准确和启发式解决最小化总等待时间血液制品分布问题</gydF4y2Batitle> <link href="//www.newsama.com/static/themes/hindawi/base.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://static-01.hindawi.com/next_assets/IQyEAurKlbWLJ7u7ASizn/static/lib/basictable.css" rel="stylesheet" media="none" class="next-head"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://static-01.hindawi.com/next_assets/IQyEAurKlbWLJ7u7ASizn/static/lib/owl.carousel.min.css" media="none" class="next-head"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://static-01.hindawi.com/next_assets/IQyEAurKlbWLJ7u7ASizn/static/lib/owl.theme.default.min.css" media="none" class="next-head"> <link rel="preload" type="text/css" href="https://cdn.bibblio.org/rcm/4.24/bib-related-content.min.css" as="style" class="next-head"> <link rel="preload" type="text/css" href="https://cdn.bibblio.org/rcm/4.24/bib-related-content.min.css" as="style" class="next-head"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://static-01.hindawi.com/next_assets/IQyEAurKlbWLJ7u7ASizn/_next/static/css/common.25ac259b.chunk.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://static-01.hindawi.com/next_assets/IQyEAurKlbWLJ7u7ASizn/_next/static/css/static/IQyEAurKlbWLJ7u7ASizn/pages/journal_article.js.cb2a7c06.chunk.css"> <style data-styled="NQpXC gnduKR jzXSTA bNmdOy epRoim bUhGXt gjctdt jGJLow kAzjOl ivbKJD fopjOz hbVEoI khbeDd gvAGTV kNoiZu diutvq bqeMOy bMdQcY ldSkVQ cmzomn bomGMi kuxTps prcY bJcSpM hdSPnx fTkdCR dDYYdJ EwsTm hYnXNL hGCBfz dfaOeH jOLhQl TsaZF iiusBg cqhPZs gaRePw dEfJbW eBepOs fSPaCp bVEEaH etauus ctePXh gCIfTO hHKuAX dIjoCg jUTgTa eujois cQgXqt ewCAZX kdvWPs hAFFGk lkWWFY ehYbwJ legory epgILe kCfRMJ bjwAQR byflLi jXeALb UVThf dDyxFF fkVFlF dzZrgS jLUVhb dVCLgr bBmZJZ ewHMLz bbzREB jknsZc eSvjPB jntdRu hAzjHP mBGSe bkiEfx ztvYg cUsFHx duuwge lcOiDF gsmOCv kPshFw gbcGIy jZOxOO eHMFfo XkrFe irNWJI dMuGGA kfDwZY evMkvU fYrLtk fjviok hgKieC cIribm khHUcu bfymXb dbAANp eyHfWh cBTaXT becpDt bvnCfh jzTMLK gbrQxi hRnXob hymroZ cbcyj hmDWcT isgRZA ihmyEq itFKcQ cGuwDn jrsDZP gWTCXQ jGPvPL etzuBr gWgCNb WHkfb ibWUzs kdRRST cHatnS kxdGAZ jHPgUP fXBKFa hNPrIr bnbfTS cYsVdk inBNwS dkutRV hlGpbO filPdg ecHxGW gCiATD eEFYIL dsXEHZ iXKuYd" data-styled-version="4.4.1"> /* sc-component-id: sc-bdVaJa */ .EwsTm{height:200vh;width:100%;position:fixed;z-index:1;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.8);} .EwsTm.isHide{display:none;} @media (min-width:768px) and (max-width:991px){} @media (min-width:992px){.EwsTm{display:none;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-htpNat */ .bUhGXt{color:black;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;border-radius:5px;font-size:16px;} .bUhGXt:focus-visible{outline-width:3px;outline-color:#8fc9ff;outline-style:solid;} /* sc-component-id: sc-bxivhb */ .ivbKJD{display:inline-block;} /* sc-component-id: sc-ifAKCX */ .fopjOz{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;-webkit-flex:wrap;-ms-flex:wrap;flex:wrap;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;list-style-type:none;margin:0;padding:0;} .fopjOz li{padding:0 10px;} .fopjOz li a{padding:0;} .fopjOz a{-webkit-transition:border .25s ease-in-out 0s;transition:border .25s ease-in-out 0s;border-bottom:2px solid #fff;border-radius:0;} .fopjOz a:hover{border-bottom:2px solid #9b9b9b;padding-bottom:4px;} .fopjOz .active{border-bottom:2px solid #57a61e;} /* sc-component-id: sc-EHOje */ .jOLhQl{vertical-align:middle;height:24px;}.TsaZF{vertical-align:middle;height:40px;}.iiusBg{vertical-align:middle;height:16px;} /* sc-component-id: sc-bZQynM */ .bNmdOy{max-width:1440px;margin:0 auto;width:100%;} /* sc-component-id: sc-htoDjs */ .khbeDd{vertical-align:middle;font-size:24px;}.gvAGTV{vertical-align:middle;font-size:9px;}.kNoiZu{vertical-align:middle;font-size:16px;}.diutvq{vertical-align:middle;font-size:22px;}.bqeMOy{vertical-align:middle;font-size:20px;}.bMdQcY{vertical-align:middle;font-size:11px;} /* sc-component-id: sc-fjdhpX */ .jzXSTA{position:fixed;top:0;left:0;right:0;z-index:1000;background:#fff;height:70px;font-size:16px;font-weight:500;border-bottom:1px solid #e3e3e3;-webkit-transition:all 0.5s;transition:all 0.5s;} @media (max-width:991px){.jzXSTA{border-bottom:1px solid #e3e3e3;}} @media (max-width:767px){.jzXSTA{margin-bottom:70px;height:60px;}} .jzXSTA .header__padding{padding:0 20px;box-sizing:border-box;} @media (max-width:991px){.jzXSTA .header__padding{padding:0 0 0 20px;}} .jzXSTA .menu{position:fixed;top:60px;right:0;width:100%;background:white;} @media (max-width:991px){.jzXSTA .menu{z-index:2;}} @media (min-width:768px){.jzXSTA .menu{width:500px;top:70px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.jzXSTA .menu{display:none;}} .jzXSTA .menu ul{list-style-type:none;text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;} @media (min-width:768px){.jzXSTA .menu ul{padding:0;border-left:1px solid #e3e3e3;}} .jzXSTA .menu ul li a{color:#4a4a4a;padding:10px;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:block;border-bottom:1px solid #e3e3e3;} .jzXSTA .menu .button_wrap{width:90%;margin:10px auto;border-radius:5px;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;} @media (min-width:768px){.jzXSTA .menu .button_wrap{display:none;}} .jzXSTA .menu .button__publishing{background-color:#6ba439;color:#fff;border-color:#6ba439;} .jzXSTA .menu .button__login{display:none;background-color:#fff;color:#4D8A17;border-color:#e3e3e3;} .jzXSTA.headerUp{-webkit-transform:translateY(-100%);-ms-transform:translateY(-100%);transform:translateY(-100%);} /* sc-component-id: sc-jzJRlG */ .jGJLow{-webkit-box-pack:end;-webkit-justify-content:flex-end;-ms-flex-pack:end;justify-content:flex-end;} .jGJLow a{padding:10px;} .jGJLow nav{-webkit-align-self:center;-ms-flex-item-align:center;align-self:center;} @media (max-width:991px){.jGJLow nav{display:none;}} .jGJLow nav ul{margin-right:16px;} .jGJLow nav ul li a{color:#4a4a4a;padding:10px 0px 4px;margin:0 6px;} @media (max-width:991px){.jGJLow .icon-themeable{border-left:1px solid #e3e3e3;padding:23px 20px;}} @media (max-width:767px){.jGJLow .icon-themeable{padding:18px 20px;}} @media (max-width:767.5px){.jGJLow.mobileButtonFlex{-ms-flex:0 0 51%;-webkit-flex:0 0 51%;-ms-flex:0 0 51%;flex:0 0 51%;max-width:51%;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-cSHVUG */ .ldSkVQ{display:none;padding:0;background-color:#fff;border:none;height:59px;} @media (min-width:768px){.ldSkVQ{height:69px;}} .ldSkVQ img{box-sizing:content-box;width:28px;padding:17px 20px;} @media (min-width:768px){.ldSkVQ img{padding:22px 20px;}} @media (max-width:991px){.ldSkVQ{display:inline-block;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-kAzzGY */ .epRoim a{display:inline-block;padding:15px 0;} @media (max-width:767px){.epRoim a{padding:10px 0;}} @media (max-width:767.5px){.epRoim.mobileLogoFlex{-ms-flex:0 0 49%;-webkit-flex:0 0 49%;-ms-flex:0 0 49%;flex:0 0 49%;max-width:49%;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-chPdSV */ .hbVEoI{border:none;height:50px;background-color:#fff;margin:10px 0 0 17px;position:relative;} @media (max-width:991.5px){.hbVEoI{margin:0 3px 0 16px;padding:0;height:69px;}} @media (max-width:767.5px){.hbVEoI{height:59px;}} .hbVEoI img{box-sizing:content-box;} .hbVEoI .icon__cross{width:24px;height:24px;} @media (min-width:768px){.hbVEoI .icon__cross{padding:23px 20px;}} @media (min-width:992px){.hbVEoI .icon__cross{padding:0px;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-ckVGcZ */ .gjctdt{vertical-align:middle;height:39px;} @media (max-width:401px){.gjctdt{max-width:100%;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-jKJlTe */ .inBNwS{background-color:#0d2934;font-size:16px;position:relative;z-index:3;} @media (max-width:991px){.inBNwS{z-index:0;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-eNQAEJ */ .dkutRV{border-bottom :1px solid;border-color:#828282;padding:29px 40px 30px 40px;} @media (min-width:992px){.dkutRV{padding:40px 40px 40px 35px;}} .dkutRV .primary__footer .mobile{display:block;} .dkutRV .primary__footer .desktop{display:none;} @media (min-width:992px){.dkutRV .primary__footer{-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;}.dkutRV .primary__footer .mobile{display:none;}.dkutRV .primary__footer .desktop{display:block;}} @media (min-width:992px){.dkutRV .col5{-webkit-flex:0 0 18%;-ms-flex:0 0 18%;flex:0 0 18%;max-width:18%;}} .dkutRV address{font-style:inherit;line-height:1.5;font-size:16px;display:none;border-right:1px solid #EBEBEB;} @media (max-width:767px){.dkutRV address{border-bottom:1px solid #E3E3E3;padding-bottom:20px;}} @media (min-width:992px){.dkutRV address{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;-webkit-box-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;margin-right:50px;}} @media (min-width:1200px){.dkutRV address{margin-right:70px;}} .dkutRV address p{margin:0;font-size:14px;} @media (max-width:767px){.dkutRV address p{text-align:center;}} @media (min-width:1200px){.dkutRV address p{font-size:16px;}} .dkutRV nav ul{list-style:none;padding:0;line-height:2;font-size:16px;margin:18px 0 0 0;} .dkutRV nav ul:first-child{margin:0;} @media (min-width:992px){.dkutRV nav ul{margin:0;}} .dkutRV nav ul li{line-height:22px;padding:5px;} .dkutRV nav ul li a{color:#d8d8d8;font-weight:500;display:block;font-size:16px;} .dkutRV nav ul li img{padding:2.5px 0 0 10px;box-sizing:content-box;-webkit-transform:rotate(180deg);-ms-transform:rotate(180deg);transform:rotate(180deg);} /* sc-component-id: sc-hMqMXs */ .hlGpbO{padding-top:6px;color:#FFFFFF;font-weight:500;margin-bottom:29px;} @media (min-width:992px){.hlGpbO{-webkit-flex:0 0 25%;-ms-flex:0 0 25%;flex:0 0 25%;max-width:-webkit-fit-content;max-width:-moz-fit-content;max-width:fit-content;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-kEYyzF */ .ecHxGW{margin-right:20px;} .ecHxGW:last-child{margin-right:0;} /* sc-component-id: sc-kkGfuU */ .filPdg{margin-top:15px;} /* sc-component-id: sc-iAyFgw */ .gCiATD{line-height:30px;font-size:11px;padding:10px 20px;text-align:center;} .gCiATD .textright{text-align:right;font-weight:500;} @media (max-width:767px){.gCiATD .textright{text-align:center;}} @media (min-width:992px){.gCiATD .textright{font-weight:100;}} .gCiATD a{font-size:13px;color:#fff;} /* sc-component-id: sc-hSdWYo */ .etauus{display:inline-block;background-color:#fff;color:#4D8A17;border-color:#E3E3E3;width:auto;border-radius:5px;font-size:16px;border-width:1px;border-style:solid;} .etauus:focus-visible{outline-width:3px;outline-color:#8fc9ff;outline-style:solid;} /* sc-component-id: sc-eHgmQL */ .fTkdCR{font-size:22px;color:#000;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.fTkdCR{font-size:24px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.fTkdCR{font-size:25px;}} .fTkdCR:after{content:'';display:inline-block;margin-top:0.2em;margin-left:0.5em;} /* sc-component-id: sc-iRbamj */ .jZOxOO{font-size:30px;font-weight:500;-webkit-letter-spacing:1px;-moz-letter-spacing:1px;-ms-letter-spacing:1px;letter-spacing:1px;line-height:1;margin-top:0;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.jZOxOO{font-size:40px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.jZOxOO{font-size:40px;}} .jZOxOO sup,.jZOxOO sub{vertical-align:baseline;position:relative;top:-10px;} .jZOxOO sub{top:10px;} /* sc-component-id: sc-Rmtcm */ .hNPrIr{font-size:20px;font-weight:500;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:15px;} /* sc-component-id: sc-bRBYWo */ .fXBKFa{display:inline-block;} @media (max-width:991.5px){.fXBKFa{width:100%;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.fXBKFa.hide{display:none !important;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-hzDkRC */ .bnbfTS{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;-webkit-flex:wrap;-ms-flex:wrap;flex:wrap;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;list-style-type:none;margin:0;width:100%;padding:0 !important;border-top:1px solid #fff;} .bnbfTS li{width:100%;text-align:center;box-sizing:border-box;padding:17px 0px;min-height:48px;} .bnbfTS li a{display:block;} .bnbfTS .iconBorder{border-right:1px solid #fff;} .bnbfTS img{width:23px;} .bnbfTS img.socialLinkedin{width:28px;} .bnbfTS .wechat-container{position:relative;} .bnbfTS .wechat-container .addthis_inline_share_toolbox{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;opacity:0 !important;} /* sc-component-id: sc-jtRfpW */ .hHKuAX{background-color:#6BA439;color:#fff;padding:20px;line-height:22px !important;border-radius:0;border-top:1px solid #fff;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;min-height:60px;} .hHKuAX img{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;-webkit-align-self:center;-ms-flex-item-align:center;align-self:center;} .hHKuAX span{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-self:center;-ms-flex-item-align:center;align-self:center;} .hHKuAX span.text{padding-left:20px;font-weight:500;} @media (max-width:360px){.hHKuAX span.text{padding-left:5px;font-size:14px;}} @media (min-width:320px) and (max-width:767.5px){.hHKuAX span.text{padding-left:20px;}}.dIjoCg{background-color:#F2F2F2;color:#4A4A4A;padding:20px;line-height:22px !important;border-radius:0;border-top:1px solid #E3E3E3;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;min-height:60px;} .dIjoCg img{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;-webkit-align-self:center;-ms-flex-item-align:center;align-self:center;} .dIjoCg span{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-self:center;-ms-flex-item-align:center;align-self:center;} .dIjoCg span.text{padding-left:20px;font-weight:500;} @media (max-width:360px){.dIjoCg span.text{padding-left:5px;font-size:14px;}} @media (min-width:320px) and (max-width:767.5px){.dIjoCg span.text{padding-left:20px;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-kTUwUJ */ .eujois{width:20px;} /* sc-component-id: sc-dqBHgY */ .cQgXqt{width:20px;height:16px;color:#6ba439;} /* sc-component-id: sc-cbkKFq */ .kuxTps{-webkit-transition:-webkit-transform 0.5s;-webkit-transition:transform 0.5s;transition:transform 0.5s;position:fixed;top:60px;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.kuxTps{position:fixed;top:70px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.kuxTps{position:fixed;top:70px;}}.prcY{-webkit-transition:-webkit-transform 0.5s;-webkit-transition:transform 0.5s;transition:transform 0.5s;top:0px;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.prcY{top:0px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.prcY{position:fixed;top:241px;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-hGoxap */ .dEfJbW{position:relative;background:#007d8d;} @media (max-width:991px){.dEfJbW{z-index:2;}} @media (min-width:767.5px) and (max-width:991.5px){.dEfJbW{width:50%;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.dEfJbW{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:end;-webkit-justify-content:flex-end;-ms-flex-pack:end;justify-content:flex-end;border-top:1px solid white;}} .dEfJbW.isHide{display:none;} @media (min-width:991.5px){.dEfJbW.isHide{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;}} .dEfJbW .submit__button{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;box-shadow:0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,.5);padding:0 20px;min-height:45px;} .dEfJbW .submit__button span.text{font-size:16px;} .dEfJbW .submit__button img{width:20px;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.dEfJbW .submit__button{min-height:58px;}.dEfJbW .submit__button img{width:22px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.dEfJbW .submit__button{display:none;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-fjmCvl */ .fSPaCp{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;width:100%;font-size:16px;font-weight:500;color:#fff;background-color:#007d8d;line-height:20px;padding:10px 20px;border:0;border-radius:0;border-top:1px solid #fff;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;margin:0;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.fSPaCp{padding:16px 20px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.fSPaCp{border-top:none;border-right:1px solid #fff;padding:14.5px 15px;font-size:14px;}} @media (min-width:1200px){.fSPaCp{padding:14.5px 20px;font-size:16px;}} .fSPaCp .icon__inactive{-webkit-transform:rotateZ(-90deg);-ms-transform:rotateZ(-90deg);transform:rotateZ(-90deg);line-height:20px;} @media (min-width:991.5px){.fSPaCp .icon__inactive{-webkit-transform:rotateZ(0);-ms-transform:rotateZ(0);transform:rotateZ(0);}} .fSPaCp.button__active{background:#fff;color:#4A4A4A;} @media (min-width:767.5px) and (max-width:991.5px){.fSPaCp.button__active{border-right:1px solid #007f8f;}} .fSPaCp .icon__active{-webkit-transform:rotateZ(-90deg);-ms-transform:rotateZ(-90deg);transform:rotateZ(-90deg);line-height:20px;} @media (min-width:991.5px){.fSPaCp .icon__active{-webkit-transform:rotate(0);-ms-transform:rotate(0);transform:rotate(0);}} .fSPaCp .icon__hidden{display:none;}.bVEEaH{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;width:100%;font-size:16px;font-weight:500;color:#fff;background-color:#007d8d;line-height:20px;padding:10px 20px;border:0;border-radius:0;border-top:1px solid #fff;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;margin:0;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.bVEEaH{padding:16px 20px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.bVEEaH{border-top:none;border-right:0;padding:14.5px 15px;font-size:14px;}} @media (min-width:1200px){.bVEEaH{padding:14.5px 20px;font-size:16px;}} .bVEEaH .icon__inactive{-webkit-transform:rotateZ(-90deg);-ms-transform:rotateZ(-90deg);transform:rotateZ(-90deg);line-height:20px;} @media (min-width:991.5px){.bVEEaH .icon__inactive{-webkit-transform:rotateZ(0);-ms-transform:rotateZ(0);transform:rotateZ(0);}} .bVEEaH.button__active{background:#fff;color:#4A4A4A;} @media (min-width:767.5px) and (max-width:991.5px){.bVEEaH.button__active{border-right:1px solid #007f8f;}} .bVEEaH .icon__active{-webkit-transform:rotateZ(-90deg);-ms-transform:rotateZ(-90deg);transform:rotateZ(-90deg);line-height:20px;} @media (min-width:991.5px){.bVEEaH .icon__active{-webkit-transform:rotate(0);-ms-transform:rotate(0);transform:rotate(0);}} .bVEEaH .icon__hidden{display:none;} /* sc-component-id: sc-TFwJa */ .gCIfTO{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;width:100%;font-size:16px;font-weight:500;color:#fff;background-color:#007d8d;line-height:20px;padding:10px 20px;border:0;border-radius:0;border-top:1px solid #fff;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.gCIfTO{padding:16px 20px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.gCIfTO{-webkit-transition:all 0.25s;transition:all 0.25s;border-top:none;border-right:1px solid #fff;border-left:0;padding:14.5px 30px 14.5px 20px;width:calc(100% / 6);font-size:14px;}.gCIfTO:hover{background:#fff;color:#4A4A4A;}} @media (min-width:1200px){.gCIfTO{font-size:16px;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-bHwgHz */ .ctePXh{width:18px;margin-right:-4px;} @media (min-width:991.5px){.ctePXh{width:7px;font-size:7px;}} @media (min-width:1200px){.ctePXh{width:18px;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-krDsej */ .ewCAZX{position:absolute;top:0;width:calc(100% - 20px);right:0;bottom:0;background:#fff;-webkit-transition:-webkit-transform 0.5s;-webkit-transition:transform 0.5s;transition:transform 0.5s;min-height:290px;box-shadow:0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.5);} .ewCAZX.hide__submenu{-webkit-transform:translateX(100%);-ms-transform:translateX(100%);transform:translateX(100%);} @media (min-width:767.5px){.ewCAZX.hide__submenu{-webkit-transform:translateX(-200%);-ms-transform:translateX(-200%);transform:translateX(-200%);}} @media (min-width:767.5px){.ewCAZX{left:100%;width:100%;padding-top:20px;z-index:-1;min-height:375px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.ewCAZX{display:none;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-dTdPqK */ .lkWWFY{-webkit-transition:-webkit-transform 0.5s;-webkit-transition:transform 0.5s;transition:transform 0.5s;display:none;} @media (min-width:991.5px){.lkWWFY.hide__submenu{-webkit-transform:translateY(-300%);-ms-transform:translateY(-300%);transform:translateY(-300%);}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.lkWWFY{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;height:186px;top:49px;left:0;position:absolute;right:0;background:#fff;z-index:-1;box-shadow:0 4px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.21);}} /* sc-component-id: sc-itybZL */ .kdvWPs{font-weight:700;border:0;color:#4A4A4A;padding:10px 0;background-color:#fff;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;} .kdvWPs:focus-visible{outline-width:3px;outline-color:#8fc9ff;outline-style:solid;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.kdvWPs{display:none;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-fzsDOv */ .hAFFGk{margin:0px 10px 2px 20px;-webkit-transform:rotate(90deg);-ms-transform:rotate(90deg);transform:rotate(90deg);display:inline-block;} /* sc-component-id: sc-gPWkxV */ .legory{width:50%;} /* sc-component-id: sc-jVODtj */ .epgILe{color:#007B8B;width:50%;font-size:16px;line-height:26px;margin:auto;padding:0 6%;} /* sc-component-id: sc-kUaPvJ */ .ehYbwJ{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;width:50%;padding:24.5px 2% 0;-webkit-order:0;-ms-flex-order:0;order:0;} @media (min-width:1024px){.ehYbwJ{padding:24.5px 3% 0;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-giadOv */ .eBepOs{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;width:100%;} @media (min-width:991.5px){.eBepOs{width:calc(100% / 6);}.eBepOs:first-child{border-left:none;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-fONwsr */ .kCfRMJ{background-color:#D8D8D8;position:absolute;left:50%;display:inline-block;height:121px;width:2px;top:33px;} /* sc-component-id: sc-LKuAh */ .lcOiDF{padding:0;margin:10px 0 25px 0;} /* sc-component-id: sc-iBEsjs */ .kPshFw{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;border:none;font-size:12px;font-weight:500;margin-top:7px;padding:0;color:#4D8A17;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:pointer;} .kPshFw:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.kPshFw{margin-top:10px;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-hzNEM */ .gsmOCv{overflow-y:hidden;height:auto;max-height:100%;-webkit-transition:all .5s;transition:all .5s;background-color:#F2F2F2;padding:0 16px;} .gsmOCv.isHide{max-height:0;-webkit-transition:all .5s;transition:all .5s;} .gsmOCv p{font-size:14px;line-height:22px;} .gsmOCv sup{margin-top:-5px;} /* sc-component-id: sc-chbbiW */ .mBGSe{padding:0;} /* sc-component-id: sc-kZmsYB */ .bkiEfx{font-size:14px;font-weight:700;line-height:16px;-webkit-letter-spacing:0.58px;-moz-letter-spacing:0.58px;-ms-letter-spacing:0.58px;letter-spacing:0.58px;margin:23px 0 0px !important;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.bkiEfx{margin:34px 0 0px !important;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.bkiEfx{margin:-4px 0 0 !important;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-RcBXQ */ .ztvYg{font-size:14px;line-height:22px;} .ztvYg a{color:#4D8A17;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:pointer;} .ztvYg a:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;} /* sc-component-id: sc-iSDuPN */ @font-face{font-family:'STIXGeneral-Bold';src:url('https://static-01.hindawi.com/next_assets/IQyEAurKlbWLJ7u7ASizn/_next/static/node_modules/hindawi-ui/fonts/STIXGeneral-Bold.otf');font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;} .gbcGIy{font-weight:700;font-family:STIXGeneral-Bold;margin:19px 0 22px;font-size:25px;line-height:28px;-webkit-letter-spacing:normal;-moz-letter-spacing:normal;-ms-letter-spacing:normal;letter-spacing:normal;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.gbcGIy{font-size:25px;margin:20px 0 23px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.gbcGIy{font-size:30px;line-height:34px;margin:19px 0 22px;}} .gbcGIy p{margin:0;} /* sc-component-id: sc-fZwumE */ .cUsFHx{padding:0 3px;} /* sc-component-id: sc-fQejPQ */ .duuwge{font-size:14px;} .duuwge:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;} /* sc-component-id: sc-jtRlXQ */ @font-face{font-family:'STIXGeneral-Regular';src:url('https://static-01.hindawi.com/next_assets/IQyEAurKlbWLJ7u7ASizn/_next/static/node_modules/hindawi-ui/fonts/STIXGeneral-Regular.otf');font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;} @font-face{src:url('https://static-01.hindawi.com/next_assets/IQyEAurKlbWLJ7u7ASizn/_next/static/node_modules/hindawi-ui/fonts/STIXGeneral-Regular.otf');font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;} @font-face{font-family:'STIXGeneral-Regular';src:url('https://static-01.hindawi.com/next_assets/IQyEAurKlbWLJ7u7ASizn/_next/static/node_modules/hindawi-ui/fonts/STIXGeneral-Regular.otf');font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;} .bfymXb{font-family:STIXGeneral-Regular;text-align:justify;} .bfymXb a{word-break:break-all;} .bfymXb h4:first-of-type{border-top:0px solid #E3E3E3;padding-top:0;} .bfymXb h4{font-size:20px;font-family:"IBM Plex Sans",sans-serif;border-top:1px solid #E3E3E3;padding-top:23px;margin-top:15px;margin-bottom:-3px;} .bfymXb h4#abstract{margin-top:-7px;margin-bottom:-3px;} @media (min-width:767.5){.bfymXb h4#abstract{margin-top:-6px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.bfymXb h4#abstract{margin-top:34px;}} .bfymXb h4.references,.bfymXb h4.copyright{border-top:1px solid #E3E3E3;padding-top:23px;} .bfymXb h4.references{margin-bottom:-8px;} .bfymXb h5,.bfymXb h6{margin:22px 0;font-size:16px;word-break:break-word;} .bfymXb h6{margin:25px 0;text-align:left;} .bfymXb p{font-size:16px;word-break:break-word;} .bfymXb .floats-partial-section{border:1px solid #E3E3E3;margin:25px auto;} @media (max-width:767px){.bfymXb .floats-partial-section{margin:0 auto;overflow-x:hidden;}} .bfymXb .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-content{padding:19px 0px 19px 0px;height:254px;width:96%;overflow:hidden;margin:0 auto;position:relative;cursor:pointer;} .bfymXb .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-content table{margin:0 auto;} .bfymXb .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-content .table-group{width:-webkit-fit-content;width:-moz-fit-content;width:fit-content;} .bfymXb .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-content .table-group table{width:-webkit-fit-content;width:-moz-fit-content;width:fit-content;} .bfymXb .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-content .table-group table object{z-index:-1;position:relative;} .bfymXb .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-content .table-group table td{padding:4px 7px;} .bfymXb .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-content .table-group table td.align_left{text-align:left;} .bfymXb .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-content .table-group table td.align_center{text-align:center;} @media (min-width:768px){.bfymXb .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-content{padding:22px 0px 0 0px;height:197px;}} @media (min-width:992px){.bfymXb .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-content{padding:23px 0px 13px 0px;height:215px;}} .bfymXb .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-content:after{content:"";height:20%;position:absolute;bottom:0;right:0;left:0;background:-moz-linear-gradient(left,rgba(255,255,255,.7) 0%,rgba(255,255,255,.7) 56%,rgba(255,255,255,.7) 100%);background:-webkit-gradient(linear,left top,right top,color-stop(0%,rgba(255,255,255,.7)),color-stop(56%,rgba(255,255,255,.7)),color-stop(100%,rgba(255,255,255,.7)));background:-webkit-linear-gradient(rgba(255,255,255,0) 0%,rgba(255,255,255,0.5) 30%,rgba(255,255,255,0.7) 56%,rgba(255,255,255,0.9) 75%,rgba(255,255,255,1) 100%);background:-o-linear-gradient(left,rgba(255,255,255,.7) 0%,rgba(255,255,255,.7) 56%,rgba(255,255,255,.7) 100%);background:-ms-linear-gradient(left,rgba(255,255,255,.7) 0%,rgba(255,255,255,.7) 56%,rgba(255,255,255,.7) 100%);background:linear-gradient(left,rgba(255,255,255,.7) 0%,rgba(255,255,255,.7) 56%,rgba(255,255,255,.7) 100%);-webkit-filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient( startColorstr='#00ffffff',endColorstr='#ffffff',GradientType=1 );filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient( startColorstr='#00ffffff',endColorstr='#ffffff',GradientType=1 );} .bfymXb .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer{background-color:#F2F2F2;border-top:1px solid #E3E3E3;} .bfymXb .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:end;-webkit-justify-content:flex-end;-ms-flex-pack:end;justify-content:flex-end;} .bfymXb .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .minimize_btn{-webkit-flex:1;-ms-flex:1;flex:1;background:url('data:image/svg+xml;base64,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') no-repeat 6px;background-position:center;margin-top:10px;min-width:55px;} @media (min-width:768px){.bfymXb .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .minimize_btn{display:none;}} .bfymXb .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .expand_btn{-webkit-flex:1;-ms-flex:1;flex:1;background:url('data:image/svg+xml;base64,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') no-repeat 6px;background-position:center;margin-top:10px;min-width:55px;display:none;} @media (min-width:768px){.bfymXb .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .expand_btn{display:none;}} .bfymXb .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-text{-webkit-flex:9;-ms-flex:9;flex:9;text-align:left;padding:21px 37px 10px 0px;font-size:16px;font-weight:700;} @media (min-width:768px){.bfymXb .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-text{padding:19px 18px 10px 18px;}} @media (min-width:992px){.bfymXb .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-text{padding:19px 21px 10px 21px;}} .bfymXb .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-partial-url{-webkit-flex:1;-ms-flex:1;flex:1;background:url('data:image/svg+xml;base64,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') no-repeat 6px;background-position:center;padding:16px 0 16px 0;min-width:62px;max-width:62px;} @media (min-width:768px){.bfymXb .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-partial-url{padding:16px 0 17px 0;min-width:52px;max-width:52px;}} @media (min-width:992px){.bfymXb .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-partial-url{padding:15px 0 17px 0;min-width:60px;max-width:60px;}} .bfymXb .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-partial-url:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;} .bfymXb .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption-text{font-size:14px;padding:0px 18px 17px 22px;} @media (min-width:768px){.bfymXb .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption-text{padding:0px 15px 15px 18px;}} @media (min-width:992px){.bfymXb .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption-text{padding:0px 18px 19px 21px;}} .bfymXb .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption-text figcaption{margin:0;padding:0;} .bfymXb .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption-text svg{max-width:100%;} .bfymXb ol{font-size:16px;padding-left:32px;font-family:STIXGeneral-Regular;line-height:24px;margin:15px 0;} .bfymXb ol li{margin:10px 0;padding-left:10px;word-break:normal;} .bfymXb ol li a{word-break:break-all;} .bfymXb ol li .reflinks{display:block;} .bfymXb ol li .reflinks a{color:#4D8A17;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:pointer;} .bfymXb ol li .reflinks a:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;} .bfymXb ol li .reflinks .sep{color:#000000;} .bfymXb .table-wrapper{width:auto;overflow-x:auto;} .bfymXb .table-wrapper::-webkit-scrollbar{-webkit-appearance:none;width:5px;height:5px;} .bfymXb .table-wrapper::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb{border-radius:5px;background-color:rgba(0,0,0,.5);-webkit-box-shadow:0 0 1px rgba(255,255,255,.5);} @media (min-width:768px){.bfymXb .table-wrapper{overflow-x:auto;width:auto;-webkit-break-word:word-break;break-word:word-break;margin:0 auto;}} @media (min-width:992px){.bfymXb .table-wrapper{width:auto;}} @media (min-width:1324px){.bfymXb .table-wrapper{width:auto;}} @media (min-width:320px){.bfymXb{margin-bottom:33px;padding:0;}} @media (min-width:992px){.bfymXb{padding:0;margin-bottom:100px;}} @media (min-width:1325px){.bfymXb{margin-bottom:100px;}} .bfymXb .owl-stage{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;} .bfymXb .floats-partial-middle--thumbs{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;} .bfymXb .floats-partial-middle--thumbs .partial-carousel-dot svg{fill:#4D8A17;} .bfymXb .floats-partial-middle--thumbs .partial-carousel-dot strong{color:#4D8A17;font-weight:500;} .bfymXb .floats-partial-middle--thumbs .partial-carousel-dot.active strong{color:#007B8B;} .bfymXb .floats-partial-middle--thumbs .partial-carousel-dot.active svg{fill:#007B8B;} .bfymXb .floats-partial-middle--thumbs .partial-carousel-dot .nowrap{white-space:nowrap;} .bfymXb .partial-carousel-dot{text-align:center;cursor:pointer;border:0;width:100px;padding-bottom:20px;background-color:#fff;display:table-cell;} .bfymXb .partial-carousel-dot:focus-visible{outline-offset:-3px;} .bfymXb .partial-carousel-dot strong{font-size:11px;padding-top:12px;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.bfymXb .partial-carousel-dot strong{font-size:16px;}} .bfymXb .partial-carousel-dot img{width:90px;height:90px;border:1px solid #979797;margin:10px 0;} .bfymXb .partial-carousel-wrapper .floats-partial-middle{border-top:1px solid #e3e3e3;display:block;margin-bottom:50px;padding-top:1px;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.bfymXb .partial-carousel-wrapper .floats-partial-middle{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;margin-bottom:0;}} .bfymXb .partial-carousel--single-image{overflow:hidden;text-align:center;} .bfymXb .partial-carousel--single-image img{width:100%;max-height:239px;height:auto;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.bfymXb .partial-carousel--single-image img{max-height:357px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.bfymXb .partial-carousel--single-image img{max-height:417px;}} .bfymXb .partial-carousel--single-image strong{font-size:11px;padding-top:12px;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.bfymXb .partial-carousel--single-image strong{font-size:16px;}} .bfymXb .owl-nav,.bfymXb .owl-dots{display:none;} .bfymXb .partial-carousel-wrapper .owl-loaded{position:relative;height:auto;max-height:287px;} @media (min-width:767.6px){.bfymXb .partial-carousel-wrapper .owl-loaded{max-height:414px;}} @media (min-width:767.5px){.bfymXb .partial-carousel-wrapper .owl-loaded{max-height:477px;}} .bfymXb .partial-carousel-wrapper .floats-partial-content,.bfymXb .owl-stage-outer,.bfymXb .owl-stage{max-height:287px;height:auto;} @media (min-width:767.6px){.bfymXb .partial-carousel-wrapper .floats-partial-content,.bfymXb .owl-stage-outer,.bfymXb .owl-stage{max-height:414px;}} @media (min-width:767.5px){.bfymXb .partial-carousel-wrapper .floats-partial-content,.bfymXb .owl-stage-outer,.bfymXb .owl-stage{max-height:477px;}} .bfymXb .partial-carousel-wrapper .floats-partial-content::after,.bfymXb .owl-stage-outer::after,.bfymXb .owl-stage::after{background:transparent;} .bfymXb .partial-carousel-wrapper .floats-partial-middle--thumbs{width:100%;overflow-x:auto;-webkit-align-items:self-start;-webkit-box-align:self-start;-ms-flex-align:self-start;align-items:self-start;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.bfymXb .partial-carousel-wrapper .floats-partial-middle--thumbs{width:calc(100% - 110px);}} .bfymXb .partial-carousel-wrapper .floats-partial-middle--nav{width:100%;position:relative;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.bfymXb .partial-carousel-wrapper .floats-partial-middle--nav{width:20%;}} .bfymXb .floats-partial-middle{position:relative;} .bfymXb .partial-carousel-wrapper .carousel-prev{background:url('data:image/svg+xml;base64,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') no-repeat 17.5px;height:50px;width:61px;display:inline-block;border:0;border-right:1px solid #E3E3E3;padding:0;cursor:pointer;background-position-y:54.35%;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.bfymXb .partial-carousel-wrapper .carousel-prev{width:51px;background-position-x:8px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.bfymXb .partial-carousel-wrapper .carousel-prev{width:59px;background-position-x:16px;}} .bfymXb .partial-carousel-wrapper .carousel-next{background:url('data:image/svg+xml;base64,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') no-repeat 18.5px;height:52px;width:61px;display:inline-block;padding:0px;cursor:pointer;border:0;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.bfymXb .partial-carousel-wrapper .carousel-next{width:51px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.bfymXb .partial-carousel-wrapper .carousel-next{width:59px;}} .bfymXb .partial-carousel-wrapper .partial-carousel-next-prev{position:absolute;right:0;bottom:-50px;height:50px;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.bfymXb .partial-carousel-wrapper .partial-carousel-next-prev{bottom:0;}} .bfymXb .partial-carousel-wrapper .floats-partial-content{padding:12px;} .bfymXb .partial-carousel-wrapper .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-partial-url{border-left:none;} .bfymXb .partial-other-wrapper[data-section*="tab"] .floats-partial-content{display:none;} .bfymXb .partial-other-wrapper[data-section*="tab"] .floats-partial-footer{background-image:url(https://w2o-xhtml-parsed-preprod.s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/table_thumb.svg);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-position:17px 17px;background-size:100px 70px;border-top:none;min-height:110px;position:relative;} .bfymXb .partial-other-wrapper[data-section*="tab"] .floats-partial-footer .table-thumb-overlay{cursor:pointer;position:absolute;left:17px;top:17px;height:70px;width:100px;} .bfymXb .partial-other-wrapper[data-section*="tab"] .floats-partial-footer .caption-text{padding-left:137px;padding-right:0px;position:relative;} .bfymXb .partial-other-wrapper[data-section*="tab"] .floats-partial-footer .caption-text .caption-text-overlay{cursor:pointer;position:absolute;top:20px;left:135px;height:20px;width:60px;} .bfymXb .partial-other-wrapper[data-section*="tab"] .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption-text{color:black;display:block !important;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;width:auto;margin-left:140px;margin-right:20px;padding:0px 0px 15px 0px;width:-webkit-fit-content;width:-moz-fit-content;width:fit-content;} .bfymXb .partial-other-wrapper[data-section*="tab"] .floats-partial-footer .minimize_btn{display:none !important;} .bfymXb .partial-other-wrapper[data-section*="tab"] .floats-partial-footer .expand_btn{display:none !important;} @media (max-width:567px){.bfymXb .partial-other-wrapper[data-section*="tab"] .floats-partial-footer{background-size:60px 45px;}.bfymXb .partial-other-wrapper[data-section*="tab"] .floats-partial-footer .table-thumb-overlay{height:45px;width:60px;}.bfymXb .partial-other-wrapper[data-section*="tab"] .floats-partial-footer .caption-text{padding:30px 0px 15px 95px;}.bfymXb .partial-other-wrapper[data-section*="tab"] .floats-partial-footer .caption-text .caption-text-overlay{top:30px;left:95px;}.bfymXb .partial-other-wrapper[data-section*="tab"] .