社会活动和认知功能:协调四个纵向研究的分析</t我tle><l我nk href="//www.newsama.com/static/themes/hindawi/base.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://static-01.hindawi.com/next_assets/B3mMnZy7okrdcmfy00DUF/static/lib/basictable.css" rel="stylesheet" media="none" class="next-head"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://static-01.hindawi.com/next_assets/B3mMnZy7okrdcmfy00DUF/static/lib/owl.carousel.min.css" media="none" class="next-head"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://static-01.hindawi.com/next_assets/B3mMnZy7okrdcmfy00DUF/static/lib/owl.theme.default.min.css" media="none" class="next-head"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://cdn.bibblio.org/rcm/4.18/bib-related-content.min.css" media="none" class="next-head"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://cdn.bibblio.org/rcm/4.18/bib-related-content.min.css" media="none" class="next-head"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://static-01.hindawi.com/next_assets/B3mMnZy7okrdcmfy00DUF/_next/static/css/common.d0e3caef.chunk.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://static-01.hindawi.com/next_assets/B3mMnZy7okrdcmfy00DUF/_next/static/css/static/B3mMnZy7okrdcmfy00DUF/pages/journal_article.js.9fc0212b.chunk.css"> <style data-styled="NQpXC gnduKR jzXSTA bNmdOy epRoim bUhGXt gjctdt jGJLow kAzjOl ivbKJD fopjOz hbVEoI khbeDd gvAGTV kNoiZu diutvq bqeMOy bMdQcY ldSkVQ cmzomn bomGMi kuxTps prcY bJcSpM hdSPnx fTkdCR dDYYdJ EwsTm hYnXNL hGCBfz dfaOeH jOLhQl TsaZF iiusBg cqhPZs gaRePw dEfJbW eBepOs fSPaCp bVEEaH etauus ctePXh gCIfTO hHKuAX dIjoCg jUTgTa eujois cQgXqt ewCAZX kdvWPs hAFFGk lkWWFY ehYbwJ legory epgILe kCfRMJ bjwAQR byflLi jXeALb UVThf dDyxFF fkVFlF dzZrgS jLUVhb dVCLgr bBmZJZ ewHMLz bbzREB jknsZc eSvjPB jntdRu hAzjHP mBGSe fgGykB gQxyld bVtmCk hSHJbi ktFfKO bkiEfx ztvYg cUsFHx duuwge lcOiDF gsmOCv kPshFw bDJBEi jZOxOO eHMFfo XkrFe irNWJI dMuGGA kfDwZY evMkvU fYrLtk fjviok hgKieC cIribm khHUcu hkyIvx dbAANp eyHfWh cBTaXT kgAKHb fOXysy jzTMLK gbrQxi hRnXob hymroZ cbcyj hmDWcT isgRZA ihmyEq itFKcQ cGuwDn jrsDZP gWTCXQ jGPvPL etzuBr gWgCNb WHkfb ibWUzs kdRRST cHatnS kxdGAZ jHPgUP fXBKFa hNPrIr bnbfTS cYsVdk inBNwS dkutRV hlGpbO filPdg ecHxGW gCiATD eEFYIL dsXEHZ iXKuYd" data-styled-version="4.4.1"> /* sc-component-id: sc-bdVaJa */ .EwsTm{height:200vh;width:100%;position:fixed;z-index:1;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.8);} .EwsTm.isHide{display:none;} @media (min-width:768px) and (max-width:991px){} @media (min-width:992px){.EwsTm{display:none;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-htpNat */ .bUhGXt{color:black;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;border-radius:5px;font-size:16px;} .bUhGXt:focus-visible{outline-width:3px;outline-color:#8fc9ff;outline-style:solid;} /* sc-component-id: sc-bxivhb */ .ivbKJD{display:inline-block;} /* sc-component-id: sc-ifAKCX */ .fopjOz{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;-webkit-flex:wrap;-ms-flex:wrap;flex:wrap;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;list-style-type:none;margin:0;padding:0;} .fopjOz li{padding:0 10px;} .fopjOz li a{padding:0;} .fopjOz a{-webkit-transition:border .25s ease-in-out 0s;transition:border .25s ease-in-out 0s;border-bottom:2px solid #fff;border-radius:0;} .fopjOz a:hover{border-bottom:2px solid #9b9b9b;padding-bottom:4px;} .fopjOz .active{border-bottom:2px solid #57a61e;} /* sc-component-id: sc-EHOje */ .jOLhQl{vertical-align:middle;height:24px;}.TsaZF{vertical-align:middle;height:40px;}.iiusBg{vertical-align:middle;height:16px;} /* sc-component-id: sc-bZQynM */ .bNmdOy{max-width:1440px;margin:0 auto;width:100%;} /* sc-component-id: sc-htoDjs */ .khbeDd{vertical-align:middle;font-size:24px;}.gvAGTV{vertical-align:middle;font-size:9px;}.kNoiZu{vertical-align:middle;font-size:16px;}.diutvq{vertical-align:middle;font-size:22px;}.bqeMOy{vertical-align:middle;font-size:20px;}.bMdQcY{vertical-align:middle;font-size:11px;} /* sc-component-id: sc-fjdhpX */ .jzXSTA{position:fixed;top:0;left:0;right:0;z-index:1000;background:#fff;height:70px;font-size:16px;font-weight:500;border-bottom:1px solid #e3e3e3;-webkit-transition:all 0.5s;transition:all 0.5s;} @media (max-width:991px){.jzXSTA{border-bottom:1px solid #e3e3e3;}} @media (max-width:767px){.jzXSTA{margin-bottom:70px;height:60px;}} .jzXSTA .header__padding{padding:0 20px;box-sizing:border-box;} @media (max-width:991px){.jzXSTA .header__padding{padding:0 0 0 20px;}} .jzXSTA .menu{position:fixed;top:60px;right:0;width:100%;background:white;} @media (max-width:991px){.jzXSTA .menu{z-index:2;}} @media (min-width:768px){.jzXSTA .menu{width:500px;top:70px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.jzXSTA .menu{display:none;}} .jzXSTA .menu ul{list-style-type:none;text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;} @media (min-width:768px){.jzXSTA .menu ul{padding:0;border-left:1px solid #e3e3e3;}} .jzXSTA .menu ul li a{color:#4a4a4a;padding:10px;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:block;border-bottom:1px solid #e3e3e3;} .jzXSTA .menu .button_wrap{width:90%;margin:10px auto;border-radius:5px;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;} @media (min-width:768px){.jzXSTA .menu .button_wrap{display:none;}} .jzXSTA .menu .button__publishing{background-color:#6ba439;color:#fff;border-color:#6ba439;} .jzXSTA .menu .button__login{display:none;background-color:#fff;color:#4D8A17;border-color:#e3e3e3;} .jzXSTA.headerUp{-webkit-transform:translateY(-100%);-ms-transform:translateY(-100%);transform:translateY(-100%);} /* sc-component-id: sc-jzJRlG */ .jGJLow{-webkit-box-pack:end;-webkit-justify-content:flex-end;-ms-flex-pack:end;justify-content:flex-end;} .jGJLow a{padding:10px;} .jGJLow nav{-webkit-align-self:center;-ms-flex-item-align:center;align-self:center;} @media (max-width:991px){.jGJLow nav{display:none;}} .jGJLow nav ul{margin-right:16px;} .jGJLow nav ul li a{color:#4a4a4a;padding:10px 0px 4px;margin:0 6px;} @media (max-width:991px){.jGJLow .icon-themeable{border-left:1px solid #e3e3e3;padding:23px 20px;}} @media (max-width:767px){.jGJLow .icon-themeable{padding:18px 20px;}} @media (max-width:767.5px){.jGJLow.mobileButtonFlex{-ms-flex:0 0 51%;-webkit-flex:0 0 51%;-ms-flex:0 0 51%;flex:0 0 51%;max-width:51%;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-cSHVUG */ .ldSkVQ{display:none;padding:0;background-color:#fff;border:none;height:59px;} @media (min-width:768px){.ldSkVQ{height:69px;}} .ldSkVQ img{box-sizing:content-box;width:28px;padding:17px 20px;} @media (min-width:768px){.ldSkVQ img{padding:22px 20px;}} @media (max-width:991px){.ldSkVQ{display:inline-block;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-kAzzGY */ .epRoim a{display:inline-block;padding:15px 0;} @media (max-width:767px){.epRoim a{padding:10px 0;}} @media (max-width:767.5px){.epRoim.mobileLogoFlex{-ms-flex:0 0 49%;-webkit-flex:0 0 49%;-ms-flex:0 0 49%;flex:0 0 49%;max-width:49%;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-chPdSV */ .hbVEoI{border:none;height:50px;background-color:#fff;margin:10px 0 0 17px;position:relative;} @media (max-width:991.5px){.hbVEoI{margin:0 3px 0 16px;padding:0;height:69px;}} @media (max-width:767.5px){.hbVEoI{height:59px;}} .hbVEoI img{box-sizing:content-box;} .hbVEoI .icon__cross{width:24px;height:24px;} @media (min-width:768px){.hbVEoI .icon__cross{padding:23px 20px;}} @media (min-width:992px){.hbVEoI .icon__cross{padding:0px;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-ckVGcZ */ .gjctdt{vertical-align:middle;height:39px;} @media (max-width:401px){.gjctdt{max-width:100%;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-jKJlTe */ .inBNwS{background-color:#0d2934;font-size:16px;position:relative;z-index:3;} @media (max-width:991px){.inBNwS{z-index:0;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-eNQAEJ */ .dkutRV{border-bottom :1px solid;border-color:#828282;padding:29px 40px 30px 40px;} @media (min-width:992px){.dkutRV{padding:40px 40px 40px 35px;}} .dkutRV .primary__footer .mobile{display:block;} .dkutRV .primary__footer .desktop{display:none;} @media (min-width:992px){.dkutRV .primary__footer{-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;}.dkutRV .primary__footer .mobile{display:none;}.dkutRV .primary__footer .desktop{display:block;}} @media (min-width:992px){.dkutRV .col5{-webkit-flex:0 0 18%;-ms-flex:0 0 18%;flex:0 0 18%;max-width:18%;}} .dkutRV address{font-style:inherit;line-height:1.5;font-size:16px;display:none;border-right:1px solid #EBEBEB;} @media (max-width:767px){.dkutRV address{border-bottom:1px solid #E3E3E3;padding-bottom:20px;}} @media (min-width:992px){.dkutRV address{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;-webkit-box-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;margin-right:50px;}} @media (min-width:1200px){.dkutRV address{margin-right:70px;}} .dkutRV address p{margin:0;font-size:14px;} @media (max-width:767px){.dkutRV address p{text-align:center;}} @media (min-width:1200px){.dkutRV address p{font-size:16px;}} .dkutRV nav ul{list-style:none;padding:0;line-height:2;font-size:16px;margin:18px 0 0 0;} .dkutRV nav ul:first-child{margin:0;} @media (min-width:992px){.dkutRV nav ul{margin:0;}} .dkutRV nav ul li{line-height:22px;padding:5px;} .dkutRV nav ul li a{color:#d8d8d8;font-weight:500;display:block;font-size:16px;} .dkutRV nav ul li img{padding:2.5px 0 0 10px;box-sizing:content-box;-webkit-transform:rotate(180deg);-ms-transform:rotate(180deg);transform:rotate(180deg);} /* sc-component-id: sc-hMqMXs */ .hlGpbO{padding-top:6px;color:#FFFFFF;font-weight:500;margin-bottom:29px;} @media (min-width:992px){.hlGpbO{-webkit-flex:0 0 25%;-ms-flex:0 0 25%;flex:0 0 25%;max-width:-webkit-fit-content;max-width:-moz-fit-content;max-width:fit-content;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-kEYyzF */ .ecHxGW{margin-right:20px;} .ecHxGW:last-child{margin-right:0;} /* sc-component-id: sc-kkGfuU */ .filPdg{margin-top:15px;} /* sc-component-id: sc-iAyFgw */ .gCiATD{line-height:30px;font-size:11px;padding:10px 20px;text-align:center;} .gCiATD .textright{text-align:right;font-weight:500;} @media (max-width:767px){.gCiATD .textright{text-align:center;}} @media (min-width:992px){.gCiATD .textright{font-weight:100;}} .gCiATD a{font-size:13px;color:#fff;} /* sc-component-id: sc-hSdWYo */ .etauus{display:inline-block;background-color:#fff;color:#4D8A17;border-color:#E3E3E3;width:auto;border-radius:5px;font-size:16px;border-width:1px;border-style:solid;} .etauus:focus-visible{outline-width:3px;outline-color:#8fc9ff;outline-style:solid;} /* sc-component-id: sc-eHgmQL */ .fTkdCR{font-size:22px;color:#000;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.fTkdCR{font-size:24px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.fTkdCR{font-size:25px;}} .fTkdCR:after{content:'';display:inline-block;margin-top:0.2em;margin-left:0.5em;} /* sc-component-id: sc-iRbamj */ .jZOxOO{font-size:30px;font-weight:500;-webkit-letter-spacing:1px;-moz-letter-spacing:1px;-ms-letter-spacing:1px;letter-spacing:1px;line-height:1;margin-top:0;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.jZOxOO{font-size:40px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.jZOxOO{font-size:40px;}} .jZOxOO sup,.jZOxOO sub{vertical-align:baseline;position:relative;top:-10px;} .jZOxOO sub{top:10px;} /* sc-component-id: sc-Rmtcm */ .hNPrIr{font-size:20px;font-weight:500;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:15px;} /* sc-component-id: sc-bRBYWo */ .fXBKFa{display:inline-block;} @media (max-width:991.5px){.fXBKFa{width:100%;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.fXBKFa.hide{display:none !important;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-hzDkRC */ .bnbfTS{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;-webkit-flex:wrap;-ms-flex:wrap;flex:wrap;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;list-style-type:none;margin:0;width:100%;padding:0 !important;border-top:1px solid #fff;} .bnbfTS li{width:100%;text-align:center;box-sizing:border-box;padding:17px 0px;min-height:48px;} .bnbfTS li a{display:block;} .bnbfTS .iconBorder{border-right:1px solid #fff;} .bnbfTS img{width:23px;} .bnbfTS img.socialLinkedin{width:28px;} .bnbfTS .wechat-container{position:relative;} .bnbfTS .wechat-container .addthis_inline_share_toolbox{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;opacity:0 !important;} /* sc-component-id: sc-jtRfpW */ .hHKuAX{background-color:#6BA439;color:#fff;padding:20px;line-height:22px !important;border-radius:0;border-top:1px solid #fff;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;min-height:60px;} .hHKuAX img{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;-webkit-align-self:center;-ms-flex-item-align:center;align-self:center;} .hHKuAX span{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-self:center;-ms-flex-item-align:center;align-self:center;} .hHKuAX span.text{padding-left:20px;font-weight:500;} @media (max-width:360px){.hHKuAX span.text{padding-left:5px;font-size:14px;}} @media (min-width:320px) and (max-width:767.5px){.hHKuAX span.text{padding-left:20px;}}.dIjoCg{background-color:#F2F2F2;color:#4A4A4A;padding:20px;line-height:22px !important;border-radius:0;border-top:1px solid #E3E3E3;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;min-height:60px;} .dIjoCg img{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;-webkit-align-self:center;-ms-flex-item-align:center;align-self:center;} .dIjoCg span{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-self:center;-ms-flex-item-align:center;align-self:center;} .dIjoCg span.text{padding-left:20px;font-weight:500;} @media (max-width:360px){.dIjoCg span.text{padding-left:5px;font-size:14px;}} @media (min-width:320px) and (max-width:767.5px){.dIjoCg span.text{padding-left:20px;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-kTUwUJ */ .eujois{width:20px;} /* sc-component-id: sc-dqBHgY */ .cQgXqt{width:20px;height:16px;color:#6ba439;} /* sc-component-id: sc-cbkKFq */ .kuxTps{-webkit-transition:-webkit-transform 0.5s;-webkit-transition:transform 0.5s;transition:transform 0.5s;position:fixed;top:60px;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.kuxTps{position:fixed;top:70px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.kuxTps{position:fixed;top:70px;}}.prcY{-webkit-transition:-webkit-transform 0.5s;-webkit-transition:transform 0.5s;transition:transform 0.5s;top:0px;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.prcY{top:0px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.prcY{position:fixed;top:241px;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-hGoxap */ .dEfJbW{position:relative;background:#007d8d;} @media (max-width:991px){.dEfJbW{z-index:2;}} @media (min-width:767.5px) and (max-width:991.5px){.dEfJbW{width:50%;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.dEfJbW{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:end;-webkit-justify-content:flex-end;-ms-flex-pack:end;justify-content:flex-end;border-top:1px solid white;}} .dEfJbW.isHide{display:none;} @media (min-width:991.5px){.dEfJbW.isHide{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;}} .dEfJbW .submit__button{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;box-shadow:0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,.5);padding:0 20px;min-height:45px;} .dEfJbW .submit__button span.text{font-size:16px;} .dEfJbW .submit__button img{width:20px;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.dEfJbW .submit__button{min-height:58px;}.dEfJbW .submit__button img{width:22px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.dEfJbW .submit__button{display:none;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-fjmCvl */ .fSPaCp{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;width:100%;font-size:16px;font-weight:500;color:#fff;background-color:#007d8d;line-height:20px;padding:10px 20px;border:0;border-radius:0;border-top:1px solid #fff;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;margin:0;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.fSPaCp{padding:16px 20px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.fSPaCp{border-top:none;border-right:1px solid #fff;padding:14.5px 15px;font-size:14px;}} @media (min-width:1200px){.fSPaCp{padding:14.5px 20px;font-size:16px;}} .fSPaCp .icon__inactive{-webkit-transform:rotateZ(-90deg);-ms-transform:rotateZ(-90deg);transform:rotateZ(-90deg);line-height:20px;} @media (min-width:991.5px){.fSPaCp .icon__inactive{-webkit-transform:rotateZ(0);-ms-transform:rotateZ(0);transform:rotateZ(0);}} .fSPaCp.button__active{background:#fff;color:#4A4A4A;} @media (min-width:767.5px) and (max-width:991.5px){.fSPaCp.button__active{border-right:1px solid #007f8f;}} .fSPaCp .icon__active{-webkit-transform:rotateZ(-90deg);-ms-transform:rotateZ(-90deg);transform:rotateZ(-90deg);line-height:20px;} @media (min-width:991.5px){.fSPaCp .icon__active{-webkit-transform:rotate(0);-ms-transform:rotate(0);transform:rotate(0);}} .fSPaCp .icon__hidden{display:none;}.bVEEaH{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;width:100%;font-size:16px;font-weight:500;color:#fff;background-color:#007d8d;line-height:20px;padding:10px 20px;border:0;border-radius:0;border-top:1px solid #fff;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;margin:0;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.bVEEaH{padding:16px 20px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.bVEEaH{border-top:none;border-right:0;padding:14.5px 15px;font-size:14px;}} @media (min-width:1200px){.bVEEaH{padding:14.5px 20px;font-size:16px;}} .bVEEaH .icon__inactive{-webkit-transform:rotateZ(-90deg);-ms-transform:rotateZ(-90deg);transform:rotateZ(-90deg);line-height:20px;} @media (min-width:991.5px){.bVEEaH .icon__inactive{-webkit-transform:rotateZ(0);-ms-transform:rotateZ(0);transform:rotateZ(0);}} .bVEEaH.button__active{background:#fff;color:#4A4A4A;} @media (min-width:767.5px) and (max-width:991.5px){.bVEEaH.button__active{border-right:1px solid #007f8f;}} .bVEEaH .icon__active{-webkit-transform:rotateZ(-90deg);-ms-transform:rotateZ(-90deg);transform:rotateZ(-90deg);line-height:20px;} @media (min-width:991.5px){.bVEEaH .icon__active{-webkit-transform:rotate(0);-ms-transform:rotate(0);transform:rotate(0);}} .bVEEaH .icon__hidden{display:none;} /* sc-component-id: sc-TFwJa */ .gCIfTO{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;width:100%;font-size:16px;font-weight:500;color:#fff;background-color:#007d8d;line-height:20px;padding:10px 20px;border:0;border-radius:0;border-top:1px solid #fff;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.gCIfTO{padding:16px 20px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.gCIfTO{-webkit-transition:all 0.25s;transition:all 0.25s;border-top:none;border-right:1px solid #fff;border-left:0;padding:14.5px 30px 14.5px 20px;width:calc(100% / 6);font-size:14px;}.gCIfTO:hover{background:#fff;color:#4A4A4A;}} @media (min-width:1200px){.gCIfTO{font-size:16px;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-bHwgHz */ .ctePXh{width:18px;margin-right:-4px;} @media (min-width:991.5px){.ctePXh{width:7px;font-size:7px;}} @media (min-width:1200px){.ctePXh{width:18px;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-krDsej */ .ewCAZX{position:absolute;top:0;width:calc(100% - 20px);right:0;bottom:0;background:#fff;-webkit-transition:-webkit-transform 0.5s;-webkit-transition:transform 0.5s;transition:transform 0.5s;min-height:290px;box-shadow:0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.5);} .ewCAZX.hide__submenu{-webkit-transform:translateX(100%);-ms-transform:translateX(100%);transform:translateX(100%);} @media (min-width:767.5px){.ewCAZX.hide__submenu{-webkit-transform:translateX(-200%);-ms-transform:translateX(-200%);transform:translateX(-200%);}} @media (min-width:767.5px){.ewCAZX{left:100%;width:100%;padding-top:20px;z-index:-1;min-height:375px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.ewCAZX{display:none;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-dTdPqK */ .lkWWFY{-webkit-transition:-webkit-transform 0.5s;-webkit-transition:transform 0.5s;transition:transform 0.5s;display:none;} @media (min-width:991.5px){.lkWWFY.hide__submenu{-webkit-transform:translateY(-300%);-ms-transform:translateY(-300%);transform:translateY(-300%);}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.lkWWFY{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;height:186px;top:49px;left:0;position:absolute;right:0;background:#fff;z-index:-1;box-shadow:0 4px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.21);}} /* sc-component-id: sc-itybZL */ .kdvWPs{font-weight:700;border:0;color:#4A4A4A;padding:10px 0;background-color:#fff;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;} .kdvWPs:focus-visible{outline-width:3px;outline-color:#8fc9ff;outline-style:solid;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.kdvWPs{display:none;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-fzsDOv */ .hAFFGk{margin:0px 10px 2px 20px;-webkit-transform:rotate(90deg);-ms-transform:rotate(90deg);transform:rotate(90deg);display:inline-block;} /* sc-component-id: sc-gPWkxV */ .legory{width:50%;} /* sc-component-id: sc-jVODtj */ .epgILe{color:#007B8B;width:50%;font-size:16px;line-height:26px;margin:auto;padding:0 6%;} /* sc-component-id: sc-kUaPvJ */ .ehYbwJ{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;width:50%;padding:24.5px 2% 0;-webkit-order:0;-ms-flex-order:0;order:0;} @media (min-width:1024px){.ehYbwJ{padding:24.5px 3% 0;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-giadOv */ .eBepOs{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;width:100%;} @media (min-width:991.5px){.eBepOs{width:calc(100% / 6);}.eBepOs:first-child{border-left:none;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-fONwsr */ .kCfRMJ{background-color:#D8D8D8;position:absolute;left:50%;display:inline-block;height:121px;width:2px;top:33px;} /* sc-component-id: sc-LKuAh */ .lcOiDF{padding:0;margin:10px 0 25px 0;} /* sc-component-id: sc-iBEsjs */ .kPshFw{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;border:none;font-size:12px;font-weight:500;margin-top:7px;padding:0;color:#4D8A17;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:pointer;} .kPshFw:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.kPshFw{margin-top:10px;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-hzNEM */ .gsmOCv{overflow-y:hidden;height:auto;max-height:100%;-webkit-transition:all .5s;transition:all .5s;background-color:#F2F2F2;padding:0 16px;} .gsmOCv.isHide{max-height:0;-webkit-transition:all .5s;transition:all .5s;} .gsmOCv p{font-size:14px;line-height:22px;} .gsmOCv sup{margin-top:-5px;} /* sc-component-id: sc-chbbiW */ .mBGSe{padding:0;} /* sc-component-id: sc-kxynE */ .fgGykB{margin-top:30px;} @media (min-width:991.5px){.fgGykB{margin-top:0;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-cooIXK */ .gQxyld{background:#FF9014;color:white;font-size:14px;font-weight:bold;padding:5px;} /* sc-component-id: sc-fcdeBU */ .bVtmCk{font-size:14px;margin:15px 0 5px;} @media (min-width:768px){.bVtmCk{font-size:14px;}} @media (min-width:992px){.bVtmCk{font-size:20px;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-gmeYpB */ .hSHJbi{font-size:12px;} /* sc-component-id: sc-kZmsYB */ .bkiEfx{font-size:14px;font-weight:700;line-height:16px;-webkit-letter-spacing:0.58px;-moz-letter-spacing:0.58px;-ms-letter-spacing:0.58px;letter-spacing:0.58px;margin:23px 0 0px !important;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.bkiEfx{margin:34px 0 0px !important;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.bkiEfx{margin:-4px 0 0 !important;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-RcBXQ */ .ztvYg{font-size:14px;line-height:22px;} .ztvYg a{color:#4D8A17;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:pointer;} .ztvYg a:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;} /* sc-component-id: sc-iSDuPN */ @font-face{font-family:'STIXGeneral-Bold';src:url('https://static-01.hindawi.com/next_assets/B3mMnZy7okrdcmfy00DUF/_next/static/node_modules/hindawi-ui/fonts/STIXGeneral-Bold.otf');font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;} .bDJBEi{font-weight:700;font-family:STIXGeneral-Bold;margin:19px 0 22px;font-size:25px;line-height:28px;-webkit-letter-spacing:normal;-moz-letter-spacing:normal;-ms-letter-spacing:normal;letter-spacing:normal;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.bDJBEi{font-size:25px;margin:20px 0 23px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.bDJBEi{font-size:30px;line-height:34px;margin:19px 0 22px;}} .bDJBEi p{margin:0;} /* sc-component-id: sc-fZwumE */ .cUsFHx{padding:0 3px;} /* sc-component-id: sc-fQejPQ */ .duuwge{font-size:14px;} .duuwge:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;} /* sc-component-id: sc-clNaTc */ .ktFfKO{border:none;border-top:1px solid #E3E3E3;height:2px;margin:15px 0;} /* sc-component-id: sc-jtRlXQ */ @font-face{font-family:'STIXGeneral-Regular';src:url('https://static-01.hindawi.com/next_assets/B3mMnZy7okrdcmfy00DUF/_next/static/node_modules/hindawi-ui/fonts/STIXGeneral-Regular.otf');font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;} @font-face{src:url('https://static-01.hindawi.com/next_assets/B3mMnZy7okrdcmfy00DUF/_next/static/node_modules/hindawi-ui/fonts/STIXGeneral-Regular.otf');font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;} @font-face{font-family:'STIXGeneral-Regular';src:url('https://static-01.hindawi.com/next_assets/B3mMnZy7okrdcmfy00DUF/_next/static/node_modules/hindawi-ui/fonts/STIXGeneral-Regular.otf');font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;} .hkyIvx{font-family:STIXGeneral-Regular;text-align:justify;} .hkyIvx a{word-break:break-all;} .hkyIvx h4:first-of-type{border-top:0px solid #E3E3E3;padding-top:0;} .hkyIvx h4{font-size:20px;font-family:"IBM Plex Sans",sans-serif;border-top:1px solid #E3E3E3;padding-top:23px;margin-top:15px;margin-bottom:-3px;} .hkyIvx h4#abstract{margin-top:-7px;margin-bottom:-3px;} @media (min-width:767.5){.hkyIvx h4#abstract{margin-top:-6px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.hkyIvx h4#abstract{margin-top:34px;}} .hkyIvx h4.references,.hkyIvx h4.copyright{border-top:1px solid #E3E3E3;padding-top:23px;} .hkyIvx h4.references{margin-bottom:-8px;} .hkyIvx h5,.hkyIvx h6{margin:22px 0;font-size:16px;word-break:break-word;} .hkyIvx h6{margin:25px 0;text-align:left;} .hkyIvx p{font-size:16px;word-break:break-word;} .hkyIvx .floats-partial-section{border:1px solid #E3E3E3;margin:25px auto;} @media (max-width:767px){.hkyIvx .floats-partial-section{margin:0 auto;overflow-x:hidden;}} .hkyIvx .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-content{padding:19px 0px 19px 0px;height:254px;width:96%;overflow:hidden;margin:0 auto;position:relative;cursor:pointer;} .hkyIvx .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-content table{margin:0 auto;} .hkyIvx .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-content .table-group{width:-webkit-fit-content;width:-moz-fit-content;width:fit-content;} .hkyIvx .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-content .table-group table{width:-webkit-fit-content;width:-moz-fit-content;width:fit-content;} .hkyIvx .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-content .table-group table object{z-index:-1;position:relative;} .hkyIvx .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-content .table-group table td{padding:4px 7px;} .hkyIvx .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-content .table-group table td.align_left{text-align:left;} .hkyIvx .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-content .table-group table td.align_center{text-align:center;} @media (min-width:768px){.hkyIvx .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-content{padding:22px 0px 0 0px;height:197px;}} @media (min-width:992px){.hkyIvx .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-content{padding:23px 0px 13px 0px;height:215px;}} .hkyIvx .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-content:after{content:"";height:20%;position:absolute;bottom:0;right:0;left:0;background:-moz-linear-gradient(left,rgba(255,255,255,.7) 0%,rgba(255,255,255,.7) 56%,rgba(255,255,255,.7) 100%);background:-webkit-gradient(linear,left top,right top,color-stop(0%,rgba(255,255,255,.7)),color-stop(56%,rgba(255,255,255,.7)),color-stop(100%,rgba(255,255,255,.7)));background:-webkit-linear-gradient(rgba(255,255,255,0) 0%,rgba(255,255,255,0.5) 30%,rgba(255,255,255,0.7) 56%,rgba(255,255,255,0.9) 75%,rgba(255,255,255,1) 100%);background:-o-linear-gradient(left,rgba(255,255,255,.7) 0%,rgba(255,255,255,.7) 56%,rgba(255,255,255,.7) 100%);background:-ms-linear-gradient(left,rgba(255,255,255,.7) 0%,rgba(255,255,255,.7) 56%,rgba(255,255,255,.7) 100%);background:linear-gradient(left,rgba(255,255,255,.7) 0%,rgba(255,255,255,.7) 56%,rgba(255,255,255,.7) 100%);-webkit-filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient( startColorstr='#00ffffff',endColorstr='#ffffff',GradientType=1 );filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient( startColorstr='#00ffffff',endColorstr='#ffffff',GradientType=1 );} .hkyIvx .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer{background-color:#F2F2F2;border-top:1px solid #E3E3E3;} .hkyIvx .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:end;-webkit-justify-content:flex-end;-ms-flex-pack:end;justify-content:flex-end;} .hkyIvx .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .minimize_btn{-webkit-flex:1;-ms-flex:1;flex:1;background:url('data:image/svg+xml;base64,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') no-repeat 6px;background-position:center;margin-top:10px;min-width:55px;} @media (min-width:768px){.hkyIvx .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .minimize_btn{display:none;}} .hkyIvx .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .expand_btn{-webkit-flex:1;-ms-flex:1;flex:1;background:url('data:image/svg+xml;base64,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') no-repeat 6px;background-position:center;margin-top:10px;min-width:55px;display:none;} @media (min-width:768px){.hkyIvx .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .expand_btn{display:none;}} .hkyIvx .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-text{-webkit-flex:9;-ms-flex:9;flex:9;text-align:left;padding:21px 37px 10px 0px;font-size:16px;font-weight:700;} @media (min-width:768px){.hkyIvx .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-text{padding:19px 18px 10px 18px;}} @media (min-width:992px){.hkyIvx .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-text{padding:19px 21px 10px 21px;}} .hkyIvx .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-partial-url{-webkit-flex:1;-ms-flex:1;flex:1;background:url('data:image/svg+xml;base64,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') no-repeat 6px;background-position:center;padding:16px 0 16px 0;min-width:62px;max-width:62px;} @media (min-width:768px){.hkyIvx .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-partial-url{padding:16px 0 17px 0;min-width:52px;max-width:52px;}} @media (min-width:992px){.hkyIvx .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-partial-url{padding:15px 0 17px 0;min-width:60px;max-width:60px;}} .hkyIvx .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-partial-url:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;} .hkyIvx .