研究论文|开放存取
脂肪组织来源的胰岛素分泌间充质干细胞与造血干细胞的联合移植:一种治疗胰岛素依赖性糖尿病的新方法
抽象
目标。胰岛素依赖型糖尿病(IDDM)被认为是一种自身免疫性疾病与干扰葡萄糖/胰岛素代谢,需要终身胰岛素替代疗法(IRT),30%的患者发展为终器官衰竭。我们提出我们的来自脂肪组织的胰岛素分泌的间充质干细胞的共移植的经验(IS-AD-MSC)和培养骨髓(CBM),其IRT为这些患者。方法。这是一个前瞻性的开放标记的临床试验,以IS-AD-MSC + CBM联合移植治疗IDDM,在11个批准的机构审查委员会知情同意后的测试有效性和安全性(男性:女性:7:4)患者with 1–24-year disease duration, in age group: 13–43 years, on mean values of exogenous insulin requirement of 1.14 units/kg BW/day, glycosylated hemoglobin (Hb1Ac): 8.47%, and c-peptide levels: 0.1 ng/mL. Intraportal infusion of xenogeneic-free IS-AD-MSC from living donors, subjected to defined culture conditions and phenotypically differentiated to insulin-secreting cells, with mean quantum: 1.5 mL, expressing Pax-6, Isl-1, and pdx-1, cell counts:/μL,CD45-/ 90+/ 73+:40/30.1%, C-Peptide level:1.8 ng/mL, and insulin level: 339.3 IU/mL with CBM mean quantum: 96.3 mL and cell counts:/μL,CD45-/ 34+:0.62%,进行了。结果。所有成功被移植,没有任何不良反应。Over mean followup of 23 months, they had a decreased mean exogenous insulin requirement to 0.63 units/kgBW/day, Hb1Ac to 7.39%, raised serum c-peptide levels to 0.38 ng/mL, and became free of diabetic ketoacidosis events with mean 2.5 Kg weight gain on normal vegetarian diet and physical activities.结论。这是首次报道胰岛素分泌- ad - msc +CBM在相对简单的技术下安全有效的治疗IDDM。
1.简介
糖尿病(DM)的发病率一直在流行,喜欢时尚,在过去二十年全球增长。印度预计将在2030年[成为DM的世界资本1-3]。胰岛素依赖型糖尿病(IDDM)是儿童第二常见的慢性疾病,被认为是自身免疫性疾病,其特点是不可逆地破坏分泌胰岛素的胰腺β胰岛细胞。这种疾病的症状出现胰岛素决策时β细胞团得到由约90%,导致严重的胰岛素缺乏和高血糖降低。目前本作管理的唯一治疗方法是终生的外源性胰岛素制剂。自体造血干细胞移植(HSCT)的零星报道,已报告有有限的成功[4]。
我们通过分泌胰岛素的脂肪组织的共移植提出我们的胰岛素替代疗法(IRT)的经验间充质干细胞(IS-AD-MSC)和培养骨-marrow-(CBM-)在11名IDDM患者的造血干细胞移植。
2.研究设计(图1)
这是一项于2007年10月至2008年9月进行的前瞻性非随机开放临床试验,旨在测试IS-AD-MSC和HSCT联合应用于IDDM患者的IRT的有效性和安全性。HSC与IS-AD-MSC联合移植是为了增强后者的效果。大网膜静脉输注使细胞被困在肝微循环中,使肝作为致性器官不会排斥它们。机构审查委员会批准了同意书和临床试验。
Inclusion criteria were patients between 5 to 45 years of age, of any gender, with confirmed diagnosis of IDDM at least for 6 months, with low levels of serum C-peptide levels (<0.5 ng/mL).
