提出生物合成途径芹黄素,毛地黄黄酮,rosmarinic酸和花青素紫苏属植物。核心酶参与phenylpropanoid的生物合成,黄酮、花青素骨架所示。F3′H,类黄酮3′-羟化酶;fn,黄酮合成酶;F3H,黄烷酮3-hydroxylase;FLS的黄酮醇合成酶;气,查耳酮异构酶;CHS、查耳酮合酶;朋友,苯丙氨酸ammonia-lyase;C4H,肉桂酸4-hydroxylase; 4CL, 4-coumaric acid: CoA ligase; TAT, tyrosine aminotransferase; HPPR, hydroxyphenylpyruvate reductase; RAS, hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA: hydroxyphenyllactate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase; 3H and 3′H, hydroxycinnamoyl-hydroxyphenyllactate 3-and 3′-hydroxylases.