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption-text{font-size:14px;padding:0px 18px 17px 22px;} @media (min-width:768px){.hkyIvx .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption-text{padding:0px 15px 15px 18px;}} @media (min-width:992px){.hkyIvx .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption-text{padding:0px 18px 19px 21px;}} .hkyIvx .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption-text figcaption{margin:0;padding:0;} .hkyIvx .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption-text svg{max-width:100%;} .hkyIvx ol{font-size:16px;padding-left:32px;font-family:STIXGeneral-Regular;line-height:24px;margin:15px 0;} .hkyIvx ol li{margin:10px 0;padding-left:10px;word-break:normal;} .hkyIvx ol li a{word-break:break-all;} .hkyIvx ol li .reflinks{display:block;} .hkyIvx ol li .reflinks a{color:#4D8A17;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:pointer;} .hkyIvx ol li .reflinks a:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;} .hkyIvx ol li .reflinks .sep{color:#000000;} .hkyIvx .table-wrapper{width:auto;overflow-x:auto;} .hkyIvx .table-wrapper::-webkit-scrollbar{-webkit-appearance:none;width:5px;height:5px;} .hkyIvx .table-wrapper::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb{border-radius:5px;background-color:rgba(0,0,0,.5);-webkit-box-shadow:0 0 1px rgba(255,255,255,.5);} @media (min-width:768px){.hkyIvx .table-wrapper{overflow-x:auto;width:auto;-webkit-break-word:word-break;break-word:word-break;margin:0 auto;}} @media (min-width:992px){.hkyIvx .table-wrapper{width:auto;}} @media (min-width:1324px){.hkyIvx .table-wrapper{width:auto;}} @media (min-width:320px){.hkyIvx{margin-bottom:33px;padding:0;}} @media (min-width:992px){.hkyIvx{padding:0;margin-bottom:100px;}} @media (min-width:1325px){.hkyIvx{margin-bottom:100px;}} .hkyIvx .owl-stage{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;} .hkyIvx .floats-partial-middle--thumbs{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;} .hkyIvx .floats-partial-middle--thumbs .partial-carousel-dot svg{fill:#4D8A17;} .hkyIvx .floats-partial-middle--thumbs .partial-carousel-dot strong{color:#4D8A17;font-weight:500;} .hkyIvx .floats-partial-middle--thumbs .partial-carousel-dot.active strong{color:#007B8B;} .hkyIvx .floats-partial-middle--thumbs .partial-carousel-dot.active svg{fill:#007B8B;} .hkyIvx .floats-partial-middle--thumbs .partial-carousel-dot .nowrap{white-space:nowrap;} .hkyIvx .partial-carousel-dot{text-align:center;cursor:pointer;border:0;width:100px;padding-bottom:20px;background-color:#fff;display:table-cell;} .hkyIvx .partial-carousel-dot:focus-visible{outline-offset:-3px;} .hkyIvx .partial-carousel-dot strong{font-size:11px;padding-top:12px;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.hkyIvx .partial-carousel-dot strong{font-size:16px;}} .hkyIvx .partial-carousel-dot img{width:90px;height:90px;border:1px solid #979797;margin:10px 0;} .hkyIvx .partial-carousel-wrapper .floats-partial-middle{border-top:1px solid #e3e3e3;display:block;margin-bottom:50px;padding-top:1px;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.hkyIvx .partial-carousel-wrapper .floats-partial-middle{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;margin-bottom:0;}} .hkyIvx .partial-carousel--single-image{overflow:hidden;text-align:center;} .hkyIvx .partial-carousel--single-image img{width:100%;max-height:239px;height:auto;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.hkyIvx .partial-carousel--single-image img{max-height:357px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.hkyIvx .partial-carousel--single-image img{max-height:417px;}} .hkyIvx .partial-carousel--single-image strong{font-size:11px;padding-top:12px;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.hkyIvx .partial-carousel--single-image strong{font-size:16px;}} .hkyIvx .owl-nav,.hkyIvx .owl-dots{display:none;} .hkyIvx .partial-carousel-wrapper .owl-loaded{position:relative;height:auto;max-height:287px;} @media (min-width:767.6px){.hkyIvx .partial-carousel-wrapper .owl-loaded{max-height:414px;}} @media (min-width:767.5px){.hkyIvx .partial-carousel-wrapper .owl-loaded{max-height:477px;}} .hkyIvx .partial-carousel-wrapper .floats-partial-content,.hkyIvx .owl-stage-outer,.hkyIvx .owl-stage{max-height:287px;height:auto;} @media (min-width:767.6px){.hkyIvx .partial-carousel-wrapper .floats-partial-content,.hkyIvx .owl-stage-outer,.hkyIvx .owl-stage{max-height:414px;}} @media (min-width:767.5px){.hkyIvx .partial-carousel-wrapper .floats-partial-content,.hkyIvx .owl-stage-outer,.hkyIvx .owl-stage{max-height:477px;}} .hkyIvx .partial-carousel-wrapper .floats-partial-content::after,.hkyIvx .owl-stage-outer::after,.hkyIvx .owl-stage::after{background:transparent;} .hkyIvx .partial-carousel-wrapper .floats-partial-middle--thumbs{width:100%;overflow-x:auto;-webkit-align-items:self-start;-webkit-box-align:self-start;-ms-flex-align:self-start;align-items:self-start;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.hkyIvx .partial-carousel-wrapper .floats-partial-middle--thumbs{width:calc(100% - 110px);}} .hkyIvx .partial-carousel-wrapper .floats-partial-middle--nav{width:100%;position:relative;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.hkyIvx .partial-carousel-wrapper .floats-partial-middle--nav{width:20%;}} .hkyIvx .floats-partial-middle{position:relative;} .hkyIvx .partial-carousel-wrapper .carousel-prev{background:url('data:image/svg+xml;base64,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') no-repeat 17.5px;height:50px;width:61px;display:inline-block;border:0;border-right:1px solid #E3E3E3;padding:0;cursor:pointer;background-position-y:54.35%;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.hkyIvx .partial-carousel-wrapper .carousel-prev{width:51px;background-position-x:8px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.hkyIvx .partial-carousel-wrapper .carousel-prev{width:59px;background-position-x:16px;}} .hkyIvx .partial-carousel-wrapper .carousel-next{background:url('data:image/svg+xml;base64,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') no-repeat 18.5px;height:52px;width:61px;display:inline-block;padding:0px;cursor:pointer;border:0;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.hkyIvx .partial-carousel-wrapper .carousel-next{width:51px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.hkyIvx .partial-carousel-wrapper .carousel-next{width:59px;}} .hkyIvx .partial-carousel-wrapper .partial-carousel-next-prev{position:absolute;right:0;bottom:-50px;height:50px;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.hkyIvx .partial-carousel-wrapper .partial-carousel-next-prev{bottom:0;}} .hkyIvx .partial-carousel-wrapper .floats-partial-content{padding:12px;} .hkyIvx .partial-carousel-wrapper .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-partial-url{border-left:none;} .hkyIvx .partial-other-wrapper[data-section*="tab"] .floats-partial-content{display:none;} .hkyIvx .partial-other-wrapper[data-section*="tab"] .floats-partial-footer{background-image:url(https://w2o-xhtml-parsed-preprod.s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/table_thumb.svg);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-position:17px 17px;background-size:100px 70px;border-top:none;min-height:110px;position:relative;} .hkyIvx .partial-other-wrapper[data-section*="tab"] .floats-partial-footer .table-thumb-overlay{cursor:pointer;position:absolute;left:17px;top:17px;height:70px;width:100px;} .hkyIvx .partial-other-wrapper[data-section*="tab"] .floats-partial-footer .caption-text{padding-left:137px;padding-right:0px;position:relative;} .hkyIvx .partial-other-wrapper[data-section*="tab"] .floats-partial-footer .caption-text .caption-text-overlay{cursor:pointer;position:absolute;top:20px;left:135px;height:20px;width:60px;} .hkyIvx .partial-other-wrapper[data-section*="tab"] .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption-text{color:black;display:block !important;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;width:auto;margin-left:140px;margin-right:20px;padding:0px 0px 15px 0px;width:-webkit-fit-content;width:-moz-fit-content;width:fit-content;} .hkyIvx .partial-other-wrapper[data-section*="tab"] .floats-partial-footer .minimize_btn{display:none !important;} .hkyIvx .partial-other-wrapper[data-section*="tab"] .floats-partial-footer .expand_btn{display:none !important;} @media (max-width:567px){.hkyIvx .partial-other-wrapper[data-section*="tab"] .floats-partial-footer{background-size:60px 45px;}.hkyIvx .partial-other-wrapper[data-section*="tab"] .floats-partial-footer .table-thumb-overlay{height:45px;width:60px;}.hkyIvx .partial-other-wrapper[data-section*="tab"] .floats-partial-footer .caption-text{padding:30px 0px 15px 95px;}.hkyIvx .partial-other-wrapper[data-section*="tab"] .floats-partial-footer .caption-text .caption-text-overlay{top:30px;left:95px;}.hkyIvx .partial-other-wrapper[data-section*="tab"] .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption-text{margin:0px 20px;}} .hkyIvx .owl-item{overflow-y:hidden;margin-bottom:0;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;} .hkyIvx .supplementary--docs{display:-ms-flexbox;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;padding-left:2em;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.hkyIvx .supplementary--docs{padding-left:1em;}} .hkyIvx .supplementary--docs li{-ms-flex:0 0 100%;-webkit-flex:0 0 100%;-ms-flex:0 0 100%;flex:0 0 100%;max-width:100%;} @media (min-width:991.5px){.hkyIvx .supplementary--docs li{-ms-flex:0 0 50%;-webkit-flex:0 0 50%;-ms-flex:0 0 50%;flex:0 0 50%;max-width:50%;}} .hkyIvx .supplementary--docs li a::after{content:'';background :url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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) no-repeat 5px;padding-right:35px;background-size:14px;} .hkyIvx .dataset-section .supplementary--dpis-desc{padding-left:19px;} .hkyIvx .dataset-section .supplementary--dpis-desc p{margin:10px 0;} .hkyIvx .table-group.fixed-width,.hkyIvx .table-group.sidewaystable{min-width:auto;} .hkyIvx .noliststyle{padding-left:1em;} .hkyIvx .noliststyle li{padding-left:0;} .hkyIvx .xml-content > hr{display:none;} .hkyIvx sup,.hkyIvx sub{vertical-align:baseline;position:relative;top:5px;} .hkyIvx sup{top:-5px;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.hkyIvx a{position:relative;}} .hkyIvx a div.tooltip{cursor:auto;position:absolute;width:280px;background:#fff;border:1px solid #adadad;padding:20px;margin:0;display:none;z-index:2;color:#000;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.hkyIvx a div.tooltip{width:400px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.hkyIvx a div.tooltip{width:572px;}} .hkyIvx a div.tooltip .cross{position:absolute;right:10px;top:10px;display:block;height:14px;width:14px;cursor:pointer;} .hkyIvx a div.tooltip ol{margin:0;padding:0 0 10px 20px;} .hkyIvx a div.tooltip ol li{text-align:left;margin:0;} .hkyIvx a div.tooltip.left{left:20px;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.hkyIvx a div.tooltip.left{left:-20px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.hkyIvx a div.tooltip.left{left:-100px;}} .hkyIvx a div.tooltip.right{right:20px;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.hkyIvx a div.tooltip.right{right:-20px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.hkyIvx a div.tooltip.right{right:-100px;}} .hkyIvx a div.tooltip a.seeRef{padding-left:30px;} .hkyIvx .gloss-abbr tr td:first-child{white-space:nowrap;} .hkyIvx table.algorithm td{word-break:keep-all;} .hkyIvx h4#copyright + p a{word-break:break-word;} /* sc-component-id: sc-bGbJRg */ .dVCLgr{width:100%;} @media (min-width:991.5px){.dVCLgr{width:19%;}} @media (min-width:1280px){.dVCLgr{width:24%;max-width:350px;}} .dVCLgr p{border:1px solid #E3E3E3;} /* sc-component-id: sc-bEjcJn */ .jLUVhb{-webkit-flex:1 0 30%;-ms-flex:1 0 30%;flex:1 0 30%;list-style:none;padding:0;-webkit-transition:-webkit-transform 0.5s;-webkit-transition:transform 0.5s;transition:transform 0.5s;} @media (min-width:320px) and (max-width:991.5px){.jLUVhb{position:fixed;width:100%;z-index:2;margin:0;margin-top:50px;top:169px;max-height:calc(100vh - 165px);overflow-y:auto;}} @media (min-width:767.5px) and (max-width:991.5px){.jLUVhb{top:179px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px) and (max-width:1200px){.jLUVhb{max-width:354px;-webkit-flex:1 0 20%;-ms-flex:1 0 20%;flex:1 0 20%;}} @media (min-width:1200px){.jLUVhb{-webkit-flex:1 0 25%;-ms-flex:1 0 25%;flex:1 0 25%;max-width:354px;}} .jLUVhb p{margin:0;padding:10px 0;font-size:16px;font-weight:700;line-height:24px;display:none;} @media (min-width:991.5px){.jLUVhb p{display:block;padding:10px 20px;border:1px solid #E3E3E3;border-bottom:0;}} .jLUVhb.links__hidden{display:none;} @media (min-width:991.5px){.jLUVhb.links__hidden{display:block;}} .jLUVhb.translate{-webkit-transform :translateY(-120px);-ms-transform :translateY(-120px);transform :translateY(-120px);} @media (min-width:768px){.jLUVhb.translate{-webkit-transform:translateY(-130px);-ms-transform:translateY(-130px);transform:translateY(-130px);}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.jLUVhb.translate{-webkit-transform:none;-ms-transform:none;transform:none;}.jLUVhb.translate #leftSectionMenu{-webkit-transform:translateY(-130px);-ms-transform:translateY(-130px);transform:translateY(-130px);}} /* sc-component-id: sc-ePZHVD */ .ewHMLz{color:#4A4A4A;} /* sc-component-id: sc-likbZx */ .bBmZJZ{font-size:16px;font-weight:500;line-height:20px;color:#4A4A4A;border:1px solid #E3E3E3;border-bottom:0;background-color:#f2f2f2;display:list-item;} @media (min-width:991px){.bBmZJZ{-webkit-transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;}.bBmZJZ:hover{background-color :#D8D8D8;-webkit-transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;}} .bBmZJZ:last-child{border-bottom:1px solid #E3E3E3;} .bBmZJZ a{display:block;padding:10px 20px;} /* sc-component-id: sc-eKZiaR */ .dzZrgS{position:fixed;width:100%;height:50px;color:#4D8A17;background-color:#F2F2F2;border:none;font-size:16px;line-height:18px;font-weight:500;z-index:2;top:170px;-webkit-transition:-webkit-transform 0.5s;-webkit-transition:transform 0.5s;transition:transform 0.5s;text-align:left;border-top:1px solid #FFFFFF;} @media (min-width:320px) and (max-width:991.5px){.dzZrgS{padding-left:15px;border-bottom:4px solid #FFFFFF;}.dzZrgS.is-open{border-bottom:4px solid #F2F2F2;}} @media (min-width:767.5px){.dzZrgS{top:179px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.dzZrgS{display:none;}} .dzZrgS .icon__dots{cursor:pointer;-webkit-transform:rotate(90deg) translateY(8px);-ms-transform:rotate(90deg) translateY(8px);transform:rotate(90deg) translateY(8px);margin-right:15px;} @media (min-width:991.5px){.dzZrgS .icon__dots{padding-right:20px;margin-bottom:2px;-webkit-transform:none;-ms-transform:none;transform:none;}} .dzZrgS.translate{-webkit-transform :translateY(-120px);-ms-transform :translateY(-120px);transform :translateY(-120px);top:170px;} @media(min-width:991.5px){.dzZrgS.translate{-webkit-transform :translateY(-130px) rotate(90deg);-ms-transform :translateY(-130px) rotate(90deg);transform :translateY(-130px) rotate(90deg);}} /* sc-component-id: sc-jrIrqw */ .eHMFfo{padding:0;margin:20px 0;} .eHMFfo span{font-size:14px;} .eHMFfo span.isHide{display:none;} .eHMFfo span i{font-style:italic;} .eHMFfo span i.isHide{display:none;} /* sc-component-id: sc-hjRWVT */ .irNWJI{width:16px;margin:0 2px 2px;} /* sc-component-id: sc-iQtOjA */ .kfDwZY{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;border:none;font-size:12px;font-weight:500;margin-top:7px;padding:0;color:#4D8A17;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:pointer;} .kfDwZY:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.kfDwZY{margin-top:5px;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-fHxwqH */ .dMuGGA{overflow-y:hidden;height:auto;max-height:100%;-webkit-transition:all .5s;transition:all .5s;} .dMuGGA.isHide{max-height:0;-webkit-transition:all .5s;transition:all .5s;} .dMuGGA p:first-child{margin-top:15px;} .dMuGGA p{font-size:14px;line-height:23px;display:block;} .dMuGGA sup{margin-top:-5px;} /* sc-component-id: sc-cEvuZC */ .XkrFe{border:none;border-top:1px solid #E3E3E3;height:2px;margin:15px 0;} .XkrFe.hr__author{margin-bottom:12px;} /* sc-component-id: sc-cBdUnI */ @media (min-width:320px) and (max-width:991.5px){.hRnXob{display:none;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.hRnXob{z-index:1;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-exkUMo */ .hymroZ{background-color:#6ba339;color:#ffffff;display:none;} .hymroZ span.text{padding-left:20px;} @media (min-width:991px){.hymroZ{-webkit-transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;}.hymroZ:hover{background-color :#D8D8D8;-webkit-transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-kcDeIU */ .cbcyj{background-color:#f2f2f2;color:#4a4a4a;display:none;} .cbcyj span.text{padding-left:20px;} @media (min-width:991.5px) and (max-width:1279.5px){.cbcyj{display:none !important;}} @media (min-width:991px){.cbcyj{-webkit-transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;}.cbcyj:hover{background-color :#D8D8D8;-webkit-transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.cbcyj.hide{display:none !important;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-BngTV */ .hmDWcT{background-color:#f2f2f2;color:#4a4a4a;display:none;} .hmDWcT span.text{padding-left:20px;} @media (min-width:1279.5px){.hmDWcT{display:none !important;}} @media (min-width:991px){.hmDWcT{-webkit-transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;}.hmDWcT:hover{background-color :#5D9230;-webkit-transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.hmDWcT.hide{display:none !important;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-hBbWxd */ .kdRRST{background-color:#f2f2f2;border-top:1px solid #ffffff;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;font-size:14px;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;padding:20px 55px 20px 25px;} @media (max-width:1279.5px){.kdRRST{padding-right:20px;}} @media (max-width:991.5px){.kdRRST{display:none;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-dyGzUR */ .cHatnS div{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;} .cHatnS div:last-of-type{padding-top:20px;} .cHatnS span{color:#4F4F4F;font-size:20px;font-weight:700;line-height:26px;} /* sc-component-id: sc-drKuOJ */ .kxdGAZ{-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column-reverse;-ms-flex-direction:column-reverse;flex-direction:column-reverse;height:100%;-webkit-box-pack:end;-webkit-justify-content:flex-end;-ms-flex-pack:end;justify-content:flex-end;} .kxdGAZ span{padding-top:15px;} /* sc-component-id: sc-cTjmhe */ @media (min-width:991.5px){.ihmyEq{width:100%;z-index:1;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-cugefK */ .itFKcQ{background-color:#F2F2F2;color:#4A4A4A;border-top:1px solid #FFFFFF;font-size:16px;font-weight:500;padding:20px;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;cursor:pointer;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;} @media (min-width:991px){.itFKcQ{-webkit-transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;}.itFKcQ:hover{background-color :#D8D8D8;-webkit-transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.itFKcQ.hide{display:none !important;}} .itFKcQ.active .icon-themeable{-webkit-transform:rotate(180deg);-ms-transform:rotate(180deg);transform:rotate(180deg);} /* sc-component-id: sc-fnwBNb */ .etzuBr{display:none;} /* sc-component-id: sc-iNhVCk */ .gWgCNb{background-color:#f2f2f2;border-radius:0;border-top:1px solid #e3e3e3;font-size:16px;color:#4a4a4a;font-weight:500;padding:11px 20px;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;} @media (min-width:991px){.gWgCNb{-webkit-transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;}.gWgCNb:hover{background-color :#D8D8D8;-webkit-transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-eAKXzc */ .WHkfb{-webkit-flex:1 0 90%;-ms-flex:1 0 90%;flex:1 0 90%;padding-left:50px;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.WHkfb{padding-left:93px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.WHkfb{padding-left:50px;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-bfYoXt */ .cGuwDn{width:20px;height:24px;} /* sc-component-id: sc-gbOuXE */ .jGPvPL{width:22px;height:21px;padding:2px;} /* sc-component-id: sc-dRFtgE */ .jrsDZP{-webkit-flex:1 0 80%;-ms-flex:1 0 80%;flex:1 0 80%;padding-left:26px;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.jrsDZP{padding-left:69px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.jrsDZP{padding-left:20px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px) and (max-width:1279.5px){.jrsDZP{display:none;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-gkFcWv */ .gWTCXQ{display:none;} @media (min-width:991.5px){.gWTCXQ{padding-left:20px;max-width:100px;display:inline;}} @media (min-width:1279.5px){.gWTCXQ{display:none;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-hUfwpO */ .jHPgUP{width:100%;border-left:1px solid #f2f2f2;border-right:1px solid #f2f2f2;border-bottom:none;cursor:pointer;} .jHPgUP li{background-color:#f2f2f2;} @media (min-width:991px){.jHPgUP li{-webkit-transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;}.jHPgUP li:hover{background-color :#ffffff;-webkit-transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;}} .jHPgUP h3{display:none;} /* sc-component-id: sc-imABML */ .ibWUzs{background-color:#f2f2f2;color:#4a4a4a;display:block;border-top:1px solid #ffffff;border-radius:0;font-size:16px;font-weight:500;padding:20px;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;cursor:pointer;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;} .ibWUzs .right__icon{padding:0;height:16px;width:20px;} @media (min-width:991px){.ibWUzs{-webkit-transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;}.ibWUzs:hover{background-color :#D8D8D8;-webkit-transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.ibWUzs.hide{display:none !important;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-cjHlYL */ .hYnXNL{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;width:25%;float:right;margin-top:-49px;} @media (max-width:374px){.hYnXNL{width:26.5%;}} @media (min-width:992px){.hYnXNL{display:none;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-dRaagA */ .hGCBfz{background-color:#6BA339;color:white;-webkit-flex:1 0 25%;-ms-flex:1 0 25%;flex:1 0 25%;z-index:100;padding:14px 16px 10px 19px;border-radius:0px;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF;} @media (min-width:320px) and (max-width:767px){.hGCBfz{border-bottom:none;padding:16px 16px 14px 16px;font-size:14px;}.hGCBfz .article_toolbar_icon{display:none;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-fEUNkw */ .dfaOeH{margin-right:16px;width:24px;height:24px;} /* sc-component-id: sc-dREXXX */ .cqhPZs{width:16px;height:auto;float:right;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.cqhPZs{width:24px;height:24px;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-nrwXf */ .byflLi{font-size:14px;padding:16px 20px 24px;} @media (max-width:991px){.byflLi{display:none;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-eitiEO */ .jXeALb{font-size:14px;} .jXeALb:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;} /* sc-component-id: sc-bhlBdH */ .UVThf{font-size:14px;font-weight:bold;} /* sc-component-id: sc-OxbzP */ .eEFYIL{width:100%;height:auto;background-color:#4A4A4A;font-family:'IBM Plex Sans',sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:500;color:#fff;padding:15px 20px;line-height:20px;position:fixed;bottom:0px;z-index:3;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;-webkit-transition:-webkit-transform .25s;-webkit-transition:transform .25s;transition:transform .25s;} .eEFYIL a{color:#7ED321;} .eEFYIL p{display:inline;margin:0;} .eEFYIL.hideBanner{-webkit-transform:translateY(100%);-ms-transform:translateY(100%);transform:translateY(100%);} /* sc-component-id: sc-bYnzgO */ .dsXEHZ{background:transparent;border:none;height:20px;width:20px;margin-left:20px;padding:0;cursor:pointer;} /* sc-component-id: sc-cPuPxo */ .iXKuYd{min-width:20px;height:20px;} /* sc-component-id: baseContent__Main-sc-134g3di-2 */ .cmzomn{margin-top:140px;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.cmzomn{margin-top:85px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.cmzomn{margin-top:70px;min-height:calc(100vh - 334px);}} /* sc-component-id: threeColumn__ThreeColumnWrapper-sc-1bf4078-0 */ .dDyxFF{width:100%;} @media only screen and (min-width:992px){.dDyxFF{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-flow:row wrap;-ms-flex-flow:row wrap;flex-flow:row wrap;padding:0 20px;max-width:1440px;margin:0 auto;}} @media (min-width:991.5px) and (max-width:1100.5px){.dDyxFF .partenership__collabText{font-size:12px;}} @media (min-width:1100.5px) and (max-width:1200.5px){.dDyxFF .partenership__collabText{font-size:14px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px) and (max-width:1071.5px){.dDyxFF .partenership__logoWrapper img{margin-left:20px;margin-bottom:10px;}.dDyxFF .partenership__logoWrapper img:last-child{margin-left:0;margin-bottom:0;}} @media (max-width:1150px){.dDyxFF .journal-metrics-container{display:none;}.dDyxFF .journal_report_link-border-helper{display:none;}} /* sc-component-id: threeColumn__LeftWrapper-sc-1bf4078-1 */ @media only screen and (min-width:992px){.fkVFlF{width:20%;}} @media only screen and (min-width:1280px){.fkVFlF{width:25%;}} /* sc-component-id: threeColumn__RightWrapper-sc-1bf4078-2 */ .jzTMLK{-webkit-transition:-webkit-transform 0.5s;-webkit-transition:transform 0.5s;transition:transform 0.5s;} @media only screen and (min-width:992px){.jzTMLK{width:20%;margin-bottom:60px;}.jzTMLK.translate{-webkit-transform:translateY(-130px);-ms-transform:translateY(-130px);transform:translateY(-130px);}} @media only screen and (min-width:1280px){.jzTMLK{width:25%;}} /* sc-component-id: threeColumn__ContentWrapper-sc-1bf4078-3 */ .bbzREB{margin:0 20px;overflow:hidden;} @media only screen and (min-width:992px){.bbzREB{width:calc(60% - 40px);}} @media only screen and (min-width:1280px){.bbzREB{width:calc(50% - 40px);}} /* sc-component-id: threeColumn__Content-sc-1bf4078-4 */ .jknsZc{margin:0 auto;overflow:hidden;} @media only screen and (min-width:768px){.jknsZc{max-width:688px;}} @media only screen and (min-width:992px){.jknsZc{max-width:100%;}} @media only screen and (min-width:1075px){.jknsZc{max-width:572px;}} /* sc-component-id: article__BaseStyle-sc-10qhnp8-0 */ .gnduKR{width:100%;margin-top:170px;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.gnduKR{margin-top:179px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.gnduKR{margin-top:180px;min-height:840px;}} /* sc-component-id: article__StickyStyle-sc-10qhnp8-1 */ .bomGMi{width:100%;max-width:1440px;z-index:3;-webkit-transition:all .5s;transition:all .5s;} .bomGMi.translate{-webkit-transform:translateY(-120px);-ms-transform:translateY(-120px);transform:translateY(-120px);} @media (min-width:767.5px){.bomGMi.translate{-webkit-transform:translateY(-130px);-ms-transform:translateY(-130px);transform:translateY(-130px);}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.bomGMi.translate{-webkit-transform:translateY(-130px);-ms-transform:translateY(-130px);transform:translateY(-130px);}} /* sc-component-id: article__SubtitleStyled-sc-10qhnp8-2 */ .hdSPnx{background-color:#007B8B;opacity:0.8;color:#fff;margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;padding:17px 0 17px 20px;line-height:23px;height:60px;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;font-size:20px;font-weight:500;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.hdSPnx{line-height:26px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.hdSPnx{line-height:50px;padding:5px 0 5px 20px;height:60px;}} /* sc-component-id: article__JournalMenuTitle-sc-10qhnp8-3 */ .dDYYdJ{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;font-size:16px;font-weight:500;line-height:20px;height:50px;width:100%;background-color:#007B8B;color:#fff;text-align:left;padding-left:14px;padding-right:0;border:0;border-top:1px solid #fff;} .dDYYdJ span{font-size:24px;padding-right:14px;} @media (min-width:991.5px){.dDYYdJ{display:none;}} /* sc-component-id: article__WhiteWrapper-sc-10qhnp8-5 */ .bJcSpM{background-color:#fff;display:block;position:relative;} .bJcSpM h1,.bJcSpM h2{color:#fff;} .bJcSpM h2{font-size:20px;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.bJcSpM h2{font-size:25px;}} .bJcSpM h1{font-size:20px;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.bJcSpM h1{font-size:24px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.bJcSpM h1{font-size:40px;}} /* sc-component-id: articleContent__ArticleContentsWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-0 */ .eSvjPB{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;width:100%;} .eSvjPB .author__editor--hr{display:block;} /* sc-component-id: articleContent__ArticleContentsSectionsWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-1 */ .jntdRu{width:100%;} @media (max-width:991.5px){.jntdRu{margin-top:52px;}} .jntdRu p{margin:12px 0;line-height:20px;} .jntdRu .articlecontent__alignment{width:100%;min-width:306px;padding-left:7px;padding-right:7px;} @media (min-width:346px){.jntdRu .articlecontent__alignment{padding-left:20px;padding-right:20px;}} @media (min-width:767.5px){.jntdRu .articlecontent__alignment{width:543px;margin:auto;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.jntdRu .articlecontent__alignment{max-width:612px;width:75%;margin:inherit;margin-left:50px;padding-left:20px;padding-right:20px;}} @media (min-width:1100px){.jntdRu .articlecontent__alignment{margin-left:118px;}} .jntdRu .article__title{padding-bottom:12px;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.jntdRu .article__title{padding-bottom:15px;}} .jntdRu .article__summary{padding-bottom:65px;} @media (min-width:991.5px){.jntdRu .article__summary{padding-bottom:75px;}} @media (min-width:767.5px){.jntdRu #vjs_video_3 button{-webkit-transform:none;-ms-transform:none;transform:none;left:40%;margin-top:0;}} .jntdRu .video-js .vjs-big-play-button{top:calc(50% - 22.5px);left:calc(50% - 50px);} .jntdRu .video-js{margin:20px 0;} .jntdRu a{color:#4D8A17;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:pointer;} .jntdRu a:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;} /* sc-component-id: articleContent__ArticleWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-2 */ .hAzjHP{background-position:0px 0px;background-origin:content-box;background-size:99%;} /* sc-component-id: articleContent__EditorWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-3 */ .evMkvU{padding:0;} /* sc-component-id: articleContent__PublicationTimeLineWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-4 */ .fjviok{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:15px 0 30px;border-bottom:1px solid #E3E3E3;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.fjviok{border-top:1px solid #E3E3E3;margin:20px 0 30px;}} /* sc-component-id: articleContent__PublcationCol-sc-2yl9jy-5 */ .hgKieC{-webkit-flex-basis:0;-ms-flex-preferred-size:0;flex-basis:0;-webkit-box-flex:1;-webkit-flex-grow:1;-ms-flex-positive:1;flex-grow:1;max-width:100%;border-right:1px