排除标准是用于HIV / HBsAg的/ HCV和底层血液学,nephrologic,心脏,精神病,或肝疾病,和妊娠血清学阳性。
从家庭具有病人,谁愿意捐脂肪和骨髓(BM)匹配血型的收件人健康的非糖尿病供体被批准为他们的知情同意书后,本研究方案的捐助者。
3.方法
3.1。脂肪组织和BM采购捐助国
第14天,从供者腹壁前壁切除脂肪组织(约2 gm),止血后缝合,送至干细胞实验室,在适当的运输培养基中培养,获得MSC,并进一步分化为分泌胰岛素的细胞。在第10天和第9天,用注射的粒细胞集落刺激因子(G-CSF) 7.5刺激供体μg/kg BW/ day subcutaneously followed by BM aspiration from their posterior superior iliac crest under local anesthesia, in which 60 mL BM was collected on day −8.
3.2。从脂肪组织中分离MSC
The resected adipose tissue was transported to the lab in self-designed proliferation medium with Dulbecco’s modified eagle’s medium (DMEM, Sigma, USA) (high glucose), 20% human albumin (Reliance Life Sciences, India), Fibroblast growth factor: 2 ng/mL, 1% Sodium pyruvate, and appropriate antibiotics which included penicillin, streptomycin, cefotaxime, and fluconazol and minced with knife into tiny pieces in Collagenase type I (10 mg/10 mL) solution. The entire contents of the medium were processed in culture dish and after mincing they were placed in incubator at 37°C with shaker arranged with 35 RPM for 1 hour, and subsequently transferred to 15 mL centrifuge tubes and centrifuged at 780 RPM for 8 minutes. After centrifugation the supernatant and pellets were separately cultured in proliferation medium on 100 sq.cm and 25 sq.cm cell+ plates (Sarstedt, USA), respectively, at 37°C with 5% CO2 under humid conditions for 10 days. Medium was replenished every other day.
3.3。培养和分化的h-AD-MSC的成胰岛素分泌细胞
On the 10th day of culture in proliferation medium, the cells were washed in phosphate buffered saline (1 N). The cells were harvested by means of trypsinization (0.25% Trypsin EDTA solution, Hi Media, India) and checked for viability using trypan blue, sterility (Bactec, USA) and counts in modified Neubauer chamber. For flow cytometric analysis of cells, CD 45(Per CP) negative and CD90 (PE)/CD73 (PE) (Becton, Dickinson, USA) positive tests were carried out. They were also stained by Giemsa and further subjected to differentiation in to insulin-secreting cells using differentiation medium with DMEM (glucose- 17.5 mM), DMEM: F 12, Nicotinamide, Activin A, Exendin 4, Pentagastrin, hepatocyte growth factor, B-27, N-2 serum supplement, and antibiotics. This cocktail upregulates gene expression, nourishes the cells, and prevents their further proliferation. No xenogenic material was used.
将细胞保持在该培养基中3天分化,然后通过密度梯度进行分离在Ficoll Hypaque上。
3.4。测试胰岛素的分子标记鉴定分泌MSC
细胞沉淀物,然后用等量的培养基和测试无菌性,活力和细胞计数后稀释,经受用于转录因子的表达的免疫荧光试验中,配对盒6(PAX-6),标记为胰高血糖素的生产,ISL-1,关键调节正常胰岛细胞的发展,这是胰岛素的基因表达上调和胰十二指肠同源盒基因(PDX-1),这是调节器β-cell特异性基因表达,功能,以及用于自我更新β祖细胞(五,6]。
C肽和胰岛素
用化学发光法测定培养细胞上清。
3.5。葡萄糖的挑战分析
Cells were further incubated in 6 well plates at the concentration of 5 cells/cm sq. without glucose, in glucose, (90 mM), 5 mL, and 10 mL respectively for 2 hours and insulin and c-peptide levels were measured at the end.
3.6。BM文化
The aspirated BM was subjected to invitro expansion under self-designed medium using DMEM:F12 (1 : 1) with 20% human albumin, Erythropoietin (V.H.B. Life Sciences, Inc, India), 10 μL/100 mL, G-CSF (Gennova Biopharma, India), 10 μL/100 mL, Mitomycin C, 2 μL/100 mL, nonessential amino acids, 1 mL/100 mL, Ascorbic acid, 10 μL/100 mL, and antibiotics in CO2 incubator at 37°C with 5% CO2 under humid conditions. No xenogenic material was used. Medium was replenished every other day for 8 days.
