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no-repeat 6px;background-position:center;margin-top:10px;min-width:55px;display:none;} @media (min-width:768px){.gtIExW .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .expand_btn{display:none;}} .gtIExW .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-text{-webkit-flex:9;-ms-flex:9;flex:9;text-align:left;padding:21px 37px 10px 0px;font-size:16px;font-weight:700;} @media (min-width:768px){.gtIExW .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-text{padding:19px 18px 10px 18px;}} @media (min-width:992px){.gtIExW .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-text{padding:19px 21px 10px 21px;}} .gtIExW .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption 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no-repeat 6px;background-position:center;padding:16px 0 16px 0;min-width:62px;max-width:62px;} @media (min-width:768px){.gtIExW .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-partial-url{padding:16px 0 17px 0;min-width:52px;max-width:52px;}} @media (min-width:992px){.gtIExW .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-partial-url{padding:15px 0 17px 0;min-width:60px;max-width:60px;}} .gtIExW .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-partial-url:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;} .gtIExW .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption-text{font-size:14px;padding:0px 18px 17px 22px;} @media (min-width:768px){.gtIExW .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption-text{padding:0px 15px 15px 18px;}} @media (min-width:992px){.gtIExW .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption-text{padding:0px 18px 19px 21px;}} .gtIExW .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption-text figcaption{margin:0;padding:0;} .gtIExW .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption-text svg{max-width:100%;} .gtIExW ol{font-size:16px;padding-left:32px;font-family:STIXGeneral-Regular;line-height:24px;margin:15px 0;} .gtIExW ol li{margin:10px 0;padding-left:10px;word-break:normal;} .gtIExW ol li a{word-break:break-all;} .gtIExW ol li .reflinks{display:block;} .gtIExW ol li .reflinks a{color:#4D8A17;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:pointer;} .gtIExW ol li .reflinks a:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;} .gtIExW ol li .reflinks .sep{color:#000000;} .gtIExW .table-wrapper{width:auto;overflow-x:auto;} .gtIExW .table-wrapper::-webkit-scrollbar{-webkit-appearance:none;width:5px;height:5px;} .gtIExW .table-wrapper::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb{border-radius:5px;background-color:rgba(0,0,0,.5);-webkit-box-shadow:0 0 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src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="24"><span class="text">提交</年代p一个n></年代p一个n><span class="sc-htoDjs kNoiZu sc-dqBHgY cQgXqt fileArrow icon-colored undefined icon-themeable" title="" font-size="16"></span></a> <div class="sc-krDsej ewCAZX hide__submenu journalSubmenuCheck" id="journalnav__submenu"> <button class="sc-itybZL kdvWPs journalSubmenuCheck"><span class="sc-htoDjs gvAGTV sc-fzsDOv hAFFGk journalSubmenuCheck icon-colored _1CwL9R82TPl2HxDleeYGDR icon-themeable" title="" font-size="9"></span></button> </div> <div class="sc-dTdPqK lkWWFY hide__submenu journal__nav__desktop" id="journalnav__submenudesktop"> <div order="0" class="sc-kUaPvJ ehYbwJ"> <div class="sc-gPWkxV legory"></div> <div class="sc-gPWkxV legory"></div> </div> <div class="sc-jVODtj epgILe"></div> <span class="sc-fONwsr kCfRMJ"></span> </div> </nav> </div> <div class="sc-nrwXf byflLi breadcrumb__wrapper journal_article__BreadCrumbStyle-sc-12fk6zy-2 bjwAQR article"> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-eitiEO jXeALb breadCrumb" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jcse/" aria-label="Journal of Control Science and Engineering">控制科学与工程》杂志上</一个>/<gydF4y2Ba一个cl作为年代=”年代c-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-eitiEO jXeALb breadCrumb" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jcse/contents/year/2011/" aria-label="2011">2011年</一个>/<gydF4y2Ba年代p一个ncl作为年代=”年代c-bhlBdH UVThf">文章</年代p一个n></d我v><d我vclass="threeColumn__ThreeColumnWrapper-sc-1bf4078-0 dDyxFF threeColumnWrapper"> <div class="threeColumn__LeftWrapper-sc-1bf4078-1 fkVFlF leftWrapper"> <button type="button" class="sc-eKZiaR dzZrgS section__button " id="sectionButton"><span class="sc-htoDjs diutvq icon__dots dots__detector icon-colored _3n-7Ho7DlfjMlZbrRr9Q4a icon-themeable" title="" font-size="22"></span>文章部分</bgydF4y2Bautton> <div class="sc-bEjcJn jLUVhb static_contents__section_links links__hidden "> <div id="leftSectionMenu" class="sc-cbkKFq prcY sc-bGbJRg dVCLgr left_section_menu"> <p>在这一页上</p><年代p一个ncl作为年代=”年代c-likbZx bBmZJZ grey" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-ePZHVD ewHMLz" href="#abstract" aria-label="">文摘</一个></年代p一个n><年代pan class="sc-likbZx bBmZJZ grey" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-ePZHVD ewHMLz" href="#introduction" aria-label="">介绍</一个></年代p一个n><年代pan class="sc-likbZx bBmZJZ grey" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-ePZHVD ewHMLz" href="#preliminaries" aria-label="">预赛</一个></年代p一个n><年代pan class="sc-likbZx bBmZJZ grey" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-ePZHVD ewHMLz" href="#conclusion" aria-label="">结论</一个></年代p一个n><年代pan class="sc-likbZx bBmZJZ grey" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-ePZHVD ewHMLz" href="#acknowledgments" aria-label="">确认</一个></年代p一个n><年代pan class="sc-likbZx bBmZJZ grey" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-ePZHVD ewHMLz" href="#references" aria-label="">引用</一个></年代p一个n><年代pan class="sc-likbZx bBmZJZ grey" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-ePZHVD ewHMLz" href="#copyright" aria-label="">版权</一个></年代p一个n><年代pan class="sc-likbZx bBmZJZ grey" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-ePZHVD ewHMLz" href="#related-articles" aria-label="">相关文章</一个></年代p一个n></d我v> </div> </div> <div class="threeColumn__ContentWrapper-sc-1bf4078-3 bbzREB contentWrapper"> <div class="threeColumn__Content-sc-1bf4078-4 jknsZc content"> <div class="articleContent__ArticleContentsWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-0 eSvjPB article_contents"> <div class="articleContent__ArticleContentsSectionsWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-1 jntdRu article_contents__sections_wrapper"> <div class="articleContent__ArticleWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-2 hAzjHP"> <div class="sc-chbbiW mBGSe article_header_class"> <p class="sc-kZmsYB bkiEfx article_type">研究文章|<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->开放获取</p><d我vcl作为年代=”年代c-RcBXQ ztvYg article_citation"> 体积<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> 2011年<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> <span class="sc-fZwumE cUsFHx">|</年代p一个n>文章的ID<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> 685261年<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> <span class="sc-fZwumE cUsFHx">|</年代p一个n><一个cl作为年代=”年代c-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-fQejPQ duuwge" href="https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/685261" aria-label="Doi-link">https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/685261</一个></d我v><d我vcl作为年代="sc-LKuAh lcOiDF article_full_citation"> <div class="sc-hzNEM gsmOCv isHide"> <p>Nadia Zanzouri,拉姆齐·本·Messaoud Mekki Ksouri<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> ”<年代p一个ncl作为年代=”一个djust-article-svg-size">不等式约束监测动力系统的在线实现</年代p一个n>”,<gydF4y2Ba!-- --><i>控制科学与工程》杂志上</我>,<ggydF4y2BaydF4y2Ba!-- --> 卷。<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->2011年<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> 文章的ID<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->685261年<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> 9<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->   页面<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> 2011年<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->。<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/685261</p></d我v><button class="sc-hSdWYo etauus sc-iBEsjs kPshFw" color="">显示引用</bgydF4y2Bautton> </div> <h1 class="sc-iRbamj jZOxOO sc-iSDuPN jVSHWt article_title adjust-article-svg-size heading-title">不等式约束监测动力系统的在线实现</h1></d我v><d我vcl作为年代="sc-jrIrqw eHMFfo article_authors"> <hr class="sc-cEvuZC XkrFe hr__author"> <span class=""><b>Nadia Zanzouri</b><一个cl作为年代=”年代c-htpNat bUhGXt link" href="mailto:" aria-label="Mail Option"><span class="sc-htoDjs kNoiZu sc-hjRWVT irNWJI icon-colored _2zt-1j0LmaF8UjTQAM413G icon-themeable" title="" font-size="16"></span></a>,<年代up>1</年代up></span> <span class="">拉姆兹本Messaoud<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<年代up>1</年代up> 和</年代p一个n><年代p一个ncl作为年代="">Mekki Ksouri<年代up>1</年代up></span> <div class="sc-fHxwqH dMuGGA isHide"> <p><sup>1</年代up><span>实验室ACS,电气工程系,国家工程学院的突尼斯,37岁的信箱1002突尼斯瞭望台,突尼斯</年代p一个n></p></d我v> <button class="sc-hSdWYo etauus sc-iQtOjA kfDwZY" color="">显示更多</bgydF4y2Bautton> </div> <div class="articleContent__EditorWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-3 evMkvU"> <div class="articleContent__TextWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-8 fYrLtk"> <b>学术编辑器:</b>gydF4y2Ba里卡多•杜尼娅</d我v><d我vcl作为年代=”一个rt我cleContent__PublicationTimeLineWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-4 fjviok"> <div class="articleContent__PublcationCol-sc-2yl9jy-5 hgKieC notPublished"> <span class="articleContent__PublicationField-sc-2yl9jy-6 cIribm">收到了</年代p一个n><年代p一个ncl作为年代="articleContent__PublicationValue-sc-2yl9jy-7 khHUcu">2010年9月13日</年代p一个n></d我v><d我vclass="articleContent__PublcationCol-sc-2yl9jy-5 hgKieC notPublished"> <span class="articleContent__PublicationField-sc-2yl9jy-6 cIribm">修改后的</年代p一个n><年代p一个ncl作为年代="articleContent__PublicationValue-sc-2yl9jy-7 khHUcu">2011年4月16日</年代p一个n></d我v><d我vclass="articleContent__PublcationCol-sc-2yl9jy-5 hgKieC notPublished"> <span class="articleContent__PublicationField-sc-2yl9jy-6 cIribm">接受</年代p一个n><年代p一个ncl作为年代="articleContent__PublicationValue-sc-2yl9jy-7 khHUcu">2011年6月12日</年代p一个n></d我v><d我vclass="articleContent__PublcationCol-sc-2yl9jy-5 hgKieC isPublished"> <span class="articleContent__PublicationField-sc-2yl9jy-6 cIribm">发表</年代p一个n><年代p一个ncl作为年代="articleContent__PublicationValue-sc-2yl9jy-7 khHUcu">2011年9月14日</年代p一个n></d我v></d我v> </div> <article class="sc-jtRlXQ gtIExW article_body "> <div> <div class="xml-content"> <h4 class="header" id="abstract">文摘</h4><p>gydF4y2Ba摘要故障检测在动力系统状态变量演变受制于不等式约束。后者对应物理限制或安全规范。两种经典剩余一代的方法进行了研究,即平价空间和未知输入观测器方法,并扩展到监控不等式约束。在实际执行过程和实际实现许可验证提出方法的相关性。</p><年代p一个ncl作为年代=”end-abs"></span> <h4 id="introduction">1。介绍</h4><p>gydF4y2Ba故障诊断是现代工业生产中起着至关重要的作用来提高系统的可靠性。这导致了各种各样的基于模型的方法的发展如奇偶空间,observer-based,或参数识别方法<一个href=”#B1">1</一个>,<gydF4y2Ba一个href=”#B2">2</一个>]。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba动力系统通常由州和测量方程模型代表一组等式约束。在许多实际应用,进化是受制于物理定律保持在一个特定的子空间。此外,它通常是必需的,为了安全起见,系统在特定条件下工作。因此,一组不等式约束的发展状态变量在正常(无过错)情况可能添加到状态方程。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba监控实际应用不仅需要故障的检测和隔离,腐败的国家进化,而且不等式约束满足的检查。即使不等式约束监控非常相关的实际应用,它并没有被广泛地研究过了。奇偶空间方法一直在扩展(<一个href=”#B3">3</一个>,<gydF4y2Ba一个href=”#B4">4</一个>),这一目标。提出修改不平等作为等式约束,从而项目扩展的等式约束集在所谓的奇偶空间。这导致产生新的残余信号可能被称为<我>不等式约束残差(IC-residuals)</我>在正常情况下,应该保持积极的态度,成为消极的不平等时损坏。指出缺点,腐败的不等式约束不一定腐败状态方程,从而不能检测到古典残差。在这篇文章中,我们回来第一奇偶空间方法,提出一个替代方法来生成IC-residuals。然后,我们建议使用一个未知输入观测器的目标是检测内部和外部故障。的条件来设计建立了完整或降维观测器。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba本文组织如下:部分<一个href=”#sec2">2</一个>短暂的回忆平价空间方法的原理,及其扩展不等式约束。节<一个href=”#sec3">3</一个>,我们建议设计未知输入观察家估计不等式约束残差。节<一个href=”#sec4">4</一个>,提出了降维观测器。最后,我们的结果显示两种IC-residuals代方法的实际实现一个真正的过程。我们得出结论本文一些言论和我们未来工作的方向。</p><h4我d=”preliminaries">2。预赛</h4><p>gydF4y2Ba考虑动态线性系统描述<年代p一个ncl作为年代=”equation" id="EEq1"> <svg height="41.349998" id="M1" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 41.349998" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,41.35)"> <g transform="translate(72,-38.92)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,134.29,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ̇</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-6.6766019" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="2.2755461" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.439045" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.352484" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.991817" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.032206" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.996857" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="47.949005" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="52.112503" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="56.025944" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="62.977612" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="74.317833" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="83.01992" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="91.021843" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="95.185341" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="99.098778" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="106.05045" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="117.39067" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,259.41,60.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,264.29,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-136.64" y="20.48"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.4772739" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.640773" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.554213" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.805712" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-128.35001" y="20.469999"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-124.1865" y="20.469999"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-120.27306" y="20.469999"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-112.64623" y="20.469999"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-100.60584" y="20.469999"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-92.216331" y="20.469999"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-83.264183" y="20.469999"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-79.100685" y="20.469999"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-75.187241" y="20.469999"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-68.235573" y="20.469999"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-56.895355" y="20.469999"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-47.017986" y="20.469999"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-39.016064" y="20.469999"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-34.852566" y="20.469999"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-30.939127" y="20.469999"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-23.987459" y="20.469999"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-12.647238" y="20.469999"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,259.38,39.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,264.25,42.72)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.4899998" y="-0.0099999998"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.653499" y="-0.0099999998"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.566938" y="-0.0099999998"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.805935" y="-0.0099999998"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="209.87" y="-9.6199999"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="214.03349" y="-9.6199999"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="220.285" y="-9.6199999"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg></span>在哪里<年代vghe我ght=”14。6125” id="M2" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:146.1125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 146.1125 14.6125" width="146.1125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.6125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.31)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,62.57)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.8766499" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.040149" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.953588" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.580418" y="0"> ∈</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.620808" y="0"> ℜ</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-26.39,68.09)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-21.55,62.57)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.3772497" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.303672" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.467171" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.38061" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.183441" y="0"> ∈</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="51.387329" y="0"> ℜ</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,40.77,68.09)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>,<年代vghe我ght=”14。7125” id="M3" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:64.612503px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 64.612503 14.7125" width="64.612503" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.23)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,62.57)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.201488" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.364987" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.278426" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.905256" y="0"> ∈</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.945644" y="0"> ℜ</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-27.07,68.09)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>的状态,输入和输出向量,分别。<年代vghe我ght=”17。1”我d="M4" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:63.337502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 63.337502 17.1" width="63.337502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,17.1)"> <g transform="translate(72,-58.32)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,60.58)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.6515961" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.815095" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.728534" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.355364" y="0"> ∈</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.395752" y="0"> ℜ</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-26.62,66.1)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>代表一个故障信号。在下面几节中,这种断层,腐败状态方程,将资格<我>内部</我>的错。矩阵<年代vghe我ght=”14。4625” id="M5" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:107.675px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 107.675 14.4625" width="107.675" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.4625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.43)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.61)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.9646511" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.329397" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.031487" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.408737" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="44.798248" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="54.175499" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="64.052872" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="73.430122" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,9.22,60.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>,<年代vghe我ght=”14。2375” id="M6" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:15.875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 15.875 14.2375" width="15.875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.2375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.61)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.22,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>已知常数矩阵适当的维度。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba奇偶空间的目的的方法是生成一个残留,会通知我们关于研究系统的状态。这种方法的原理推导出输出<年代vghe我ght=”13。55” id="M7" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:23.174999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 23.174999 13.55" width="23.174999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.55)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.16)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.201488" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.364987" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.278426" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>到订单<年代vghe我ght=”7。1875" id="M8" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt;width:7px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 7 7.1875" width="7" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.1875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-66.25)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>,从而导致以下形式:<年代p一个ncl作为年代=”equation" id="EEq2"> <svg height="15.75" id="M9" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 15.75" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,15.75)"> <g transform="translate(72,-59.4)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,98.24,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.265203" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.428702" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.34214" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.555893" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.057213" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.996376" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="48.336597" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,155.77,60.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,160.11,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.277946" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.441444" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.354883" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.556131" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.057451" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.696785" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="50.737175" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,221.77,60.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,226.11,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.9646511" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.12815" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.04159" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.980755" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.320976" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,269.16,60.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,273.51,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,283.39,60.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,290.35,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.278186" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.779507" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.031006" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="183.77" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="187.9335" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="194.185" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg></span>与<年代p一个ncl作为年代=”equation" id="eq1"> <svg height="460.14999" id="M10" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 460.14999" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,460.15)"> <g transform="translate(72,296.12)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,59.8,18.81)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="49.73" y="-38.080002"> ⎛</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="49.73" y="-26.290001"> ⎜</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="49.73" y="-14.5"> ⎜</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="49.73" y="-2.71"> ⎜</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="49.73" y="9.0799999"> ⎜</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="49.73" y="20.870001"> ⎜</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="49.73" y="32.669998"> ⎜</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="49.73" y="44.389999"> ⎝</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="60.450001" y="-35.639999"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="58.619999" y="14.38"> ⋮</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="55.360001" y="39.380001"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.265203" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.428702" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.34214" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.555893" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.057213" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.684044" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="67.309998" y="-10.63"> ̇</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="60.458355" y="-10.63"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,121.36,-15.57)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9144161" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.765296" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,131.54,56.89)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ⎞</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="11.79"> ⎟</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="23.58"> ⎟</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="35.369999"> ⎟</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="47.16"> ⎟</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="58.950001"> ⎟</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="70.739998"> ⎟</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="82.470001"> ⎠</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="83.580002" y="-7.1054274e-015"> ⎛</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="83.580002" y="11.79"> ⎜</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="83.580002" y="23.58"> ⎜</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="83.580002" y="35.369999"> ⎜</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="83.580002" y="47.16"> ⎜</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="83.580002" y="58.950001"> ⎜</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="83.580002" y="70.739998"> ⎜</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="83.580002" y="82.470001"> ⎝</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="94.300003" y="2.4400001"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="92.330002" y="52.459999"> ⋮</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="89.209999" y="77.459999"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.71" y="38.080002"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.84103" y="38.080002"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.106472" y="38.080002"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="49.269974" y="38.080002"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="53.183411" y="38.080002"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="58.397163" y="38.080002"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="63.898483" y="38.080002"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="71.537811" y="38.080002"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="100.64" y="27.450001"> ̇</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="94.30098" y="27.450001"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,226.67,-15.57)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9144161" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.765296" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,236.85,56.89)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ⎞</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="11.79"> ⎟</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="23.58"> ⎟</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="35.369999"> ⎟</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="47.16"> ⎟</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="58.950001"> ⎟</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="70.739998"> ⎟</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="82.470001"> ⎠</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.71" y="38.080002"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.84103" y="38.080002"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,279.57,15.69)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,286.53,18.82)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.470001" y="-38.07"> ⎛</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.470001" y="-26.280001"> ⎜</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.470001" y="-14.49"> ⎜</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.470001" y="-2.7"> ⎜</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.470001" y="9.0900002"> ⎜</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.470001" y="20.879999"> ⎜</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.470001" y="32.669998"> ⎜</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.470001" y="44.400002"> ⎝</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="49.18" y="-35.630001"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="55.759998" y="-13.35"> ̇</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="49.18" y="-10.62"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="47.950001" y="14.39"> ⋮</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="44.09" y="39.389999"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.278186" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.779507" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.418839" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,338.02,-15.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9144161" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.765296" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,348.2,56.89)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ⎞</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="11.79"> ⎟</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="23.58"> ⎟</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="35.369999"> ⎟</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="47.16"> ⎟</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="58.950001"> ⎟</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="70.739998"> ⎟</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="82.470001"> ⎠</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.71" y="38.080002"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-275.5" y="159.57001"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,83.61,-105.81)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,91.43,-102.68)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.04" y="-38.080002"> ⎛</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.04" y="-26.290001"> ⎜</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.04" y="-14.5"> ⎜</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.04" y="-2.71"> ⎜</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.04" y="9.0900002"> ⎜</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.04" y="20.879999"> ⎜</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.04" y="32.669998"> ⎜</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.04" y="44.400002"> ⎝</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.82" y="-35.630001"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.59" y="14.38"> ⋮</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.84" y="-10.63"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.229513" y="-10.63"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.67" y="39.389999"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.059513" y="39.389999"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,126.45,-137.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,130.8,-64.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ⎞</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="11.79"> ⎟</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="23.58"> ⎟</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="35.369999"> ⎟</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="47.169998"> ⎟</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="58.959999"> ⎟</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="70.75"> ⎟</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="82.480003"> ⎠</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.71" y="38.080002"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.84103" y="38.080002"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,172.82,-105.81)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,180.65,-102.68)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.03" y="-50.580002"> ⎛</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.03" y="-38.630001"> ⎜</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.03" y="-26.68"> ⎜</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.03" y="-14.73"> ⎜</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.03" y="-2.78"> ⎜</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.03" y="9.1700001"> ⎜</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.03" y="21.110001"> ⎜</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.03" y="33.060001"> ⎜</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.03" y="45.009998"> ⎜</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.03" y="56.900002"> ⎝</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.27" y="-48.130001"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="70.578949" y="-48.130001"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="98.635681" y="-48.130001"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="122.97903" y="-48.130001"> ⋯</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="146.48466" y="-48.130001"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.5" y="-23.129999"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.889511" y="-23.129999"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="68.671898" y="-23.129999"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="98.629089" y="-23.129999"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="122.97243" y="-23.129999"> ⋯</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="146.49057" y="-23.129999"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.02" y="1.88"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.409512" y="1.88"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.374165" y="1.88"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="64.904572" y="1.88"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="73.294083" y="1.88"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="96.724709" y="1.88"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="122.981" y="1.88"> ⋯</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="146.48665" y="1.88"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.369999" y="26.879999"> ⋮</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="68.778496" y="26.879999"> ⋮</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="94.234604" y="26.879999"> ⋱</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="122.27883" y="26.879999"> ⋱</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="144.6842" y="26.879999"> ⋮</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.66" y="51.889999"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.049513" y="51.889999"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,215.66,-149.51)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.8508799" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.8459997" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,230.38,-154.57)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="104.92" y="-102.47"> ⎞</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="104.92" y="-90.519997"> ⎟</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="104.92" y="-78.57"> ⎟</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="104.92" y="-66.620003"> ⎟</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="104.92" y="-54.669998"> ⎟</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="104.92" y="-42.720001"> ⎟</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="104.92" y="-30.780001"> ⎟</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="104.92" y="-18.83"> ⎟</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="104.92" y="-6.8800001"> ⎟</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="104.92" y="5.0100002"> ⎠</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="112.63" y="-51.889999"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-119.55" y="82.110001"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.141613" y="0"> ⋯</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.746796" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="47.136311" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="56.10096" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="71.279602" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="79.669113" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="94.847755" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,118.56,-239.81)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,126.38,-236.68)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.04" y="-50.59"> ⎛</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.04" y="-38.639999"> ⎜</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.04" y="-26.690001"> ⎜</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.04" y="-14.74"> ⎜</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.04" y="-2.79"> ⎜</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.04" y="9.1599998"> ⎜</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.04" y="21.110001"> ⎜</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.04" y="33.060001"> ⎜</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.04" y="45.009998"> ⎜</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.04" y="56.900002"> ⎝</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.700001" y="-48.139999"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,167.81,-191.67)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,202.07,-188.54)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.445045" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="59.189201" y="0"> ⋯</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="85.670555" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-46.18" y="25.01"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-37.790485" y="25.01"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,172,-216.67)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,198.89,-213.55)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,206.62,-216.67)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,233.52,-213.55)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.731653" y="0"> ⋯</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="54.213009" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-82.120003" y="25"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-73.730484" y="25"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-64.765839" y="25"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,176.49,-241.68)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,194.7,-238.55)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.389513" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,210.81,-241.68)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,230.34,-238.55)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,238.07,-241.68)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,261.26,-238.55)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ⋯</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.481354" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-99.809998" y="25.01"> ⋮</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-61.000687" y="25.01"> ⋮</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-32.143764" y="25.01"> ⋱</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-0.69871902" y="25.01"> ⋱</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.669868" y="25.01"> ⋮</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-117.22" y="50.02"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-108.83049" y="50.02"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,161.4,-283.51)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.8508799" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.8459997" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,176.12,-288.57)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,183.85,-291.69)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,198.36,-288.57)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ⋯</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.305592" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.695105" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.659756" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,246.75,-291.69)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,257.6,-288.57)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.389513" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,273.72,-291.69)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,284.57,-288.57)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,292.29,-291.69)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,297.17,-186.09)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ⎞</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="11.95"> ⎟</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="23.9"> ⎟</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="35.849998"> ⎟</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="47.799999"> ⎟</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="59.75"> ⎟</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="71.699997"> ⎟</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="83.650002"> ⎟</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="95.599998"> ⎟</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="107.49"> ⎠</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.71" y="50.59"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="176.95" y="-70.900002"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="181.11349" y="-70.900002"> 3</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="187.36501" y="-70.900002"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg></span>未知的变量<年代vghe我ght=”13。45”我d="M11" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:24.025px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 24.025 13.45" width="24.025" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.45)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.8766499" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.040149" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.953588" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>(状态向量)可以消除使用一个投影矩阵<年代vghe我ght=”10。575" id="M12" style="vertical-align:-0.20064pt;width:17.9625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.9625 10.575" width="17.9625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.575)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.54)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>(<一个href=”#B5">5</一个>)如下:<年代p一个ncl作为年代=”equation" id="EEq3"> <svg height="15.75" id="M13" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 15.75" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,15.75)"> <g transform="translate(72,-59.4)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,182.8,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.452748" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,205.16,60.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 年代</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,212.54,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="261.57999" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="265.7435" y="0"> 4</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="271.995" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg></span>的行<年代vghe我ght=”10。575" id="M14" style="vertical-align:-0.20064pt;width:17.9625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.9625 10.575" width="17.9625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.575)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.54)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>定义所谓的奇偶空间。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba上的投影(<一个href=”#EEq2">2</一个>)奇偶空间导致计算形式(<一个href=”#EEq4">5</一个>)和评价形式(<一个href=”#EEq5">6</一个>剩余的<年代vghe我ght=”13。45”我d="M15" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:21.799999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 21.799999 13.45" width="21.799999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.45)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.1012239" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.2647228" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.178162" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>:<年代p一个ncl作为年代=”equation" id="EEq4"> <svg height="19.35" id="M16" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 19.35" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,19.35)"> <g transform="translate(72,-56.52)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,125.95,61.13)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="51.290001" y="2.51"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="57.139999" y="7.1054274e-015"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.1900001" y="-0.0099999998"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.353499" y="-0.0099999998"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.266938" y="-0.0099999998"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.893768" y="-0.0099999998"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.934158" y="-0.0099999998"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="68.410004" y="-0.0099999998"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="72.573502" y="-0.0099999998"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="76.486938" y="-0.0099999998"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="81.688187" y="-0.0099999998"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="87.189507" y="-0.0099999998"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="94.141174" y="-0.0099999998"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="105.48139" y="-0.0099999998"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,240.61,58.