solid #E3E3E3;padding:5px 0 15px;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.hgKieC{padding:5px 0;}} .hgKieC.notPublished{display:none;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.hgKieC.notPublished{display:block;}} @media (max-width:767.5px){.hgKieC.isPublished{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;}.hgKieC.isPublished span:first-child::after{content:':';padding-right:3px;}} .hgKieC:last-child{border-right:none;} /* sc-component-id: articleContent__PublicationField-sc-2yl9jy-6 */ .cIribm{display:block;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;} /* sc-component-id: articleContent__PublicationValue-sc-2yl9jy-7 */ .khHUcu{display:block;text-align:center;font-size:14px;} /* sc-component-id: articleContent__TextWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-8 */ .fYrLtk{margin:-7px 0 -5px;font-size:14px;} /* sc-component-id: biblio__Wrapper-sc-1nou1lz-0 */ .eyHfWh{position:relative;} .eyHfWh.hide{display:none;} .eyHfWh hr{position:absolute;left:0;right:0;top:-30px;border-top:1px solid #E3E3E3;border-bottom:0;}.cBTaXT.hide{display:none;} .cBTaXT hr{display:none;} /* sc-component-id: biblio__BiblioWrapper-sc-1nou1lz-1 */ @font-face{font-family:'STIXGeneral-Bold';src:url('https://static-01.hindawi.com/next_assets/B3mMnZy7okrdcmfy00DUF/_next/static/_/hindawi-ui/fonts/STIXGeneral-Regular.otf');} .fOXysy{padding:0 20px 20px;} .fOXysy .bib__image{display:none;} .fOXysy .bib__title{font-size:20px;} .fOXysy .bib__name{font-size:18px;font-family:"STIXGeneral-Bold",serif !important;color:rgb(74,74,74);font-weight:700;} .fOXysy .bib--split .bib__link .bib__info,.fOXysy .bib--split .bib__link.bib__link--image .bib__info,.fOXysy [class*=bib--txt] .bib__link .bib__info,.fOXysy [class*=bib--txt] .bib__link.bib__link--image .bib__info{padding:10px 0 !important;} .fOXysy .bib__author{font-size:14px;line-height:22px;color:rgb(132,132,132);margin-top:3px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-right:20px;opacity:1;font-family:"IBM Plex Sans",sans-serif;font-weight:500;} .fOXysy #biblio_sidebar .bib__link{border-top:1px solid rgb(227,227,227) !important;padding-top:5px !important;padding-bottom:5px !important;} .fOXysy #biblio_sidebar .bib__link:first-child{border-top:0 !important;padding-top:0 !important;} .fOXysy #biblio_sidebar .bib__link:first-child .bib__info{padding-top:0 !important;} .fOXysy #biblio_widget .bib--split .bib__link .bib__info,.fOXysy #biblio_widget .bib--split .bib__link.bib__link--image .bib__info{padding:10px 15px 10px 0 !important;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.fOXysy{padding:0 40px 20px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.fOXysy{padding:0 20px;}} /* sc-component-id: biblio__H4-sc-1nou1lz-2 */ .kgAKHb{font-size:20px;font-family:"IBM Plex Sans";color:#000;font-weight:600;margin-top:34px;margin-bottom:18px;padding:0 20px;} /* sc-component-id: journal_article__ArticleStickyTopToolbar-sc-12fk6zy-0 */ .gbrQxi{display:none;} @media (min-width:991.5px){.gbrQxi{display:block;}.gbrQxi .article_top_toolbar{top:110px;z-index:-100;}.gbrQxi .article_top_toolbar .pdf_desktop{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;}.gbrQxi .article_top_toolbar .ref_desktop{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;}} .gbrQxi .article_toolbar_views{margin-top:-58px;display:block;text-align:right;} /* sc-component-id: journal_article__ArticleStickyBottomToolbar-sc-12fk6zy-1 */ @media (min-width:991.5px){.isgRZA .article_bottom_toolbar{top:292px;z-index:-10;}} /* sc-component-id: journal_article__BreadCrumbStyle-sc-12fk6zy-2 */ @media (min-width:991.5px){.bjwAQR{padding:16px 20px 24px;height:60px;}} /* sc-component-id: journal_article__ArticleBaseStyle-sc-12fk6zy-3 */ .NQpXC .content,.NQpXC .contentWrapper{overflow:visible;} /* sc-component-id: journal_article__BiblioIntegratorSidebar-sc-12fk6zy-4 */ .cYsVdk{max-width:350px;} @media (max-width:991.5px){.cYsVdk{display:none !important;}} /* sc-component-id: journal_article__BiblioIntegratorWidget-sc-12fk6zy-5 */ .dbAANp{background-color:#f5f5f5;padding:15px 20px 24px 20px;margin-top:2px;margin-bottom:20px;} @media (min-width:991.5px){.dbAANp{margin-top:-64px;margin-bottom:40px;}} .dbAANp .hrTitleRef{padding:0;margin-top:0;font-family:'IBM Plex Sans',sans-serif;} .dbAANp #biblio_widget{padding:0;}</style> </head> <body style="margin:0;box-sizing:border-box"> <div id="__next"> <div class="static_page"> <div class="page no__focus__outline"> <header class="sc-fjdhpX jzXSTA"> <div class="sc-bZQynM bNmdOy E_HUmlU2Hj3PpkDmWzKPd header__padding"> <div class="sc-kAzzGY epRoim mobileLogoFlex _1fpqArXPCxgnlv2rXZC2sl _1SoDWGr_FVsil9klRfjnhb"> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link" href="//www.newsama.com/" aria-label="Home"><img alt="标志”年代rc="https://preprod-admin.w2o.hindawi.com/themes/custom/hindawi_extended/logo.svg" class="sc-ckVGcZ gjctdt"></a> </div> <div class="sc-jzJRlG jGJLow mobileButtonFlex _2v1j-tLx3hx0tgKcpPzH6B _3wm8FgzqRuRWouJG31YgKx E_HUmlU2Hj3PpkDmWzKPd"> <nav class="sc-bxivhb ivbKJD"> <ul class="sc-ifAKCX fopjOz sc-kpOJdX kAzjOl"> <li class="navigation__link"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link link" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/" aria-label="Journals">期刊</一个></l我><l我class="navigation__link"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link link" href="//www.newsama.com/publish-research/" aria-label="Publish with us">雷电竞下载苹果</a></li> <li class="navigation__link"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link link" href="//www.newsama.com/publishing-partnerships/" aria-label="Publishing partnerships">raybet推荐吗</a></li> <li class="navigation__link"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link link" href="//www.newsama.com/about/" aria-label="About us">关于我们</一个></l我><l我class="navigation__link"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link link" href="//www.newsama.com/blog/" aria-label="Blog">博客</一个></l我></ul> </nav> <button class="sc-chPdSV hbVEoI icon__search" aria-label="Search"><span class="sc-htoDjs khbeDd icon__search icon-colored _3hSk3ArgsWMFh5QJIGblNr icon-themeable" title="" font-size="24"></span></button> <button aria-label="Hamburger Menu" class="sc-cSHVUG ldSkVQ"><span class="sc-htoDjs khbeDd hamburger icon-colored _20YUA8q5mREEBfJm8VsdXV icon-themeable" title="" font-size="24"></span></button> </div> </div> </header> <div class="sc-bZQynM bNmdOy"></div> <main class="baseContent__Main-sc-134g3di-2 cmzomn article__BaseStyle-sc-10qhnp8-0 gnduKR DADtd11SJ4KyWZ2l6zAnr base_style journal_article__ArticleBaseStyle-sc-12fk6zy-3 NQpXC"> <div class="sc-bZQynM bNmdOy width_wrapper"> <div id="journal__navigation" class="sc-cbkKFq kuxTps article__StickyStyle-sc-10qhnp8-1 bomGMi"> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link article__WhiteWrapper-sc-10qhnp8-5 bJcSpM" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jar/" aria-label=""><h2 class="sc-eHgmQL fTkdCR article__SubtitleStyled-sc-10qhnp8-2 hdSPnx _1ZrXcsbATVL_kHOpFAan9k">衰老研究杂志》</gydF4y2Bah2></a> <button class="article__JournalMenuTitle-sc-10qhnp8-3 dDYYdJ journalNavCheck" id="journalMenuTitle"><span>+</年代pan>杂志菜单</bgydF4y2Bautton> <div class="sc-bdVaJa EwsTm isHide" id="fadeOut"></div> <div class="sc-cjHlYL hYnXNL"> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-dRaagA hGCBfz article-toolbar-link" href="//www.newsama.com/downloads/journals/jar/2012/287438.pdf" aria-label="" target="_blank"><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl sc-fEUNkw dfaOeH article_toolbar_icon" title="" role="presentation" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/next_assets/B3mMnZy7okrdcmfy00DUF/_next/static/node_modules/hindawi-ui/src/icon/svg/pdf.svg" height="24">PDF<我米g一个lt=””cl一个年代年代="sc-EHOje jOLhQl sc-dREXXX cqhPZs" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="24"></a> </div> <nav id="journal__nav" class="sc-hGoxap dEfJbW article__JournalNavigationStyle-sc-10qhnp8-4 gaRePw isHide journalNavCheck"> <div class="sc-giadOv eBepOs journalNavCheck"> <button class="sc-hSdWYo etauus sc-fjmCvl fSPaCp journalNavCheck" color="">日报》概述<年代pan class="sc-htoDjs gvAGTV sc-bHwgHz ctePXh journalNavCheck icon__inactive icon-white _1CwL9R82TPl2HxDleeYGDR icon-themeable" title="" font-size="9"></span><span class="sc-htoDjs gvAGTV sc-bHwgHz ctePXh journalNavCheck icon__active icon-colored icon__hidden _1CwL9R82TPl2HxDleeYGDR icon-themeable" title="" font-size="9"></span></button> </div> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-TFwJa gCIfTO" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jar/guidelines/" aria-label="For authors">对于作者</一个><一个cl一个年代年代=”年代c-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-TFwJa gCIfTO" href="//www.newsama.com/publish-research/reviewers/" aria-label="For reviewers">对于审查员</一个><一个cl一个年代年代=”年代c-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-TFwJa gCIfTO" href="//www.newsama.com/publish-research/editors/" aria-label="For editors">的编辑器</一个><一个cl一个年代年代=”年代c-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-TFwJa gCIfTO" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jar/contents/year/2021/" aria-label="Table of Contents">表的内容</一个><div class="sc-giadOv eBepOs journalNavCheck"> <button class="sc-hSdWYo etauus sc-fjmCvl bVEEaH journalNavCheck" color="">特殊的问题<年代pan class="sc-htoDjs gvAGTV sc-bHwgHz ctePXh journalNavCheck icon__inactive icon-white _1CwL9R82TPl2HxDleeYGDR icon-themeable" title="" font-size="9"></span><span class="sc-htoDjs gvAGTV sc-bHwgHz ctePXh journalNavCheck icon__active icon-colored icon__hidden _1CwL9R82TPl2HxDleeYGDR icon-themeable" title="" font-size="9"></span></button> </div> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-jtRfpW hHKuAX submit__button journalNavCheck" href="https://review.hindawi.com/submit?journal=jar" aria-label="" target="" id=""><span><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl sc-kTUwUJ jUTgTa" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="24"><span class="text">提交</年代pan></span><span class="sc-htoDjs kNoiZu sc-dqBHgY cQgXqt fileArrow icon-colored undefined icon-themeable" title="" font-size="16"></span></a> <div class="sc-krDsej ewCAZX hide__submenu journalSubmenuCheck" id="journalnav__submenu"> <button class="sc-itybZL kdvWPs journalSubmenuCheck"><span class="sc-htoDjs gvAGTV sc-fzsDOv hAFFGk journalSubmenuCheck icon-colored _1CwL9R82TPl2HxDleeYGDR icon-themeable" title="" font-size="9"></span></button> </div> <div class="sc-dTdPqK lkWWFY hide__submenu journal__nav__desktop" id="journalnav__submenudesktop"> <div order="0" class="sc-kUaPvJ ehYbwJ"> <div class="sc-gPWkxV legory"></div> <div class="sc-gPWkxV legory"></div> </div> <div class="sc-jVODtj epgILe"></div> <span class="sc-fONwsr kCfRMJ"></span> </div> </nav> </div> <div class="sc-nrwXf byflLi breadcrumb__wrapper journal_article__BreadCrumbStyle-sc-12fk6zy-2 bjwAQR article"> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-eitiEO jXeALb breadCrumb" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jar/" aria-label="Journal of Aging Research">衰老研究杂志》</一个>/<gydF4y2Ba一个cl一个年代年代=”年代c- - - - - -htpNat bUhGXt link sc-eitiEO jXeALb breadCrumb" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jar/contents/year/2012/" aria-label="2012">2012年</一个>/<gydF4y2Ba年代pan class="sc-bhlBdH UVThf">文章</年代pan> </div> <div class="threeColumn__ThreeColumnWrapper-sc-1bf4078-0 dDyxFF threeColumnWrapper"> <div class="threeColumn__LeftWrapper-sc-1bf4078-1 fkVFlF leftWrapper"> <button type="button" class="sc-eKZiaR dzZrgS section__button " id="sectionButton"><span class="sc-htoDjs diutvq icon__dots dots__detector icon-colored _3n-7Ho7DlfjMlZbrRr9Q4a icon-themeable" title="" font-size="22"></span>文章部分</bgydF4y2Bautton> <div class="sc-bEjcJn jLUVhb static_contents__section_links links__hidden "> <div id="leftSectionMenu" class="sc-cbkKFq prcY sc-bGbJRg dVCLgr left_section_menu"> <p>在这一页上</gydF4y2Bap> <span class="sc-likbZx bBmZJZ grey" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-ePZHVD ewHMLz" href="#abstract" aria-label="">文摘</一个></年代pan> <span class="sc-likbZx bBmZJZ grey" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-ePZHVD ewHMLz" href="#introduction" aria-label="">介绍</一个></年代pan> <span class="sc-likbZx bBmZJZ grey" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-ePZHVD ewHMLz" href="#results" aria-label="">结果</一个></年代pan> <span class="sc-likbZx bBmZJZ grey" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-ePZHVD ewHMLz" href="#discussion" aria-label="">讨论</一个></年代pan> <span class="sc-likbZx bBmZJZ grey" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-ePZHVD ewHMLz" href="#acknowledgments" aria-label="">确认</一个></年代pan> <span class="sc-likbZx bBmZJZ grey" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-ePZHVD ewHMLz" href="#references" aria-label="">引用</一个></年代pan> <span class="sc-likbZx bBmZJZ grey" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-ePZHVD ewHMLz" href="#copyright" aria-label="">版权</一个></年代pan> </div> </div> </div> <div class="threeColumn__ContentWrapper-sc-1bf4078-3 bbzREB contentWrapper"> <div class="threeColumn__Content-sc-1bf4078-4 jknsZc content"> <div class="articleContent__ArticleContentsWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-0 eSvjPB article_contents"> <div class="articleContent__ArticleContentsSectionsWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-1 jntdRu article_contents__sections_wrapper"> <div class="articleContent__ArticleWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-2 hAzjHP"> <div class="sc-chbbiW mBGSe article_header_class"> <div class="sc-kxynE fgGykB"> <span class="sc-cooIXK gQxyld">特殊的问题</年代pan> <h2 class="sc-fcdeBU bVtmCk">生活方式因素和认知老化</gydF4y2Bah2> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-gmeYpB hSHJbi" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jar/si/274593/" aria-label="">把这个特殊的问题</一个><hr class="sc-clNaTc ktFfKO"> </div> <p class="sc-kZmsYB bkiEfx article_type">研究文章|<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->开放获取</gydF4y2Bap> <div class="sc-RcBXQ ztvYg article_citation"> 体积<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> 2012年<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> <span class="sc-fZwumE cUsFHx">|</年代pan>文章的ID<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> 287438年<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> <span class="sc-fZwumE cUsFHx">|</年代pan> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-fQejPQ duuwge" href="https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/287438" aria-label="Doi-link">https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/287438</一个></div> <div class="sc-LKuAh lcOiDF article_full_citation"> <div class="sc-hzNEM gsmOCv isHide"> <p>卡桑德拉·l·布朗,劳拉·e·吉本斯罗伯特·f·肯尼森安妮Robitaille,马格努斯Lindwall,梅根·b·米切尔,史蒂文·d .逃避专家Alireza阿,辛西娅·r·西米诺Andreana贝尼特斯,斯图尔特·w·s·麦克唐纳伊丽莎白·m·他雪莉·l·威利斯,心理学家史凯伊k, Boo约翰逊,罗杰·a·迪克森丹•m . Mungas安德里亚·m·斯科特•m•霍弗Piccinin<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> ”<年代pan class="adjust-article-svg-size">社会活动和认知功能:协调四个纵向研究的分析</年代pan>”,<gydF4y2Ba!-- --><i>衰老研究杂志》</我>,<ggydF4y2BaydF4y2Ba!-- --> 卷。<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->2012年<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> 文章的ID<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->287438年<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> 12<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->   页面<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> 2012年<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->。<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/287438</gydF4y2Bap> </div> <button class="sc-hSdWYo etauus sc-iBEsjs kPshFw" color="">显示引用</bgydF4y2Bautton> </div> <h1 class="sc-iRbamj jZOxOO sc-iSDuPN bDJBEi article_title adjust-article-svg-size heading-title">社会活动和认知功能:协调四个纵向研究的分析</gydF4y2Bah1> </div> <div class="sc-jrIrqw eHMFfo article_authors"> <hr class="sc-cEvuZC XkrFe hr__author"> <span class=""><b>卡桑德拉·l·布朗</b><一个cl一个年代年代=”年代c-htpNat bUhGXt link" href="mailto:" aria-label="Mail Option"><span class="sc-htoDjs kNoiZu sc-hjRWVT irNWJI icon-colored _2zt-1j0LmaF8UjTQAM413G icon-themeable" title="" font-size="16"></span></a>,<年代up>1</年代up></span> <span class="">劳拉·e·吉本斯<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<年代up>2</年代up></span> <span class="">罗伯特·f·肯尼森<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<年代up>3</年代up></span> <span class="">安妮Robitaille<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<年代up>1</年代up></span> <span class="">马格努斯Lindwall<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<年代up>4<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->5</年代up></span> <span class="">梅根·b·米切尔<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<年代up>6</年代up></span> <span class="">Steven d .逃避<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<年代up>6</年代up></span> <span class="">此前阿<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<年代up>6</年代up></span> <span class="">辛西娅·r·西米洛<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<年代up>7</年代up></span> <span class="">Andreana贝尼特斯<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<年代up>8</年代up></span> <span class="">斯图亚特·w·s·麦克唐纳<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<年代up>1</年代up></span> <span class="">伊丽莎白·m .他<年代up>9</年代up><i class="">et al。</我></年代pan> <span class="isHide">雪莉·l·威利斯<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<年代up>10</年代up></span> <span class="isHide">心理学家史凯伊k .<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<年代up>10</年代up></span> <span class="isHide">Boo约翰逊<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<年代up>5</年代up></span> <span class="isHide">罗杰·a·迪克森<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<年代up>11</年代up></span> <span class="isHide">丹·m·Mungas<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<年代up>12</年代up></span> <span class="isHide">斯科特·m·霍弗<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<年代up>1</年代up></span> <span class="isHide"><b>安德里亚·m·Piccinin</b><一个cl一个年代年代=”年代c-htpNat bUhGXt link" href="mailto:" aria-label="Mail Option"><span class="sc-htoDjs kNoiZu sc-hjRWVT irNWJI icon-colored _2zt-1j0LmaF8UjTQAM413G icon-themeable" title="" font-size="16"></span></a><sup>1</年代up></span> <div class="sc-fHxwqH dMuGGA isHide"> <p><sup>1</年代up><span>维多利亚大学心理学系,邮政信箱3050 STN CSC,维多利亚,公元前,加拿大</年代pan></p> <p><sup>2</年代up><span>Harborview医疗中心和普通内科医学,华盛顿大学,359780箱,325年第九大道,西雅图,佤邦98104,美国</年代pan></p> <p><sup>3</年代up><span>加州州立大学心理学系,洛杉矶,5151年州立大学,洛杉矶CA 90032,美国</年代pan></p> <p><sup>4</年代up><span>食品和营养学系和体育科学和心理学系,哥德堡大学,邮政信箱100,405 SE 30哥德堡,瑞典</年代pan></p> <p><sup>5</年代up><span>哥德堡大学心理学系,邮政信箱500,405 SE 30哥德堡,瑞典</年代pan></p> <p><sup>6</年代up><span>贝德福德退伍军人医疗中心、马萨诸塞州综合医院、哈佛医学院,200泉路,贝德福德,马01730,美国</年代pan></p> <p><sup>7</年代up><span>南佛罗里达大学心理学和神经学部门,4202 e·福勒大道,坦帕,高度层33620,美国</年代pan></p> <p><sup>8</年代up><span>生物医学成像中心,南卡罗来纳医科大学的68年总统圣,MSC 120年,查尔斯顿SC 29425,美国</年代pan></p> <p><sup>9</年代up><span>戴维斯·安德勒斯老化研究中心和伦纳德学院的老年医学,南加州大学,洛杉矶CA 90089 - 0191,美国</年代pan></p> <p><sup>10</年代up><span>大学精神病学和行为科学系的华盛顿,180 Nickerson, 206套房,西雅图,佤邦98109,美国</年代pan></p> <p><sup>11</年代up><span>阿尔伯塔大学心理学系,p - 217生物科学大楼,埃德蒙顿,加拿大的AB</年代pan></p> <p><sup>12</年代up><span>劳伦斯·埃里森门诊中心,戴维斯的加州大学Y街4860号,0100年Ste,萨克拉门托,CA 95817,美国</年代pan></p> </div> <button class="sc-hSdWYo etauus sc-iQtOjA kfDwZY" color="">显示更多</bgydF4y2Bautton> </div> <div class="articleContent__EditorWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-3 evMkvU"> <div class="articleContent__TextWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-8 fYrLtk"> <b>学术编辑器:</b>gydF4y2Ba丹尼斯Gerstorf</gydF4y2Badiv> <div class="articleContent__PublicationTimeLineWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-4 fjviok"> <div class="articleContent__PublcationCol-sc-2yl9jy-5 hgKieC notPublished"> <span class="articleContent__PublicationField-sc-2yl9jy-6 cIribm">收到了</年代pan> <span class="articleContent__PublicationValue-sc-2yl9jy-7 khHUcu">2012年3月30</年代pan> </div> <div class="articleContent__PublcationCol-sc-2yl9jy-5 hgKieC notPublished"> <span class="articleContent__PublicationField-sc-2yl9jy-6 cIribm">接受</年代pan> <span class="articleContent__PublicationValue-sc-2yl9jy-7 khHUcu">2012年7月30日</年代pan> </div> <div class="articleContent__PublcationCol-sc-2yl9jy-5 hgKieC isPublished"> <span class="articleContent__PublicationField-sc-2yl9jy-6 cIribm">发表</年代pan> <span class="articleContent__PublicationValue-sc-2yl9jy-7 khHUcu">09年9月2012年</年代pan> </div> </div> </div> <article class="sc-jtRlXQ hkyIvx article_body "> <div> <div class="xml-content"> <h4 class="header" id="abstract">文摘</gydF4y2Bah4> <p>社交活动通常被视为一种忙碌的生活方式的一部分,可以帮助减轻有害高龄对认知功能的影响。因此,社交活动已经检查与认知能力在以后的生活中。然而,迄今为止,这一假设纵向证据仍不确定。当前的研究试图阐明社会活动与认知功能之间的关系随着时间的推移使用协调跨四个纵向研究数据分析方法。一系列多层次的增长模式与社会活动包括作为协变量。认知功能评估的四个领域:推理、记忆、流畅性和语义知识。结果表明,基线社会活动关系到一些,但不是全部,认知功能。基线社会活动水平未能预测,下降的速度在大多数的认知能力。社会活动的变化不一致与认知功能有关。我们的研究结果并不提供一致的证据表明在社会活动的变化对应于即时收益的认知功能,除了语言流畅。</p> <span class="end-abs"></span> <h4 id="introduction">1。介绍</gydF4y2Bah4> <p>年长的成年的认知衰退仍然令人担忧,随着人口老龄化的一个领域。一些认知功能的改变,如降低处理速度,被认为是衰老过程的规范性方面(<一个href="#B1">1</一个>]。然而,即使是轻度认知障碍的影响功能能力突出维护的重要性认知功能尽可能长时间(<一个href="#B2">2</一个>]。大量的证据表明,生活方式的因素和认知功能在年长的成年有关<一个href="#B3">3</一个>]。有时概括的格言“使用它或失去它”,目前证据表明,领先的积极的生活方式“使用”可能缓冲与年龄相关的认知下降的影响“失去”(<一个href="#B3">3</一个>- - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - -<gydF4y2Ba一个href="#B5">5</一个>]。生活方式的主动和积极参与的机制可能与更好或保存在成年老年认知功能仍有待阐明。然而,认知储备假说预测,有些人能更好地承受生理脑损伤没有可测量的认知障碍,因为他们有更大的能力开始(<一个href="#B6">6</一个>]。个人可以积极增加他们的“储备”通过从事认知刺激活动<一个href="#B3">3</一个>]。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>社会活动被认为是构成一个积极而充实的生活方式的一部分,与认知和体育活动<一个href="#B3">3</一个>,<gydF4y2Ba一个href="#B4">4</一个>,<gydF4y2Ba一个href="#B7">7</一个>- - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - -<gydF4y2Ba一个href="#B9">9</一个>]。然而,证据社会活动参与和认知功能之间的关系是复杂的。一些研究发现社会活动和认知功能之间的关系<一个href="#B10">10</一个>),而其他人则未能这样做(<一个href="#B11">11</一个>]。在干预研究中,老年人生活在住宅保健认知功能正常,后参与日常短期社会和身体活动会话,进行更好的认知比他们在基线评估。然而,研究设计了物理和社会活动<一个href="#B12">12</一个>]。相反,Aartsen et al。<一个href="#B11">11</一个>)没有发现社会活动与认知功能之间的关系使用cross-lagged六年后回归方法,试图阐明最强的因果路径。同样的,绿色等。<一个href="#B13">13</一个>)没有发现支持这一假说的社会接触是预防认知能力下降。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>inconclusiveness已经承认的结果之前,建议与统计技术的差异(<一个href="#B4">4</一个>,<gydF4y2Ba一个href="#B8">8</一个>]。然而,在研究中使用类似的分析方法,如逻辑回归,结果仍是混合(例如,<一个href="#B14">14</一个>- - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - -<gydF4y2Ba一个href="#B17">17</一个>])。研究调查社交活动是否可以预测认知功能和认知功能的变化随着时间的推移,使用生长建模技术,也缺乏一致的发现。詹姆斯和他的同事们(<一个href="#B10">10</一个>)发现,社交活动在基线与更高的全球认知功能和基线水平降低,下降的速度。Ertel et al。<一个href="#B18">18</一个>)发现基线社会融合与记忆衰退的速度较慢,但不是基线内存性能。在丹麦研究双胞胎,McGue和克里斯坦森<一个href="#B19">19</一个>)发现,相关社会活动在基线水平的认知功能但不随时间变化的认知功能。他们还发现,在同卵双胞胎同性,没有证据表明更多的社会活动的双胞胎是不太可能经历比不活跃cotwin认知能力下降。总的来说,这些研究表明,许多问题仍是社会活动和认知功能之间的关系(<一个href="#B4">4</一个>,<gydF4y2Ba一个href="#B7">7</一个>]。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>目前尚不清楚是否一生的社会交往(随着时间的推移,社会活动的影响应计)保护,或者社会活动与认知功能的变化。小和他的同事们(<一个href="#B20">20.</一个>)进行社会活动的变化之间的关系和认知功能的变化,发现有力的证据为认知功能变化的预测比反社会活动的变化。其他的研究也只包括基线预测社交活动。然而,社会关系被发现改变定性随着人们年龄的增长(<一个href="#B21">21</一个>]。社会活动的变化在任何时候可能与认知功能的改变在控制了它的总体趋势。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>在探索当前论文建立在以前的工作是否包括社会活动作为一个变量随时间的变化可以澄清社会活动之间的关系和认知功能在年长的成年。使用多级建模与社会活动增长作为时变协变量允许考试之间的关系是有时限的认知和社会活动的变化。这允许一个详细的测试是否社交活动对认知功能的影响是累积随着时间或改变社会活动水平是否会相对较快地影响认知功能。检查时间社交和认知功能之间的关系需要通知的可能机制理论。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>当前分析检视社会活动之间的关系,社会活动的变化,和四个领域的认知,包括:推理、记忆、流畅性和语义知识在四个不同的人群。相同的数据来测试模型从四个不同的纵向研究:长滩的纵向研究(LBLS),西雅图纵向研究(SLS),维多利亚纵向研究(VLS),而长寿老人的方差的起源:老者双胞胎研究(OCTO-Twin)。这个地址的可能性不同分析方法可能会产生不同的结果,并提供机会立即复制和结果的直接比较。样本的多样性,两个美国,一个加拿大人,和一个瑞典语,增加结果的普遍性和减少的可能性,发现可能是由于一个国家或社会的特定特性。</gydF4y2Bap> <h4 id="method">2。方法</gydF4y2Bah4> <p>这项研究,开始作为一个伙伴关系的高级心理测量方法研讨会系列(Mungas et al ., NIA会议授予)和老龄化纵向研究的综合分析(IALSA)网络(<一个href="#B22">22</一个>),把研讨会的参与者一起研究人员从四个IALSA成员。这些研究特别选择基于他们的认知、体育和社会活动数据连同一系列认知功能措施在多个场合举行跨四个研究共同点。而活动和认知功能变量并不总是相同的,在每一个研究变量的子集选择基于基本原理,利用类似的域构造层面(例如,流体推理(Gf),结晶知识(Gc),短期记忆(Gsm)和长期存储和检索(Glr;例如,类别流利))<一个href="#B23">23</一个>]。在某些情况下,这些措施都是一样的,但更多的则不同,提供严格的和概念性的复制的机会。一个例外是OCTO-Twin数据集,流畅的措施并不是可用的。</gydF4y2Bap> <h5 id="sec2.1">2.1。长寿老人的方差的起源(OCTO-Twin)参与者(瑞典)</gydF4y2Bah5> <p>OCTO-Twin研究是基于古老的瑞典双胞胎注册表,包括702名年龄在80岁及以上的参与者的时候第一次评估。开始在1991 - 1993年,纵向设计包括最多五个测量场合每隔2年。所有个人在基线被排除在痴呆诊断分析(<年代vg height="11.0375" id="M1" style="vertical-align:-0.27588pt;width:42.912498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 42.912498 11.0375" width="42.912498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.17)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.6773224" y="0"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.71771" y="0"> 9</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.969212" y="0"> 8</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)。总样本包括604人,其中524人的社会活动测量和至少一个认知措施。失去了大约20%的样本在每个后续波(每年10%),但大多数的磨损是由于死亡。性别比例、教育、社会经济地位、婚姻状况、和住房OCTO-Twin样本对应人口统计的瑞典这个年龄段的人口(<一个href="#B24">24</一个>]。样本的人口统计信息出现在桌子上<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jar/2012/287438/tab1/" target="_blank">1</一个>。</gydF4y2Bap> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="tab1"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-tab1"> <table class="table-group" id="tab1"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <table class="table"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="6"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr class="thead"> <td align="left"></td> <td align="center" colspan="5">一年的测试</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr class="thead"> <td align="left">测量</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">基线<年代vg height="13.6375" id="M2" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 61.137501 13.6375" width="61.137501" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.6375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.09)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.840821" y="0"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.88121" y="0"> 5</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.13271" y="0"> 2</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.384209" y="0"> 4</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="44.635712" y="0"> )</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></td> <td align="center">第二年(<年代vg height="10.8125" id="M3" style="vertical-align:-0.10033pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 50.724998 10.8125" width="50.724998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.8125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.35)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.6773224" y="0"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.71771" y="0"> 4</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.969212" y="0"> 2</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.220711" y="0"> 4</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">年4 (<年代vg height="11.0375" id="M4" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 50.724998 11.0375" width="50.724998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.17)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.4)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.6773224" y="0"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.71771" y="0"> 3</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.969212" y="0"> 2</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.220711" y="0"> 6</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">年6 (<年代vg height="11.1" id="M5" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 50.724998 11.1" width="50.724998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.1)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.12)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.6773224" y="0"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.71771" y="0"> 2</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.969212" y="0"> 4</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.220711" y="0"> 5</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">年8 (<年代vg height="11.1" id="M6" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 50.724998 11.1" width="50.724998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.1)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.12)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.6773224" y="0"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.71771" y="0"> 1</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.969212" y="0"> 7</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.220711" y="0"> 5</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr class="thead"> <td align="left"></td> <td align="center">米(SD)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">米(SD)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">米(SD)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">米(SD)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">米(SD)</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="6"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">保留从先前的测试(%)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center">82.9</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">76.7</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">76.2</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">72.8</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">年龄</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">83.2 (2.9)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">85.2 (2.8)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">86.9 (2.5)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">88.8 (2.5)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">90.7 (2.4)</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">教育</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">7.2 (2.3)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">7.3 (2.4)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">7.3 (2.3)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">7.2 (2.1)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">7.2 (2.3)</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">性别,女(<年代vg height="7.1374998" id="M7" style="vertical-align:-0.10033pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 7.8874998 7.1374998" width="7.8874998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.1375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-66.29)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>(%))</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">365 (66)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">299 (65)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">233 (66)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">193 (72)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">146 (74)</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">推理</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">11.6 (7.1)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">11.6 (7.1)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">11.5 (7.0)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">10.2 (7.3)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">10.2 (7.3)</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">内存</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">9.6 (4.0)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">9.5 (4.2)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">9.5 (4.2)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">9.1 (4.4)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">9.1 (4.4)</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">语义知识</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">28.2 (11.1)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">28.8 (11.1)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">28.8 (11.1)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">26.1 (11.4)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">26.1 (11.4)</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">社会活动</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">3.0 (1.0)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">3.0 (1.0)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">3.1 (0.9)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">2.8 (1.0)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">2.8 (0.9)</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">社会活动的变化</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">- - - - - -</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">−0.1 (1.0)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">−0.0 (1.1)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">−0.2 (1.1)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">−0.4 (1.2)</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr class="table-tr"> <td colspan="6"> <hr class="tbody-hr"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> <tr class="table-fn"> <td>M:意思是,SD:标准差。