MywyMSA1LjQxNjY2NjY3LDIxIEwxNS44MzMzMzMzLDIxIEwxNS44MzMzMzMzLDE4IFogTTUuNDE2NjY2NjcsMSBMMTYuNjY2NjY2NywxIEMxNy4xMjY5MDQsMSAxNy41LDEuNDQ3NzE1MjUgMTcuNSwyIEwxNy41LDIyIEMxNy41LDIyLjU1MjI4NDcgMTcuMTI2OTA0LDIzIDE2LjY2NjY2NjcsMjMgTDUuNDE2NjY2NjcsMjMgQzMuODA1ODM2MTUsMjMgMi41LDIxLjQzMjk5NjYgMi41LDE5LjUgTDIuNSw0LjUgQzIuNSwyLjU2NzAwMzM4IDMuODA1ODM2MTUsMSA1LjQxNjY2NjY3LDEgWiIgaWQ9InBhdGgtMSI+PC9wYXRoPgogICAgPC9kZWZzPgogICAgPGcgaWQ9IlN5bWJvbHMiIHN0cm9rZT0ibm9uZSIgc3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoPSIxIiBmaWxsPSJub25lIiBmaWxsLXJ1bGU9ImV2ZW5vZGQiPgogICAgICAgIDxnIGlkPSJTaWRlYmFycy9EZXNrdG9wL0FydGljbGUtU2lkZWJhciIgdHJhbnNmb3JtPSJ0cmFuc2xhdGUoLTI0LjAwMDAwMCwgLTI2Mi4wMDAwMDApIj4KICAgICAgICAgICAgPGcgaWQ9Ik9yZGVyLXByaW50ZWQtY29waWVzIiB0cmFuc2Zvcm09InRyYW5zbGF0ZSgtMS4wMDAwMDAsIDI0MC4wMDAwMDApIj4KICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIDxnIGlkPSJUeXBlLWFuZC1pY29ucyIgdHJhbnNmb3JtPSJ0cmFuc2xhdGUoMjEuMDAwMDAwLCAyMS4wMDAwMDApIj4KICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICA8ZyBpZD0iSWNvbnMvUHJpbnRlZC1Db3BpZXMiPgogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICA8ZyBpZD0iYm9vayIgdHJhbnNmb3JtPSJ0cmFuc2xhdGUoMi4wMDAwMDAsIDAuMDAwMDAwKSI+CiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICA8bWFzayBpZD0ibWFzay0yIiBmaWxsPSJ3aGl0ZSI+CiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgPHVzZSB4bGluazpocmVmPSIjcGF0aC0xIj48L3VzZT4KICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIDwvbWFzaz4KICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIDx1c2UgaWQ9IkNvbWJpbmVkLVNoYXBlIiBmaWxsPSIjMDAwMDAwIiBmaWxsLXJ1bGU9Im5vbnplcm8iIHhsaW5rOmhyZWY9IiNwYXRoLTEiPjwvdXNlPgogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgPGcgaWQ9IkNPTE9SLy1ibGFjayIgbWFzaz0idXJsKCNtYXNrLTIpIiBmaWxsPSIjMDAwMDAwIiBmaWxsLXJ1bGU9ImV2ZW5vZGQiPgogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIDxyZWN0IGlkPSJSZWN0YW5nbGUiIHg9IjAiIHk9IjAiIHdpZHRoPSIyMCIgaGVpZ2h0PSIyNCI+PC9yZWN0PgogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgPC9nPgogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICA8L2c+CiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgPC9nPgogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgPC9nPgogICAgICAgICAgICA8L2c+CiAgICAgICAgPC9nPgogICAgPC9nPgo8L3N2Zz4=" height="24"><span class="sc-dRFtgE jrsDZP">订单打印副本</gydF4y2Baspan><span class="sc-gkFcWv gWTCXQ">订单</gydF4y2Baspan></span><span class="sc-htoDjs kNoiZu sc-gbOuXE jGPvPL right__icon icon-colored _32KP5uexH-Bgs7Kj8Gk1Tz icon-themeable" title="" font-size="16"></span></a> <div class="sc-hBbWxd kdRRST"> <div class="sc-dyGzUR cHatnS"> <div> 的观点<gydF4y2Baspan>1740年</gydF4y2Baspan> </div> <div> 下载<gydF4y2Baspan>719年</gydF4y2Baspan> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sc-drKuOJ kxdGAZ"> <span class="__dimensions_badge_embed__" data-doi="10.1155/2018/3710128" data-style="small_circle"></span>引用</gydF4y2Badiv> </div> </div> <nav class="sc-bRBYWo fXBKFa sc-hUfwpO jHPgUP" id="toolbar__iconNav"> <h3 class="sc-Rmtcm hNPrIr">分享文章</gydF4y2Bah3> <ul class="sc-hzDkRC bnbfTS"> <li class="iconBorder"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link" href="https://twitter.com/share?url=https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/3710128&via=Hindawi" aria-label="Sharing on Twitter" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl socialTwitter" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="24"></a></li> <li class="iconBorder"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link" href="https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle/?url=https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/3710128" aria-label="Sharing on Linkedin" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl socialLinkedin" title="" role="presentation" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/next_assets/IQyEAurKlbWLJ7u7ASizn/_next/static/node_modules/hindawi-ui/src/icon/svg/socialLinkedin.svg" height="24"></a></li> <li class="iconBorder"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/3710128" aria-label="Sharing on Facebook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl socialFacebook" title="" role="presentation" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/next_assets/IQyEAurKlbWLJ7u7ASizn/_next/static/node_modules/hindawi-ui/src/icon/svg/socialFacebook-HINDAWI.svg" height="24"></a></li> <li