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption-text{margin:0px 20px;}} .bfymXb .owl-item{overflow-y:hidden;margin-bottom:0;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;} .bfymXb .supplementary--docs{display:-ms-flexbox;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;padding-left:2em;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.bfymXb .supplementary--docs{padding-left:1em;}} .bfymXb .supplementary--docs li{-ms-flex:0 0 100%;-webkit-flex:0 0 100%;-ms-flex:0 0 100%;flex:0 0 100%;max-width:100%;} @media (min-width:991.5px){.bfymXb .supplementary--docs li{-ms-flex:0 0 50%;-webkit-flex:0 0 50%;-ms-flex:0 0 50%;flex:0 0 50%;max-width:50%;}} .bfymXb .supplementary--docs li a::after{content:'';background :url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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) no-repeat 5px;padding-right:35px;background-size:14px;} .bfymXb .dataset-section .supplementary--dpis-desc{padding-left:19px;} .bfymXb .dataset-section .supplementary--dpis-desc p{margin:10px 0;} .bfymXb .table-group.fixed-width,.bfymXb .table-group.sidewaystable{min-width:auto;} .bfymXb .noliststyle{padding-left:1em;} .bfymXb .noliststyle li{padding-left:0;} .bfymXb .xml-content > hr{display:none;} .bfymXb sup,.bfymXb sub{vertical-align:baseline;position:relative;top:5px;} .bfymXb sup{top:-5px;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.bfymXb a{position:relative;}} .bfymXb a div.tooltip{cursor:auto;position:absolute;width:280px;background:#fff;border:1px solid #adadad;padding:20px;margin:0;display:none;z-index:2;color:#000;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.bfymXb a div.tooltip{width:400px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.bfymXb a div.tooltip{width:572px;}} .bfymXb a div.tooltip .cross{position:absolute;right:10px;top:10px;display:block;height:14px;width:14px;cursor:pointer;} .bfymXb a div.tooltip ol{margin:0;padding:0 0 10px 20px;} .bfymXb a div.tooltip ol li{text-align:left;margin:0;} .bfymXb a div.tooltip.left{left:20px;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.bfymXb a div.tooltip.left{left:-20px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.bfymXb a div.tooltip.left{left:-100px;}} .bfymXb a div.tooltip.right{right:20px;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.bfymXb a div.tooltip.right{right:-20px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.bfymXb a div.tooltip.right{right:-100px;}} .bfymXb a div.tooltip a.seeRef{padding-left:30px;} .bfymXb .gloss-abbr tr td:first-child{white-space:nowrap;} .bfymXb table.algorithm td{word-break:keep-all;} .bfymXb h4#copyright + p a{word-break:break-word;} /* sc-component-id: sc-bGbJRg */ .dVCLgr{width:100%;} @media (min-width:991.5px){.dVCLgr{width:19%;}} @media (min-width:1280px){.dVCLgr{width:24%;max-width:350px;}} .dVCLgr p{border:1px solid #E3E3E3;} /* sc-component-id: sc-bEjcJn */ .jLUVhb{-webkit-flex:1 0 30%;-ms-flex:1 0 30%;flex:1 0 30%;list-style:none;padding:0;-webkit-transition:-webkit-transform 0.5s;-webkit-transition:transform 0.5s;transition:transform 0.5s;} @media (min-width:320px) and (max-width:991.5px){.jLUVhb{position:fixed;width:100%;z-index:2;margin:0;margin-top:50px;top:169px;max-height:calc(100vh - 165px);overflow-y:auto;}} @media (min-width:767.5px) and (max-width:991.5px){.jLUVhb{top:179px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px) and (max-width:1200px){.jLUVhb{max-width:354px;-webkit-flex:1 0 20%;-ms-flex:1 0 20%;flex:1 0 20%;}} @media (min-width:1200px){.jLUVhb{-webkit-flex:1 0 25%;-ms-flex:1 0 25%;flex:1 0 25%;max-width:354px;}} .jLUVhb p{margin:0;padding:10px 0;font-size:16px;font-weight:700;line-height:24px;display:none;} @media (min-width:991.5px){.jLUVhb p{display:block;padding:10px 20px;border:1px solid #E3E3E3;border-bottom:0;}} .jLUVhb.links__hidden{display:none;} @media (min-width:991.5px){.jLUVhb.links__hidden{display:block;}} .jLUVhb.translate{-webkit-transform :translateY(-120px);-ms-transform :translateY(-120px);transform :translateY(-120px);} @media (min-width:768px){.jLUVhb.translate{-webkit-transform:translateY(-130px);-ms-transform:translateY(-130px);transform:translateY(-130px);}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.jLUVhb.translate{-webkit-transform:none;-ms-transform:none;transform:none;}.jLUVhb.translate #leftSectionMenu{-webkit-transform:translateY(-130px);-ms-transform:translateY(-130px);transform:translateY(-130px);}} /* sc-component-id: sc-ePZHVD */ .ewHMLz{color:#4A4A4A;} /* sc-component-id: sc-likbZx */ .bBmZJZ{font-size:16px;font-weight:500;line-height:20px;color:#4A4A4A;border:1px solid #E3E3E3;border-bottom:0;background-color:#f2f2f2;display:list-item;} @media (min-width:991px){.bBmZJZ{-webkit-transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;}.bBmZJZ:hover{background-color :#D8D8D8;-webkit-transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;}} .bBmZJZ:last-child{border-bottom:1px solid #E3E3E3;} .bBmZJZ a{display:block;padding:10px 20px;} /* sc-component-id: sc-eKZiaR */ .dzZrgS{position:fixed;width:100%;height:50px;color:#4D8A17;background-color:#F2F2F2;border:none;font-size:16px;line-height:18px;font-weight:500;z-index:2;top:170px;-webkit-transition:-webkit-transform 0.5s;-webkit-transition:transform 0.5s;transition:transform 0.5s;text-align:left;border-top:1px solid #FFFFFF;} @media (min-width:320px) and (max-width:991.5px){.dzZrgS{padding-left:15px;border-bottom:4px solid #FFFFFF;}.dzZrgS.is-open{border-bottom:4px solid #F2F2F2;}} @media (min-width:767.5px){.dzZrgS{top:179px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.dzZrgS{display:none;}} .dzZrgS .icon__dots{cursor:pointer;-webkit-transform:rotate(90deg) translateY(8px);-ms-transform:rotate(90deg) translateY(8px);transform:rotate(90deg) translateY(8px);margin-right:15px;} @media (min-width:991.5px){.dzZrgS .icon__dots{padding-right:20px;margin-bottom:2px;-webkit-transform:none;-ms-transform:none;transform:none;}} .dzZrgS.translate{-webkit-transform :translateY(-120px);-ms-transform :translateY(-120px);transform :translateY(-120px);top:170px;} @media(min-width:991.5px){.dzZrgS.translate{-webkit-transform :translateY(-130px) rotate(90deg);-ms-transform :translateY(-130px) rotate(90deg);transform :translateY(-130px) rotate(90deg);}} /* sc-component-id: sc-jrIrqw */ .eHMFfo{padding:0;margin:20px 0;} .eHMFfo span{font-size:14px;} .eHMFfo span.isHide{display:none;} .eHMFfo span i{font-style:italic;} .eHMFfo span i.isHide{display:none;} /* sc-component-id: sc-hjRWVT */ .irNWJI{width:16px;margin:0 2px 2px;} /* sc-component-id: sc-iQtOjA */ .kfDwZY{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;border:none;font-size:12px;font-weight:500;margin-top:7px;padding:0;color:#4D8A17;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:pointer;} .kfDwZY:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.kfDwZY{margin-top:5px;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-fHxwqH */ .dMuGGA{overflow-y:hidden;height:auto;max-height:100%;-webkit-transition:all .5s;transition:all .5s;} .dMuGGA.isHide{max-height:0;-webkit-transition:all .5s;transition:all .5s;} .dMuGGA p:first-child{margin-top:15px;} .dMuGGA p{font-size:14px;line-height:23px;display:block;} .dMuGGA sup{margin-top:-5px;} /* sc-component-id: sc-cEvuZC */ .XkrFe{border:none;border-top:1px solid #E3E3E3;height:2px;margin:15px 0;} .XkrFe.hr__author{margin-bottom:12px;} /* sc-component-id: sc-cBdUnI */ @media (min-width:320px) and (max-width:991.5px){.hRnXob{display:none;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.hRnXob{z-index:1;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-exkUMo */ .hymroZ{background-color:#6ba339;color:#ffffff;display:none;} .hymroZ span.text{padding-left:20px;} @media (min-width:991px){.hymroZ{-webkit-transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;}.hymroZ:hover{background-color :#D8D8D8;-webkit-transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-kcDeIU */ .cbcyj{background-color:#f2f2f2;color:#4a4a4a;display:none;} .cbcyj span.text{padding-left:20px;} @media (min-width:991.5px) and (max-width:1279.5px){.cbcyj{display:none !important;}} @media (min-width:991px){.cbcyj{-webkit-transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;}.cbcyj:hover{background-color :#D8D8D8;-webkit-transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.cbcyj.hide{display:none !important;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-BngTV */ .hmDWcT{background-color:#f2f2f2;color:#4a4a4a;display:none;} .hmDWcT span.text{padding-left:20px;} @media (min-width:1279.5px){.hmDWcT{display:none !important;}} @media (min-width:991px){.hmDWcT{-webkit-transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;}.hmDWcT:hover{background-color :#5D9230;-webkit-transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.hmDWcT.hide{display:none !important;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-hBbWxd */ .kdRRST{background-color:#f2f2f2;border-top:1px solid #ffffff;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;font-size:14px;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;padding:20px 55px 20px 25px;} @media (max-width:1279.5px){.kdRRST{padding-right:20px;}} @media (max-width:991.5px){.kdRRST{display:none;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-dyGzUR */ .cHatnS div{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;} .cHatnS div:last-of-type{padding-top:20px;} .cHatnS span{color:#4F4F4F;font-size:20px;font-weight:700;line-height:26px;} /* sc-component-id: sc-drKuOJ */ .kxdGAZ{-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column-reverse;-ms-flex-direction:column-reverse;flex-direction:column-reverse;height:100%;-webkit-box-pack:end;-webkit-justify-content:flex-end;-ms-flex-pack:end;justify-content:flex-end;} .kxdGAZ span{padding-top:15px;} /* sc-component-id: sc-cTjmhe */ @media (min-width:991.5px){.ihmyEq{width:100%;z-index:1;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-cugefK */ .itFKcQ{background-color:#F2F2F2;color:#4A4A4A;border-top:1px solid #FFFFFF;font-size:16px;font-weight:500;padding:20px;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;cursor:pointer;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;} @media (min-width:991px){.itFKcQ{-webkit-transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;}.itFKcQ:hover{background-color :#D8D8D8;-webkit-transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.itFKcQ.hide{display:none !important;}} .itFKcQ.active .icon-themeable{-webkit-transform:rotate(180deg);-ms-transform:rotate(180deg);transform:rotate(180deg);} /* sc-component-id: sc-fnwBNb */ .etzuBr{display:none;} /* sc-component-id: sc-iNhVCk */ .gWgCNb{background-color:#f2f2f2;border-radius:0;border-top:1px solid #e3e3e3;font-size:16px;color:#4a4a4a;font-weight:500;padding:11px 20px;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;} @media (min-width:991px){.gWgCNb{-webkit-transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;}.gWgCNb:hover{background-color :#D8D8D8;-webkit-transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-eAKXzc */ .WHkfb{-webkit-flex:1 0 90%;-ms-flex:1 0 90%;flex:1 0 90%;padding-left:50px;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.WHkfb{padding-left:93px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.WHkfb{padding-left:50px;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-bfYoXt */ .cGuwDn{width:20px;height:24px;} /* sc-component-id: sc-gbOuXE */ .jGPvPL{width:22px;height:21px;padding:2px;} /* sc-component-id: sc-dRFtgE */ .jrsDZP{-webkit-flex:1 0 80%;-ms-flex:1 0 80%;flex:1 0 80%;padding-left:26px;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.jrsDZP{padding-left:69px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.jrsDZP{padding-left:20px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px) and (max-width:1279.5px){.jrsDZP{display:none;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-gkFcWv */ .gWTCXQ{display:none;} @media (min-width:991.5px){.gWTCXQ{padding-left:20px;max-width:100px;display:inline;}} @media (min-width:1279.5px){.gWTCXQ{display:none;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-hUfwpO */ .jHPgUP{width:100%;border-left:1px solid #f2f2f2;border-right:1px solid #f2f2f2;border-bottom:none;cursor:pointer;} .jHPgUP li{background-color:#f2f2f2;} @media (min-width:991px){.jHPgUP li{-webkit-transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;}.jHPgUP li:hover{background-color :#ffffff;-webkit-transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;}} .jHPgUP h3{display:none;} /* sc-component-id: sc-imABML */ .ibWUzs{background-color:#f2f2f2;color:#4a4a4a;display:block;border-top:1px solid #ffffff;border-radius:0;font-size:16px;font-weight:500;padding:20px;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;cursor:pointer;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;} .ibWUzs .right__icon{padding:0;height:16px;width:20px;} @media (min-width:991px){.ibWUzs{-webkit-transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;}.ibWUzs:hover{background-color :#D8D8D8;-webkit-transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.ibWUzs.hide{display:none !important;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-cjHlYL */ .hYnXNL{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;width:25%;float:right;margin-top:-49px;} @media (max-width:374px){.hYnXNL{width:26.5%;}} @media (min-width:992px){.hYnXNL{display:none;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-dRaagA */ .hGCBfz{background-color:#6BA339;color:white;-webkit-flex:1 0 25%;-ms-flex:1 0 25%;flex:1 0 25%;z-index:100;padding:14px 16px 10px 19px;border-radius:0px;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF;} @media (min-width:320px) and (max-width:767px){.hGCBfz{border-bottom:none;padding:16px 16px 14px 16px;font-size:14px;}.hGCBfz .article_toolbar_icon{display:none;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-fEUNkw */ .dfaOeH{margin-right:16px;width:24px;height:24px;} /* sc-component-id: sc-dREXXX */ .cqhPZs{width:16px;height:auto;float:right;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.cqhPZs{width:24px;height:24px;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-nrwXf */ .byflLi{font-size:14px;padding:16px 20px 24px;} @media (max-width:991px){.byflLi{display:none;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-eitiEO */ .jXeALb{font-size:14px;} .jXeALb:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;} /* sc-component-id: sc-bhlBdH */ .UVThf{font-size:14px;font-weight:bold;} /* sc-component-id: sc-OxbzP */ .eEFYIL{width:100%;height:auto;background-color:#4A4A4A;font-family:'IBM Plex Sans',sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:500;color:#fff;padding:15px 20px;line-height:20px;position:fixed;bottom:0px;z-index:3;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;-webkit-transition:-webkit-transform .25s;-webkit-transition:transform .25s;transition:transform .25s;} .eEFYIL a{color:#7ED321;} .eEFYIL p{display:inline;margin:0;} .eEFYIL.hideBanner{-webkit-transform:translateY(100%);-ms-transform:translateY(100%);transform:translateY(100%);} /* sc-component-id: sc-bYnzgO */ .dsXEHZ{background:transparent;border:none;height:20px;width:20px;margin-left:20px;padding:0;cursor:pointer;} /* sc-component-id: sc-cPuPxo */ .iXKuYd{min-width:20px;height:20px;} /* sc-component-id: baseContent__Main-sc-134g3di-2 */ .cmzomn{margin-top:140px;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.cmzomn{margin-top:85px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.cmzomn{margin-top:70px;min-height:calc(100vh - 334px);}} /* sc-component-id: threeColumn__ThreeColumnWrapper-sc-1bf4078-0 */ .dDyxFF{width:100%;} @media only screen and (min-width:992px){.dDyxFF{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-flow:row wrap;-ms-flex-flow:row wrap;flex-flow:row wrap;padding:0 20px;max-width:1440px;margin:0 auto;}} @media (min-width:991.5px) and (max-width:1100.5px){.dDyxFF .partenership__collabText{font-size:12px;}} @media (min-width:1100.5px) and (max-width:1200.5px){.dDyxFF .partenership__collabText{font-size:14px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px) and (max-width:1071.5px){.dDyxFF .partenership__logoWrapper img{margin-left:20px;margin-bottom:10px;}.dDyxFF .partenership__logoWrapper img:last-child{margin-left:0;margin-bottom:0;}} @media (max-width:1150px){.dDyxFF .journal-metrics-container{display:none;}.dDyxFF .journal_report_link-border-helper{display:none;}} /* sc-component-id: threeColumn__LeftWrapper-sc-1bf4078-1 */ @media only screen and (min-width:992px){.fkVFlF{width:20%;}} @media only screen and (min-width:1280px){.fkVFlF{width:25%;}} /* sc-component-id: threeColumn__RightWrapper-sc-1bf4078-2 */ .jzTMLK{-webkit-transition:-webkit-transform 0.5s;-webkit-transition:transform 0.5s;transition:transform 0.5s;} @media only screen and (min-width:992px){.jzTMLK{width:20%;margin-bottom:60px;}.jzTMLK.translate{-webkit-transform:translateY(-130px);-ms-transform:translateY(-130px);transform:translateY(-130px);}} @media only screen and (min-width:1280px){.jzTMLK{width:25%;}} /* sc-component-id: threeColumn__ContentWrapper-sc-1bf4078-3 */ .bbzREB{margin:0 20px;overflow:hidden;} @media only screen and (min-width:992px){.bbzREB{width:calc(60% - 40px);}} @media only screen and (min-width:1280px){.bbzREB{width:calc(50% - 40px);}} /* sc-component-id: threeColumn__Content-sc-1bf4078-4 */ .jknsZc{margin:0 auto;overflow:hidden;} @media only screen and (min-width:768px){.jknsZc{max-width:688px;}} @media only screen and (min-width:992px){.jknsZc{max-width:100%;}} @media only screen and (min-width:1075px){.jknsZc{max-width:572px;}} /* sc-component-id: article__BaseStyle-sc-10qhnp8-0 */ .gnduKR{width:100%;margin-top:170px;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.gnduKR{margin-top:179px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.gnduKR{margin-top:180px;min-height:840px;}} /* sc-component-id: article__StickyStyle-sc-10qhnp8-1 */ .bomGMi{width:100%;max-width:1440px;z-index:3;-webkit-transition:all .5s;transition:all .5s;} .bomGMi.translate{-webkit-transform:translateY(-120px);-ms-transform:translateY(-120px);transform:translateY(-120px);} @media (min-width:767.5px){.bomGMi.translate{-webkit-transform:translateY(-130px);-ms-transform:translateY(-130px);transform:translateY(-130px);}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.bomGMi.translate{-webkit-transform:translateY(-130px);-ms-transform:translateY(-130px);transform:translateY(-130px);}} /* sc-component-id: article__SubtitleStyled-sc-10qhnp8-2 */ .hdSPnx{background-color:#007B8B;opacity:0.8;color:#fff;margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;padding:17px 0 17px 20px;line-height:23px;height:60px;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;font-size:20px;font-weight:500;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.hdSPnx{line-height:26px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.hdSPnx{line-height:50px;padding:5px 0 5px 20px;height:60px;}} /* sc-component-id: article__JournalMenuTitle-sc-10qhnp8-3 */ .dDYYdJ{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;font-size:16px;font-weight:500;line-height:20px;height:50px;width:100%;background-color:#007B8B;color:#fff;text-align:left;padding-left:14px;padding-right:0;border:0;border-top:1px solid #fff;} .dDYYdJ span{font-size:24px;padding-right:14px;} @media (min-width:991.5px){.dDYYdJ{display:none;}} /* sc-component-id: article__WhiteWrapper-sc-10qhnp8-5 */ .bJcSpM{background-color:#fff;display:block;position:relative;} .bJcSpM h1,.bJcSpM h2{color:#fff;} .bJcSpM h2{font-size:20px;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.bJcSpM h2{font-size:25px;}} .bJcSpM h1{font-size:20px;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.bJcSpM h1{font-size:24px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.bJcSpM h1{font-size:40px;}} /* sc-component-id: articleContent__ArticleContentsWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-0 */ .eSvjPB{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;width:100%;} .eSvjPB .author__editor--hr{display:block;} /* sc-component-id: articleContent__ArticleContentsSectionsWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-1 */ .jntdRu{width:100%;} @media (max-width:991.5px){.jntdRu{margin-top:52px;}} .jntdRu p{margin:12px 0;line-height:20px;} .jntdRu .articlecontent__alignment{width:100%;min-width:306px;padding-left:7px;padding-right:7px;} @media (min-width:346px){.jntdRu .articlecontent__alignment{padding-left:20px;padding-right:20px;}} @media (min-width:767.5px){.jntdRu .articlecontent__alignment{width:543px;margin:auto;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.jntdRu .articlecontent__alignment{max-width:612px;width:75%;margin:inherit;margin-left:50px;padding-left:20px;padding-right:20px;}} @media (min-width:1100px){.jntdRu .articlecontent__alignment{margin-left:118px;}} .jntdRu .article__title{padding-bottom:12px;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.jntdRu .article__title{padding-bottom:15px;}} .jntdRu .article__summary{padding-bottom:65px;} @media (min-width:991.5px){.jntdRu .article__summary{padding-bottom:75px;}} @media (min-width:767.5px){.jntdRu #vjs_video_3 button{-webkit-transform:none;-ms-transform:none;transform:none;left:40%;margin-top:0;}} .jntdRu .video-js .vjs-big-play-button{top:calc(50% - 22.5px);left:calc(50% - 50px);} .jntdRu .video-js{margin:20px 0;} .jntdRu a{color:#4D8A17;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:pointer;} .jntdRu a:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;} /* sc-component-id: articleContent__ArticleWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-2 */ .hAzjHP{background-position:0px 0px;background-origin:content-box;background-size:99%;} /* sc-component-id: articleContent__EditorWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-3 */ .evMkvU{padding:0;} /* sc-component-id: articleContent__PublicationTimeLineWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-4 */ .fjviok{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:15px 0 30px;border-bottom:1px solid #E3E3E3;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.fjviok{border-top:1px solid #E3E3E3;margin:20px 0 30px;}} /* sc-component-id: articleContent__PublcationCol-sc-2yl9jy-5 */ .hgKieC{-webkit-flex-basis:0;-ms-flex-preferred-size:0;flex-basis:0;-webkit-box-flex:1;-webkit-flex-grow:1;-ms-flex-positive:1;flex-grow:1;max-width:100%;border-right:1px solid #E3E3E3;padding:5px 0 15px;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.hgKieC{padding:5px 0;}} .hgKieC.notPublished{display:none;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.hgKieC.notPublished{display:block;}} @media (max-width:767.5px){.hgKieC.isPublished{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;}.hgKieC.isPublished span:first-child::after{content:':';padding-right:3px;}} .hgKieC:last-child{border-right:none;} /* sc-component-id: articleContent__PublicationField-sc-2yl9jy-6 */ .cIribm{display:block;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;} /* sc-component-id: articleContent__PublicationValue-sc-2yl9jy-7 */ .khHUcu{display:block;text-align:center;font-size:14px;} /* sc-component-id: articleContent__TextWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-8 */ .fYrLtk{margin:-7px 0 -5px;font-size:14px;} /* sc-component-id: biblio__Wrapper-sc-1nou1lz-0 */ .eyHfWh{position:relative;} .eyHfWh.hide{display:none;} .eyHfWh hr{position:absolute;left:0;right:0;top:-30px;border-top:1px solid #E3E3E3;border-bottom:0;}.cBTaXT.hide{display:none;} .cBTaXT hr{display:none;} /* sc-component-id: biblio__BiblioWrapper-sc-1nou1lz-1 */ @font-face{font-family:'STIXGeneral-Bold';src:url('https://static-01.hindawi.com/next_assets/IQyEAurKlbWLJ7u7ASizn/_next/static/_/hindawi-ui/fonts/STIXGeneral-Regular.otf');} .bvnCfh{padding:0 20px 20px;} .bvnCfh .bib__image{display:none;} .bvnCfh .bib__title{font-size:20px;} .bvnCfh .bib__name{font-size:18px;font-family:'STIXGeneral-Bold',serif !important;color:rgb(74,74,74);font-weight:700;} .bvnCfh .bib--split .bib__link .bib__info,.bvnCfh .bib--split .bib__link.bib__link--image .bib__info,.bvnCfh [class*='bib--txt'] .bib__link .bib__info,.bvnCfh [class*='bib--txt'] .bib__link.bib__link--image .bib__info{padding:10px 0 !important;} .bvnCfh .bib__author{font-size:14px;line-height:22px;color:rgb(132,132,132);margin-top:3px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-right:20px;opacity:1;font-family:'IBM Plex Sans',sans-serif;font-weight:500;} .bvnCfh #biblio_sidebar .bib__link{border-top:1px solid rgb(227,227,227) !important;padding-top:5px !important;padding-bottom:5px !important;} .bvnCfh #biblio_sidebar .bib__link:first-child{border-top:0 !important;padding-top:0 !important;} .bvnCfh #biblio_sidebar .bib__link:first-child .bib__info{padding-top:0 !important;} .bvnCfh #biblio_widget .bib--split .bib__link .bib__info,.bvnCfh #biblio_widget .bib--split .bib__link.bib__link--image .bib__info{padding:10px 15px 10px 0 !important;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.bvnCfh{padding:0 40px 20px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.bvnCfh{padding:0 20px;}} /* sc-component-id: biblio__H4-sc-1nou1lz-2 */ .becpDt{font-size:20px;font-family:'IBM Plex Sans';color:#000;font-weight:600;margin-top:34px;margin-bottom:18px;padding:0 20px;} /* sc-component-id: journal_article__ArticleStickyTopToolbar-sc-12fk6zy-0 */ .gbrQxi{display:none;} @media (min-width:991.5px){.gbrQxi{display:block;}.gbrQxi .article_top_toolbar{top:110px;z-index:-100;}.gbrQxi .article_top_toolbar .pdf_desktop{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;}.gbrQxi .article_top_toolbar .ref_desktop{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;}} .gbrQxi .article_toolbar_views{margin-top:-58px;display:block;text-align:right;} /* sc-component-id: journal_article__ArticleStickyBottomToolbar-sc-12fk6zy-1 */ @media (min-width:991.5px){.isgRZA .article_bottom_toolbar{top:292px;z-index:-10;}} /* sc-component-id: journal_article__BreadCrumbStyle-sc-12fk6zy-2 */ @media (min-width:991.5px){.bjwAQR{padding:16px 20px 24px;height:60px;}} /* sc-component-id: journal_article__ArticleBaseStyle-sc-12fk6zy-3 */ .NQpXC .content,.NQpXC .contentWrapper{overflow:visible;} /* sc-component-id: journal_article__BiblioIntegratorSidebar-sc-12fk6zy-4 */ .cYsVdk{max-width:350px;} @media (max-width:991.5px){.cYsVdk{display:none !important;}} /* sc-component-id: journal_article__BiblioIntegratorWidget-sc-12fk6zy-5 */ .dbAANp{background-color:#f5f5f5;padding:15px 20px 24px 20px;margin-top:2px;margin-bottom:20px;} @media (min-width:991.5px){.dbAANp{margin-top:-64px;margin-bottom:40px;}} .dbAANp .hrTitleRef{padding:0;margin-top:0;font-family:'IBM Plex Sans',sans-serif;} .dbAANp #biblio_widget{padding:0;}</style> </head> <body style="margin:0;box-sizing:border-box"> <div id="__next"> <div class="static_page"> <div class="page no__focus__outline"> <header class="sc-fjdhpX jzXSTA"> <div class="sc-bZQynM bNmdOy E_HUmlU2Hj3PpkDmWzKPd header__padding"> <div class="sc-kAzzGY epRoim mobileLogoFlex _1fpqArXPCxgnlv2rXZC2sl _1SoDWGr_FVsil9klRfjnhb"> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link" href="//www.newsama.com/" aria-label="Home"><img alt="标志”src="https://preprod-admin.w2o.hindawi.com/themes/custom/hindawi_extended/logo.svg" class="sc-ckVGcZ gjctdt"></a> </div> <div class="sc-jzJRlG jGJLow mobileButtonFlex _2v1j-tLx3hx0tgKcpPzH6B _3wm8FgzqRuRWouJG31YgKx E_HUmlU2Hj3PpkDmWzKPd"> <nav class="sc-bxivhb ivbKJD"> <ul class="sc-ifAKCX fopjOz sc-kpOJdX kAzjOl"> <li class="navigation__link"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link link" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/" aria-label="Journals">期刊</一个></li> <li class="navigation__link"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link link" href="//www.newsama.com/publish-research/" aria-label="Publish with us">雷电竞下载苹果</a></li> <li class="navigation__link"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link link" href="//www.newsama.com/publishing-partnerships/" aria-label="Publishing partnerships">raybet推荐吗</a></li> <li class="navigation__link"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link link" href="//www.newsama.com/about/" aria-label="About us">关于我们</一个></li> <li class="navigation__link"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link link" href="//www.newsama.com/blog/" aria-label="Blog">博客</一个></li> </ul> </nav> <button class="sc-chPdSV hbVEoI icon__search" aria-label="Search"><span class="sc-htoDjs khbeDd icon__search icon-colored _3hSk3ArgsWMFh5QJIGblNr icon-themeable" title="" font-size="24"></span></button> <button aria-label="Hamburger Menu" class="sc-cSHVUG ldSkVQ"><span class="sc-htoDjs khbeDd hamburger icon-colored _20YUA8q5mREEBfJm8VsdXV icon-themeable" title="" font-size="24"></span></button> </div> </div> </header> <div class="sc-bZQynM bNmdOy"></div> <main class="baseContent__Main-sc-134g3di-2 cmzomn article__BaseStyle-sc-10qhnp8-0 gnduKR DADtd11SJ4KyWZ2l6zAnr base_style journal_article__ArticleBaseStyle-sc-12fk6zy-3 NQpXC"> <div class="sc-bZQynM bNmdOy width_wrapper"> <div id="journal__navigation" class="sc-cbkKFq kuxTps article__StickyStyle-sc-10qhnp8-1 bomGMi"> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link article__WhiteWrapper-sc-10qhnp8-5 bJcSpM" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/aor/" aria-label=""><h2 class="sc-eHgmQL fTkdCR article__SubtitleStyled-sc-10qhnp8-2 hdSPnx _1ZrXcsbATVL_kHOpFAan9k">行动研究进展</gydF4y2Bah2></a> <button class="article__JournalMenuTitle-sc-10qhnp8-3 dDYYdJ journalNavCheck" id="journalMenuTitle"><span>+</gydF4y2Baspan>杂志菜单</gydF4y2Babutton> <div class="sc-bdVaJa EwsTm isHide" id="fadeOut"></div> <div class="sc-cjHlYL hYnXNL"> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-dRaagA hGCBfz article-toolbar-link" href="//www.newsama.com/downloads/journals/aor/2012/393890.pdf" aria-label="" target="_blank"><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl sc-fEUNkw dfaOeH article_toolbar_icon" title="" role="presentation" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/next_assets/IQyEAurKlbWLJ7u7ASizn/_next/static/node_modules/hindawi-ui/src/icon/svg/pdf.svg" height="24">PDF<我米g一个lt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl sc-dREXXX cqhPZs" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="24"></a> </div> <nav id="journal__nav" class="sc-hGoxap dEfJbW article__JournalNavigationStyle-sc-10qhnp8-4 gaRePw isHide journalNavCheck"> <div class="sc-giadOv eBepOs journalNavCheck"> <button class="sc-hSdWYo etauus sc-fjmCvl fSPaCp journalNavCheck" color="">日报》概述<gydF4y2Baspan class="sc-htoDjs gvAGTV sc-bHwgHz ctePXh journalNavCheck icon__inactive icon-white _1CwL9R82TPl2HxDleeYGDR icon-themeable" title="" font-size="9"></span><span class="sc-htoDjs gvAGTV sc-bHwgHz ctePXh journalNavCheck icon__active icon-colored icon__hidden _1CwL9R82TPl2HxDleeYGDR icon-themeable" title="" font-size="9"></span></button> </div> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-TFwJa gCIfTO" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/aor/guidelines/" aria-label="For authors">对于作者</一个><一个class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-TFwJa gCIfTO" href="//www.newsama.com/publish-research/reviewers/" aria-label="For reviewers">对于审查员</一个><一个class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-TFwJa gCIfTO" href="//www.newsama.com/publish-research/editors/" aria-label="For editors">的编辑器</一个><一个class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-TFwJa gCIfTO" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/aor/contents/year/2021/" aria-label="Table of Contents">表的内容</一个><div class="sc-giadOv eBepOs journalNavCheck"> <button class="sc-hSdWYo etauus sc-fjmCvl bVEEaH journalNavCheck" color="">特殊的问题<gydF4y2Baspan class="sc-htoDjs gvAGTV sc-bHwgHz ctePXh journalNavCheck icon__inactive icon-white _1CwL9R82TPl2HxDleeYGDR icon-themeable" title="" font-size="9"></span><span class="sc-htoDjs gvAGTV sc-bHwgHz ctePXh journalNavCheck icon__active icon-colored icon__hidden _1CwL9R82TPl2HxDleeYGDR icon-themeable" title="" font-size="9"></span></button> </div> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-jtRfpW hHKuAX submit__button journalNavCheck" href="https://review.hindawi.com/submit?journal=aor" aria-label="" target="" id=""><span><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl sc-kTUwUJ jUTgTa" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="24"><span class="text">提交</gydF4y2Baspan></span><span class="sc-htoDjs kNoiZu sc-dqBHgY cQgXqt fileArrow icon-colored undefined icon-themeable" title="" font-size="16"></span></a> <div class="sc-krDsej ewCAZX hide__submenu journalSubmenuCheck" id="journalnav__submenu"> <button class="sc-itybZL kdvWPs journalSubmenuCheck"><span class="sc-htoDjs gvAGTV sc-fzsDOv hAFFGk journalSubmenuCheck icon-colored _1CwL9R82TPl2HxDleeYGDR icon-themeable" title="" font-size="9"></span></button> </div> <div class="sc-dTdPqK lkWWFY hide__submenu journal__nav__desktop" id="journalnav__submenudesktop"> <div order="0" class="sc-kUaPvJ ehYbwJ"> <div class="sc-gPWkxV legory"></div> <div class="sc-gPWkxV legory"></div> </div> <div class="sc-jVODtj epgILe"></div> <span class="sc-fONwsr kCfRMJ"></span> </div> </nav> </div> <div class="sc-nrwXf byflLi breadcrumb__wrapper journal_article__BreadCrumbStyle-sc-12fk6zy-2 bjwAQR article"> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-eitiEO jXeALb breadCrumb" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/aor/" aria-label="Advances in Operations Research">行动研究进展</一个>/<gydF4y2Ba一个class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-eitiEO jXeALb breadCrumb" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/aor/contents/year/2012/" aria-label="2012">2012年</一个>/<ggydF4y2BaydF4y2Baspan class="sc-bhlBdH UVThf">文章</gydF4y2Baspan> </div> <div class="threeColumn__ThreeColumnWrapper-sc-1bf4078-0 dDyxFF threeColumnWrapper"> <div class="threeColumn__LeftWrapper-sc-1bf4078-1 fkVFlF leftWrapper"> <button type="button" class="sc-eKZiaR dzZrgS section__button " id="sectionButton"><span class="sc-htoDjs diutvq icon__dots dots__detector icon-colored _3n-7Ho7DlfjMlZbrRr9Q4a icon-themeable" title="" font-size="22"></span>文章部分</gydF4y2Babutton> <div class="sc-bEjcJn jLUVhb static_contents__section_links links__hidden "> <div id="leftSectionMenu" class="sc-cbkKFq prcY sc-bGbJRg dVCLgr left_section_menu"> <p>在这一页上</p><gydF4y2Baspan class="sc-likbZx bBmZJZ grey" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-ePZHVD ewHMLz" href="#abstract" aria-label="">文摘</一个></span> <span class="sc-likbZx bBmZJZ grey" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-ePZHVD ewHMLz" href="#introduction" aria-label="">介绍</一个></span> <span class="sc-likbZx bBmZJZ grey" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-ePZHVD ewHMLz" href="#conclusion" aria-label="">结论</一个></span> <span class="sc-likbZx bBmZJZ grey" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-ePZHVD ewHMLz" href="#appendix" aria-label="">附录</一个></span> <span class="sc-likbZx bBmZJZ grey" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-ePZHVD ewHMLz" href="#references" aria-label="">引用</一个></span> <span class="sc-likbZx bBmZJZ grey" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-ePZHVD ewHMLz" href="#copyright" aria-label="">版权</一个></span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="threeColumn__ContentWrapper-sc-1bf4078-3 bbzREB contentWrapper"> <div class="threeColumn__Content-sc-1bf4078-4 jknsZc content"> <div class="articleContent__ArticleContentsWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-0 eSvjPB article_contents"> <div class="articleContent__ArticleContentsSectionsWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-1 jntdRu article_contents__sections_wrapper"> <div class="articleContent__ArticleWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-2 hAzjHP"> <div class="sc-chbbiW mBGSe article_header_class"> <p class="sc-kZmsYB bkiEfx article_type">研究文章|<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->开放获取</p><gydF4y2Badiv class="sc-RcBXQ ztvYg article_citation"> 体积<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> 2012年<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> <span class="sc-fZwumE cUsFHx">|</gydF4y2Baspan>文章的ID<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> 393890年<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> <span class="sc-fZwumE cUsFHx">|</gydF4y2Baspan> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-fQejPQ duuwge" href="https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/393890" aria-label="Doi-link">https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/393890</一个></div> <div class="sc-LKuAh lcOiDF article_full_citation"> <div class="sc-hzNEM gsmOCv isHide"> <p>Amir Salehipour穆罕默德Mehdi Sepehri<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> ”<gydF4y2Baspan class="adjust-article-svg-size">准确和启发式解决最小化总等待时间血液制品分布问题</gydF4y2Baspan>”,<gydF4y2Ba!-- --><i>行动研究进展</我>,<ggydF4y2BaydF4y2Ba!-- --> 卷。<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->2012年<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> 文章的ID<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->393890年<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> 25<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->   页面<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> 2012年<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->。<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/393890</p></gydF4y2Badiv> <button class="sc-hSdWYo etauus sc-iBEsjs kPshFw" color="">显示引用</gydF4y2Babutton> </div> <h1 class="sc-iRbamj jZOxOO sc-iSDuPN gbcGIy article_title adjust-article-svg-size heading-title">准确和启发式解决最小化总等待时间血液制品分布问题</gydF4y2Bah1> </div> <div class="sc-jrIrqw eHMFfo article_authors"> <hr class="sc-cEvuZC XkrFe hr__author"> <span class="">阿米尔Salehipour<gydF4y2Basup>1</gydF4y2Basup>和</gydF4y2Baspan> <span class=""><b>默罕默德·迈赫迪Sepehri</gydF4y2Bab><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link" href="mailto:" aria-label="Mail Option"><span class="sc-htoDjs kNoiZu sc-hjRWVT irNWJI icon-colored _2zt-1j0LmaF8UjTQAM413G icon-themeable" title="" font-size="16"></span></a><sup>1<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->2</gydF4y2Basup></span> <div class="sc-fHxwqH dMuGGA isHide"> <p><sup>1</gydF4y2Basup><span>工业工程系,工程学院,Tarbiat Modares大学里,14117 - 13114年德黑兰,伊朗</gydF4y2Baspan></p> <p><sup>2</gydF4y2Basup><span>医院管理研究中心,德黑兰大学医学科学院,19697 - 14713年德黑兰,伊朗</gydF4y2Baspan></p> </div> <button class="sc-hSdWYo etauus sc-iQtOjA kfDwZY" color="">显示更多</gydF4y2Babutton> </div> <div class="articleContent__EditorWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-3 evMkvU"> <div class="articleContent__TextWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-8 fYrLtk"> <b>学术编辑器:</gydF4y2Bab>Silvano圆形石堡</gydF4y2Badiv> <div class="articleContent__PublicationTimeLineWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-4 fjviok"> <div class="articleContent__PublcationCol-sc-2yl9jy-5 hgKieC notPublished"> <span class="articleContent__PublicationField-sc-2yl9jy-6 cIribm">收到了</gydF4y2Baspan> <span class="articleContent__PublicationValue-sc-2yl9jy-7 khHUcu">2011年10月18日</gydF4y2Baspan> </div> <div class="articleContent__PublcationCol-sc-2yl9jy-5 hgKieC notPublished"> <span class="articleContent__PublicationField-sc-2yl9jy-6 cIribm">修改后的</gydF4y2Baspan> <span class="articleContent__PublicationValue-sc-2yl9jy-7 khHUcu">2012年3月29日</gydF4y2Baspan> </div> <div class="articleContent__PublcationCol-sc-2yl9jy-5 hgKieC notPublished"> <span class="articleContent__PublicationField-sc-2yl9jy-6 cIribm">接受</gydF4y2Baspan> <span class="articleContent__PublicationValue-sc-2yl9jy-7 khHUcu">2012年5月14日</gydF4y2Baspan> </div> <div class="articleContent__PublcationCol-sc-2yl9jy-5 hgKieC isPublished"> <span class="articleContent__PublicationField-sc-2yl9jy-6 cIribm">发表</gydF4y2Baspan> <span class="articleContent__PublicationValue-sc-2yl9jy-7 khHUcu">2012年9月3日</gydF4y2Baspan> </div> </div> </div> <article class="sc-jtRlXQ bfymXb article_body "> <div> <div class="xml-content"> <h4 class="header" id="abstract">文摘</gydF4y2Bah4> <p>本文提出一种新颖的应用运筹学在血液分销管理决策支持。快速和动态需求增加,产品的临界,存储,处理,和销售需求,医院和医疗中心的不同地理位置使血液分布复杂而重要的问题。在这项研究中,一个真正的血液分布包含24医院被作者解决问题,并给出了一个精确的方法。这个问题的目的是分配血液及其制品在医院和医疗中心,要求产品的总等待时间最小化。精确解后,混合启发式算法。计算实验表明,最优解可能获得中等大小情况下,而对于较大的情况下,提出了混合启发式非常有竞争力。</p><gydF4y2Baspan class="end-abs"></span> <h4 id="introduction">1。介绍</gydF4y2Bah4> <p>本文提出一种新颖的应用运筹学来支持决策的血液分布管理,最小化的目标医院和医疗中心的总等待时间血液制品的要求。增加对医疗服务的需求加上他们的重要性和高成本使它必须更好地利用医疗资源和设施。快速和动态增加对血液的需求,产品的临界,存储,处理,和分布要求和限制,不同的医院和医疗中心的地理位置使血液分布复杂且非常重要的问题。此外,增加手术加上新的医疗的进步速度放大了一个有效的血液分布系统的复杂性和重要性。如果正确的血液制品不可以在医院和医疗中心在正确的时间,然后可能出现健康问题或延迟的操作,导致额外的天的住院和成本。除此之外,在医院和医疗中心过度放牧血液导致利用率低,因为大多数血液制品可能只被用于病人的血型的21天内收集。由于这些原因,必须定期收集血液。因此,任何低利用率增加成本和浪费稀缺的血液资源。后者可能会带来致命的后果。</p><p>人类血液是医疗系统最重要的组成部分。根据(<一个href="#B1">1</一个>),最重要的原因这一至关重要的医疗资源的需求如下。<gydF4y2Baspan class="list"><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label">(我)</gydF4y2Baspan><span class="list-content">没有确切的人类血液的替代品。</gydF4y2Baspan></span><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label">(2)</gydF4y2Baspan><span class="list-content">血液和血液制品在救生技术的进步发挥着重要的作用。</gydF4y2Baspan></span><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label">(3)</gydF4y2Baspan><span class="list-content">血液制品不能无限期存储(例如,根据(<一个href="#B2">2</一个>必须使用),红细胞35-42天内收集;血小板有更短的生命,因为他们必须在五天内使用的集合)。</gydF4y2Baspan></span></span></p> <p>血液是由许多组件(红细胞、白细胞、血小板、血浆)。这些组件提供一个单独的函数在人类有机体和有不同的医疗使用。尽管各种需求的数量单位的血液,几乎所有重要的医学治疗和操作需要这至关重要的生活资源,包括意外和伤害受害者,手术,器官移植等,一些癌症治疗,等等。例如,8单位血小板可能需要每天的病人接受癌症治疗白血病(<一个href="#B1">1</一个>]。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba血液制品分布上的先前的研究主要集中在库存相关的问题(<一个href="#B3">3</一个>- - - - - -<一个href="#B7">7</一个>]。然而,缺乏研究的问题分发血液和血液制品在医院和医疗中心的总等待时间最小化的目标医院等待血液的到来。Delen等人研究了供应链管理通过分析血液库存消费模式和供应链的地位。他们实现方法在供应链设施两个美国空军基地(<一个href="#B1">1</一个>]。Katsaliaki进行了模拟研究的血液向一个更具成本效益的管理供应链在英国。研究显示大幅改进库存和分销业务,导致降低成本,并增加安全(<一个href="#B8">8</一个>]。Katsaliaki和Brailsford排序研究政策对短缺和浪费,减少相关费用,以及改善服务水平和安全通过应用离散事件仿真模型(<一个href="#B9">9</一个>]。Hemmelmayr等人研究了一个具有成本效益的交付问题的奥地利医院的血液制品。他们提出的解决方案方法基于整数规划和可变邻域搜索meta-heuristic [<一个href="#B10">10</一个>]。尽管不相关,“政府改造”和苏萨进行了彻底的研究医院供应链系统的设计和开发了一个混合禁忌Search-Variable社区meta-heuristic搜索问题(<一个href="#B11">11</一个>]。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba在这项研究中,被认为是一个真正血液分布问题。经历的是作者在德黑兰,伊朗。作者应该获得可行的解决方案,最好最优分布的血液制品在医院和医疗中心,其中总等待时间最小化的目标要求的产品。作为解决方案过程,提出了一种混合整数规划,后跟一个混合启发式找到最优分布的血液制品在医院和医疗中心,要求产品的总等待时间最小化。计算实验表明,混合整数规划是相当有能力为中等规模的情况下,找到最优的解决方案和实际情况下24医院服务,而对于较大的随机情况下,混合启发式很快获得接近最优解。本文的其余部分组织如下。节<一个href="#sec2">2</一个>问题的,我们给一个确切的定义和符号一起使用。节<一个href="#sec3">3</一个>,我们开发一个新的混合整数规划问题。无能的确切过程后推导最优解大型实例在合理的时间,部分<一个href="#sec4">4</一个>致力于开发的混合启发式算法解决大规模问题的实例。节<一个href="#sec5">5</一个>、计算实验报告。本文结尾的结论。</p><gydF4y2Bah4 id="problem-definition">2。问题定义</gydF4y2Bah4> <p>本节定义了问题,本文中使用的符号。除了很多改进应用于献血者服务过程自1921年成立以来,血液制品组成的供应链和分销过程的四个步骤:<gydF4y2Baspan class="list"><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label">(1)</gydF4y2Baspan><span class="list-content">血液从捐赠者的集合,</gydF4y2Baspan></span><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label">(2)</gydF4y2Baspan><span class="list-content">测试、处理和存储的血</gydF4y2Baspan></span><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label">(3)</gydF4y2Baspan><span class="list-content">血液制品,</gydF4y2Baspan></span><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label">(4)</gydF4y2Baspan><span class="list-content">血液制品的消费。</gydF4y2Baspan></span></span></p> <p>本文研究的问题是固有的三个过程,并提供医院和医疗中心的血液在他们的请求,这些请求的总等待时间最小化。为了简单起见,使用“医院”时,我们指的是医院和医疗中心,或任何其他医学研究所,血液和血液制品是必需的。通常,一个中央医院输血血液仓库分配。除了公正的血液分布到医院当一个中央仓库,实现总成本和等待时间可以最小化而管理整个操作要简单得多。除此之外,是不适当的长期保持血液和血液制品几个有一个非常短的生命,因此,让他们即使天导致无法使用血液制品不能转移到病人。这些限制银行大量血液的医院。除了这些限制,建立这个问题非常有趣和挑战性的,避免单一的操作限制血液配送车辆覆盖所有医院在一个单一的路线。最多,这些操作限制源自血液的事实应该送到医院之前最近一次(一个上限交货时间),并且每辆车有能力有限。事实上,在现实中每辆车包括一组医院来构建一个路线。</p><p>问题是在图的一个例子<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/aor/2012/393890/fig1/" target="_blank">1</一个>在一组50个医院是由两辆车。车辆离开输血得宝(黑色矩形)。初步研究表明,至少需要两辆车覆盖这些50医院。因此,两个应该做出决策:每个车辆应该分配到哪个医院?目标函数是什么?,How the permutation of visiting each hospital by each vehicle (in fact, in each route) should be determined? (Again, what the objective function would be?). In this study, these two decisions are made separately by employing two different mathematical formulations, where, at first, hospitals are assigned to blood distribution vehicles (or simply constructing routes), and then permutation of visiting hospitals by each vehicle are optimized, according to the appropriate objective function criterion. To better understand the second problem, that is, optimal permutation of visiting hospitals in each route, the following example is provided.</p><div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig1"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig1"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(一)50医院的地理位置”n一个米e=”39389年0。fig.001a" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/aor/volume-2012/393890/figures/393890.fig.001a.jpg"> <br> <strong>(一)50医院的地理位置</gydF4y2Bastrong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(b)的一组15医院由车辆1(参观路线不是如图所示)”n一个米e=”39389年0。fig.001b" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/aor/volume-2012/393890/figures/393890.fig.001b.jpg"> <br> <strong>(b)的一组15医院由车辆1(参观路线不是如图所示)</gydF4y2Bastrong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(c)的一组35医院由车辆2(参观路线不是如图所示)”n一个米e=”39389年0。fig.001c" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/aor/volume-2012/393890/figures/393890.fig.001c.jpg"> <br> <strong>(c)的一组35医院由车辆2(参观路线不是如图所示)</gydF4y2Bastrong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs fig-thumbs-fig1"> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(a) The geographical location of 50 hospitals"><img alt="(一)50医院的地理位置”n一个米e=”39389年0。fig.001a" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/aor/volume-2012/393890/figures/393890.fig.001a.jpg"><br><strong>(一)50医院的地理位置</gydF4y2Bastrong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(b) A set of 15 hospitals covered by vehicle 1 (the visiting route is not shown)"><img alt="(b)的一组15医院由车辆1(参观路线不是如图所示)”n一个米e=”39389年0。fig.001b" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/aor/volume-2012/393890/figures/393890.fig.001b.jpg"><br><strong>(b)的一组15医院由车辆1(参观路线不是如图所示)</gydF4y2Bastrong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(c) A set of 35 hospitals covered by vehicle 2 (the visiting route is not shown)"><img alt="(c)的一组35医院由车辆2(参观路线不是如图所示)”n一个米e=”39389年0。fig.001c" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/aor/volume-2012/393890/figures/393890.fig.001c.jpg"><br><strong>(c)的一组35医院由车辆2(参观路线不是如图所示)</gydF4y2Bastrong></button> </div> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev fig-nav-fig1"> <button class="carousel-prev" aria-label="Previous"></button> <button class="carousel-next" aria-label="Next"></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图1</gydF4y2Baspan> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/aor/2012/393890/fig1/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> 说明问题的,50个医院由两辆车。</gydF4y2Batable> </div> </div> </div> <p>假设图的问题<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/aor/2012/393890/fig1/" target="_blank">1 (b)</一个>,一组15个医院是由单个车辆(车辆1)。不失一般性,为了更好的理解,假设目标函数的旅行时间是我们唯一的组件。表<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/aor/2012/393890/tab1/" target="_blank">1</一个>显示了这些旅行倍对称旅行时间矩阵。我们认为“0”的输血仓库车辆,或者仅仅是仓库根据旅行商问题(TSP)和车辆路径问题(VRP)文献。我们定义“到达时间”去医院作为车辆所需的时间从仓库第一次访问这个医院。例如,根据图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/aor/2012/393890/fig2/" target="_blank">2(一个)</一个>,参观医院的排列<gydF4y2Baspan class="equation" id="eq1"> <svg height="16.5375" id="M1" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 16.5375" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.5375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-58.77)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,46.79,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,52.9,60.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,65.64,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.040389" y="0"> {</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.041828" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.293329" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.494577" y="0"> 4</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.746078" y="0"> 4</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="41.997578" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="47.211327" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="53.46283" y="0"> 6</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="59.714329" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="64.928078" y="0"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="71.179581" y="0"> 6</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="77.431076" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="82.632324" y="0"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="88.883827" y="0"> 9</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="95.13533" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="100.34908" y="0"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="106.60058" y="0"> 7</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="112.85208" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="118.06583" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="124.31733" y="0"> 5</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="130.56883" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="135.77008" y="0"> 4</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="142.02158" y="0"> 7</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="148.27307" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="153.48683" y="0"> 4</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="159.73833" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="165.98982" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="171.20358" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="177.45508" y="0"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="183.70657" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="188.90782" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="195.15933" y="0"> 7</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="201.41083" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="206.62457" y="0"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="212.87608" y="0"> 5</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="219.12758" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="224.34132" y="0"> 4</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="230.59283" y="0"> 5</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="236.84433" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="242.04558" y="0"> 4</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="248.29707" y="0"> 8</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="254.54858" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="259.76233" y="0"> 7</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="266.01382" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="271.22757" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="277.47906" y="0"> 7</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="283.73059" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="288.93182" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="295.18332" y="0"> }</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="303.27277" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="399.10999" y="0.63"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="403.2735" y="0.63"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="409.52499" y="0.63"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="412.65076" y="0.63"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="418.90225" y="0.63"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span>从而到达时间医院44是64(见表<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/aor/2012/393890/tab1/" target="_blank">1</一个>)。