每个测量的范围上限如下定义:推理= 0-42内存=约,语义知识= 0-44 = 0 - 4和社会活动。更高的分数代表更高的活动。<bgydF4y2Bar></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">表1</年代pan> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jar/2012/287438/tab1/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> OCTO-twin参与者的特征。</gydF4y2Badiv> </div> </div> <h6 id="sec2.1.1">2.1.1。OCTO-Twin措施和程序</gydF4y2Bah6> <p><span class="statement" id="head1"><span class="statement-title"><i class="statement-title">OCTO-Twin认知措施</我></年代pan><br><i>推理</我>评估使用Koh的块设计测试(<一个href="#B25">25</一个>]。在这个任务中,参与者提供红色和白色块和一些模式在卡片上,并要求构造块的设计在卡片上。<我>内存</我>评估使用散文回忆测试中,参与者被要求立即自由回忆短暂(100字)的故事,有一个幽默点(<一个href="#B26">26</一个>]。反应是编码的信息回忆的方式类似于韦氏记忆量表(<一个href="#B27">27</一个>]。<我>语义知识</我>评估使用的瑞典版本信息任务(<一个href="#B28">28</一个>),其中包括一般知识的问题。</年代pan></p> <p><span class="statement" id="head2"><span class="statement-title"><i class="statement-title">OCTO-Twin社交活动</我></年代pan><br>参与者被要求在每一波:“<我>你看到有多少人?</我>“可能的回答是:“没有一个”(0);“1 - 2”(1);“3 - 5”(2);“6 - 10“(3),或“11个或更多”(4)。</年代pan></p> <h5 id="sec2.2">2.2。美国长滩纵向研究参与者(CA)</gydF4y2Bah5> <p>LBLS于1978年开始当参与者被招募的家庭健康计划健康维护组织(HMO),主要包括长滩和奥兰治县的居民。第一个面板包括几个或55 - 87岁的583人。老的民族集团(98%的白人)相似的65 +人口区域根据1970年的人口普查。面板2,1992年开始,包括633个人联系相同的HMO(64年被排除在外是因为弗兰克痴呆或严重的感觉或神经系统问题)。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>为了包含同样的措施,这些在西雅图纵向研究中,LBLS面板1 (<年代vg height="11.0375" id="M8" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:50.724998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 50.724998 11.0375" width="50.724998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.17)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.4)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.6773224" y="0"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.71771" y="0"> 1</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.969212" y="0"> 0</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.220711" y="0"> 6</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>2()和面板<年代vg height="11.0375" id="M9" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:50.724998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 50.724998 11.0375" width="50.724998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.17)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.4)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.6773224" y="0"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.71771" y="0"> 6</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.969212" y="0"> 3</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.220711" y="0"> 1</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)数据从1994年到2003年被使用在目前的分析,排除个人1994年55岁以下(基线<年代vg height="11.1" id="M10" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:50.724998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 50.724998 11.1" width="50.724998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.1)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.12)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.6773224" y="0"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.71771" y="0"> 5</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.969212" y="0"> 6</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.220711" y="0"> 5</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)。在此期间,每隔三年收集的数据。摩擦在每个间隔大约是50%,或17%每年。痴呆发病率尚不清楚。样本的描述性信息提出了表<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jar/2012/287438/tab2/" target="_blank">2</一个>。附加信息LBLS设计、措施和参与者可以找到其他地方(<一个href="#B29">29日</一个>,<gydF4y2Ba一个href="#B30">30.</一个>]。</gydF4y2Bap> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="tab2"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-tab2"> <table class="table-group" id="tab2"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <table class="table"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="5"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr class="thead"> <td align="left"></td> <td align="center" colspan="4">一年的测试</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr class="thead"> <td align="left">测量</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">基线(<年代vg height="11.1" id="M11" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 50.724998 11.1" width="50.724998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.1)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.12)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.6773224" y="0"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.71771" y="0"> 5</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.969212" y="0"> 6</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.220711" y="0"> 5</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">三年级(<年代vg height="10.9125" id="M12" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 50.724998 10.9125" width="50.724998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.6773224" y="0"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.71771" y="0"> 3</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.969212" y="0"> 0</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.220711" y="0"> 0</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">年6 (<年代vg height="10.9125" id="M13" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 50.724998 10.9125" width="50.724998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.6773224" y="0"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.71771" y="0"> 1</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.969212" y="0"> 4</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.220711" y="0"> 3</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">年9 (<年代vg height="10.9125" id="M14" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 50.724998 10.9125" width="50.724998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.6773224" y="0"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.71771" y="0"> 1</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.969212" y="0"> 0</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.220711" y="0"> 2</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr class="thead"> <td align="left"></td> <td align="center">米(SD)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">米(SD)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">米(SD)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">米(SD)</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="5"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">保留从先前的测试(%)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center">53</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">48</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">71年</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">年龄</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">73.8 (9.1)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">75.5 (8.7)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">75.29 (8.01)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">76.4 (7.2)</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">教育</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">13.7 (3.0)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">13.9 (2.8)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">14.2 (2.70)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">14.1 (2.7)</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">性别,女(<年代vg height="7.1374998" id="M15" style="vertical-align:-0.10033pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 7.8874998 7.1374998" width="7.8874998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.1375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-66.29)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>(%))</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">278 (49)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">148 (49)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">74 (52)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">50 (49)</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">推理</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">22.1 (11.7)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">23.7 (11.5)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">25.2 (11.63)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">25.0 (11.1)</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">流利</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">32.3 (11.7)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">33.5 (11.1)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">33.3 (13.29)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">34.3 (11.7)</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">内存</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">11.4 (4.0)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">11.5 (4.2)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">11.6 (4.52)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">11.1 (4.7)</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">语义知识</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">38.4 (10.2)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">39.3 (9.8)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">40.8 (8.95)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">39.4 (9.9)</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">社会活动</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">3.3 (1.5)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">3.5 (1.6)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">3.5 (1.4)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">3.5 (1.5)</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">社会活动的变化</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">- - - - - -</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.0 (1.4)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.1 (1.5)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">−0.0 (1.4)</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr class="table-tr"> <td colspan="5"> <hr class="tbody-hr"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> <tr class="table-fn"> <td>M:意思是,SD:标准差。每个测量的范围上限如下定义:教育= 0-20推理= 0 30,内存= 0-20,语义知识= 0-36 =鹿和社会活动。<bgydF4y2Bar></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">表2</年代pan> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jar/2012/287438/tab2/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> LBLS参与者的特征。</gydF4y2Badiv> </div> </div> <h6 id="sec2.2.1">2.2.1。LBLS措施和程序</gydF4y2Bah6> <p><span class="statement" id="head3"><span class="statement-title"><i class="statement-title">LBLS认知措施</我></年代pan><br><i>推理</我>评估使用的总分Schaie-Thurstone成人智力测试(STAMAT;Schaie, (<一个href="#B31">31日</一个>])字母和数字系列测试。字母系列,参与者观看一系列的字母(例如,a b c c d e f f),要求发现的规则管理系列通过识别字母,应该下一个系列的。参与者完成尽可能多的30项在六分钟。系列是一个并行测试的信但是字母替换为个月(例如,1)和一周内的(例如,周一)。<我>内存</我>立即书面召回涉及20个具体研究高频名词列表3.5分钟。<我>流利</我>被一个词评估流畅性任务,参与者被要求在五分钟内写下尽可能多的单词开头字母“s。“参与者被指示,他们不能使用专有名词或创造的词汇通过改变结局的其他上市的(例如,如果这封信是“w”和你已经说“,”你也不应该说“希望”,“希望”,或“想要”)。<我>语义知识</我>由STAMAT识别词汇测试。参与者给出一个单词,并被要求圆这个词的同义词四种可能的选择。测试包括50项在5分钟内完成。</年代pan></p> <p><span class="statement" id="head4"><span class="statement-title"><i class="statement-title">LBLS社交活动措施</我></年代pan><br>衡量社会活动是源于生活的复杂性,修改版本最初开发的西雅图纵向研究(<一个href="#B32">32</一个>]。参与者被要求记录的数量平均每周“小时”他们做各种活动(例如,“方”)。LBLS版本的规模包括34个特定活动,7被认为是社会的。在当前的研究中,这些活动措施被一分为二为了区分那些报告任何活动(编码为0)从那些报告的一个或多个小时每周的活动(编码为1)。这样做是由于内部和之间的成绩差异很大的范围的措施,和因为一些分数高度偏差(倾斜)预期值(例如,报告每周超过100小时的阅读)。<bgydF4y2Bar>社会活动的变量是由从人生选择问题的复杂性,适合社交活动构造。即总分是由总结社会活动项目的数量被认可为一个或多个小时每周的活动。措施包括七个问题包括:电话对话,志愿活动,去聚会,跳舞,打牌,访问别人,和参加教堂。可能得分的范围是0到7。社会活动改变变量被减去社会活动测量计算1994年从1994年的社会活动,1997年,2000年和2003年。这导致一个引用基线差异分数测试是在1994年。</年代pan></p> <h5 id="sec2.3">2.3。美国西雅图纵向研究参与者(WA)</gydF4y2Bah5> <p>SLS是一个非常长期纵向研究由Schaie发起的,第一次招募当地卫生维护组织的成员在1956年(<一个href="#B33">33</一个>]。当前分析四波SLS使用数据从1984年到2005年,其中包括一组扩展的措施,也与LBLS重叠。只有55岁及以上的参与者在基线被包括在分析中。基线定义为每个参与者的研究首次访问,和时间测量在所有分析年研究(编码为0、7、14、21)。消耗在这7年的时间间隔大约是50%,或7%每年。痴呆患病率和发病率都不知道。见表<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jar/2012/287438/tab3/" target="_blank">3</一个>对SLS参与者特征的四波数据分析。</gydF4y2Bap> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="tab3"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-tab3"> <table class="table-group" id="tab3"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <table class="table"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="5"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr class="thead"> <td align="left"></td> <td align="center" colspan="4">一年的测试</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr class="thead"> <td align="left">测量</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">基线(<年代vg height="11.1" id="M16" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 58.537498 11.1" width="58.537498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.1)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.12)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.6773224" y="0"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.71771" y="0"> 1</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.969212" y="0"> 6</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.220711" y="0"> 5</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.47221" y="0"> 7</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">年7 (<年代vg height="11.0375" id="M17" style="vertical-align:-0.27588pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 50.724998 11.0375" width="50.724998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.17)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.6773224" y="0"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.71771" y="0"> 9</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.969212" y="0"> 4</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.220711" y="0"> 0</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">14 (<年代vg height="11.0375" id="M18" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 50.724998 11.0375" width="50.724998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.17)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.4)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.6773224" y="0"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.71771" y="0"> 4</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.969212" y="0"> 4</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.220711" y="0"> 6</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">年21岁(<年代vg height="10.9125" id="M19" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 50.724998 10.9125" width="50.724998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.6773224" y="0"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.71771" y="0"> 1</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.969212" y="0"> 8</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.220711" y="0"> 1</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr class="thead"> <td align="left"></td> <td align="center">米(SD)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">米(SD)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">米(SD)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">米(SD)</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="5"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">保留从先前的测试(%)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center">57</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">47</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">41</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">年龄</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">67.1 (8.2)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">73.0 (7.23)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">78.0 (6.4)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">81.9 (4.9)</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">教育</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">14.6 (2.9)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">14.7 (2.8)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">14.8 (2.7)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">14.8 (2.8)</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">性别,女(<年代vg height="7.1374998" id="M20" style="vertical-align:-0.10033pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 7.8874998 7.1374998" width="7.8874998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.1375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-66.29)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>(%))</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">861 (52)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">507 (54)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">256 (57)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">108 (60)</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">推理</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">15.6 (5.8)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">15.2 (5.6)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">14.3 (5.5)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">14.0 (5.25)</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">流利</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">38.5 (12.8)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">37.5 (13.1)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">36.7 (12.7)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">38.8 (14.5)</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">内存</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">12.5 (4.0)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">12.0 (4.1)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">11.5 (4.1)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">11.6 (4.0)</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">语义知识</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">25.0 (6.7)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">25.3 (6.6)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">25.8 (6.2)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">25.9 (5.9)</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">社会活动</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">3.5 (1.6)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">3.5 (1.6)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">3.5 (1.6)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">3.3 (1.6)</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">社会活动的变化</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">- - - - - -</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">−0.1 (1.5)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">−0.2 (1.6)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">−0.4 (1.7)</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr class="table-tr"> <td colspan="5"> <hr class="tbody-hr"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> <tr class="table-fn"> <td>M:意思是,SD:标准差。每个测量的范围上限如下定义:教育= 0-20,推理= 0 30,记忆<年代vg height="10.9125" id="M21" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 38.612499 10.9125" width="38.612499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 0</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.216391" y="0"> - - - - - -</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.291889" y="0"> 2</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.543388" y="0"> 0</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>、语义知识= 0-36和社会活动=鹿。<bgydF4y2Bar></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">表3</年代pan> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jar/2012/287438/tab3/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> SLS参与者的特征。</gydF4y2Badiv> </div> </div> <h6 id="sec2.3.1">2.3.1。SLS措施和程序</gydF4y2Bah6> <p><span class="statement" id="head5"><span class="statement-title"><i class="statement-title">SLS认知措施</我></年代pan><br>为了模型大致相当的认知结果的四个研究包括在这种协调一致的努力,我们的分析包括措施的推理,流利,记忆,从一个更大的电池和语义知识的测试。<我>推理</我>评估的系列测试这个词Schaie-Thurstone成人智力测试(STAMAT [<一个href="#B31">31日</一个>]),参与者被要求确定一个规则管理一系列的单词(个月一周或几天)通过识别词接下来应该是在一个给定的系列。参与者提供了一系列印刷文字和指示选择下一个单词在多项选择题系列格式。测试包括30项,总分是基于数量的正确反应在6分钟完成。在LBLS,<我>流利</我>与文字流畅性测试评估从主心智能力测试(<一个href="#B34">34</一个>]。<我>内存</我>评估任务的参与者被要求研究20印字3.5分钟的列表并提供立即书面召回产品。<我>语义知识</我>评估与教育考试服务中心(ETS)测试先进的词汇,在参与者被要求识别同义词印刷文字从5选择(<一个href="#B35">35</一个>]。总分是基于数量的正确识别同义词的36个测试项目在4分钟内完成。</年代pan></p> <p><span class="statement" id="head6"><span class="statement-title"><i class="statement-title">SLS社交活动措施</我></年代pan><br>我们跟着LBLS方法部分中描述的方法本文为了生成一个大致相当的社会活动指数(见LBLS部分详细描述)。这种方法后,我们创建了一个复合活动衡量一个修改版的加法一分为二的反应生活的复杂性(规模<一个href="#B32">32</一个>复合()创建一个七项社会活动志愿服务、扑克牌、电话交谈、参观,参加教会,跳舞,和聚会)。<我>社会活动的变化</我>被减去基线计算活动从每个后续活动的措施。</年代pan></p> <h5 id="sec2.4">2.4。维多利亚纵向研究参与者(公元前维多利亚,加拿大)</gydF4y2Bah5> <p>维多利亚纵向研究开始于1986年- 1987年的样本484社区居住志愿者和为期三年的测试间隔。使用纵向顺序设计,第二个和第三个独立样本始于1992 - 1993 (<年代vg height="11.1" id="M22" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:50.724998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 50.724998 11.1" width="50.724998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.1)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.12)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.6773224" y="0"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.71771" y="0"> 5</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.969212" y="0"> 3</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.220711" y="0"> 0</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)和2001 - 2002 (<年代vg height="11.1" id="M23" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:50.724998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 50.724998 11.1" width="50.724998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.1)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.12)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.6773224" y="0"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.71771" y="0"> 5</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.969212" y="0"> 5</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.220711" y="0"> 0</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)[<一个href="#B36">36</一个>]。每个样品测试每三年进行一次。到目前为止,示例1已经测试了七次(超过18年),样品2 5(超过12年),和样品3两次(6年)。在所有三个样本招募参与者年龄在55岁至85岁之间。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>七波数据样本1和5的样品2包含在当前的调查。子样品的特性分析提供了在桌子上<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jar/2012/287438/tab4/" target="_blank">4</一个>。大约25%的样本在每一波跟踪丢失,或每年8%。痴呆患病率和发病率都不知道。进一步细节VLS设计措施,参与者可以找到其他地方(<一个href="#B36">36</一个>]。</gydF4y2Bap> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="tab4"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-tab4"> <table class="table-group" id="tab4"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <table class="table"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="8"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr class="thead"> <td align="left"></td> <td align="center" colspan="7">一年的测试</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr class="thead"> <td align="left">测量</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">基线<bgydF4y2Bar>(<年代vg height="11.0375" id="M24" style="vertical-align:-0.27588pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 50.724998 11.0375" width="50.724998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.17)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.6773224" y="0"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.71771" y="0"> 9</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.969212" y="0"> 7</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.220711" y="0"> 7</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">三年级<bgydF4y2Bar>(<年代vg height="10.9125" id="M25" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 50.724998 10.9125" width="50.724998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.6773224" y="0"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.71771" y="0"> 7</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.969212" y="0"> 2</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.220711" y="0"> 3</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">年6<bgydF4y2Bar>(<年代vg height="11.1" id="M26" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 50.724998 11.1" width="50.724998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.1)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.12)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.6773224" y="0"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.71771" y="0"> 5</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.969212" y="0"> 7</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.220711" y="0"> 1</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">年9<bgydF4y2Bar>(<年代vg height="10.8125" id="M27" style="vertical-align:-0.10033pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 50.724998 10.8125" width="50.724998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.8125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.35)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.6773224" y="0"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.71771" y="0"> 4</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.969212" y="0"> 1</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.220711" y="0"> 1</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">一年12<bgydF4y2Bar>(<年代vg height="11.1" id="M28" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 50.724998 11.1" width="50.724998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.1)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.12)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.6773224" y="0"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.71771" y="0"> 2</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.969212" y="0"> 7</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.220711" y="0"> 5</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">年15<bgydF4y2Bar>(<年代vg height="11.0375" id="M29" style="vertical-align:-0.27588pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 42.912498 11.0375" width="42.912498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.17)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.6773224" y="0"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.71771" y="0"> 9</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.969212" y="0"> 1</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">今年18岁<bgydF4y2Bar>(<年代vg height="11.1" id="M30" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 42.912498 11.1" width="42.912498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.1)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.12)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.6773224" y="0"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.71771" y="0"> 5</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.969212" y="0"> 2</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr class="thead"> <td align="left"></td> <td align="center">米(SD)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">米(SD)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">米(SD)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">米(SD)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">米(SD)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">米(SD)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">米(SD)</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="8"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">保留从先前的测试(%)<年代up>一个</年代up></td> <td align="center">- - - - - -</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">74年</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">79年</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">72年</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">67年</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">79年</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">57</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">年龄</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">68.6 (6.7)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">71.3 (6.6)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">73.7 (6.4)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">76.5 (5.9)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">79.3 (5.2)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">82.2 (4.6)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">85.1 (3.6)</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">在基准年的教育</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">14.9 (3.3)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">15.4 (3.2)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">15.6 (3.1)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">15.9 (3.1)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">15.8 (3.1)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">15.2 (3.1)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">14.8 (2.8)</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">性别,女(<年代vg height="7.1374998" id="M31" style="vertical-align:-0.10033pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 7.8874998 7.1374998" width="7.8874998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.1375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-66.29)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>(%))</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">614 (62.8)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">450 (62.2)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">346 (60.6)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">251 (61.1)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">170 (61.8)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">60 (65.9)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">35 (67.3)</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">推理<年代up>b</年代up></td> <td align="center">11.2 (4.7)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">11.7 (4.2)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">10.3 (4.7)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">10.3 (4.6)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">9.9 (4.6)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">7.5 (4.7)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">6.5 (4.2)</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">流利</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">17.7 (4.3)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">17.9 (4.4)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">17.7 (4.5)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">17.2 (4.8)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">16.3 (4.9)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">14.7 (5.8)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">13.8 (5.4)</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">内存<年代up>c</年代up></td> <td align="center">13.7 (5.9)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">14.7 (6.0)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">14.7 (6.1)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">14.9 (6.4)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">11.7 (5.4)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">13.0 (6.3)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">- - - - - -</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">语义知识</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">43.7 (7.4)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">44.7 (6.2)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">44.3 (6.0)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">44.2 (5.8)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">43.5 (5.7)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">42.7 (7.1)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">42.6 (6.6)</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">社会活动</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">23.0 (6.9)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">23.2 (7.2)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">22.8 (7.3)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">22.5 (7.2)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">21.2 (7.1)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">22.8 (7.7)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">21.1 (7.2)</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">社会活动的变化</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">- - - - - -</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">−0.1 (5.4)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">−0.3 (6.0)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">−0.9 (6.4)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">−2.5 (6.9)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">−3.5 (7.5)</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">−5.3 (8.1)</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr class="table-tr"> <td colspan="8"> <hr class="tbody-hr"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> <tr class="table-fn"> <td>M:意思是,SD:标准差。