class="iconBorder"> <div class="wechat-container"> <img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl socialWechat" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="24"> <div class="addthis_inline_share_toolbox"></div> </div></li> <li><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link" href="mailto:?subject=Experimental Study of Environmental Effects: Leaf Traits of Juvenile Fagus sylvatica, Acer pseudoplatanus, and Carpinus betulus Are Comparable to Leaves of Mature Trees in Upper Canopies&body=https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/3710128" aria-label="Sharing on Mail" target="_blank"><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl socialMail" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="24"></a></li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="biblio__Wrapper-sc-1nou1lz-0 cBTaXT journal_article__BiblioIntegratorSidebar-sc-12fk6zy-4 cYsVdk biblioWrapperRight biblioWrapper hide"> <hr> <h4 class="biblio__H4-sc-1nou1lz-2 becpDt hrTitleRef">相关文章</gydF4y2Bah4> <div id="biblio_sidebar" class="biblio__BiblioWrapper-sc-1nou1lz-1 bvnCfh"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer class="sc-jKJlTe inBNwS"> <section class="sc-eNQAEJ dkutRV"> <div class="sc-bZQynM bNmdOy E_HUmlU2Hj3PpkDmWzKPd primary__footer footer__bodypadding"> <div class="sc-hMqMXs hlGpbO mobile"> 遵循我们:<gydF4y2Banav role="navigation" class="sc-kkGfuU filPdg"> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-kEYyzF ecHxGW" href="https://twitter.com/hindawi" aria-label="Twitter" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje TsaZF" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="40"></a> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-kEYyzF ecHxGW" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/hindawilimited/" aria-label="LinkedIn" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje TsaZF" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="40"></a> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-kEYyzF ecHxGW" href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCDIK_O7FATPEkhad_sQVaSg" aria-label="Youtube" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje TsaZF" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="40"></a> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-kEYyzF ecHxGW" href="https://www.facebook.com/HindawiLimited/" aria-label="Facebook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje TsaZF" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="40"></a> </nav> </div> <nav class="E_HUmlU2Hj3PpkDmWzKPd _3wm8FgzqRuRWouJG31YgKx" role="navigation"> <ul class="_2k5c8zEhMT-84kRD4oDgAz _1SoDWGr_FVsil9klRfjnhb"> <li><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link about_us" href="//www.newsama.com/about/" aria-label="About us">关于我们</gydF4y2Baa></li> <li><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link contact_us" href="//www.newsama.com/about/contact/" aria-label="Contact us">联系我们</gydF4y2Baa></li> <li><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link partnerships" href="//www.newsama.com/publishing-partnerships/" aria-label="Partnerships">合作伙伴关系</gydF4y2Baa></li> <li><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link blog" href="//www.newsama.com/blog/" aria-label="Blog">博客</gydF4y2Baa></li> </ul> <ul class="_2k5c8zEhMT-84kRD4oDgAz _1SoDWGr_FVsil9klRfjnhb"> <li><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link journals" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/" aria-label="Journals">期刊</gydF4y2Baa></li> <li><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link article_processing_charges" href="//www.newsama.com/publish-research/authors/article-processing-charges/" aria-label="Article Processing Charges">文章处理费用</gydF4y2Baa></li> <li><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link print_editions" href="//www.newsama.com/print-editions/" aria-label="Print editions">印刷版</gydF4y2Baa></li> </ul> <ul class="_2k5c8zEhMT-84kRD4oDgAz _1SoDWGr_FVsil9klRfjnhb"> <li><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link