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height="24"><span class="text">提交</年代p一个n></span><span class="sc-htoDjs kNoiZu sc-jzgbtB bcxtxQ fileArrow icon-colored undefined icon-themeable" title="" font-size="16"></span></a> <div class="sc-laTMn itkvWp hide__submenu journalSubmenuCheck" id="journalnav__submenu"> <button class="sc-fjmCvl iHxDYu journalSubmenuCheck"><span class="sc-htoDjs gvAGTV sc-bHwgHz eILPxx journalSubmenuCheck icon-colored _1CwL9R82TPl2HxDleeYGDR icon-themeable" title="" font-size="9"></span></button> </div> <div class="sc-hGoxap RBVZC hide__submenu journal__nav__desktop" id="journalnav__submenudesktop"> <div order="0" class="sc-itybZL MzKKr"> <div class="sc-krDsej fedCNn"></div> <div class="sc-krDsej fedCNn"></div> </div> <div class="sc-dTdPqK hmOYYz"></div> <span class="sc-fzsDOv fsxuEC"></span> </div> </nav> </div> <div class="sc-ciodno dodfTt breadcrumb__wrapper journal_article__BreadCrumbStyle-sc-12fk6zy-2 bjwAQR article"> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-gGCbJM eslOan breadCrumb" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/apec/" aria-label="Active and Passive Electronic Components">主动和被动电子元件</一个>/<一个cl一个年代年代=”年代c-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-gGCbJM eslOan breadCrumb" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/apec/contents/year/2012/" aria-label="2012">2012年</一个>/<年代p一个ncl一个年代年代=”年代c-lcpuFF dIyyAR">文章</年代p一个n> </div> <div class="threeColumn__ThreeColumnWrapper-sc-1bf4078-0 uVYyF threeColumnWrapper"> <div class="threeColumn__LeftWrapper-sc-1bf4078-1 fkVFlF leftWrapper"> <button type="button" class="sc-jeCdPy hPDggI section__button " id="sectionButton"><span class="sc-htoDjs diutvq icon__dots dots__detector icon-colored _3n-7Ho7DlfjMlZbrRr9Q4a icon-themeable" title="" font-size="22"></span>文章部分</but来n> <div class="sc-gtfDJT eVAVoo static_contents__section_links links__hidden "> <div id="leftSectionMenu" class="sc-GMQeP fMysxi sc-eInJlc cfvYGB left_section_menu"> <p>在这一页上</pgydF4y2Ba> <span class="sc-hzDEsm gxpLsG grey" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-fOICqy iXqXlM" href="#abstract" aria-label="">文摘</一个></span> <span class="sc-hzDEsm gxpLsG grey" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-fOICqy iXqXlM" href="#introduction" aria-label="">介绍</一个></span> <span class="sc-hzDEsm gxpLsG grey" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-fOICqy iXqXlM" href="#valiadation-and-discussion" aria-label="">讨论</一个></span> <span class="sc-hzDEsm gxpLsG grey" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-fOICqy iXqXlM" href="#conclusion" aria-label="">结论</一个></span> <span class="sc-hzDEsm gxpLsG grey" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-fOICqy iXqXlM" href="#acknowledgments" aria-label="">确认</一个></span> <span class="sc-hzDEsm gxpLsG grey" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-fOICqy iXqXlM" href="#references" aria-label="">引用</一个></span> <span class="sc-hzDEsm gxpLsG grey" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-fOICqy iXqXlM" href="#copyright" aria-label="">版权</一个></span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="threeColumn__ContentWrapper-sc-1bf4078-3 bbzREB contentWrapper"> <div class="threeColumn__Content-sc-1bf4078-4 jknsZc content"> <div class="articleContent__ArticleContentsWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-0 eSvjPB article_contents"> <div class="articleContent__ArticleContentsSectionsWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-1 jntdRu article_contents__sections_wrapper"> <div class="articleContent__ArticleWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-2 hAzjHP"> <div class="sc-ebFjAB jxEVjH article_header_class"> <p class="sc-hzNEM exLcDH article_type">研究文章|<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->开放获取</pgydF4y2Ba> <div class="sc-chbbiW kzNyka article_citation"> 体积<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> 2012年<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> <span class="sc-cooIXK hCCmjz">|</年代p一个n>文章的ID<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> 309789年<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> <span class="sc-cooIXK hCCmjz">|</年代p一个n> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-fcdeBU dJIaji" href="https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/309789" aria-label="Doi-link">https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/309789</一个> </div> <div class="sc-bmyXtO gDNLQN article_full_citation"> <div class="sc-jtggT bycqoT isHide"> <p>盛奇周生产率,周、刘Suncheng Pengju太阳,Quanming罗Junke吴<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> ”<年代p一个n>的近似熵理论在缺陷检测中的应用IGBT模块</年代p一个n>”,<gydF4y2Ba!-- --><i>主动和被动电子元件</我>,<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> 卷。<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->2012年<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> 文章的ID<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->309789年<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> 7<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->   页面<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> 2012年<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->。<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/309789</pgydF4y2Ba> </div> <button class="sc-iAyFgw irxuxk sc-dEoRIm jkPgtr" color="">显示引用</but来n> </div> <h1 class="sc-gPEVay iUuzmH sc-kxynE miVOA article_title heading-title">的近似熵理论在缺陷检测中的应用IGBT模块</h1gydF4y2Ba> </div> <div class="sc-gpHHfC cdKJIh article_authors"> <hr class="sc-gPzReC jVvWtU hr__author"> <span class=""><b>盛奇周</bgydF4y2Ba><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link" href="mailto:" aria-label="Mail Option"><span class="sc-htoDjs kNoiZu sc-gVyKpa kNPCsS icon-colored _2zt-1j0LmaF8UjTQAM413G icon-themeable" title="" font-size="16"></span></a>,<年代up>1</年代up></span> <span class="">生产率周<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<年代up>1</年代up></span> <span class="">Suncheng刘<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<年代up>1</年代up></span> <span class="">Pengju太阳<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<年代up>1</年代up></span> <span class="">Quanming罗<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<年代up>1</年代up> 和</年代p一个n> <span class="">Junke吴<年代up>1</年代up></span> <div class="sc-kQsIoO lnoGXA isHide"> <p><sup>1</年代up><span>国家重点实验室的输电设备及系统安全与新技术,重庆大学,重庆400044年,中国</年代p一个n></p> </div> <button class="sc-iAyFgw irxuxk sc-cpmKsF dxqSPm" color="">显示更多</but来n> </div> <div class="articleContent__EditorWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-3 evMkvU"> <div class="articleContent__TextWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-8 fYrLtk"> <b>学术编辑器:</bgydF4y2Ba>Jiun-Wei Horng</gydF4y2Badiv> <div class="articleContent__PublicationTimeLineWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-4 fjviok"> <div class="articleContent__PublcationCol-sc-2yl9jy-5 hgKieC notPublished"> <span class="articleContent__PublicationField-sc-2yl9jy-6 cIribm">收到了</年代p一个n> <span class="articleContent__PublicationValue-sc-2yl9jy-7 khHUcu">05年6月2012年</年代p一个n> </div> <div class="articleContent__PublcationCol-sc-2yl9jy-5 hgKieC notPublished"> <span class="articleContent__PublicationField-sc-2yl9jy-6 cIribm">接受</年代p一个n> <span class="articleContent__PublicationValue-sc-2yl9jy-7 khHUcu">2012年7月30日</年代p一个n> </div> <div class="articleContent__PublcationCol-sc-2yl9jy-5 hgKieC isPublished"> <span class="articleContent__PublicationField-sc-2yl9jy-6 cIribm">发表</年代p一个n> <span class="articleContent__PublicationValue-sc-2yl9jy-7 khHUcu">06年9月2012年</年代p一个n> </div> </div> </div> <article class="sc-hgHYgh eQiaDa article_body "> <div> <div class="xml-content"> <h4 class="header" id="abstract">文摘</h4gydF4y2Ba> <p>缺陷的关键因素之一是在减少的可靠性绝缘栅双极型晶体管(IGBT)模块,所以发展中IGBT模块内部缺陷的诊断方法是一个重要的措施来避免灾难性的失败和提高电力电子转换器的可靠性。由于这个原因,一种新的诊断方法的近似熵(ApEn)理论的基础上提出了本文提供的统计诊断和允许操作员及时更换有缺陷的IGBT模块。该方法是通过分析大门的十字ApEn电压之前和之后发生的缺陷。由于当地老化造成的损害,包装材料的内在寄生参数或硅片在IGBT模块如寄生电感和功放可能随时间变化,这将使非凡的栅电压的变化。也就是说门电压与缺陷紧密耦合。因此,变化是量化和作为前体参数对IGBT模块的健康状况进行评估。实验结果验证了该方法的正确性。</pgydF4y2Ba> <span class="end-abs"></span> <h4 id="introduction">1。介绍</h4gydF4y2Ba> <p>调查进行的(<一个href=”#B1">1</一个>)表明,电力电子转换器的可靠性值得行业近年来越来越多的兴趣,但可靠性监控的满意度水平低50%。这表明需要更多的研究工作。的健康管理的主要挑战之一是电力电子器件由于其显著影响电力电子转换器的退化。目前,igbt是最常用的电力电子设备在许多工业应用以及一些safe-critical牵引和可再生能源等领域<一个href=”#B2">2</一个>,<一个href=”#B3">3</一个>),需要严格的可靠性。尽管igbt最近大量开发的可靠性,igbt的失败率从1995年的1000降至20符合2000年,目前只有少数符合,1 = 1×10<年代up>−9</年代up>每device-hour[失败<一个href=”#B4">4</一个>),上述safe-critical字段中使用的igbt可能经历严重的电气和热应力。如风力发电、igbt受到large-junction温度波动在正常操作期间由于固有的间歇性自然风速和low-converter-modulation频率(<一个href=”#B5">5</一个>]。因此,监测可靠性退化igbt成为一个重要的问题和研究仍然作为一个开放的话题<一个href=”#B6">6</一个>]。</pgydF4y2Ba> <p>可靠性是产品或系统的能力来执行用于指定的时间,在它的生命周期环境(<一个href=”#B7">7</一个>]。传统的可靠性预测方法依赖于组件的故障数据的收集,但并不适用于igbt因为大量的时间消耗。越来越多的研究检测可靠性退化igbt是近年来报道<一个href=”#B4">4</一个>,<一个href=”#B5">5</一个>,<一个href=”#B8">8</一个>- - - - - -<一个href=”#B14">14</一个>]。大部分的研究都是基于外部迹象老化或即将到来的失败与物理。然而,由于许多物理磨损机制给小的外部指示(<一个href=”#B15">15</一个>]或很难感觉结温度在操作过程中(<一个href=”#B5">5</一个>),这些方法仍处于开发阶段(<一个href=”#B6">6</一个>]。相关研究表明,IGBT的可靠性退化取决于疲劳累积随着时间的推移,里面有一些局部缺陷诱发灾难性故障前的IGBT模块,如键合线发射和焊料层开裂[<一个href=”#B16">16</一个>]。除了显著减少IGBT的可靠性,这些局部的缺陷也会影响一些内在寄生IGBT模块的元素,从而改变栅电压。这提供了一种可行的方法来监控这些缺陷在IGBT模块通过识别栅电压的变化。与事故后检测(<一个href=”#B17">17</一个>- - - - - -<一个href=”#B19">19</一个>),监控内部缺陷IGBT模块允许运营商发现一种不健康的IGBT模块prefault条件,及时避免过度疲劳和随后附带损害其余的转换器。</pgydF4y2Ba> <p>门电路包括内在结参数和相关的包装材料的寄生电感和电阻,所以坚定地加上这些内在寄生元素在IGBT模块和敏感的缺陷的发生。但是,感应门电压转换器操作期间可能会影响到许多不确定因素,如噪音,而导致模棱两可的结论。绕过这个限制,诊断方法基于近似熵理论提出了本文提供的统计诊断(<一个href=”#B20">20.</一个>]。这样的统计诊断可以理解和接受。</pgydF4y2Ba> <p>本文的其余部分组织如下。首先,IGBT的失效机制和缺陷影响的门电路的性能进行了讨论,门的线性化电路在一个特定时期的开机过程采用IGBT moduleis消除扰动引起的非线性收集器电容器<年代vg height="14.4875" id="M1" style="vertical-align:-3.25792pt;width:26.424999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 26.424999 14.4875" width="26.424999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.4875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.41)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.71)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.56,60.58)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> G</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.318944" y="0"> C</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,那么近似熵理论概况和十字架的计算ApEn也进行了。最后,诊断方法基于大门的十字ApEn电压的变化之前和之后发生的缺陷提出找出可能的异常,进行验证性实验也采用一种特殊的未密封的IGBT模块来验证本文提出的诊断方法的正确性。</pgydF4y2Ba> <h4 id="failure-mechanisms-and-defects-of-igbts">2。失败的机制和igbt的缺陷</h4gydF4y2Ba> <h5 id="sec2.1">2.1。失败的igbt机制</h5gydF4y2Ba> <p>现代igbt具有很多优势,比如开态电阻低,良好的开关速度和良好的安全操作区域。被广泛应用于low-to-medium-power和高频应用,现在,甚至取代了门断开(GTO)晶体闸流管在高功率范围。有各种各样的配置的IGBT离散IGBT IGBT模块。在这些配置,在大功率IGBT模块是非常受欢迎的应用程序。尽管即将到来的半导体材料,如碳化硅吸引了越来越多的关注,大多数商业可用的大功率IGBT模块仍以硅为基材制作的。硅的材料特性的限制,IGBT芯片的功率密度限制,因此许多IGBT芯片并联连接在IGBT模块,二极管芯片反平行的放在一起作为随心所欲的二极管(FWD)目前,为了提高当前的导电能力,如图<一个href=”http年代://www.newsama.com/journals/apec/2012/309789/fig1/" target="_blank">1</一个>。在这种情况下,有两个IGBT开关IGBT模块。每个开关由两个平行的IGBT芯片和两个反平行的前轮驱动芯片。</pgydF4y2Ba> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig1"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig1"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="309789.fig.001" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/apec/volume-2012/309789/figures/309789.fig.001.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图1</年代p一个n> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/apec/2012/309789/fig1/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> 一个典型的半桥模块及其等效电路。</t一个ble> </div> </div> </div> <p>IGBT模块复杂的多层结构与不同材料相互亲密接触,提供机械稳定性、电气绝缘和导热性。热这些材料之间的相互作用中扮演重要角色的长期可靠性IGBT模块(<一个href=”#B16">16</一个>,<一个href=”#B21">21</一个>]。的横截面示意图热膨胀的IGBT模块和相关系数(CTE)的组成材料在图表示<一个href=”http年代://www.newsama.com/journals/apec/2012/309789/fig2/" target="_blank">2</一个>。键合线从上到下,硅片,直接保税铜陶瓷基片(DBC)和基板。从图<一个href=”http年代://www.newsama.com/journals/apec/2012/309789/fig2/" target="_blank">2</一个>,可以看出有两个弱点在IGBT模块由于CTE不匹配,一个是键合线和硅片之间的接口,另一个是锡层。热应力引起的结温波动大(80°C)发生在某些领域对igbt的可靠性有严重的影响(<一个href=”#B4">4</一个>,<一个href=”#B5">5</一个>]。键合线疲劳和焊接疲劳失败已确定为主要机制(<一个href=”#B9">9</一个>,<一个href=”#B22">22</一个>]。</pgydF4y2Ba> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig2"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig2"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="309789.fig.002" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/apec/volume-2012/309789/figures/309789.fig.002.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图2</年代p一个n> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/apec/2012/309789/fig2/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> 横截面的IGBT模块和相关组件的ct资料。</t一个ble> </div> </div> </div> <h5 id="sec2.2">2.2。缺陷及其影响</h5gydF4y2Ba> <p>有两个主要缺陷内观察到的IGBT模块:键合线的发射和焊料层的裂纹作为一个老化的结果。