每个测量的范围上限如下定义:推理= 0-20内存= 0−30和语义知识0−54。<bgydF4y2Bar><sup>一个</年代up>1986群长达18年,1993组12个。<bgydF4y2Bar><sup>b</年代up>推理措施直到今年才给6 1986组。<bgydF4y2Bar><sup>c</年代up>记忆测量不是18年。<bgydF4y2Bar></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">表4</年代pan> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jar/2012/287438/tab4/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> VLS参与者的特征。</gydF4y2Badiv> </div> </div> <h6 id="sec2.4.1">2.4.1。VLS材料和过程</gydF4y2Bah6> <p><span class="statement" id="head7"><span class="statement-title"><i class="statement-title">VLS认知能力的措施</我></年代pan><br><i>流利</我>测量的性能在一个相似的任务<一个href="#B35">35</一个>]。在这个定时任务,参与者与目标词汇和要求写尽可能多的单词具有相同或几乎相同的含义在六分钟。<我>内存</我>索引使用30项,名词学习任务由五个语义类别列表。参与者学习单词列表两分钟之后五分钟自由回忆任务(<一个href="#B37">37</一个>]。<我>推理</我>是由字母索引系列(<一个href="#B35">35</一个>),参与者有一系列的信件和要求确定序列中的下一个字母,与序列规则是相一致的。参加者有6分钟来完成这个任务<我>。语义知识</我>是由54-item识别词汇测试。这个任务是改编自的ETS装备因素引用测试(<一个href="#B35">35</一个>]。</年代pan></p> <p><span class="statement" id="head8"><span class="statement-title"><i class="statement-title">VLS社交活动/生活方式的措施</我></年代pan><br>中使用的社交活动/生活方式测量提出了调查包括条目的一个子集VLS活动生活方式的问卷调查。综述了个别项目分布和少量的分布式项目被淘汰。七项被选中是因为他们的社会性质(在餐馆吃,拜访朋友或亲戚,给宴会,出席教堂,服务组织的会议,会议的俱乐部,和做志愿者的工作)。对于每个项目,参与者表示参与这个活动的频率在过去的两年里在一个范围从0到9(例如,<我>每年不少于一次,大约一年一次,每年2到3次,每月一次,每月2 - 3次,一周一次,一个星期2到3次,每天</我>)。</年代pan></p> <h5 id="sec2.5">2.5。一般分析方法</gydF4y2Bah5> <p>当前分析作为更大努力的一部分进行检查的影响生活方式活动认知功能使用相同的分析方法在研究老龄化纵向研究的综合分析(IALSA)网络(<一个href="#B22">22</一个>]。因此,最终的模型中选择部分维持一致性的生活方式活动。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>为了提高易用性的解释我们的结果,年龄,教育,和社会活动措施意味着每个研究中心。对基线年龄,教育和社会活动是减去基线值为每个单独的。这集中,反是拦截和线性斜率条件将被视为个体的期望值与均值的平均年龄和教育水平的研究。性的参考类别是男性。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>为了研究社会认知活动的影响,一系列的多级模型是符合社会活动作为基线和时变协变量(<一个href="#B38">38</一个>以来,随着时间的推移指定为基线,利用多级mixed-effects回归StataCorp [<一个href="#B39">39</一个>),限制极大似然估计量(REML),和一个非结构化的协方差矩阵。在OCTO-Twin研究中,参与者被嵌套在他们的一对双胞胎。VLS,我们控制了招生组。模型假设验证通过检查剩余工资。单独的模型适合四种认知措施(推理、流畅、内存和语义知识)导致四个模型为每一个研究报道。而“familywise”α率在每个单独的研究可能有点自由,给我们使用<年代vg height="11.25" id="M32" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt;width:48.337502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 48.337502 11.25" width="48.337502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.25)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.890113" y="0"> <</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.930502" y="0"> 。</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.056252" y="0"> 0</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.307751" y="0"> 5</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>意义的标准,我们专注于重复的发现研究实施严格限制任何依赖机会发现。正式的整合方法,需要相同的措施和更多的研究中,并没有使用。相反,我们依靠结论来源于每个研究的比较。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>最初19-term模型包括以下方面:(1)基线年龄,(2)性,(3)教育、社会活动(4)基线,基线(5)社会活动×年龄、社会活动(6)基线×性、社会活动(7)基线×教育,(8)单独定义的基线以来,(9)时间×基线年龄、时间(10)×性,(11)时间×教育(12)×基线社会活动,社会活动(13)时间×基线×基线年龄,(14)时间基线社会活动××性,(15)时间××基线社会活动教育、社会活动(16)变化从基线(活动变化),(17)社交活动改变×基线年龄,(18)×社交活动变化性,(19)社交活动变化×教育。然而,几个方面没有显著的研究和结果,所以修剪促进模型解释。这个过程消除7的19项,首先三通交互被淘汰,然后改变社会的交互活动。最后,基线性互动社交活动的下降。这导致12-term最终模型,提出了表<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jar/2012/287438/tab5/" target="_blank">5</一个>不同的认知结构的推理、记忆、语义知识,和流畅性。</gydF4y2Bap> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="tab5"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-tab5"> <table class="table-group" id="tab5"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <table class="table"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="13"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr class="thead"> <td align="left"></td> <td align="center" colspan="3">OCTO-Twin</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center" colspan="3">LBLS</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center" colspan="3">SLS</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center" colspan="3">VLS</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr class="thead"> <td align="left"></td> <td align="center"><i>b</我></td> <td align="center">SE</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center"><span style="width: 11.75px;"> <svg height="10.325" id="M33" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.75 10.325" width="11.75" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></td> <td align="center"><i>b</我></td> <td align="center">SE</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center"><span style="width: 11.75px;"> <svg height="10.325" id="M34" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.75 10.325" width="11.75" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></td> <td align="center"><i>b</我></td> <td align="center">SE</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center"><span style="width: 11.75px;"> <svg height="10.325" id="M35" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.75 10.325" width="11.75" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></td> <td align="center"><i>b</我></td> <td align="center">SE</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center"><span style="width: 11.75px;"> <svg height="10.325" id="M36" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.75 10.325" width="11.75" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="13"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"></td> <td align="center" colspan="12">推理</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" colspan="13"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">拦截</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">10.89</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.55</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">< . 01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">21.43</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.53</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">< . 01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">14.65</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.17</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">< . 01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">9.52</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.59</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">< . 01</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">年龄</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">−0.33</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.12</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">. 01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">−0.62</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.04</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">< . 01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">−0.35</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">< . 01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">−0.26</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.02</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">< . 01</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">女</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.68</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.67</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">。31</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">1.86</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.77</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">02</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">1.57</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.24</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">< . 01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">−0.15</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.31</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">.62</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">教育</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.56</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.13</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">< . 01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">1.30</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.13</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">< . 01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.52</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.04</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">< . 01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.32</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.05</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">< . 01</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">社会活动</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">1.01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.28</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">< . 01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.08</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.25</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">.74点</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.11</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.08</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">.14点</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.05</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.02</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">03</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">年龄<年代vg height="8.7875004" id="M37" style="vertical-align:-0.3135pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 10.125 8.7875004" width="10.125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,8.7875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-64.97)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,65.34)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ×</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>社会活动</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">−0.02</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.11</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">点</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.08</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.03</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">< . 01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">酒精含量</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.00</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.00</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">.40</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">教育<年代vg height="8.7875004" id="M38" style="vertical-align:-0.3135pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 10.125 8.7875004" width="10.125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,8.7875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-64.97)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,65.34)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ×</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>社会活动</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.04</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.11</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">点</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">−0.04</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.08</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">正</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">−0.03</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.03</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">点</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">−0.01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">i =</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">坡</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">−0.44</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.08</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">< . 01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">−0.50</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.08</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">< . 01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">−0.25</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.02</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">< . 01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">−0.25</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.03</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">< . 01</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">年龄</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">−0.02</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.02</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">陈霞</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">−0.03</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">< . 01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">−0.01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.00</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">< . 01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">−0.01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.00</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">< . 01</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">女</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.08</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.09</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">点</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.08</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.11</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">的相关性</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.02</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">.51</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.03</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">.76</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">教育</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.02</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">56</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">−0.05</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.02</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">< . 01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">−0.01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.00</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">厚</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">−0.01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.00</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">。08</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">社会活动</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.06</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.05</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">。</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.04</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.04</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">.30</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.02</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">02</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.00</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.00</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">无误</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">社会活动的变化</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.65</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.15</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">< . 01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.04</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.17</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">点</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.13</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.06</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">.04点</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.03</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.00</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">02</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" colspan="13"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"></td> <td align="center" colspan="12">流利</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" colspan="13"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">拦截</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center">31.01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.61</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">< . 01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">36.11</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.44</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">< . 01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">11.5</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.56</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">< . 01</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">年龄</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center">−0.30</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.05</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">< . 01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">−0.34</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.04</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">< . 01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">−0.10</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.03</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">< . 01</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">女</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center">3.39</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.88</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">< . 01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">3.36</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.60</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">< . 01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.51</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.36</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">16</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">教育</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center">1.05</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.15</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">< . 01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">1.31</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.11</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">< . 01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.63</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.05</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">< . 01</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">社会活动</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center">0.99</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.29</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">< . 01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.24</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.19</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">.20</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.04</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.03</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">点</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">年龄<年代vg height="8.7875004" id="M39" style="vertical-align:-0.3135pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 10.125 8.7875004" width="10.125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,8.7875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-64.97)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,65.34)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ×</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>社会活动</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center">0.03</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.03</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">.40</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.00</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.02</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">.89</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">−0.01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">29</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">教育<年代vg height="8.7875004" id="M40" style="vertical-align:-0.3135pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 10.125 8.7875004" width="10.125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,8.7875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-64.97)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,65.34)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ×</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>社会活动</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center">−0.11</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.10</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">。</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.04</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.07</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">.59</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">−0.01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">07</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">坡</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center">−0.24</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.11</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">02</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">−0.43</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.04</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">< . 01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">−0.12</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.03</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">< . 01</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">年龄</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center">−0.03</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">< . 01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">−0.02</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.00</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">< . 01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">−0.01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">< . 01</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">女</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center">−0.20</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.15</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">只要</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.11</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.05</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">02</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.06</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.04</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">16</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">教育</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center">−0.01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.03</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">主板市场</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">−0.01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">酒精含量</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">−0.01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">.74点</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">社会活动</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center">0.07</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.05</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">酒精含量</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.02</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.02</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">点</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">点</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">社会活动的变化</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center">0.73</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.25</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">< . 01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.18</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.15</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">. 21</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.06</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.02</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">< . 01</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" colspan="13"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"></td> <td align="center" colspan="12">内存</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" colspan="13"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">拦截</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">8.70</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.32</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">< . 01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">10.80</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.20</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">< . 01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">11.56</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.13</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">< . 01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">17.28</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.41</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">< . 01</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">年龄</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">−0.20</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.06</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">< . 01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">−0.19</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.02</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">< . 01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">−0.18</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">< . 01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">−0.19</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.02</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">< . 01</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">女</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.99</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.39</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">. 01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">1.50</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.28</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">< . 01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">1.59</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.17</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">< . 01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">1.45</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.27</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">< . 01</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">教育</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.34</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.07</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">< . 01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.29</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.05</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">< . 01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.32</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.03</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">< . 01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.31</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.04</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">< . 01</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">社会活动</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.34</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.07</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">< . 01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.00</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.09</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">.98点</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.14</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.06</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">. 01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.06</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.02</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">< . 