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 年代</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,244.51,61.13)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.23" y="2.51"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.28" y="-0.0099999998"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.443499" y="-0.0099999998"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.356937" y="-0.0099999998"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.558186" y="-0.0099999998"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.059505" y="-0.0099999998"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="43.169998" y="7.1054274e-015"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="229.61" y="7.1054274e-015"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="233.7735" y="7.1054274e-015"> 5</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="240.02499" y="7.1054274e-015"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg></span><span class="equation" id="EEq5"> <svg height="15.75" id="M17" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 15.75" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,15.75)"> <g transform="translate(72,-59.4)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,156.87,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.176722" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.25366" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.892994" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.93338" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="46.386131" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,210.98,60.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 年代</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,214.89,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,224.76,60.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,231.72,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.278186" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.779507" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.031006" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="242.39999" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="246.56349" y="0"> 6</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="252.815" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg></span>剩余<年代vghe我ght=”13。45”我d="M18" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:21.799999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 21.799999 13.45" width="21.799999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.45)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.1012239" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.2647228" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.178162" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>计算使用在线输入和输出值(<一个href=”#EEq4">5</一个>)。<年代vghe我ght=”13。45”我d="M19" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:21.799999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 21.799999 13.45" width="21.799999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.45)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.1012239" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.2647228" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.178162" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>将不同于零的一个内部的错吗<年代vghe我ght=”13。45”我d="M20" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:23.737499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 23.737499 13.45" width="23.737499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.45)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.6515961" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.815095" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.728534" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>并在正常还是等于零<年代vghe我ght=”13。45”我d="M21" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:61.349998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 61.349998 13.45" width="61.349998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.45)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.815095" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.978594" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.892033" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.518864" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.559254" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="44.810753" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>的情况。</p><h4gydF4y2Baid="extension-to-dynamical-systems-subject-to-inequality-constraints">3所示。扩展动力系统不等式约束</h4><p>gydF4y2Ba在实际系统中,系统的状态必须保持在一个给定的安全域在正常操作期间。因此,一组不等式约束可以添加如下:<年代p一个ncl作为年代=”equation" id="EEq6"> <svg height="15.75" id="M22" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 15.75" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,15.75)"> <g transform="translate(72,-59.4)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,179.39,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.915119" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.867268" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.030766" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.944204" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.583538" y="0"> ≤</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="47.623928" y="0"> ℎ</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="54.838158" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="294.73001" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="298.89349" y="0"> 7</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="305.14499" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg></span>在哪里<年代vghe我ght=”12。275” id="M23" style="vertical-align:-0.33858pt;width:48.262501px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 48.262501 12.275" width="48.262501" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.275)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.18)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,62.57)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ℎ</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.677562" y="0"> ∈</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.717951" y="0"> ℜ</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-38.3,68.09)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>是一个常数向量(表达了饱和度),<年代vghe我ght=”10。325" id="M24" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:15.175px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 15.175 10.325" width="15.175" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>是一个真正的矩阵的维度<年代vghe我ght=”13。55” id="M25" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:36.875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 36.875 13.55" width="36.875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.55)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.16)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.665539" y="0"> ⋅</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.017063" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.231054" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>,<年代vghe我ght=”13。45”我d="M26" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:24.025px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 24.025 13.45" width="24.025" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.45)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.8766499" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.040149" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.953588" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>状态向量的维度<年代vghe我ght=”7。1374998" id="M27" style="vertical-align:-0.10033pt;width:7.8874998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 7.8874998 7.1374998" width="7.8874998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.1375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-66.29)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba定义以下信号<年代vghe我ght=”13。45”我d="M28" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:23.3375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 23.3375 13.45" width="23.3375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.45)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3265181" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.490017" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.403456" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>作为<年代p一个ncl作为年代=”equation" id="EEq7"> <svg height="15.75" id="M29" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 15.75" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,15.75)"> <g transform="translate(72,-59.4)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,157.72,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.4020157" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.565515" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.478954" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.118286" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.158676" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="44.723232" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="55.638351" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="64.603004" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="68.766502" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="72.679939" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="79.619102" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="90.959328" y="0"> ℎ</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="98.173553" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="316.39999" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="320.56351" y="0"> 8</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="326.815" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg></span>在哪里<年代vghe我ght=”14。6125” id="M30" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:62.450001px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 62.450001 14.6125" width="62.450001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.6125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.31)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,62.57)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3265181" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.490017" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.403456" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.030287" y="0"> ∈</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.070675" y="0"> ℜ</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-26.94,68.09)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>是一个真正的,负的向量。它代表了一个不等式约束有效性的指标(<一个href=”#EEq6">7</一个>)。<年代vghe我ght=”13。45”我d="M31" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:23.3375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 23.3375 13.45" width="23.3375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.45)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3265181" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.490017" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.403456" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>表达它们之间的距离的饱和水平的不等式约束。测试诊断由nonnegativity组件的检查<年代vghe我ght=”13。45”我d="M32" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:23.3375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 23.3375 13.45" width="23.3375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.45)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3265181" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.490017" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.403456" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>(即。,我texist elements<年代vghe我ght=”14。7125” id="M33" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:54.5625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 54.5625 14.7125" width="54.5625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.23)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.62,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.4,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.703768" y="0"> <</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.744158" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>),所以约束条件<年代vghe我ght=”9。9250002" id="M34" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt;width:4.9875002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 4.9875002 9.9250002" width="4.9875002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,9.925)"> <g transform="translate(72,-64.06)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>违反,那么一个报警信号生成一个错误的结果。因此,<年代vghe我ght=”13。45”我d="M35" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:23.3375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 23.3375 13.45" width="23.3375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.45)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3265181" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.490017" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.403456" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>可能被视为一个IC-residual。</p><h5gydF4y2Baid="sec3.1">3.1。奇偶空间方法</h5><p>gydF4y2Ba在[<一个href=”#B3">3</一个>,<gydF4y2Ba一个href=”#B4">4</一个>),作者表明<年代vghe我ght=”13。45”我d="M36" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:23.3375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 23.3375 13.45" width="23.3375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.45)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3265181" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.490017" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.403456" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>可以使用奇偶空间计算的方法。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba平等的约束(<一个href=”#EEq7">8</一个>(添加)<一个href=”#EEq2">2</一个>)获得<年代p一个ncl作为年代=”equation" id="EEq8a"> <svg height="15.75" id="M37" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 15.75" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,15.75)"> <g transform="translate(72,-59.4)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,98.24,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.265203" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.428702" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.34214" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.555893" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.057213" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.996376" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="48.336597" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,155.77,60.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,160.11,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.277946" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.441444" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.354883" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.556131" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.057451" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.696785" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="50.737175" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,221.77,60.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,226.11,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.9646511" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.12815" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.04159" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.980755" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.320976" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,269.16,60.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,273.51,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,283.39,60.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,290.35,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.278186" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.779507" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.031006" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="178.22" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="182.3835" y="0"> 9</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="188.63499" y="0"> 一个</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="194.18633" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg></span><span class="equation" id="EEq8b"> <svg height="15.75" id="M38" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 15.75" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,15.75)"> <g transform="translate(72,-59.4)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,159.81,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.4020157" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.565515" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.478954" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.118286" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.158676" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="44.723232" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="55.638351" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="64.5905" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="68.753998" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="72.667435" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="79.606598" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="90.959328" y="0"> ℎ</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="98.173553" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="308.06" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="312.22351" y="0"> 9</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="318.47501" y="0"> b</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="324.7265" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg></span>考虑下面的投影矩阵<年代vghe我ght=”16。237499" id="M39" style="vertical-align:-4.74141pt;width:20.4125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 20.4125 16.237499" width="20.4125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.2375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-59.01)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-60.5,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>:<年代p一个ncl作为年代=”equation" id="eq2"> <svg height="62.637501" id="M40" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 62.637501" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,62.6375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-21.89)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,95.03,43.82)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,106.48,40.69)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,113.34,56.9)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ⎡</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="10.85"> ⎢</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="21.690001"> ⎢</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="32.48"> ⎣</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.3000002" y="2.45"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,132.55,51.32)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,145.55,54.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,153.28,51.32)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,118.97,29.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.66" y="-27.459999"> ⎤</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.66" y="-16.610001"> ⎥</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.66" y="-5.77"> ⎥</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.66" y="5.02"> ⎦</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.5645552" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.482075" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="47.759998" y="-14.38"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="59.787888" y="-14.38"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="66.039383" y="-14.38"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="81.218025" y="-14.38"> w</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="90.245193" y="-14.38"> 我</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="93.721031" y="-14.38"> t</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="97.296883" y="-14.38"> h</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="107.71188" y="-14.38"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,238.14,40.69)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,246.39,43.82)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.04" y="2.51"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.83" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,274.67,40.69)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.2797279" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,283.82,43.82)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.2892489" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,302.57,40.69)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.2797279" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,311.72,41.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.8800001" y="-2.51"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="156.14999" y="-2.51"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="160.31349" y="-2.51"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="166.565" y="-2.51"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="172.8165" y="-2.51"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg></span> <svg height="16.237499" id="M41" style="vertical-align:-4.74141pt;width:25.887501px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 25.887501 16.237499" width="25.887501" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.2375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-59.01)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-60.5,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.2797279" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>和<年代vghe我ght=”16。237499" id="M42" style="vertical-align:-4.74141pt;width:25.887501px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 25.887501 16.237499" width="25.887501" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.2375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-59.01)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-60.5,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.2797279" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>有适当的维度。使用这个分区:<年代p一个ncl作为年代=”equation" id="eq3"> <svg height="45.037498" id="M43" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 45.037498" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,45.0375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-35.97)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,166.4,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,177.86,60.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.2797279" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,187.01,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,197.92,60.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,205.75,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,229.24,60.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.2797279" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,238.39,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-57.759998" y="22.450001"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.915119" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,192.08,37.63)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.2797279" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,201.24,40.75)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,208.97,37.63)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,216.79,40.75)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="251.08" y="-10.11"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="255.2435" y="-10.11"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="261.495" y="-10.11"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="267.74649" y="-10.11"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg></span>预测(<一个href=”#EEq8a">9</一个>),(<gydF4y2Ba一个href=”#EEq8b">9 b</一个>)使用<年代vghe我ght=”16。237499" id="M44" style="vertical-align:-4.74141pt;width:20.4125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 20.4125 16.237499" width="20.4125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.2375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-59.01)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-60.5,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>导致<年代p一个ncl作为年代=”equation" id="EEq9"> <svg height="16.975" id="M45" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 16.975" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.975)"> <g transform="translate(72,-58.42)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,84.02,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,95.47,60.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.2797279" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,104.63,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.4020157" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.565515" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.478954" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.118286" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.146172" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="44.710728" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,160.8,60.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.2797279" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,169.96,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.265203" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.428702" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.34214" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.555893" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.057213" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.996376" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="48.336597" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,229.76,60.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.2797279" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,238.91,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,248.09,60.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,252.44,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.265443" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.428942" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.342381" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.556131" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.057451" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.996616" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="49.336838" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,313.24,60.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.2797279" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,322.39,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ℎ</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.214231" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="145.48" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="149.64349" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="155.895" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="162.1465" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg></span>和一个获得<年代p一个ncl作为年代=”equation" id="EEq10"> <svg height="21.362499" id="M46" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 21.362499" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,21.3625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-54.91)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,76.01,61.13)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.4099998" y="-0.0099999998"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.573499" y="-0.0099999998"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.486938" y="-0.0099999998"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.113768" y="-0.0099999998"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.154156" y="-0.0099999998"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,126.43,66.14)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="-2.8099999" y="9.5799999"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="1.469728" y="9.5799999"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,135.01,58.62)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.8499999" y="-2.51"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.414555" y="-2.51"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,160.88,58.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.2797279" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,170.04,61.13)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.27" y="-0.0099999998"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.433499" y="-0.0099999998"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.346937" y="-0.0099999998"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.548185" y="-0.0099999998"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.049505" y="-0.0099999998"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.98867" y="-0.0099999998"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="48.341396" y="-0.0099999998"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,229.83,58.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.2797279" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,238.99,61.13)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,248.17,58.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,252.52,61.13)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.27" y="-0.0099999998"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.433498" y="-0.0099999998"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.346937" y="-0.0099999998"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.548185" y="-0.0099999998"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.049505" y="-0.0099999998"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.98867" y="-0.0099999998"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="49.341396" y="-0.0099999998"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,313.31,58.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.2797279" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,322.47,61.13)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ℎ</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.21" y="2.51"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.15" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="145.39999" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="149.56349" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="155.815" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="162.0665" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg></span>在哪里<年代vghe我ght=”20。075001" id="M47" style="vertical-align:-6.19458pt;width:26.075001px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 26.075001 20.075001" width="26.075001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,20.075)"> <g transform="translate(72,-55.94)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,62.16)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-57.68,67.16)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="-2.8199999" y="9.5699997"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="1.459728" y="9.5699997"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>是左伪逆的<年代vghe我ght=”16。237499" id="M48" style="vertical-align:-4.74141pt;width:25.887501px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 25.887501 16.237499" width="25.887501" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.2375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-59.01)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-60.5,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.2797279" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>。所以,<年代vghe我ght=”13。45”我d="M49" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:23.3375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 23.3375 13.45" width="23.3375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.45)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3265181" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.490017" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.403456" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>表示为一个函数已知的变量(输入和输出)。</p><h6gydF4y2Baid="sec3.1.1">3.1.1。代换法设计</h6><p>gydF4y2Ba从(<一个href=”#EEq8a">9</一个>),我们表达的未知状态已知的输入和输出变量。首先,我们消除了向量<年代vghe我ght=”14。6”我d="M50" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:47.25px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 47.25 14.6" width="47.25" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.6)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.32)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.07,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-57.2,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.278186" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.779507" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>的表达式(<一个href=”#EEq8a">9</一个>由投影矩阵)<年代vghe我ght=”14。3625” id="M51" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:19.875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 19.875 14.3625" width="19.875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.51)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-60.5,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>这样<年代p一个ncl作为年代=”equation" id="eq4"> <svg height="15.75" id="M52" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 15.75" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,15.75)"> <g transform="translate(72,-59.4)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,183.56,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,195.01,60.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,199.36,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,207.08,60.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,214.91,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="252.96001" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="257.1235" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="263.375" y="0"> 4</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="269.6265" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg></span> <svg height="14.3625" id="M53" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:19.875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 19.875 14.3625" width="19.875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.51)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-60.5,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>如果存在<年代vghe我ght=”14。825” id="M54" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:131.85001px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 131.85001 14.825" width="131.85001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.825)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.14)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.41)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.8771296" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.040629" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.317616" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.657837" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.909336" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="46.548668" y="0"> ></t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="58.576553" y="0"> r</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="62.740055" y="0"> 一个</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="68.291389" y="0"> n</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="74.542885" y="0"> k</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="84.97039" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="89.133888" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,24.92,60.28)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,29.26,63.41)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ]</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>。我们得到以下方程:<年代p一个ncl作为年代=”equation" id="eq5"> <svg height="19.35" id="M55" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 19.35" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,19.35)"> <g transform="translate(72,-56.52)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,108.76,61.13)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,120.21,58.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,126.65,58.62)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.8499999" y="-2.51"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.120001" y="-2.52"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.283499" y="-2.52"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.196938" y="-2.52"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.398186" y="-2.52"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.899506" y="-2.52"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.851173" y="-2.52"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="54.191395" y="-2.52"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,190.02,58.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,194.37,61.13)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.23" y="2.51"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.28" y="-0.0099999998"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.443499" y="-0.0099999998"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.356937" y="-0.0099999998"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.558186" y="-0.0099999998"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.059505" y="-0.0099999998"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="44.549999" y="7.1054274e-015"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="56.577885" y="7.1054274e-015"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,262.41,58.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,266.76,61.13)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,277.68,58.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 年代</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,281.58,61.13)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.96" y="-0.0099999998"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.123499" y="-0.0099999998"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.036938" y="-0.0099999998"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.275934" y="-0.0099999998"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="186.28999" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="190.45351" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="196.705" y="0"> 5</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="202.9565" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg></span>假设<年代vghe我ght=”14。7125” id="M56" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:69.412498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 69.412498 14.7125" width="69.412498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.23)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-60.5,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-56.15,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-45.23,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 年代</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-37.86,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> Ω</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba如果<年代vghe我ght=”10。6875" id="M57" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:11.75px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.75 10.6875" width="11.75" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.6875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.45)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> Ω</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>是正则矩阵,然后呢<年代p一个ncl作为年代=”equation" id="eq6"> <svg height="19.6875" id="M58" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 19.6875" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,19.6875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-56.25)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,116.59,60.86)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.96" y="-0.0099999998"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.123499" y="-0.0099999998"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.036938" y="-0.0099999998"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.663769" y="-0.0099999998"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.704159" y="-0.0099999998"> Ω</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,162.6,66.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.99512" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,173.47,60.86)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,184.93,57.74)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,191.36,58.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.8499999" y="-2.51"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.120001" y="-2.52"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.283499" y="-2.52"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.196938" y="-2.52"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.410688" y="-2.52"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.91201" y="-2.52"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.851173" y="-2.52"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="54.191395" y="-2.52"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,254.74,57.74)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,259.08,60.86)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.23" y="2.51"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.28" y="-0.0099999998"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.443499" y="-0.0099999998"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.356937" y="-0.0099999998"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.558186" y="-0.0099999998"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.059505" y="-0.0099999998"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="208.78999" y="7.1054274e-015"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="212.95351" y="7.1054274e-015"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="219.205" y="7.1054274e-015"> 6</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="225.4565" y="7.1054274e-015"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg></span>否则<年代p一个ncl作为年代=”equation" id="EEq11"> <svg height="19.35" id="M59" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 19.35" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,19.35)"> <g transform="translate(72,-56.52)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,116.17,61.13)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.96" y="-0.0099999998"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.123499" y="-0.0099999998"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.036938" y="-0.0099999998"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.676271" y="-0.0099999998"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.704159" y="-0.0099999998"> Ω</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,162.19,66.3)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,168.68,61.13)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,180.13,58.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,186.57,58.62)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.8499999" y="-2.51"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.120001" y="-2.52"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.283499" y="-2.52"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.196938" y="-2.52"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.398186" y="-2.52"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.899506" y="-2.52"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.851173" y="-2.52"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="54.191395" y="-2.52"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,249.94,58.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,254.29,61.13)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.23" y="2.51"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.28" y="-0.0099999998"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.443499" y="-0.0099999998"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.356937" y="-0.0099999998"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.558186" y="-0.0099999998"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.059505" y="-0.0099999998"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="43.16" y="7.1054274e-015"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="213.58" y="7.1054274e-015"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="217.7435" y="7.1054274e-015"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="223.995" y="7.1054274e-015"> 7</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="230.24651" y="7.1054274e-015"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg></span>在哪里<年代vghe我ght=”19。