这些缺陷会影响一些内在寄生元素IGBT模块的寄生电感和电阻的发射器债券电线或结参数如图<一个href=”http年代://www.newsama.com/journals/apec/2012/309789/fig3/" target="_blank">3</一个>(<一个href=”#B23">23</一个>,<一个href=”#B24">24</一个>),<年代vg height="14.3875" id="M2" style="vertical-align:-3.25792pt;width:26.25px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 26.25 14.3875" width="26.25" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.49)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.1,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> G</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.2139201" y="0"> T</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<年代vg height="14.3875" id="M3" style="vertical-align:-3.25792pt;width:26.75px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 26.75 14.3875" width="26.75" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.49)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.7,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> G</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.2139201" y="0"> T</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>是门口的寄生电感和电阻铅分别<年代vg height="14.3875" id="M4" style="vertical-align:-3.25792pt;width:29.875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 29.875 14.3875" width="29.875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.49)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.1,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> G</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.1964159" y="0"> W</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<年代vg height="14.3875" id="M5" style="vertical-align:-3.25792pt;width:30.375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 30.375 14.3875" width="30.375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.49)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.7,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> G</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.1964159" y="0"> W</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>是门口的寄生电感和电阻焊线机分别<年代vg height="14.4875" id="M6" style="vertical-align:-3.25792pt;width:25.8125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 25.8125 14.4875" width="25.8125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.4875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.41)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.71)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.56,60.58)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> G</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.318944" y="0"> E</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>gate-emitter电容,<年代vg height="14.4875" id="M7" style="vertical-align:-3.25792pt;width:26.424999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 26.424999 14.4875" width="26.424999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.4875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.41)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.71)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.56,60.58)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> G</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.318944" y="0"> C</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>gate-collector电容,<年代vg height="14.3625" id="M8" style="vertical-align:-3.23158pt;width:28.825001px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 28.825001 14.3625" width="28.825001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.51)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.1,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> E</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.3474722" y="0"> W</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<年代vg height="14.3625" id="M9" style="vertical-align:-3.23158pt;width:29.325001px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 29.325001 14.3625" width="29.325001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.51)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.7,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> E</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.3474722" y="0"> W</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>寄生电感和电阻的发射器债券电线分别<年代vg height="14.2375" id="M10" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:25.1875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 25.1875 14.2375" width="25.1875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.2375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.61)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.1,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> E</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.3474722" y="0"> T</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<年代vg height="14.2375" id="M11" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:25.6875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 25.6875 14.2375" width="25.6875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.2375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.61)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.7,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> E</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.3474722" y="0"> T</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>是辅助发射器的寄生电感和电阻铅分别<年代vg height="14.2375" id="M12" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:20.275px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 20.275 14.2375" width="20.275" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.2375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.61)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.1,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<年代vg height="14.2375" id="M13" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:20.775px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 20.775 14.2375" width="20.775" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.2375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.61)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.7,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>发射器的寄生电感和电阻铅分别<年代vg height="14.3875" id="M14" style="vertical-align:-3.25792pt;width:25.799999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 25.799999 14.3875" width="25.799999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.49)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.1,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> C</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.837584" y="0"> T</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<年代vg height="14.3875" id="M15" style="vertical-align:-3.25792pt;width:26.299999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 26.299999 14.3875" width="26.299999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.49)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.7,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> C</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.837584" y="0"> T</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>收集器的寄生电感和电阻铅分别和数字的符号表示不同的芯片的开关。注意,collector-emitter电容<年代vg height="14.4875" id="M16" style="vertical-align:-3.25792pt;width:25.2125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 25.2125 14.4875" width="25.2125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.4875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.41)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.71)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.56,60.58)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> C</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.837584" y="0"> E</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>不包括在图吗<一个href=”http年代://www.newsama.com/journals/apec/2012/309789/fig3/" target="_blank">3</一个>因为它没有影响开关IGBT模块的特点(<一个href=”#B25">25</一个>]。</pgydF4y2Ba> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig3"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig3"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="309789.fig.003" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/apec/volume-2012/309789/figures/309789.fig.003.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图3</年代p一个n> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/apec/2012/309789/fig3/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> 一个开关在一个IGBT模块的寄生元素。</t一个ble> </div> </div> </div> <p>键合线的发射不仅可以改变发射器债券的寄生电感和电阻电线,而且IGBT模块的布局。例如,如果六债券电线连接芯片的发射器发射,如图<一个href=”http年代://www.newsama.com/journals/apec/2012/309789/fig4/" target="_blank">4</一个>这种芯片将会失败,然后IGBT模块的布局是两个平行的芯片成为一个改变。因此,相当于总gate-emitter寄生电容也发生了变化。裂缝在硅衬底或substrate-baseplate焊料层可以减少热传导的有效面积,增加结的热阻的情况下,这将导致更高的结温(<一个href=”#B6">6</一个>)和电离更多热运营商改变结电容。此外,门静电放电和收集器过电压也可以电离热运营商和结电容的影响,但他们应该偶然因素。总的来说,缺陷会影响一些内在寄生元素参与门电路。</pgydF4y2Ba> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig4"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig4"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="309789.fig.004" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/apec/volume-2012/309789/figures/309789.fig.004.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图4</年代p一个n> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/apec/2012/309789/fig4/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> 债券电线内发射一个IGBT模块。</t一个ble> </div> </div> </div> <p></p> <h5 id="sec2.3">2.3。线性化</h5gydF4y2Ba> <p>从图<一个href=”http年代://www.newsama.com/journals/apec/2012/309789/fig3/" target="_blank">3</一个>,可以看出栅电压<年代vg height="14.3875" id="M17" style="vertical-align:-3.25792pt;width:24.3125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 24.3125 14.3875" width="24.3125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.49)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.76,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> G</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.318944" y="0"> E</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>电加上collector-emitter电压吗<年代vg height="14.3875" id="M18" style="vertical-align:-3.25792pt;width:23.7125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 23.7125 14.3875" width="23.7125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.49)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.76,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> C</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.837584" y="0"> E</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>由米勒电容<年代vg height="14.4875" id="M19" style="vertical-align:-3.25792pt;width:26.424999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 26.424999 14.4875" width="26.424999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.4875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.41)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.71)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.56,60.58)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> G</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.318944" y="0"> C</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>包括<年代vg height="14.4875" id="M20" style="vertical-align:-3.25792pt;width:31.9px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 31.9 14.4875" width="31.9" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.4875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.41)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.71)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.56,60.58)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> G</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.318944" y="0"> C</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-51.4,60.58)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<年代vg height="14.4875" id="M21" style="vertical-align:-3.25792pt;width:31.9px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 31.9 14.4875" width="31.9" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.4875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.41)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.71)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.56,60.58)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> G</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.318944" y="0"> C</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-51.4,60.58)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。