3.7。接受条件
Nonmyelo-ablative low-intensity conditioning included target specific irradiation to subdiaphragmatic lymph nodes, spleen, part of pelvic bones, and lumbar vertebrae (200 cGY × 5 days) from day −8 to −3 of transplantation. Anti-T cell antibody, 1.5 mg/kg BW and anti-B cell antibody, 6 mg/kg BW were administered intravenously on days –2 and −1, respectively, to prevent rejection and facilitate grafting of transplanted cells. No immunosuppressive medication was used post-transplantation.
3.8。细胞移植
0天细胞混合移植到受体在全身麻醉下按照我们自己的技术网膜的管子通过mini-laparotomy中线处切口的3厘米是5厘米以上脐,网膜静脉插管使用20针规和细胞融合的速度是6 - 8毫升/分钟。滴注后用丝结扎网膜静脉,检查止血,用vicryl 2/0缝线缝合伤口,表皮下缝线3/0单晶硅[7]。
3.9。术后病人监护
患者被移植之后12小时监测1周后密切观察4个小时的血糖水平持续3天。空腹和餐后(PP),血糖(BS)水平每周第1个月,并每两周检查旁边的2个月。血清C肽水平每天测量了第一周和混合膳食耐每周的第一个月。Insulin administration was made on sliding scale with an objective of maintaining FBS <150 mg% and PPBS around 200 mg%. Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) antibodies were monitored by ELISA technique (Euroimmun -Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG, UK) before and 3 months after infusion. Recipient monthly body weight, and number of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) episodes were monitored and evaluated before and after infusion. Glycosylated hemoglobin (Hb1Ac) (reference range: normal: <8.3%, good control: 8.3 to 9%, fair control: 9-10%, poor control: >10%, Erba diagnostics Mannheim, GmbH, Germany) levels were measured at 2-month intervals post-transplantation.
研究的主要终点是发病率,死亡率,从干细胞移植的不良副作用,并在外源性胰岛素需求的变化(每日剂量/持续时间)。次要终点是与每隔一个月,GAD抗体和Hb1Ac以下干细胞移植混合膳食耐受性测试血清C-肽水平。
3.10。病人
Eleven patients (7 males, 4 females) with mean age 21.1 years (range: 13–43 years) with mean disease duration of 8.2 years (range: 1–24 years) were subjected to co-transplantation with IS-AD-MSC+HSCT. Seven out of 11 patients had associated DKA episodes (1 to 5 episodes). Mean Hb1Ac levels were 8.47% (range: 6.2–10.3%) and mean insulin requirement was 1.14 units/kgBW/day (range: 0.42–2.4 units per day).
4.结果
捐赠者是父母和兄弟姐妹,4名患者是表亲,2名患者是叔伯。
4.1。干细胞
移植平均总细胞量子率为96.3毫升(范围:92〜118毫升)与CBM的有核细胞计数: /μL (range: 12.2 to/μL)和MSC-/μL(范围:0.5〜/μL),意味着CD34+,0。62% (range: 0.06 to 2.01%), mean CD 45-,90+/ 73+计数,和39.99%(范围:16.6到81.4%)/ 30.1%(范围:14.1到65.7%)。所有这些表达的转录因子PAX-6,PDX 1,和ISL-1(图2)。Mean C-peptide level of cell inocula was 1.84 ng/mL (range: 1.15–3.6 ng/mL) and insulin level was 339.3 μ IU/L (range: 118 to 739 μ IU/L).