7875" id="M60" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:114.9125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 114.9125 19.7875" width="114.9125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,19.7875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-56.17)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,58.43)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> Ω</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.65,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-52.68,58.43)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.191385" y="0"> Ω</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-27.18,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-20.47,58.43)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> Ω</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.3022318" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-7,66.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.99512" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,3.87,58.43)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> Ω</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,13.17,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>左伪逆的<年代vghe我ght=”10。6875" id="M61" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:11.75px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.75 10.6875" width="11.75" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.6875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.45)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> Ω</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba替换<年代vghe我ght=”13。45”我d="M62" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:24.025px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 24.025 13.45" width="24.025" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.45)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.8766499" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.040149" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.953588" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>在((<一个href=”#EEq8b">9 b</一个>),<gydF4y2Ba年代p一个ncl作为年代=”equation" id="EEq12"> <svg height="19.35" id="M63" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 19.35" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,19.35)"> <g transform="translate(72,-56.52)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,96.52,61.13)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.4099998" y="-0.0099999998"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.573499" y="-0.0099999998"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.486938" y="-0.0099999998"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.113768" y="-0.0099999998"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.154156" y="-0.0099999998"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="44.718712" y="-0.0099999998"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="56.759102" y="-0.0099999998"> Ω</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,162.59,66.3)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,169.08,61.13)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,180.54,58.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,186.97,58.62)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.8499999" y="-2.51"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.120001" y="-2.52"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.283499" y="-2.52"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.196938" y="-2.52"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.398186" y="-2.52"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.899506" y="-2.52"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.851173" y="-2.52"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="54.191395" y="-2.52"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,250.34,58.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,254.69,61.13)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.23" y="2.51"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.28" y="-0.0099999998"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.443499" y="-0.0099999998"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.356937" y="-0.0099999998"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.558186" y="-0.0099999998"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.059505" y="-0.0099999998"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="43.860001" y="7.1054274e-015"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="55.200222" y="7.1054274e-015"> ℎ</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="62.414452" y="7.1054274e-015"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="213.17999" y="7.1054274e-015"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="217.34351" y="7.1054274e-015"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="223.595" y="7.1054274e-015"> 8</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="229.8465" y="7.1054274e-015"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg></span>替代方法的优点是IC-residual的评价形式<年代vghe我ght=”13。45”我d="M64" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:23.3375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 23.3375 13.45" width="23.3375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.45)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3265181" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.490017" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.403456" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>不可能获得的投影方法。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba过程在于消除矩阵<年代vghe我ght=”12。9125” id="M65" style="vertical-align:-1.99382pt;width:68.987503px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 68.987503 12.9125" width="68.987503" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.67)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.67)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.7,65.56)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-61.5,63.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 6.25px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 6.25px; " x="4.43892" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 6.25px; " x="6.5208359" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 6.25px; " x="9.2717161" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 6.25px; " x="13.554336" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 6.25px; " x="16.680336" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-38.77,65.56)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.99512" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-26.35,63.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 6.25px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-21.02,63.67)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ]</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>使用一个投影矩阵<年代vghe我ght=”14。375” id="M66" style="vertical-align:-3.24037pt;width:21.5375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 21.5375 14.375" width="21.5375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.5)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-60.5,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>如下:<年代p一个ncl作为年代=”equation" id="EEq13"> <svg height="62.637501" id="M67" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 62.637501" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,62.6375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-21.89)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,86.35,38.9)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.7399998" y="-3.04"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,98.09,38.82)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.2139201" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.128336" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="12.979216" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="18.974337" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="23.350336" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,130.84,41.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.5645552" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,148.58,38.82)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,152.93,38.9)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.8200002" y="-18"> ⎡</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.8200002" y="-7.1500001"> ⎢</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.8200002" y="3.6900001"> ⎢</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.8200002" y="14.48"> ⎣</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="48.669998" y="-18"> ⎤</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="48.669998" y="-7.1500001"> ⎥</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="48.669998" y="3.6900001"> ⎥</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="48.669998" y="14.48"> ⎦</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.95" y="-15.55"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.215202" y="-15.55"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.378702" y="-15.55"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.292141" y="-15.55"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.493389" y="-15.55"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="43.994709" y="-15.55"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.45" y="9.46"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.715443" y="9.46"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.878942" y="9.46"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.792381" y="9.46"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.993629" y="9.46"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="44.494949" y="9.46"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="57.77" y="-4.9200001"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="69.79789" y="-4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,233.65,40.69)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,238,43.82)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.9521484" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.115647" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.029085" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.980755" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.320976" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,281.05,40.69)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,285.4,43.82)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,295.28,40.69)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,302.24,43.82)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.278186" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.779507" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.031006" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="165.63" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="169.7935" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="176.045" y="0"> 9</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="182.29649" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg></span>我们获得<年代vghe我ght=”18。125”我d="M68" style="vertical-align:-4.45413pt;width:157.5px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 157.5 18.125" width="157.5" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,18.125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-57.5)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,61.99)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.8766499" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.040149" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.953588" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.580418" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.620808" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="43.185364" y="0"> Ω</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-19.46,67.16)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="9.5"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-12.96,61.99)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-1.51,58.87)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,4.17,61.99)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,11.9,58.87)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,16.25,61.99)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,26.12,58.87)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,31,61.99)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.278186" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.779507" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>,在那里<年代vghe我ght=”14。725” id="M69" style="vertical-align:-3.24037pt;width:78.737503px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 78.737503 14.725" width="78.737503" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.725)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.22)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> Ω</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.65,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-53.5,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.040389" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-30,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-24.33,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-13.41,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba用<年代vghe我ght=”13。45”我d="M70" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:24.025px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 24.025 13.45" width="24.025" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.45)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.8766499" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.040149" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.953588" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>在方程中<年代vghe我ght=”13。45”我d="M71" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:23.3375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 23.3375 13.45" width="23.3375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.45)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3265181" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.490017" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.403456" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>,<年代p一个ncl作为年代=”equation" id="EEq14"> <svg height="18.125" id="M72" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 18.125" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,18.125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-57.5)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,129.65,61.99)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.4020157" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.565515" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.478954" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.118286" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.158676" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="48.199066" y="0"> Ω</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,187.15,67.16)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="9.5"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,193.65,61.99)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,205.1,58.87)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,210.78,61.99)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,218.51,58.87)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,222.85,61.99)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,232.73,58.87)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,239.69,62)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.278186" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.779507" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.718672" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.071396" y="0"> ℎ</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="44.285625" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="228.17999" y="0.0099999998"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="232.34351" y="0.0099999998"> 2</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="238.595" y="0.0099999998"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="244.8465" y="0.0099999998"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg></span>故障向量<年代vghe我ght=”14。6”我d="M73" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:47.25px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 47.25 14.6" width="47.25" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.6)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.32)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.07,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-57.2,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.278186" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.779507" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>可以表示的输入和输出变量通过消除状态向量投影矩阵<年代vghe我ght=”10。575" id="M74" style="vertical-align:-0.20064pt;width:17.9625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.9625 10.575" width="17.9625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.575)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.54)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>。从(<一个href=”#EEq8a">9</一个>),发现<年代vghe我ght=”10。575" id="M75" style="vertical-align:-0.20064pt;width:17.9625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.9625 10.575" width="17.9625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.575)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.54)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>这样<年代vghe我ght=”14。7125” id="M76" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:60.724998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 60.724998 14.7125" width="60.724998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.23)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.452748" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-49.58,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-41.76,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>:<年代p一个ncl作为年代=”equation" id="eq7"> <svg height="19.35" id="M77" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 19.35" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,19.35)"> <g transform="translate(72,-56.52)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,106.39,61.13)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.35" y="2.51"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.200001" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.470001" y="-0.0099999998"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.633499" y="-0.0099999998"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="41.54694" y="-0.0099999998"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="46.748184" y="-0.0099999998"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="52.249508" y="-0.0099999998"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="59.201176" y="-0.0099999998"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="70.541397" y="-0.0099999998"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,186.11,58.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,190.46,61.13)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.23" y="2.51"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.27" y="-0.0099999998"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.433498" y="-0.0099999998"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.346937" y="-0.0099999998"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.56069" y="-0.0099999998"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.06201" y="-0.0099999998"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="44.549999" y="7.1054274e-015"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="56.577885" y="7.1054274e-015"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="68.030632" y="7.1054274e-015"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,266.23,58.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,270.58,61.13)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,280.46,58.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,287.41,61.14)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.278186" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.779507" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="180.46001" y="0.0099999998"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="184.6235" y="0.0099999998"> 2</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="190.875" y="0.0099999998"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="197.1265" y="0.0099999998"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg></span> <svg height="10.575" id="M78" style="vertical-align:-0.20064pt;width:17.9625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.9625 10.575" width="17.9625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.575)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.54)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>如果存在<年代vghe我ght=”14。825” id="M79" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:135.83749px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 135.83749 14.825" width="135.83749" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.825)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.14)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.41)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.8771296" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.040629" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.317616" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.657837" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.909336" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="46.548668" y="0"> ></t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="58.576553" y="0"> r</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="62.740055" y="0"> 一个</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="68.291389" y="0"> n</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="74.542885" y="0"> k</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="84.97039" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="89.133888" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,28.1,60.28)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,32.45,63.41)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ]</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>,<年代p一个ncl作为年代=”equation" id="EEq15"> <svg height="19.35" id="M80" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 19.35" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,19.35)"> <g transform="translate(72,-56.52)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,111.23,61.13)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,121.11,58.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,128.07,61.14)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.278186" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.779507" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.418839" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.459229" y="0"> Γ</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,173.87,66.14)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,180.37,61.13)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.35" y="2.51"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.200001" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.470001" y="-0.0099999998"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.633499" y="-0.0099999998"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="41.54694" y="-0.0099999998"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="46.748184" y="-0.0099999998"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="52.249508" y="-0.0099999998"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="59.188671" y="-0.0099999998"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="70.541397" y="-0.0099999998"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,260.09,58.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,264.44,61.13)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.23" y="2.51"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.27" y="-0.0099999998"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.433498" y="-0.0099999998"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.346937" y="-0.0099999998"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.548185" y="-0.0099999998"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.049505" y="-0.0099999998"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="203.42999" y="7.1054274e-015"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="207.59351" y="7.1054274e-015"> 2</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="213.845" y="7.1054274e-015"> 2</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="220.0965" y="7.1054274e-015"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg></span> <svg height="14.5" id="M81" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:58.099998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 58.099998 14.5" width="58.099998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.5)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.4)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.67)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> Γ</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.802592" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.842981" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.295731" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-29.92,60.55)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>,<年代vghe我ght=”12。3625” id="M82" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:17.4125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.4125 12.3625" width="17.4125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.3625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.11)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,62.16)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> Γ</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.61,67.16)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>是左Γ伪逆。</p><h5gydF4y2Baid="sec3.2">3.2。未知输入观测器方法</h5><p>gydF4y2Ba在文献中,许多著名的结果可用于状态观测器的设计(<一个href=”#B6">6</一个>- - - - - -<一个href=”#B10">10</一个>]。简单的设计和解决困难由失踪使观察者测量一个有吸引力的一般设计组件(<一个href=”#B11">11</一个>]。我们有兴趣在设计未知输入观察者不等式约束线性系统不等式约束。一些作品感兴趣这一问题,不用于诊断。因此,我们提出了一个原始设计基于约束观察者的方法。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba考虑一个线性系统描述<年代p一个ncl作为年代=”equation" id="EEq16"> <svg height="66.9375" id="M83" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 66.9375" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,66.9375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-18.45)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,136.73,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.27" y="20.48"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ̇</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-6.6766019" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="2.2755461" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.439045" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.352484" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.991817" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.019703" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.984352" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="47.949005" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="52.112503" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="56.025944" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="62.965107" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="74.317833" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="83.01992" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="91.021843" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="95.185341" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="99.098778" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="106.03794" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="117.39067" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="125.11752" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="134.59479" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="138.7583" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="142.67174" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="148.92323" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.549999" y="20.469999"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="49.713497" y="20.469999"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="53.626938" y="20.469999"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="61.26627" y="20.469999"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="73.294159" y="20.469999"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="81.68367" y="20.469999"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="90.648323" y="20.469999"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="94.811821" y="20.469999"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="98.725258" y="20.469999"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="104.97676" y="20.469999"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.040001" y="40.950001"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.442017" y="40.950001"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.605515" y="40.950001"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.518955" y="40.950001"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="46.158287" y="40.950001"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="58.186172" y="40.950001"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="66.750725" y="40.950001"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="77.665848" y="40.950001"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="86.630501" y="40.950001"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="90.793999" y="40.950001"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="94.707436" y="40.950001"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="101.6466" y="40.950001"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="112.98682" y="40.950001"> ℎ</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="120.20105" y="40.950001"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="331.14001" y="21.1"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="335.3035" y="21.1"> 2</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="341.55499" y="21.1"> 3</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="347.80649" y="21.1"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg></span>它假定矩阵<年代vghe我ght=”10。325" id="M84" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:12.05px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 12.05 10.325" width="12.05" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>满列秩和一对(<年代vghe我ght=”12。75” id="M85" style="vertical-align:-1.76814pt;width:34.787498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 34.787498 12.75" width="34.787498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.75)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.8)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.61)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.9646511" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.329397" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>)是可观测的。</p><h6gydF4y2Baid="sec3.2.1">3.2.1之上。约束观测器设计</h6><p>gydF4y2Ba我们提出一个IC-residual的估计<年代vghe我ght=”13。45”我d="M86" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:23.3375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 23.3375 13.45" width="23.3375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.45)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3265181" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.490017" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.403456" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba来确定<年代vghe我ght=”13。55” id="M87" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:23.3375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 23.3375 13.55" width="23.3375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.55)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.16)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.09,63.52)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ̂</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-6.8600001" y="0.1"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-0.53348202" y="0.1"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="3.630017" y="0.1"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.5434561" y="0.1"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>,我们可以估计状态向量<年代vghe我ght=”13。45”我d="M88" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:24.025px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 24.025 13.45" width="24.025" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.45)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.8766499" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.040149" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.953588" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>如下:<年代p一个ncl作为年代=”equation" id="EEq17"> <svg height="15.75" id="M89" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 15.75" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,15.75)"> <g transform="translate(72,-59.4)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,164.03,63.3)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ̂</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-6.8699999" y="0.1"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="1.532016" y="0.1"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.6955152" y="0.1"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.6089544" y="0.1"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.248287" y="0.1"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.288675" y="0.1"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.85323" y="0.1"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="56.570221" y="0.1"> ̂</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="49.906124" y="0.1"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="58.845768" y="0.1"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="63.009266" y="0.1"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="66.922707" y="0.1"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="73.874374" y="0.1"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="85.214592" y="0.1"> ℎ</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="92.428825" y="0.1"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="303.84" y="0.1"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="308.00351" y="0.1"> 2</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="314.255" y="0.1"> 4</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="320.5065" y="0.1"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg></span> <svg height="13.55" id="M90" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:23.3375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 23.3375 13.55" width="23.3375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.55)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.16)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.09,63.52)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ̂</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-6.8600001" y="0.1"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-0.53348202" y="0.1"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="3.630017" y="0.1"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.5434561" y="0.1"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>和<年代vghe我ght=”13。45”我d="M91" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:24.025px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 24.025 13.45" width="24.025" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.45)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.27,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ̂</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-6.6766019" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0.200048" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.3635468" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.2769861" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>代表的估计<年代vghe我ght=”13。45”我d="M92" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:23.3375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 23.3375 13.45" width="23.3375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.45)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3265181" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.490017" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.403456" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>和<年代vghe我ght=”13。45”我d="M93" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:24.025px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 24.025 13.45" width="24.025" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.45)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.8766499" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.040149" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.953588" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>,分别。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba检查nonnegativity的测试诊断由向量<年代vghe我ght=”13。55” id="M94" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:23.3375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 23.3375 13.55" width="23.3375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.55)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.16)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.09,63.52)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ̂</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-6.8600001" y="0.1"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-0.53348202" y="0.1"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="3.630017" y="0.1"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.5434561" y="0.1"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba如上所示,我们估计整个国家<年代vghe我ght=”13。45”我d="M95" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:24.025px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 24.025 13.45" width="24.025" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.45)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.8766499" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.040149" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.953588" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>获得<年代vghe我ght=”13。55” id="M96" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:23.3375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 23.3375 13.55" width="23.3375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.55)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.16)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.09,63.52)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ̂</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-6.8600001" y="0.1"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-0.53348202" y="0.1"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="3.630017" y="0.1"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.5434561" y="0.1"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>。有时这并不总是必要的约束,不要使用所有的州。因此,我们构建一个观察者,估计直接约束。这个观察者称为<我>约束的观察者</我>。写在下列形式:<年代p一个ncl作为年代=”equation" id="EEq18"> <svg height="41.349998" id="M97" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 41.349998" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,41.35)"> <g transform="translate(72,-38.92)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,134.51,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.440001" y="20.379999"> ̂</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.58" y="20.48"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ̇</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-7.1267099" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="3.4508281" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.614327" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.527766" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.167099" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.207487" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="41.847542" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="52.450085" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="56.613583" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="60.527023" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="67.466187" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="78.806412" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="87.658531" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="95.948021" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="100.11152" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="104.02496" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="110.96413" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="122.30434" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="131.48155" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="139.49597" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="143.65947" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="147.57291" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="153.8244" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,159.41,39.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,166.37,42.73)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.703768" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.744158" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.346703" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.510201" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="46.423637" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="53.362804" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="64.703026" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="73.630165" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="81.919655" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="86.083153" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="89.996597" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="96.248093" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="301.5" y="-9.6099997"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="305.66351" y="-9.6099997"> 2</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="311.91501" y="-9.6099997"> 5</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="318.1665" y="-9.6099997"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg></span>我们假设<年代vghe我ght=”14。7125” id="M98" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:98.6875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 98.6875 14.7125" width="98.6875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.23)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.41)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.62,60.28)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-60.75,63.41)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.703768" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.744158" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.070675" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.234173" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.147614" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="49.086777" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="60.439503" y="0"> ℎ</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>和<年代vghe我ght=”14。7125” id="M99" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:98.6875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 98.6875 14.7125" width="98.6875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.23)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.09,63.51)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ̂</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-6.8600001" y="0.1"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.62,60.28)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-60.75,63.41)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.619999" y="-0.1"> ̂</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.703768" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.75" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.076519" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.240017" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.153458" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="49.092621" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="60.432842" y="0"> ℎ</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>。</p><p><年代vghe我ght="13.45" id="M100" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:26.0625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 26.0625 13.45" width="26.0625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.45)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.5145426" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.678042" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.59148" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>:观察者的状态向量和矩阵<年代vghe我ght=”12。7625" id="M101" style="vertical-align:-1.76814pt;width:59.712502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 59.712502 12.7625" width="59.712502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.7625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.79)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.640053" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.004801" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.856924" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.234173" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>,<年代vghe我ght=”10。325" id="M102" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:12.225px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 12.225 10.325" width="12.225" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>要这样设计吗<年代vghe我ght=”14。