01</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">年龄<年代vg height="8.7875004" id="M41" style="vertical-align:-0.3135pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 10.125 8.7875004" width="10.125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,8.7875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-64.97)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,65.34)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ×</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>社会活动</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">−0.09</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.06</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">.10</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.0</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">收</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.00</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">.51</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">−0.01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">.95</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">教育<年代vg height="8.7875004" id="M42" style="vertical-align:-0.3135pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 10.125 8.7875004" width="10.125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,8.7875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-64.97)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,65.34)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ×</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>社会活动</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.06</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">点</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">−0.02</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.03</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">.57</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">−0.02</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.02</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">只要</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">−0.01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">.19</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">坡</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">−0.26</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.07</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">< . 01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">−0.18</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.05</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">< . 01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">−0.17</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">< . 01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">−0.27</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.03</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">< . 01</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">年龄</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.00</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.02</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">.97点</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.00</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">.46</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">−0.01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.00</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">< . 01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">−0.01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">< . 01</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">女</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.05</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.08</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">55</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">−0.03</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.07</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">.64点</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.02</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.02</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">酒精含量</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">−0.02</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.03</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">56</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">教育</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">−0.01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.02</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">收</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">.40</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.00</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.00</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">算下来</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">−0.01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">酒精含量</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">社会活动</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.07</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.04</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">07</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.03</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.02</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">酒精含量</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">.37点</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">二十五分</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">社会活动的变化</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.47</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.11</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">< . 01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.11</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.10</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">.30</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.12</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.06</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">03</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.06</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">< . 01</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" colspan="13"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"></td> <td align="center" colspan="12">语义知识</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" colspan="13"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">拦截</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">30.49</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.86</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">< . 01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">38.19</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.54</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">< . 01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">24.08</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.22</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">< . 01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">43.77</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.71</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">< . 01</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">年龄</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">−0.55</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.17</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">< . 01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">−0.28</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.04</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">< . 01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.02</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.02</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">.35点</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.08</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.03</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">02</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">女</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">−4.20</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">1.05</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">< . 01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">1.19</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.78</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">13。</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.70</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.30</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">02</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">−0.01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.46</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">获得</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">教育</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">1.43</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.19</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">< . 01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">1.03</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.14</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">< . 01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">1.12</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.05</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">< . 01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.77</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.07</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">< . 01</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">社会活动</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.87</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.40</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">03</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.10</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.25</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">2</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">−0.22</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.10</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">02</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.02</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.03</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">点</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">年龄<年代vg height="8.7875004" id="M43" style="vertical-align:-0.3135pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 10.125 8.7875004" width="10.125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,8.7875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-64.97)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,65.34)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ×</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>社会活动</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">−0.10</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.15</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">票价</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.08</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.03</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">< . 01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">−0.01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">收</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">.77点</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">教育<年代vg height="8.7875004" id="M44" style="vertical-align:-0.3135pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 10.125 8.7875004" width="10.125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,8.7875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-64.97)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,65.34)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ×</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>社会活动</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.03</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.17</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">点</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">−0.06</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.09</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">50</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">−0.05</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.03</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">酒精含量</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">收</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">坡</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">−0.85</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.11</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">< . 01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">−0.46</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.08</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">< . 01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">−0.12</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">< . 01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">−0.16</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.03</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">< . 01</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">年龄</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">−0.05</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.02</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">03</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">−0.04</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">< . 01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">−0.01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.00</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">< . 01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">−0.01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">< . 01</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">女</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.19</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.13</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">酒精含量</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.12</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.12</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">.30</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.06</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.02</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">< . 01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.03</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.04</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">点</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">教育</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.03</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.03</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">29</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">−0.02</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.02</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">收</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.00</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.00</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">尾数就</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">−0.01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">只要</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">社会活动</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.11</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.07</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">点</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.04</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">.95</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">. 01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">−0.01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">.40</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">社会活动的变化</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.86</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.19</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">< . 01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.17</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.17</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">.33</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.08</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.06</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">13。</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">−0.01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">0.01</tgydF4y2Bad> <td align="center">公布</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> <tr class="table-tr"> <td colspan="13"> <hr class="tbody-hr"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> <tr class="table-fn"> <td>值代表模型系数及其标准误。在所有的研究中,时间以年基线访问和活动改变输入时变协变量。所有其他变量仅代表基线测量,在彼此互动,或与时间。<bgydF4y2Bar></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">表5</年代pan> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jar/2012/287438/tab5/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> 混合模型四个纵向研究的结果。</gydF4y2Badiv> </div> </div> <h4 id="results">3所示。结果</gydF4y2Bah4> <p>重要的人之间的年龄差距是在第一次测量的所有记忆,推理和流畅性测试,老年人表现不如年轻的同行(所有好<年代vg height="11.0625" id="M45" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt;width:48.337502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 48.337502 11.0625" width="48.337502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.15)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.890113" y="0"> <</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.930502" y="0"> 。</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.056252" y="0"> 0</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.307751" y="0"> 1</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)。语义知识结果不太一致,SLS显示没有年龄差异,<我>b</gydF4y2Ba我>= 0.02,<gydF4y2Ba年代vg height="11.1" id="M46" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:48.337502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 48.337502 11.1" width="48.337502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.1)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.12)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.890113" y="0"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.930502" y="0"> 。</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.056252" y="0"> 3</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.307751" y="0"> 5</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,LBLS OCTO-Twin表明老年人得分更糟糕的是,<年代vg height="10.9125" id="M47" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:64.912498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 64.912498 10.9125" width="64.912498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.3397408" y="0"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.380131" y="0"> −</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.944685" y="0"> 0</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.196186" y="0"> 。</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.321934" y="0"> 2</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.573437" y="0"> 8</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,<年代vg height="11.0625" id="M48" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt;width:48.337502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 48.337502 11.0625" width="48.337502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.15)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.890113" y="0"> <</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.930502" y="0"> 。</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.056252" y="0"> 0</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.307751" y="0"> 1</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,<年代vg height="11.1" id="M49" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:64.912498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 64.912498 11.1" width="64.912498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.1)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.12)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.3397408" y="0"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.380131" y="0"> −</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.944685" y="0"> 0</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.196186" y="0"> 。</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.321934" y="0"> 5</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.573437" y="0"> 5</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,<年代vg height="11.0625" id="M50" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt;width:48.337502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 48.337502 11.0625" width="48.337502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.15)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.890113" y="0"> <</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.930502" y="0"> 。</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.056252" y="0"> 0</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.307751" y="0"> 1</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>分别和VLS发现老年人表现稍好,<年代vg height="10.9125" id="M51" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:54.212502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 54.212502 10.9125" width="54.212502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.3397408" y="0"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.380131" y="0"> 0</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.63163" y="0"> 。</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.75738" y="0"> 0</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.008881" y="0"> 8</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,<年代vg height="10.9125" id="M52" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:48.337502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 48.337502 10.9125" width="48.337502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.890113" y="0"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.930502" y="0"> 。</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.056252" y="0"> 0</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.307751" y="0"> 2</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>在基线,个人的受教育年限明显更高的认知能力在所有任务,所有研究(所有<年代vg height="11.0625" id="M53" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt;width:48.337502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 48.337502 11.0625" width="48.337502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.15)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.890113" y="0"> <</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.930502" y="0"> 。</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.056252" y="0"> 0</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.307751" y="0"> 1</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)。女性记忆得分较高的基线的平均年龄比相同年龄(所有男人在所有研究<年代vg height="11.0625" id="M54" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt;width:48.337502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 48.337502 11.0625" width="48.337502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.15)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.890113" y="0"> <</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.930502" y="0"> 。</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.056252" y="0"> 0</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.307751" y="0"> 1</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)。LBLS和SLS女性比男性得分高在所有措施(推理:<年代vg height="10.9125" id="M55" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:48.337502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 48.337502 10.9125" width="48.337502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.890113" y="0"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.930502" y="0"> 。</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.056252" y="0"> 0</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.307751" y="0"> 2</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<年代vg height="11.0625" id="M56" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt;width:48.337502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 48.337502 11.0625" width="48.337502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.15)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.890113" y="0"> <</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.930502" y="0"> 。</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.056252" y="0"> 0</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.307751" y="0"> 1</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>;流畅性:<年代vg height="11.0625" id="M57" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt;width:48.337502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 48.337502 11.0625" width="48.337502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.15)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.890113" y="0"> <</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.930502" y="0"> 。</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.056252" y="0"> 0</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.307751" y="0"> 1</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>),除了LBLS语义知识(<年代vg height="10.9125" id="M58" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:48.337502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 48.337502 10.9125" width="48.337502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.890113" y="0"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.930502" y="0"> 。</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.056252" y="0"> 1</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.307751" y="0"> 3</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,SLS<年代vg height="10.9125" id="M59" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:48.337502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 48.337502 10.9125" width="48.337502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.890113" y="0"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.930502" y="0"> 。</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.056252" y="0"> 0</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.307751" y="0"> 2</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)。OCTO-Twin女性得分显著降低信息,认为语义知识,在基线OCTO-Twin男性(<年代vg height="10.9125" id="M60" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:64.912498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 64.912498 10.9125" width="64.912498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.3397408" y="0"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.380131" y="0"> −</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.944685" y="0"> 4</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.196186" y="0"> 。</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.321934" y="0"> 2</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.573437" y="0"> 0</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,<年代vg height="11.0625" id="M61" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt;width:48.337502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 48.337502 11.0625" width="48.337502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.15)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.890113" y="0"> <</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.930502" y="0"> 。</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.056252" y="0"> 0</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.307751" y="0"> 1</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>内重要的人下降被认为随着时间的推移,在所有的认知能力和研究(研究<年代vg height="11.0625" id="M62" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt;width:56.762501px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 56.762501 11.0625" width="56.762501" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.15)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.2897291" y="0"> 年代</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.62923" y="0"> <</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.669619" y="0"> 。</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.795368" y="0"> 0</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.046867" y="0"> 1</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)。一个重要的<年代vg height="14.2" id="M63" style="vertical-align:-2.7337pt;width:64.487503px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 64.487503 14.2" width="64.487503" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.2)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.64)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.41)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> t</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="3.4758339" y="0"> 我</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.9516678" y="0"> 米</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.679003" y="0"> e</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.006001" y="0"> ∗</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.320736" y="0"> 一个</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.872066" y="0"> g</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.948524" y="0"> e</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>交互显示在每个样本中,那些年龄在基线显著下降的速度比年轻的参与者在所有VLS, SLS, LBLS措施除了LBLS直接内存。除了信息测试,证明微分OCTO-Twin老年人是未见下降,更窄的年龄范围。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>女性比男性表现出更少的下降在SLS数据,只有流利和语义知识的措施。证据微分下降相关教育被认为只有LBLS推理的措施。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>更高的社会活动水平基线,对个人的平均年龄和教育,与更高的分数在推理中VLS和OCTO-Twin研究,<年代vg height="11.1" id="M64" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:54.212502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 54.212502 11.1" width="54.212502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.1)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.12)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.3397408" y="0"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.380131" y="0"> 0</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.63163" y="0"> 。</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.75738" y="0"> 0</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.008881" y="0"> 5</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,<年代vg height="10.9125" id="M65" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:48.337502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 48.337502 10.9125" width="48.337502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.890113" y="0"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.930502" y="0"> 。</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.056252" y="0"> 0</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.307751" y="0"> 3</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,<年代vg height="10.9125" id="M66" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:54.212502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 54.212502 10.9125" width="54.212502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.3397408" y="0"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.380131" y="0"> 1</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.63163" y="0"> 。