本系列米勒电容包括gate-drain-overlap氧化物电容的组合<年代vg height="14.4875" id="M22" style="vertical-align:-3.25792pt;width:34.662498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 34.662498 14.4875" width="34.662498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.4875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.41)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.71)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.56,60.58)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> O</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.1001439" y="0"> X</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="12.419088" y="0"> D</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和gate-drain-overlap损耗电容<年代vg height="14.4875" id="M23" style="vertical-align:-3.25792pt;width:30.887501px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 30.887501 14.4875" width="30.887501" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.4875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.41)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.71)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.56,60.58)"> <tspan 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style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> O</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.1088958" y="0"> X</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="12.42784" y="0"> D</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,173.79,48.53)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,182.18,45.41)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> G</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.318944" y="0"> D</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="12.462848" y="0"> J</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 139.1,42.4 66.36,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,139.1,30.52)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,147.49,27.39)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> O</t年代p一个n> 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</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.6887999" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,191.62,-17.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.8499999" y="-2.51"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,204.66,-18.55)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> C</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.837584" y="0"> E</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,219.13,-15.43)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.327718" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,237.66,-18.55)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> G</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.318944" y="0"> E</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,249.32,-18.55)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,252.24,-18.55)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> t</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.4943199" y="0"> h</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,259.12,-18.55)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,262.53,-17.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.9400001" y="-2.51"> /</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.415834" y="-2.51"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.142208" y="-2.51"> /</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.618042" y="-2.51"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,293.78,-18.55)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,301.92,0.7)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="172.2" y="-20.66"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="176.36349" y="-20.66"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="182.61501" y="-20.66"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></p> <p>在哪里<年代vg height="14.6125" id="M26" style="vertical-align:-3.25792pt;width:27.75px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 27.75 14.6125" width="27.75" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.6125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.31)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.61)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.99,60.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> G</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.318944" y="0"> D</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>是gate-drain重叠区域,<年代vg height="11.075" id="M27" style="vertical-align:-3.25792pt;width:17.4375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.4375 11.075" width="17.4375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.075)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.14)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.9,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 年代</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8661122" y="0"> 我</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>硅的介电常数,<年代vg height="16.875" id="M28" style="vertical-align:-5.25052pt;width:40.825001px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 40.825001 16.875" width="40.825001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-58.5)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.76,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> G</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.318944" y="0"> E</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-52.6,60.1)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-49.68,60.1)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> t</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.4943199" y="0"> h</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-42.8,60.1)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>是门阈值电压,<年代vg height="14.2375" id="M29" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:22.1px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 22.1 14.2375" width="22.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.2375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.61)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-61.31,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>是掺杂浓度。重大的变化<年代vg height="14.4875" id="M30" style="vertical-align:-3.25792pt;width:26.424999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 26.424999 14.4875" width="26.424999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.4875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.41)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.71)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.56,60.58)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> G</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.318944" y="0"> C</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>可能多达10倍到100 (<一个href=”#B25">25</一个>]。自<年代vg height="14.3875" id="M31" style="vertical-align:-3.25792pt;width:23.7125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 23.7125 14.3875" width="23.7125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.49)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.76,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> C</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.837584" y="0"> E</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>不同在不同的应用程序,直接使用的栅电压会导致诊断结果是模棱两可的。所以门的线性化电路在一个特定时期的开机过程采用IGBT模块。如图<一个href=”http年代://www.newsama.com/journals/apec/2012/309789/fig5/" target="_blank">5</一个>在刺激过程的开始阶段,也就是说,时间间隔<年代vg height="13.05" id="M32" style="vertical-align:-3.25793pt;width:11.1125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.1125 13.05" width="11.1125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.05)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.56)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.86)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-68.04,61.74)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>来<年代vg height="12.8875" id="M33" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:11.1125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.1125 12.8875" width="11.1125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.8875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.69)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.86)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-68.04,61.74)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,collector-emitter电压<年代vg height="14.3875" id="M34" style="vertical-align:-3.25792pt;width:23.7125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 23.7125 14.3875" width="23.7125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.49)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.76,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> C</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.837584" y="0"> E</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>仍然保持在高直流电压只要自由二极管正在进行,<年代vg height="14.4875" id="M35" style="vertical-align:-3.25792pt;width:26.424999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 26.424999 14.4875" width="26.424999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.4875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.41)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.71)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.56,60.58)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> G</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.318944" y="0"> C</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>仍然是一个小恒定值,因为高不变<年代vg height="14.3875" id="M36" style="vertical-align:-3.25792pt;width:23.7125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 23.7125 14.3875" width="23.7125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.49)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.76,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> C</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.837584" y="0"> E</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>而且几乎等于<年代vg height="14.4875" id="M37" style="vertical-align:-3.25792pt;width:30.887501px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 30.887501 14.4875" width="30.887501" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.4875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.41)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.71)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.56,60.58)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> G</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.318944" y="0"> D</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="12.462848" y="0"> J</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>这是远低于<年代vg height="14.4875" id="M38" style="vertical-align:-3.25792pt;width:25.8125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 25.8125 14.4875" width="25.8125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.4875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.41)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.71)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.56,60.58)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> G</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.318944" y="0"> E</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。所以一开始从<年代vg height="13.05" id="M39" style="vertical-align:-3.25793pt;width:11.1125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.1125 13.05" width="11.1125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.05)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.56)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.86)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-68.04,61.74)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>来<年代vg height="12.8875" id="M40" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:11.1125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.1125 12.8875" width="11.1125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.8875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.69)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.86)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-68.04,61.74)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>是最相关的阶段,非线性影响所致<年代vg height="14.4875" id="M41" style="vertical-align:-3.25792pt;width:30.887501px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 30.887501 14.4875" width="30.887501" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.4875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.41)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.71)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.56,60.58)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> G</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.318944" y="0"> D</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="12.462848" y="0"> J</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,<年代vg height="14.3875" id="M42" style="vertical-align:-3.25792pt;width:23.7125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 23.7125 14.3875" width="23.7125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.49)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.76,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> C</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.837584" y="0"> E</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>是消除和整个内在寄生元素参与门电路可以看作是线性元素因为rest-associated内在寄生电感和电阻呢<年代vg height="14.3625" id="M43" style="vertical-align:-3.23158pt;width:34.299999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 34.299999 14.3625" width="34.299999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.51)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.1,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> E</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.3474722" y="0"> W</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-49.49,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<年代vg height="14.3625" id="M44" style="vertical-align:-3.23158pt;width:34.799999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 34.799999 14.3625" width="34.799999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.51)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.7,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> E</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.3474722" y="0"> W</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-49.09,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>是线性元素和不受影响呢<年代vg height="14.3875" id="M45" style="vertical-align:-3.25792pt;width:23.7125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 23.7125 14.3875" width="23.7125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.49)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.76,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> C</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.837584" y="0"> E</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。