6875" id="M103" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:29.424999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 29.424999 14.6875" width="29.424999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.6875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.25)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.09,63.52)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ̂</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-6.8600001" y="0.1"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.62,60.3)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-60.75,63.42)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>渐近估计<年代vghe我ght=”14。6875" id="M104" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:132.0125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 132.0125 14.6875" width="132.0125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.6875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.25)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.42)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.62,60.3)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-60.75,63.42)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.440001" y="-0.1"> ̂</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.57" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.403936" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-33.85,60.3)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-28.98,63.42)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.791769" y="0"> →</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.93338" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,12.28,60.3)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,17.16,63.42)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.240437" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba让一个错误矢量<年代vghe我ght=”13。45”我d="M105" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:22.375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 22.375 13.45" width="22.375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.45)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.5638351" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.727334" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.640773" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>被定义为<年代p一个ncl作为年代=”equation" id="eq8"> <svg height="15.75" id="M106" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 15.75" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,15.75)"> <g transform="translate(72,-59.4)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,91.4,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.27" y="-0.1"> ̂</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.400002" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.6393328" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.802832" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.716271" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.355604" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,133.13,60.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,140.09,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.016103" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.356323" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,172.78,60.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,179.73,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.716271" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.744158" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.346703" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.510201" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="46.423637" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="53.362804" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="64.71553" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="73.64267" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="81.919655" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="86.083153" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="89.996597" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="96.93576" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="108.28848" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="119.20361" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="128.15575" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="132.31924" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="136.23268" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="142.48419" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="288.14001" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="292.3035" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="298.55499" y="0"> 6</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="304.80649" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg></span>因此,<年代p一个ncl作为年代=”equation" id="EEq19"> <svg height="94.9375" id="M107" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 94.9375" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,94.9375)"> <g transform="translate(72,3.95)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,99.69,61.27)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.82" y="-2.9000001"> ̇</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.639999" y="-0.1"> ̂</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.780001" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ̇</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-6.6140871" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="1.025246" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.188745" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.1021843" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.741516" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,134.8,58.15)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,141.75,61.28)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.41" y="-0.090000004"> ̇</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.370001" y="0.0099999998"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.016103" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,174.44,58.15)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,181.4,61.28)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.703768" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.883369" y="0"> ̇</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.75666" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.346703" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.510201" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="46.423637" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="53.362804" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="64.703026" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="81.244492" y="0"> ̇</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="74.392853" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="82.669838" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="86.833336" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="90.746773" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="97.685936" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="109.02616" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="127.74315" y="0"> ̇</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="121.07906" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="130.0312" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="134.1947" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="138.10814" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-64.970001" y="20.48"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-52.942116" y="20.48"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-48.778614" y="20.48"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-35.075329" y="20.48"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-23.735106" y="20.48"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-14.807964" y="20.48"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-5.418211" y="20.48"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.509891" y="20.48"> ̇</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0.845792" y="20.48"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.7854366" y="20.48"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.948936" y="20.48"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.862375" y="20.48"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.80154" y="20.48"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="43.280975" y="20.48"> ̇</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.166767" y="20.48"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="46.744305" y="20.48"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="50.907803" y="20.48"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="54.821243" y="20.48"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-64.970001" y="40.950001"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-52.942116" y="40.950001"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-48.778614" y="40.950001"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-35.075329" y="40.950001"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-23.735106" y="40.950001"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-14.807964" y="40.950001"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-5.418211" y="40.950001"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0.83328903" y="40.950001"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.996788" y="40.950001"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.961439" y="40.950001"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.913588" y="40.950001"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.077085" y="40.950001"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.990524" y="40.950001"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.929691" y="40.950001"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="49.282413" y="40.950001"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="57.984501" y="40.950001"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="65.98642" y="40.950001"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="70.149918" y="40.950001"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="74.063362" y="40.950001"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="81.01503" y="40.950001"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="92.355247" y="40.950001"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="100.0821" y="40.950001"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="109.55938" y="40.950001"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="113.73538" y="40.950001"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="117.64882" y="40.950001"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="121.81232" y="40.950001"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-55.700001" y="61.43"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-44.359779" y="61.43"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-33.719727" y="61.43"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-23.129684" y="61.43"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-18.966187" y="61.43"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-15.052747" y="61.43"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-8.101079" y="61.43"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="3.2391419" y="61.43"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.416344" y="61.43"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.430767" y="61.43"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.594267" y="61.43"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.507706" y="61.43"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.446869" y="61.43"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="46.78709" y="61.43"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="55.639214" y="61.43"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="64.028725" y="61.43"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="72.993378" y="61.43"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="77.156876" y="61.43"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="81.07032" y="61.43"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="87.309311" y="61.43"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="286.47" y="30.379999"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="290.63348" y="30.379999"> 2</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="296.88501" y="30.379999"> 7</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="303.13651" y="30.379999"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg></span>我们假设<年代p一个ncl作为年代=”equation" id="eq9"> <svg height="15.75" id="M108" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 15.75" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,15.75)"> <g transform="translate(72,-59.4)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,174.17,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.890113" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.930502" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.621288" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="47.96151" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="56.888649" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="65.27816" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="293.70001" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="297.86349" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="304.11499" y="0"> 8</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="310.36649" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg></span>和替换<年代vghe我ght=”13。45”我d="M109" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:118.55px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 118.55 13.45" width="118.55" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.45)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.5145426" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.678042" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.59148" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.218311" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.258701" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="41.822536" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.986034" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="49.899471" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="56.838638" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="68.178856" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="75.605644" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="82.482292" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="86.64579" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="90.559227" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>到(<一个href=”#EEq19">27</一个>),所以误差动态<年代vghe我ght=”13。45”我d="M110" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:22.375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 22.375 13.45" width="22.375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.45)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.34,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ̇</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-6.601584" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-1.0377491" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="3.1257501" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.0391889" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>等于<年代p一个ncl作为年代=”equation" id="EEq20"> <svg height="41.349998" id="M111" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 41.349998" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,41.35)"> <g transform="translate(72,-38.92)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,76.02,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ̇</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-6.6140871" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="1.025246" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.188745" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.1021843" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.741516" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.781906" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.421959" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="47.061291" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="51.224792" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="55.138229" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="62.089897" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="73.430122" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="77.59362" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="85.020401" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="96.760719" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="108.10094" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="116.95306" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="128.11824" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="139.47096" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="150.11102" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="159.41325" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="165.65225" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="174.6169" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="178.7804" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="182.69383" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="189.633" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="200.97322" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="205.13672" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="212.56351" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="224.05376" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="235.39398" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="244.82124" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="251.07274" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="259.07468" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="263.23816" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="267.15161" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.07" y="20.48"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.397717" y="20.48"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.824501" y="20.48"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="48.551353" y="20.48"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="58.049999" y="20.469999"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="62.213497" y="20.469999"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="66.126938" y="20.469999"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="72.365936" y="20.469999"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="391.85001" y="10.86"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="396.01349" y="10.86"> 2</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="402.26498" y="10.86"> 9</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="408.51651" y="10.86"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg></span>获取动态的独立的一个错误<年代vghe我ght=”13。45”我d="M112" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:24.025px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 24.025 13.45" width="24.025" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.45)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.8766499" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.040149" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.953588" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>,<年代vghe我ght=”13。45”我d="M113" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:22.8375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 22.8375 13.45" width="22.8375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.45)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.9264221" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.089921" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.00336" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>,<年代vghe我ght=”13。45”我d="M114" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:23.737499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 23.737499 13.45" width="23.737499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.45)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.6515961" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.815095" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.728534" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>的形式,<年代vghe我ght=”13。45”我d="M115" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:77.324997px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 77.324997 13.45" width="77.324997" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.45)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.34,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ̇</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-6.601584" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-1.0377491" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="3.1257501" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.0391889" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.666019" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.693905" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.333958" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.897793" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="47.061291" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="50.974731" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>与<年代vghe我ght=”10。325" id="M116" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:14.8375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 14.8375 10.325" width="14.8375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>赫维茨(稳定)矩阵,满足以下条件:<年代p一个ncl作为年代=”equation" id="EEq21a"> <svg height="95.337502" id="M117" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 95.337502" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,95.3375)"> <g transform="translate(72,4.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,167.19,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.640053" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.530167" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.570557" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.997337" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="52.737656" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="64.077873" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="72.93" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="81.319511" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="295.13" y="0.63"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="299.29349" y="0.63"> 3</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="305.54501" y="0.63"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="311.79651" y="0.63"> 一个</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="317.34784" y="0.63"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.0299997" y="21.1"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.456781" y="21.1"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.934536" y="21.1"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.274757" y="21.1"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="51.927792" y="21.1"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="63.955681" y="21.1"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="70.207176" y="21.1"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="294.42999" y="21.1"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="298.59351" y="21.1"> 3</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="304.845" y="21.1"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="311.0965" y="21.1"> b</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="317.34799" y="21.1"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.16" y="41.57"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.586782" y="41.57"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.789471" y="41.57"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="51.817356" y="41.57"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="58.068855" y="41.57"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="295.13" y="41.57"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="299.29349" y="41.57"> 3</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="305.54501" y="41.57"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="311.79651" y="41.57"> c</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="317.34784" y="41.57"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.21" y="63.040001"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.112616" y="63.040001"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.140503" y="63.040001"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="48.843788" y="63.040001"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="60.18401" y="63.040001"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="69.111153" y="63.040001"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="294.42999" y="63.669998"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="298.59351" y="63.669998"> 3</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="304.845" y="63.669998"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="311.0965" y="63.669998"> d</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="317.34799" y="63.669998"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg></span> <svg height="10.325" id="M121" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:14.8375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 14.8375 10.325" width="14.8375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>是稳定的。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba这是保证收敛的<年代vghe我ght=”13。45”我d="M122" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:167.60001px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 167.60001 13.45" width="167.60001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.45)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.5638351" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.727334" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.640773" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.967772" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.131269" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.695105" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.858604" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.772041" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="49.486874" y="0"> →</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="66.628487" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="77.043488" y="0"> 一个</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="82.594818" y="0"> 年代</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="91.621986" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="101.09926" y="0"> →</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="118.22837" y="0"> ∞</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="129.80615" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba著名的必要和充分条件<一个href=”#B8">8</一个>]这未知输入观测器的存在<年代p一个ncl作为年代=”equation" id="EEq22"> <svg height="15.75" id="M123" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 15.75" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,15.75)"> <g transform="translate(72,-59.4)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,149.57,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.379999" y="0.039999999"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="48.48" y="0.039999999"> ]</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="94.540001" y="0.039999999"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="98.699997" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="108.24" y="0.039999999"> ]</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> r</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> 一个</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.7148314" y="0"> n</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.966331" y="0"> k</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.549999" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.939514" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="56.110001" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="68.150391" y="0"> r</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="72.313889" y="0"> 一个</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="77.865219" y="0"> n</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="84.116722" y="0"> k</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="114.49" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="318.29999" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="322.4635" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="328.715" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="334.96649" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg></span><span class="equation" id="EEq23"> <svg height="15.75" id="M124" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 15.75" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,15.75)"> <g transform="translate(72,-59.4)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,134.95,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> P</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.851644" y="0"> 一个</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.402976" y="0"> 我</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.87881" y="0"> r</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.105305" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.268803" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.432302" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.859085" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="46.823734" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="53.075233" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="58.288986" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="67.678741" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="78.093735" y="0"> 我</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="81.569572" y="0"> 年代</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="89.55899" y="0"> o</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="95.810486" y="0"> b</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="102.06199" y="0"> 年代</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="106.92566" y="0"> e</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="112.47699" y="0"> r</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="116.89055" y="0"> v</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="122.90449" y="0"> 一个</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="128.45583" y="0"> b</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="134.70732" y="0"> l</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="138.18315" y="0"> e</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="143.73448" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="332.92001" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="337.0835" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="343.33499" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="349.58649" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg></span>条件(<一个href=”#EEq22">31日</一个>从()推导出<一个href=”#EEq21a">30度</一个>)代替<年代vghe我ght=”10。325" id="M125" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:11.75px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.75 10.325" width="11.75" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>的表达式:<年代vghe我ght=”11。0625" id="M126" style="vertical-align:-0.51414pt;width:82.987503px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 82.987503 11.0625" width="82.987503" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.15)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.71)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.890113" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.930502" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.621288" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="47.96151" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="56.888649" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>。条件(<一个href=”#EEq23">32</一个>从()推导出<一个href=”#EEq21a">30</一个>)。类似的证明在下一节中详细给出。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba如果条件(<一个href=”#EEq21a">30</一个>)- (<一个href=”#EEq21a">30 d</一个>),(<gydF4y2Ba一个href=”#EEq22">31日</一个>)和(<一个href=”#EEq23">32</一个>完成),矩阵<年代vghe我ght=”10。325" id="M127" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:14.8375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 14.8375 10.325" width="14.8375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>发现:<年代vghe我ght=”10。7375" id="M128" style="vertical-align:-0.15048pt;width:94.599998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 94.599998 10.7375" width="94.599998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.7375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.41)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.61)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.103384" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.143772" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.570557" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.310871" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="56.651093" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="66.178375" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>与<年代vghe我ght=”10。325" id="M129" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:13.2875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 13.2875 10.325" width="13.2875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>作为一个增益矩阵选择这两人<年代vghe我ght=”13。45”我d="M130" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:58.424999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 58.424999 13.45" width="58.424999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.45)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.3269978" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.75378" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.718431" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.881929" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.083179" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.472691" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>是可观测的。的增益<年代vghe我ght=”10。325" id="M131" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:13.2875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 13.2875 10.325" width="13.2875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>可以选择各种各样的优化或极点配置技术;参见[<一个href=”#B12">12</一个>]。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba从(<一个href=”#EEq21a">30</一个>)- (<一个href=”#EEq21a">30 d</一个>),矩阵<年代vghe我ght=”10。325" id="M132" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:11.1875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.1875 10.325" width="11.1875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>决定:<年代p一个ncl作为年代=”equation" id="eq10"> <svg height="19.35" id="M133" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 19.35" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,19.35)"> <g transform="translate(72,-56.52)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,138.05,61.13)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="70.419998" y="2.51"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.315455" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.355844" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.920399" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.223351" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="56.563572" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="76.279999" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="83.706779" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,231.14,66.14)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,240.41,61.13)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,261.15,66.14)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,267.64,58.62)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.9400001" y="-2.51"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="200.23" y="-2.51"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="204.39349" y="-2.51"> 3</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="210.645" y="-2.51"> 3</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="216.8965" y="-2.51"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg></span></p> <h6 id="sec3.2.2">3.2.2。降维约束观察员</h6><p>gydF4y2Ba现在,我们构造一个观察者,考虑到一个国家是由系统输出的一部分,所以它已经可以通过直接测量。一个观察者维度较低的称为降维观测器(<一个href=”#B11">11</一个>可以设计。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba它也可以假定矩阵<年代vghe我ght=”10。6125" id="M134" style="vertical-align:-0.15048pt;width:11.8625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.8625 10.6125" width="11.8625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.6125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.51)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.71)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>的形式<年代vghe我ght=”12。9125” id="M135" style="vertical-align:-1.99382pt;width:72.0625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 72.0625 12.9125" width="72.0625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.67)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.71)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.07" y="0.039999999"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.852844" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-37.63,65)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-33.43,62.81)"> <tspan style="font-size: 6.25px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-25.02,65)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-18.56,63.67)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ]</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>。<年代vghe我ght=”10。6125" id="M136" style="vertical-align:-0.15048pt;width:11.8625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.8625 10.6125" width="11.8625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.6125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.51)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.71)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>被划分到一个<年代vghe我ght=”7。6125002" id="M137" style="vertical-align:-0.10033pt;width:37.4375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 37.4375 7.6125002" width="37.4375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.6125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-65.91)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.06)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.652796" y="0"> ∗</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.967531" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>单位矩阵,<年代vghe我ght=”13。45”我d="M138" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:73.262497px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 73.262497 13.45" width="73.262497" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.45)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.652796" y="0"> ∗</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.967531" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.131029" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.120686" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.460907" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="54.338039" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>零矩阵。拟议中的reduced-constraint观察者有一个低阶<年代vghe我ght=”9。875" id="M139" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:7.9124999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 7.9124999 9.875" width="7.9124999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,9.875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-64.1)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>,在那里<年代vghe我ght=”12。5”我d="M140" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:63.1875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 63.1875 12.5" width="63.1875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.5)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.34)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.1897049" y="0"> ≤</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.230095" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.219751" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="41.559971" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>。它的设计需要分解矩阵<年代vghe我ght=”12。75” id="M141" style="vertical-align:-1.76814pt;width:34.974998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 34.974998 12.75" width="34.974998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.75)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.8)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.61)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.9646511" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.329397" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>,<年代vghe我ght=”10。325" id="M142" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:15.175px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 15.175 10.325" width="15.175" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>如下:<年代p一个ncl作为年代=”equation" id="eq11"> <svg height="62.637501" id="M143" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 62.637501" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,62.6375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-21.89)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,80.81,43.82)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.48" y="-13.08"> ⎡</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.48" y="-2.23"> ⎢</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.48" y="8.6099997"> ⎢</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.48" y="19.4"> ⎣</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.1" y="-10.63"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.440485" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,119.88,51.32)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,135.11,54.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,144.07,51.32)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,110.91,29.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,119.88,26.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,135.11,29.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,144.07,26.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,153.32,56.9)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ⎤</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="10.85"> ⎥</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="21.690001"> ⎥</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="32.48"> ⎦</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="56.09" y="0"> ⎡</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="56.09" y="10.85"> ⎢</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="56.09" y="21.690001"> ⎢</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="56.09" y="32.48"> ⎣</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="61.709999" y="2.45"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.71" y="13.08"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.84103" y="13.08"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="44.043716" y="13.08"> =</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,222.76,51.32)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,215.03,29.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,222.76,26.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,227.63,56.9)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ⎤</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="10.85"> ⎥</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="21.690001"> ⎥</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="32.48"> ⎦</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="59.27" y="18"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="65.010002" y="14.96"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.71" y="13.08"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.84103" y="13.08"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="47.231983" y="13.08"> =</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,303.56,38.82)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,314.41,41.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,325.33,38.82)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,330.2,38.9)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="137.67" y="-4.9200001"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="141.8335" y="-4.9200001"> 3</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="148.08499" y="-4.9200001"> 4</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="154.3365" y="-4.9200001"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg></span>与<年代p一个ncl作为年代=”equation" id="eq12"> <svg height="79.487503" id="M144" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 79.487503" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,79.4875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-8.41)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,83.27,60.51)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,92.24,57.39)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,104.96,60.51)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ∈</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> ℜ</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,127.93,66.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.2139201" y="0"> ∗</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.791216" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,145.43,60.51)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.166139" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,169.57,57.39)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,182.29,60.51)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ∈</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> ℜ</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,205.26,66.