这是医院的总等待时间44所访问的车辆1。</p><gydF4y2Badiv class="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="tab1"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-tab1"> <table class="table-group" id="tab1"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <table class="table"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="17"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr class="thead"> <td align="left"></td> <td align="center">0</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">7</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">16</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">17</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">23</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">25</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">27</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">35</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">36</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">37</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">39</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">41</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">44</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">45</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">47</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">48</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="17"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">0</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">73年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">67年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">66年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">90年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">84年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">110年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">85年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">81年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">73年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">74年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">78年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">64年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">75年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">81年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">69年</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">7</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center">0</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">99年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">35</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">74年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">85年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">59</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">42</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">107年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">96年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">One hundred.</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">72年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">92年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">46</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">79年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">11</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">16</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center">0</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">114年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">54</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">34</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">95年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">77年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">14</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">10</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">7</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">41</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">7</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">64年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">37</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">88年</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">17</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center">0</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">103年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">110年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">94年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">75年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">125年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">114年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">117年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">97年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">108年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">75年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">104年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">42</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">23</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center">0</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">21</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">44</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">35</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">52</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">45</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">50</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">14</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">48</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">28</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">16</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">63年</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">25</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center">0</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">65年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">52</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">30.</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">24</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">29日</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">13</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">29日</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">41</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">6</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">74年</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">27</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center">0</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">25</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">95年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">87年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">92年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">54</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">88年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">36</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">59</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">52</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">35</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center">0</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">80年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">71年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">76年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">39</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">70年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">13</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">45</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">32</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">36</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center">0</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">10</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">8</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">42</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">18</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">68年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">36</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">96年</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">37</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center">0</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">5</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">33</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">9</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">58</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">28</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">85年</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">39</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center">0</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">38</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">10</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">63年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">33</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">89年</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">41</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center">0</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">35</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">27</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">7</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">60</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">44</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center">0</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">57</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">32</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">81年</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">45</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center">0</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">34</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">35</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">47</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center">0</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">68年</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">48</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center">0</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr class="table-tr"> <td colspan="17"> <hr class="tbody-hr"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">表1</gydF4y2Baspan> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/aor/2012/393890/tab1/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> 对称的旅行时间矩阵图的例子<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/aor/2012/393890/fig1/" target="_blank">1 (b)</一个>。</gydF4y2Badiv> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig2"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig2"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(a)的路线参观15医院(b)(图1)。在这里,路线的方向是从左到右”n一个米e=”39389年0。fig.002a" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/aor/volume-2012/393890/figures/393890.fig.002a.jpg"> <br> <strong>(a)的路线参观15医院(b)(图1)。在这里,路线的方向是从左到右</gydF4y2Bastrong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(b)的路线参观15医院(图1 (b))路线的方向是从右到左”n一个米e=”39389年0。fig.002b" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/aor/volume-2012/393890/figures/393890.fig.002b.jpg"> <br> <strong>(b)的路线参观15医院(图1 (b))路线的方向是从右到左</gydF4y2Bastrong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs fig-thumbs-fig2"> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(a) A route of visiting 15 hospitals (Figure 1(b)). Here, the direction of the route is from left to right"><img alt="(a)的路线参观15医院(b)(图1)。在这里,路线的方向是从左到右”n一个米e=”39389年0。fig.002a" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/aor/volume-2012/393890/figures/393890.fig.002a.jpg"><br><strong>(a)的路线参观15医院(b)(图1)。在这里,路线的方向是从左到右</gydF4y2Bastrong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(b) A route of visiting 15 hospitals (Figure 1(b)) where the direction of the route is from right to left"><img alt="(b)的路线参观15医院(图1 (b))路线的方向是从右到左”n一个米e=”39389年0。fig.002b" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/aor/volume-2012/393890/figures/393890.fig.002b.jpg"><br><strong>(b)的路线参观15医院(图1 (b))路线的方向是从右到左</gydF4y2Bastrong></button> </div> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev fig-nav-fig2"> <button class="carousel-prev" aria-label="Previous"></button> <button class="carousel-next" aria-label="Next"></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图2</gydF4y2Baspan> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/aor/2012/393890/fig2/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/aor/2012/393890/fig1/">1 (b)</一个><table> 两个图的排列参观医院gydF4y2Ba。注意,(b)中给出的排列有更糟糕的目标函数比(a)。</gydF4y2Batable> </div> </div> </div> <p>同样,到达时间到医院16的到达时间医院44(如医院16不能访问任何早于医院44排列<gydF4y2Basvg height="11.075" id="M2" style="vertical-align:-3.25793pt;width:19.35px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 19.35 11.075" width="19.35" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.075)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.14)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.84,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)+旅行时间从医院44医院16。因此,<gydF4y2Basvg height="16.262501" id="M3" style="vertical-align:-4.37273pt;width:197.83749px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 197.83749 16.262501" width="197.83749" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.2625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-58.99)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.4)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.67,60.27)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> 6</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-52.95,63.4)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 4</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> 4</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.306553" y="0"> +</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.659275" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-10.37,60.27)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 4</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> 4</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.7519999" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.94" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="15.316" y="0"> 6</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,13.29,63.4)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 6</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> 4</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.306553" y="0"> +</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.659275" y="0"> 7</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="48.374107" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="60.414497" y="0"> 7</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="66.665993" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba显然,这个到达时间的概念类似于等待时间的概念。事实上,我们正在寻找的是决定如何找到医院,以最小化所有医院的总等待时间分配给一个汽车。毫不奇怪,最重要的问题在开发医疗系统,特别是在紧急情况下,等待时间。数据<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/aor/2012/393890/fig2/" target="_blank">2(一个)</一个>和<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/aor/2012/393890/fig2/" target="_blank">2 (b)</一个>说明两个例子的等待时间问题,只改变方向图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/aor/2012/393890/fig2/" target="_blank">2 (b)</一个>与图相比<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/aor/2012/393890/fig2/" target="_blank">2(一个)</一个>导致另一个解决方案有不同的目标函数值(假设构造路线)。医院的总等待时间最小化等待血液可以建模框架内的旅行修理工问题((TRP),(其他名字是最小延迟问题(MLP)和送货员旅行问题(TDP))。TRP已被证明是np困难,甚至更加困难比茶匙(<一个href="#B12">12</一个>,<gydF4y2Ba一个href="#B13">13</一个>]。最近,Salehipour和Sepehri已经开发出一种强烈的整数数学规划制定的问题基于网络流问题(<一个href="#B14">14</一个>]。Fischetti et al。<一个href="#B15">15</一个>]和Eijl [<一个href="#B16">16</一个>)已经开发出两个数学规划TRP的公式,然而,他们的配方是弱得多比(<一个href="#B14">14</一个>),因为他们的模型不能解决即使是小实例的大小15医院在合理的时间。Sarubbi和卢娜提出不同的整数数学规划模型在2007年的国际网络优化会议(<一个href="#B17">17</一个>]。然而,他们的模型仍然缺乏一定的约束集和导致不可行性。Mendez-Diaz et al。<一个href="#B18">18</一个>)制定TRP基于线性排序问题。尽管模型的性能比之前的要好得多,其计算时间不与Salehipour和Sepehri<一个href="#B14">14</一个>]。之后,我们报告维度(决策变量和约束的总数),和这些模型的计算性能。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba注意,这里一个解决方案是表示为一个排列的医院从0开始和结束在0,也就是说,<gydF4y2Basvg height="13.675" id="M4" style="vertical-align:-2.34499pt;width:137.75px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 137.75 13.675" width="137.75" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.675)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.06)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.5772982" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.617687" y="0"> {</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.619127" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.870628" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.084377" y="0"> …</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="53.662876" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="58.876629" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="62.76506" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="67.978813" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="72.842476" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="78.043724" y="0"> …</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="92.634727" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="97.84848" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="104.09998" y="0"> }</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。从这个表示,目标函数值可以很容易地计算。假设的解决方案<gydF4y2Basvg height="13.6125" id="M5" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:131.97501px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 131.97501 13.6125" width="131.97501" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.6125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.11)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.5772982" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.617687" y="0"> {</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.619127" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.870628" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.084377" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.335876" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="50.537125" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="56.788628" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="62.002377" y="0"> …</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="76.593376" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="81.794624" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="88.008614" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="93.222366" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="99.473869" y="0"> }</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>1是第一医院解决方案;2,第二,等等。总到达时间(等同于等待时间),这个解决方案可以作为计算<gydF4y2Baspan class="equation" id="EEq1"> <svg height="48.349998" id="M6" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 48.349998" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,48.35)"> <g transform="translate(72,-33.32)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,181.02,49.67)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,188.75,46.55)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,197,49.67)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,214.94,65.61)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,209.04,43.12)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,210.57,35.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.7169924" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,225.19,49.67)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,231.47,46.55)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,234.69,49.67)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="230.06" y="0.14"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="234.2235" y="0.14"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="240.47501" y="0.14"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="243.60075" y="0.14"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="249.85225" y="0.14"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span>在哪里<gydF4y2Baspan class="equation" id="EEq2"> <svg height="52.1875" id="M7" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 52.1875" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,52.1875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-30.25)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,175.12,48.14)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,181.4,45.02)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,188.09,48.14)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,202.14,64.08)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.4045279" y="0"> ≤</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.3996477" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,200.13,41.59)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,201.32,34.41)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.4045279" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.3996477" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,216.28,48.14)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,220.2,45.02)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.4045279" y="0"> −</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.3996477" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="13.775648" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="15.963648" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,240.59,48.14)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="224.16" y="0.14"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="228.3235" y="0.14"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="234.575" y="0.14"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="237.70074" y="0.14"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="243.95226" y="0.14"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span>结合(<一个href="#EEq1">2.2</一个>)和(<一个href="#EEq2">2.3</一个>)和简化的结果<gydF4y2Baspan class="equation" id="EEq3"> <svg height="48.349998" id="M8" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 48.349998" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,48.35)"> <g transform="translate(72,-33.32)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,116.94,49.67)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,124.67,46.55)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,132.92,49.67)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,150.86,65.61)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,144.96,43.12)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,146.49,35.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.7169924" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,163.2,49.68)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.3269978" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.304152" y="0"> +</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.656876" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.908375" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="41.847542" y="0"> −</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="53.187763" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="59.85186" y="0"> +</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="71.204582" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="77.456085" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="83.695084" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,250.82,46.55)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="0"> −</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.7169924" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="13.092992" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="15.280992" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,272.1,49.67)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,287.35,46.55)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3497438" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.537744" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,298.77,49.67)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="165.98" y="0.14"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="170.14349" y="0.14"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="176.395" y="0.14"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="179.52075" y="0.14"> 4</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="185.77225" y="0.14"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span>方程(<一个href="#EEq3">2.4</一个>)提供的优势使计算更容易和更快,尤其是启发式算法。让我们回到图的例子<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/aor/2012/393890/fig2/" target="_blank">2</一个>。排列<gydF4y2Basvg height="11.075" id="M9" style="vertical-align:-3.25793pt;width:19.35px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 19.35 11.075" width="19.35" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.075)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.14)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.84,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>有更好的比排列(低)目标函数值吗<gydF4y2Basvg height="11.075" id="M10" style="vertical-align:-3.25793pt;width:19px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 19 11.075" width="19" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.075)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.14)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.84,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>:<gydF4y2Baspan class="equation" id="eq5"> <svg height="263.88751" id="M11" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 263.88751" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,263.8875)"> <g transform="translate(72,139.11)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,11.48,49.67)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,19.2,46.55)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,23.48,44.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 6.25px; " x="0" y="0"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 6.25px; " x="3.1259999" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,34.22,49.67)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,52.85,65.61)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,46.95,43.12)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,48.48,35.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.7169924" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,63.1,49.67)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,69.38,46.55)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,34.22,15.63)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-22.540001" y="75.940002"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.728054" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.979553" y="0"> 6</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.306553" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.470051" y="0"> 6</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.72155" y="0"> 4</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="43.973049" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="50.912216" y="0"> +</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="62.264938" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="68.516441" y="0"> 5</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="76.843437" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="81.006935" y="0"> 7</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="87.258438" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="94.210106" y="0"> +</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="105.55032" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="111.80183" y="0"> 4</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="120.12882" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="124.29232" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="130.54382" y="0"> 4</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="136.79532" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="143.74699" y="0"> +</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="155.08722" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="161.33871" y="0"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="169.67821" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="173.84171" y="0"> 8</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="180.09322" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="187.03238" y="0"> +</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="198.3726" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="204.6241" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="212.96359" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="217.12709" y="0"> 5</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="223.3786" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="230.31776" y="0"> +</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="241.65799" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="247.90948" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="256.24899" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="260.41248" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="266.66397" y="0"> 4</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="272.9155" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="279.85464" y="0"> +</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="291.19489" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="297.44638" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="305.78586" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="309.94937" y="0"> 6</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="316.20087" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="323.14005" y="0"> +</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="334.48026" y="0"> 9</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="342.81976" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="346.98325" y="0"> 7</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="353.23474" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.51" y="20.48"> +</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.837717" y="20.48"> 8</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.177219" y="20.48"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.340717" y="20.48"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.592216" y="20.48"> 4</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="51.843719" y="20.48"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="58.782883" y="20.48"> +</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="70.135605" y="20.48"> 7</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="78.462608" y="20.48"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="82.626106" y="20.48"> 4</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="88.877602" y="20.48"> 4</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="95.129105" y="20.48"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="102.06827" y="20.48"> +</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="113.42099" y="20.48"> 6</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="121.74799" y="20.48"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="125.91149" y="20.48"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="132.16299" y="20.48"> 5</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="138.41449" y="20.48"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="145.36617" y="20.48"> +</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="156.70638" y="20.48"> 5</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="165.04588" y="20.48"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="169.20938" y="20.48"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="175.46088" y="20.48"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="181.71237" y="20.48"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="188.65155" y="20.48"> +</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="199.99176" y="20.48"> 4</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="208.33127" y="20.48"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="212.49477" y="20.48"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="218.74626" y="20.48"> 5</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="224.99777" y="20.48"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="231.93694" y="20.48"> +</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="243.27715" y="20.48"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="251.61665" y="20.48"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="255.78015" y="20.48"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="262.03165" y="20.48"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="268.28314" y="20.48"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="275.22232" y="20.48"> +</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="286.56253" y="20.48"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="294.90204" y="20.48"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="299.06555" y="20.48"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="305.31705" y="20.48"> 5</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="311.56854" y="20.48"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="318.50769" y="20.48"> +</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="329.84793" y="20.48"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="338.18744" y="20.48"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="342.35092" y="20.48"> 6</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="348.60242" y="20.48"> 6</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="354.85391" y="20.48"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="40.950001"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.728054" y="40.950001"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.979553" y="40.950001"> 8</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.231054" y="40.950001"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.482553" y="40.950001"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.734055" y="40.950001"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,19.4,-63.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,23.68,-65.63)"> <tspan style="font-size: 6.25px; " x="0" y="0"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 6.25px; " x="3.1259999" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,34.22,-60.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,52.85,-44.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,46.95,-66.87)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,48.48,-74.05)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.7169924" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,63.1,-60.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,69.38,-63.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,34.22,-94.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.728054" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.979553" y="0"> 6</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.306553" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.470051" y="0"> 6</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.72155" y="0"> 6</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="43.973049" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="50.912216" y="0"> +</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="62.264938" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="68.516441" y="0"> 5</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="76.843437" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="81.006935" y="0"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="87.258438" y="0"> 5</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="93.509933" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="100.4616" y="0"> +</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="111.80183" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="118.05333" y="0"> 4</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="126.38033" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="130.54382" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="136.79532" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="143.04683" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="149.99849" y="0"> +</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="161.33871" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="167.59021" y="0"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="175.92972" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="180.09322" y="0"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="186.34471" y="0"> 5</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="192.59621" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="199.53537" y="0"> +</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="210.8756" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="217.12709" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="225.4666" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="229.6301" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="235.88159" y="0"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="242.1331" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="249.07227" y="0"> +</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="260.41248" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="266.66397" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="275.00348" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="279.16699" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="285.41849" y="0"> 5</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="291.66998" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="298.60916" y="0"> +</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="309.94937" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="316.20087" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="324.54037" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="328.70386" y="0"> 4</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="334.95538" y="0"> 4</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="341.20688" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.51" y="20.48"> +</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.837717" y="20.48"> 9</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.189999" y="20.469999"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.3535" y="20.469999"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.605" y="20.469999"> 4</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="51.856499" y="20.469999"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="58.783161" y="20.469999"> +</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="70.135887" y="20.469999"> 8</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="78.462883" y="20.469999"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="82.626381" y="20.469999"> 7</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="88.877884" y="20.469999"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="95.817047" y="20.469999"> +</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="107.16977" y="20.469999"> 7</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="115.49677" y="20.469999"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="119.66027" y="20.469999"> 6</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="125.91177" y="20.469999"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="132.86343" y="20.469999"> +</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="144.20366" y="20.469999"> 6</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="152.53065" y="20.469999"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="156.69415" y="20.469999"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="162.94565" y="20.469999"> 4</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="169.19716" y="20.469999"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="176.14882" y="20.469999"> +</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="187.48904" y="20.469999"> 5</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="195.82854" y="20.469999"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="199.99205" y="20.469999"> 5</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="206.24355" y="20.469999"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="213.18271" y="20.469999"> +</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="224.52293" y="20.469999"> 4</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="232.86243" y="20.469999"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="237.02592" y="20.469999"> 8</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="243.27744" y="20.469999"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="250.2166" y="20.469999"> +</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="261.55682" y="20.469999"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="269.8963" y="20.469999"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="274.05981" y="20.469999"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="280.31131" y="20.469999"> 4</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="286.56281" y="20.469999"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="293.50198" y="20.469999"> +</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="304.84219" y="20.469999"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="313.1817" y="20.469999"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="317.34521" y="20.469999"> 7</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="323.59671" y="20.469999"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="330.53586" y="20.469999"> +</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="341.8761" y="20.469999"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="350.21558" y="20.469999"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="354.37909" y="20.469999"> 6</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="360.63058" y="20.469999"> 4</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="366.88208" y="20.469999"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="40.950001"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.728054" y="40.950001"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.979553" y="40.950001"> 6</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.231054" y="40.950001"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.482553" y="40.950001"> 6</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.734055" y="40.950001"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="430.53" y="-57.68"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="434.69351" y="-57.68"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="440.94501" y="-57.68"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="444.07074" y="-57.68"> 5</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="450.32224" y="-57.68"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></p> <h5 id="sec2.1">2.1。符号</gydF4y2Bah5> <p>我们假设的时间组件由血液分布的总旅行时间车辆之间每两个任意的医院,<gydF4y2Basvg height="9.9250002" id="M12" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt;width:4.9875002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 4.9875002 9.9250002" width="4.9875002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,9.925)"> <g transform="translate(72,-64.06)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<gydF4y2Basvg height="12.675" id="M13" style="vertical-align:-2.34499pt;width:7.1374998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 7.1374998 12.675" width="7.1374998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.675)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.86)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,服务时间(交货时间)被认为是相同的所有车辆和医院,因此被忽略。即使不忽视,这个交货时间可以轻松处理(<一个href="#B19">19</一个>]。我们也认为“0”所有车辆的初始位置。</p><gydF4y2Bah6 id="sec2.1.1">2.1.1。决策变量</gydF4y2Bah6> <p>以下。<gydF4y2Baspan class="list"><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label"></span><span class="list-content"> <svg height="12.95" id="M14" style="vertical-align:-4.77652pt;width:16.8125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16.8125 12.95" width="16.8125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.95)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.64)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.75,63.32)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>是一个决策变量,如果车辆从医院需要1<gydF4y2Basvg height="9.9250002" id="M15" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt;width:4.9875002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 4.9875002 9.9250002" width="4.9875002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,9.925)"> <g transform="translate(72,-64.06)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>去医院<gydF4y2Basvg height="12.675" id="M16" style="vertical-align:-2.34499pt;width:7.1374998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 7.1374998 12.675" width="7.1374998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.675)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.86)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>;和0,否则。