|
| 变量 |
总样品() |
1年() |
二年级() |
3年级() |
|
|
| 社会渗目因素 |
| Age,() |
23.9(4.4) |
22.9(4.4) |
23.0(2.4) |
25.7(5.2) |
0.001 |
| Female gender,(%) |
118(79.2) |
42(82.4) |
36(73.5) |
40(81.6) |
0.48 |
| 个人因素 |
| Self-esteem,() |
12.3(1.9) |
12.1(1.9) |
12.5(1.8) |
12.5(1.9) |
0.38 |
| General self-efficacy,() |
28.4(5.0) |
27.6(5.0) |
28.8(4.9) |
28.9(5.3) |
0.37 |
| 教育因素 |
| Prior higher education,(%) |
65(43.6) |
22(43.1) |
22(44.9) |
21(42.9) |
0.98 |
| Average time per week on the independent study,() |
9.3(5.0) |
11.0(4.1) |
6.7(3.6) |
10.2(6.7) |
<0.001 |
| Self-assessment of study performance,() |
6.2(1.3) |
5.7(1.5) |
6.3(1.2) |
6.5(1.2) |
<0.01 |
| 学习概念 |
| Deep concept,() |
12.8(1.5) |
12.7(1.5) |
12.9(1.3) |
12.9(1.6) |
0.85 |
| Surface concept,() |
12.8(1.4) |
13.1(1.5) |
12.4(1.5) |
12.9(1.3) |
0.08 |
| Collected efforts’ concept,() |
25.6(2.3) |
25.8(2.4) |
25.3(2.3) |
25.6(2.3) |
0.50 |
|
|