</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.75738" y="0"> 0</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.008881" y="0"> 1</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,<年代vg height="11.0625" id="M67" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt;width:48.337502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 48.337502 11.0625" width="48.337502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.15)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.890113" y="0"> <</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.930502" y="0"> 。</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.056252" y="0"> 0</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.307751" y="0"> 1</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,分别。最一致的发现是,个人社会活动水平较高的基线记忆得分也更高。这是真正的SLS、VLS OCTO-Twin研究,<年代vg height="10.9125" id="M68" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:54.212502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 54.212502 10.9125" width="54.212502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.3397408" y="0"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.380131" y="0"> 0</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.63163" y="0"> 。</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.75738" y="0"> 1</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.008881" y="0"> 4</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,<年代vg height="10.9125" id="M69" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:48.337502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 48.337502 10.9125" width="48.337502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.890113" y="0"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.930502" y="0"> 。</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.056252" y="0"> 0</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.307751" y="0"> 1</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,<年代vg height="11.0375" id="M70" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:54.212502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 54.212502 11.0375" width="54.212502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.17)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.4)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.3397408" y="0"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.380131" y="0"> 0</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.63163" y="0"> 。</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.75738" y="0"> 0</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.008881" y="0"> 6</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,<年代vg height="11.0625" id="M71" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt;width:48.337502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 48.337502 11.0625" width="48.337502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.15)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.890113" y="0"> <</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.930502" y="0"> 。</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.056252" y="0"> 0</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.307751" y="0"> 1</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,<年代vg height="10.9125" id="M72" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:54.212502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 54.212502 10.9125" width="54.212502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.3397408" y="0"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.380131" y="0"> 0</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.63163" y="0"> 。</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.75738" y="0"> 3</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.008881" y="0"> 4</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,<年代vg height="11.0625" id="M73" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt;width:48.337502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 48.337502 11.0625" width="48.337502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.15)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.890113" y="0"> <</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.930502" y="0"> 。</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.056252" y="0"> 0</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.307751" y="0"> 1</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,分别。基线社交活动也积极与流利LBLS(虽然同样的措施并没有显著的SLS样本)。社交活动在基线和语义知识OCTO-Twin样本呈正相关(实施信息;<年代vg height="10.9125" id="M74" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:54.212502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 54.212502 10.9125" width="54.212502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.3397408" y="0"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.380131" y="0"> 0</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.63163" y="0"> 。</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.75738" y="0"> 8</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.008881" y="0"> 7</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,<年代vg height="10.9125" id="M75" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:48.337502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 48.337502 10.9125" width="48.337502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.890113" y="0"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.930502" y="0"> 。</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.056252" y="0"> 0</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.307751" y="0"> 3</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>SLS样本),但负相关(实施词汇;<年代vg height="10.9125" id="M76" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:64.912498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 64.912498 10.9125" width="64.912498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.3397408" y="0"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.380131" y="0"> −</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.944685" y="0"> 0</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.196186" y="0"> 。</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.321934" y="0"> 2</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.573437" y="0"> 2</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,<年代vg height="10.9125" id="M77" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:48.337502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 48.337502 10.9125" width="48.337502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.890113" y="0"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.930502" y="0"> 。</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.056252" y="0"> 0</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.307751" y="0"> 2</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)。OCTO-Twin样本是唯一一个在所有认知措施被认为是一个积极的社会活动与基线水平。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>基线<年代vg height="14.2" id="M78" style="vertical-align:-2.7337pt;width:79.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 79.9375 14.2" width="79.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.2)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.64)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.41)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 一个</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.8771296" y="0"> g</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.941085" y="0"> e</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.268084" y="0"> ∗</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.582817" y="0"> 年代</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.534485" y="0"> o</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.785988" y="0"> c</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="51.337318" y="0"> 我</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="54.813152" y="0"> 一个</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="60.364483" y="0"> l</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>活动交互条款LBLS推理的重要和积极的(<年代vg height="10.9125" id="M79" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:54.212502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 54.212502 10.9125" width="54.212502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.3397408" y="0"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.380131" y="0"> 0</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.63163" y="0"> 。</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.75738" y="0"> 0</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.008881" y="0"> 8</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,<年代vg height="11.0625" id="M80" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt;width:48.337502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 48.337502 11.0625" width="48.337502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.15)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.890113" y="0"> <</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.930502" y="0"> 。</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.056252" y="0"> 0</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.307751" y="0"> 1</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)和语义知识(<年代vg height="10.9125" id="M81" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:54.212502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 54.212502 10.9125" width="54.212502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.3397408" y="0"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.380131" y="0"> 0</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.63163" y="0"> 。</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.75738" y="0"> 0</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.008881" y="0"> 8</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,<年代vg height="11.0625" id="M82" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt;width:48.337502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 48.337502 11.0625" width="48.337502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.15)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.890113" y="0"> <</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.930502" y="0"> 。</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.056252" y="0"> 0</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.307751" y="0"> 1</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>),表明社会活动的效应更强的老参与者比年轻的参与者。然而,年龄和社会活动之间的相互作用不显著的任何其他研究或认知措施(<年代vg height="11.25" id="M83" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt;width:55.212502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 55.212502 11.25" width="55.212502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.25)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.4267821" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.391434" y="0"> ></t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.431822" y="0"> 。</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.557571" y="0"> 0</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.809071" y="0"> 5</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)。教育和社会之间的交互活动基线内没有任何认知显著相关测量的样品。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>在人的年龄变化,社会活动在基线显著相关的语义知识的斜率等SLS参与者,更高的社会活动在基线与语义知识下降(<年代vg height="10.9125" id="M84" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:48.337502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 48.337502 10.9125" width="48.337502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.890113" y="0"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.930502" y="0"> 。</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.056252" y="0"> 0</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.307751" y="0"> 1</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)。没有其他重要社会活动在基线和变化率之间的关系对于任何认知(所有样品内测量<年代vg height="11.25" id="M85" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt;width:48.337502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 48.337502 11.25" width="48.337502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.25)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.890113" y="0"> ></t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.930502" y="0"> 。</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.056252" y="0"> 0</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.307751" y="0"> 5</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>在研究协会与社会活动的变化时变协变量的模型,发现了几个重要关系。报告增加社交活动与绩效呈正相关措施在所有研究除了SLS (LBLS流畅<年代vg height="11.0625" id="M86" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt;width:48.337502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 48.337502 11.0625" width="48.337502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.15)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.890113" y="0"> <</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.930502" y="0"> 。</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.056252" y="0"> 0</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.307751" y="0"> 1</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,VLS<年代vg height="11.0625" id="M87" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt;width:48.337502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 48.337502 11.0625" width="48.337502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.15)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.890113" y="0"> <</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.930502" y="0"> 。</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.056252" y="0"> 0</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.307751" y="0"> 1</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,SLS<年代vg height="10.8625" id="M88" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt;width:48.337502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 48.337502 10.8625" width="48.337502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.8625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.31)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.890113" y="0"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.930502" y="0"> 。</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.056252" y="0"> 2</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.307751" y="0"> 1</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>),这样的人增加了他们的社会活动的基线水平表现出更高的occasion-specific流畅性能相对于预期的线性轨迹。VLS SLS,一个重要的变化之间的关系还发现在社会活动和推理(VLS<年代vg height="10.9125" id="M89" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:48.337502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 48.337502 10.9125" width="48.337502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.890113" y="0"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.930502" y="0"> 。</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.056252" y="0"> 0</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.307751" y="0"> 2</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,SLS<年代vg height="10.9125" id="M90" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:48.337502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 48.337502 10.9125" width="48.337502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.890113" y="0"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.930502" y="0"> 。</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.056252" y="0"> 0</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.307751" y="0"> 4</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>(VLS)和内存<年代vg height="11.0625" id="M91" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt;width:48.337502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 48.337502 11.0625" width="48.337502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.15)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.890113" y="0"> <</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.930502" y="0"> 。</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.056252" y="0"> 0</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.307751" y="0"> 1</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,SLS<年代vg height="10.9125" id="M92" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:48.337502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 48.337502 10.9125" width="48.337502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.890113" y="0"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.930502" y="0"> 。</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.056252" y="0"> 0</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.307751" y="0"> 3</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)测量,表明参与者增加社交活动水平的得分也相对较高的预期轨迹推理或内存。社会活动的变化是所有认知措施OCTO-Twin研究(所有<年代vg height="11.25" id="M93" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt;width:48.337502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 48.337502 11.25" width="48.337502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.25)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.890113" y="0"> <</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.930502" y="0"> 。</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.056252" y="0"> 0</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.307751" y="0"> 5</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>),这样OCTO-Twin参与者增加了社交活动从occasion-specific认知得分较高的基线水平相对于自己的线性轨迹在所有领域测试。</gydF4y2Bap> <h4 id="discussion">4所示。讨论</gydF4y2Bah4> <p>比较结果相同的统计模型在四个纵向研究衰老的,我们观察到一致的社会活动和认知功能之间的联系相对较少。看在四人社会活动的变化和认知措施,最一致的发现是一个与流利的两三个研究测量它,调整后的时间和共线性的影响。社会活动的变化与内存性能只有一半的四个研究(SLS和VLS)。只在一项研究中,OCTO-Twin,社会活动的变化是显著相关的性能在所有三个认知领域的考虑(流利测量不可用)。OCTO-Twin样本是最古老和最窄的年龄范围。OCTO-Twin研究定义为社会活动的人数与参与者接触,而其他研究包括一系列的活动与社会组件。考虑到在人减少性能被认为在所有认知措施在所有的研究中,通常表示减毒的积极关系下降,而不是改善认知能力。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>使用在人的社会活动的变化的时变预测认知功能有点独特。然而,在另一个研究社会活动变化的时序关系和认知功能,小和他的同事们(<一个href="#B20">20.</一个>发现重大社会活动变化的耦合和三个认知领域:语义决定速度(类似于我们的流畅性测量),情节记忆和语义记忆。然而,他们发现更大的认知措施支持模型,预测社会活动的变化水平,比相反。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>几乎没有证据表明,初始水平的相关社会活动在人的认知功能下降。虽然高初始水平的社会活动与SLS语义知识测量下降的少,这不是明显在任何其他样本。SLS最宽的时间间隔测量,所以相应的波之间的更大的磨损(虽然类似的年度利率),但这并不表明一个明显的差异的原因。其他研究的结果符合McGue和克里斯坦森<一个href="#B19">19</一个>),他们发现,社交活动在第一个评估有关初始水平的认知功能但不认知功能的变化。然而,其他组织发现,社会活动水平与基线认知功能和降低,下降的速度随时间(<一个href="#B10">10</一个>]。与我们的研究结果相反,但同样检查特定的认知领域,Ertel et al。<一个href="#B18">18</一个>)发现社会融合相关的速度较慢,记忆力下降。我们不包括复合测量的一般认知功能,但我们的研究结果,和其他人的结果研究了具体的认知方面,建议单独检查认知领域是很重要的。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>几个人之间的差异被发现。具体来说,个人水平更高的初始的社会活动表现更好的内存措施在三四个样品。有趣的是,样品没有显示效果是LBLS,使用相同的测量SLS研究。这表明不同的内存措施的差异不是一个函数被使用,或者社会活动为特征。也许相关样本的差异,虽然两人都是相似的平均年的教育和来自美国,虽然来自不同的地区。可能是一个衡量标准是社会活动不同的社区。和可访问性的活动,这可能会影响认知功能的协会。然而,这些差异可能不会是特定于内存性能。LBLS参与者的平均年龄是六岁,第一波LBLS评估包括在本研究进行了SLS的比第一个十年后评估。年龄差距不是一个明显的解释,因为LBLS参与者的平均年龄只有稍微比SLS和VLS参与者和参与者比OCTO-Twin年轻近十年。 The LBLS is the only study for which the majority of participants are not female, though this difference is slim (49% female in the LBLS versus 52% in SLS at baseline). It is possible another factor, such as attrition, is playing a role. The LBLS does have the highest yearly rate of attrition (17% versus 10%, 7%, and 8%), although the loss at each measurement wave is similar to that of SLS. It is unclear how this would affect the association between baseline social activity and memory performance; however, particularly considering that the mean social activity and memory measure scores for the LBLS and SLS were similar. It would be interesting in future work to consider general health and its age gradient in each of the studies. The lack of obvious reasons for discrepant findings, however, supports the importance of considering the reproducibility of results in coordinated, rather than pooled, analyses.</p> <p>社会融合已经给出了影响一般健康通过多种途径可能重叠与影响认知(<一个href="#B40">40</一个>]。很不幸的是,我们的研究结果并不强烈建议增加参与社会活动带来直接利益的认知功能。他们认为,社会参与也不降低风险的认知能力下降在任何领域除了流畅。认知储备假说表明,随着时间的推移,“储备”可以通过刺激活动,建立个人与高储备可以承受更多的生理恶化之前,认知能力下降是可以观察到的<一个href="#B6">6</一个>]。社会参与不降低认知能力下降的风险在一个广泛的措施表明,它不是授予“储备”。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>一个可能的机制,通过社交和认知功能可能是认知刺激相关的社会活动的性质(<一个href="#B20">20.</一个>]。认知训练文献发现,培训特定的任务(例如,记忆任务)不一定转移到其他认知域(<一个href="#B3">3</一个>]。社会活动的参与,可能同样如此,只是在认知领域的关系受到挑战的社会活动。社会互动做通常涉及言语交际,因此流利,可能专门语言流畅,可能是认知领域最接近我们的参与者的社会活动。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>差异在哪些活动被认为是社会可能导致缺乏一致的社会活动与认知功能之间的关系。例如,一些活动(例如,纸牌游戏)通常会比其他人更认知要求(例如,访问从家庭成员),或主要税收不同的认知技能,但这是在个人和情况可能有所不同。虽然合理,需要进一步研究来证实这些假设的有效性。在身体健康的情况下,其他<一个href="#B40">40</一个>)表明,不同的社会因素(如社会影响,社会参与和社会支持)可能主要通过不同的行为,心理和生理途径。同样,认知功能可能不同的影响取决于特定的社会因素和途径。通过这种方式,社会活动是如何概念化和测量可能与相关机械的途径,因此不同认知功能的各个领域。这些效应之间的差异可能是导致OCTO-Twin和其他三个研究在当前的分析,作为OCTO-Twin集中在与人接触的频率作为社会活动的措施,而其他三个包含各种各样的活动。然而,两者之间缺乏一致性的研究使用了同样的措施表明,概念化的社交活动并不完全解释这一发现。一个线索的来源不一致在LBLS和SLS LBLS可能是非常小的平均变化社会活动措施,尽管它的方差是SLS和OCTO-Twin可比。认知和社会活动之间的关系特别是在LBLS似乎也随年龄比其他研究。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>相当强度的分析模型的复制在四个纵向研究从地理上单独的区域。这限制了假的可能性结果承担不必要的重要性和提供了一个机会来检查一致性和样品组之间的不一致。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>的潜在方法的局限性,Hertzog et al。([<一个href="#B41">41</一个>为边坡协方差);(<一个href="#B42">42</一个>]为方差组件)表明,检测相关变化是极低的。然而,分析老龄化纵向研究,包括那些用于当前的纸,一直报道统计上显著的方差和协方差的认知结果的变化([<一个href="#B43">43</一个>- - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - -<gydF4y2Ba一个href="#B54">54</一个>摘要],[<一个href="#B55">55</一个>])。此外,Hertzog等人所使用的测试是基于方差意义测试组件而变化是评价我们的论文通过检查固定效应通常会有更大的权力<一个href="#B56">56</一个>]。贷款支持论点,分析在当前纸充分动力是重要的发现相同的认知结果集之间的相互关系,这些相同的研究和物理和认知活动(<一个href="#B57">57</一个>,<gydF4y2Ba一个href="#B58">58</一个>]。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>另一个限制我们的分析是,尽管该研究样本局限于最初健康的老年人,没有努力排除个体患上痴呆的研究时期(痴呆诊断只能OCTO-Twin研究)。我们不能假设任何保护社会活动对认知功能的影响将会在健康老年人痴呆。包括个人的认知能力下降可能是由于痴呆过程可能影响社会活动与认知功能之间的关系随着时间的推移在nondementing个人,这也可能导致不一致的文学。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>最后,很难排除个人的可能性减少社交活动,因为他们的认知能力下降使它更难维持社会关系。确定关系的方向性的难度已经承认在文学和同样很难确定因果路径在当前分析(<一个href="#B4">4</一个>,<gydF4y2Ba一个href="#B5">5</一个>,<gydF4y2Ba一个href="#B10">10</一个>]。已经进行了一些尝试,以确定最可能的方向的关系,但证据是有限的(<一个href="#B20">20.</一个>]。的纵向特性研究认为,允许社会活动不同,已经缩小社会活动之间的时间距离和认知表现,至少部分要弄清楚的关系主要是基于历史活动水平还是两个跟踪。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>在四个研究在三个国家中,基线社会活动水平未能预测,下降的速度在大多数的认知能力,以及社会活动的变化不一致与认知功能在人的波动有关。我们的发现让小支持假设社会活动的变化对应于即时收益的认知功能,除了流畅。</gydF4y2Bap> <h4 id="acknowledgments">确认</gydF4y2Bah4> <p>这项研究是由纵向研究的综合分析老化(IALSA)研究网络(NIA AG026453, s·m·霍弗和a . m . Piccininπ)和<我>会议上先进的心理认知老化研究方法</我>(NIA R13AG030995, d . m . Mungasπ)。l·e·吉本斯博士是由国立卫生研究院的资助(AG05136,默里Raskind,π)。Drs。答:阿,s . d .逃避和m·b·米切尔支持NIA格兰特AG027171 (Alireza阿特的π)。LBLS由NIA拨款AG10569 AG00037(伊丽莎白·m .他π)。OCTO-Twin研究是由NIA AG08861 (Boo约翰逊,π)。SLS由国家儿童健康和人类发展研究所(HD00367, 1963 - 1965;HD04476, 1970 - 1973)和国家衰老研究所(AG00480, 1973 - 1979;AG03544, 1982 - 1986;AG04470, 1984 - 1989; AG08055, 1980–2006; AG027759, 2006–2008; currently AG024102, 2005–2015; Sherry L. Willis, PI). The VLS is currently funded by NIA Grant AG008235 (R. A. Dixon, PI). Finally, and most importantly, the authors express their deep gratitude for the commitment of the study participants across all four studies. The content of this study is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the views of the National Institutes of Health, the Department of Veterans Affairs, or the United States Government. The authors report no conflict of interests with the present study.</p> </div> <div class="xml-content"> <h4 class="references" id="references">引用</gydF4y2Bah4> <ol> <li id="B1">f . i m . Craik和t . a . Salthouse<我>老化和认知的手册</我>,心理出版社,纽约,纽约,美国,2007年。<年代pan class="reflinks"></span></li> <li id="B2">c·l·伯顿·e·施特劳斯,d . Bunce m·a·亨特和d . f . Hultsch”功能能力的老年人轻度认知障碍,”<我>老年医学</我>,55卷,不。5,570 - 581年,2009页。<年代pan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://doi.org/10.1159/000228918">出版商的网站</一个><年代pan class="sep">|</年代pan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Functional%20abilities%20in%20older%20adults%20with%20mild%20cognitive%20impairment&author=C. L. Burton&author=E. Strauss&author=D. Bunce&author=M. A. Hunter&author=&author=D. F. Hultsch&publication_year=2009" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></年代pan></li> <li id="B3">c . Hertzog a·f·克雷默r·s·威尔逊和Lindenberger,“浓缩对成人认知发展的影响:老年人被保留和增强的功能能力?”<我>心理科学的公共利益,补充</我>,9卷,不。1、1 - 65、2008页。<年代pan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6053.2009.01034.x">出版商的网站</一个><年代pan class="sep">|</年代pan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Enrichment%20effects%20on%20adult%20cognitive%20development:%20can%20the%20functional%20capacity%20of%20older%20adults%20be%20preserved%20and%20enhanced?&author=C. Hertzog&author=A. F. Kramer&author=R. S. Wilson&author=&author=U. Lindenberger&publication_year=2008" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></年代pan></li> <li id="B4">答:a . m . Bielak”,我们怎么能不“失去它“如果我们仍然不知道如何使用它?”回答的问题在老年年龄段活动参与对认知能力的影响本文”<我>老年医学</我>卷,56号5,507 - 519年,2010页。<年代pan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://doi.org/10.1159/000264918">出版商的网站</一个><年代pan class="sep">|</年代pan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=How%20can%20we%20not%20“lose%20it”%20%20if%20we%20still%20don't%20understand%20how%20to%20“use%20it”?%20unanswered%20questions%20about%20the%20influence%20of%20activity%20participation%20on%20cognitive%20performance%20in%20older%20age—a%20mini-review&author=A. A. M. Bielak&publication_year=2010" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></年代pan></li> <li id="B5">d . f . Hultsch c . Hertzog b . j .小r·a·迪克森,“要么使用它,要么失去它:忙碌的生活方式作为一个缓冲区认知衰退的老化?”<我>心理学和老化</我>,14卷,不。2、245 - 263年,1999页。<年代pan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.14.2.245">出版商的网站</一个><年代pan class="sep">|</年代pan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Use%20it%20or%20lose%20it:%20engaged%20lifestyle%20as%20a%20buffer%20of%20cognitive%20decline%20in%20aging?&author=D. F. Hultsch&author=C. Hertzog&author=B. J. Small&author=&author=R. A. Dixon&publication_year=1999" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></年代pan></li> <li id="B6">y严厉,“认知储备”,<我>这项研究</我>卷,47号10日,2015 - 2028年,2009页。<年代pan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.03.004">出版商的网站</一个><年代pan class="sep">|</年代pan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Cognitive%20reserve&author=Y. Stern&publication_year=2009" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></年代pan></li> <li id="B7">l . Fratiglioni s Paillard-Borg, b,宣传“积极和社会综合的生活方式生活可能防止痴呆,年末”<我>《柳叶刀神经病学</我>,3卷,不。6,343 - 353年,2004页。<年代pan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(04)00767-7">出版商的网站</一个><年代pan class="sep">|</年代pan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=An%20active%20and%20socially%20integrated%20lifestyle%20in%20late%20life%20might%20protect%20against%20dementia&author=L. Fratiglioni&author=S. Paillard-Borg&author=&author=B. Winblad&publication_year=2004" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></年代pan></li> <li id="B8">p . Ghisletta j . f . Bickel和m . Lovden”做活动参与预防老年认知能力下降?方法论和分析考虑,”<我>老年医学- - - - - -年代eries B的期刊</我>,卷61,不。5,P253-P261, 2006页。<年代pan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Does%20activity%20engagement%20protect%20against%20cognitive%20decline%20in%20old%20age?%20Methodological%20and%20analytical%20considerations&author=P. Ghisletta&author=J. F. Bickel&author=&author=M. Lövdén&publication_year=2006" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></年代pan></li> <li id="B9">d·a·班尼特,j·a·施耐德y . Tang s e·阿诺德·r·s·威尔逊,“社交网络的影响阿尔茨海默病病理之间的关系和老年人的认知功能水平:一个纵向队列研究,“<我>《柳叶刀神经病学</我>,5卷,不。5,406 - 412年,2006页。<年代pan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(06)70417-3">出版商的网站</一个><年代pan class="sep">|</年代pan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=The%20effect%20of%20social%20networks%20on%20the%20relation%20between%20Alzheimer's%20disease%20pathology%20and%20level%20of%20cognitive%20function%20in%20old%20people:%20a%20longitudinal%20cohort%20study&author=D. A. Bennett&author=J. A. Schneider&author=Y. Tang&author=S. E. Arnold&author=&author=R. S. Wilson&publication_year=2006" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></年代pan></li> <li id="B10">b d·詹姆斯·r·s·威尔逊·l·l·巴恩斯和d·a·班尼特,“晚年社交活动和认知下降的老年,“<我>国际神经心理学协会杂志》上</我>,17卷,不。6,998 - 1005年,2011页。<年代pan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://doi.org/10.1017/S1355617711000531">出版商的网站</一个><年代pan class="sep">|</年代pan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Late-life%20social%20activity%20and%20cognitive%20decline%20in%20old%20age&author=B. D. James&author=R. S. Wilson&author=L. L. Barnes&author=&author=D. A. Bennett&publication_year=2011" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></年代pan></li> <li id="B11">m . j . Aartsen c . h . m .史密特t . Van Tilburg k . c . p . m . Knipscheer和d . j . h . Deeg”活动:老年人认知功能的原因或结果?一个纵向研究日常活动和老年人的认知能力,”<我>老年医学- - - - - -年代eries B的期刊</我>卷,57号2,P153-P162, 2002页。<年代pan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Activity%20in%20older%20adults:%20cause%20or%20consequence%20of%20cognitive%20functioning?%20A%20longitudinal%20study%20on%20everyday%20activities%20and%20cognitive%20performance%20in%20older%20adults&author=M. J. Aartsen&author=C. H. M. Smits&author=T. Van Tilburg&author=K. C. P. M. Knipscheer&author=&author=D. J. H. Deeg&publication_year=2002" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></年代pan></li> <li id="B12">s Benloucif l . Orbeta r·奥尔蒂斯et al .,“早上或晚上活动改善神经心理性能和老年人主观睡眠质量,“<我>睡眠</我>,27卷,不。8,1542 - 1551年,2004页。<年代pan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Morning%20or%20evening%20activity%20improves%20neuropsychological%20performance%20and%20subjective%20sleep%20quality%20in%20older%20adults&author=S. Benloucif&author=L. Orbeta&author=R. Ortiz et al.&publication_year=2004" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></年代pan></li> <li id="B13">a . f .绿色、g . Rebok和c . g . Lyketsos”社交网络特点对认知和功能状态的影响与老化,“<我>国际老年精神病学杂志》上</我>,23卷,不。9日,第978 - 972页,2008年。<年代pan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.2023">出版商的网站</一个><年代pan class="sep">|</年代pan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Influence%20of%20social%20network%20characteristics%20on%20cognition%20and%20functional%20status%20with%20aging&author=A. F. Green&author=G. Rebok&author=&author=C. G. Lyketsos&publication_year=2008" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></年代pan></li> <li id="B14">h . Aguero-Torres e·冯·施特劳斯m . Viitanen b,宣传和l . Fratiglioni”制度化在老年人:慢性疾病和老年痴呆症的作用。横向和纵向的数据以人群为基础的研究中,“<我>临床流行病学杂志</我>,54卷,不。8,795 - 801年,2001页。<年代pan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0895-4356(00)00371-1">出版商的网站</一个><年代pan class="sep">|</年代pan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Institutionalization%20in%20the%20elderly:%20the%20role%20of%20chronic%20diseases%20and%20dementia.%20Cross-sectional%20and%20longitudinal%20data%20from%20a%20population-based%20study&author=H. Agüero-Torres&author=E. Von Strauss&author=M. Viitanen&author=B. Winblad&author=&author=L. Fratiglioni&publication_year=2001" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></年代pan></li> <li id="B15">m·k·安德鲁和k Rockwood“社会脆弱性预测认知能力下降的前瞻性群组年长的加拿大人,“<我>阿尔茨海默氏症和老年痴呆症</我>》第六卷,没有。4、319 - 325年,2010页。<年代pan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2009.11.001">出版商的网站</一个><年代pan class="sep">|</年代pan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Social%20vulnerability%20predicts%20cognitive%20decline%20in%20a%20prospective%20cohort%20of%20older%20Canadians&author=M. K. Andrew &author=K. Rockwood&publication_year=2010" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></年代pan></li> <li id="B16">s . s . Bassuk t . a .玻璃和l·f·伯克曼”社会脱离和事件认知能力下降在社区居住的老年人,“<我>内科医学年鉴</我>,卷131,不。3、165 - 173年,1999页。