</gydF4y2Baspan></span><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label"></span><span class="list-content"> <svg height="12.975" id="M17" style="vertical-align:-4.77652pt;width:17.6625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.6625 12.975" width="17.6625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.975)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.62)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>是一个决策变量,需要吗<gydF4y2Basvg height="11.325" id="M18" style="vertical-align:-0.51414pt;width:58.412498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 58.412498 11.325" width="58.412498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.94)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.9896574" y="0"> −</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.329878" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.031965" y="0"> +</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.372189" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,如果医院<gydF4y2Basvg height="12.675" id="M19" style="vertical-align:-2.34499pt;width:7.1374998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 7.1374998 12.675" width="7.1374998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.675)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.86)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>后去医院<gydF4y2Basvg height="9.9250002" id="M20" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt;width:4.9875002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 4.9875002 9.9250002" width="4.9875002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,9.925)"> <g transform="translate(72,-64.06)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和访问的车辆<gydF4y2Basvg height="7.1624999" id="M21" style="vertical-align:-0.11285pt;width:7.5374999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 7.5374999 7.1624999" width="7.5374999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.1625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-66.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>;和0,否则。</gydF4y2Baspan></span><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label"></span><span class="list-content"> <svg height="12.975" id="M22" style="vertical-align:-4.77652pt;width:18.487499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 18.487499 12.975" width="18.487499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.975)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.62)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.84,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.148448" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>如果医院是一个决策变量,需要1<gydF4y2Basvg height="12.675" id="M23" style="vertical-align:-2.34499pt;width:7.1374998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 7.1374998 12.675" width="7.1374998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.675)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.86)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>是访问<gydF4y2Basvg height="7.1624999" id="M24" style="vertical-align:-0.11285pt;width:7.5374999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 7.5374999 7.1624999" width="7.5374999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.1625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-66.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>;和0,否则。</gydF4y2Baspan></span><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label"></span><span class="list-content"> <svg height="14.5875" id="M25" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:16.924999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16.924999 14.5875" width="16.924999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.5875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.33)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-66.16,60.47)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.4285121" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>如果医院是一个决策变量,需要1<gydF4y2Basvg height="9.9250002" id="M26" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt;width:4.9875002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 4.9875002 9.9250002" width="4.9875002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,9.925)"> <g transform="translate(72,-64.06)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>参观了汽车<gydF4y2Basvg height="7.4250002" id="M27" style="vertical-align:-0.11285pt;width:8.0375004px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.0375004 7.4250002" width="8.0375004" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.425)"> <g transform="translate(72,-66.06)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.22)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>;和0,否则。</gydF4y2Baspan></span><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label"></span><span class="list-content"> <svg height="11.025" id="M28" style="vertical-align:-3.21404pt;width:12.975px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 12.975 11.025" width="12.975" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.025)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.18)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-66.6,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>如果车辆是一个决策变量,需要1<gydF4y2Basvg height="7.4250002" id="M29" style="vertical-align:-0.11285pt;width:8.0375004px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.0375004 7.4250002" width="8.0375004" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.425)"> <g transform="translate(72,-66.06)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.22)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>使用;和0,否则。</gydF4y2Baspan></span></span></p> <h6 id="sec2.1.2">2.1.2。参数和指标</gydF4y2Bah6> <p>以下。<gydF4y2Baspan class="list"><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label"></span><span class="list-content"> <svg height="9.9250002" id="M30" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt;width:4.9875002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 4.9875002 9.9250002" width="4.9875002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,9.925)"> <g transform="translate(72,-64.06)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>医院<gydF4y2Basvg height="9.9250002" id="M31" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt;width:4.9875002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 4.9875002 9.9250002" width="4.9875002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,9.925)"> <g transform="translate(72,-64.06)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,<gydF4y2Basvg height="12.8875" id="M32" style="vertical-align:-1.76814pt;width:71.212502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 71.212502 12.8875" width="71.212502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.8875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.69)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.3517642" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.392153" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.643654" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.857405" y="0"> …</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.435902" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="50.649654" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,在那里<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.9125" id="M33" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:32.1875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 32.1875 10.9125" width="32.1875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.3517642" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.392153" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>是一个虚拟的医院和对应的输血仓库车辆(车辆家)。</gydF4y2Baspan></span><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label"></span><span class="list-content"> <svg height="11.325" id="M34" style="vertical-align:-0.51414pt;width:33.362499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 33.362499 11.325" width="33.362499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.94)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.9896574" y="0"> +</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.329878" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>是医院的总数(包括仓库)。</gydF4y2Baspan></span><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label"></span><span class="list-content"> <svg height="11.05" id="M35" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:12px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 12 11.05" width="12" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.05)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.16)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.67,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>到达时间是医院吗<gydF4y2Basvg height="9.9250002" id="M36" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt;width:4.9875002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 4.9875002 9.9250002" width="4.9875002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,9.925)"> <g transform="translate(72,-64.06)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,在那里<gydF4y2Basvg height="14.75" id="M37" style="vertical-align:-3.25793pt;width:41.262501px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 41.262501 14.75" width="41.262501" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.75)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.2)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.67,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-57.33,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.040389" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。</gydF4y2Baspan></span><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label"></span><span class="list-content"> <svg height="16.237499" id="M38" style="vertical-align:-4.74141pt;width:15.75px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 15.75 16.237499" width="15.75" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.2375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-59.01)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.22,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>累积总旅行时间路线<gydF4y2Basvg height="9.875" id="M39" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:7.7624998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 7.7624998 9.875" width="7.7624998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,9.875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-64.1)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>(排列<gydF4y2Basvg height="9.875" id="M40" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:7.7624998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 7.7624998 9.875" width="7.7624998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,9.875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-64.1)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)。</gydF4y2Baspan></span><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label"></span><span class="list-content"> <svg height="11.025" id="M41" style="vertical-align:-3.21404pt;width:12.775px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 12.775 11.025" width="12.775" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.025)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.18)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-66.76,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>使用车辆的成本吗<gydF4y2Basvg height="7.4250002" id="M42" style="vertical-align:-0.11285pt;width:8.0375004px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.0375004 7.4250002" width="8.0375004" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.425)"> <g transform="translate(72,-66.06)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.22)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,<gydF4y2Basvg height="12.8875" id="M43" style="vertical-align:-1.76814pt;width:77.587502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 77.587502 12.8875" width="77.587502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.8875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.69)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.7898493" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.830238" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.081738" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.29549" y="0"> …</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="47.873985" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="53.087738" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。</gydF4y2Baspan></span><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label"></span><span class="list-content"> <svg height="10.5375" id="M44" style="vertical-align:-0.16302pt;width:22.237499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 22.237499 10.5375" width="22.237499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.5375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.57)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.8146152" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>上限是每辆车的总旅行时间(因为我们有吗<gydF4y2Basvg height="7.1374998" id="M45" style="vertical-align:-0.10033pt;width:11.225px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.225 7.1374998" width="11.225" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.1375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-66.29)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>车辆,因此我们有<gydF4y2Basvg height="7.1374998" id="M46" style="vertical-align:-0.10033pt;width:11.225px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.225 7.1374998" width="11.225" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.1375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-66.29)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>路线)。</gydF4y2Baspan></span><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label"></span><span class="list-content"> <svg height="14.9375" id="M47" style="vertical-align:-4.77652pt;width:13.95px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 13.95 14.9375" width="13.95" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.9375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.05)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.86)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-68.04,61.74)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>是一个状态参数的总旅行时间从医院吗<gydF4y2Basvg height="9.9250002" id="M48" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt;width:4.9875002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 4.9875002 9.9250002" width="4.9875002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,9.925)"> <g transform="translate(72,-64.06)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>去医院<gydF4y2Basvg height="12.675" id="M49" style="vertical-align:-2.34499pt;width:7.1374998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 7.1374998 12.675" width="7.1374998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.675)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.86)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。</gydF4y2Baspan></span></span></p> <h4 id="problem-formulation">3所示。问题公式化</gydF4y2Bah4> <p>本节描述本研究的两个主要贡献之一提出一个确切的解决问题的方法。这个想法是为了使用集合覆盖配方将问题分解成子问题,然后解决使用TRP配方优化每个子问题。因此,在第一医院分配给车辆(路线建设),然后参观医院的顺序在每个路由优化。问题的计算复杂度限制发展一个综合的数学规划制定医院分配车辆,同时最小化总等待时间在每个路线。</p><gydF4y2Bah5 id="sec3.1">3.1。构建航线:位置覆盖模型</gydF4y2Bah5> <p>医院的分配车辆可以使用集合覆盖完成配方。这样的配方之一出现在[<一个href="#B20">20.</一个>]的目标是找到一个最小的设施,这样每个客户(医院)可以达到在最大允许旅行时间从最近的设施(输血仓库)。这个配方应用于构造血液分布路线,然而,需要小的修改。这些修改是强制执行的一组约束启发从操作的局限性和问题的性质(见约束(<一个href="#EEq7">3所示。4</一个>)以下)和几个模型的参数的更改。此外,所有车辆离开中央输血得宝,最近设施的概念出现在位置覆盖公式不适用。然而,应用约束(<一个href="#EEq7">3所示。4</一个>)加上覆盖模型提供的位置<一个href="#B20">20.</一个>)(请参见下面的模型1),确保一组医院分配给每辆车最短旅行时间的满意。</p><p><gydF4y2Baspan class="statement" id="head1"><span class="statement-title"><i class="statement-title">模型1</我></span><br><span class="equation" id="EEq4"> <svg height="48.387501" id="M50" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 48.387501" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,48.3875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-33.29)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,118.18,49.67)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 米</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.115167" y="0"> 我</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.591001" y="0"> n</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.842501" y="0"> 我</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.318335" y="0"> 米</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.04567" y="0"> 我</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.521503" y="0"> z</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="43.072834" y="0"> e</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="52.787666" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="62.502499" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,197.7,65.61)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,192.73,43.12)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,193.4,35.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.4285121" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.423632" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,208.88,49.67)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,214.07,46.55)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,219,49.67)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,224.35,46.55)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,232.05,49.67)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,249.3,65.61)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,243.4,43.12)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,244.93,35.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="19.59" y="-29.67"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.7169924" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,259.55,43.12)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,260.23,35.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.4285121" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.423632" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,275.7,49.67)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,279.62,46.55)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,287.21,49.67)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,293,46.55)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.4285121" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,464.75,49.52)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.540749" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.79225" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span>受<gydF4y2Baspan class="equation" id="EEq5"> <svg height="194.875" id="M51" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 194.875" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,194.875)"> <g transform="translate(72,83.9)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,151.13,65.61)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,146.16,43.12)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,146.83,35.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.4285121" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.423632" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,162.31,49.67)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,168.1,46.55)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.4285121" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,179.22,49.67)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ≥</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.458027" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.822296" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="52.850182" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="59.101681" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="64.31543" y="0"> …</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="78.906433" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="84.107681" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="90.321671" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="285.53" y="0.13"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="289.69351" y="0.13"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="295.94501" y="0.13"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="299.07074" y="0.13"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="305.32224" y="0.13"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,129.62,18.09)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,123.71,-4.41)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,125.24,-11.59)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.7169924" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,139.87,2.15)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,145.66,-0.98)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.4285121" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,156.78,2.15)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ≤</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.12" y="-1.58"> |</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.12" y="1.58"> |</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="43.209999" y="-1.58"> |</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="43.209999" y="1.58"> |</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="47.790001" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.620001" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.609657" y="0"> +</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.949879" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,209.92,-0.98)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,214.85,2.15)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.166139" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.968491" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.008881" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="43.26038" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="48.461628" y="0"> …</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="63.052628" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="68.26638" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="77.143509" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="249.89999" y="0.16"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="254.06349" y="0.16"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="260.315" y="0.16"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="263.44073" y="0.16"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="269.69226" y="0.16"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,139.03,-29.49)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,133.13,-51.98)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,134.66,-59.16)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.7169924" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,149.28,-45.43)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,153.2,-48.55)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,160.79,-45.43)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,166.58,-48.55)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.4285121" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,177.71,-45.43)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-81.75" y="34.040001"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ≤</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.842501" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.719151" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.885288" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="52.687641" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="64.728027" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="70.97953" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="76.193283" y="0"> …</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="90.771782" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="95.985535" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="104.86266" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="287.04001" y="0.15000001"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="291.20349" y="0.15000001"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="297.45499" y="0.15000001"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="300.58075" y="0.15000001"> 4</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="306.83224" y="0.15000001"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,101.75,-82.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.4285121" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,109.39,-79.47)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.2012482" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,119.96,-82.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,128.35,-79.47)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ∈</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.115887" y="0"> {</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.117327" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.368828" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.582579" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.83408" y="0"> }</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.923519" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="61.089657" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="68.453926" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="80.494316" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="86.745811" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="91.94706" y="0"> …</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="106.53806" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="113.82731" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="120.04131" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="129.41855" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="139.2209" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="151.26129" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="157.51279" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="162.72655" y="0"> …</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="177.30504" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="182.5188" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="191.39592" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="336.39999" y="0.63"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="340.56351" y="0.63"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="346.815" y="0.63"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="349.94073" y="0.63"> 5</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="356.19226" y="0.63"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span>约束(<一个href="#EEq5">3所示。2</一个>)保证所有医院访问,而约束(<一个href="#EEq6">3所示。3</一个>)确保如果车辆<gydF4y2Basvg height="7.4250002" id="M52" style="vertical-align:-0.11285pt;width:8.0375004px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.0375004 7.4250002" width="8.0375004" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.425)"> <g transform="translate(72,-66.06)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.22)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>没有设置,那么可以覆盖没有医院。约束(<一个href="#EEq7">3所示。4</一个>)确保每个路线的总旅行时间与每个车辆满足关联操作的局限性。约束(<一个href="#EEq8">3所示。5</一个>)状态,所有<gydF4y2Basvg height="14.5875" id="M53" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:16.924999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16.924999 14.5875" width="16.924999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.5875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.33)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-66.16,60.47)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.4285121" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<gydF4y2Basvg height="11.025" id="M54" style="vertical-align:-3.21404pt;width:12.975px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 12.975 11.025" width="12.975" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.025)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.18)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-66.6,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>是二进制。</gydF4y2Baspan></p> <h5 id="sec3.2">3.2。访问医院:旅行修理工模型</gydF4y2Bah5> <p>医院分配车辆和建设路线后,参观医院对优化排列最小化总等待时间(相当于总累积旅行时间)的医院应该确定。本节描述一种新颖的混合整数规划为此Flow-SP(模型)。该配方是足够强大的,允许的最优解决方案实例多达25医院在一个路线,并为实例非常接近最优30家医院。</p><p><gydF4y2Baspan class="statement" id="head2"><span class="statement-title"><i class="statement-title">模型Flow-SP</我></span><br><span class="equation" id="EEq9"> <svg height="50.275002" id="M55" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 50.275002" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,50.275)"> <g transform="translate(72,-31.78)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,138.88,49.67)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 米</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.115167" y="0"> 我</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.591001" y="0"> n</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.842501" y="0"> 我</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.318335" y="0"> 米</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.04567" y="0"> 我</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.521503" y="0"> z</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="43.072834" y="0"> e</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="52.787666" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="62.502499" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,219.33,65.61)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,213.42,43.12)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,214.95,35.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="20.530001" y="-29.67"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.7169924" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,229.58,43.12)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,230.77,35.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.4045279" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.3996477" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,245.73,49.67)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,249.64,46.55)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,259.57,49.67)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ⋅</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3515239" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,272.8,46.55)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,464.75,48.76)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.540749" y="0"> 6</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.79225" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span>受<gydF4y2Baspan class="equation" id="EEq10"> <svg height="980.95001" id="M56" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 980.95001" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,980.95)"> <g transform="translate(72,712.76)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,151.61,65.61)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,145.71,43.12)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,147.24,35.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.7169924" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,161.87,49.67)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,168.07,46.55)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,178.69,49.67)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.458027" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="41.797527" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="53.825417" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="60.076916" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="65.290665" y="0"> …</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="79.881668" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="85.082916" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="91.296906" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="286.06" y="0.15000001"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="290.22351" y="0.15000001"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="296.47501" y="0.15000001"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="299.60074" y="0.15000001"> 7</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="305.85223" y="0.15000001"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,152.1,18.04)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,146.2,-4.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,147.39,-11.63)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.4045279" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.3996477" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,162.35,2.1)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,168.55,-1.02)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,179.18,2.1)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.458027" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.809792" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="52.850182" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="59.101681" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="64.31543" y="0"> …</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="78.893929" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="84.107681" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="90.321671" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="285.57001" y="0.91000003"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="289.73349" y="0.91000003"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="295.98499" y="0.91000003"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="299.11075" y="0.91000003"> 8</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="305.36224" y="0.91000003"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,187.9,-31.04)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,182,-53.54)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,183.53,-60.72)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.7169924" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,198.15,-46.98)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,204.35,-50.11)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,215.42,-46.98)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="249.33" y="0.14"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="253.4935" y="0.14"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="259.745" y="0.14"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="262.87076" y="0.14"> 9</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="269.12225" y="0.14"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,187.3,-78.59)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,181.39,-101.08)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,182.92,-108.26)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.7169924" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,197.55,-94.53)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,203.75,-97.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,216.03,-94.53)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="242.46001" y="0.14"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="246.6235" y="0.14"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="252.875" y="0.14"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="256.00076" y="0.14"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="262.25226" y="0.14"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="268.50375" y="0.14"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,176.79,-126.13)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,170.89,-148.63)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,172.08,-155.81)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.4045279" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.3996477" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,187.04,-142.08)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,193.92,-145.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,206.2,-142.08)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.017544" y="0"> +</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.357765" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.609264" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="252.28999" y="0.91000003"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="256.45349" y="0.91000003"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="262.70499" y="0.91000003"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="265.83075" y="0.91000003"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="272.08224" y="0.91000003"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="278.33374" y="0.91000003"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,187.22,-175.22)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,181.32,-197.71)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,182.51,-204.89)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.4045279" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.3996477" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,197.47,-191.16)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,204.35,-194.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.4045279" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,216.1,-191.16)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="242.39" y="0.91000003"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="246.5535" y="0.91000003"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="252.80499" y="0.91000003"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="255.93076" y="0.91000003"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="262.18225" y="0.91000003"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="268.43375" y="0.91000003"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,139.02,-224.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,133.12,-246.8)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,134.65,-253.98)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.7169924" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,149.28,-240.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,156.15,-243.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,166.53,-240.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,183.77,-224.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,177.87,-246.8)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,179.06,-253.98)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.4045279" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.3996477" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,194.02,-240.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,200.9,-243.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,213.18,-240.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.055052" y="0"> −</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.407776" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.571274" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.560932" y="0"> +</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="56.901154" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="63.152653" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="69.404152" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="245.31" y="0.91000003"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="249.4735" y="0.91000003"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="255.72501" y="0.91000003"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="258.85074" y="0.91000003"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="265.10223" y="0.91000003"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="271.35376" y="0.91000003"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,126.75,-273.39)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,120.85,-295.89)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,122.38,-303.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.7169924" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,137,-289.33)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,143.88,-292.46)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,154.62,-289.33)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,171.87,-273.39)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,165.96,-295.89)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,167.15,-303.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.4045279" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.3996477" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,182.12,-289.33)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,189,-292.46)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.7435842" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,201.64,-289.33)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.458027" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="43.710487" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="55.738373" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="61.989876" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="67.203629" y="0"> …</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="81.794624" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="86.995872" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="93.209862" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="256.85001" y="0.91000003"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="261.01349" y="0.91000003"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="267.26498" y="0.91000003"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="270.39075" y="0.91000003"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="276.64224" y="0.91000003"> 4</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="282.89374" y="0.91000003"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,170.96,-324.54)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,165.06,-347.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,166.59,-354.21)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="22.610001" y="-29.67"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.7169924" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,183.3,-347.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,184.49,-354.21)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.4045279" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.3996477" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,199.45,-340.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,206.33,-343.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,216.95,-340.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,229.71,-324.54)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3497438" y="0"> +</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.344864" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,228.99,-347.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,229.96,-354.21)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.8508799" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.8459997" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,245.15,-340.