authors" href="//www.newsama.com/publish-research/authors/" aria-label="Authors">作者</gydF4y2Baa></li> <li><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link editors" href="//www.newsama.com/publish-research/editors/" aria-label="Editors">编辑器</gydF4y2Baa></li> <li><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link reviewers" href="//www.newsama.com/publish-research/reviewers/" aria-label="Reviewers">评论家</gydF4y2Baa></li> </ul> <ul class="_2k5c8zEhMT-84kRD4oDgAz _1SoDWGr_FVsil9klRfjnhb"> <li><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link hindawi_xml_corpus" href="//www.newsama.com/hindawi-xml-corpus/" aria-label="Hindawi XML Corpus">雷电竞APP</a></li> <li><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link open_archives_initiative" href="//www.newsama.com/open-archives-initiative/" aria-label="Open Archives Initiative">开放档案计划</gydF4y2Baa></li> <li><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link fraud_prevention" href="//www.newsama.com/preventing-and-protecting-against-fraud/" aria-label="Fraud prevention">欺诈防范</gydF4y2Baa></li> </ul> </nav> <div class="sc-hMqMXs hlGpbO desktop"> 遵循我们:<gydF4y2Banav role="navigation" class="sc-kkGfuU filPdg"> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-kEYyzF ecHxGW" href="https://twitter.com/hindawi" aria-label="Twitter" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje TsaZF" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="40"></a> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-kEYyzF ecHxGW" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/hindawilimited/" aria-label="LinkedIn" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje TsaZF" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="40"></a> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-kEYyzF ecHxGW" href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCDIK_O7FATPEkhad_sQVaSg" aria-label="Youtube" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje TsaZF" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="40"></a> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-kEYyzF ecHxGW" href="https://www.facebook.com/HindawiLimited/" aria-label="Facebook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje TsaZF" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="40"></a> </nav> </div> </div> </section> <div class="sc-bZQynM bNmdOy"> <section class="sc-iAyFgw gCiATD"> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link" href="//www.newsama.com/privacy/" aria-label="Privacy Policy">隐私政策<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> |</gydF4y2Baa> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link" href="//www.newsama.com/terms/" aria-label="Terms of Service">服务条款<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> |</gydF4y2Baa> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link" href="//www.newsama.com/responsible-disclosure-policy/" aria-label="Responsible Disclosure Policy">负责信息披露政策<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> |</gydF4y2Baa> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link" href="//www.newsama.com/cookie-policy/" aria-label="Cookie Policy">饼干的政策<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> |</gydF4y2Baa> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link" href="//www.newsama.com/copyright/" aria-label="Copyright">版权<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> |</gydF4y2Baa> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link" href="//www.newsama.com/modern-slavery-statement/" aria-label="Modern slavery statement">现代奴隶制的声明<gydF4y2Ba!-- --></a> </section> </div> </footer> <div class="sc-OxbzP eEFYIL advWrapper hideBanner"> <span><p>文章奖:2020年杰出的研究贡献,选择由我们的首席编辑。<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.newsama.com/article-year-award/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">获奖的文章阅读</gydF4y2Baa>。</pgydF4y2Ba></span> <button class="sc-bYnzgO dsXEHZ"><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje iiusBg sc-cPuPxo iXKuYd" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="16"></button> </div> </div> </div> <noscript> <iframe src="https://www.newsama.com/ns.html?id=GTM-MQ4MGW" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe> </noscript> </div> </body> </html>