</pgydF4y2Ba> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig5"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig5"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="309789.fig.005" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/apec/volume-2012/309789/figures/309789.fig.005.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图5</年代p一个n> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/apec/2012/309789/fig5/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> 刺激波形的IGBT模块。</t一个ble> </div> </div> </div> <p>然后门电压可以被看作是一个二阶线性系统的阶跃响应,如图<一个href=”http年代://www.newsama.com/journals/apec/2012/309789/fig6/" target="_blank">6</一个>,在那里<年代vg height="14.2375" id="M46" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:15.2px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 15.2 14.2375" width="15.2" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.2375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.61)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.76,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<年代vg height="14.2375" id="M47" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:15.2px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 15.2 14.2375" width="15.2" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.2375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.61)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.76,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>是正面和负面的栅电路的电源电压,分别<年代vg height="14.475" id="M48" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:16.375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16.375 14.475" width="16.375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.475)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.42)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.82,60.47)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>是控制信号,<我>R</我>代表总外部阻力,<我>l</我>代表总外电感,<年代vg height="14.375" id="M49" style="vertical-align:-3.24037pt;width:20.5625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 20.5625 14.375" width="20.5625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.5)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.7,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>代表总内在参与栅电路的寄生电阻,<年代vg height="14.375" id="M50" style="vertical-align:-3.24037pt;width:20.0625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 20.0625 14.375" width="20.0625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.5)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.1,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>代表总内在参与栅电路的寄生电感,<年代vg height="14.4625" id="M51" style="vertical-align:-3.24037pt;width:19.487499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 19.487499 14.4625" width="19.487499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.4625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.43)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.71)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.56,60.58)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>代表总内在参与栅电路的寄生电容。在大多数情况下,外部组件的门电路是固定的。因此,栅电压的变化主要是由内在元素的变化。本文的目的是提取前兆信息从开始的栅电压的变化阶段的刺激过程。</pgydF4y2Ba> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig6"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig6"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="309789.fig.006" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/apec/volume-2012/309789/figures/309789.fig.006.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图6</年代p一个n> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/apec/2012/309789/fig6/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> 一个简化的IGBT的栅极驱动电路。</t一个ble> </div> </div> </div> <h4 id="approximate-entropy-theory-and-defects-diagnosis">3所示。近似熵理论和缺陷诊断</h4gydF4y2Ba> <p>从上述分析,很明显,栅电压的变化在刺激过程的开始阶段与内部缺陷紧密耦合的IGBT模块。这变化可作为前体参数制定IGBT缺陷的诊断方法。然而,感应门电压转换器操作期间可能受到许多不确定因素,如噪音,这可能对诊断结果的影响。克服这个限制,基于近似熵理论,提出了诊断方法。</pgydF4y2Ba> <h5 id="sec3.1">3.1。ApEn理论</h5gydF4y2Ba> <p>ApEn由统计数据,并用于量化系统的复杂性和不可预测性的数量变化的时间序列数据,计算需求下降的优势,小样本数据,低噪音的影响(<一个href=”#B20">20.</一个>]。的定义和算法介绍了大门的ApEn电压以下。<年代p一个ncl一个年代年代=”l我年代t”><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label">(1)</年代p一个n><span class="list-content">给定一个时间序列的栅电压数据<我>U</我>=<年代vg height="14.775" id="M52" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:75.837502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 75.837502 14.775" width="75.837502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.775)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.18)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> {</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.00144" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-60.02,60.32)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-56.8,63.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.2012482" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.565515" y="0"> ∈</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.605904" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.245956" y="0"> }</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>从等距的测量时间。的值<年代vg height="10.325" id="M53" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:14.8375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 14.8375 10.325" width="14.8375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>介绍了时间序列的长度。</年代p一个n></span><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label">(2)</年代p一个n><span class="list-content">修复<我>m < N</我>一个整数,<我>r</我>,一个正实数。的值<年代vg height="7.1374998" id="M54" style="vertical-align:-0.10033pt;width:11.225px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.225 7.1374998" width="11.225" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.1375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-66.29)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>介绍了运行的数据相比,长度和<年代vg height="7.0124998" id="M55" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:6.5px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 6.5 7.0124998" width="6.5" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.0125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-66.39)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>提出了一种容忍的水平。通常会选择<我>米</我>= 2,<我>r</我>= 0.1 ~ 0.2<我>SD (U)</我>,<我>SD (U)</我>的标准偏差<我>U</我>。</年代p一个n></span><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label">(3)</年代p一个n><span class="list-content">形成一个向量序列<年代vg height="13.45" id="M56" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:232.96249px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 232.96249 13.45" width="232.96249" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.45)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-67.78,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.340701" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.38109" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.544588" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.471012" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.63451" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="43.522942" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="47.686443" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="52.900192" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="58.826614" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="62.990112" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="69.654213" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="80.994431" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="87.245934" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="91.409431" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="96.623184" y="0"> …</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="111.20168" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="116.41544" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="122.34186" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="126.50536" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="133.16945" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="144.50967" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="156.17497" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="167.5152" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="173.76669" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="177.93019" y="0"> ]</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,在<年代vg height="11.2" id="M57" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:25.2875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 25.2875 11.2" width="25.2875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.2)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.04)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-67.78,63.09)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-58.53,68.09)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,真正的<我>米</我>维空间。</年代p一个n></span><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label">(4)</年代p一个n><span class="list-content">定义为每一个<年代vg height="12.8875" id="M58" style="vertical-align:-1.76814pt;width:130.46249px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 130.46249 12.8875" width="130.46249" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.8875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.69)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="3.888433" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.0896807" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.453947" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.494337" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.209167" y="0"> ∼</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="50.249557" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="63.665276" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="75.017998" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="86.670799" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="98.011017" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,<年代p一个ncl一个年代年代=”equation" id="EEq3"> <svg height="34.9375" id="M59" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 34.9375" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,34.9375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-44.05)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,66.03,55.06)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,75.42,60.06)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="-1" y="8.7600002"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,84.22,55.06)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="179.78999" y="-8.3100004"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="235.32001" y="-8.3100004"> ]</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.2647228" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.891554" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.129999" y="-8.3599997"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.293499" y="-8.3599997"> n</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.544998" y="-8.3599997"> u</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="46.796497" y="-8.3599997"> 