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.2139201" y="0"> ∗</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.791216" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="13.705632" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="18.055376" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="24.050495" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="30.264416" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,238.93,60.51)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.166139" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,263.07,57.39)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,275.79,60.51)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ∈</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.040389" y="0"> ℜ</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,298.76,66.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9144161" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="7.2641602" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="13.25928" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="19.4732" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="22.387615" y="0"> ∗</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="26.964912" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,332.44,60.51)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-250.17" y="24.15"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,91.23,33.23)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,103.96,36.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ∈</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> ℜ</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,126.92,41.88)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9144161" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="7.2641602" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="13.25928" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="19.4732" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="22.387615" y="0"> ∗</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="26.964912" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="29.879328" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="34.229073" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="40.224194" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="46.43811" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,176.78,36.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.166139" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,199.67,33.23)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,208.02,36.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ∈</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> ℜ</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,230.99,41.88)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.2139201" y="0"> ∗</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.791216" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,247.02,36.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.166139" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,269.92,33.23)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,278.27,36.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ∈</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> ℜ</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,301.23,41.88)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9144161" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="7.2641602" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="13.25928" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="19.4732" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="22.387615" y="0"> ∗</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="26.964912" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,333.44,36.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-198.78" y="24.15"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,145.57,9.08)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,153.92,12.21)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ∈</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> ℜ</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,176.88,17.73)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.0084162" y="0"> ∗</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.5857124" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,192.18,12.21)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.166139" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,218.27,9.08)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,226.62,12.21)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ∈</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> ℜ</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,249.58,17.73)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.0084162" y="0"> ∗</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.5857124" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="11.500128" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="15.849872" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="21.844992" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="28.058912" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,281.05,12.21)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="186.82001" y="-24.870001"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="190.98351" y="-24.870001"> 3</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="197.235" y="-24.870001"> 5</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="203.4865" y="-24.870001"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg></span>用这些矩阵(<一个href=”#EEq21a">30</一个>)- (<一个href=”#EEq21a">30 d</一个>),并分解矩阵<年代vghe我ght=”10。325" id="M145" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:11.75px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.75 10.325" width="11.75" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>如下:<年代vghe我ght=”12。9125” id="M146" style="vertical-align:-1.99382pt;width:70.8125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 70.8125 12.9125" width="70.8125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.67)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.71)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.940001" y="0.039999999"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.890113" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-42.77,65.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-37.57,62.88)"> <tspan style="font-size: 6.25px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-30.47,65.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-25.27,62.88)"> <tspan style="font-size: 6.25px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-19.56,63.67)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ]</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>与<年代vghe我ght=”16。0875" id="M147" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:67.675003px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 67.675003 16.0875" width="67.675003" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.0875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-59.13)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,62.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.52,59.18)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-56.18,62.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ∈</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.040389" y="0"> ℜ</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-33.21,67.83)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.0084162" y="0"> ∗</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.5857124" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>和<年代vghe我ght=”18。325001" id="M148" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:87.887497px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 87.887497 18.325001" width="87.887497" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,18.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-57.34)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,60.51)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.52,57.39)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-56.18,60.51)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ∈</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.040389" y="0"> ℜ</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-33.21,66.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.0084162" y="0"> ∗</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.5857124" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="11.500128" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="15.849872" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="21.844992" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="28.058912" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>,我们获得<年代p一个ncl作为年代=”equation" id="EEq24a"> <svg height="146.52499" id="M149" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 146.52499" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,146.525)"> <g transform="translate(72,45.22)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,139.56,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.62779" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.968012" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,169.97,60.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,174.84,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,183.8,60.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,195.83,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,214.6,60.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,219.48,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,228.44,60.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,241.17,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.667938" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,271.27,60.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,276.14,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="186.17999" y="0.63"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="190.34351" y="0.63"> 3</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="196.595" y="0.63"> 6</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="202.8465" y="0.63"> 一个</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="208.39783" y="0.63"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-126.13" y="21.1"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-115.48994" y="21.1"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,168.08,38.97)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,176.42,42.1)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.040389" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,195.89,38.97)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,200.76,42.1)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,209.73,38.97)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,221.76,42.1)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.327718" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,240.53,38.97)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,245.4,42.1)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,254.37,38.97)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,263.62,42.1)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-99.650002" y="40.950001"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="198" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="202.1635" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="208.41499" y="0"> 6</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="214.6665" y="0"> b</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="220.918" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-81.5" y="20.469999"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-74.073219" y="20.469999"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-61.907799" y="20.469999"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-49.867409" y="20.469999"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-41.302856" y="20.469999"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-32.125652" y="20.469999"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="198.7" y="20.469999"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="202.86349" y="20.469999"> 3</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="209.11501" y="20.469999"> 6</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="215.3665" y="20.469999"> c</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="220.91783" y="20.469999"> )</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,171.4,-1.97)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,176.27,1.15)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,184,-1.97)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,191.65,1.15)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,210.42,-1.97)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,215.29,1.15)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,223.02,-1.97)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,231.37,1.15)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-46.360001" y="20.469999"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="230.25" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="234.4135" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="240.66499" y="0"> 6</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="246.9165" y="0"> d</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="253.168" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,195.93,-22.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,204.27,-19.32)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.040389" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,223.74,-22.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,228.61,-19.32)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-54.080002" y="21.469999"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="233.71001" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="237.8735" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="244.125" y="0"> 6</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="250.3765" y="0"> e</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="255.92783" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,185.44,-43.92)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,193.1,-40.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.730694" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.771084" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,236.31,-43.92)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,241.18,-40.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="221.89999" y="0.62"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="226.06349" y="0.62"> 3</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="232.315" y="0.62"> 6</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="238.5665" y="0.62"> f</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="243.35515" y="0.62"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg></span>存在的必要和充分条件这样的观察者有减少了以下命题:<年代p一个ncl作为年代=”equation" id="EEq25"> <svg height="19.35" id="M155" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 19.35" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,19.35)"> <g transform="translate(72,-56.52)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,137.27,61.13)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.389999" y="2.51"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> r</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> 一个</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.7148314" y="0"> n</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.966331" y="0"> k</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.18" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.744556" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,187.93,58.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,192.8,61.13)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,200.53,58.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,205.4,58.62)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="46.689999" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="51.48" y="-2.51"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.2700005" y="-2.51"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.297886" y="-2.51"> r</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.461386" y="-2.51"> 一个</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.012716" y="-2.51"> n</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.264217" y="-2.51"> k</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,264.6,58.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,269.48,58.62)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.8699999" y="-2.51"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="198.39" y="-2.51"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="202.5535" y="-2.51"> 3</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="208.80499" y="-2.51"> 7</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="215.0565" y="-2.51"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg></span><span class="equation" id="eq13"> <svg height="19.35" id="M156" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 19.35" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,19.35)"> <g transform="translate(72,-56.52)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,132.79,61.13)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.280001" y="2.51"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.130001" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> P</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.851644" y="0"> 一个</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.402976" y="0"> 我</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.87881" y="0"> r</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,174.45,58.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,179.32,61.13)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.3772497" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,198.23,58.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,203.1,58.62)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.11" y="-2.51"> 我</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.585834" y="-2.51"> 年代</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.562748" y="-2.51"> o</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.814247" y="-2.51"> b</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.065746" y="-2.51"> 年代</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.929417" y="-2.51"> e</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="46.480747" y="-2.51"> r</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="50.894306" y="-2.51"> v</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="56.908249" y="-2.51"> 一个</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="62.459579" y="-2.51"> b</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="68.711082" y="-2.51"> l</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="72.186913" y="-2.51"> e</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="77.738251" y="-2.51"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="264.76999" y="-2.51"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="268.9335" y="-2.51"> 3</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="275.185" y="-2.51"> 8</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="281.43649" y="-2.51"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg></span></p> <p><span class="statement" id="proof1"><span class="statement-title"><i class="statement-title">证明。</我></年代p一个n>从(<一个href=”#EEq24a">36 e</一个>)和(<一个href=”#EEq24a">36 d</一个>),我们得到<年代p一个ncl作为年代=”equation" id="eq14"> <svg height="16.5375" id="M157" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 16.5375" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.5375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-58.77)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,168.13,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,175.56,60.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,180.43,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,188.16,60.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,196.5,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.040389" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.604944" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,228.02,60.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,232.9,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,240.62,60.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,245.5,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="222.37" y="0.63"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="226.53349" y="0.63"> 3</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="232.785" y="0.63"> 9</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="239.0365" y="0.63"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg></span> <svg height="14.2375" id="M158" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:15.5px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 15.5 14.2375" width="15.5" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.2375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.61)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.52,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>如果存在<年代vghe我ght=”14。7125” id="M159" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:168.2375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 168.2375 14.7125" width="168.2375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.23)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.41)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> r</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> 一个</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.7148314" y="0"> n</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.966331" y="0"> k</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.38133" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.544828" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.109383" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-21.92,60.28)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-17.05,63.41)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-9.32,60.28)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-4.45,63.41)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ]</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.6393328" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.667219" y="0"> r</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.830717" y="0"> 一个</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.38205" y="0"> n</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.633549" y="0"> k</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="46.06105" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="50.224552" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,53.5,60.28)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,58.38,63.41)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ]</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>。<br>gydF4y2Ba现在,我们可以写<年代vghe我ght=”14。2375” id="M160" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:15.5px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 15.5 14.2375" width="15.5" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.2375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.61)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.52,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>如下(<一个href=”#B13">13</一个>]:<gydF4y2Ba年代p一个ncl作为年代=”equation" id="EEq26"> <svg height="19.362499" id="M161" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 19.362499" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,19.3625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-56.51)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,118.42,61.13)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,125.84,58.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,134.19,61.13)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.592442" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,165.71,58.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,170.58,61.13)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,178.31,58.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,183.19,61.13)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,192.72,66.14)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="-1.8099999" y="9.5799999"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,202,61.13)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.950001" y="2.51"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.799999" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.327718" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,237.8,58.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,247.29,61.13)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,266.36,58.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,271.24,61.13)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,280.78,66.14)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="-1.8099999" y="9.5799999"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,287.27,58.62)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.9400001" y="-2.51"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="180.60001" y="-2.51"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="184.7635" y="-2.51"> 4</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="191.015" y="-2.51"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="197.26649" y="-2.51"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg></span>在哪里<年代vghe我ght=”10。325" id="M162" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:13.2875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 13.2875 10.325" width="13.2875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>是一个任意的矩阵适当的维度和<年代vghe我ght=”18。075001" id="M163" style="vertical-align:-4.58821pt;width:20.1625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 20.1625 18.075001" width="20.1625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,18.075)"> <g transform="translate(72,-57.54)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,62.16)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.41,67.16)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="-1.8099999" y="9.5699997"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>广义逆的吗<年代vghe我ght=”22。5375" id="M164" style="vertical-align:-4.58821pt;width:146.08749px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 146.08749 22.5375" width="146.08749" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,22.5375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-53.97)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,58.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.22,55.47)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-59.35,58.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-45.65,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="-1.8099999" y="9.5799999"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-35.68,58.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.191385" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-9.94,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="-1.8099999" y="9.2200003"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-3.23,58.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,4.5,55.47)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,9.38,58.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,13.54,66.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.99512" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,24.41,58.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,33.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="-1.8099999" y="9.2200003"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,40.66,58.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>。<br>gydF4y2Ba从(<一个href=”#EEq24a">36 b</一个>),我们得到<年代p一个ncl作为年代=”equation" id="EEq27"> <svg height="18.075001" id="M165" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 18.075001" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,18.075)"> <g transform="translate(72,-57.54)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,135.88,62.16)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.103384" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.143772" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,169.46,59.04)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,174.33,62.16)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,183.3,59.04)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,192.55,62.16)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,204.59,67.16)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="-1.13" y="9.5699997"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,213.86,62.16)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,236.12,59.04)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,240.99,62.16)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,249.96,59.04)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,259.21,62.16)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,271.25,67.16)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="-1.13" y="9.5699997"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,277.74,62.16)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="190.13" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="194.2935" y="0"> 4</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="200.545" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="206.79649" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg></span> <svg height="18.075001" id="M166" style="vertical-align:-4.58821pt;width:28.5px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 28.5 18.075001" width="28.5" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,18.075)"> <g transform="translate(72,-57.54)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-67.78,62.16)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-55.74,67.16)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="-1.13" y="9.5699997"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>广义逆的吗<年代vghe我ght=”14。2375” id="M167" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:19.862499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 19.862499 14.2375" width="19.862499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.2375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.61)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-61.03,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>。替代(<一个href=”#EEq26">40</一个>)(<gydF4y2Ba一个href=”#EEq27">41</一个>);它给<年代p一个ncl作为年代=”equation" id="eq15"> <svg height="15.75" id="M168" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 15.75" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,15.75)"> <g transform="translate(72,-59.4)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,167.45,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.103384" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.143772" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,203.13,60.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,210.78,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.992537" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,241.3,60.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,246.18,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="221.69" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="225.8535" y="0"> 4</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="232.105" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="238.35651" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg></span>与<年代p一个ncl作为年代=”equation" id="eq16"> <svg height="49.8125" id="M169" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 49.8125" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,49.8125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-32.15)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,123.93,61.13)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,133.45,58.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,141.8,61.13)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,164.75,58.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,171.71,58.62)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.8499999" y="-2.51"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.414555" y="-2.51"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,193.85,58.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,198.73,61.13)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,208.27,66.14)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="-1.8099999" y="9.5799999"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,214.76,61.13)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,223.73,58.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,235.76,61.13)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.327718" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,256.06,58.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,265.31,58.62)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.9400001" y="-2.51"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,285.29,66.14)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="-1.13" y="9.5799999"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,291.78,61.13)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-151.88" y="24.35"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,149.42,33.65)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,157.77,36.78)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.04" y="2.51"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.889999" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,183.39,33.65)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,188.26,36.78)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,197.8,41.78)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="-1.8099999" y="9.5799999"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,207.07,36.78)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,224.42,33.65)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,231.13,34.27)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.9299998" y="-2.51"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,248.03,33.65)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,257.28,36.78)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,269.32,41.78)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="-1.13" y="9.5799999"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,275.81,36.78)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="192.06" y="-12.17"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="196.2235" y="-12.17"> 4</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="202.47501" y="-12.17"> 3</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="208.7265" y="-12.17"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg></span>矩阵<年代vghe我ght=”10。325" id="M170" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:13.2875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 13.2875 10.325" width="13.2875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>选择这矩阵<年代vghe我ght=”10。325" id="M171" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:14.8375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 14.8375 10.325" width="14.8375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>是稳定的。这个条件是满足如果一对<年代vghe我ght=”14。6”我d="M172" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:53.049999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 53.049999 14.6" width="53.049999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.6)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.32)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-58.26,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-53.39,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.2137508" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-38.65,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-33.77,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>是可观察到的<一个href=”#B8">8</一个>,<gydF4y2Ba一个href=”#B10">10</一个>]。<br>gydF4y2Ba的矩阵<年代vghe我ght=”12。7625" id="M173" style="vertical-align:-1.76814pt;width:34.387501px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 34.387501 12.7625" width="34.387501" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.7625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.79)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.1772022" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.541948" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>,<年代vghe我ght=”10。325" id="M174" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:12.225px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 12.225 10.325" width="12.225" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>获得(<一个href=”#EEq24a">36个</一个>)- (<一个href=”#EEq24a">36 f</一个>)。</年代p一个n></p><p><span class="statement" id="rem1"><span class="statement-title"><i class="statement-title">备注1。</我></年代p一个n>连续时间模型状态空间形式,但所有的结果很容易转录在离散时间。</年代p一个n></p><h4 id="application-to-tank-system">4所示。应用槽系统</h4><p>gydF4y2Ba考虑实验室的水箱系统ACS描绘在图<一个href=”http年代://www.newsama.com/journals/jcse/2011/685261/fig1/" target="_blank">1</一个>。圆柱形的坦克<年代vghe我ght=”14。3875" id="M175" style="vertical-align:-3.25793pt;width:66.125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 66.125 14.3875" width="66.125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.49)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.7,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-57.82,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.2012482" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-43.36,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-38.49,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.2012482" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-24.03,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>,<年代vghe我ght=”14。3625” id="M176" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:17.125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.125 14.3625" width="17.125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.51)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.7,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>由管道连接。一个泵<年代vghe我ght=”10。325" id="M177" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:11.75px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.75 10.325" width="11.75" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>(新180)分发水从水箱<年代vghe我ght=”14。3625” id="M178" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:17.125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.125 14.3625" width="17.125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.51)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.7,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>在这两个水库<年代vghe我ght=”14。2375” id="M179" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:17.7875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.7875 14.2375" width="17.7875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.2375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.61)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.7,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>和<年代vghe我ght=”14。3875" id="M180" style="vertical-align:-3.25793pt;width:17.7875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.7875 14.3875" width="17.7875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.49)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.7,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>通过两个electrovalves<年代vghe我ght=”14。2375” id="M181" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:15.2px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 15.2 14.2375" width="15.2" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.2375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.61)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.76,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>和<年代vghe我ght=”14。2375” id="M182" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:15.2px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 15.2 14.2375" width="15.2" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.2375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.61)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.76,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>。三个水平传感器(维加61)测量水位<年代vghe我ght=”14。825” id="M183" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:13.1625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 13.1625 14.825" width="13.1625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.825)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.14)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.41)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ℎ</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.74,60.28)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>三个坦克。</p><d我vcl作为年代=”flo一个t年代-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig1"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig1"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="685261.fig.001" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/jcse/volume-2011/685261/figures/685261.fig.001.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图1</年代p一个n><一个一个r我一个-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jcse/2011/685261/fig1/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> 槽系统。</t一个ble></d我v></d我v> </div> <p>因为有一个硬件问题阀门<年代vghe我ght=”14。3875" id="M184" style="vertical-align:-3.25793pt;width:20.674999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 20.674999 14.3875" width="20.674999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.49)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.76,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>连接<年代vghe我ght=”14。2375” id="M185" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:17.7875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.7875 14.2375" width="17.7875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.2375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.61)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.7,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>来<年代vghe我ght=”14。3875" id="M186" style="vertical-align:-3.25793pt;width:17.7875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.7875 14.3875" width="17.7875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.49)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.7,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>,只有坦克<年代vghe我ght=”14。2375” id="M187" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:17.7875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.7875 14.2375" width="17.7875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.2375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.61)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.7,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>和<年代vghe我ght=”14。2375” id="M188" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:17.7875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.7875 14.2375" width="17.7875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.2375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.61)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.7,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>使用(图<一个href=”http年代://www.newsama.com/journals/jcse/2011/685261/fig2/" target="_blank">2</一个>)。坦克系统的目的是提供一个连续的水流<年代vghe我ght=”13。55” id="M189" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:22.5875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 22.5875 13.55" width="22.5875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.55)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.16)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.7263741" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.8898726" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.803312" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>一个消费者。</p><d我vcl作为年代=”flo一个t年代-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig2"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig2"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="685261.fig.002" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/jcse/volume-2011/685261/figures/685261.fig.002.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图2</年代p一个n><一个一个r我一个-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jcse/2011/685261/fig2/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> 坦克的简化原理图部分的过程。</t一个ble></d我v></d我v> </div> <p>水箱系统的动态过程可以由模型(<一个href=”#EEq28">44</一个>)。这是写使用“质量平衡方程:<年代p一个ncl作为年代=”equation" id="EEq28"> <svg height="130.21249" id="M190" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 130.21249" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,130.2125)"> <g transform="translate(72,32.17)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,116.68,54.27)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,124.81,51.14)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,132.46,54.27)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ⋅</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.5500002" y="-9.1400003"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.201596" y="-9.1400003"> ℎ</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,153.87,60.28)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,160.83,63.42)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> <g> <path d="m 140.01,57.4 33.06,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,151.26,45.52)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.6515961" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.48" y="-8.75"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.507885" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,195.51,51.14)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,202.24,54.28)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.0036" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.356323" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,234.33,51.14)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,245.66,54.28)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.016103" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.356323" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,277.75,51.14)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,284.71,54.28)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-148.62" y="35.560001"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.315935" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,144.22,15.