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-122.86" y="35.560001"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.5013199" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="213.34" y="-0.12"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="217.50349" y="-0.12"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="223.755" y="-0.12"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="226.88075" y="-0.12"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="233.13225" y="-0.12"> 5</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="239.38374" y="-0.12"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,129.16,-379.17)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,139.79,-376.04)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ≤</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.115887" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.269043" y="0"> +</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.609264" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="44.860764" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="51.799931" y="0"> ⋅</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="58.163956" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,204.16,-379.17)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,211.31,-376.04)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-75.889999" y="22.6"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.166139" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.054571" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.255819" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.595322" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="44.635712" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="50.887211" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="56.10096" y="0"> …</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="70.679459" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="75.893211" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="82.107201" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="247.17999" y="1.13"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="251.34351" y="1.13"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="257.595" y="1.13"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="260.72076" y="1.13"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="266.97226" y="1.13"> 6</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="273.22375" y="1.13"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,141.63,-401.77)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,152.25,-398.64)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-3.3499999" y="22.6"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ∈</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.115887" y="0"> {</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.117327" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.368828" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.570074" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.821575" y="0"> }</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.911015" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="61.089657" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="64.978088" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="70.179337" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="78.518837" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="90.559227" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="96.81073" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="102.01198" y="0"> …</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="116.60298" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="121.81673" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="128.03072" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="306.23999" y="1.13"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="310.4035" y="1.13"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="316.655" y="1.13"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="319.78076" y="1.13"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="326.03226" y="1.13"> 7</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="332.28375" y="1.13"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,155.78,-424.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,166.4,-421.24)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ≥</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.458027" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.346462" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.560211" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="50.887211" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="62.927601" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="69.1791" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="74.392853" y="0"> …</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="88.971352" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="94.185097" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="100.39909" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="292.09" y="1.13"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="296.25351" y="1.13"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="302.505" y="1.13"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="305.63074" y="1.13"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="311.88226" y="1.13"> 8</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="318.13376" y="1.13"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,150.94,-441.42)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,145.04,-463.92)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,145.86,-471.1)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.148448" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.143568" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,161.2,-457.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,167.31,-460.49)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.148448" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,179.36,-457.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.458027" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="41.785027" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="53.825417" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="60.076916" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="65.290665" y="0"> …</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="79.881668" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="85.082916" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="91.296906" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="279.13" y="0.15000001"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="283.29349" y="0.15000001"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="289.54501" y="0.15000001"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="292.67075" y="0.15000001"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="298.92224" y="0.15000001"> 9</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="305.17374" y="0.15000001"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,150.41,-489)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,144.51,-511.49)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,145.7,-518.67)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.4045279" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.3996477" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,160.66,-504.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,166.78,-508.06)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.148448" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,178.83,-504.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.46" y="35.560001"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.458027" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.847782" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="54.888168" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="61.139671" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="66.353424" y="0"> …</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="80.931915" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="86.145668" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="92.359657" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="279.66" y="0.91000003"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="283.82349" y="0.91000003"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="290.07501" y="0.91000003"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="293.20074" y="0.91000003"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="299.45224" y="0.91000003"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="305.70374" y="0.91000003"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,195.41,-543.62)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,208.13,-540.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="250.36" y="0.62"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="254.5235" y="0.62"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="260.77499" y="0.62"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="263.90076" y="0.62"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="270.15225" y="0.62"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="276.40375" y="0.62"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,187.35,-560.18)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,181.45,-582.67)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,182.64,-589.85)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.4045279" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.3996477" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,197.6,-576.12)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,203.72,-579.24)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3497438" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,215.97,-576.12)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="242.52" y="0.91000003"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="246.6835" y="0.91000003"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="252.935" y="0.91000003"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="256.06076" y="0.91000003"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="262.31226" y="0.91000003"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="268.56375" y="0.91000003"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,86.91,-609.26)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,81.01,-631.76)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,81.52,-638.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.7435842" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.738704" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,97.16,-625.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,104.04,-628.33)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.4045279" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,115.46,-625.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.50372" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.493378" y="0"> +</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.833599" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="44.860764" y="0"> −</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="56.21349" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="60.376987" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="67.041084" y="0"> +</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="78.38131" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="84.632805" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="88.796303" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="95.735474" y="0"> ⋅</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="102.09949" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,223.68,-628.33)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,234.3,-625.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ≥</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.458027" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.346462" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.54771" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="50.887211" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="62.927601" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="69.1791" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="74.380348" y="0"> …</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="88.971352" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="94.185097" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="100.39909" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="224.19" y="0.16"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="228.3535" y="0.16"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="234.605" y="0.16"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="237.73074" y="0.16"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="243.98225" y="0.16"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="250.23375" y="0.16"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,130.22,-656.84)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,124.32,-679.33)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,125.51,-686.51)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.4045279" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.3996477" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,140.47,-672.78)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,146.68,-675.9)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,156.6,-672.78)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,173.85,-656.84)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,167.95,-679.33)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,168.76,-686.51)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.148448" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.143568" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,184.1,-672.78)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,190.21,-675.9)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.148448" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,201.06,-672.78)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-66.230003" y="35.560001"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ≥</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.445526" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.809792" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="52.850182" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="59.101681" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="64.31543" y="0"> …</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="78.893929" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="84.107681" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="90.321671" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="257.42999" y="0.91000003"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="261.59351" y="0.91000003"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="267.845" y="0.91000003"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="270.97076" y="0.91000003"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="277.22226" y="0.91000003"> 4</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="283.47375" y="0.91000003"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,140.94,-711.46)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.148448" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,151.78,-708.34)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ∈</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.115887" y="0"> {</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.117327" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.368828" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.582579" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.83408" y="0"> }</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.911015" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="61.089657" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="67.016083" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="72.229828" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="79.581596" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="91.621986" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="97.873482" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="103.08723" y="0"> …</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="117.66573" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="122.87949" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="129.09348" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="306.70999" y="0.62"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="310.8735" y="0.62"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="317.125" y="0.62"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="320.25076" y="0.62"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="326.50226" y="0.62"> 5</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="332.75375" y="0.62"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span>约束(<一个href="#EEq10">3所示。7</一个>)和(<一个href="#EEq11">3所示。8</一个>)是分配问题的约束,确保每个医院访问一次。约束(<一个href="#EEq12">3所示。9</一个>)和(<一个href="#EEq13">3.10</一个>)确保车辆从仓库开始和完成在仓库。冗余约束(<一个href="#EEq14">3.11</一个>)和(<一个href="#EEq15">3.12</一个>)一起约束(<一个href="#EEq16">3.13</一个>),(<gydF4y2Ba一个href="#EEq17">3.14</一个>)和(<一个href="#EEq18">3.15</一个>删除subtours)定义一个网络流问题,也就是说,确保解决方案的可行性。约束(<一个href="#EEq22">3.19</一个>)(<gydF4y2Ba一个href="#EEq28">3.25</一个>)调度约束根据医院的访问顺序工作。约束(<一个href="#EEq22">3.19</一个>)和(<一个href="#EEq23">3.20</一个>)确保只有一个医院访问的位置<gydF4y2Basvg height="9.9250002" id="M57" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt;width:4.9875002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 4.9875002 9.9250002" width="4.9875002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,9.925)"> <g transform="translate(72,-64.06)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,反之亦然。约束(<一个href="#EEq24">3.21</一个>)和(<一个href="#EEq25">3.22</一个>)确保车辆从仓库开始和结束时回到仓库的服务。约束(<一个href="#EEq19">3.16</一个>),和约束(<一个href="#EEq26">3.23</一个>)和(<一个href="#EEq27">3.24</一个>),链接变量<gydF4y2Basvg height="12.975" id="M58" style="vertical-align:-4.77652pt;width:17.6625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.6625 12.975" width="17.6625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.975)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.62)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>变量<gydF4y2Basvg height="12.95" id="M59" style="vertical-align:-4.77652pt;width:16.8125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16.8125 12.95" width="16.8125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.95)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.64)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.75,63.32)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和变量<gydF4y2Basvg height="12.95" id="M60" style="vertical-align:-4.77652pt;width:16.8125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16.8125 12.95" width="16.8125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.95)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.64)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.75,63.32)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>变量<gydF4y2Basvg height="11.05" id="M61" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:16.975px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16.975 11.05" width="16.975" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.05)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.16)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.84,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.148448" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,分别。所有的事实<gydF4y2Basvg height="12.975" id="M62" style="vertical-align:-4.77652pt;width:17.6625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.6625 12.975" width="17.6625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.975)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.62)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,<gydF4y2Basvg height="11.05" id="M63" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:16.975px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16.975 11.05" width="16.975" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.05)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.16)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.84,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.148448" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,<gydF4y2Basvg height="12.95" id="M64" style="vertical-align:-4.77652pt;width:16.8125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16.8125 12.95" width="16.8125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.95)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.64)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.75,63.32)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>变量是二进制和非负的,分别是由约束(保证<一个href="#EEq20">3.17</一个>),(<gydF4y2Ba一个href="#EEq28">3.25</一个>)和(<一个href="#EEq21">3.18</一个>)。<gydF4y2Babr>表<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/aor/2012/393890/tab2/" target="_blank">2</一个>报告四维度的数学模型开发了TRP,体能训练时即模型Fischetti这样et al。<一个href="#B15">15</一个>Eijl[],模型<一个href="#B16">16</一个>),模型Mendez-Diaz et al。<一个href="#B18">18</一个>],Salehipour和Sepehri [<一个href="#B14">14</一个>)(也Flow-SP模型)。</gydF4y2Baspan></p> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="tab2"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-tab2"> <table class="table-group" id="tab2"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <table class="table"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="6"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr class="thead"> <td align="left"><br></td> <td align="center" colspan="5">模型</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr class="thead"> <td align="left"></td> <td align="center">1</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">Flow-SP</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">Fischetti et al。<gydF4y2Babr>1993年(<一个href="#B15">15</一个>]</ggydF4y2BaydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">Eijl 1995 (<一个href="#B16">16</一个>]</ggydF4y2BaydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">Mendez-Diaz et al。<gydF4y2Babr>2008年(<一个href="#B18">18</一个>]</ggydF4y2BaydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="6"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">数量的变量</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center"><span style="width: 42.737499px;"> <svg height="14.4125" id="M65" style="vertical-align:-0.51414pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 42.737499 14.4125" width="42.737499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.4125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.47)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,61.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.74,66.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-58.08,61.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.327718" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></td> <td align="center"><span style="width: 21.799999px;"> <svg height="14.2" id="M66" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 21.799999 14.2" width="21.799999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.2)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.64)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,60.86)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.2515001" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-59.48,66.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></td> <td align="center"><span style="width: 21.799999px;"> <svg height="13.9" id="M67" style="vertical-align:-0.10033pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 21.799999 13.9" width="21.799999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.9)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.88)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,61.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.2515001" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-59.48,66.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></td> <td align="center"><span style="width: 47.224998px;"> <svg height="13.9" id="M68" style="vertical-align:-0.10033pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 47.224998 13.9" width="47.224998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.9)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.88)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,61.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.2515001" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-59.48,66.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-51.83,61.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></td> <td align="center"><span style="width: 70.912498px;"> <svg height="14.4125" id="M69" style="vertical-align:-0.51414pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 70.912498 14.4125" width="70.912498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.4125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.47)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,61.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.74,66.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-58.08,61.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.327718" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-40.53,66.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-32.87,61.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.327718" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">数量的限制</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center"><span style="width: 44.450001px;"> <svg height="11.325" id="M70" style="vertical-align:-0.51414pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 44.450001 11.325" width="44.450001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.94)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.9896574" y="0"> +</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.329878" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.581379" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></td> <td align="center"><span style="width: 90.925003px;"> <svg height="14.4125" id="M71" style="vertical-align:-0.51414pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 90.925003 14.4125" width="90.925003" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.4125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.47)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,61.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.2515001" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-59.48,66.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-49.75,61.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.428222" y="0"> 6</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.679722" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.744877" y="0"> +</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="44.1731" y="0"> 5</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></td> <td align="center"><span style="width: 72.6875px;"> <svg height="14.4125" id="M72" style="vertical-align:-0.51414pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 72.6875 14.4125" width="72.6875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.4125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.47)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,61.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.74,66.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-58.08,61.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.327718" y="0"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.579218" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.581379" y="0"> +</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.9216" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></td> <td align="center"><span style="width: 64.875px;"> <svg height="14.4125" id="M73" style="vertical-align:-0.51414pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 64.875 14.4125" width="64.875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.4125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.47)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,61.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.74,66.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-58.08,61.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.327718" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.329878" y="0"> −</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.670099" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></td> <td align="center"><span style="width: 131.45px;"> <svg height="32.325001" id="M74" style="vertical-align:-8.95367pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 131.45 32.325001" width="131.45" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,32.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-46.14)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-70.75,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.2139912" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.37749" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.354645" y="0"> −</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.707369" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.958866" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="41.122368" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.285866" y="0"> 8</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="51.537365" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="60.527023" y="0"> +</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="71.867241" y="0"> 5</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="78.118744" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <g> <path d="m -70.75,58.25 82.29,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-32.73,46.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 6</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="48.240002" y="-8.75"> +</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="59.580219" y="-8.75"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></td> </tr> <tr class="table-tr"> <td colspan="6"> <hr class="tbody-hr"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> <tr class="table-fn"> <td> <svg height="7.1374998" id="M75" style="vertical-align:-0.10033pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 7.8874998 7.1374998" width="7.8874998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.1375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-66.29)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>:节点总数。<gydF4y2Babr> <svg height="7.1374998" id="M76" style="vertical-align:-0.10033pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.225 7.1374998" width="11.225" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.1375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-66.29)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>:车辆总数。<gydF4y2Babr></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">表2</gydF4y2Baspan> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/aor/2012/393890/tab2/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> 总数量的决策变量和约束的模型提出了TRP。</gydF4y2Badiv> </div> </div> <p>除了表<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/aor/2012/393890/tab2/" target="_blank">2</一个>对于每个模型的性能报告,另一个比较表<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/aor/2012/393890/tab3/" target="_blank">3</一个>。在这个表中,50个问题在10个不同的大小从10节点到50个节点被解决。在每个大小5实例被认为是,节点的坐标是随机生成的,欧几里得成本计算,四舍五入到最近的整数。对于每一个尺寸,意思是,最小,最大计算时间在几秒钟内(超过五个实例),意味着,最小和最大的百分比差距报告。注意限制计算时间是1小时。从ILOG实施商业规划求解最大化策略9.0。</p><gydF4y2Badiv class="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="tab3"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-tab3"> <table class="table-group" id="tab3"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <table class="table"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="10"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr class="thead"> <td align="left" rowspan="2"><br><br>大小</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center" colspan="2">Flow-SP</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center" colspan="2">Fischetti et al . 1993<一个href="#B15">15</一个>]</ggydF4y2BaydF4y2Batd> <td align="center" colspan="2">Eijl 1995 (<一个href="#B16">16</一个>]</ggydF4y2BaydF4y2Batd> <td align="center" colspan="2">Mendez-Diaz 2008 (<一个href="#B18">18</一个>]</ggydF4y2BaydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr class="thead"> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center">时间</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">差距</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">时间</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">差距</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">时间</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">差距</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">时间</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">差距</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="10"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"></td> <td align="center">的意思是</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">14.37</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">325.28</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">661.51</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">34.65</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">10</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">最小值</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">9.13</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">106.38</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">186.84</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">20.75</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"></td> <td align="center">马克斯</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">17.73</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">890.12</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1667.9</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">29.11</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"></td> <td align="center">的意思是</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">105.79</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3507.02</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">19.53</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3600年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">60.02</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">426.36</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">15</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">最小值</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">23.79</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3135.12</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3600年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">49.76</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">112.84</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"></td> <td align="center">马克斯</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">182.34</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3600年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">41.02</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3600年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">65.95</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">719.04</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"></td> <td align="center">的意思是</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">605.11</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3600年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">43.47</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3600年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">63.51</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">2639.94</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">9.64</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">18</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">最小值</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">120.09</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3600年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">35.98</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3600年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">56.76</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">902.44</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"></td> <td align="center">马克斯</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1261.23</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3600年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">51.88</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3600年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">70.22</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3600年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">12.57</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"></td> <td align="center">的意思是</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">208.59</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3600年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">48.77</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3600年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">68.96</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3133.59</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">13.48</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">20.</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">最小值</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">59.27</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3600年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">39.81</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3600年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">63.12</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">2753.04</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"></td> <td align="center">马克斯</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">393.13</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3600年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">54.83</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3600年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">72.77</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3600年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">17.84</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"></td> <td align="center">的意思是</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">2718.98</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3.84</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3600年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">67.3</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3600年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">82.54</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3600年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">18.89</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">25</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">最小值</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1382.57</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3600年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">63.46</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3600年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">79.37</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3600年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">14.35</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"></td> <td align="center">马克斯</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3600年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">7.39</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3600年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">70.45</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3600年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">87.2</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3600年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">20.64</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"></td> <td align="center">的意思是</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3600年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">14.16</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3600年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">70.75</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3600年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">83.46</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3600年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">23.83</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">30.</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">最小值</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3600年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">7.33</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3600年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">65.58</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3600年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">81.02</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3600年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">19.72</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"></td> <td align="center">马克斯</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3600年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">19.93</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3600年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">76.17</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3600年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">84.6</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3600年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">26.38</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"></td> <td align="center">的意思是</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3600年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">19.82</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3600年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">80.56</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3600年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">86.74</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3600年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">29.28</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">35</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">最小值</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3600年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">11.47</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3600年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">78.9</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3600年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">85.48</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3600年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">26.63</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"></td> <td align="center">马克斯</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3600年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">30.37</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3600年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">82.82</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3600年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">87.86</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3600年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">35.11</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"></td> <td align="center">的意思是</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3600年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">20.68</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3600年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">84.51</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3600年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">87.48</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3600年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">33.68</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">40</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">最小值</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3600年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">14.18</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3600年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">79.25</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3600年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">86.76</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3600年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">27.82</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"></td> <td align="center">马克斯</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3600年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">22.4</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3600年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">87.62</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3600年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">88.27</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3600年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">38.92</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"></td> <td align="center">的意思是</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3600年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">23.46</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3600年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">89.24</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3600年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">89.09</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3600年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">38.98</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">45</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">最小值</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3600年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">15.61</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3600年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">86.28</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3600年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">88.02</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3600年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">34.79</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"></td> <td align="center">马克斯</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3600年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">29.02</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3600年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">91.03</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3600年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">89.8</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3600年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">39.03</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"></td> <td align="center">的意思是</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3600年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">26.37</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3600年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">88.28</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3600年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">91.52</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3600年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">44.13</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">50</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">最小值</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3600年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">18.11</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3600年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">85.84</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3600年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">- - - - - -</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3600年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">37.04</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"></td> <td align="center">马克斯</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3600年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">33.33</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3600年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">89.95</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3600年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">92.26</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3600年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">48.77</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr class="table-tr"> <td colspan="10"> <hr class="tbody-hr"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">表3</gydF4y2Baspan> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/aor/2012/393890/tab3/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> 四个模型的性能提出了TRP随机生成的实例。