米</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="56.523834" y="-8.3599997"> b</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="62.775333" y="-8.3599997"> e</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="68.326668" y="-8.3599997"> r</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="76.653664" y="-8.3599997"> o</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="82.905167" y="-8.3599997"> f</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="91.232162" y="-8.3599997"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="100.19682" y="-8.3599997"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="104.36031" y="-8.3599997"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="109.97416" y="-8.3599997"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="120.38916" y="-8.3599997"> 年代</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="125.25282" y="-8.3599997"> u</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="131.50432" y="-8.3599997"> c</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="136.86812" y="-8.3599997"> h</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="147.27061" y="-8.3599997"> t</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="150.84647" y="-8.3599997"> h</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="157.09796" y="-8.3599997"> 一个</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="162.64929" y="-8.3599997"> t</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="170.30113" y="-8.3599997"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="183.95" y="-8.3500004"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="192.90215" y="-8.3500004"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="197.06564" y="-8.3500004"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="200.95409" y="-8.3500004"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="207.20558" y="-8.3500004"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="212.41933" y="-8.3500004"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="221.37148" y="-8.3500004"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="225.53497" y="-8.3500004"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="231.14882" y="-8.3500004"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="242.96001" y="-8.3500004"> ≤</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="254.98788" y="-8.3500004"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="260.08911" y="-8.3500004"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 114.35,58.18 234.13,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,200.25,46.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="149.42999" y="-8.75"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.579218" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.919439" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.572235" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="51.912457" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="58.163956" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="273.87" y="-8.5900002"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="278.03351" y="-8.5900002"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="284.285" y="-8.5900002"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span>在那里,<年代vg height="16.137501" id="M60" style="vertical-align:-4.37273pt;width:356.57501px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 356.57501 16.137501" width="356.57501" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.1375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-59.09)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.6515961" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.815095" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.691746" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.855244" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.743677" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.907175" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.108425" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="41.985073" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="46.148575" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="51.012241" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="55.175739" y="0"> ]</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="62.815071" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="74.855461" y="0"> 米</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="84.582794" y="0"> 一个</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="90.134125" y="0"> x</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,28.61,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.7435842" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.738704" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="15.114704" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="17.302704" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="21.678703" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="23.866705" y="0"> …</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="32.618706" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="34.806705" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,70.13,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> |</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.6640992" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.590521" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.754021" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.405617" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.758339" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="44.310631" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="55.650852" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="61.902351" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="68.841515" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="80.194244" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="86.120667" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="90.284164" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="97.923492" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="109.26372" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="118.81601" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="130.15623" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="136.40773" y="0"> |</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="138.90833" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。</年代p一个n></span><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label">(5)</年代p一个n><span class="list-content">定义<年代vg height="20.137501" id="M61" style="vertical-align:-3.86842pt;width:278.28751px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 278.28751 20.137501" width="278.28751" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,20.1375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-55.89)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,59.8)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> Φ</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.41,64.8)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-55.7,59.8)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.2647228" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.891554" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.931942" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.09544" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="46.511162" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="57.863884" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="69.516678" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="80.856903" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="87.108398" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,35.58,64.97)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.99512" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,48.53,59.78)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ∑</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,59.96,66.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="7.4479518" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="13.443072" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="19.656992" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="25.652111" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="9.9300003"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="9.9300003"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.7169924" y="9.9300003"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,92.57,59.8)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> l</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="3.4758339" y="0"> o</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.727334" y="0"> g</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.142332" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.305832" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,126.27,64.8)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="-1" y="8.7600002"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,132.98,59.8)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.2647228" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.428222" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。</年代p一个n></span><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label">(6)</年代p一个n><span class="list-content">形式<年代vg height="14.1875" id="M62" style="vertical-align:-0.33858pt;width:64.775002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 64.775002 14.1875" width="64.775002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.1875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.65)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,61.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.340701" y="0"> ∈</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.38109" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-37.31,66.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.2139201" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="12.20904" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,重复<年代vg height="13.45" id="M63" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:18.35px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 18.35 13.45" width="18.35" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.45)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> 4</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>~<年代vg height="13.6375" id="M64" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:18.35px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 18.35 13.6375" width="18.35" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.6375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.09)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> 5</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,获得<年代vg height="16.5375" id="M65" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:50.1875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 50.1875 16.5375" width="50.1875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.5375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-58.77)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,61.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> Φ</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.41,66.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.2139201" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="12.20904" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-45.33,61.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.2647228" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。</年代p一个n></span><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label">(7)</年代p一个n><span class="list-content">近似熵定义为<年代p一个ncl一个年代年代=”equation" id="EEq4"> <svg height="18.4625" id="M66" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 18.4625" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,18.4625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-57.23)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,117.17,61.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 一个</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.0271664" y="0"> p</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.278666" y="0"> E</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.917999" y="0"> n</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.2575" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.420998" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="44.29813" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="49.499378" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="54.600601" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="59.81435" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="71.579674" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="79.219009" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="91.246895" y="0"> Φ</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,217.97,66.