造影剂与分子成像

Previously, we reported the preparation and preclinical studies of^99米Tc-标记的金纳米颗粒甘露糖（^99米TC-金纳米粒子甘露糖），与潜在的前哨淋巴结（SLN）检测用核医学程序。本研究旨在评估生物动力学和混合（2D / 3D）剂量的^99米TC-的AuNP甘露糖在五名患者患有乳腺癌的前哨淋巴结检测协议下。Anterior and posterior whole-body planar images (2D, at 0.5, 2, 6, and 24 h) and single-photon emission computed tomography (3D at 6.5 h)/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) images were acquired after^99米Ťc-AuNP-mannose administration (37 MBq). Through a hybrid quantification method, activity in tissues of interest at the different acquisition times was determined and integrated over time to obtain the total nuclear transformations (ñ），以及平均停留时间，每个组织。ñ值和OLINDA代码被用于估计所述内部辐射吸收剂量。结果表明，^99米Ťc-AuNP-mannose successfully accumulates and remains up to 24 h in the sentinel lymph node without detectable migration to other lymph nodes and no side effects on patients. Negligible absorption of the radiolabeled nanoparticles into the circulatory system was observed, from which the radio-nanosystem is rapidly eliminated by kidneys. Hybrid (2D/3D) dosimetry evaluations showed equivalent doses to SLN, breast, and kidneys of 172.34, 5.32, and 0.08 mSv/37 MBq, respectively, with an effective dose of 2.05Ë − 03 mSv/MBq. The mean effective residence time in SLN was 0.92 h. This preliminary study indicates that the use of^99米Ťc-AuNP-mannose for successful SLN detection in patients is safe, producing an effective dose at the level recommended for diagnostic studies (<10 mSv).

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乙ackground and Aims。磁共振成像（MRI）已采取在炎症性肠疾病（IBD）的诊断有重要作用。在纳米技术进展的觉醒，药物递送行业已经看到纳米粒子在广告目标成像高特异性的激增。鉴于该领域的迅速发展，这种审查组装相关的文章，探索分子造影剂是否能改善胃肠造影诊断能力，尤其是对IBD。方法。从文献检索PubMed和EMBASE的1998年和2018年间发表的相关文章进行了审查。对所研究的特点，实验动物，造型方法中，纳米粒子类型，磁共振方法和定量分析来进行数据的提取。结果。共有8个研究，鉴定其中所述受试者是动物，并且所有的研究采用MR设备。一组使用的全氟化碳溶液和其它7组使用，也可以磁性纳米颗粒或钆（钆）相关的纳米颗粒用于分子对比度。与超小型超顺磁氧化铁（USPIO）颗粒和Gd相关的纳米颗粒，信号增强了在粘膜或在T1加权图像（T1WI）IBD相关模型的病灶中发现的，而超顺磁性氧化铁（SPIO）粒子呈信号减少在T1WI或T2加权图像模型的肠壁。的信噪比（SNR）中的溶液用于分析在3期研究肠强度。而在一项研究中用于评估炎症的严重程度提高标准化的百分比。结论。分子MRI造影剂可以改善IBD的早期诊断和定量炎症程度的实验研究。

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Partial nephrectomy (PN) is a recommended type of treatment of localised renal tumors. Real-time intraoperative imaging technique, such as fluorescence imaging with indocyanine green (ICG) administration helps to improve intraoperative and postoperative outcomes in patients who underwent PN. Our work presents results of patients who underwent robotic PN with ICG navigation. A total of 37 patients underwent robotic PN with application of ICG between April 2015 and May 2019. A total amount of 5 mg of ICG was applied intravenously, and then robotic PN was performed with fluorescent imaging. ICG was used by the surgeon’s decision according to unfavourable anatomical properties of tumor or to high R.E.N.A.L. nephrometry score. An exact border between perfused and nonperfused tissue was detected, and exact tumor’s branch of the renal artery was clamped. Robotic PN with ICG-fluorescence imaging navigation was performed in 37 cases with a preoperative average diameter of tumor of 31 mm. The mean surgery time was 133 minutes, and the mean estimated blood loss was 190 mL. Arterial clamping was performed in 35 cases. The mean duration of warm ischemia was 14 minutes. Application of ICG enabled specific tumor-supplying vessel clamping in 25 cases. Two complications of grade II according to the Clavien-Dindo classification occurred intraoperatively, and one complication of grade III was observed. Renal function changes showed favourable results for the cases with superselective clamping. Finally, an administration of ICG eases superselective clamping of tumor-specific branch of renal artery and helps to preserve normal renal function with acceptable oncological results.