4.2。病人的价值观
Mean pretransplant serum C-peptide levels of 0.1 ng/mL (range: 0.02 to 0.3 ng/mL) increased gradually to mean 0.37 ng/mL (range: 0.1 to 1.8 ng/mL) (normal range: 0.7 to 1.9 ng/mL by Monobind Inc, USA) and mean pre-transplant exogenous insulin requirement of 1.14 units/kg BW/day (range: 0.42–2.1 units/kg BW/day) decreased to 0.63 units/kg BW/day (range: 0.09–1 unit/kg BW/day) (Figure3(一个))。据观察,有逐渐下降的外源胰岛素需求在第一2到4个月,然后保持稳定(图3 (b))。的8.47%平均befor移植Hb1Ac(范围:6.22至10.3%)减少到7.39%(范围:5.72至8.98%)。
(一个)
(b)中
GAD antibodies between 10 and 210 IU/mL in 5 patients decreased to values between 4 to 180 IU/mL and in 3 patients where values were >2000 IU/mL befor transplantation remained the same. No functional correlation was observed between insulin requirements/c-peptide levels and GAD antibody levels.
4.3。统计分析
胰岛素需求,Hb1Ac,和血清C-肽水平进行学生配对t检验和在胰岛素需求变化被认为是最显著,Hb1Ac显示和C-肽值表明。
有干细胞输注或诱导治疗的施用相关的无不良/不良副作用。在7.3个月,平均随访(范围:3.6个月至1年)的所有患者继续有福利的输注后的感觉和在物理上更加活跃,警觉,正常吃素,并在他们的专业和个人更好地恢复住。有在所有这些令人印象深刻的无DKA发作。Pretransplant weight of 54.6 kg (range: 23.5 to 82 kg) increased marginally to 55.2 kg (range: 25 to 82 kg).
5.讨论
用于寻址的免疫失调的IDDM包括nonactivating针对CD3,基因治疗,自体造血干细胞移植,树突细胞,T调节淋巴细胞,脐带细胞,胚胎或成体干细胞的输注,和同种异体移植BM [单克隆抗体的治疗策略4,6]。体外啮齿动物模型中已经表明MSC从BM和脾脏衍生的胰岛素分泌的能力,以治疗高血糖症[8]。人类BM来源和脂肪组织来源的MSC已经被发现是表型相同的细胞群的那些啮齿类[的9]。我们已经在体外从人类脂肪组织中产生了符合国际细胞治疗学会间充质和组织干细胞委员会标准定义的间充质干细胞。MSC被定义为细胞有plastic-adherence当维护标准培养条件下,必须有成骨的能力,脂肪形成的chondrogenic分化,必须表达CD73, CD90、CD105,而且必须缺乏表达造血谱系标记c - kit, CD14, CD34, CD 45, CD 11 b, CD79 CD 29日α和HLA-DR [10]。我们的细胞满足这些标准。我们进一步他们分化为胰岛素分泌细胞表型相同胰腺确定的培养条件下β细胞(11]。这些细胞表达了转录因子pdx-1、pax-6和isl1,这三种转录因子都是能够将非胰腺细胞重新编程为替代物的中央控制基因β细胞功能。再次相比于基于矢量的基因转移技术[我们的技术是一个快捷方式重新编程非胰腺细胞12]。
我们的结果支持了这三个转录因子的结合代表了分泌胰岛素的异位机制的建立。这些令人兴奋的结果提出了有趣的问题;无论这种分化是否涉及表观遗传重编程,还是MSC的核内容已经变得允许激活这个转录程序β细胞的功能。无论是什么这种策略即使在原产地的亲缘关系较远的细胞已经工作的原因。
六,结论
这与胰岛素分泌的脂肪组织的共移植成功治疗IDDM的第一次报告来源的MSC和HSCT。易和皮下脂肪组织可重复的访问提供了优于从BM MSC的隔离明显的优势。分离培养技术简单,易于操作。
缩略语