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.2139201" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="12.20904" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,237.14,61.04)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.2647228" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.191385" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.544109" y="0"> Φ</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,274.23,66.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,283.02,61.04)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.2647228" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.50372" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="191.10001" y="-0.44999999"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="195.2635" y="-0.44999999"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="201.515" y="-0.44999999"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></span></span></span></p> <h5 id="sec3.2">3.2。交叉ApEn栅电压由ApEn理论</h5gydF4y2Ba> <p>为了区分栅电压数据采样在生命周期的不同阶段,该算法对交叉ApEn也提供。<年代p一个ncl一个年代年代=”l我年代t”><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label">(1)</年代p一个n><span class="list-content">鉴于栅电压的一个时间序列数据<我>U</我>=<年代vg height="14.775" id="M67" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:73.224998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 73.224998 14.775" width="73.224998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.775)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.18)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> {</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.00144" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-60.02,60.32)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-56.8,63.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.2012482" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.565515" y="0"> ∈</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.605904" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.245956" y="0"> }</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>从时间的测量等距的引用和另一个<我>V</我>=<年代vg height="14.775" id="M68" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:71.125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 71.125 14.775" width="71.125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.775)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.18)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> {</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.00144" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-59.62,60.32)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-56.4,63.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.2012482" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.565515" y="0"> ∈</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.605904" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.245956" y="0"> }</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>实时样本。的值<年代vg height="10.325" id="M69" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:14.8375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 14.8375 10.325" width="14.8375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>介绍了时间序列的长度。</年代p一个n></span><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label">(2)</年代p一个n><span class="list-content">修复<我>m < N</我>一个整数,<我>r</我>,一个正实数。的值<年代vg height="7.1374998" id="M70" style="vertical-align:-0.10033pt;width:11.225px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.225 7.1374998" width="11.225" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.1375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-66.29)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>介绍了运行的数据相比,长度和<年代vg height="7.0124998" id="M71" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:6.5px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 6.5 7.0124998" width="6.5" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.0125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-66.39)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>提出了一种容忍的水平。通常会选择<我>米</我>= 2,<我>r</我>= 0.1 ~ 0.2<我>浸(U</我>,<我>V)</我>,<我>浸(U</我>,<我>V)</我>的协方差<年代vg height="10.5375" id="M72" style="vertical-align:-0.16302pt;width:12.8625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 12.8625 10.5375" width="12.8625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.5375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.57)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<我>V</我>。</年代p一个n></span><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label">(3)</年代p一个n><span class="list-content">形成一个向量序列<年代vg height="13.45" id="M73" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:238.175px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 238.175 13.45" width="238.175" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.45)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-67.78,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.340701" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.38109" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.544588" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.471012" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.63451" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="43.522942" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="47.686443" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="52.900192" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="58.826614" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="62.990112" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="69.654213" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="80.994431" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="87.245934" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="91.409431" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="100.78668" y="0"> …</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="115.37769" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="120.57893" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="126.50536" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="130.66885" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="137.34546" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="148.68567" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="160.33847" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="171.6787" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="177.93019" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="182.09369" y="0"> ]</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,在<年代vg height="11.2" id="M74" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:25.2875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 25.2875 11.2" width="25.2875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.2)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.04)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-67.78,63.09)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-58.53,68.09)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,真正的<我>米</我>维空间。</年代p一个n></span><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label">(4)</年代p一个n><span class="list-content">形成一个向量序列<年代vg height="13.45" id="M75" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:235.6875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 235.6875 13.45" width="235.6875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.45)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-67.78,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.152436" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.192825" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.356323" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.682842" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.84634" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.734776" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="44.898273" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="50.112022" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="56.438541" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="60.602039" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="67.266144" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="78.606361" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="84.857864" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="89.021362" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="98.398613" y="0"> …</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="112.98961" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="118.19086" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="124.51738" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="128.68088" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="135.35748" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="146.69769" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="158.35049" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="169.69072" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="175.94221" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="180.10571" y="0"> ]</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,在<年代vg height="11.2" id="M76" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:22.6875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 22.6875 11.2" width="22.6875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.2)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.04)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-69.87,63.09)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-60.61,68.09)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,真正的<我>米</我>维空间。</年代p一个n></span><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label">(5)</年代p一个n><span class="list-content">定义为每一个<年代vg height="9.9250002" id="M77" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt;width:4.9875002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 4.9875002 9.9250002" width="4.9875002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,9.925)"> <g transform="translate(72,-64.06)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,<年代vg height="11.325" id="M78" style="vertical-align:-0.51414pt;width:119.0875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 119.0875 11.325" width="119.0875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.94)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.3517642" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.392153" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.119488" y="0"> ∼</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="41.159878" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="54.575596" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="65.915817" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="77.568611" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="88.908836" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,<年代p一个ncl一个年代年代=”equation" id="EEq5"> <svg height="34.9375" id="M79" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 34.9375" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,34.9375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-44.05)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,66.71,55.06)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,76.1,60.06)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="-1" y="8.7600002"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,84.89,55.06)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="179.12" y="-8.3100004"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="233.98" y="-8.3100004"> ]</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.2647228" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.891554" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.139999" y="-8.3599997"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.303497" y="-8.3599997"> n</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.555" y="-8.3599997"> u</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="46.806499" y="-8.3599997"> 