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,151.87,18.72)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ⋅</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.5500002" y="-9.1400003"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.201596" y="-9.1400003"> ℎ</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,173.28,24.74)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,180.24,27.87)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> <g> <path d="m 159.42,21.85 33.06,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,170.67,9.97)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.6515961" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.48" y="-8.75"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.507885" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,214.92,15.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,226.25,18.73)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.016103" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.356323" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,258.34,15.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,265.3,18.73)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-92.150002" y="26.629999"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.315935" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,179.35,-11.02)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,186.31,-7.89)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.703768" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.744158" y="0"> ℎ</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,221.28,-11.02)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,228.23,-7.89)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-55.080002" y="20.48"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.328438" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,179.35,-31.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,186.31,-28.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.703768" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.744158" y="0"> ℎ</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,221.28,-31.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,228.23,-28.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.328438" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="239.64" y="-45.16"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="243.8035" y="-45.16"> 4</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="250.05499" y="-45.16"> 4</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="256.30649" y="-45.16"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg></span>在哪里<年代p一个ncl作为年代=”equation" id="eq20"> <svg height="15.75" id="M191" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 15.75" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,15.75)"> <g transform="translate(72,-59.4)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,171.37,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,177.1,60.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,183.83,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.87977" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.083656" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="44.085579" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="48.249077" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="52.162518" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="58.414017" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="284.04001" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="288.20349" y="0"> 4</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="294.45499" y="0"> 5</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="300.70651" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg></span>代表了泵流量。<年代p一个ncl作为年代=”equation" id="eq21"> <svg height="21.987499" id="M192" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 21.987499" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,21.9875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-54.41)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,106.65,59.19)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,112.38,56.06)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,117.68,59.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1599998" y="0.0099999998"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0734386" y="0.0099999998"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.712772" y="0.0099999998"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.740658" y="0.0099999998"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,153.05,56.06)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,156.27,59.19)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,164.39,56.06)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,171.95,59.19)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ⋅</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3499999" y="0.23"> √</t年代p一个n></text> <g> <path d="m 189.91,70.71 55.42,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,189.91,59.19)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.0146627" y="0"> ⋅</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.37869" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.305832" y="0"> ⋅</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.657356" y="0"> ℎ</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,227.79,56.06)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,233.09,59.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1700001" y="0.0099999998"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0834389" y="0.0099999998"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.010101" y="0.0099999998"> ⋅</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.374128" y="0.0099999998"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.537626" y="0.0099999998"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.564793" y="0.0099999998"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.905014" y="0.0099999998"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="55.394791" y="0.0099999998"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="59.558289" y="0.0099999998"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="63.471729" y="0.0099999998"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="67.635231" y="0.0099999998"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="73.874222" y="0.0099999998"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="234.78" y="0.0099999998"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="238.9435" y="0.0099999998"> 4</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="245.19499" y="0.0099999998"> 6</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="251.4465" y="0.0099999998"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg></span>代表了水流撤离<年代vghe我ght=”14。7125” id="M193" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:82.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 82.9375 14.7125" width="82.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.23)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.7,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-55.31,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.515263" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.555653" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.807152" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.184402" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.435902" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>,<年代vghe我ght=”13。45”我d="M194" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:23.737499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 23.737499 13.45" width="23.737499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.45)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.6515961" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.815095" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.728534" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>是错”堵塞阀门,<年代vghe我ght=”13。45”我d="M195" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:50.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 50.9375 13.45" width="50.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.45)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.6515961" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.815095" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.728534" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.355364" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.395752" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>“否则0(健康系统),<年代vghe我ght=”14。6”我d="M196" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:34.150002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 34.150002 14.6" width="34.150002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.6)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.32)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-66.22,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-56.97,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>代表坦克之间的水流<年代vghe我ght=”14。2375” id="M197" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:17.7875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.7875 14.2375" width="17.7875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.2375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.61)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.7,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>和<年代vghe我ght=”14。2375” id="M198" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:17.7875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.7875 14.2375" width="17.7875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.2375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.61)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.7,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>根据托里拆利的规则是由<年代p一个ncl作为年代=”equation" id="eq22"> <svg height="30.025" id="M199" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 30.025" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,30.025)"> <g transform="translate(72,-47.98)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,54.17,54.88)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,59.89,51.75)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,71.23,54.88)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.703768" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.744158" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,106.59,51.75)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,115.84,54.88)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,123.97,51.75)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,131.53,54.88)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.360001" y="2.52"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.209999" y="0"> ℎ</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ⋅</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3390212" y="0"> 年代</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.202688" y="0"> 我</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.678522" y="0"> g</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.930021" y="0"> n</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,175.96,51.75)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,182.92,54.88)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.0036" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.356323" y="0"> ℎ</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,216.49,51.75)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,223.45,54.88)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.24" y="2.52"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.18" y="3.1600001"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> <g> <path d="m 256.84,70.71 102.62,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,256.84,54.88)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.67" y="-1.59"> |</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.67" y="1.58"> |</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.169998" y="0"> ℎ</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.0271664" y="0"> ⋅</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.37869" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.305832" y="0"> ⋅</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,297.23,51.75)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,304.18,54.88)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.016103" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.356323" y="0"> ℎ</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,337.76,51.75)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,344.72,54.88)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.24" y="-1.59"> |</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.24" y="1.58"> |</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.74" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="123.15" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="127.3135" y="0"> 4</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="133.565" y="0"> 7</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="139.8165" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg></span>我们另外假设系统的模型并不完全清楚。事实上,输出流系数<年代vghe我ght=”10。8375" id="M200" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:13.6625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 13.6625 10.8375" width="13.6625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.8375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.33)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.34,63.47)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>和<年代vghe我ght=”10。725" id="M201" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:21.200001px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 21.200001 10.725" width="21.200001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.725)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.42)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.34,63.47)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>被视为不确定的常系数。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba坦克系统的参数的值在表中定义<一个href=”http年代://www.newsama.com/journals/jcse/2011/685261/tab1/" target="_blank">1</一个>。</p><d我vcl作为年代=”flo一个t年代-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="tab1"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-tab1"> <table class="table-group" id="tab1"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <table class="table"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="3"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"><i>年代<年代ub>1</年代ub></i></td> <td align="left">横截面的面积<年代vghe我ght=”14。2375” id="M202" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.7875 14.2375" width="17.7875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.2375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.61)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.7,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg></td> <td align="center"> <svg height="14.375" id="M203" style="vertical-align:-0.3135pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 73.637497 14.375" width="73.637497" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.5)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,60.86)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 4</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.2515001" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.3772497" y="0"> 9</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.62875" y="0"> 4</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.655916" y="0"> ×</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.433502" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="41.685001" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-24.01,66.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.99512" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>米<年代up>2</年代up></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"><i>年代<年代ub>2</年代ub></i></td> <td align="left">横截面的面积<年代vghe我ght=”14。2375” id="M204" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.7875 14.2375" width="17.7875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.2375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.61)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.7,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg></td> <td align="center"> <svg height="14.375" id="M205" style="vertical-align:-0.3135pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 73.637497 14.375" width="73.637497" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.5)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,60.86)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 7</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.2515001" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.3772497" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.62875" y="0"> 9</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.655916" y="0"> ×</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.433502" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="41.685001" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-24.01,66.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.99512" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>米<年代up>2</年代up></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"><i>年代<年代ub>p</年代ub></i></td> <td align="left">的横截面区域阀连接<年代vghe我ght=”14。7125” id="M206" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 82.9375 14.7125" width="82.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.23)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.7,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-55.31,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.515263" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.555653" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.807152" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.184402" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.435902" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>来<年代vghe我ght=”14。3625” id="M207" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.125 14.3625" width="17.125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.51)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.7,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg></td> <td align="center"> <svg height="14.5" id="M208" style="vertical-align:-0.3135pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 73.637497 14.5" width="73.637497" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.5)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.4)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,60.76)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 8</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.2515001" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.3772497" y="0"> 8</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.62875" y="0"> 9</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.655916" y="0"> ×</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.433502" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="41.685001" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-24.01,65.93)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.99512" y="0"> 5</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>米<年代up>2</年代up></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span style="width: 15.7375px;"> <svg height="10.725" id="M209" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 15.7375 10.725" width="15.7375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.725)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.42)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.34,63.47)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg></span></td> <td align="left">常系数</td><td一个l我gn="center">0.2329</td></tr><tr> <td align="left"><span style="width: 15.7375px;"> <svg height="10.725" id="M210" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 15.7375 10.725" width="15.7375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.725)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.42)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.34,63.47)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg></span></td> <td align="left">常系数</td><td一个l我gn="center">0.0599</td></tr><tr> <td align="left"><span style="width: 21.200001px;"> <svg height="10.725" id="M211" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 21.200001 10.725" width="21.200001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.725)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.42)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.34,63.47)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg></span></td> <td align="left">常系数</td><td一个l我gn="center">0.0895</td></tr><tr class="table-tr"> <td colspan="3"> <hr class="tbody-hr"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">表1</年代p一个n><一个一个r我一个-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jcse/2011/685261/tab1/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> 坦克系统的参数。</d我v></d我v></d我v><p>系统(<一个href=”#EEq28">44</一个>)在其操作使直线化点和discretised采样周期<年代vghe我ght=”10。85" id="M212" style="vertical-align:-0.12538pt;width:44.612499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 44.612499 10.85" width="44.612499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.85)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.32)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.339981" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.380369" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.719872" y="0"> 年代</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba供给水箱的水位<年代vghe我ght=”14。2375” id="M213" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:17.7875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.7875 14.2375" width="17.7875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.2375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.61)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.7,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>和中间水箱R<年代ub>2</年代ub>必须保持在一个水平:<年代p一个ncl作为年代=”equation" id="eq23"> <svg height="41.349998" id="M214" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 41.349998" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,41.35)"> <g transform="translate(72,-38.92)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,177.21,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ℎ</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,184.42,60.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,192.77,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-15.56" y="20.48"> ℎ</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> <</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.405136" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.656635" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.996136" y="0"> 米</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.723473" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,184.42,39.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,192.77,42.72)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> <</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.405136" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.656635" y="0"> 7</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.996136" y="0"> 米</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.723473" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="275.10001" y="-9.6199999"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="279.26349" y="-9.6199999"> 4</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="285.51498" y="-9.6199999"> 8</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="291.76651" y="-9.6199999"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg></span>我们得到了<年代p一个ncl作为年代=”equation" id="eq24"> <svg height="272.60001" id="M215" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 272.60001" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,272.6)"> <g transform="translate(72,146.08)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,76.18,43.82)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="62.790001" y="-13.08"> ⎡</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="62.790001" y="-2.23"> ⎢</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="62.790001" y="8.6099997"> ⎢</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="62.790001" y="19.4"> ⎣</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="143.16" y="-13.08"> ⎤</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="143.16" y="-2.23"> ⎥</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="143.16" y="8.6099997"> ⎥</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="143.16" y="19.4"> ⎦</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="189.39" y="-13.08"> ⎡</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="189.39" y="-2.23"> ⎢</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="189.39" y="8.6099997"> ⎢</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="189.39" y="19.4"> ⎣</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="212.21001" y="14.38"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="235.64999" y="-13.08"> ⎤</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="235.64999" y="-2.23"> ⎥</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="235.64999" y="8.6099997"> ⎥</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="235.64999" y="19.4"> ⎦</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ℎ</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.2897291" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.453228" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.00552" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.345741" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.59724" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="50.737175" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="68.410004" y="-10.63"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="74.661499" y="-10.63"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="77.787247" y="-10.63"> 9</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="84.03875" y="-10.63"> 9</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="90.290253" y="-10.63"> 2</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="96.541748" y="-10.63"> 9</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="108.76968" y="-10.63"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="115.02119" y="-10.63"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="118.14693" y="-10.63"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="124.39844" y="-10.63"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="130.64993" y="-10.63"> 2</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="136.90143" y="-10.63"> 5</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="71.540001" y="14.38"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="77.791496" y="14.38"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="80.917252" y="14.38"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="87.168747" y="14.38"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="93.42025" y="14.38"> 2</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="108.77393" y="14.38"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="115.02544" y="14.38"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="118.15118" y="14.38"> 9</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="124.40269" y="14.38"> 9</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="130.65419" y="14.38"> 7</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="136.90569" y="14.38"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="150.87" y="7.1054274e-015"> ℎ</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="160.15973" y="7.1054274e-015"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="164.32323" y="7.1054274e-015"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="171.09985" y="7.1054274e-015"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="178.03902" y="7.1054274e-015"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="195.02" y="-10.63"> 2</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="201.2715" y="-10.63"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="207.52299" y="-10.63"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="210.64874" y="-10.63"> 2</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="216.90025" y="-10.63"> 4</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="223.15175" y="-10.63"> 2</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="229.40324" y="-10.63"> 9</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="243.36" y="7.1054274e-015"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="251.36192" y="7.1054274e-015"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="255.52542" y="7.1054274e-015"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="262.30203" y="7.1054274e-015"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="60.709999" y="50.009998"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="69.274551" y="50.009998"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="75.526054" y="50.009998"> 0</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,157.96,-1.02)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.99512" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,170.91,6.89)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ⎡</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="10.85"> ⎢</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="21.700001"> ⎢</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="32.48"> ⎣</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.700001" y="27.459999"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.009998" y="5.3290705e-015"> ⎤</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.009998" y="10.85"> ⎥</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.009998" y="21.700001"> ⎥</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.009998" y="32.48"> ⎦</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.24" y="58.98"> ⎡</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.24" y="69.830002"> ⎢</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.24" y="80.68"> ⎢</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.24" y="91.459999"> ⎣</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="51.349998" y="58.98"> ⎤</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="51.349998" y="69.830002"> ⎥</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="51.349998" y="80.68"> ⎥</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="51.349998" y="91.459999"> ⎦</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-4.8899999" y="117.96"> ⎡</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-4.8899999" y="128.81"> ⎢</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-4.8899999" y="139.64999"> ⎢</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-4.8899999" y="150.44"> ⎣</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.349998" y="117.96"> ⎤</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.349998" y="128.81"> ⎥</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.349998" y="139.64999"> ⎥</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.349998" y="150.44"> ⎦</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="82.580002" y="117.96"> ⎡</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="82.580002" y="128.81"> ⎢</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="82.580002" y="139.64999"> ⎢</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="82.580002" y="150.44"> ⎣</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="110.09" y="117.96"> ⎤</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="110.09" y="128.81"> ⎥</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="110.09" y="139.64999"> ⎥</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="110.09" y="150.44"> ⎦</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="117.8" y="131.03999"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.6300001" y="2.46"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.8815" y="2.46"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.00725" y="2.46"> 8</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.258751" y="2.46"> 2</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.51025" y="2.46"> 3</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.761749" y="2.46"> 9</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="47.720001" y="13.08"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="57.197273" y="13.08"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="61.360771" y="13.08"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="68.137398" y="13.08"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="74.388901" y="13.08"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-11.66" y="72.059998"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-3.383014" y="72.059998"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0.78048497" y="72.059998"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.5571108" y="72.059998"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.196444" y="72.059998"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.869999" y="61.439999"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.097935" y="61.439999"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.869999" y="86.440002"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.097935" y="86.440002"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="59.060001" y="72.059998"> ℎ</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="68.349731" y="72.059998"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="72.513229" y="72.059998"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="79.289856" y="72.059998"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="85.541351" y="72.059998"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-43.91" y="131.03999"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-35.507984" y="131.03999"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-31.344484" y="131.03999"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-24.56786" y="131.03999"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-16.928526" y="131.03999"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0.74000001" y="120.41"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.3045549" y="120.41"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.808516" y="120.41"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.02" y="145.42"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.52396" y="145.42"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.088514" y="145.42"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="44.060001" y="131.03999"> ℎ</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="53.349728" y="131.03999"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="57.513229" y="131.03999"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="64.289856" y="131.03999"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="71.229019" y="131.03999"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="88.209999" y="120.41"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="94.461502" y="120.41"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="97.58725" y="120.41"> 2</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="103.83875" y="120.41"> 3</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="88.209999" y="145.42"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="94.461502" y="145.42"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="97.58725" y="145.42"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="103.83875" y="145.42"> 7</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="296.95999" y="47.060001"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="301.1235" y="47.060001"> 4</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="307.375" y="47.060001"> 9</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="313.6265" y="47.060001"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg></span>我们考虑一个窗口观察<年代vghe我ght=”13。125”我d="M216" style="vertical-align:-1.95624pt;width:64.662498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 64.662498 13.125" width="64.662498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.5)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.940125" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.304873" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.869667" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="41.209888" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="47.461388" y="0"> ]</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>。替换和投影方法导致IC-residual相同<年代vghe我ght=”14。7125” id="M217" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:32.349998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 32.349998 14.7125" width="32.349998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.23)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.62,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-61.27,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.940125" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>。因此,我们有<年代p一个ncl作为年代=”equation" id="eq25"> <svg height="210.08749" id="M218" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 210.08749" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,210.0875)"> <g transform="translate(72,96.07)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,61.99,43.82)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,68.31,40.69)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,74.75,43.82)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="41.259998" y="-13.08"> ⎡</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="41.259998" y="-2.23"> ⎢</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="41.259998" y="8.6099997"> ⎢</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="41.259998" y="19.4"> ⎣</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="274.39001" y="-13.08"> ⎤</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="274.39001" y="-2.23"> ⎥</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="274.39001" y="8.6099997"> ⎥</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="274.39001" y="19.4"> ⎦</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.940125" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.566956" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.607344" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="65.239998" y="-10.63"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="95.809837" y="-10.63"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="104.37439" y="-10.63"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="110.62589" y="-10.63"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="113.75164" y="-10.63"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="120.00314" y="-10.63"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="126.25464" y="-10.63"> 3</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="156.82448" y="-10.63"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="187.40681" y="-10.63"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="193.65831" y="-10.63"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="196.78406" y="-10.63"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="203.03557" y="-10.63"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="209.28706" y="-10.63"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="215.53856" y="-10.63"> 7</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="227.76649" y="-10.63"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="239.99443" y="-10.63"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="246.24593" y="-10.63"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="249.37167" y="-10.63"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="255.62318" y="-10.63"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="261.87469" y="-10.63"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="268.12619" y="-10.63"> 7</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="46.889999" y="14.38"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="55.454556" y="14.38"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="61.706055" y="14.38"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="64.831802" y="14.38"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="71.083305" y="14.38"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="77.334808" y="14.38"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="83.586304" y="14.38"> 3</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="96.964516" y="14.38"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="103.21602" y="14.38"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="106.34177" y="14.38"> 3</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="112.59326" y="14.38"> 3</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="118.84476" y="14.38"> 5</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="125.09627" y="14.38"> 3</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="138.47447" y="14.38"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="147.03903" y="14.38"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="153.29053" y="14.38"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="156.41628" y="14.38"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="162.66779" y="14.38"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="168.91928" y="14.38"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="175.17078" y="14.38"> 7</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="187.41122" y="14.38"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="193.66272" y="14.38"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="196.78847" y="14.38"> 3</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="203.03996" y="14.38"> 3</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="209.29147" y="14.38"> 4</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="215.54297" y="14.38"> 3</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="227.7709" y="14.38"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="239.99884" y="14.38"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="246.25034" y="14.38"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="249.37608" y="14.38"> 3</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="255.62758" y="14.38"> 3</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="261.87909" y="14.38"> 3</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="268.13058" y="14.38"> 3</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.84" y="58.98"> ×</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.617584" y="58.98"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="49.89529" y="58.98"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="54.058792" y="58.98"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="60.835419" y="58.98"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="66.036667" y="58.98"> 2</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="72.288162" y="58.98"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="79.227333" y="58.98"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="90.580055" y="58.98"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="96.831551" y="58.98"> 0</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,177.84,-9.99)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.99512" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.37112" y="0"> 7</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,195.17,-2.08)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ⎡</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="10.84"> ⎢</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="21.690001"> ⎢</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="32.48"> ⎣</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="109.73" y="1.7763568e-015"> ⎤</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="109.73" y="10.84"> ⎥</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="109.73" y="21.690001"> ⎥</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="109.73" y="32.48"> ⎦</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-92.580002" y="72.059998"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-81.230003" y="58.970001"> ⎡</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-81.230003" y="69.82"> ⎢</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-81.230003" y="80.669998"> ⎢</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-81.230003" y="91.459999"> ⎣</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-53.73" y="58.970001"> ⎤</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-53.73" y="69.82"> ⎥</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-53.73" y="80.669998"> ⎥</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-53.73" y="91.459999"> ⎦</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-46.02" y="72.059998"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.6199999" y="2.45"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.184555" y="2.45"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.436054" y="2.45"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.561806" y="2.45"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.813305" y="2.45"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.064804" y="2.45"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.316303" y="2.45"> 7</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="54.544239" y="2.45"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="63.108795" y="2.45"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="69.360291" y="2.45"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="72.486046" y="2.45"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="78.737541" y="2.45"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="84.989044" y="2.45"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="91.240547" y="2.45"> 3</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="103.46848" y="2.45"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.6199999" y="27.459999"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.184555" y="27.459999"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.436054" y="27.459999"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.561806" y="27.459999"> 5</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.813305" y="27.459999"> 2</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.064804" y="27.459999"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.316303" y="27.459999"> 4</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="54.544239" y="27.459999"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="63.108795" y="27.459999"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="69.360291" y="27.459999"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="72.486046" y="27.459999"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="78.737541" y="27.459999"> 4</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="84.989044" y="27.459999"> 8</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="91.240547" y="27.459999"> 6</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="103.46848" y="27.459999"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="117.44" y="13.08"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="129.70544" y="13.08"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="133.86894" y="13.08"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="140.64557" y="13.08"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="145.84682" y="13.08"> 2</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="152.09831" y="13.08"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-75.610001" y="61.43"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-69.358498" y="61.43"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-66.23275" y="61.43"> 2</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-59.981251" y="61.43"> 3</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-75.610001" y="86.440002"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-69.358498" y="86.440002"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-66.23275" y="86.440002"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-59.981251" y="86.440002"> 7</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="272.70001" y="13.08"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="276.86349" y="13.08"> 5</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="283.11499" y="13.08"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="289.36649" y="13.08"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg></span>使用(<一个href=”#EEq4">5</一个>),我们获得剩余<年代vghe我ght=”13。