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在脑肿瘤中趋化因子-4受体（CXCR4）的过表达与高癌细胞侵袭相关联。最近，我们报道的临床前评价^99米TC-CXCR4-L（环d-酪氨酸-D- [NME] ORN [EDDA-^99米TC-6-hydrazinylnicotinyl] -Arg-NAI-GLY）作为放射性配体SPECT能够特异性检测CXCR4蛋白。这项研究的目的是评估的生物动力学行为和辐射剂量^99米Ťc-CXCR4-L in healthy subjects, as well as to correlate the radiotracer uptake by brain tumors in patients, with the histological grade of differentiation and CXCR4 expression evaluated by immunohistochemistry.^99米从GMP条件下制备（放射化学纯度> 97％）冷冻干燥的试剂盒得到的Tc-CXCR4-L。Whole-body scans from six healthy volunteers were acquired at 0.3, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 24 h after^99米Ťc-CXCR4-L administration (0.37 GBq). Time-activity curves of different source organs were obtained from the image sequence to adjust the biokinetic models. The OLINDA/EXM code was employed to calculate the equivalent and effective radiation doses. Nine patients with evidence of brain tumor injury (6 primaries and 3 recurrent), determined by MRI, underwent cerebral SPECT at 3 h after administration of^99米Ťc-CXCR4-L (0.74 GBq). Data were expressed as aŤ/乙(肿瘤吸收/背景)的比例。活组织检查考试ns included histological grading and anti-CXCR4 immunohistochemistry. Results showed a fast blood activity clearance (Ť_1/2α = 0.81 min andŤ_1/2β = 12.19 min) with renal and hepatobiliary elimination. The average equivalent doses were 6.10Ë − 04, 1.41Ë − 04, and 3.13Ë − 05 mSv/MBq for the intestine, liver, and kidney, respectively. The effective dose was 3.92Ë − 03 mSv/MBq. SPECT was positive in 7/9 patients diagnosed as grade II oligodendroglioma (two patients), grade IV glioblastoma (two patients), grade IV gliosarcoma (one patient), metastasis, and diffuse astrocytoma withŤ/乙的1.3比，2.3，13，7，19，5.5，和3.9，分别，它们都具有正免疫组织化学。分化的等级和CXCR4的表达之间的直接关系被发现。两项负SPECT研究显示阴性免疫组织化学反应性胶质的诊断。这“证明了概念”的研究还需要进一步的临床研究建立的用处^99米Ťc-CXCR4-L in the diagnosis and prognosis of brain tumors.

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目的。Several meta-analyses have reported data about the diagnostic performance of positron emission tomography or positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET or PET/CT) with different radiotracers in patients with suspicious lung cancer (LC) or pleural tumours (PT). This review article aims at providing an overview on the recent evidence-based data in this setting.方法。A comprehensive literature search of meta-analyses published in PubMed/MEDLINE and Cochrane Library database from January 2010 through March 2020 about the diagnostic performance of PET or PET/CT with different radiotracers in patients with suspicious LC or PT was performed. This combination of keywords was used: (A) “PET” OR “positron emission tomography” AND (B) “lung” OR “pulmonary” OR “pleur^∗” AND（C）荟萃分析。仅选择在患者可疑LC或PT上PET或PET / CT荟萃分析。结果。我们总结PET或PET / CT与氟-18氟代脱氧诊断性能（¹⁸F-FDG）等放射性示踪剂考虑到17荟萃分析。循证数据显示了良好的诊断性能¹⁸F-FDG PET或PET / CT为孤立性肺结节（结节）或胸膜病变的具有比特异性整体更高的灵敏度的表征。循证数据不支持日常使用双重时间点（DTP）¹⁸F-FDG PET / CT或氟-18氟胸苷（¹⁸F-FLT）PET / CT中的SPN的鉴别诊断。即使¹⁸F-FDG PET / CT具有高灵敏度和特异性的选择性筛选LC模式，其在此设置作用仍然是未知的。结论。关于PET / CT与可疑LC或PT不同放射性示踪剂的诊断性能循证数据在增加，具有良好的诊断性能¹⁸F-FDG PET / CT。更多的前瞻性，多中心的研究和成本效益分析是必要的。

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该α_vβ₃integrin receptors have high expression on proliferating growing tumor cells of different origins including non-small-cell lung cancer. RGD-containing peptides target the extracellular domain of integrin receptors. This specific targeting makes these short sequences a suitable nominee for theranostic application. DOTA-E(cRGDfK)₂用放射性标记⁶⁸嘎有效。该体内和体外稳定性在不同的缓冲液体系进行了研究。代谢稳定性小鼠尿液评估。体外特定的绑定,细胞吸收,internalization were determined. The tumor-targeting potential of [⁶⁸GA] GA-DOTA-E（cRGDfK）₂在肺癌小鼠模型进行了研究。此外，的非常早期的诊断潜力⁶⁸Ga-labeled RGD peptide was evaluated. The acquisition and reconstruction of the PET-CT image data were also carried out. Radiochemical and radionuclide purity for [⁶⁸GA] GA-DOTA-E（cRGDfK）₂was >%98 and >%99, respectively. Radiotracer showed high体内,体外将其通过ITLC确定，并且代谢稳定性。解离常数（ķ_d) of [⁶⁸GA] GA-DOTA-E（cRGDfK）₂was 15.28 nM. On average, more than 95% of the radioactivity was specific binding (internalized + surface-bound) to A549 cells. Biodistribution data showed that radiolabeled peptides were accumulated significantly in A549 tumor and excreted rapidly by the renal system. Tumor uptake peaks were at 1-hour postinjection for [⁶⁸GA] GA-DOTA-E（cRGDfK）₂。该tumor was clearly visualized in all images. [⁶⁸GA] GA-DOTA-E（cRGDfK）₂可以用作基于肽的成像剂允许非常早期检测不同癌症过表达的α_vβ₃整联蛋白受体，并且可以是在肺癌的临床基于肽的成像的潜在候选者。

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