米</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="56.533833" y="-8.3599997"> b</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="62.785332" y="-8.3599997"> e</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="68.336662" y="-8.3599997"> r</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="76.663666" y="-8.3599997"> o</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="82.915161" y="-8.3599997"> f</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="91.242165" y="-8.3599997"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="99.531647" y="-8.3599997"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="103.69515" y="-8.3599997"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="109.309" y="-8.3599997"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="119.72399" y="-8.3599997"> 年代</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="124.58766" y="-8.3599997"> u</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="130.83916" y="-8.3599997"> c</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="136.20294" y="-8.3599997"> h</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="146.60544" y="-8.3599997"> t</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="150.1813" y="-8.3599997"> h</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="156.4328" y="-8.3599997"> 一个</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="161.98413" y="-8.3599997"> t</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="169.62347" y="-8.3599997"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="183.28" y="-8.3500004"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="192.23215" y="-8.3500004"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="196.39565" y="-8.3500004"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="200.28407" y="-8.3500004"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="206.53558" y="-8.3500004"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="211.74933" y="-8.3500004"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="220.02632" y="-8.3500004"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="224.18982" y="-8.3500004"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="229.80367" y="-8.3500004"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="241.62" y="-8.3500004"> ≤</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="253.64789" y="-8.3500004"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="258.74911" y="-8.3500004"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 115.03,58.18 232.78,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,200.25,46.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="148.75" y="-8.75"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.579218" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.919439" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.572235" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="51.912457" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="58.163956" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="273.87" y="-8.5900002"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="278.03351" y="-8.5900002"> 4</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="284.285" y="-8.5900002"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></span></span></span>在那里,<年代vg height="16.137501" id="M80" style="vertical-align:-4.37273pt;width:358.71249px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 358.71249 16.137501" width="358.71249" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.1375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-59.09)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-67.78,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.6515961" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.815095" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.691746" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.855244" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.743677" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.907175" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.108425" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="41.309914" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.473412" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="50.337078" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="54.500576" y="0"> ]</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="62.139912" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="74.180298" y="0"> 米</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="83.907631" y="0"> 一个</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="89.458961" y="0"> x</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,32.1,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.7435842" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.738704" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="15.114704" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="17.302704" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="21.678703" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="23.866705" y="0"> …</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="32.618706" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,71.43,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> |</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.6640992" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.590521" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.754021" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.418119" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.758339" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="44.310631" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="55.650852" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="61.902351" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="68.854019" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="80.194244" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="86.52076" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="90.684258" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="98.323593" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="109.66381" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="119.22861" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="130.56883" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="136.82033" y="0"> |</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="139.32092" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。<年代p一个ncl一个年代年代=”l我年代t”><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label">(6)</年代p一个n><span class="list-content">定义<年代vg height="20.137501" id="M81" style="vertical-align:-3.86842pt;width:280.88751px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 280.88751 20.137501" width="280.88751" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,20.1375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-55.89)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,59.8)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> Φ</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.41,64.8)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-55.7,59.8)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.2647228" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.891554" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.931942" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.09544" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="46.511162" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="57.863884" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="69.516678" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="80.856903" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="87.108398" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,35.58,64.97)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.99512" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,48.53,59.78)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ∑</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,59.96,66.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="7.4479518" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="13.443072" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="19.656992" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="25.652111" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="9.9300003"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="9.9300003"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.7169924" y="9.9300003"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,92.57,59.8)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> l</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="3.4758339" y="0"> o</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.727334" y="0"> g</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.230333" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.393833" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,128.36,64.8)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="-1" y="8.7600002"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,135.07,59.8)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.2647228" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.428222" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。</年代p一个n></span><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label">(7)</年代p一个n><span class="list-content">形式<年代vg height="14.1875" id="M82" style="vertical-align:-0.33858pt;width:64.775002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 64.775002 14.1875" width="64.775002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.1875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.65)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,61.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.340701" y="0"> ∈</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.38109" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-37.31,66.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.2139201" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="12.20904" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,重复<年代vg height="13.6375" id="M83" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:55.962502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 55.962502 13.6375" width="55.962502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.6375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.09)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> 4</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.041828" y="0"> ∼</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.082218" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.245716" y="0"> 5</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.497215" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,获得<年代vg height="16.5375" id="M84" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:50.1875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 50.1875 16.5375" width="50.1875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.5375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-58.77)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,61.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> Φ</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.41,66.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.2139201" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="12.20904" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-45.33,61.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.2647228" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。</年代p一个n></span><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label">(8)</年代p一个n><span class="list-content">交叉ApEn定义为<年代p一个ncl一个年代年代=”equation" id="EEq6"> <svg height="18.4625" id="M85" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 18.4625" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,18.4625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-57.23)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,113.11,61.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> C</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.1394529" y="0"> 一个</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.166618" y="0"> p</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.418119" y="0"> E</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.057451" y="0"> n</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.384449" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="43.547951" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="52.425079" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="57.626328" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="62.727551" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="67.941299" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="79.706627" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="87.345955" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="99.386345" y="0"> Φ</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,222.04,66.