</gydF4y2Badiv> </div> </div> <p>根据表,最好的结果报告的模型Flow-SP由Salehipour和Sepehri [<一个href="#B14">14</一个>]。模型的性能Mendez-Diaz等人很有前途。甚至忽略了计算时间,差距,Mendez-Diaz模型等人不是Flow-SP仍然与模型,作为最大的尺寸来解决模型Flow-SP 25节点。</p><gydF4y2Bah4 id="heuristic-model">4所示。启发式模型</gydF4y2Bah4> <p>尽管一个强大的混合整数规划开发的部分<一个href="#sec3.2">3所示。2</一个>医院,找到最优的问题排列在一个路线(旅行修理工问题)仍很难解决。,实现算法的解决方案中,较大的情况下,开发一种有效的混合启发式算法在本节中。的基本思想是控制程序通过可变邻域搜索的改进(VNS)算法使用模拟退火(SA)算法。启发式的基础开发的以下部分需要找到最接近,刷新率——接近等等医院任何给定的医院。因此,我们旅行时间数据进行预处理并保持在内存中每个医院一个包含一行距离矩阵。的<gydF4y2Basvg height="9.9250002" id="M77" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt;width:4.9875002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 4.9875002 9.9250002" width="4.9875002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,9.925)"> <g transform="translate(72,-64.06)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>th矩阵的行包含所有医院(除了医院<gydF4y2Basvg height="9.9250002" id="M78" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt;width:4.9875002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 4.9875002 9.9250002" width="4.9875002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,9.925)"> <g transform="translate(72,-64.06)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)附近的医院<gydF4y2Basvg height="9.9250002" id="M79" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt;width:4.9875002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 4.9875002 9.9250002" width="4.9875002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,9.925)"> <g transform="translate(72,-64.06)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。追随者是通过该混合算法的细节。</p><gydF4y2Bah5 id="sec4.1">4.1。的构造算法</gydF4y2Bah5> <p>建设启发式贪婪随机自适应搜索过程(掌握)由Feo说,这里<一个href="#B21">21</一个>,<gydF4y2Ba一个href="#B22">22</一个>]。TRP使用掌握的动机是最初几个医院的观测路线比后来的更重要。这种立即源于(<一个href="#EEq3">2.4</一个>),很明显,<gydF4y2Basvg height="9.9250002" id="M80" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt;width:4.9875002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 4.9875002 9.9250002" width="4.9875002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,9.925)"> <g transform="translate(72,-64.06)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>th距离乘以一个因素的解决方案<gydF4y2Basvg height="13.45" id="M81" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:91.75px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 91.75 13.45" width="91.75" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.45)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.153156" y="0"> +</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.493378" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.744877" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.684044" y="0"> −</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="49.024261" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="55.700867" y="0"> +</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="67.041084" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。因此,预计一个贪婪算法执行。一个完全贪婪算法另一方面可以将错过一些有趣的机会。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba作为最有特色的贪吃的把握与随机性相结合在施工阶段,限制候选人名单(RCL)是由选择所有元素的一个子集(医院)贪婪的方式。假设一个最小化问题,RCL包含的元素纳入部分构建的解决方案会产生最小的目标函数值增加。RCL,然后随机选择一个元素,然后RCL更新,以反映这一事实是一个新元素被添加到解决方案,不再是可供选择。元素的选择和更新的RCL重复直到已经形成了一个完整的解决方案。从这个解决方案,改进过程开始,直到找到一个局部最优。RCL的大小,<gydF4y2Basvg height="7.1750002" id="M82" style="vertical-align:-0.1254pt;width:8.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.9375 7.1750002" width="8.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.175)"> <g transform="translate(72,-66.26)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>掌握算法的一个参数,控制贪吃和随机性之间的平衡。如果<gydF4y2Basvg height="7.1750002" id="M83" style="vertical-align:-0.1254pt;width:8.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.9375 7.1750002" width="8.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.175)"> <g transform="translate(72,-66.26)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>小,搜索比较贪婪。如果<gydF4y2Basvg height="7.1750002" id="M84" style="vertical-align:-0.1254pt;width:8.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.9375 7.1750002" width="8.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.175)"> <g transform="translate(72,-66.26)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>大,是相对随机。</p><p>gydF4y2BaRCL概念很容易翻译TRP,高效地使用距离矩阵来实现。从0开始,RCL充满了<gydF4y2Basvg height="7.1750002" id="M85" style="vertical-align:-0.1254pt;width:8.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.9375 7.1750002" width="8.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.175)"> <g transform="translate(72,-66.26)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>最近的医院。从这个RCL,随机选择医院,然后RCL充满了<gydF4y2Basvg height="7.1750002" id="M86" style="vertical-align:-0.1254pt;width:8.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.9375 7.1750002" width="8.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.175)"> <g transform="translate(72,-66.26)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>医院接近它,删除任何已经选定的医院。如果少于<gydF4y2Basvg height="7.1750002" id="M87" style="vertical-align:-0.1254pt;width:8.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.9375 7.1750002" width="8.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.175)"> <g transform="translate(72,-66.26)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>的大小医院,然后RCL却降低了。算法<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/aor/2012/393890/alg1/" target="_blank">1</一个>概述了TRP掌握构造算法。</p><p></p><gydF4y2Badiv class="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="alg1"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-alg1"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td> <table class="algorithm" id="alg1"> <tbody> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <svg height="14.75" id="M88" style="vertical-align:-3.20526pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 143.3625 14.75" width="143.3625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.75)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.2)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.277946" y="0"> ←</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.331558" y="0"> {</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.332996" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.584499" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="44.798248" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-20.82,60.32)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-15.95,63.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.2012482" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-4.41,60.32)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,0.46,63.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.2012482" y="0"> …</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.79225" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.006001" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,31.8,60.32)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,36.64,63.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> }</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>;</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <svg height="14.7125" id="M89" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 44.712502 14.7125" width="44.712502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.23)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.62,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-57.58,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ←</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.041109" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>;</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><b>重复</gydF4y2Bab></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><i></i>创建RCL<我>α</gydF4y2Ba我>顶点<gydF4y2Basvg height="14.3625" id="M90" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 44.1875 14.3625" width="44.1875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.51)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.62,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-58.93,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ∈</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>最接近<gydF4y2Basvg height="11.3125" id="M91" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 13.7375 11.3125" width="13.7375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.3125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.95)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.22)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.62,63.1)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>;</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><i></i>选择随机的顶点<gydF4y2Basvg height="12.325" id="M92" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 32.512501 12.325" width="32.512501" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.14)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,65.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.62,62.19)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-58.08,65.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ∈</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>RCL;</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><i></i> <svg height="14.6625" id="M93" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 73.3125 14.6625" width="73.3125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.6625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.277946" y="0"> ←</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.331558" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.146172" y="0"> {</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.147614" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-23.47,60.32)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-19.4,63.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> }</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>;</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><i></i> <svg height="11.3125" id="M94" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 49.887501 11.3125" width="49.887501" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.3125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.95)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.22)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.62,63.1)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-57.58,66.22)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ←</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.041109" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-36.21,63.1)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><b>直到</gydF4y2Bab> <svg height="11.5625" id="M95" style="vertical-align:-0.99066pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 42.4375 11.5625" width="42.4375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.5625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.75)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.277946" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.318335" y="0"> ∅</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>;</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">算法1</gydF4y2Baspan> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/aor/2012/393890/alg1/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> TRP大纲的理解。</gydF4y2Badiv> </div> </div> <p></p> <h5 id="sec4.2">4.2。改进过程:SA +迷走神经刺激法算法</gydF4y2Bah5> <p>改进过程包括五个本地搜索,从路由获得文学和修改这个问题,改变了以系统的方式使用可变邻域搜索(VNS) meta-heuristic [<一个href="#B23">23</一个>- - - - - -<一个href="#B26">26</一个>]。这个VNS算法本身控制的模拟退火(SA) meta-heuristic避免被困在当地的最适条件。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba迷走神经刺激法meta-heuristic系统地探讨了不同的社区结构。迷走神经刺激法背后的主要思想是,局部最优相对于一个特定的社区结构不一定是一个局部最优相对于另一个社区结构。出于这个原因,逃离局部最优可以实现通过改变社区结构。虽然这不是必需的,许多的实现VNS使用一系列嵌套的社区,<gydF4y2Basvg height="14.2375" id="M96" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:19.512501px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 19.512501 14.2375" width="19.512501" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.2375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.61)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-61.31,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>来<gydF4y2Basvg height="14.3625" id="M97" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:44.287498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 44.287498 14.3625" width="44.287498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.51)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-61.31,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.1964159" y="0"> 米</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="13.005472" y="0"> 一个</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="16.891359" y="0"> x</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>中,序列中的每个社区其前任的超集,也就是说,<gydF4y2Basvg height="14.6875" id="M98" style="vertical-align:-3.49493pt;width:69.25px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 69.25 14.6875" width="69.25" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.6875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.25)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-61.31,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-56.07,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ⊂</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-32.27,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.7435842" y="0"> +</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.738704" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。社区用于我们的手脚不具有这个属性。此外,通常只在VNS算法大社区检查当所有小社区已经耗尽,也就是说,目前的解决方案是一个局部最优时的小社区。另一个选择是使用社区秩序的有效性的问题,可以建立一个小试验研究。算法<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/aor/2012/393890/alg2/" target="_blank">2</一个>介绍了一个基本的伪代码迷走神经刺激法。</p><p></p><gydF4y2Badiv class="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="alg2"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-alg2"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td> <table class="algorithm" id="alg2"> <tbody> <tr> <td colspan="2"><b>输入:</gydF4y2Bab>初步解决方案<gydF4y2Basvg height="7.1624999" id="M99" style="vertical-align:-0.11285pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.7250004 7.1624999" width="8.7250004" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.1625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-66.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>;</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><b>直到</gydF4y2Bab>停止的标准是满足<gydF4y2Bab>做</gydF4y2Bab></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">初始化:<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.8625" id="M100" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 39.5625 10.8625" width="39.5625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.8625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.31)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.239957" y="0"> ←</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.29357" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>;</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><b>直到</gydF4y2Bab> <svg height="14.5875" id="M101" style="vertical-align:-3.22282pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 59.5625 14.5875" width="59.5625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.5875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.33)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.239957" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.280346" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-42.89,60.47)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 米</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> 一个</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.694944" y="0"> x</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg><b>重复</gydF4y2Bab></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">握手:生成<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.8625" id="M102" style="vertical-align:-0.11285pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.7250004 10.8625" width="8.7250004" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.8625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.31)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.91,63.47)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ́</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-7.0391889" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>随机从<gydF4y2Basvg height="14.7125" id="M103" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 38.987499 14.7125" width="38.987499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.23)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-61.31,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-56.07,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.040149" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>并将它设置为现任解决方案;</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">本地搜索:应用一些本地搜索方法<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.8625" id="M104" style="vertical-align:-0.11285pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.7250004 10.8625" width="8.7250004" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.8625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.31)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.91,63.47)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ́</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-7.0391889" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>;表示与<gydF4y2Basvg height="12.3125" id="M105" style="vertical-align:-0.11285pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.7250004 12.3125" width="8.7250004" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.3125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.15)"> <g> <path d="m -71.95,70.71 6.88,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,62.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>所以获得当地</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">最优;</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><b>如果</gydF4y2Bab> <svg height="12.3125" id="M106" style="vertical-align:-0.11285pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.7250004 12.3125" width="8.7250004" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.3125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.15)"> <g> <path d="m -71.95,70.71 6.88,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,62.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>比<gydF4y2Basvg height="7.1624999" id="M107" style="vertical-align:-0.11285pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.7250004 7.1624999" width="8.7250004" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.1625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-66.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg><b>然后</gydF4y2Bab></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <svg height="12.3125" id="M108" style="vertical-align:-0.11285pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 40.474998 12.3125" width="40.474998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.3125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.15)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,62.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.339981" y="0"> ←</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <g> <path d="m -46.55,70.71 6.88,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-46.55,62.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>并设置<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.8625" id="M109" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 39.5625 10.8625" width="39.5625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.8625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.31)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.239957" y="0"> ←</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.29357" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>;</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><b>其他的</gydF4y2Bab></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <svg height="11.325" id="M110" style="vertical-align:-0.51414pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 65.6875 11.325" width="65.6875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.94)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.239957" y="0"> ←</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.29357" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.84586" y="0"> +</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="46.186081" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>(切换到另一个小区);</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">算法2</gydF4y2Baspan> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/aor/2012/393890/alg2/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> 大纲的基本变量附近搜索。</gydF4y2Badiv> </div> </div> <p></p> <p>根据我们之前的经验,我们集<gydF4y2Basvg height="14.9" id="M111" style="vertical-align:-3.22282pt;width:58.912498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 58.912498 14.9" width="58.912498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.9)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.08)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.17,60.22)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 米</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> 一个</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.694944" y="0"> x</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-43.21,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 5</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>在混合算法。这五个社区应用根据订单表中给出<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/aor/2012/393890/tab4/" target="_blank">4</一个>。</p><gydF4y2Badiv class="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="tab4"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-tab4"> <table class="table-group" id="tab4"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <table class="table"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="2"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr class="thead"> <td align="left"><span style="width: 8.6000004px;"> <svg height="10.7375" id="M112" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.6000004 10.7375" width="8.6000004" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.7375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.41)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></td> <td align="center">社区</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="2"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">1</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">交换相邻</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">2</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">交换</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">3</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">Remove-insert</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">4</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">2-OPT</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">5</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3-OPT</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr class="table-tr"> <td colspan="2"> <hr class="tbody-hr"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">表4</gydF4y2Baspan> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/aor/2012/393890/tab4/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> 社区及其应用秩序迷走神经刺激法的改进方案。</gydF4y2Badiv> </div> </div> <p>引入了柯克帕特里克et al。<一个href="#B27">27</一个>),SA算法是一个著名的meta-heuristic算法捕获在当地最适条件以避免有时接受社区此举加剧了目标函数的值。接受或拒绝的移动(甚至更糟)的移动是由一个随机数序列,但概率控制。的概率接受移动,导致增加<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.6625" id="M113" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:11.4125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.4125 10.6625" width="11.4125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.6625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.47)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.52)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> Δ</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>的目标函数<gydF4y2Basvg height="13.4875" id="M114" style="vertical-align:-2.34499pt;width:10.675px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 10.675 13.4875" width="10.675" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.4875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.21)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>叫做接受函数,通常设置为<gydF4y2Basvg height="13.9375" id="M115" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt;width:41.1875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 41.1875 13.9375" width="41.1875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.9375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.85)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,61.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-66.39,66.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9144161" y="0"> −</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.9095364" y="0"> Δ</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="15.22848" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="18.142897" y="0"> /</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="20.575953" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,在那里<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.325" id="M116" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:11.225px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.225 10.325" width="11.225" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>是一个控制参数对应于物理退火温度类比。这种接受函数意味着小的增加<gydF4y2Basvg height="13.4875" id="M117" style="vertical-align:-2.34499pt;width:10.675px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 10.675 13.4875" width="10.675" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.4875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.21)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>比大幅增加更容易被接受。当<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.325" id="M118" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:11.225px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.225 10.325" width="11.225" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>高,大多数移动会被接受,但是当吗<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.325" id="M119" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:11.225px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.225 10.325" width="11.225" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>趋于0最艰苦的举措将被拒绝。通常,SA始于一个相对较高的值<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.325" id="M120" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:11.225px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.225 10.325" width="11.225" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>为了避免过早陷入局部最优。该算法所得的一定数量的社区行动在每个温度(在VNS算法),而温度逐渐下降。我们实现了SA在本地搜索算法作为控制方案以避免被困在当地的最适条件。SA是在算法的轮廓<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/aor/2012/393890/alg3/" target="_blank">3</一个>,显示了混合算法的轮廓的算法<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/aor/2012/393890/alg4/" target="_blank">4</一个>。</p><p></p><gydF4y2Badiv class="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="alg3"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-alg3"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td> <table class="algorithm" id="alg3"> <tbody> <tr> <td colspan="2"><b>输入:</gydF4y2Bab>初步解决方案<gydF4y2Basvg height="7.1624999" id="M121" style="vertical-align:-0.11285pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.7250004 7.1624999" width="8.7250004" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.1625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-66.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">选择一个初始温度<gydF4y2Basvg height="11.0625" id="M122" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 35.924999 11.0625" width="35.924999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.15)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.339981" y="0"> ></gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.380369" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>;</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><b>重复</gydF4y2Bab></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><i></i>本地搜索:<gydF4y2Basvg height="14.2" id="M123" style="vertical-align:-2.7337pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 114.725 14.2" width="114.725" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.2)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.64)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.91,63.41)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ́</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-7.0391889" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="3.300792" y="0"> ←</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.354404" y="0"> 一个</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.905737" y="0"> r</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.881689" y="0"> g</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.246437" y="0"> 米</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="46.97377" y="0"> 我</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="50.449604" y="0"> n</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="58.789104" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="69.429161" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="73.592659" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="80.469307" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>;</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><i></i>计算<gydF4y2Basvg height="13.6375" id="M124" style="vertical-align:-2.34499pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 103.8125 13.6375" width="103.8125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.6375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.09)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.47)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> Δ</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.490497" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.530886" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.470051" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.672737" y="0"> ́</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.646053" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.522701" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="49.449364" y="0"> −</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="60.789585" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="67.728752" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="71.89225" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="78.768898" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>;</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><i></i><b>如果</gydF4y2Bab>Δ< 0然后<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.8625" id="M125" style="vertical-align:-0.11285pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 40.474998 10.8625" width="40.474998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.8625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.31)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.47)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.339981" y="0"> ←</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.432781" y="0"> ́</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.406096" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>;</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><i></i><b>Elseif</gydF4y2Bab>随机(0,1)<<gydF4y2Basvg height="13.9375" id="M126" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 33.900002 13.9375" width="33.900002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.9375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.85)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,61.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-66.39,66.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> −</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.99512" y="0"> Δ</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="12.314064" y="0"> /</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="14.74712" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,然后<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.8625" id="M127" style="vertical-align:-0.11285pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 40.474998 10.8625" width="40.474998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.8625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.31)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.47)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.339981" y="0"> ←</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.432781" y="0"> ́</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.406096" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>;</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><i></i><b>其他的</gydF4y2Bab></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><i></i>拒绝<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.8625" id="M128" style="vertical-align:-0.11285pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.7250004 10.8625" width="8.7250004" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.8625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.31)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.91,63.47)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ́</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-7.0391889" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>;</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><i></i> <svg height="13.45" id="M129" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 53.599998 13.45" width="53.599998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.45)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.339981" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.380369" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.257021" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.420521" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.609264" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>;</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><b>直到</gydF4y2Bab>是满足停止条件;</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">算法3</gydF4y2Baspan> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/aor/2012/393890/alg3/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> 模拟退火的轮廓。</gydF4y2Badiv> </div> </div> <p></p> <p></p> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="alg4"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-alg4"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td> <table class="algorithm" id="alg4"> <tbody> <tr> <td colspan="2">最好的初始过程,报告发现的解决方案<gydF4y2Basvg height="7.1624999" id="M130" style="vertical-align:-0.11285pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.7250004 7.1624999" width="8.7250004" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.1625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-66.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>;</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">初始过程SA +迷走神经刺激法;</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><b>重复</gydF4y2Bab></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><i></i>本地搜索:VNS过程五个街区,现任报告</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><i></i>解决方案<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.8625" id="M131" style="vertical-align:-0.11285pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.7250004 10.8625" width="8.7250004" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.8625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.31)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.91,63.47)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ́</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-7.0391889" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>;</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><i></i>计算<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.6625" id="M132" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.4125 10.6625" width="11.4125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.6625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.47)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.52)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> Δ</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>;</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><i></i><b>如果</gydF4y2Bab>Δ< 0然后<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.8625" id="M133" style="vertical-align:-0.11285pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 40.474998 10.8625" width="40.474998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.8625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.31)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.47)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.339981" y="0"> ←</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.432781" y="0"> ́</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.406096" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>;</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><i></i><b>Elseif</gydF4y2Bab>随机(0,1)<<gydF4y2Basvg height="13.9375" id="M134" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 33.900002 13.9375" width="33.900002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.9375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.85)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,61.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-66.39,66.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> −</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.99512" y="0"> Δ</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="12.314064" y="0"> /</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="14.74712" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,然后<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.8625" id="M135" style="vertical-align:-0.11285pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 40.474998 10.8625" width="40.474998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.8625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.31)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.47)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.339981" y="0"> ←</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.432781" y="0"> ́</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.406096" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>;</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><i></i><b>其他的</gydF4y2Bab>拒绝<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.8625" id="M136" style="vertical-align:-0.11285pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.7250004 10.8625" width="8.7250004" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.8625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.31)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.91,63.47)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ́</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-7.0391889" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和修改温度;</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><b>直到</gydF4y2Bab>停止准则满足;</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">算法4</gydF4y2Baspan> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/aor/2012/393890/alg4/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> 混合算法的轮廓。</gydF4y2Badiv> </div> </div> <p></p> <h5 id="sec4.3">4.3。社区</gydF4y2Bah5> <p>我们的搜索使用五个社区结构:交换相邻,交换,remove-insert 2-opt, 3-opt。交换启发式试图交换每一对的位置排列的医院。每个医院remove-insert启发式随机检查<gydF4y2Basvg height="9.9250002" id="M137" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt;width:4.9875002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 4.9875002 9.9250002" width="4.9875002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,9.925)"> <g transform="translate(72,-64.06)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>在解决方案和地方的排列。交换相邻启发式,交换法则的一个子集,尝试交换每一对相邻医院的排列。2-opt启发式删除每一对边(部分路线两个医院)的解决方案,并重新连接时的节点(医院)。3-opt启发式删除每个边缘的三联体的解决方案和重新连接时的解决方案,这样的方向解决方案部分保留。</p><gydF4y2Bah5 id="sec4.4">4.4。社区减少</gydF4y2Bah5> <p>几次都是降低社区的大小来检查在改进阶段。实现社区减少计划是基于观察,在一个相当不错的解决方案,大部分改进举措将包括医院出现在相对接近彼此在这个解决方案中。例如,在一个很好的解决方案不太可能交换会获得更好的解决方案交流医院出现接近仓库出现远非如此。因此,我们引入一个邻近的因素<gydF4y2Basvg height="13.425" id="M138" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:8.8500004px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.8500004 13.425" width="8.8500004" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.425)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.26)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>确定医院之间的最大距离可能参与。的因素<gydF4y2Basvg height="13.425" id="M139" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:8.8500004px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.8500004 13.425" width="8.8500004" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.425)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.26)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>有一个稍微不同的影响,这取决于移动。减少社区策略不用于交换相邻和remove-insert启发式。</p><gydF4y2Bah4 id="computational-results">5。计算结果</gydF4y2Bah4> <p>在本节中,我们提供了详细的数学公式计算实验中提供的部分<一个href="#sec3">3</一个>的混合启发式部分<一个href="#sec4">4</一个>。在这项研究中,两个数据集被认为是随机数据集,和一个真实的数据集。所有计算实验进行了奔腾4个人电脑和2 GB的内存和2.0 GHz CPU。我们使用从ILOG规划求解最大化策略9.0。混合启发式在c++编码。</p><gydF4y2Bah5 id="sec5.1">5.1。随机数据集</gydF4y2Bah5> <p>一组30随机生成实例大小不等的50,100年和150年医院(对于每一个尺寸,10问题生成)。对于每个问题,旅行时间在医院中使用均匀分布随机生成的<gydF4y2Basvg height="13.125" id="M140" style="vertical-align:-1.95624pt;width:48.299999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 48.299999 13.125" width="48.299999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.5)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.616247" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.867746" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.119247" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.370747" y="0"> ]</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。表<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/aor/2012/393890/tab5/" target="_blank">5</一个>显示生成的一般细节实例。在每个问题中,最大数量的10血液配送车辆被认为,尽管如此,根据模型1并不是所有的车辆可以实现最优的解决方案。在所有实例中,我们设置<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.5375" id="M141" style="vertical-align:-0.16302pt;width:22.237499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 22.237499 10.5375" width="22.237499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.5375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.57)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.8146152" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>(上限每辆车的总旅行时间)到1500岁。</p><gydF4y2Badiv class="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="tab5"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-tab5"> <table class="table-group" id="tab5"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <table class="table"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="3"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr class="thead"> <td align="left">文件名称</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">数量的医院</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">(最小,最大)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="3"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">TRP-S50-Rx<gydF4y2Babr>TRP-S100-Rx<gydF4y2Babr>TRP-S150-Rx</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">50<gydF4y2Babr>One hundred.<gydF4y2Babr>150年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">(0,100)<gydF4y2Babr>(0,100)<gydF4y2Babr>(0,100)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr class="table-tr"> <td colspan="3"> <hr class="tbody-hr"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">表5</gydF4y2Baspan> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/aor/2012/393890/tab5/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> 的一般细节生成实例。