45”我d="M219" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:25.375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 25.375 13.45" width="25.375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.45)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.1012239" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.2647228" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.041349" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>:<年代p一个ncl作为年代=”equation" id="eq26"> <svg height="204.55" id="M220" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 204.55" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,204.55)"> <g transform="translate(72,91.64)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-70.83,-6.19)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.799999" y="-63.080002"> ⎛</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.799999" y="-52.040001"> ⎜</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.799999" y="-40.990002"> ⎜</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.799999" y="-29.950001"> ⎜</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.799999" y="-18.9"> ⎜</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.799999" y="-7.8499999"> ⎜</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.799999" y="3.1900001"> ⎜</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.799999" y="14.24"> ⎜</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.799999" y="25.280001"> ⎜</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.799999" y="36.330002"> ⎜</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.799999" y="47.380001"> ⎜</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.799999" y="58.419998"> ⎜</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.799999" y="69.410004"> ⎝</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="331" y="-63.080002"> ⎞</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="331" y="-52.040001"> ⎟</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="331" y="-40.990002"> ⎟</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="331" y="-29.950001"> ⎟</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="331" y="-18.9"> ⎟</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="331" y="-7.8499999"> ⎟</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="331" y="3.1900001"> ⎟</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="331" y="14.24"> ⎟</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="331" y="25.280001"> ⎟</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="331" y="36.330002"> ⎟</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="331" y="47.380001"> ⎟</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="331" y="58.419998"> ⎟</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="331" y="69.410004"> ⎠</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="390.67001" y="-63.080002"> ⎛</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="390.67001" y="-52.040001"> ⎜</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="390.67001" y="-40.990002"> ⎜</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="390.67001" y="-29.950001"> ⎜</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="390.67001" y="-18.9"> ⎜</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="390.67001" y="-7.8499999"> ⎜</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="390.67001" y="3.1900001"> ⎜</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="390.67001" y="14.24"> ⎜</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="390.67001" y="25.280001"> ⎜</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="390.67001" y="36.330002"> ⎜</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="390.67001" y="47.380001"> ⎜</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="390.67001" y="58.419998"> ⎜</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="390.67001" y="69.410004"> ⎝</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="506.64999" y="-63.080002"> ⎞</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="506.64999" y="-52.040001"> ⎟</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="506.64999" y="-40.990002"> ⎟</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="506.64999" y="-29.950001"> ⎟</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="506.64999" y="-18.9"> ⎟</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="506.64999" y="-7.8499999"> ⎟</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="506.64999" y="3.1900001"> ⎟</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="506.64999" y="14.24"> ⎟</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="506.64999" y="25.280001"> ⎟</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="506.64999" y="36.330002"> ⎟</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="506.64999" y="47.380001"> ⎟</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="506.64999" y="58.419998"> ⎟</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="506.64999" y="69.410004"> ⎠</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.176722" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.116846" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.75618" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="47.709999" y="-60.639999"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="53.961498" y="-60.639999"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="57.08725" y="-60.639999"> 6</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="63.338749" y="-60.639999"> 6</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="69.590248" y="-60.639999"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="75.841751" y="-60.639999"> 9</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="96.621735" y="-60.639999"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="102.87324" y="-60.639999"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="105.99899" y="-60.639999"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="112.25049" y="-60.639999"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="118.50198" y="-60.639999"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="124.75349" y="-60.639999"> 6</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="141.26994" y="-60.639999"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="149.8345" y="-60.639999"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="156.086" y="-60.639999"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="159.21176" y="-60.639999"> 3</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="165.46326" y="-60.639999"> 3</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="171.71475" y="-60.639999"> 5</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="177.96625" y="-60.639999"> 7</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="194.48271" y="-60.639999"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="200.73422" y="-60.639999"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="203.85997" y="-60.639999"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="210.11147" y="-60.639999"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="216.36296" y="-60.639999"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="222.61447" y="-60.639999"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="239.11842" y="-60.639999"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="247.68298" y="-60.639999"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="253.93448" y="-60.639999"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="257.06024" y="-60.639999"> 3</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="263.31174" y="-60.639999"> 3</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="269.56323" y="-60.639999"> 3</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="275.81473" y="-60.639999"> 3</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="292.33121" y="-60.639999"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="298.5827" y="-60.639999"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="301.70844" y="-60.639999"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="307.95993" y="-60.639999"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="314.21146" y="-60.639999"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="320.46295" y="-60.639999"> 3</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="47.709999" y="-35.630001"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="53.961498" y="-35.630001"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="57.08725" y="-35.630001"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="63.338749" y="-35.630001"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="69.590248" y="-35.630001"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="75.841751" y="-35.630001"> 6</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="96.621735" y="-35.630001"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="102.87324" y="-35.630001"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="105.99899" y="-35.630001"> 6</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="112.25049" y="-35.630001"> 6</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="118.50198" y="-35.630001"> 4</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="124.75349" y="-35.630001"> 7</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="145.54597" y="-35.630001"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="151.79747" y="-35.630001"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="154.92322" y="-35.630001"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="161.17473" y="-35.630001"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="167.42622" y="-35.630001"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="173.67772" y="-35.630001"> 7</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="190.19418" y="-35.630001"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="198.75874" y="-35.630001"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="205.01024" y="-35.630001"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="208.13599" y="-35.630001"> 3</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="214.3875" y="-35.630001"> 3</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="220.63899" y="-35.630001"> 4</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="226.89049" y="-35.630001"> 3</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="239.11842" y="-35.630001"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="247.68298" y="-35.630001"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="253.93448" y="-35.630001"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="257.06024" y="-35.630001"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="263.31174" y="-35.630001"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="269.56323" y="-35.630001"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="275.81473" y="-35.630001"> 3</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="288.04266" y="-35.630001"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="296.60721" y="-35.630001"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="302.85873" y="-35.630001"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="305.98447" y="-35.630001"> 3</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="312.23596" y="-35.630001"> 3</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="318.48746" y="-35.630001"> 3</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="324.73898" y="-35.630001"> 3</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="43.419998" y="-10.62"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="51.984554" y="-10.62"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="58.236053" y="-10.62"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="61.361805" y="-10.62"> 3</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="67.613304" y="-10.62"> 3</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="73.864807" y="-10.62"> 5</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="80.116302" y="-10.62"> 7</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="96.620262" y="-10.62"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="102.87177" y="-10.62"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="105.99751" y="-10.62"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="112.24902" y="-10.62"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="118.50052" y="-10.62"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="124.75201" y="-10.62"> 7</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="145.55701" y="-10.62"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="151.8085" y="-10.62"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="154.93425" y="-10.62"> 6</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="161.18576" y="-10.62"> 6</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="167.43726" y="-10.62"> 6</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="173.68875" y="-10.62"> 7</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="190.19272" y="-10.62"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="198.75728" y="-10.62"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="205.00877" y="-10.62"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="208.13452" y="-10.62"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="214.38602" y="-10.62"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="220.63753" y="-10.62"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="226.88902" y="-10.62"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="239.11696" y="-10.62"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="247.68152" y="-10.62"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="253.93301" y="-10.62"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="257.05875" y="-10.62"> 3</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="263.31027" y="-10.62"> 3</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="269.56177" y="-10.62"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="275.81326" y="-10.62"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="288.0412" y="-10.62"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="296.60574" y="-10.62"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="302.85724" y="-10.62"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="305.983" y="-10.62"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="312.2345" y="-10.62"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="318.48599" y="-10.62"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="324.73749" y="-10.62"> 7</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="47.709999" y="14.38"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="53.961498" y="14.38"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="57.08725" y="14.38"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="63.338749" y="14.38"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="69.590248" y="14.38"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="75.841751" y="14.38"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="92.345711" y="14.38"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="100.91026" y="14.38"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="107.16177" y="14.38"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="110.28751" y="14.38"> 3</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="116.53902" y="14.38"> 3</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="122.79051" y="14.38"> 4</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="129.04201" y="14.38"> 3</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="141.26994" y="14.38"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="149.8345" y="14.38"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="156.086" y="14.38"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="159.21176" y="14.38"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="165.46326" y="14.38"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="171.71475" y="14.38"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="177.96625" y="14.38"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="194.48271" y="14.38"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="200.73422" y="14.38"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="203.85997" y="14.38"> 6</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="210.11147" y="14.38"> 6</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="216.36296" y="14.38"> 6</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="222.61447" y="14.38"> 7</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="239.11842" y="14.38"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="247.68298" y="14.38"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="253.93448" y="14.38"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="257.06024" y="14.38"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="263.31174" y="14.38"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="269.56323" y="14.38"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="275.81473" y="14.38"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="288.04266" y="14.38"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="296.60721" y="14.38"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="302.85873" y="14.38"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="305.98447" y="14.38"> 3</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="312.23596" y="14.38"> 3</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="318.48746" y="14.38"> 2</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="324.73898" y="14.38"> 4</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="43.419998" y="39.389999"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="51.984554" y="39.389999"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="58.236053" y="39.389999"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="61.361805" y="39.389999"> 3</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="67.613304" y="39.389999"> 3</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="73.864807" y="39.389999"> 3</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="80.116302" y="39.389999"> 3</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="92.344238" y="39.389999"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="100.90879" y="39.389999"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="107.16029" y="39.389999"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="110.28604" y="39.389999"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="116.53754" y="39.389999"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="122.78905" y="39.389999"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="129.04054" y="39.389999"> 3</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="141.26848" y="39.389999"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="149.83304" y="39.389999"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="156.08453" y="39.389999"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="159.21028" y="39.389999"> 3</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="165.46178" y="39.389999"> 3</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="171.71329" y="39.389999"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="177.96478" y="39.389999"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="190.19272" y="39.389999"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="198.75728" y="39.389999"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="205.00877" y="39.389999"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="208.13452" y="39.389999"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="214.38602" y="39.389999"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="220.63753" y="39.389999"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="226.88902" y="39.389999"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="243.40549" y="39.389999"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="249.65698" y="39.389999"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="252.78273" y="39.389999"> 6</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="259.03424" y="39.389999"> 7</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="265.28574" y="39.389999"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="271.53723" y="39.389999"> 4</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="288.0412" y="39.389999"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="296.60574" y="39.389999"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="302.85724" y="39.389999"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="305.983" y="39.389999"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="312.2345" y="39.389999"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="318.48599" y="39.389999"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="324.73749" y="39.389999"> 6</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="47.709999" y="64.400002"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="53.961498" y="64.400002"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="57.08725" y="64.400002"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="63.338749" y="64.400002"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="69.590248" y="64.400002"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="75.841751" y="64.400002"> 3</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="92.345711" y="64.400002"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="100.91026" y="64.400002"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="107.16177" y="64.400002"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="110.28751" y="64.400002"> 3</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="116.53902" y="64.400002"> 3</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="122.79051" y="64.400002"> 3</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="129.04201" y="64.400002"> 3</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="141.26994" y="64.400002"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="149.8345" y="64.400002"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="156.086" y="64.400002"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="159.21176" y="64.400002"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="165.46326" y="64.400002"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="171.71475" y="64.400002"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="177.96625" y="64.400002"> 7</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="190.19418" y="64.400002"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="198.75874" y="64.400002"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="205.01024" y="64.400002"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="208.13599" y="64.400002"> 3</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="214.3875" y="64.400002"> 3</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="220.63899" y="64.400002"> 2</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="226.89049" y="64.400002"> 4</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="239.11842" y="64.400002"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="247.68298" y="64.400002"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="253.93448" y="64.400002"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="257.06024" y="64.400002"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="263.31174" y="64.400002"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="269.56323" y="64.400002"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="275.81473" y="64.400002"> 6</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="292.33121" y="64.400002"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="298.5827" y="64.400002"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="301.70844" y="64.400002"> 6</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="307.95993" y="64.400002"> 6</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="314.21146" y="64.400002"> 8</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="320.46295" y="64.400002"> 6</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="338.70999" y="-1.7763568e-015"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="349.97519" y="-1.7763568e-015"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="354.1387" y="-1.7763568e-015"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="360.91531" y="-1.7763568e-015"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="366.12909" y="-1.7763568e-015"> 2</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="372.38058" y="-1.7763568e-015"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="379.31973" y="-1.7763568e-015"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="396.29999" y="-60.639999"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="404.86456" y="-60.639999"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="411.11606" y="-60.639999"> 3</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="417.36755" y="-60.639999"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="420.49332" y="-60.639999"> 4</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="426.74481" y="-60.639999"> 9</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="432.99631" y="-60.639999"> 4</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="439.2478" y="-60.639999"> 6</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="451.47574" y="-60.639999"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="460.04028" y="-60.639999"> 6</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="466.29181" y="-60.639999"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="469.41754" y="-60.639999"> 7</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="475.66904" y="-60.639999"> 4</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="481.92053" y="-60.639999"> 7</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="488.17206" y="-60.639999"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="500.39996" y="-60.639999"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="399.42001" y="-35.630001"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="407.98456" y="-35.630001"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="414.23605" y="-35.630001"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="417.36182" y="-35.630001"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="423.61331" y="-35.630001"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="429.86481" y="-35.630001"> 6</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="436.1163" y="-35.630001"> 4</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="451.47" y="-35.630001"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="460.03455" y="-35.630001"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="466.28604" y="-35.630001"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="469.4118" y="-35.630001"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="475.6633" y="-35.630001"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="481.91479" y="-35.630001"> 6</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="488.16629" y="-35.630001"> 3</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="500.39423" y="-35.630001"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="403.70999" y="-10.62"> 6</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="409.96149" y="-10.62"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="413.08725" y="-10.62"> 8</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="419.33875" y="-10.62"> 4</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="425.59024" y="-10.62"> 3</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="431.84174" y="-10.62"> 7</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="451.47147" y="-10.62"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="460.03601" y="-10.62"> 6</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="466.28751" y="-10.62"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="469.41327" y="-10.62"> 6</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="475.66476" y="-10.62"> 9</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="481.91626" y="-10.62"> 9</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="488.16776" y="-10.62"> 4</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="500.39569" y="-10.62"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="399.42001" y="14.38"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="407.98456" y="14.38"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="414.23605" y="14.38"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="417.36182" y="14.38"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="423.61331" y="14.38"> 3</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="429.86481" y="14.38"> 3</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="436.1163" y="14.38"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="451.47" y="14.38"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="460.03455" y="14.38"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="466.28604" y="14.38"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="469.4118" y="14.38"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="475.6633" y="14.38"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="481.91479" y="14.38"> 9</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="488.16629" y="14.38"> 7</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="500.39423" y="14.38"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="403.70999" y="39.389999"> 6</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="409.96149" y="39.389999"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="413.08725" y="39.389999"> 7</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="419.33875" y="39.389999"> 9</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="425.59024" y="39.389999"> 5</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="431.84174" y="39.389999"> 2</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="452.62173" y="39.389999"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="458.87323" y="39.389999"> 3</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="465.12473" y="39.389999"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="468.25049" y="39.389999"> 5</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="474.50198" y="39.389999"> 9</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="480.75348" y="39.389999"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="487.00497" y="39.389999"> 8</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="500.39569" y="39.389999"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="399.42001" y="64.400002"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="407.98456" y="64.400002"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="414.23605" y="64.400002"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="417.36182" y="64.400002"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="423.61331" y="64.400002"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="429.86481" y="64.400002"> 9</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="436.1163" y="64.400002"> 5</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="451.47" y="64.400002"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="460.03455" y="64.400002"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="466.28604" y="64.400002"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="469.4118" y="64.400002"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="475.6633" y="64.400002"> 3</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="481.91479" y="64.400002"> 2</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="488.16629" y="64.400002"> 9</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="500.39423" y="64.400002"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="514.35999" y="-1.7763568e-015"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="526.62543" y="-1.7763568e-015"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="530.78894" y="-1.7763568e-015"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="537.56555" y="-1.7763568e-015"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="542.7793" y="-1.7763568e-015"> 2</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="549.03082" y="-1.7763568e-015"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="555.28235" y="-1.7763568e-015"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="538.70001" y="81.650002"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="542.86353" y="81.650002"> 5</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="549.11499" y="81.650002"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="555.36652" y="81.650002"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg></span>现在,我们假设水箱的液位传感器<年代vghe我ght=”14。2375” id="M221" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:17.7875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.7875 14.2375" width="17.7875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.2375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.61)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.7,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>坏掉了,所以唯一的水位<年代vghe我ght=”14。7125” id="M222" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:15.2375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 15.2375 14.7125" width="15.2375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.23)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.41)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ℎ</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.74,60.28)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>在坦克<年代vghe我ght=”14。2375” id="M223" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:17.7875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.7875 14.2375" width="17.7875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.2375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.61)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.7,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>是测量。因此,输出变量是用以下形式:<年代p一个ncl作为年代=”equation" id="eq27"> <svg height="31.387501" id="M224" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 31.387501" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,31.3875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-46.89)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,119.93,56.32)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.900002" y="4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="63.119999" y="4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.2769861" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.440485" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.217112" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.856443" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="44.639999" y="1.87"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="56.855431" y="1.87"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="70.940002" y="0"> ℎ</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="80.229729" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="84.393227" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="91.169853" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="97.421356" y="0"> ;</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="112.93758" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,241.27,53.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,249.62,56.32)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.03" y="4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.25" y="4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.77" y="1.87"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.997934" y="1.87"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="44.080002" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="218.25" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="222.4135" y="0"> 5</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="228.66499" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="234.9165" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg></span>使用(<一个href=”#EEq21a">30</一个>)- (<一个href=”#EEq21a">30 d</一个>),约束观察者系统<年代p一个ncl作为年代=”equation" id="eq28"> <svg height="136.3625" id="M225" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 136.3625" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,136.3625)"> <g transform="translate(72,37.09)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,74.34,43.82)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="61.580002" y="-13.08"> ⎡</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="61.580002" y="-2.23"> ⎢</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="61.580002" y="8.6099997"> ⎢</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="61.580002" y="19.4"> ⎣</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="131.75999" y="-13.08"> ⎤</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="131.75999" y="-2.23"> ⎥</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="131.75999" y="8.6099997"> ⎥</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="131.75999" y="19.4"> ⎦</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="179.3" y="-13.08"> ⎡</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="179.3" y="-2.23"> ⎢</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="179.3" y="8.6099997"> ⎢</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="179.3" y="19.4"> ⎣</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="233.85001" y="-13.08"> ⎤</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="233.85001" y="-2.23"> ⎥</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="233.85001" y="8.6099997"> ⎥</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="233.85001" y="19.4"> ⎦</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="68.190002" y="58.880001"> ̂</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="61.330002" y="58.98"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.590041" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.75354" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.305832" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.646053" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="41.897552" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="49.536884" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="67.209999" y="-10.63"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="75.774551" y="-10.63"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="82.026054" y="-10.63"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="85.151802" y="-10.63"> 3</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="111.44562" y="-10.63"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="76.18" y="14.38"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="97.372581" y="14.38"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="103.62408" y="14.38"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="106.74983" y="14.38"> 9</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="113.00134" y="14.38"> 9</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="119.25284" y="14.38"> 7</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="125.50433" y="14.38"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="139.47" y="7.1054274e-015"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="150.06004" y="7.1054274e-015"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="154.22354" y="7.1054274e-015"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="161.00017" y="7.1054274e-015"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="167.95183" y="7.1054274e-015"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="200.14999" y="-10.63"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="227.59409" y="-10.63"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="184.92" y="14.38"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="193.48456" y="14.38"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="199.73605" y="14.38"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="202.8618" y="14.38"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="209.11331" y="14.38"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="215.36481" y="14.38"> 2</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="227.59274" y="14.38"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="241.56" y="7.1054274e-015"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="249.83699" y="7.1054274e-015"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="254.00049" y="7.1054274e-015"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="260.7771" y="7.1054274e-015"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="267.02863" y="7.1054274e-015"> ,</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,142,-18.