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.2139201" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="12.20904" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,241.21,61.04)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.2647228" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.191385" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.544109" y="0"> Φ</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,278.3,66.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,287.09,61.04)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.2647228" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.50372" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="187.03" y="-0.44999999"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="191.1935" y="-0.44999999"> 5</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="197.44499" y="-0.44999999"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></span></span></span></p> <h5 id="sec3.3">3.3。样本的栅电压</h5gydF4y2Ba> <p>的时间间隔<年代vg height="13.05" id="M86" style="vertical-align:-3.25793pt;width:11.1125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.1125 13.05" width="11.1125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.05)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.56)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.86)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-68.04,61.74)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>来<年代vg height="12.8875" id="M87" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:11.1125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.1125 12.8875" width="11.1125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.8875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.69)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.86)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-68.04,61.74)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>如图<一个href=”http年代://www.newsama.com/journals/apec/2012/309789/fig5/" target="_blank">5</一个>是很短的。一般来说,这个时间间隔小于1<我>μ</我>年代,但最高采样率的模拟-数字转换器以合理的价格大约是125米。这意味着一个数据采集是不足以进行ApEn的算法和交叉ApEn如图<一个href=”http年代://www.newsama.com/journals/apec/2012/309789/fig7/" target="_blank">7</一个>。</pgydF4y2Ba> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig7"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig7"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="309789.fig.007" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/apec/volume-2012/309789/figures/309789.fig.007.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图7</年代p一个n> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/apec/2012/309789/fig7/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> 门的一个数据采集的电压。</t一个ble> </div> </div> </div> <p>绕过这个限制,一个连续的循环次数的栅电压测量和重组一个示例如图<一个href=”http年代://www.newsama.com/journals/apec/2012/309789/fig8/" target="_blank">8</一个>在这种情况下10个周期。</pgydF4y2Ba> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig8"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig8"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="309789.fig.008" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/apec/volume-2012/309789/figures/309789.fig.008.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图8</年代p一个n> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/apec/2012/309789/fig8/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> 栅电压的一个示例。</t一个ble> </div> </div> </div> <h4 id="valiadation-and-discussion">4所示。Valiadation和讨论</h4gydF4y2Ba> <h5 id="sec4.1">4.1。验证</h5gydF4y2Ba> <p>为了检验本文中提供的诊断方法,测试平台是建立在实验室,如图<一个href=”http年代://www.newsama.com/journals/apec/2012/309789/fig9/" target="_blank">9</一个>。一个特别发现2 mbi150u4h - 170 IGBT模块提供的富士如图<一个href=”http年代://www.newsama.com/journals/apec/2012/309789/fig1/" target="_blank">1</一个>包括,加上电源(安捷伦6813 b),控制董事会,门驱动器和示波器(TDS5104B)。电感负载300Ω电阻在系列<我>μ</我>H电感和开关频率的测试设备(DUT) 10 kHz, TDS5104B的采样率设置为125 MS / s,以大约相同的一个模拟-数字转换器的速度从ADI ad9600abcpz - 125。两个级别的键合线发射模拟缺陷,第一个是三个键连接在DUT升空,另一个是芯片故障,即六债券电线相连的发射器芯片内部的一个DUT都发射,如图<一个href=”http年代://www.newsama.com/journals/apec/2012/309789/fig4/" target="_blank">4</一个>。实验结果如下所示。这里,在健康状态是栅电压数据作为参考。</pgydF4y2Ba> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig9"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig9"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="309789.fig.009" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/apec/volume-2012/309789/figures/309789.fig.009.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图9</年代p一个n> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/apec/2012/309789/fig9/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> 一个测试平台建立核查。</t一个ble> </div> </div> </div> <p>从实验结果的详细数据<一个href=”http年代://www.newsama.com/journals/apec/2012/309789/fig10/" target="_blank">10</一个>和<一个href=”http年代://www.newsama.com/journals/apec/2012/309789/fig11/" target="_blank">11</一个>,很明显,部分债券电线故障贡献栅电压的变化。这是因为债券线的寄生电感和电阻的值非常小,所以他们不扮演重要角色在决定门电压,如图<一个href=”http年代://www.newsama.com/journals/apec/2012/309789/fig10/" target="_blank">10</一个>。但是,芯片失败后,可以发现显著变化如图<一个href=”http年代://www.newsama.com/journals/apec/2012/309789/fig10/" target="_blank">10</一个>和<一个href=”http年代://www.newsama.com/journals/apec/2012/309789/fig11/" target="_blank">11</一个>ApEn模型,相应的推理结果也表明,大门的十字ApEn电压有一个非凡的改变,从0.189到0.457,比较部分接合线故障,刚从0.167到0.189的变化如表所示<一个href=”http年代://www.newsama.com/journals/apec/2012/309789/tab1/" target="_blank">1</一个>。虽然结果表明,大门的ApEn电压变化与缺陷,这种趋势不明显。因此,十字架ApEn栅电压会更好的缺陷诊断。由于大量的芯片一个IGBT模块在高功率情况下,一个或两个芯片故障不会导致整个模块的灾难性故障,换句话说,IGBT模块仍然是可操作的,事故后检测方法可能不会在这里工作。因此,本文提出的方法可以被视为prefault检测,使运营商有机会取代有缺陷的模块,避免突然崩溃,和维护也可以预定。</pgydF4y2Ba> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="tab1"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-tab1"> <table class="table-group" id="tab1"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <table class="table"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="3"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr class="thead"> <td align="left">缺陷等级</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">ApEn</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">CApEn</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="3"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">没有失败</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.163</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.167</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">连接失败</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.284</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.189</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">芯片失败</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.231</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.457</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr class="table-tr"> <td colspan="3"> <hr class="tbody-hr"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">表1</年代p一个n> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/apec/2012/309789/tab1/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> 预测的结果。</gydF4y2Badiv> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig10"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig10"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="309789.fig.0010" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/apec/volume-2012/309789/figures/309789.fig.0010.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图10</年代p一个n> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/apec/2012/309789/fig10/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> 刺激波形的栅电压根据不同的状态。</t一个ble> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig11"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig11"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="309789.fig.0011" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/apec/volume-2012/309789/figures/309789.fig.0011.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图11</年代p一个n> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/apec/2012/309789/fig11/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> 详细的栅电压波形根据不同的状态。</t一个ble> </div> </div> </div> <h4 id="conclusion">5。结论</h4gydF4y2Ba> <p>提出一个ApEn-based方法监测缺陷一个IGBT模块使用栅电压开始状态。这种方法可以被看作是prefault检测,能够准确地检测芯片缺陷的IGBT模块,这可能导致其它芯片当前和整个模块损坏。方法会给足够的时间为运营商更换有缺陷的IGBT模块。提供实验结果验证该方法的有效性。是希望改善电源转换器的操作可靠性。未来的工作应该考虑在线收购门电压,等等。</pgydF4y2Ba> <h4 id="acknowledgments">确认</h4gydF4y2Ba> <p>这项工作是支持部分由中国国际科技合作项目(ISTCP)批准号2010 dfa72250,部分由中国国家自然科学基金批准号51077137。此外,作者要感谢富士电气设备科技香港有限公司,有限公司免费开放的样品。</pgydF4y2Ba> </div> <div class="xml-content"> <h4 class="references" id="references">引用</h4gydF4y2Ba> 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Diebolt&publication_year=1994" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li> </ol> </div> <div class="xml-content"> <h4 class="copyright" id="copyright">版权</h4gydF4y2Ba> <p>版权©2012盛奇周et al。这是一个开放的访问分布在条<一个rel=”l我cen年代e”href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/">知识共享归属许可</一个>,它允许无限制的使用、分配和复制在任何媒介,提供最初的工作是正确引用。</pgydF4y2Ba> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> <div class="biblio__Wrapper-sc-1nou1lz-0 eyHfWh journal_article__BiblioIntegratorWidget-sc-12fk6zy-5 dbAANp article_widget biblioWrapper hide"> <hr> <h4 class="biblio__H4-sc-1nou1lz-2 kgAKHb hrTitleRef">更多相关文章</h4gydF4y2Ba> <div id="biblio_widget" class="biblio__BiblioWrapper-sc-1nou1lz-1 fWXqGk"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="threeColumn__RightWrapper-sc-1bf4078-2 jzTMLK rightWrapper" id="rightSectionMenu"> <div> <div class="journal_article__ArticleStickyTopToolbar-sc-12fk6zy-0 gbrQxi article_sticky_top_toolbar"> <div class="sc-dxZgTM lwEtq article_top_toolbar"> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-gFaPwZ hoOvRq 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src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="24"><span class="text">引用</年代p一个n></span><span class="sc-htoDjs bqeMOy sc-jzgbtB bcxtxQ fileArrow icon-colored _3P4iUn1NDM5G77nWCamJ4l icon-themeable" title="" font-size="20"></span></a> </div> </div> <div class="journal_article__ArticleStickyBottomToolbar-sc-12fk6zy-1 isgRZA article_sticky_bottom_toolbar"> <div class="sc-drKuOJ cBpQvD article_bottom_toolbar"> <div class="sc-gRnDUn cZpOzA accordion" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8" id="toolbar__dofNav"> <span><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl sc-cHSUfg prPtb" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="24"><span class="sc-cugefK gzkcXu">下载其他格式</年代p一个n><span class="sc-fnwBNb iaVowO">更多的</年代p一个n></span> <span class="sc-htoDjs bMdQcY sc-cTjmhe jIQcJs icon-colored _1CwL9R82TPl2HxDleeYGDR icon-themeable" title="" font-size="11"></span> </div> <div class="sc-cmjSyW cpuiKr"> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-sdtwF hnolyX open_panel" href="//www.newsama.com/downloads/journals/apec/2012/309789.epub" aria-label="ePub" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"> <div class="sc-iYUSvU jmLwpf"> ePub</gydF4y2Badiv><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl sc-cHSUfg prPtb" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="24"></a> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-sdtwF hnolyX open_panel" href="//www.newsama.com/downloads/journals/apec/2012/309789.xml" aria-label="XML" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"> <div class="sc-iYUSvU jmLwpf"> XML</gydF4y2Badiv><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl sc-cHSUfg prPtb" title="" role="presentation" 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height="24"><span class="sc-cugefK gzkcXu">订单打印副本</年代p一个n><span class="sc-fnwBNb iaVowO">订单</年代p一个n></span><span class="sc-htoDjs kNoiZu sc-cTjmhe jIQcJs right__icon icon-colored _32KP5uexH-Bgs7Kj8Gk1Tz icon-themeable" title="" font-size="16"></span></a> <div class="sc-cBdUnI blbVzE"> <div class="sc-exkUMo bzUZma"> <div> 的观点<年代p一个n>1850年</年代p一个n> </div> <div> 下载<年代p一个n>1060年</年代p一个n> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sc-kcDeIU eatOFG"> <span class="__dimensions_badge_embed__" data-doi="10.1155/2012/309789" data-style="small_circle"></span>引用</gydF4y2Badiv> </div> </div> <nav class="sc-Rmtcm hZsedb sc-iNhVCk gOltjj" id="toolbar__iconNav"> <h3 class="sc-csuQGl idXHYp">分享文章</h3gydF4y2Ba> <ul class="sc-bRBYWo keayzM"> <li class="iconBorder"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link" href="https://twitter.com/share?url=https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/309789&via=Hindawi" aria-label="Sharing on Twitter" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl socialTwitter" title="" 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