</gydF4y2Badiv> </div> </div> <p>调优参数的混合算法,即掌握算法参数,和SA算法参数,我们感兴趣的读者参考<一个href="#B14">14</一个>,<gydF4y2Ba一个href="#B28">28</一个>),全面研究关于这对TRP优化过程已经完成。这些参数的最佳值如表所示<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/aor/2012/393890/tab6/" target="_blank">6</一个>。</p><gydF4y2Badiv class="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="tab6"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-tab6"> <table class="table-group" id="tab6"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <table class="table"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="3"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr class="thead"> <td align="left">参数</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="left">描述</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">价值</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="3"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span style="width: 11.1125px;"> <svg height="13.05" id="M142" style="vertical-align:-3.25793pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.1125 13.05" width="11.1125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.05)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.56)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.86)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-68.04,61.74)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></td> <td align="left">初始温度</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">10</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span style="width: 7.3874998px;"> <svg height="7.1875" id="M143" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 7.3874998 7.1875" width="7.3874998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.1875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-66.25)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></td> <td align="left">冷却速率(<gydF4y2Basvg height="11.0625" id="M144" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 61.012501 11.0625" width="61.012501" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.15)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.7148314" y="0"> <</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.75522" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.4198" y="0"> <</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.46019" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.01</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">iter</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="left">在每个温度最大迭代数</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center"><span style="width: 14.6px;"> <svg height="6.8499999" id="M145" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 14.6 6.8499999" width="14.6" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,6.85)"> <g transform="translate(72,-66.52)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.57)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ∞</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span style="width: 8.9375px;"> <svg height="7.1750002" id="M146" style="vertical-align:-0.1254pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.9375 7.1750002" width="8.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.175)"> <g transform="translate(72,-66.26)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></td> <td align="left">RCL大小掌握构造算法</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">2</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr class="table-tr"> <td colspan="3"> <hr class="tbody-hr"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">表6</gydF4y2Baspan> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/aor/2012/393890/tab6/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> 混合启发式算法参数的最佳值。</gydF4y2Badiv> </div> </div> <p>表<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/aor/2012/393890/tab7/" target="_blank">7</一个>报告的完整计算结果整数数学规划和混合启发式。第四列的表,“OFV模型1”显示了目标函数值与模型1,即最小成本与构造相关的路线。模型的列“OFV Flow-SP”是指模型的计算结果Flow-SP,即最优排列在每个路线参观医院。所有报告的计算时间以秒为单位,我们设置了上限CPU时间是500秒。为每个实例,根据“OFV模型Flow-SP”,我们展示了平均水平,最小和最大的差距和时间与每一个解决方案(混合整数规划和混合启发式)方法。所有报告精确解的差距来自最大化策略求解器进行求解。这种差距从下界计算导出了最佳目标函数的解算器发现的解算器(显然,最优解这一差距是0%)。事实上,最大化策略求解证明了最优的解决方案通过使用这种差距。因此,这个差距可以衡量的强度公式的收敛速度差距对0%在合理的计算时间是重要的。值得一提的是,模型Flow-SP产生实例与50医院的平均差距为14.63%,和18%左右,分别与100年和150年医院实例。 The average of “Min. Gap” is even much lower as it is below 8%.</p><div class="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="tab7"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-tab7"> <table class="table-group" id="tab7"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <table class="table"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="16"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr class="thead"> <td align="left" rowspan="3">数量的医院</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center" colspan="12">OFV模型Flow-SP</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr class="thead"> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center" colspan="6">确切的</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center" colspan="6">混合启发式</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr class="thead"> <td align="center">实例名</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">最优的车辆数量</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">OFV模型1</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">大道的差距</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">大道的时间</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">分钟的差距</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">分钟时间</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">Max。差距</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">Max。时间</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">大道的差距</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">大道的时间</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">分钟的差距</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">分钟时间</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">Max。差距</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">Max。时间</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="16"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">50<gydF4y2Babr></td> <td align="center">TRP-S50-R1<gydF4y2Babr>TRP-S50-R2<gydF4y2Babr>TRP-S50-R3<gydF4y2Babr>TRP-S50-R4<gydF4y2Babr>TRP-S50-R5<gydF4y2Babr>TRP-S50-R6<gydF4y2Babr>TRP-S50-R7<gydF4y2Babr>TRP-S50-R8<gydF4y2Babr>TRP-S50-R9<gydF4y2Babr>TRP-S50-R10</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">2<gydF4y2Babr>2<gydF4y2Babr>2<gydF4y2Babr>2<gydF4y2Babr>3<gydF4y2Babr>2<gydF4y2Babr>2<gydF4y2Babr>2<gydF4y2Babr>3<gydF4y2Babr>2</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">4607年<gydF4y2Babr>4268年<gydF4y2Babr>4029年<gydF4y2Babr>4627年<gydF4y2Babr>6198年<gydF4y2Babr>4347年<gydF4y2Babr>4029年<gydF4y2Babr>4983年<gydF4y2Babr>6255年<gydF4y2Babr>4689年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">17.45<gydF4y2Babr>18.89<gydF4y2Babr>9.98<gydF4y2Babr>10.06<gydF4y2Babr>2.73<gydF4y2Babr>18.50<gydF4y2Babr>24.87<gydF4y2Babr>19.60<gydF4y2Babr>5.29<gydF4y2Babr>18.97</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">283.23<gydF4y2Babr>286.11<gydF4y2Babr>500年<gydF4y2Babr>322.95<gydF4y2Babr>195.10<gydF4y2Babr>272.72<gydF4y2Babr>303.61<gydF4y2Babr>500年<gydF4y2Babr>333.56<gydF4y2Babr>500年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0<gydF4y2Babr>0<gydF4y2Babr>3.71<gydF4y2Babr>0<gydF4y2Babr>0<gydF4y2Babr>0<gydF4y2Babr>0<gydF4y2Babr>14.5<gydF4y2Babr>0<gydF4y2Babr>6.51</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">66.45<gydF4y2Babr>72.22<gydF4y2Babr>500年<gydF4y2Babr>145.89<gydF4y2Babr>10.92<gydF4y2Babr>45.44<gydF4y2Babr>107.22<gydF4y2Babr>500年<gydF4y2Babr>0.69<gydF4y2Babr>500年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">34.9<gydF4y2Babr>37.78<gydF4y2Babr>16.24<gydF4y2Babr>20.11<gydF4y2Babr>0<gydF4y2Babr>37<gydF4y2Babr>49.74<gydF4y2Babr>24.69<gydF4y2Babr>10.6<gydF4y2Babr>31.43</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">500年<gydF4y2Babr>500年<gydF4y2Babr>500年<gydF4y2Babr>500年<gydF4y2Babr>74.39<gydF4y2Babr>500年<gydF4y2Babr>500年<gydF4y2Babr>500年<gydF4y2Babr>500年<gydF4y2Babr>500年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">7.05<gydF4y2Babr>6.43<gydF4y2Babr>7.12<gydF4y2Babr>11.01<gydF4y2Babr>2.74<gydF4y2Babr>11.57<gydF4y2Babr>4.11<gydF4y2Babr>7.65<gydF4y2Babr>4.11<gydF4y2Babr>13.07</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3.45<gydF4y2Babr>2.99<gydF4y2Babr>3.16<gydF4y2Babr>7.35<gydF4y2Babr>4.23<gydF4y2Babr>2.17<gydF4y2Babr>3.40<gydF4y2Babr>9.11<gydF4y2Babr>1.76<gydF4y2Babr>5.09</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0<gydF4y2Babr>0<gydF4y2Babr>3.71<gydF4y2Babr>0<gydF4y2Babr>0<gydF4y2Babr>0<gydF4y2Babr>0<gydF4y2Babr>12.30<gydF4y2Babr>0<gydF4y2Babr>5.54</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.12<gydF4y2Babr>1.23<gydF4y2Babr>0.67<gydF4y2Babr>0.19<gydF4y2Babr>1.23<gydF4y2Babr>1.02<gydF4y2Babr>0.76<gydF4y2Babr>0.33<gydF4y2Babr>2.45<gydF4y2Babr>1.89</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">14.59<gydF4y2Babr>7.34<gydF4y2Babr>11.04<gydF4y2Babr>2.10<gydF4y2Babr>0<gydF4y2Babr>14.12<gydF4y2Babr>23.19<gydF4y2Babr>4.99<gydF4y2Babr>0.96<gydF4y2Babr>11.51</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">8.95<gydF4y2Babr>12.41<gydF4y2Babr>7.56<gydF4y2Babr>8.72<gydF4y2Babr>9.99<gydF4y2Babr>13.24<gydF4y2Babr>12.76<gydF4y2Babr>9.06<gydF4y2Babr>11.63<gydF4y2Babr>7.66</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" colspan="16"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">平均</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center">14.63</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">349.73</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">2.47</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">194.88</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">26.25</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">457.44</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">7.49</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">4.27</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">2.16</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.99</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">8.98</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">10.20</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" colspan="16"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">One hundred.<gydF4y2Babr></td> <td align="center">TRP-S100-R1<gydF4y2Babr>TRP-S100-R2<gydF4y2Babr>TRP-S100-R3<gydF4y2Babr>TRP-S100-R4<gydF4y2Babr>TRP-S100-R5<gydF4y2Babr>TRP-S100-R6<gydF4y2Babr>TRP-S100-R7<gydF4y2Babr>TRP-S100-R8<gydF4y2Babr>TRP-S100-R9<gydF4y2Babr>TRP-S100-R10</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">4<gydF4y2Babr>4<gydF4y2Babr>4<gydF4y2Babr>5<gydF4y2Babr>4<gydF4y2Babr>4<gydF4y2Babr>4<gydF4y2Babr>3<gydF4y2Babr>3<gydF4y2Babr>3</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">9301年<gydF4y2Babr>9086年<gydF4y2Babr>9495年<gydF4y2Babr>11773年<gydF4y2Babr>8889年<gydF4y2Babr>9680年<gydF4y2Babr>8860年<gydF4y2Babr>6914年<gydF4y2Babr>7213年<gydF4y2Babr>8111年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">13.39<gydF4y2Babr>18.73<gydF4y2Babr>16.38<gydF4y2Babr>3.51<gydF4y2Babr>35.50<gydF4y2Babr>13.03<gydF4y2Babr>11.35<gydF4y2Babr>19.00<gydF4y2Babr>22.69<gydF4y2Babr>26.71</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">416.56<gydF4y2Babr>399.41<gydF4y2Babr>345.28<gydF4y2Babr>476.09<gydF4y2Babr>500年<gydF4y2Babr>500年<gydF4y2Babr>500年<gydF4y2Babr>500年<gydF4y2Babr>500年<gydF4y2Babr>500年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0<gydF4y2Babr>0<gydF4y2Babr>0<gydF4y2Babr>0<gydF4y2Babr>31.52<gydF4y2Babr>3.15<gydF4y2Babr>8.71<gydF4y2Babr>5.7<gydF4y2Babr>1.58<gydF4y2Babr>13.23</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">166.23<gydF4y2Babr>97.64<gydF4y2Babr>171.30<gydF4y2Babr>500年<gydF4y2Babr>500年<gydF4y2Babr>500年<gydF4y2Babr>500年<gydF4y2Babr>500年<gydF4y2Babr>500年<gydF4y2Babr>500年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">19.29<gydF4y2Babr>33.2<gydF4y2Babr>36.52<gydF4y2Babr>9.11<gydF4y2Babr>38.16<gydF4y2Babr>32.04<gydF4y2Babr>13.02<gydF4y2Babr>32.13<gydF4y2Babr>40.44<gydF4y2Babr>34.65</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">500年<gydF4y2Babr>500年<gydF4y2Babr>500年<gydF4y2Babr>500年<gydF4y2Babr>500年<gydF4y2Babr>500年<gydF4y2Babr>500年<gydF4y2Babr>500年<gydF4y2Babr>500年<gydF4y2Babr>500年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">10.33<gydF4y2Babr>8.04<gydF4y2Babr>2.17<gydF4y2Babr>5.15<gydF4y2Babr>13.49<gydF4y2Babr>3.03<gydF4y2Babr>9.67<gydF4y2Babr>15.01<gydF4y2Babr>20.79<gydF4y2Babr>22.07</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">33.34<gydF4y2Babr>42.97<gydF4y2Babr>35.78<gydF4y2Babr>56.03<gydF4y2Babr>43.11<gydF4y2Babr>37.98<gydF4y2Babr>49.67<gydF4y2Babr>51.12<gydF4y2Babr>44.46<gydF4y2Babr>39.57</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0<gydF4y2Babr>0<gydF4y2Babr>0<gydF4y2Babr>0<gydF4y2Babr>3.24<gydF4y2Babr>3.13<gydF4y2Babr>7.62<gydF4y2Babr>0.99<gydF4y2Babr>0.76<gydF4y2Babr>3.41</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">16.23<gydF4y2Babr>22.67<gydF4y2Babr>18.91<gydF4y2Babr>27.33<gydF4y2Babr>29.01<gydF4y2Babr>19.76<gydF4y2Babr>32.19<gydF4y2Babr>33.56<gydF4y2Babr>39.66<gydF4y2Babr>16.96</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">17.9<gydF4y2Babr>16.21<gydF4y2Babr>14.33<gydF4y2Babr>3.65<gydF4y2Babr>20.71<gydF4y2Babr>9.47<gydF4y2Babr>3.92<gydF4y2Babr>27.49<gydF4y2Babr>18.98<gydF4y2Babr>24.11</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">103.13<gydF4y2Babr>79.17<gydF4y2Babr>145.22<gydF4y2Babr>183.93<gydF4y2Babr>95.18<gydF4y2Babr>105.62<gydF4y2Babr>186.91<gydF4y2Babr>234.77<gydF4y2Babr>218.39<gydF4y2Babr>399.89</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" colspan="16"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">平均</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center">18.03</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">463.73</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">6.39</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">393.52</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">28.86</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">500年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">10.98</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">43.40</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1.92</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">25.63</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">15.68</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">175.22</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" colspan="16"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">150年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">TRP-S150-R1<gydF4y2Babr>TRP-S150-R2<gydF4y2Babr>TRP-S150-R3<gydF4y2Babr>TRP-S150-R4<gydF4y2Babr>TRP-S150-R5<gydF4y2Babr>TRP-S150-R6<gydF4y2Babr>TRP-S150-R7<gydF4y2Babr>TRP-S150-R8<gydF4y2Babr>TRP-S150-R9<gydF4y2Babr>TRP-S150-R10</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">5<gydF4y2Babr>6<gydF4y2Babr>6<gydF4y2Babr>6<gydF4y2Babr>4<gydF4y2Babr>5<gydF4y2Babr>4<gydF4y2Babr>7<gydF4y2Babr>7<gydF4y2Babr>5</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">12055年<gydF4y2Babr>14885年<gydF4y2Babr>13823年<gydF4y2Babr>14282年<gydF4y2Babr>9626年<gydF4y2Babr>12113年<gydF4y2Babr>9976年<gydF4y2Babr>16982年<gydF4y2Babr>16763年<gydF4y2Babr>12366年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">20.57<gydF4y2Babr>8.27<gydF4y2Babr>17.23<gydF4y2Babr>12.28<gydF4y2Babr>29.26<gydF4y2Babr>24.16<gydF4y2Babr>41.05<gydF4y2Babr>7.17<gydF4y2Babr>8.96<gydF4y2Babr>18.01</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">500年<gydF4y2Babr>423.29<gydF4y2Babr>272.39<gydF4y2Babr>345.52<gydF4y2Babr>500年<gydF4y2Babr>500年<gydF4y2Babr>500年<gydF4y2Babr>348.14<gydF4y2Babr>361.39<gydF4y2Babr>500年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">7.08<gydF4y2Babr>0<gydF4y2Babr>0<gydF4y2Babr>0<gydF4y2Babr>20.02<gydF4y2Babr>7.65<gydF4y2Babr>34.19<gydF4y2Babr>0<gydF4y2Babr>0<gydF4y2Babr>2.88</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">500年<gydF4y2Babr>219.75<gydF4y2Babr>25.53<gydF4y2Babr>36.50<gydF4y2Babr>500年<gydF4y2Babr>500年<gydF4y2Babr>500年57.06<gydF4y2Babr>31.44<gydF4y2Babr>500年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">32.70<gydF4y2Babr>41.68<gydF4y2Babr>58.78<gydF4y2Babr>28.92<gydF4y2Babr>51.40<gydF4y2Babr>38.02<gydF4y2Babr>62.04<gydF4y2Babr>32.26<gydF4y2Babr>24.67<gydF4y2Babr>29.91</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">500年<gydF4y2Babr>500年<gydF4y2Babr>500年<gydF4y2Babr>500年<gydF4y2Babr>500年<gydF4y2Babr>500年<gydF4y2Babr>500年<gydF4y2Babr>500年<gydF4y2Babr>500年<gydF4y2Babr>500年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">14.22<gydF4y2Babr>5.21<gydF4y2Babr>11.13<gydF4y2Babr>6.08<gydF4y2Babr>12.61<gydF4y2Babr>12.462<gydF4y2Babr>2.78<gydF4y2Babr>3.99<gydF4y2Babr>4.89<gydF4y2Babr>9.17</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">99.03<gydF4y2Babr>101.11<gydF4y2Babr>84.56<gydF4y2Babr>89.95<gydF4y2Babr>143.10<gydF4y2Babr>105.02<gydF4y2Babr>146.31<gydF4y2Babr>223.90<gydF4y2Babr>117.06<gydF4y2Babr>389.89</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">7.08<gydF4y2Babr>0<gydF4y2Babr>0<gydF4y2Babr>0<gydF4y2Babr>12.4<gydF4y2Babr>7.65<gydF4y2Babr>13.32<gydF4y2Babr>0<gydF4y2Babr>0<gydF4y2Babr>2.88</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">76.44<gydF4y2Babr>93.23<gydF4y2Babr>108.02<gydF4y2Babr>66.88<gydF4y2Babr>87.50<gydF4y2Babr>99.10<gydF4y2Babr>109.11<gydF4y2Babr>120.32<gydF4y2Babr>59.34<gydF4y2Babr>140.08</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">13.34<gydF4y2Babr>1.52<gydF4y2Babr>21.38<gydF4y2Babr>7.12<gydF4y2Babr>19.05<gydF4y2Babr>14.34<gydF4y2Babr>11.44<gydF4y2Babr>7.06<gydF4y2Babr>15.61<gydF4y2Babr>10.31</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">203.52<gydF4y2Babr>189.01<gydF4y2Babr>500年<gydF4y2Babr>123.95<gydF4y2Babr>295.91<gydF4y2Babr>165.55<gydF4y2Babr>293.60<gydF4y2Babr>473.92<gydF4y2Babr>308.86<gydF4y2Babr>500年</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" colspan="16"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">平均</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center">18.70</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">425.07</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">7.18</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">287.03</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">40.04</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">500年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">9.04</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">149.99</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">4.33</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">96.00</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">13.42</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">305.43</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr class="table-tr"> <td colspan="16"> <hr class="tbody-hr"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">表7</gydF4y2Baspan> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/aor/2012/393890/tab7/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> 计算结果的两种解决方案的方法所生成的实例。</gydF4y2Badiv> </div> </div> <p>根据表,混合启发式表现出更好的性能,在CPU时间和差距,尤其是当问题的规模增加。这揭示了发达的启发式的强度问题。这里,报道差距最好的下界的计算发现通过最大化策略解决者最好的目标函数发现的启发式。此外,保持相同的质量,甚至在许多情况下差距,较低的混合启发式很少达到上限为实例计算时间与100年和150年医院、混合整数规划制定在很多情况下达到这个上限。注意,根据表、模型Flow-SP很强的实例50医院,它的性能很好,其平均差距是低于15%。但由于问题的复杂性,仍然50医院的问题不可以解决的在合理的时间。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba发达hybrid-heuristic表现很好,其性能和跟踪,我们发现实现抓住一直是一个很好的初始化。还强大的社区VNS meta-heuristic加上SA算法放大这种性能导致很快接近最优解。</p><gydF4y2Bah5 id="sec5.2">5.2。真正的数据集:一个案例研究在德黑兰,伊朗</gydF4y2Bah5> <p>在这里,部分的方法<一个href="#sec3">3</一个>应用于一个真正的血液分布问题,有经验的作者。在这项研究中,24医院被认为是在德黑兰,伊朗的首都。一般,在德黑兰一个输血仓库物资的要求所有医院,每个医院的方式将其车辆交付需求。本研究的数据包括了旅行的距离达到每个医院,每个医院的日常需求(血液制品)、车辆、允许的最大行驶距离和车辆的能力。注意,当考虑到旅行每辆车的成本,我们的旅行距离相反,通常是通过考虑旅行的近似成本每公里。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba公里的旅行距离,在附录中给出。为了简单起见,我们假定表是对称的。提取的距离由谷歌谷歌的地图服务。通常,该服务提供了许多路线每两个点之间,其中我们选择最短的一个。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba我们被限制为公共领域提供医院的日常需求。对于车辆的能力,我们将每车600单位的血液制品,虽然不同的车辆可能持有不同的能力。在一个标准的车辆,在实践中是很常见的,允许的最大行驶距离车辆到达之前的能力。因此,从实用的角度来看,可能不影响最后的决定的能力。值得一提的是,允许的最大行驶距离不同,不同数量的车辆被录用。事实上,所有医院的要求应该满足,这应该设置上限旅行距离,所有的要求得到满足。允许的最大行驶距离的招聘不同数量的车辆如表所示<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/aor/2012/393890/tab8/" target="_blank">8</一个>。除了只有一个车辆的情况下,表的数据反映了几家医院的关注。</p><gydF4y2Badiv class="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="tab8"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-tab8"> <table class="table-group" id="tab8"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <table class="table"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="2"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr class="thead"> <td align="left">数量的车辆(年代)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">最大允许旅行距离</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="2"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">1</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">220公里</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">2</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">120公里</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">3</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">80公里</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr class="table-tr"> <td colspan="2"> <hr class="tbody-hr"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">表8</gydF4y2Baspan> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/aor/2012/393890/tab8/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> 限制车辆的行驶距离。</gydF4y2Badiv> </div> </div> <p>根据医院的数量被认为是在这项研究中,预计最多三个车可以满足所有医院的要求。的路线,由招聘不同数量的车辆,在数据描述<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/aor/2012/393890/fig3/" target="_blank">3</一个>,<gydF4y2Ba一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/aor/2012/393890/fig4/" target="_blank">4</一个>,<gydF4y2Ba一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/aor/2012/393890/fig5/" target="_blank">5</一个>。表<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/aor/2012/393890/tab9/" target="_blank">9</一个>阐述了更多的结果。</p><gydF4y2Badiv class="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="tab9"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-tab9"> <table class="table-group" id="tab9"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <table class="table"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="11"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr class="thead"> <td align="left">数量的车辆(路线)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center" colspan="3">车没有。1</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center" colspan="3">车没有。2</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center" colspan="3">车没有。3</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr class="thead"> <td align="left"></td> <td align="center">车辆成本*</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">OFV</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">和说。<gydF4y2Babr>(公里)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">和时间(小时:分钟)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">OFV</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">和说。<gydF4y2Babr>(公里)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">和时间(小时:分钟)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">OFV</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">和说。<gydF4y2Babr>(公里)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">和时间(小时:分钟)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="11"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">1</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">304.75</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">922.314 * *</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">135.4</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">03:42</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">- - - - - -</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">- - - - - -</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">- - - - - -</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">- - - - - -</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">- - - - - -</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">- - - - - -</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">2</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">404.75</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">386.36</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">103年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">02:22</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">331.15</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">92.8</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">02:40</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">- - - - - -</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">- - - - - -</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">- - - - - -</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">3</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">504.75</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">192.10</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">89.9</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">02:24</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">235.7</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">63.2</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">01:53</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">206.5</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">45.7</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">01:25</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr class="table-tr"> <td colspan="11"> <hr class="tbody-hr"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> <tr class="table-fn"> <td> <svg height="11.525" id="M147" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 6.4749999 11.525" width="6.4749999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.525)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.78)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,67.83)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ˆ-</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>每辆车的成本被认为是100年。<gydF4y2Babr>* *最大化策略是手动一小时后停止运行;报道的差距是10.7%。<gydF4y2Babr></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">表9</gydF4y2Baspan> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/aor/2012/393890/tab9/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> 实验结果的解决血液产品销售问题24医院。</gydF4y2Badiv> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig3"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig3"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="393890.fig.003" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/aor/volume-2012/393890/figures/393890.fig.003.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图3</gydF4y2Baspan> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/aor/2012/393890/fig3/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> 最好的交货单发现当雇佣一个车。注意,从位置Y,车辆必须回到它的起源,一个。</gydF4y2Batable> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig4"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig4"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(a)最佳车辆交付订单1:{0、4、7、8,24岁,3、6、2、1,23日,10日,5日,0}”n一个米e=”39389年0。fig.004a" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/aor/volume-2012/393890/figures/393890.fig.004a.jpg"> <br> <strong>(a)最佳车辆交付订单1:{0、4、7、8,24岁,3、6、2、1,23日,10日,5日,0}</gydF4y2Bastrong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(b)的最优交货单车辆2:{0,14日,17日,9日,19日,13日,15日,12日,22日,11日,20日,16日,21日,18日,6日,0}”n一个米e=”39389年0。fig.004b" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/aor/volume-2012/393890/figures/393890.fig.004b.jpg"> <br> <strong>(b)的最优交货单车辆2:{0,14日,17日,9日,19日,13日,15日,12日,22日,11日,20日,16日,21日,18日,6日,0}</gydF4y2Bastrong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs fig-thumbs-fig4"> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(a) Optimal delivery order of vehicle 1: {0,4,7,8,24,3,6,2,1,23,10,5,0}"><img alt="(a)最佳车辆交付订单1:{0、4、7、8,24岁,3、6、2、1,23日,10日,5日,0}”n一个米e=”39389年0。fig.004a" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/aor/volume-2012/393890/figures/393890.fig.004a.jpg"><br><strong>(a)最佳车辆交付订单1:{0、4、7、8,24岁,3、6、2、1,23日,10日,5日,0}</gydF4y2Bastrong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(b) Optimal delivery order of vehicle 2: {0,14,17,9,19,13,15,12,22,11,20,16,21,18,6,0}"><img alt="(b)的最优交货单车辆2:{0,14日,17日,9日,19日,13日,15日,12日,22日,11日,20日,16日,21日,18日,6日,0}”n一个米e=”39389年0。fig.004b" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/aor/volume-2012/393890/figures/393890.fig.004b.jpg"><br><strong>(b)的最优交货单车辆2:{0,14日,17日,9日,19日,13日,15日,12日,22日,11日,20日,16日,21日,18日,6日,0}</gydF4y2Bastrong></button> </div> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev fig-nav-fig4"> <button class="carousel-prev" aria-label="Previous"></button> <button class="carousel-next" aria-label="Next"></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图4</gydF4y2Baspan> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/aor/2012/393890/fig4/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> 最优交货订单招聘两辆车时,车辆(a) 1, (b)车辆2。</gydF4y2Batable> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig5"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig5"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(a)最佳车辆交付订单1:{0、2、6、24日23日5 0}”n一个米e=”39389年0。fig.005a" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/aor/volume-2012/393890/figures/393890.fig.005a.jpg"> <br> <strong>(a)最佳车辆交付订单1:{0、2、6、24日23日5 0}</gydF4y2Bastrong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(b)的最优交货单车辆2:{0,17日,16日,21日,19日,18日,22日,24日,20岁,0}”n一个米e=”39389年0。fig.005b" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/aor/volume-2012/393890/figures/393890.fig.005b.jpg"> <br> <strong>(b)的最优交货单车辆2:{0,17日,16日,21日,19日,18日,22日,24日,20岁,0}</gydF4y2Bastrong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(c)的最优交货单车辆3:{0,14日,4、9、13、15日7日12日8日3,10,11,0}”n一个米e=”39389年0。fig.005c" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/aor/volume-2012/393890/figures/393890.fig.005c.jpg"> <br> <strong>(c)的最优交货单车辆3:{0,14日,4、9、13、15日7日12日8日3,10,11,0}</gydF4y2Bastrong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs fig-thumbs-fig5"> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(a) Optimal delivery order of vehicle 1: {0,2,6,24,23,5,0}"><img alt="(a)最佳车辆交付订单1:{0、2、6、24日23日5 0}”n一个米e=”39389年0。fig.005a" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/aor/volume-2012/393890/figures/393890.fig.005a.jpg"><br><strong>(a)最佳车辆交付订单1:{0、2、6、24日23日5 0}</gydF4y2Bastrong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(b) Optimal delivery order of vehicle 2: {0,17,16,21,19,18,22,24,20,0}"><img alt="(b)的最优交货单车辆2:{0,17日,16日,21日,19日,18日,22日,24日,20岁,0}”n一个米e=”39389年0。fig.005b" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/aor/volume-2012/393890/figures/393890.fig.005b.jpg"><br><strong>(b)的最优交货单车辆2:{0,17日,16日,21日,19日,18日,22日,24日,20岁,0}</gydF4y2Bastrong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(c) Optimal delivery order of vehicle 3: {0,14,4,9,13,15,7,12,8,3,10,11,0}"><img alt="(c)的最优交货单车辆3:{0,14日,4、9、13、15日7日12日8日3,10,11,0}”n一个米e=”39389年0。fig.005c" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/aor/volume-2012/393890/figures/393890.fig.005c.jpg"><br><strong>(c)的最优交货单车辆3:{0,14日,4、9、13、15日7日12日8日3,10,11,0}</gydF4y2Bastrong></button> </div> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev fig-nav-fig5"> <button class="carousel-prev" aria-label="Previous"></button> <button class="carousel-next" aria-label="Next"></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图5</gydF4y2Baspan> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/aor/2012/393890/fig5/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> 最优交货订单当雇佣三个车辆,车辆(a) 1,汽车2 (b)和(c)车辆3。</gydF4y2Batable> </div> </div> </div> <p>在表中,第一列显示汽车的数量雇佣供应需求,第二列显示了子问题的目标函数的部分<一个href="#sec3.1">3所示。1</一个>。其余为每辆车列相同的解释为目标函数的TRP(列OFV),总距离乘坐车辆公里(列和。分离),车辆的总旅行时间忽略了交货时间(列和。时间)。</p><gydF4y2Bah5 id="sec5.3">5.3。现状</gydF4y2Bah5> <p>目前,在德黑兰,每个医院维护自己的车辆交付需求。然而,一项调查由作者透露,这辆车不是适当的适合这个目的,这可能会影响服务的质量。这个场景(场景2)的缺点是遵循。<gydF4y2Baspan class="list"><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label">(我)</gydF4y2Baspan><span class="list-content">中央输血的德黑兰分配血液制品所有医院位于一个非常拥挤的城市的一部分,那里的交通是有限的。此外,只有少数医院雇佣车辆分配给血液制品,作为急救车辆,也允许自由进入这个领域。等医院不雇佣车辆,最合适的工具将出租车。尽管如此,出租车被允许进入这一领域时,他们不认为是紧急车辆。因此,在发生事故的情况下,交通阻塞,或任何其他类似的情况下,他们最终会在延迟,甚至几个小时,一个非官方的报告由一个医院。</gydF4y2Baspan></span><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label">(2)</gydF4y2Baspan><span class="list-content">当医院雇佣出租车,显然,车辆没有专门为血液制品销售的目的。此外,司机还没有关于任何特殊训练条件,保持和运输血液制品(例如,适当的温度)。</gydF4y2Baspan></span><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label">(3)</gydF4y2Baspan><span class="list-content">人类的错误可能会让情况更糟。例如,司机不能区分不同的血液制品,这可能导致错误的交付。</gydF4y2Baspan></span></span></p> <p>除了这些缺点,这个场景带来更高的成本相比情况具体车辆被送到医院输血得宝(场景1,参见部分<一个href="#sec2">2</一个>)。为此,表<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/aor/2012/393890/tab10/" target="_blank">10</一个>说明了相关费用。</p><gydF4y2Badiv class="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="tab10"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-tab10"> <table class="table-group" id="tab10"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <table class="table"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="2"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr class="thead"> <td align="left">医院</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">成本(公里)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="2"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">Taleghani</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">22.66</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">Modarres</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">20.24</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">Motahhari</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">15.18</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">Sherkat-e-Naft</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">8.14</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">Lavasani博士</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">53.46</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">Erfan</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">31.9</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">Kasra</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">13.42</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">Khatam-ol-Anbiya</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">21.12</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">阿拉德</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">8.58</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">Mofid</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">28.38</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">Atiyeh</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">30.36</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">戴伊</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">14.96</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">譬喻</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">6.6</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">Ariya</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1.87</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">Asiya</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">10.56</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">Ashrafi Esfahani</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">15.62</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">尔伯兹</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">2.64</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">Al-Ghadir</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">31.46</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">Iranshahr</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">8.58</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">Rasol Akram</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">15.4</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">阿克巴Abadi</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">25.08</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">Moheb</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">17.6</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">Milad</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">22.44</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">Vali-e-Asr</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">24.2</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr class="table-tr"> <td colspan="2"> <hr class="tbody-hr"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">表10</gydF4y2Baspan> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/aor/2012/393890/tab10/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> 每个医院保持其成本的要求。</gydF4y2Badiv> </div> </div> <p>表的成本计算了两次的旅行距离公里+ 10%的成本,对于延迟交付。如表所示,总成本是450.45(公里)。解释这所有车辆的总旅行时间,成本表<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/aor/2012/393890/tab10/" target="_blank">10</一个>显示了场景1的优势。注意,这里的成本结构也发生了变化。场景1中输血得宝涵盖的成本交付,而在场景2医院支付费用,这样每个医院覆盖自己的。此外,场景1改善血液制品的分布在几个方面。<gydF4y2Baspan class="list"><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label">(我)</gydF4y2Baspan><span class="list-content">总流程时间和运输成本最小化,血液制品分布问题建模为旅行修理工问题的目标是最小化总等待时间的服务交付。</gydF4y2Baspan></span><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label">(2)</gydF4y2Baspan><span class="list-content">运输延迟最小化。这是获得专用车辆分配分配的血液制品,这是紧急车辆,立交桥交通限制。</gydF4y2Baspan></span><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label">(3)</gydF4y2Baspan><span class="list-content">保持最高水平的服务质量而场景2。这是因为车辆高度装备和训练有素的员工。显然,这可以减少错误的交付和提高准时交货,最重要的是“命令”。</gydF4y2Baspan></span></span></p> <p>结果显示(表<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/aor/2012/393890/tab9/" target="_blank">9</一个>和<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/aor/2012/393890/tab10/" target="_blank">10</一个>),较低的旅行时间(相当于旅行距离)是达到使用场景1。因此,它不是很远,如果我们国家场景1优于场景2。最后,考虑到这两个技术难题,它比成本更重要(如问题涉及人类生活),以及成本,场景1优于场景2。这确实是非常重要的,因为一个真正的规模问题,像德黑兰城市,巨大的改进。(考虑到私人部门和公立医院,目前德黑兰拥有大约150家医院。还要注意,我们已经解决了随机大小150家医院的实例在合理的时间内,见下表<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/aor/2012/393890/tab7/" target="_blank">7</一个>。)</p><p>gydF4y2Ba它值得添加目前作者谈判与伊朗卫生部设计血液制品在德黑兰的分销网络。这不仅需要软件基础设施,而且硬件的,最重要的是,装备齐全的车辆和训练有素的员工。在这里,我们认为解决这个问题不应该是一个问题,虽然适当的数据访问。</p><gydF4y2Bah4 id="conclusion">6。结论</gydF4y2Bah4> <p>在本文中,我们提出了一个新的应用程序在医疗操作的研究。问题是找到最优路线当分发血液制品等医院,医院要求他们的总等待时间最小化。我们研究了一个真正的血液分布问题24医院在哪里可以服务最大的三个汽车。建议的解决方案的方法是一个混合整数规划模型和混合启发式。计算实验显示确切的方法找到最优解的效率对于真实的情况。为了提供高质量的解决方案更大的情况下,一些随机的实例包含150医院和10车辆生成。开发混合启发式的性能在这些实例是有前途的,在短时间内和算法解决方案报告(这些问题几乎平均3分钟)。提出制定和解决方案方法提供依据其他家庭医疗保健问题和应用程序。目前,作者正在研究这些问题和应用程序。</p><h4 id="appendix">附录</gydF4y2Bah4> <p>更多细节见表<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/aor/2012/393890/tab11/" target="_blank">11</一个>。</p><gydF4y2Badiv class="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="tab11"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-tab11"> <table class="table-group" id="tab11"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <table class="table"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="26"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr class="thead"> <td align="left"></td> <td align="center">0</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">2</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">4</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">5</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">6</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">7</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">8</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">9</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">10</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">11</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">12</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">13</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">14</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">15</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">16</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">17</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">18</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">19</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">20.</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">21</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">22</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">23</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">24</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="26"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">0</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">10.3</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">9.2</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">6.9</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3所示。7</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">24.3</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">14.5</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">6.1</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">9.6</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3所示。9</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">12.9</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">13.8</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">6.8</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.85</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">4所示。8</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">7.1</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1。2</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">14.3</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3所示。9</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">7</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">11.4</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">8</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">10.2</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">11</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">1</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center">0</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">6.8</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">7.8</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">16.9</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">31日</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">7.2</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">10.1</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">7.6</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">14</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">10.2</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">7.3</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">9.3</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">13.5</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">14.4</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">10.8</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">19.5</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">14.8</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">17.4</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">13.7</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">12.3</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">21.5</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">6.6</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">8.6</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">6.3</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">2</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center">0</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">9.9</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">15.1</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">34.4</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">2</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">13.4</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">9</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">17.4</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">11.8</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3所示。9</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">9.5</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">16.8</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">12.5</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">14.2</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">17.6</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">13</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">20.7</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">17</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">13.4</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">21.6</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">6.7</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">11.5</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">6.4</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">3</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center">0</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">12.4</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">23.6</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">6.4</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">4所示。