| BM: | 骨髓 |
| CBM: | 培养的骨髓 |
| 分析: | 糖尿病酮症酸中毒 |
| 糖尿病: | 糖尿病 |
| DMEM: | 贝科的改良Eagle培养基 |
| 迦得: | 谷氨酸脱羧酶 |
| g - csf: | 粒细胞集落刺激因子 |
| Hb1Ac: | 糖化血红蛋白 |
| HSCT: | 造血干细胞移植 |
| IDDM: | 胰岛素依赖型糖尿病 |
| IRT: | 胰岛素替代疗法 |
| IS-AD-MSC: | 胰岛素分泌脂肪组织源性间充质干细胞。 |
致谢
作者非常感谢亚兹迪瓦迪亚和Priyadarshini酒店沙阿用于造纸的统计分析和打字。C. N.帕特尔,J. V.帕特尔,A. G.巴尔加瓦,B. N.帕特尔和P. N. Bhavsar都进行了所有的实验室试验,包括在纸提到的情况流式细胞术分析。
参考
- N. K. Mehra, N. Kumar, G. Kaur, U. Kanga, N. Tandon, "特别参照印度人口对1型糖尿病易感性的生物标记,"印度医学研究杂志卷。125,没有。3,第321-344,2007。查看在:谷歌学术搜索
- 内森博士,"糖尿病的长期并发症,"新英格兰医学杂志卷。328,没有。23,第1676-1685,1993。查看在:出版商网站|谷歌学术搜索
- R. R.鲁宾和M. Peyrot,“生活和糖尿病的质量,”糖尿病/代谢研究和评论第15卷第2期3, 205-218页,1999年。查看在:出版商网站|谷歌学术搜索
- J. C. Voltarelli,C. E. B. Couri,A. B. P. L. Stracieri等人,“自体非清髓性造血干细胞移植在新诊断1型糖尿病,”美国医学协会卷。297,没有。14,页。1568年至1576年,2007年。查看在:出版商网站|谷歌学术搜索
- K. Timper,D. Sebok,M.埃贝哈特等人,“人脂肪组织源性间充质干细胞在胰岛素,促生长素抑制素和表达细胞胰高血糖素分化,”科学,第341卷,第1135-1140页,2006。查看在:谷歌学术搜索
- A. Schaffler和C. Buchler,“简要回顾:脂肪组织衍生的基质细胞——新型细胞疗法的基础和临床意义,”干细胞卷。25,没有。4,第818-827,2007。查看在:出版商网站|谷歌学术搜索
- H.特里维迪,五沙阿,沙阿P.等人,“高剂量的活体肾移植受者数据库管理中心相关的宽容,”移植论文集卷。32,没有。7,第2001-2002,2000。查看在:出版商网站|谷歌学术搜索
- D.问:唐,李。Z.曹,B. R.布克哈特等人,“以体内和从小鼠骨髓获得产生胰岛素的细胞的体外表征,”糖尿病卷。53,没有。7,第1721至1732年,2004年。查看在:出版商网站|谷歌学术搜索
- P. A. ZUK,M.诸,P. Ashjian等人,“人脂肪组织是多能干细胞的来源,”细胞的分子生物学第13卷,no。12,第4279-4295页,2002。查看在:出版商网站|谷歌学术搜索
- R. Yañez, M. L. Lamana, J. García-Castro, I. Colmenero, M. Ramírez, and J. A. Bueren, “Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells have in vivo immunosuppressive properties applicable for the control of the graft-versus-host disease,”干细胞卷。24,没有。11,页。2582年至2591年,2006年。查看在:出版商网站|谷歌学术搜索
- H. L. Trivedi, A. V. Vanikar, U. Thakker等,“人类脂肪来源间充质干细胞联合造血干细胞移植合成胰岛素,”移植论文集卷。40,没有。4,第1135至1139年,2008年。查看在:出版商网站|谷歌学术搜索
- 成人胰腺外分泌细胞的Q.周,J.布朗,A. Kanarek,J. Rajagopal和D. A.麦尔登,“在体内重编程β-细胞,”性质卷。455,没有。7213,第627-632,2008。查看在:出版商网站|谷歌学术搜索
版权
©2010 A. V. Vanikar等。这是下发布的开放式访问文章知识共享署名许可,其允许在任何介质无限制地使用,分发和再现时,所提供的原始工作正确的引用。