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,148.96,-15.15)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="70.43" y="-13.07"> ⎡</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="70.43" y="-2.23"> ⎢</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="70.43" y="8.6199999"> ⎢</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="70.43" y="19.41"> ⎣</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="103.11" y="-13.07"> ⎤</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="103.11" y="-2.23"> ⎥</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="103.11" y="8.6199999"> ⎥</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="103.11" y="19.41"> ⎦</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1599998" y="0.0099999998"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.936626" y="0.0099999998"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.563456" y="0.0099999998"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.603846" y="0.0099999998"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="41.20639" y="0.0099999998"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.369888" y="0.0099999998"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="52.146515" y="0.0099999998"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="59.085678" y="0.0099999998"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="76.059998" y="-10.62"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="84.624557" y="-10.62"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="96.852486" y="-10.62"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="80.339996" y="14.39"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="96.843964" y="14.39"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="110.82" y="0.0099999998"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="119.09698" y="0.0099999998"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="123.26048" y="0.0099999998"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="130.03711" y="0.0099999998"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="318.91" y="-29.48"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="323.07349" y="-29.48"> 5</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="329.32501" y="-29.48"> 3</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="335.57651" y="-29.48"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg></span>和观察者的存在条件满足:<年代p一个ncl作为年代=”equation" id="eq29"> <svg height="31.387501" id="M226" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 31.387501" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,31.3875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-46.89)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,132.73,56.32)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.379999" y="4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.119999" y="1.87"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> r</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> 一个</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.7148314" y="0"> n</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.966331" y="0"> k</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,173.24,51.32)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,184.09,54.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.54" y="3.05"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="57.18" y="-1.83"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="61.34" y="-1.87"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="70.879997" y="-1.83"> ]</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.76" y="-1.87"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.787886" y="-1.87"> r</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.951385" y="-1.87"> 一个</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.502716" y="-1.87"> n</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="46.754215" y="-1.87"> k</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="78.519997" y="-1.87"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="90.54789" y="-1.87"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="96.799385" y="-1.87"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="283.78" y="-1.87"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="287.94351" y="-1.87"> 5</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="294.19501" y="-1.87"> 4</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="300.4465" y="-1.87"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg></span>这一对<年代vghe我ght=”13。45”我d="M227" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:71.449997px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 71.449997 13.45" width="71.449997" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.45)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.3269978" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.75378" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.718431" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.881929" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.246677" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="46.636189" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="52.887691" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>是可观测的。它可以测试通过使用史密斯形式(<一个href=”#B14">14</一个>,<gydF4y2Ba一个href=”#B15">15</一个>]:<gydF4y2Ba年代p一个ncl作为年代=”equation" id="eq30"> <svg height="62.637501" id="M228" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 62.637501" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,62.6375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-21.89)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,153.3,43.82)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.379999" y="-13.08"> ⎡</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.379999" y="-2.23"> ⎢</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.379999" y="8.6099997"> ⎢</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.379999" y="19.4"> ⎣</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> r</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> 一个</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.7148314" y="0"> n</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.966331" y="0"> k</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.009998" y="-10.63"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.248997" y="-10.63"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,197.55,51.32)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,205.2,54.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-2.71" y="25.01"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.767002" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,210.88,26.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,232.94,56.9)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ⎤</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="10.85"> ⎥</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="21.690001"> ⎥</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="32.48"> ⎦</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.1000004" y="13.08"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.127886" y="13.08"> 2</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.379387" y="13.08"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="234.92999" y="13.08"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="239.09351" y="13.08"> 5</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="245.345" y="13.08"> 5</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="251.5965" y="13.08"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg></span>在哪里<年代vghe我ght=”7。375” id="M229" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:7.9250002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 7.9250002 7.375" width="7.9250002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-66.1)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.32)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>是操作变量的<年代vghe我ght=”7。375” id="M230" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:7.9250002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 7.9250002 7.375" width="7.9250002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-66.1)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.32)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>变换。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba现在,一个降维观测器设计。目的是估计只有不可测约束监测水位信息的第二个柜<年代vghe我ght=”14。2375” id="M231" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:17.7875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.7875 14.2375" width="17.7875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.2375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.61)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.7,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>。它需要分解矩阵<年代vghe我ght=”12。75” id="M232" style="vertical-align:-1.76814pt;width:57.700001px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 57.700001 12.75" width="57.700001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.75)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.8)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.61)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.915119" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.279865" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.706648" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.083897" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>,<年代vghe我ght=”10。325" id="M233" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:12.05px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 12.05 10.325" width="12.05" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>如下:<年代p一个ncl作为年代=”equation" id="eq31"> <svg height="125.15" id="M234" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 125.15" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,125.15)"> <g transform="translate(72,28.12)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,59.52,43.82)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.43" y="4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.169998" y="1.88"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.390953" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,102.6,38.82)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,113.46,41.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,124.37,38.82)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,129.25,38.9)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.21" y="-4.9200001"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.25" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="54.029999" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="110.23" y="-18"> ⎡</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="110.23" y="-7.1500001"> ⎢</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="110.23" y="3.6900001"> ⎢</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="110.23" y="14.48"> ⎣</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="115.85" y="-15.55"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.98" y="-3.04"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.207935" y="-3.04"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="47.772488" y="-3.04"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="61.849998" y="-4.9200001"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="86.981033" y="-4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="98.183716" y="-4.9200001"> =</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,252.83,51.32)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,245.1,29.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,252.83,26.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,257.7,56.9)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ⎤</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="10.85"> ⎥</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="21.690001"> ⎥</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="32.48"> ⎦</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.1000004" y="13.08"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.127886" y="13.08"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.379387" y="13.08"> 0</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,291.34,48.99)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.99512" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,304.3,56.9)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ⎡</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="10.85"> ⎢</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="21.690001"> ⎢</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="32.48"> ⎣</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.73" y="27.459999"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.09" y="0"> ⎤</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.09" y="10.85"> ⎥</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.09" y="21.690001"> ⎥</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.09" y="32.48"> ⎦</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="49.799999" y="13.08"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-163.88" y="50.009998"> ⎡</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-163.88" y="60.860001"> ⎢</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-163.88" y="71.709999"> ⎢</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-163.88" y="82.489998"> ⎣</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-158.25" y="52.470001"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.6199999" y="2.45"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.8715" y="2.45"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.072748" y="2.45"> 8</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.324247" y="2.45"> 2</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.575748" y="2.45"> 3</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.827248" y="2.45"> 9</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-188.35001" y="63.09"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-175.92201" y="63.09"> =</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,155.02,1.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,170.24,4.43)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,179.21,1.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,146.05,-20.57)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,155.02,-23.7)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,170.24,-20.57)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,179.21,-23.7)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,188.46,6.89)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ⎤</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="10.85"> ⎥</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="21.700001"> ⎥</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="32.48"> ⎦</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.1000004" y="13.08"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.139999" y="5.3290705e-015"> ⎡</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.139999" y="10.85"> ⎢</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.139999" y="21.700001"> ⎢</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.139999" y="32.48"> ⎣</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="101.51" y="1.0658141e-014"> ⎤</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="101.51" y="10.85"> ⎥</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="101.51" y="21.700001"> ⎥</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="101.51" y="32.48"> ⎦</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="109.22" y="13.08"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.76" y="2.46"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.011501" y="2.46"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.137249" y="2.46"> 9</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.388748" y="2.46"> 9</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="48.640251" y="2.46"> 2</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="54.89175" y="2.46"> 9</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="67.119682" y="2.46"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="73.371185" y="2.46"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="76.496933" y="2.46"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="82.748436" y="2.46"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="88.999931" y="2.46"> 2</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="95.251434" y="2.46"> 5</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.889999" y="27.459999"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.141499" y="27.459999"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.26725" y="27.459999"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.518749" y="27.459999"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="51.770248" y="27.459999"> 2</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="67.111427" y="27.459999"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="73.36293" y="27.459999"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="76.488678" y="27.459999"> 9</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="82.740181" y="27.459999"> 9</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="88.991684" y="27.459999"> 7</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="95.243179" y="27.459999"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="279.41" y="-11.92"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="283.57349" y="-11.92"> 5</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="289.82501" y="-11.92"> 6</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="296.07651" y="-11.92"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg></span>通过应用(<一个href=”#EEq24a">36个</一个>)- (<一个href=”#EEq24a">36 f</一个>),观察者的矩阵<年代p一个ncl作为年代=”equation" id="eq32"> <svg height="64.987503" id="M235" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 64.987503" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,64.9875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-20.01)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,65.48,54.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.940001" y="4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="55.720001" y="4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.890113" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.68" y="1.88"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.895432" y="1.88"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="49.459988" y="1.88"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="63.540001" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="88.671028" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="102.78692" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="114.82731" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="121.0788" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="124.20456" y="0"> 9</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="130.45605" y="0"> 9</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="136.70755" y="0"> 7</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="142.95906" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="149.21056" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="174.34158" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="186.66954" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="198.69743" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="204.94893" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="208.07468" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="214.32619" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="220.57768" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="226.82918" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="251.97272" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="264.3757" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="276.40356" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="282.65506" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="125.86" y="26.889999"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="138.51303" y="26.889999"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="150.54092" y="26.889999"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="156.79242" y="26.889999"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="402.39001" y="11.57"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="406.5535" y="11.57"> 5</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="412.80499" y="11.57"> 7</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="419.05649" y="11.57"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg></span>因此,动态观察<年代p一个ncl作为年代=”equation" id="eq33"> <svg height="41.349998" id="M236" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 41.349998" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,41.35)"> <g transform="translate(72,-38.92)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,113.16,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="65.720001" y="20.379999"> ̂</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="58.849998" y="20.48"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.590041" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.75354" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.305832" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.646053" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="41.897552" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="49.536884" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="61.577274" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="67.828773" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="70.954529" y="0"> 9</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="77.206024" y="0"> 9</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="83.457527" y="0"> 7</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="89.709023" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="95.960526" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="106.55057" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="110.71407" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="117.49069" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="124.44236" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="135.78258" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="142.03407" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="145.15984" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="151.41133" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="157.66283" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="163.91434" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="172.20381" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="176.36732" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="183.14395" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="189.38293" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,178.34,39.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,185.3,42.73)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.940125" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.566956" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.607344" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="41.197384" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.360886" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="52.137508" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="58.389011" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="282.57001" y="-9.6099997"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="286.73349" y="-9.6099997"> 5</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="292.98499" y="-9.6099997"> 8</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="299.23651" y="-9.6099997"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg></span></p> <h5 id="sec4.1">4.1。实验结果</h5><p>gydF4y2Ba监控算法上实现真正的流程中描述的图<一个href=”http年代://www.newsama.com/journals/jcse/2011/685261/fig1/" target="_blank">1</一个>。在这个过程中介绍了两种类型的错误:<年代p一个ncl作为年代=”l我年代t”><年代pan class="list-item"><span class="list-label">(我)</年代p一个n><年代p一个ncl作为年代="list-content">错误1:输出阀的堵塞,</年代p一个n></年代p一个n><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label">(2)</年代p一个n><年代p一个ncl作为年代="list-content">错误2:泵流。</年代p一个n></年代p一个n></span></p> <h6 id="sec4.1.1">以下4.4.1。故障1</h6><p>gydF4y2Ba流泵的<年代vghe我ght=”14。7”我d="M237" style="vertical-align:-3.21404pt;width:28.387501px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 28.387501 14.7" width="28.387501" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-66.22,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-61.58,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>= 4.94×10<年代up>−5</年代up>米<年代up>3</年代up>·年代<年代up>−1</年代up>,系统稳定水位<年代vghe我ght=”14。7125” id="M238" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:69.787498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 69.787498 14.7125" width="69.787498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.23)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.41)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ℎ</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.74,60.28)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-56.39,63.41)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.405136" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.656635" y="0"> 9</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.908134" y="0"> 7</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>米的坦克<年代vghe我ght=”14。2375” id="M239" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:17.7875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.7875 14.2375" width="17.7875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.2375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.61)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.7,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>和<年代vghe我ght=”14。725” id="M240" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:69.787498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 69.787498 14.725" width="69.787498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.725)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.22)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.4)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ℎ</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.74,60.27)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-56.39,63.4)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.405136" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.656635" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.908134" y="0"> 6</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>米的坦克<年代vghe我ght=”14。2375” id="M241" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:17.7875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.7875 14.2375" width="17.7875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.2375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.61)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.7,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>。输出的堵塞阀时间1530年代和2761年代之间增加了水位<年代vghe我ght=”14。7125” id="M242" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:15.2375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 15.2375 14.7125" width="15.2375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.23)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.41)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ℎ</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.74,60.28)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>和<年代vghe我ght=”14。7125” id="M243" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:15.2375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 15.2375 14.7125" width="15.2375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.23)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.41)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ℎ</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.74,60.28)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>并显示在图<一个href=”http年代://www.newsama.com/journals/jcse/2011/685261/fig3/" target="_blank">3</一个>异常情况。</p><d我vcl作为年代=”flo一个t年代-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig3"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig3"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="685261.fig.003" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/jcse/volume-2011/685261/figures/685261.fig.003.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图3</年代p一个n><一个一个r我一个-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jcse/2011/685261/fig3/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <svg height="14.7125" id="M244" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 15.2375 14.7125" width="15.2375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.23)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.41)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ℎ</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.74,60.28)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg> <svg height="14.7125" id="M245" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 15.2375 14.7125" width="15.2375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.23)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.41)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ℎ</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.74,60.28)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg> <svg height="14.2375" id="M246" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.7875 14.2375" width="17.7875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.2375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.61)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.7,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg> <svg height="14.2375" id="M247" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.7875 14.2375" width="17.7875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.2375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.61)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.7,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg> <table> 水位gydF4y2Ba和gydF4y2Ba在坦克gydF4y2Ba和gydF4y2Ba。</t一个ble></d我v></d我v> </div> <p>此外,平等残差<年代vghe我ght=”14。7125” id="M248" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:29.4px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 29.4 14.7125" width="29.4" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.23)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-66.85,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.63,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.940125" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>成为敏感的错。图<一个href=”http年代://www.newsama.com/journals/jcse/2011/685261/fig4/" target="_blank">4</一个>显示剩余时间1530年代和2761年代之间的干扰。因为它们是嘈杂的,必须使用信号分析技术提高故障诊断(<一个href=”#B16">16</一个>]。</p><d我vcl作为年代=”flo一个t年代-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig4"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig4"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="685261.fig.004" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/jcse/volume-2011/685261/figures/685261.fig.004.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图4</年代p一个n><一个一个r我一个-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jcse/2011/685261/fig4/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <svg height="14.7125" id="M249" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 29.4 14.7125" width="29.4" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.23)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-66.85,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.63,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.940125" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg> <table> 残差gydF4y2Ba。</t一个ble></d我v></d我v> </div> <p>这是看到IC-residuals<年代vghe我ght=”13。45”我d="M250" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:26.9125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 26.9125 13.45" width="26.9125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.45)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3265181" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.490017" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.266644" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>(图<一个href=”http年代://www.newsama.com/journals/jcse/2011/685261/fig5/" target="_blank">5</一个>)生成的平价和观察者的方法成为负时间窗(1530年代,<年代vghe我ght=”0。125”我d="M251" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:5.3375001px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 5.3375001 0.125" width="5.3375001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,0.125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-71.9)"></g> </g> </svg>2761年代)。因此,不等式约束违反。因此,故障检测。</p><d我vcl作为年代=”flo一个t年代-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig5"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig5"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="685261.fig.005" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/jcse/volume-2011/685261/figures/685261.fig.005.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图5</年代p一个n><一个一个r我一个-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jcse/2011/685261/fig5/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <svg height="13.45" id="M252" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 26.9125 13.45" width="26.9125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.45)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3265181" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.490017" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.266644" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg> <table> IC-residualgydF4y2Ba。</t一个ble></d我v></d我v> </div> <h6 id="sec4.1.2">4.1.2。故障2</h6><p>gydF4y2Ba在正常操作中,流泵<年代vghe我ght=”14。7”我d="M253" style="vertical-align:-3.21404pt;width:98.262497px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 98.262497 14.7" width="98.262497" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-66.22,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-61.58,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.940125" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.579458" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.607344" y="0"> 4</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.858845" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.984592" y="0"> 9</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="46.236095" y="0"> 4</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="57.351261" y="0"> ×</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>10<年代up>−5</年代up>米<年代up>3</年代up>·年代<年代up>−1</年代up>。我们已经介绍了泵的故障;它包括在增加其流动<年代vghe我ght=”14。7”我d="M254" style="vertical-align:-3.21404pt;width:111.55px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 111.55 14.7" width="111.55" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-66.22,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.148448" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-57.2,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.940125" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.566956" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.607344" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.858845" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.984592" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="46.236095" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="52.487595" y="0"> 7</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="63.60276" y="0"> ×</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>10<年代up>−4</年代up>米<年代up>3</年代up>·年代<年代up>−1</年代up>1705年代和2382年代之间的时间。水的水平<年代vghe我ght=”14。7125” id="M255" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:15.2375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 15.2375 14.7125" width="15.2375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.23)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.41)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ℎ</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.74,60.28)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>和<年代vghe我ght=”14。7125” id="M256" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:15.2375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 15.2375 14.7125" width="15.2375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.23)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.41)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ℎ</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.74,60.28)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>增加,显示在图<一个href=”http年代://www.newsama.com/journals/jcse/2011/685261/fig6/" target="_blank">6</一个>异常情况。</p><d我vcl作为年代=”flo一个t年代-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig6"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig6"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="685261.fig.006" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/jcse/volume-2011/685261/figures/685261.fig.006.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图6</年代p一个n><一个一个r我一个-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jcse/2011/685261/fig6/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <svg height="14.7125" id="M257" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 15.2375 14.7125" width="15.2375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.23)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.41)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ℎ</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.74,60.28)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg> <svg height="14.7125" id="M258" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 15.2375 14.7125" width="15.2375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.23)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.41)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ℎ</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.74,60.28)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg> <svg height="14.2375" id="M259" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.7875 14.2375" width="17.7875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.2375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.61)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.7,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg> <svg height="14.2375" id="M260" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.7875 14.2375" width="17.7875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.2375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.61)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.7,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg> <table> 水位gydF4y2Ba和gydF4y2Ba在坦克gydF4y2Ba和gydF4y2Ba。</t一个ble></d我v></d我v> </div> <p>我们备注(图<一个href=”http年代://www.newsama.com/journals/jcse/2011/685261/fig7/" target="_blank">7</一个>)平等残差不是很敏感,这种故障。必须使用信号分析技术提供一个好的决定。</p><d我vcl作为年代=”flo一个t年代-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig7"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig7"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="685261.fig.007" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/jcse/volume-2011/685261/figures/685261.fig.007.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图7</年代p一个n><一个一个r我一个-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jcse/2011/685261/fig7/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <svg height="14.7125" id="M261" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 29.4 14.7125" width="29.4" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.23)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-66.85,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.63,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.940125" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg> <table> 残差gydF4y2Ba。</t一个ble></d我v></d我v> </div> <p>然而,图<一个href=”http年代://www.newsama.com/journals/jcse/2011/685261/fig8/" target="_blank">8</一个>表明IC-residuals<年代vghe我ght=”13。45”我d="M262" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:26.9125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 26.9125 13.45" width="26.9125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.45)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3265181" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.490017" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.266644" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>变得消极。这意味着不等式约束的违反将错误的存在。所以,IC-residuals提供一个良好的故障检测。</p><d我vcl作为年代=”flo一个t年代-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig8"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig8"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="685261.fig.008" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/jcse/volume-2011/685261/figures/685261.fig.008.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图8</年代p一个n><一个一个r我一个-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jcse/2011/685261/fig8/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <svg height="13.45" id="M263" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 26.9125 13.45" width="26.9125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.45)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3265181" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.490017" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.266644" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg> <table> IC-residualgydF4y2Ba。</t一个ble></d我v></d我v> </div> <h4 id="conclusion">5。结论</h4><p>gydF4y2Ba本文提供的优势IC-residual故障检测已被证明。替换平价空间技术提出了为了表达IC-residual评价形式。全面和降维未知输入约束观察家为监控系统设计。结果是令人鼓舞的,类似于通过奇偶空间的方法。已经注意到,IC-residual检测外部故障没有包含在系统模型。在线实施IC-residual实际执行过程和许可来验证提出方法的相关性。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba我们未来的工作将包括改进的故障诊断和容错控制通过减少故障检测延迟。</p><h4gydF4y2Baid="acknowledgments">确认</h4><p>gydF4y2Ba作者要感谢大学教授文森特Cocquempot里尔的讨论和有用的评论。他们也感谢审稿人的宝贵意见和建议收到。</p></d我v><d我vcl作为年代="xml-content"> <h4 class="references" id="references">引用</h4><ol><l我我d="B1">r . 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Gentil&publication_year=2008" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></年代p一个n></li> </ol> </div> <div class="xml-content"> <h4 class="copyright" id="copyright">版权</h4><p>gydF4y2Ba版权©2011 Nadia Zanzouri et al。这是一个开放的分布式下文章<一个rel=”l我cen年代e”href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/">知识共享归属许可</一个>,它允许无限制的使用、分配和复制在任何媒介,提供最初的工作是正确引用。</p></d我v></d我v></article> </div> </div> </div> <div id="related-articles" class="biblio__Wrapper-sc-1nou1lz-0 eyHfWh journal_article__BiblioIntegratorWidget-sc-12fk6zy-5 dbAANp article_widget biblioWrapper hide"> <hr> <h4 class="biblio__H4-sc-1nou1lz-2 becpDt hrTitleRef">更多相关文章</h4>gydF4y2Ba对本文没有相关内容可用。<d我v我d=”b我bl我o_widget" class="biblio__BiblioWrapper-sc-1nou1lz-1 kaaUfC"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="threeColumn__RightWrapper-sc-1bf4078-2 jzTMLK rightWrapper" id="rightSectionMenu"> <div> <div class="journal_article__ArticleStickyTopToolbar-sc-12fk6zy-0 gbrQxi article_sticky_top_toolbar"> <div class="sc-cBdUnI hRnXob article_top_toolbar"> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-jtRfpW dUABlg sc-exkUMo hymroZ pdf_desktop button__group" href="//www.newsama.com/downloads/journals/jcse/2011/685261.pdf" aria-label="" target="_blank" id="toolbar__dcNavSmall"><span><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl sc-kTUwUJ eujois" title="" role="presentation" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/next_assets/Skk1S53sNQbVODZdlMjHV/_next/static/node_modules/hindawi-ui/src/icon/svg/pdf.svg" height="24"><span class="text">PDF</年代p一个n></年代p一个n><span class="sc-htoDjs bqeMOy sc-dqBHgY cQgXqt fileArrow icon-colored _3P4iUn1NDM5G77nWCamJ4l icon-themeable" title="" font-size="20"></span></a> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-jtRfpW dUABlg sc-kcDeIU cbcyj ref_desktop" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jcse/2011/685261.ris" aria-label="" target="" id="toolbar__dcNavLarge"><span><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl sc-kTUwUJ eujois" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="24"><span class="text">下载引用</年代p一个n></年代p一个n><span class="sc-htoDjs bqeMOy sc-dqBHgY cQgXqt fileArrow icon-colored _3P4iUn1NDM5G77nWCamJ4l icon-themeable" title="" font-size="20"></span></a> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-jtRfpW dUABlg sc-BngTV hmDWcT ref_desktop" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jcse/2011/685261.ris" aria-label="" target="" id="toolbar__dcNavSmall"><span><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl sc-kTUwUJ eujois" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="24"><span class="text">引用</年代p一个n></年代p一个n><span class="sc-htoDjs bqeMOy sc-dqBHgY cQgXqt fileArrow icon-colored _3P4iUn1NDM5G77nWCamJ4l icon-themeable" title="" font-size="20"></span></a> </div> </div> <div class="journal_article__ArticleStickyBottomToolbar-sc-12fk6zy-1 isgRZA article_sticky_bottom_toolbar"> <div class="sc-cTjmhe ihmyEq article_bottom_toolbar"> <div class="sc-cugefK itFKcQ accordion" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8" id="toolbar__dofNav"> <span><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl sc-bfYoXt cGuwDn" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="24"><span class="sc-dRFtgE jrsDZP">下载其他格式</年代p一个n><年代p一个ncl作为年代="sc-gkFcWv gWTCXQ">更多的</年代p一个n></年代p一个n> <span class="sc-htoDjs bMdQcY sc-gbOuXE jGPvPL icon-colored _1CwL9R82TPl2HxDleeYGDR icon-themeable" title="" font-size="11"></span> </div> <div class="sc-fnwBNb etzuBr"> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-iNhVCk gWgCNb open_panel" href="//www.newsama.com/downloads/journals/jcse/2011/685261.epub" aria-label="ePub" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"> <div class="sc-eAKXzc WHkfb"> ePub</d我v><我米g一个lt=””class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl sc-bfYoXt cGuwDn" title="" role="presentation" 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height="24"><span class="sc-dRFtgE jrsDZP">订单打印副本</年代p一个n><年代p一个ncl作为年代="sc-gkFcWv gWTCXQ">订单</年代p一个n></年代p一个n><span class="sc-htoDjs kNoiZu sc-gbOuXE jGPvPL right__icon icon-colored _32KP5uexH-Bgs7Kj8Gk1Tz icon-themeable" title="" font-size="16"></span></a> <div class="sc-hBbWxd kdRRST"> <div class="sc-dyGzUR cHatnS"> <div> 的观点<年代p一个n>538年年</年代p一个n></d我v><d我v> 下载<年代p一个n>751年年</年代p一个n></d我v></d我v> <div> <div class="sc-drKuOJ kxdGAZ"> <span class="__dimensions_badge_embed__" data-doi="10.1155/2011/685261" data-style="small_circle"></span>引用</d我v></d我v></d我v><nav class="sc-bRBYWo fXBKFa sc-hUfwpO jHPgUP" id="toolbar__iconNav"> <h3 class="sc-Rmtcm hNPrIr">分享文章</h3><gydF4y2Baul class="sc-hzDkRC bnbfTS"> <li class="iconBorder"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link" href="https://twitter.com/share?url=https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/685261&via=Hindawi" aria-label="Sharing on Twitter" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl socialTwitter" title="" 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