8</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.35</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">10.3</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">5.1</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">8</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">4所示。1</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">9.7</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">9.8</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">5.8</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">18.9</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">10.6</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">13.6</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">10.1</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">11.8</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">14.5</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1。4</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">5.9</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.4</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">4</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center">0</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">20.</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">17.7</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">6.6</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">12</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3所示。3</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">12.3</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">15.2</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">7.4</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">2.9</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3所示。7</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">5.3</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3所示。9</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">2.9</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">14.8</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3所示。8</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">8.4</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">4所示。7</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">9</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">11.6</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">12</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">5</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center">0</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">31.9</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">28.3</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">25.7</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">16.8</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">23.7</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">32.8</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">27.5</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">31.7</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">33.2</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">29日</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">27.5</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">19.5</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">13.4</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">16.9</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">37</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">21.2</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">20.9</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">24.2</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">23.2</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">6</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center">0</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">14.6</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">10.2</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">18.6</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">13</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3所示。4</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">10.1</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">18</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">13.1</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">15.3</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">18.2</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">13.6</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">21.9</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">18.2</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">14</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">22.8</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">7.1</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">9</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">6.8</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">7</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center">0</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">4所示。1</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">5</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">5.5</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">9.1</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1。4</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">4所示。4</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">5</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1。1</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">9.7</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">5.6</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">8.9</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">4所示。7</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">11.2</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">9</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">2.8</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">5.8</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">4所示。3</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">8</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center">0</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">9.9</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">4所示。8</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">8.3</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3所示。8</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">9.4</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">10.1</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">5.5</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">19.2</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">10.9</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">13.3</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">9.6</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">12.1</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">13.9</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">6.2</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.074</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">9</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center">0</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">7.6</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">12.7</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">6.2</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1。8</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3所示。9</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">4所示。1</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">6.7</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3所示。1</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">10.2</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.95</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">8.7</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">5.9</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">10</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">10.8</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">9.9</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">10</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center">0</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">10.8</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">6.2</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">9.1</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">10.7</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">6.4</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">15.4</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">11.2</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">13</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">9.3</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">12.9</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">13.9</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">4所示。2</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">9.2</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">4所示。7</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">11</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center">0</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">7.2</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">12.8</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">11.6</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">10.1</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">16.7</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">12</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">16.7</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">13</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">7.3</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">17.4</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">8.7</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">7.9</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">8.3</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">12</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center">0</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">7.1</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">8.5</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">2.6</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">11.2</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">9.2</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">9.6</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">7.4</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">10</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">11.7</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">2.2</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">4所示。6</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3所示。7</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">13</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center">0</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">2.6</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">2.4</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">7.3</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3所示。1</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">12</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">2</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">8.9</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">6.3</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">9.5</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">10.2</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">9.3</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">14</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center">0</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3所示。9</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">7.5</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">13.4</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">4</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">6.9</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">8.3</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">8.7</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">9</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">10.2</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">15</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center">0</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">8.6</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">4所示。5</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">9.6</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3所示。6</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">11.9</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">8.2</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3所示。9</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">7.6</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">5.4</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">16</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center">0</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">5.1</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">18.3</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">7.8</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">10.3</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">19.6</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">14.1</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">19.3</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">17</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center">0</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">14.2</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3所示。7</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">5.8</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">8</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">9.4</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">9.5</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">11</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">18</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center">0</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">9.8</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">19.7</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">13.8</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">10.9</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">14.1</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">13.2</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">19</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center">0</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">9.4</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">5.4</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">9.7</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">10.5</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">9.5</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">20.</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center">0</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">12.7</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">12.5</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">7</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">12.1</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">21</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center">0</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">14</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">14.8</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">13.9</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">22</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center">0</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">5.6</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">2.3</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">23</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center">0</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">9</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">24</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center">0</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr class="table-tr"> <td colspan="26"> <hr class="tbody-hr"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">表11</gydF4y2Baspan> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/aor/2012/393890/tab11/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> 对称的旅行距离矩阵24医院的例子。</gydF4y2Badiv> </div> </div> </div> <div class="xml-content"> <h4 class="references" id="references">引用</gydF4y2Bah4> <ol> <li id="B1">d . Delen m . Erraguntla r . j . Mayer和c n .吴”更好的血液管理供应链基于gis技术与分析”<我>《运筹学</我>,卷185,不。1,第193 - 181页,2011。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-009-0616-2">出版商的网站</一个><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Better%20management%20of%20blood%20supply-chain%20with%20GIS-based%20analytics&author=D. Delen&author=M. Erraguntla&author=R. J. Mayer&author=&author=C. N. Wu&publication_year=2011" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li> <li id="B2">j·查普曼和j·麦克弗森”,释放有效血液库存管理的必需品。”<我>输血</我>卷,47号2、190 - 196年,2007页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1537-2995.2007.01384.x">出版商的网站</一个><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Unlocking%20the%20essentials%20of%20effective%20blood%20inventory%20management&author=J. Chapman &author=J. MacPherson&publication_year=2007" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li> <li id="B3">大肠Brodheim和g . p . Prastacos“长岛血液分布系统作为区域血液管理原型,“<我>接口</我>,9卷,不。5、3、1979页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://doi.org/10.1287/inte.9.5.3">出版商的网站</一个><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=The%20Long%20Island%20blood%20distribution%20system%20as%20a%20prototype%20for%20regional%20blood%20management&author=E. Brodheim &author=G. P. Prastacos&publication_year=1979" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li> <li id="B4">g . p . Prastacos“血液库存管理:理论与实践的概述,“<我>管理科学</我>,30卷,不。7,777 - 800年,1984页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.30.7.777">出版商的网站</一个><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Blood%20inventory%20management:%20an%20overview%20of%20theory%20and%20practice&author=G. P. Prastacos&publication_year=1984" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://www.zentralblatt-math.org/zmath/en/advanced/?q=an%3A0547.90026">Zentralblatt数学</一个></span></li> <li id="B5">c . Sapountzis”分配血液从中央医院血库,”<我>欧洲运筹学杂志》上</我>,16卷,不。2、157 - 162年,1984页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-2217(84)90070-5">出版商的网站</一个><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Allocating%20blood%20to%20hospitals%20from%20a%20central%20blood%20bank&author=C. Sapountzis&publication_year=1984" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li> <li id="B6">s . l .森那美”,加强服务连续输血供应商与供应商之间:增强血液服务网络,“<我>输血</我>,45卷,不。4、206 - 223年,2005页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1537-2995.2005.00620.x">出版商的网站</一个><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Strengthening%20the%20service%20continuum%20between%20transfusion%20providers%20and%20suppliers:%20enhancing%20the%20blood%20services%20network&author=S. L. Sime&publication_year=2005" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li> <li id="B7">j·s·Rytila和k . m .口头使用模拟在血液的供应链,提高效率”<我>管理研究新闻</我>卷,29号12日,第819 - 801页,2006年。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://doi.org/10.1108/01409170610717826">出版商的网站</一个><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Using%20simulation%20to%20increase%20efficiency%20in%20blood%20supply%20chains&author=J. S. Rytila &author=K. M. Spens&publication_year=2006" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li> <li id="B8">k . Katsaliaki“血液中具有成本效益的实践服务行业,”<我>卫生政策</我>,卷86,不。2 - 3、276 - 287年,2008页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2007.11.004">出版商的网站</一个><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Cost-effective%20practices%20in%20the%20blood%20service%20sector&author=K. Katsaliaki&publication_year=2008" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li> <li id="B9">k . Katsaliaki和s . c . Brailsford”,利用仿真改善血液供给链”,<我>运筹学学会》杂志上</我>,卷。58岁的没有。2、219 - 227年,2007页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jors.2602195">出版商的网站</一个><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Using%20simulation%20to%20improve%20the%20blood%20supply%20chain&author=K. Katsaliaki &author=S. C. Brailsford&publication_year=2007" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://www.zentralblatt-math.org/zmath/en/advanced/?q=an%3A1140.90449">Zentralblatt数学</一个></span></li> <li id="B10">诉Hemmelmayr k . f . Doerner r·f·哈特尔和m . w . p . Savelsbergh“交付血液制品供应策略,”<我>或频谱</我>没有,卷。31日。4、707 - 725年,2009页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00291-008-0134-7">出版商的网站</一个><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Delivery%20strategies%20for%20blood%20products%20supplies&author=V. Hemmelmayr&author=K. F. Doerner&author=R. F. Hartl&author=&author=M. W. P. Savelsbergh&publication_year=2009" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://www.zentralblatt-math.org/zmath/en/advanced/?q=an%3A1175.90273">Zentralblatt数学</一个></span></li> <li id="B11">联合国“政府改造”和j·p·苏萨,”支持策略的定义的配置医疗供应链,”<我>米ethoden, Logistik管理和集成</我>美国Voß,j . Pahl和美国南部,Eds。施普林格,2009年。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Supporting%20the%20definition%20of%20strategies%20for%20the%20configuration%20of%20health%20care%20supply%20chains&author=N. Rego &author=J. P. Sousa&publication_year=2009" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li> <li id="B12">美国萨尼,t·冈萨雷斯。”<米一个th id="M148" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mrow> <mi> P</米我></米row> </math>推进近似问题。”<我>计算机协会的杂志上</我>,23卷,不。3、555 - 565年,1976页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://doi.org/10.1145/321958.321975">出版商的网站</一个><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=P-complete%20approximation%20problems&author=S. Sahni &author=T. Gonzalez&publication_year=1976" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://www.zentralblatt-math.org/zmath/en/advanced/?q=an%3A0348.90152">Zentralblatt数学</一个></span></li> <li id="B13">l·比安科a Mingozzi, s . Ricciardelli“货郎担问题的累计成本,”<我>网络</我>,23卷,不。2、81 - 91年,1993页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://doi.org/10.1002/net.3230230202">出版商的网站</一个><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=The%20traveling%20salesman%20problem%20with%20cumulative%20costs&author=L. Bianco&author=A. Mingozzi&author=&author=S. Ricciardelli&publication_year=1993" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://www.zentralblatt-math.org/zmath/en/advanced/?q=an%3A0821.90121">Zentralblatt数学</一个></span></li> <li id="B14">A . Salehipour和m . m . Sepehri“新混合整数规划定位工作站自动引导车辆系统,”<我>工作报告</我>工业工程系,Tarbiat Modares大学里,德黑兰,伊朗,2010。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=A%20new%20mixed-integer%20programming%20formulation%20for%20locating%20workstations%20in%20tandem%20automated%20guided%20vehicle%20systems&author=A. Salehipour &author=M. M. Sepehri&publication_year=2010" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li> <li id="B15">体能训练时m . Fischetti这样g .拉波特,圆形石堡,“送货员的问题,累积拟阵。”<我>运筹学</我>第41卷。。6,1055 - 1064年,1993页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.41.6.1055">出版商的网站</一个><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=The%20delivery%20man%20problem%20and%20cumulative%20matroids&author=M. Fischetti&author=G. Laporte&author=&author=S. Martello&publication_year=1993" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://www.zentralblatt-math.org/zmath/en/advanced/?q=an%3A0791.90062">Zentralblatt数学</一个></span></li> <li id="B16">e . Eijl“送货员的多面体方法问题。”<我>备忘录COSOT</我>95年年,埃因霍温科技大学,1995。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=A%20polyhedral%20approach%20to%20the%20delivery%20man%20problem&author=E. Eijl&publication_year=1995" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li> <li id="B17">j·f·m . Sarubbi和惠普l . Luna”流公式的最小延迟问题,”<我>国际网络优化研讨会论文集(INOC ' 07)</我>、Spa、比利时,2007年4月。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=A%20flow%20formulation%20for%20the%20minimum%20latency%20problem&author=J. F. M. Sarubbi &author=H. P. L. Luna" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li> <li id="B18">即Mendez-Diaz、p·扎巴拉和A·卢塞纳,胜选的“旅游送货人新配方问题,”<我>离散应用数学</我>,卷156,不。17日,第3237 - 3223页,2008年。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dam.2008.05.009">出版商的网站</一个><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=A%20new%20formulation%20for%20the%20traveling%20deliveryman%20problem&author=I. Mendez-Diaz&author=P. Zabala&author=&author=A. Lucena&publication_year=2008" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://www.zentralblatt-math.org/zmath/en/advanced/?q=an%3A1155.90471">Zentralblatt数学</一个></span></li> <li id="B19">d . Simchi-Levi o·伯曼:“减少n的总流程时间的工作网络,”<我>国际教育协会事务</我>,23卷,不。3、236 - 244年,1991页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://doi.org/10.1080/07408179108963858">出版商的网站</一个><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Minimizing%20the%20total%20flow%20time%20of%20n%20jobs%20on%20a%20network&author=D. Simchi-Levi &author=O. Berman&publication_year=1991" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li> <li id="B20">g . Ghiani g .拉波特,r . Musmanno<我>介绍物流系统规划和控制</我>威利,2004。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks"></span></li> <li id="B21">t . A . Feo说,m·g·c·Resende。”计算困难的概率启发式集合覆盖问题,“<我>行动研究快报</我>,8卷,不。2、67 - 71年,1989页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6377(89)90002-3">出版商的网站</一个><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=A%20probabilistic%20heuristic%20for%20a%20computationally%20difficult%20set%20covering%20problem&author=T. A. Feo &author=M. G. C. Resende&publication_year=1989" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://www.zentralblatt-math.org/zmath/en/advanced/?q=an%3A0675.90073">Zentralblatt数学</一个></span></li> <li id="B22">t . a . Feo说,m·g·c·Resende“贪婪随机自适应搜索过程,”<我>杂志的全局优化</我>》第六卷,没有。2、109 - 133年,1995页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01096763">出版商的网站</一个><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Greedy%20randomized%20adaptive%20search%20procedures&author=T. A. Feo &author=M. G. C. Resende&publication_year=1995" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://www.zentralblatt-math.org/zmath/en/advanced/?q=an%3A0822.90110">Zentralblatt数学</一个></span></li> <li id="B23">p·汉森和n . Mladenovic附近搜索”变量<我>p</gydF4y2Ba我>值”,<我>位置的科学</我>5卷,第226 - 207页,1997年。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0966-8349(98)00030-8">出版商的网站</一个><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Variable%20neighborhood%20search%20for%20the%20p-median&author=P. Hansen &author=N. Mladenovic&publication_year=1997" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://www.zentralblatt-math.org/zmath/en/advanced/?q=an%3A0928.90043">Zentralblatt数学</一个></span></li> <li id="B24">p·汉森和n . Mladenovic“介绍可变邻域搜索,”<我>米etaheuristics:进展和趋势在本地搜索模式优化</我>美国沃斯,圆形石堡,奥斯曼,和c . Roucairol, Eds。Kluwer学术,页433 - 458年,波士顿,质量,美国,1999年。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=An%20introduction%20to%20variable%20neighborhood%20search&author=P. Hansen &author=N. Mladenovic&publication_year=1999" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://www.zentralblatt-math.org/zmath/en/advanced/?q=an%3A0985.90095">Zentralblatt数学</一个></span></li> <li id="B25">p·汉森和n . Mladenovic”变量的工业应用社区搜索metaheuristic”<我>在管理科学决策和控制</我>Kluwer学术,页261 - 274年,波士顿,质量,美国,2001年。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Industrial%20applications%20of%20the%20variable%20neighborhood%20search%20metaheuristic&author=P. Hansen &author=N. Mladenovic&publication_year=2001" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li> <li id="B26">p·汉森和n . Mladenović“可变邻域搜索:原理及应用”,<我>欧洲运筹学杂志》上</我>,卷130,不。3、449 - 467年,2001页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-2217(00)00100-4">出版商的网站</一个><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Variable%20neighborhood%20search:%20principles%20and%20applications&author=P. Hansen &author=N. Mladenović&publication_year=2001" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://www.zentralblatt-math.org/zmath/en/advanced/?q=an%3A0981.90063">Zentralblatt数学</一个></span></li> <li id="B27">s .柯克帕特里克j . c, d . Gelatt, m . p . Vecchi“由模拟退火优化”<我>科学</我>,卷220,不。4598年,第680 - 671页,1983年。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.220.4598.671">出版商的网站</一个><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Optimization%20by%20simulated%20annealing&author=S. Kirkpatrick&author=J. C. D. Gelatt&author=&author=M. P. Vecchi&publication_year=1983" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://www.zentralblatt-math.org/zmath/en/advanced/?q=an%3A1225.90162">Zentralblatt数学</一个></span></li> <li id="B28">a . Salehipour p .美好的k·索伦森,o . Braysy“旅行修理工的问题”<我>学报的21年会上比利时运筹学学会(ORBEL 83)</我>、卢森堡、1983年1月。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.220.4598.671">出版商的网站</一个><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=The%20traveling%20repairman%20problem&author=A. Salehipour&author=P. Goos&author=K. Sorensen&author=&author=O. Braysy" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li> </ol> </div> <div class="xml-content"> <h4 class="copyright" id="copyright">版权</gydF4y2Bah4> <p>版权©2012 Amir Salehipour和默罕默德·迈赫迪Sepehri。这是一个开放的分布式下文章<一个rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/">知识共享归属许可</一个>,它允许无限制的使用、分配和复制在任何媒介,提供最初的工作是正确引用。</p></gydF4y2Badiv> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> <div class="biblio__Wrapper-sc-1nou1lz-0 eyHfWh journal_article__BiblioIntegratorWidget-sc-12fk6zy-5 dbAANp article_widget biblioWrapper hide"> <hr> <h4 class="biblio__H4-sc-1nou1lz-2 becpDt hrTitleRef">更多相关文章</gydF4y2Bah4> <div id="biblio_widget" class="biblio__BiblioWrapper-sc-1nou1lz-1 bvnCfh"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="threeColumn__RightWrapper-sc-1bf4078-2 jzTMLK rightWrapper" id="rightSectionMenu"> <div> <div class="journal_article__ArticleStickyTopToolbar-sc-12fk6zy-0 gbrQxi article_sticky_top_toolbar"> <div class="sc-cBdUnI hRnXob article_top_toolbar"> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-jtRfpW dIjoCg sc-exkUMo hymroZ pdf_desktop button__group" href="https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/aor/2012/393890.pdf" aria-label="" target="_blank" id="toolbar__dcNavSmall"><span><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl sc-kTUwUJ eujois" title="" role="presentation" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/next_assets/IQyEAurKlbWLJ7u7ASizn/_next/static/node_modules/hindawi-ui/src/icon/svg/pdf.svg" height="24"><span class="text">PDF</gydF4y2Baspan></span><span class="sc-htoDjs bqeMOy sc-dqBHgY cQgXqt fileArrow icon-colored _3P4iUn1NDM5G77nWCamJ4l icon-themeable" title="" font-size="20"></span></a> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-jtRfpW dIjoCg sc-kcDeIU cbcyj ref_desktop" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/aor/2012/393890.ris" aria-label="" target="" id="toolbar__dcNavLarge"><span><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl sc-kTUwUJ eujois" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHhtbG5zOnhsaW5rPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8xOTk5L3hsaW5rIiB3aWR0aD0iMTgiIGhlaWdodD0iMjIiIHZpZXdCb3g9IjAgMCAxOCAyMiI+PGRlZnM+PGNsaXBQYXRoIGlkPSJhIj48cGF0aCBkPSJNMywyMmEzLDMsMCwwLDEtMy0zVjNBMywzLDAsMCwxLDMsMGg4YS45OTEuOTkxLDAsMCwxLC41NzMuMTgxbDAsMCwuMDA4LjAwNmEuOTU1Ljk1NSwwLDAsMSwuMTIyLjFsNiw2YTEuMDI1LDEuMDI1LDAsMCwxLC4xLjEyMmwuMDA2LjAxLDAsMEExLDEsMCwwLDEsMTgsNi45NzVWMTlhMywzLDAsMCwxLTMsM1pNMiwzVjE5YTEsMSwwLDAsMCwxLDFIMTVhMSwxLDAsMCwwLDEtMVY4SDExYTEsMSwwLDAsMS0xLTFWMkgzQTEsMSwwLDAsMCwyLDNaTTEyLDZoMi41ODdMMTIsMy40MTRaTTUsMTdhMSwxLDAsMSwxLDAtMmg4YTEsMSwwLDEsMSwwLDJabTAtNGExLDEsMCwxLDEsMC0yaDhhMSwxLDAsMSwxLDAsMlpNNSw5QTEsMSwwLDEsMSw1LDdIN0ExLDEsMCwwLDEsNyw5WiIgdHJhbnNmb3JtPSJ0cmFuc2xhdGUoMyAxKSIvPjwvY2xpcFBhdGg+PC9kZWZzPjxnIHRyYW5zZm9ybT0idHJhbnNsYXRlKC0zIC0xKSI+PHBhdGggZD0iTTMsMjJhMywzLDAsMCwxLTMtM1YzQTMsMywwLDAsMSwzLDBoOGEuOTkxLjk5MSwwLDAsMSwuNTczLjE4MWwwLDAsLjAwOC4wMDZhLjk1NS45NTUsMCwwLDEsLjEyMi4xbDYsNmExLjAyNSwxLjAyNSwwLDAsMSwuMS4xMjJsLjAwNi4wMSwwLDBBMSwxLDAsMCwxLDE4LDYuOTc1VjE5YTMsMywwLDAsMS0zLDNaTTIsM1YxOWExLDEsMCwwLDAsMSwxSDE1YTEsMSwwLDAsMCwxLTFWOEgxMWExLDEsMCwwLDEtMS0xVjJIM0ExLDEsMCwwLDAsMiwzWk0xMiw2aDIuNTg3TDEyLDMuNDE0Wk01LDE3YTEsMSwwLDEsMSwwLTJoOGExLDEsMCwxLDEsMCwyWm0wLTRhMSwxLDAsMSwxLDAtMmg4YTEsMSwwLDEsMSwwLDJaTTUsOUExLDEsMCwxLDEsNSw3SDdBMSwxLDAsMCwxLDcsOVoiIHRyYW5zZm9ybT0idHJhbnNsYXRlKDMgMSkiLz48ZyBjbGlwLXBhdGg9InVybCgjYSkiPjxyZWN0IHdpZHRoPSIyNCIgaGVpZ2h0PSIyNCIgZmlsbD0icmdiYSgwLDAsMCwwKSIvPjxyZWN0IHdpZHRoPSIyNCIgaGVpZ2h0PSIyNCIvPjwvZz48L2c+PC9zdmc+" height="24"><span class="text">下载引用</gydF4y2Baspan></span><span class="sc-htoDjs bqeMOy sc-dqBHgY cQgXqt fileArrow icon-colored _3P4iUn1NDM5G77nWCamJ4l icon-themeable" title="" font-size="20"></span></a> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-jtRfpW dIjoCg sc-BngTV hmDWcT ref_desktop" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/aor/2012/393890.ris" aria-label="" target="" id="toolbar__dcNavSmall"><span><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl sc-kTUwUJ eujois" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="24"><span class="text">引用</gydF4y2Baspan></span><span class="sc-htoDjs bqeMOy sc-dqBHgY cQgXqt fileArrow icon-colored _3P4iUn1NDM5G77nWCamJ4l icon-themeable" title="" font-size="20"></span></a> </div> </div> <div class="journal_article__ArticleStickyBottomToolbar-sc-12fk6zy-1 isgRZA article_sticky_bottom_toolbar"> <div class="sc-cTjmhe ihmyEq article_bottom_toolbar"> <div class="sc-cugefK itFKcQ accordion" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8" id="toolbar__dofNav"> <span><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl sc-bfYoXt cGuwDn" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="24"><span class="sc-dRFtgE jrsDZP">下载其他格式</gydF4y2Baspan><span class="sc-gkFcWv gWTCXQ">更多的</gydF4y2Baspan></span> <span class="sc-htoDjs bMdQcY sc-gbOuXE jGPvPL icon-colored _1CwL9R82TPl2HxDleeYGDR icon-themeable" title="" font-size="11"></span> </div> <div class="sc-fnwBNb etzuBr"> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-iNhVCk gWgCNb open_panel" href="//www.newsama.com/downloads/journals/aor/2012/393890.epub" aria-label="ePub" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"> <div class="sc-eAKXzc WHkfb"> ePub</gydF4y2Badiv><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl sc-bfYoXt cGuwDn" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="24"></a> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-iNhVCk gWgCNb open_panel" href="//www.newsama.com/downloads/journals/aor/2012/393890.xml" aria-label="XML" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"> <div class="sc-eAKXzc WHkfb"> XML</gydF4y2Badiv><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl sc-bfYoXt cGuwDn" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="24"></a> </div> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-imABML ibWUzs" href="//www.newsama.com/reprints/393890/confirm" aria-label="Order Printed Copies" target="_blank" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8" id="toolbar__opcNav"><span><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl sc-bfYoXt cGuwDn" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="24"><span class="sc-dRFtgE jrsDZP">订单打印副本</gydF4y2Baspan><span class="sc-gkFcWv gWTCXQ">订单</gydF4y2Baspan></span><span class="sc-htoDjs kNoiZu sc-gbOuXE jGPvPL right__icon icon-colored _32KP5uexH-Bgs7Kj8Gk1Tz icon-themeable" title="" font-size="16"></span></a> <div class="sc-hBbWxd kdRRST"> <div class="sc-dyGzUR cHatnS"> <div> 的观点<gydF4y2Baspan>3025年</gydF4y2Baspan> </div> <div> 下载<gydF4y2Baspan>1154年</gydF4y2Baspan> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sc-drKuOJ kxdGAZ"> <span class="__dimensions_badge_embed__" data-doi="10.1155/2012/393890" data-style="small_circle"></span>引用</gydF4y2Badiv> </div> </div> <nav class="sc-bRBYWo fXBKFa sc-hUfwpO jHPgUP" id="toolbar__iconNav"> <h3 class="sc-Rmtcm hNPrIr">分享文章</gydF4y2Bah3> <ul class="sc-hzDkRC bnbfTS"> <li class="iconBorder"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link" href="https://twitter.com/share?url=https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/393890&via=Hindawi" aria-label="Sharing on Twitter" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl socialTwitter" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="24"></a></li> <li class="iconBorder"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link" href="https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle/?url=https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/393890" aria-label="Sharing on Linkedin" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl socialLinkedin" title="" role="presentation" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/next_assets/IQyEAurKlbWLJ7u7ASizn/_next/static/node_modules/hindawi-ui/src/icon/svg/socialLinkedin.svg" height="24"></a></li> <li class="iconBorder"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/393890" aria-label="Sharing on Facebook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl socialFacebook" title="" role="presentation" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/next_assets/IQyEAurKlbWLJ7u7ASizn/_next/static/node_modules/hindawi-ui/src/icon/svg/socialFacebook-HINDAWI.svg" height="24"></a></li> <li class="iconBorder"> <div class="wechat-container"> <img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl socialWechat" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="24"> <div class="addthis_inline_share_toolbox"></div> </div></li> <li><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link" href="mailto:?subject=Exact and Heuristic Solutions to Minimize Total Waiting Time in the Blood Products Distribution Problem&body=https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/393890" aria-label="Sharing on Mail" target="_blank"><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl socialMail" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="24"></a></li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="biblio__Wrapper-sc-1nou1lz-0 cBTaXT journal_article__BiblioIntegratorSidebar-sc-12fk6zy-4 cYsVdk biblioWrapperRight biblioWrapper hide"> <hr> <h4 class="biblio__H4-sc-1nou1lz-2 becpDt hrTitleRef">相关文章</gydF4y2Bah4> <div id="biblio_sidebar" class="biblio__BiblioWrapper-sc-1nou1lz-1 bvnCfh"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer class="sc-jKJlTe inBNwS"> <section class="sc-eNQAEJ dkutRV"> <div class="sc-bZQynM bNmdOy E_HUmlU2Hj3PpkDmWzKPd primary__footer footer__bodypadding"> <div class="sc-hMqMXs hlGpbO mobile"> 遵循我们:<n一个v role="navigation" class="sc-kkGfuU filPdg"> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-kEYyzF ecHxGW" href="https://twitter.com/hindawi" aria-label="Twitter" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje TsaZF" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="40"></a> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-kEYyzF ecHxGW" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/hindawilimited/" aria-label="LinkedIn" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje TsaZF" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="40"></a> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-kEYyzF ecHxGW" href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCDIK_O7FATPEkhad_sQVaSg" aria-label="Youtube" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje TsaZF" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="40"></a> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-kEYyzF ecHxGW" href="https://www.facebook.com/HindawiLimited/" aria-label="Facebook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje TsaZF" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="40"></a> </nav> </div> <nav class="E_HUmlU2Hj3PpkDmWzKPd _3wm8FgzqRuRWouJG31YgKx" role="navigation"> <ul class="_2k5c8zEhMT-84kRD4oDgAz _1SoDWGr_FVsil9klRfjnhb"> <li><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link about_us" href="//www.newsama.com/about/" aria-label="About us">关于我们</一个></li> <li><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link contact_us" href="//www.newsama.com/about/contact/" aria-label="Contact us">联系我们</一个></li> <li><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link partnerships" href="//www.newsama.com/publishing-partnerships/" aria-label="Partnerships">合作伙伴关系</一个></li> <li><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link blog" href="//www.newsama.com/blog/" aria-label="Blog">博客</一个></li> </ul> <ul class="_2k5c8zEhMT-84kRD4oDgAz _1SoDWGr_FVsil9klRfjnhb"> <li><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link journals" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/" aria-label="Journals">期刊</一个></li> <li><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link article_processing_charges" href="//www.newsama.com/publish-research/authors/article-processing-charges/" aria-label="Article Processing Charges">文章处理费用</一个></li> <li><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link print_editions" href="//www.newsama.com/print-editions/" aria-label="Print editions">印刷版</一个></li> </ul> <ul class="_2k5c8zEhMT-84kRD4oDgAz _1SoDWGr_FVsil9klRfjnhb"> <li><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link authors" href="//www.newsama.com/publish-research/authors/" aria-label="Authors">作者</一个></li> <li><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link editors" href="//www.newsama.com/publish-research/editors/" aria-label="Editors">编辑器</一个></li> <li><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link reviewers" href="//www.newsama.com/publish-research/reviewers/" aria-label="Reviewers">评论家</一个></li> </ul> <ul class="_2k5c8zEhMT-84kRD4oDgAz _1SoDWGr_FVsil9klRfjnhb"> <li><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link hindawi_xml_corpus" href="//www.newsama.com/hindawi-xml-corpus/" aria-label="Hindawi XML Corpus">雷电竞APP</a></li> <li><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link open_archives_initiative" href="//www.newsama.com/open-archives-initiative/" aria-label="Open Archives Initiative">开放档案计划</一个></li> <li><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link fraud_prevention" href="//www.newsama.com/preventing-and-protecting-against-fraud/" aria-label="Fraud prevention">欺诈防范</一个></li> </ul> </nav> <div class="sc-hMqMXs hlGpbO desktop"> 遵循我们:<n一个v role="navigation" class="sc-kkGfuU filPdg"> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-kEYyzF ecHxGW" href="https://twitter.com/hindawi" aria-label="Twitter" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje TsaZF" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="40"></a> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-kEYyzF ecHxGW" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/hindawilimited/" aria-label="LinkedIn" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje TsaZF" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="40"></a> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-kEYyzF ecHxGW" href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCDIK_O7FATPEkhad_sQVaSg" aria-label="Youtube" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje TsaZF" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="40"></a> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-kEYyzF ecHxGW" href="https://www.facebook.com/HindawiLimited/" aria-label="Facebook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje TsaZF" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="40"></a> </nav> </div> </div> </section> <div class="sc-bZQynM bNmdOy"> <section class="sc-iAyFgw gCiATD"> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link" href="//www.newsama.com/privacy/" aria-label="Privacy Policy">隐私政策<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> |</一个><一个class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link" href="//www.newsama.com/terms/" aria-label="Terms of Service">服务条款<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> |</一个><一个class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link" href="//www.newsama.com/responsible-disclosure-policy/" aria-label="Responsible Disclosure Policy">负责信息披露政策<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> |</一个><一个class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link" href="//www.newsama.com/cookie-policy/" aria-label="Cookie Policy">饼干的政策<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> |</一个><一个class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link" href="//www.newsama.com/copyright/" aria-label="Copyright">版权<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> |</一个><一个class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link" href="//www.newsama.com/modern-slavery-statement/" aria-label="Modern slavery statement">现代奴隶制的声明<gydF4y2Ba!-- --></a> </section> </div> </footer> <div class="sc-OxbzP eEFYIL advWrapper hideBanner"> <span><p>文章奖:2020年杰出的研究贡献,选择由我们的首席编辑。<一个href="//www.newsama.com/article-year-award/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">获奖的文章阅读</一个>。</p></gydF4y2Baspan> <button class="sc-bYnzgO dsXEHZ"><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje iiusBg sc-cPuPxo iXKuYd" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="16"></button> </div> </div> </div> <noscript> <iframe src="https://www.newsama.com/ns.html?id=GTM-MQ4MGW" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe> </noscript> </div> </body> </html>