<年代pan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Social%20disengagement%20and%20incident%20cognitive%20decline%20in%20community-%20dwelling%20elderly%20persons&author=S. S. Bassuk&author=T. A. Glass&author=&author=L. F. Berkman&publication_year=1999" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></年代pan></li> <li id="B17">Kareholt, c . Lennartsson m .积累性,m·g·帕克“基线闲暇时间活动和认知二十多年后,“<我>国际老年精神病学杂志》上</我>,26卷,不。1,第74 - 65页,2011。<年代pan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.2490">出版商的网站</一个><年代pan class="sep">|</年代pan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Baseline%20leisure%20time%20activity%20and%20cognition%20more%20than%20two%20decades%20later&author=I. Kåreholt&author=C. Lennartsson&author=M. Gatz&author=&author=M. G. Parker&publication_year=2011" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></年代pan></li> <li id="B18">k . a . Ertel m . m .针对l·f·伯克曼,“社会融合对保护的影响记忆功能在全国代表性美国老年人口,”<我>美国公共卫生杂志》上</我>,卷98,不。7,1215 - 1220年,2008页。<年代pan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2007.113654">出版商的网站</一个><年代pan class="sep">|</年代pan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Effects%20of%20social%20integration%20on%20preserving%20memory%20function%20in%20a%20nationally%20representative%20US%20elderly%20population&author=K. A. Ertel&author=M. M. Glymour&author=&author=L. F. Berkman&publication_year=2008" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></年代pan></li> <li id="B19">m . McGue和k·克里斯坦森,”社会活动和健康老龄化:一项研究衰老的丹麦双胞胎,”<我>双胞胎研究和人类遗传学</我>,10卷,不。2、255 - 265年,2007页。<年代pan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://doi.org/10.1375/twin.10.2.255">出版商的网站</一个><年代pan class="sep">|</年代pan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Social%20activity%20and%20healthy%20aging:%20a%20study%20of%20aging%20Danish%20twins&author=M. McGue &author=K. Christensen&publication_year=2007" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></年代pan></li> <li id="B20">b . j .小j·j·麦卡德尔,r·a·迪克森和k·j·格林,”做改变生活方式参与温和的认知能力下降在正常老化?从维多利亚纵向研究的证据,”<我>神经心理学</我>,26卷,不。2、144 - 155年,2012页。<年代pan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://doi.org/10.1037/a0026579">出版商的网站</一个><年代pan class="sep">|</年代pan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Do%20changes%20in%20lifestyle%20engagement%20moderate%20cognitive%20decline%20in%20normal%20aging?%20Evidence%20from%20the%20Victoria%20Longitudinal%20Study&author=B. J. Small&author=J. J. McArdle&author=R. A. Dixon&author=&author=K. J. Grimm&publication_year=2012" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></年代pan></li> <li id="B21">b . a . Shaw n . Krause j .梁和j·班尼特,“跟踪变化在生命后期,社会关系”<我>老年医学- - - - - -年代eries B的期刊</我>,卷62,不。2,S90-S99, 2007页。<年代pan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Tracking%20changes%20in%20social%20relations%20throughout%20late%20life&author=B. A. Shaw&author=N. Krause&author=J. Liang&author=&author=J. Bennett&publication_year=2007" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></年代pan></li> <li id="B22">s·m·霍弗和a . m . Piccinin”,通过测量和分析的协调协议综合数据分析在独立的纵向研究,“<我>心理的方法</我>,14卷,不。2、150 - 164年,2009页。<年代pan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://doi.org/10.1037/a0015566">出版商的网站</一个><年代pan class="sep">|</年代pan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Integrative%20data%20analysis%20through%20coordination%20of%20measurement%20and%20analysis%20protocol%20across%20independent%20longitudinal%20studies&author=S. M. Hofer &author=A. M. Piccinin&publication_year=2009" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></年代pan></li> <li id="B23">j·l·角和s·m·霍弗,”大成人的能力和发展时期,”<我>智力发展</我>r·j·斯特恩伯格和c·a·伯格。,pp. 44–99, Cambridge University Press, New York, NY, USA, 1992.<年代pan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Major%20abilities%20and%20development%20in%20the%20adult%20period&author=J. L. Horn &author=S. M. Hofer&publication_year=1992" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></年代pan></li> <li id="B24">s . f . Simmons b·约翰逊s . h . Zarit b . Ljungquist r·普罗明和g . e . Mcclearn选择性偏差的样本老双胞胎吗?:一个比较的耄耋老人在瑞典双胞胎和单件,”<我>老龄化与健康杂志》上</我>,9卷,不。4、553 - 567年,1997页。<年代pan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://doi.org/10.1177/089826439700900407">出版商的网站</一个><年代pan class="sep">|</年代pan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Selection%20bias%20in%20samples%20of%20older%20twins?:%20a%20comparison%20between%20octogenarian%20twins%20and%20singletons%20in%20Sweden&author=S. F. Simmons&author=B. Johansson&author=S. H. Zarit&author=B. Ljungquist&author=R. Plomin&author=&author=G. E. Mcclearn&publication_year=1997" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></年代pan></li> <li id="B25">即Dureman h .大类,<我>为klinisk Psykometriska och experimentalpsykologiska metoder tillampning</我>维克塞尔Almqvist &,乌普萨拉,瑞典,1959。<年代pan class="reflinks"></span></li> <li id="B26">b·约翰逊、s . h . Zarit和s . Berg“认知功能变化的最古老的历史,”<我>老年学杂志</我>卷,47号2,P75-P80, 1992页。<年代pan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Changes%20in%20cognitive%20functioning%20of%20the%20oldest%20old&author=B. Johansson&author=S. H. Zarit&author=&author=S. Berg&publication_year=1992" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></年代pan></li> <li id="B27">d .韦氏<我>韦氏成人智力量表——手册</我>、心理公司,纽约,纽约,美国,1991年。<年代pan class="reflinks"></span></li> <li id="B28">c·o·琼森和l . Molander<我>手动直到CVB-Skalen (CVB尺度的手册)</我>1964年,Psykologi Forlaget,斯德哥尔摩,瑞典。<年代pan class="reflinks"></span></li> <li id="B29">e . m .他和k . p . Burnight Sixteen-year纵向和时间滞后老年人记忆和认知的变化,“<我>心理学和老化</我>,12卷,不。3、503 - 513年,1997页。<年代pan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.12.3.503">出版商的网站</一个><年代pan class="sep">|</年代pan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Sixteen-year%20longitudinal%20and%20time%20lag%20changes%20in%20memory%20and%20cognition%20in%20older%20adults&author=E. M. Zelinski &author=K. P. Burnight&publication_year=1997" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></年代pan></li> <li id="B30">e . m .他和k·l·刘易斯“成人年龄差距在多个认知功能:分化、去分化或与进程相关的变化?”<我>心理学和老化</我>,18卷,不。4、727 - 745年,2003页。<年代pan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.18.4.727">出版商的网站</一个><年代pan class="sep">|</年代pan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Adult%20age%20differences%20in%20multiple%20cognitive%20functions:%20differentiation,%20dedifferentiation%20or%20process-specific%20change?&author=E. M. Zelinski &author=K. L. Lewis&publication_year=2003" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></年代pan></li> <li id="B31">k . w . Schaie<我>年代chaie-Thurstone成人智力测试</我>、咨询心理学家出版社,帕洛阿尔托,加州,美国,1985年。<年代pan class="reflinks"></span></li> <li id="B32">k . w . Schaie<我>智力发展在成年后</我>英国剑桥,剑桥大学出版社,1996年。<年代pan class="reflinks"></span></li> <li id="B33">k . w . Schaie<我>对成人智力发育影响:西雅图纵向研究</我>,牛津大学出版社,纽约,纽约,美国,2005年。<年代pan class="reflinks"></span></li> <li id="B34">l . Thurstone和t . Thurstone,<我>考官手册SRA主要心理能力测试(10 - 14)</我>、科学研究协会、芝加哥、生病,美国,1949年。<年代pan class="reflinks"></span></li> <li id="B35">r·b·埃克斯特龙j . w .法语、h·h·哈曼和d·德曼<我>Factor-Referenced认知测试的工具</我>美国教育考试服务中心,普林斯顿,纽约,1976年。<年代pan class="reflinks"></span></li> <li id="B36">r·a·迪克森和c . m . de Frias”维多利亚纵向研究:从认知老化特征说明内存的变化补偿,”<我>衰老、神经心理学和认知</我>,11卷,不。2 - 3、346 - 376年,2004页。<年代pan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://doi.org/10.1080/13825580490511161">出版商的网站</一个><年代pan class="sep">|</年代pan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=The%20Victoria%20Longitudinal%20Study:%20from%20characterizing%20cognitive%20aging%20to%20illustrating%20changes%20in%20memory%20compensation&author=R. A. Dixon &author=C. M. de Frias&publication_year=2004" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></年代pan></li> <li id="B37">d . f . Hultsch c Hertzog, r·a·迪克森”能力相关的内存性能在成年和老化,“<我>心理学和老化</我>,5卷,不。3、356 - 368年,1990页。<年代pan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://doi.org/10.1037//0882-7974.5.3.356">出版商的网站</一个><年代pan class="sep">|</年代pan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Ability%20correlates%20of%20memory%20performance%20in%20adulthood%20and%20aging&author=D. F. Hultsch&author=C. Hertzog&author=&author=R. A. Dixon&publication_year=1990" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></年代pan></li> <li id="B38">d . Hedeker r·d·吉本斯,“应用随机pattern-mixture模型缺失的数据在纵向研究中,“<我>心理的方法</我>,卷2,不。1,第78 - 64页,1997。<年代pan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Application%20of%20random-effects%20pattern-mixture%20models%20for%20missing%20data%20in%20longitudinal%20studies&author=D. Hedeker &author=R. D. Gibbons&publication_year=1997" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></年代pan></li> <li id="B39">StataCorp”占据统计软件:12日发布”StataCorp LP,大学城,特克斯,美国,2011。<年代pan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Stata%20statistical%20software:%20release%2012&author= StataCorp" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></年代pan></li> <li id="B40">l·f·伯克曼、t .玻璃、Brissette,和t . e . Seeman”从社会整合健康:迪尔凯姆在新世纪,“<我>社会科学与医学</我>,51卷,不。6,843 - 857年,2000页。<年代pan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-9536(00)00065-4">出版商的网站</一个><年代pan class="sep">|</年代pan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=From%20social%20integration%20to%20health:%20durkheim%20in%20the%20new%20millennium&author=L. F. Berkman&author=T. Glass&author=I. Brissette&author=&author=T. E. Seeman&publication_year=2000" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></年代pan></li> <li id="B41">c . Hertzog Lindenberger, p . Ghisletta, t·冯·Oertzen“多元潜伏的力量增长曲线模型来检测相关的变化,“<我>心理的方法</我>,11卷,不。3、244 - 252年,2006页。<年代pan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.11.3.244">出版商的网站</一个><年代pan class="sep">|</年代pan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=On%20the%20power%20of%20multivariate%20latent%20growth%20curve%20models%20to%20detect%20correlated%20change&author=C. Hertzog&author=U. Lindenberger&author=P. Ghisletta&author=&author=T. Von Oertzen&publication_year=2006" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></年代pan></li> <li id="B42">c . Hertzog t·冯·Oertzen p . Ghisletta和Lindenberger,“评估潜在的力量增长曲线模型来检测变化的个体差异,“<我>结构方程建模</我>,15卷,不。4、541 - 563年,2008页。<年代pan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://doi.org/10.1080/10705510802338983">出版商的网站</一个><年代pan class="sep">|</年代pan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Evaluating%20the%20power%20of%20latent%20growth%20curve%20models%20to%20detect%20individual%20differences%20in%20change&author=C. Hertzog&author=T. Von Oertzen&author=P. Ghisletta&author=&author=U. Lindenberger&publication_year=2008" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></年代pan></li> <li id="B43">k . j . Anstey s·m·霍弗和m . A . Luszcz”潜伏生长曲线分析吃生活的认知和感觉功能八年来:特定的和普遍的根本因素变化的证据,”<我>心理学和老化</我>,18卷,不。4、714 - 726年,2003页。<年代pan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.18.4.714">出版商的网站</一个><年代pan class="sep">|</年代pan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=A%20latent%20growth%20curve%20analysis%20of%20ate%20life%20cognitive%20and%20sensory%20function%20over%20eight%20years:%20evidence%20for%20specific%20and%20common%20factors%20underlying%20change&author=K. J. Anstey&author=S. M. Hofer&author=&author=M. A. Luszcz&publication_year=2003" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></年代pan></li> <li id="B44">h·克里斯坦森,a·麦金农a . f . Jorm et al .,”堪培拉:纵向研究设计,目的,方法,结果和最近的实证调查,“<我>衰老、神经心理学和认知</我>,11卷,不。2 - 3、169 - 195年,2004页。<年代pan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://doi.org/10.1080/13825580490511053">出版商的网站</一个><年代pan class="sep">|</年代pan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=The%20Canberra%20Longitudinal%20Study:%20design,%20aims,%20methodology,%20outcomes%20and%20recent%20empirical%20investigations&author=H. Christensen&author=A. Mackinnon&author=A. F. Jorm et al.&publication_year=2004" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></年代pan></li> <li id="B45">p . Ghisletta和美国Lindenberger”,年龄结构动力学之间的感知速度和知识的柏林老化研究:晚年去分化的直接证据能力,”<我>心理学和老化</我>,18卷,不。4、696 - 713年,2003页。<年代pan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.18.4.696">出版商的网站</一个><年代pan class="sep">|</年代pan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Age-based%20structural%20dynamics%20between%20perceptual%20speed%20and%20knowledge%20in%20the%20Berlin%20aging%20study:%20direct%20evidence%20for%20ability%20dedifferentiation%20in%20old%20age&author=P. Ghisletta &author=U. Lindenberger&publication_year=2003" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></年代pan></li> <li id="B46">c . Hertzog r·a·迪克森·d·f . Hultsch和s·w·s·麦克唐纳,“潜在的成人认知变化模型:加工速度和工作记忆的变化与情景记忆的变化?”<我>心理学和老化</我>,18卷,不。4、755 - 769年,2003页。<年代pan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.18.4.755">出版商的网站</一个><年代pan class="sep">|</年代pan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Latent%20change%20models%20of%20adult%20cognition:%20are%20changes%20in%20processing%20speed%20and%20working%20memory%20associated%20with%20changes%20in%20episodic%20memory?&author=C. Hertzog&author=R. A. Dixon&author=D. F. Hultsch&author=&author=S. W. S. MacDonald&publication_year=2003" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></年代pan></li> <li id="B47">s . m .而h·克里斯坦森,a·j·麦金农et al .,“认知功能的变化与载脂蛋白e基因型在一个社区的老年人样本,”<我>心理学和老化</我>,17卷,不。2、194 - 208年,2002页。<年代pan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://doi.org/10.1037">出版商的网站</一个><年代pan class="sep">|</年代pan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Change%20in%20cognitive%20functioning%20associated%20with%20ApoE%20genotype%20in%20a%20community%20sample%20of%20older%20adults&author=S. M. Hofer&author=H. Christensen&author=A. J. Mackinnon et al.&publication_year=2002" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></年代pan></li> <li id="B48">d . f . Hultsch c . Hertzog b . j .小l . McDonald-Miszczak r·a·迪克森,“短期纵向变化在认知能力在以后的生活中,“<我>心理学和老化</我>,7卷,不。4、571 - 584年,1992页。<年代pan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://doi.org/10.1037//0882-7974.7.4.571">出版商的网站</一个><年代pan class="sep">|</年代pan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Short-term%20longitudinal%20change%20in%20cognitive%20performance%20in%20later%20life&author=D. F. Hultsch&author=C. Hertzog&author=B. J. Small&author=L. McDonald-Miszczak&author=&author=R. A. Dixon&publication_year=1992" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></年代pan></li> <li id="B49">b·约翰逊,s m .而j·c·阿莱尔et al .,“长寿老人的记忆和认知功能的变化:接近死亡的影响基因相关的个人在六年期间,“<我>心理学和老化</我>,19卷,不。1,第156 - 145页,2004。<年代pan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.19.1.145">出版商的网站</一个><年代pan class="sep">|</年代pan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Change%20in%20memory%20and%20cognitive%20functioning%20in%20the%20oldest-old:%20The%20effects%20of%20proximity%20to%20death%20in%20genetically%20related%20individuals%20over%20a%20six-year%20period&author=B. Johansson&author=S. M. Hofer&author=J. C. Allaire et al.&publication_year=2004" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></年代pan></li> <li id="B50">a·麦金农h·克里斯坦森,s m .而a . e . Korten和a . f . Jorm”使用它,仍然失去它?活动和认知能力之间的关系在社区样本,建立了利用潜在增长技术”<我>衰老、神经心理学和认知</我>,10卷,不。3、215 - 229年,2003页。<年代pan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://doi.org/10.1076/anec.10.3.215.16451">出版商的网站</一个><年代pan class="sep">|</年代pan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Use%20it%20and%20still%20lose%20it?%20The%20association%20between%20activity%20and%20cognitive%20performance%20established%20using%20latent%20growth%20techniques%20in%20a%20community%20sample&author=A. Mackinnon&author=H. Christensen&author=S. M. Hofer&author=A. E. Korten&author=&author=A. F. Jorm&publication_year=2003" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></年代pan></li> <li id="B51">m·j·瓦沃米尔-希利温斯基s·m·霍弗和c大厅,“相关和耦合认知变化与和没有临床痴呆老年人,“<我>心理学和老化</我>,18卷,不。4、672 - 683年,2003页。<年代pan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.18.4.672">出版商的网站</一个><年代pan class="sep">|</年代pan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Correlated%20and%20coupled%20cognitive%20change%20in%20older%20adults%20with%20and%20without%20clinical%20dementia&author=M. J. Sliwinski&author=S. M. Hofer&author=&author=C. Hall&publication_year=2003" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></年代pan></li> <li id="B52">m·j·瓦沃米尔-希利温斯基s m .而c .大厅,h . Buschke r·b·利普顿,“老年人记忆力衰退建模:临床痴呆的重要性,摩擦和实足年龄,“<我>心理学和老化</我>,18卷,不。4、658 - 671年,2003页。<年代pan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.18.4.658">出版商的网站</一个><年代pan class="sep">|</年代pan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Modeling%20memory%20decline%20in%20older%20adults:%20The%20importance%20of%20preclinical%20dementia,%20attrition%20and%20chronological%20age&author=M. J. Sliwinski&author=S. M. Hofer&author=C. Hall&author=H. Buschke&author=&author=R. B. Lipton&publication_year=2003" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></年代pan></li> <li id="B53">r·s·威尔逊,l·a·贝克特·l·l·巴恩斯et al .,“个体差异率的变化在老年人的认知能力,”<我>心理学和老化</我>,17卷,不。2、179 - 193年,2002页。<年代pan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://doi.org/10.1037">出版商的网站</一个><年代pan class="sep">|</年代pan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Individual%20differences%20in%20rates%20of%20change%20in%20cognitive%20abilities%20of%20older%20persons&author=R. S. Wilson&author=L. A. Beckett&author=L. L. Barnes et al.&publication_year=2002" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></年代pan></li> <li id="B54">p·拉斯特和s . m .而实质性的权力来检测之间的方差和协方差的变化:仿真结果基于当前的纵向研究,“<我>心理的方法</我>。在出版社。<年代pan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Substantial%20power%20to%20detect%20variance%20and%20covariance%20among%20%20rates%20of%20change:%20simulation%20results%20based%20on%20current%20longitudinal%20studies&author=P. Rast &author=S. M. Hofer" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></年代pan></li> <li id="B55">d . Zimprich和m·马丁,“纵能处理速度的变化解释纵向流动智力年龄变化?”<我>心理学和老化</我>,17卷,不。4、690 - 695年,2002页。<年代pan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://doi.org/10.1037//0882-7974.17.4.690">出版商的网站</一个><年代pan class="sep">|</年代pan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Can%20longitudinal%20changes%20in%20processing%20speed%20explain%20longitudinal%20age%20changes%20in%20fluid%20intelligence?&author=D. Zimprich &author=M. Martin&publication_year=2002" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></年代pan></li> <li id="B56">t . a . b . Snijders和r . j .丛林<我>多层次分析:介绍基本的和先进的多级建模</我>、鼠尾草出版物,伦敦,英国,1999年。<年代pan class="reflinks"></span></li> <li id="B57">m . Lindwall c·r·西米诺·l·e·吉本斯et al .,“动态关联的变化运动和认知功能的变化:协调分析四个纵向研究,“<我>衰老研究杂志》</我>。在出版社。<年代pan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Dynamic%20associations%20of%20change%20in%20physical%20activity%20and%20change%20in%20cognitive%20function:%20coordinated%20analyses%20of%20four%20longitudinal%20studies&author=M. Lindwall&author=C. R. Cimino&author=L. E. Gibbons et al." target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></年代pan></li> <li id="B58">m·米切尔,c·r·西米诺a·贝尼特斯et al .,“认知刺激活动:对认知的影响四个高达21年的纵向研究数据,”<我>衰老研究杂志》</我>。在出版社。<年代pan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Cognitively%20stimulating%20activities:%20effects%20on%20cognition%20across%20four%20studies%20with%20up%20to%2021%20years%20of%20longitudinal%20data&author=M. Mitchell&author=C. R. Cimino&author=A. Benitez et al." target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></年代pan></li> </ol> </div> <div class="xml-content"> <h4 class="copyright" id="copyright">版权</gydF4y2Bah4> <p>版权©2012卡桑德拉·l·布朗等。这是一个开放的分布式下文章<一个rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/">知识共享归属许可</一个>,它允许无限制的使用、分配和复制在任何媒介,提供最初的工作是正确引用。</gydF4y2Bap> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> <div class="biblio__Wrapper-sc-1nou1lz-0 eyHfWh journal_article__BiblioIntegratorWidget-sc-12fk6zy-5 dbAANp article_widget biblioWrapper hide"> <hr> <h4 class="biblio__H4-sc-1nou1lz-2 kgAKHb hrTitleRef">更多相关文章</gydF4y2Bah4> <div id="biblio_widget" class="biblio__BiblioWrapper-sc-1nou1lz-1 fOXysy"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="threeColumn__RightWrapper-sc-1bf4078-2 jzTMLK rightWrapper" id="rightSectionMenu"> <div> <div class="journal_article__ArticleStickyTopToolbar-sc-12fk6zy-0 gbrQxi article_sticky_top_toolbar"> <div class="sc-cBdUnI hRnXob article_top_toolbar"> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-jtRfpW dIjoCg sc-exkUMo hymroZ pdf_desktop button__group" href="https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/jar/2012/287438.pdf" aria-label="" target="_blank" id="toolbar__dcNavSmall"><span><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl sc-kTUwUJ eujois" title="" role="presentation" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/next_assets/B3mMnZy7okrdcmfy00DUF/_next/static/node_modules/hindawi-ui/src/icon/svg/pdf.svg" height="24"><span class="text">PDF</年代pan></span><span class="sc-htoDjs bqeMOy sc-dqBHgY cQgXqt fileArrow icon-colored _3P4iUn1NDM5G77nWCamJ4l icon-themeable" title="" font-size="20"></span></a> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-jtRfpW dIjoCg sc-kcDeIU cbcyj ref_desktop" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jar/2012/287438.ris" aria-label="" target="" id="toolbar__dcNavLarge"><span><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl sc-kTUwUJ eujois" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="24"><span class="text">下载引用</年代pan></span><span class="sc-htoDjs bqeMOy sc-dqBHgY cQgXqt fileArrow icon-colored _3P4iUn1NDM5G77nWCamJ4l icon-themeable" title="" font-size="20"></span></a> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-jtRfpW dIjoCg sc-BngTV hmDWcT ref_desktop" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jar/2012/287438.ris" aria-label="" target="" id="toolbar__dcNavSmall"><span><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl sc-kTUwUJ eujois" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="24"><span class="text">引用</年代pan></span><span class="sc-htoDjs bqeMOy sc-dqBHgY cQgXqt fileArrow icon-colored _3P4iUn1NDM5G77nWCamJ4l icon-themeable" title="" font-size="20"></span></a> </div> </div> <div class="journal_article__ArticleStickyBottomToolbar-sc-12fk6zy-1 isgRZA article_sticky_bottom_toolbar"> <div class="sc-cTjmhe ihmyEq article_bottom_toolbar"> <div class="sc-cugefK itFKcQ accordion" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8" id="toolbar__dofNav"> <span><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl sc-bfYoXt cGuwDn" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="24"><span class="sc-dRFtgE jrsDZP">下载其他格式</年代pan><span class="sc-gkFcWv gWTCXQ">更多的</年代pan></span> <span class="sc-htoDjs bMdQcY sc-gbOuXE jGPvPL icon-colored _1CwL9R82TPl2HxDleeYGDR icon-themeable" title="" font-size="11"></span> </div> <div class="sc-fnwBNb etzuBr"> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-iNhVCk gWgCNb open_panel" href="//www.newsama.com/downloads/journals/jar/2012/287438.epub" aria-label="ePub" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"> <div class="sc-eAKXzc WHkfb"> ePub</gydF4y2Badiv><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl sc-bfYoXt cGuwDn" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="24"></a> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-iNhVCk gWgCNb open_panel" href="//www.newsama.com/downloads/journals/jar/2012/287438.xml" aria-label="XML" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"> <div class="sc-eAKXzc WHkfb"> XML</gydF4y2Badiv><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl sc-bfYoXt cGuwDn" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="24"></a> </div> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-imABML ibWUzs" href="//www.newsama.com/reprints/287438/confirm" aria-label="Order Printed Copies" target="_blank" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8" id="toolbar__opcNav"><span><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl sc-bfYoXt cGuwDn" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="24"><span class="sc-dRFtgE jrsDZP">订单打印副本</年代pan><span class="sc-gkFcWv gWTCXQ">订单</年代pan></span><span class="sc-htoDjs kNoiZu sc-gbOuXE jGPvPL right__icon icon-colored _32KP5uexH-Bgs7Kj8Gk1Tz icon-themeable" title="" font-size="16"></span></a> <div class="sc-hBbWxd kdRRST"> <div class="sc-dyGzUR cHatnS"> <div> 的观点<年代pan>4049年</年代pan> </div> <div> 下载<年代pan>1359年</年代pan> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sc-drKuOJ kxdGAZ"> <span class="__dimensions_badge_embed__" data-doi="10.1155/2012/287438" data-style="small_circle"></span>引用</gydF4y2Badiv> </div> </div> <nav class="sc-bRBYWo fXBKFa sc-hUfwpO jHPgUP" id="toolbar__iconNav"> <h3 class="sc-Rmtcm hNPrIr">分享文章</gydF4y2Bah3> <ul class="sc-hzDkRC bnbfTS"> <li class="iconBorder"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link" href="https://twitter.com/share?url=https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/287438&via=Hindawi" aria-label="Sharing on Twitter" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl socialTwitter" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PD94bWwgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4wIiBlbmNvZGluZz0iVVRGLTgiPz4KPHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMzFweCIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzMXB4IiB2aWV3Qm94PSIwIDAgMzEgMzEiIHZlcnNpb249IjEuMSIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayI+CiAgICA8IS0tIEdlbmVyYXRvcjogU2tldGNoIDU3LjEgKDgzMDg4KSAtIGh0dHBzOi8vc2tldGNoLmNvbSAtLT4KICAgIDx0aXRsZT5Ud2l0dGVyX1NvY2lhbF9JY29uX0NpcmNsZV9Db2xvcjwvdGl0bGU+CiAgICA8ZGVzYz5DcmVhdGVkIHdpdGggU2tldGNoLjwvZGVzYz4KICAgIDxnIGlkPSJQYWdlLTEiIHN0cm9rZT0ibm9uZSIgc3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoPSIxIiBmaWxsPSJub25lIiBmaWxsLXJ1bGU9ImV2ZW5vZGQiPgogICAgICAgIDxnIGlkPSJUd2l0dGVyX1NvY2lhbF9JY29uX0NpcmNsZV9Db2xvciIgZmlsbC1ydWxlPSJub256ZXJvIj4KICAgICAgICAgICAgPGcgaWQ9IkRhcmtfQmx1ZSIgZmlsbD0iIzFEQTFGMiI+CiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICA8Y2lyY2xlIGlkPSJPdmFsIiBjeD0iMTUuNSIgY3k9IjE1LjUiIHI9IjE1LjUiPjwvY2lyY2xlPgogICAgICAgICAgICA8L2c+CiAgICAgICAgICAgIDxnIGlkPSJMb2dvX194MjAxNF9fRklYRUQiIHRyYW5zZm9ybT0idHJhbnNsYXRlKDcuMDAwMDAwLCA5LjAwMDAwMCkiIGZpbGw9IiNGRkZGRkYiPgogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgPHBhdGggZD0iTTUuNjc0NTc2MjcsMTQuOTYwOTM3NSBDMTIuNDM5ODMwNSwxNC45NjA5Mzc1IDE2LjEzODk4MzEsOS4yMTg3NSAxNi4xMzg5ODMxLDQuMjQyMTg3NSBDMTYuMTM4OTgzMSw0LjA3ODEyNSAxNi4xMzg5ODMxLDMuOTE0MDYyNSAxNi4xMzEzNTU5LDMuNzU3ODEyNSBDMTYuODQ4MzA1MSwzLjIyNjU2MjUgMTcuNDczNzI4OCwyLjU2MjUgMTcuOTY5NDkxNSwxLjgwNDY4NzUgQzE3LjMxMzU1OTMsMi4xMDE1NjI1IDE2LjYwNDIzNzMsMi4zMDQ2ODc1IDE1Ljg1Njc3OTcsMi4zOTg0Mzc1IEMxNi42MTk0OTE1LDEuOTI5Njg3NSAxNy4xOTkxNTI1LDEuMTk1MzEyNSAxNy40NzM3Mjg4LDAuMzEyNSBDMTYuNzY0NDA2OCwwLjc0MjE4NzUgMTUuOTc4ODEzNiwxLjA1NDY4NzUgMTUuMTM5ODMwNSwxLjIyNjU2MjUgQzE0LjQ2ODY0NDEsMC40OTIxODc1IDEzLjUxNTI1NDIsMC4wMzkwNjI1IDEyLjQ1NTA4NDcsMC4wMzkwNjI1IEMxMC40MjYyNzEyLDAuMDM5MDYyNSA4Ljc3ODgxMzU2LDEuNzI2NTYyNSA4Ljc3ODgxMzU2LDMuODA0Njg3NSBDOC43Nzg4MTM1Niw0LjEwMTU2MjUgOC44MDkzMjIwMyw0LjM5MDYyNSA4Ljg3Nzk2NjEsNC42NjQwNjI1IEM1LjgxOTQ5MTUzLDQuNTA3ODEyNSAzLjExMTg2NDQxLDMuMDA3ODEyNSAxLjI5NjYxMDE3LDAuNzI2NTYyNSBDMC45ODM4OTgzMDUsMS4yODEyNSAwLjgwMDg0NzQ1OCwxLjkyOTY4NzUgMC44MDA4NDc0NTgsMi42MTcxODc1IEMwLjgwMDg0NzQ1OCwzLjkyMTg3NSAxLjQ0OTE1MjU0LDUuMDc4MTI1IDIuNDQwNjc3OTcsNS43NSBDMS44MzgxMzU1OSw1LjczNDM3NSAxLjI3MzcyODgxLDUuNTYyNSAwLjc3Nzk2NjEwMiw1LjI4MTI1IEMwLjc3Nzk2NjEwMiw1LjI5Njg3NSAwLjc3Nzk2NjEwMiw1LjMxMjUgMC43Nzc5NjYxMDIsNS4zMjgxMjUgQzAuNzc3OTY2MTAyLDcuMTU2MjUgMi4wNDQwNjc4LDguNjcxODc1IDMuNzI5NjYxMDIsOS4wMjM0Mzc1IEMzLjQyNDU3NjI3LDkuMTA5Mzc1IDMuMDk2NjEwMTcsOS4xNTYyNSAyLjc2MTAxNjk1LDkuMTU2MjUgQzIuNTI0NTc2MjcsOS4xNTYyNSAyLjI5NTc2MjcxLDkuMTMyODEyNSAyLjA2Njk0OTE1LDkuMDg1OTM3NSBDMi41MzIyMDMzOSwxMC41ODU5Mzc1IDMuODg5ODMwNTEsMTEuNjcxODc1IDUuNDk5MTUyNTQsMTEuNzAzMTI1IEM0LjI0MDY3Nzk3LDEyLjcxMDkzNzUgMi42NTQyMzcyOSwxMy4zMTI1IDAuOTMwNTA4NDc1LDEzLjMxMjUgQzAuNjMzMDUwODQ3LDEzLjMxMjUgMC4zNDMyMjAzMzksMTMuMjk2ODc1IDAuMDUzMzg5ODMwNSwxMy4yNTc4MTI1IEMxLjY2MjcxMTg2LDE0LjMzNTkzNzUgMy42LDE0Ljk2MDkzNzUgNS42NzQ1NzYyNywxNC45NjA5Mzc1IiBpZD0iUGF0aCI+PC9wYXRoPgogICAgICAgICAgICA8L2c+CiAgICAgICAgPC9nPgogICAgPC9nPgo8L3N2Zz4=" height="24"></a></li> <li class="iconBorder"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link" href="https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle/?url=https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/287438" aria-label="Sharing on Linkedin" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl socialLinkedin" title="" role="presentation" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/next_assets/B3mMnZy7okrdcmfy00DUF/_next/static/node_modules/hindawi-ui/src/icon/svg/socialLinkedin.svg" height="24"></a></li> <li class="iconBorder"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/287438" aria-label="Sharing on Facebook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl socialFacebook" title="" role="presentation" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/next_assets/B3mMnZy7okrdcmfy00DUF/_next/static/node_modules/hindawi-ui/src/icon/svg/socialFacebook-HINDAWI.svg" height="24"></a></li> <li class="iconBorder"> <div class="wechat-container"> <img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl socialWechat" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="24"> <div class="addthis_inline_share_toolbox"></div> </div></li> <li><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link" href="mailto:?subject=Social Activity and Cognitive Functioning Over Time: A Coordinated Analysis of Four Longitudinal Studies&body=https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/287438" aria-label="Sharing on Mail" target="_blank"><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl socialMail" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="24"></a></li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="biblio__Wrapper-sc-1nou1lz-0 cBTaXT journal_article__BiblioIntegratorSidebar-sc-12fk6zy-4 cYsVdk biblioWrapperRight biblioWrapper hide"> <hr> <h4 class="biblio__H4-sc-1nou1lz-2 kgAKHb hrTitleRef">相关文章</gydF4y2Bah4> <div id="biblio_sidebar" class="biblio__BiblioWrapper-sc-1nou1lz-1 fOXysy"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer class="sc-jKJlTe inBNwS"> <section class="sc-eNQAEJ dkutRV"> <div class="sc-bZQynM bNmdOy E_HUmlU2Hj3PpkDmWzKPd primary__footer footer__bodypadding"> <div class="sc-hMqMXs hlGpbO mobile"> 遵循我们:<gydF4y2Banav role="navigation" class="sc-kkGfuU filPdg"> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-kEYyzF ecHxGW" href="https://twitter.com/hindawi" aria-label="Twitter" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje TsaZF" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="40"></a> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-kEYyzF ecHxGW" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/hindawilimited/" aria-label="LinkedIn" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje TsaZF" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iNDAiIGhlaWdodD0iNDAiIHZpZXdCb3g9IjAgMCA0MCA0MCIgZmlsbD0ibm9uZSIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIj48cGF0aCBmaWxsLXJ1bGU9ImV2ZW5vZGQiIGNsaXAtcnVsZT0iZXZlbm9kZCIgZD0iTTAgMjBDMCA4Ljk1NTk5IDguOTU1OTkgMCAyMCAwQzMxLjA0NCAwIDQwIDguOTU1OTkgNDAgMjBDNDAgMzEuMDQ0IDMxLjA0NCA0MCAyMCA0MEM4Ljk1NTk5IDQwIDAgMzEuMDQ0IDAgMjBaTTkuMzE3MzIgMzAuMjM0NEgxNC4xODgyVjE1LjU4MDFIOS4zMTczMlYzMC4yMzQ0Wk0xMS43NTI5IDEzLjU3OTFIMTEuNzIxMkMxMC4wODY3IDEzLjU3OTEgOS4wMjk1NCAxMi40NTM5IDkuMDI5NTQgMTEuMDQ3N0M5LjAyOTU0IDkuNjA5NjggMTAuMTE5IDguNTE1NjIgMTEuNzg1MyA4LjUxNTYyQzEzLjQ1MTUgOC41MTU2MiAxNC40NzY5IDkuNjA5NjggMTQuNTA4NyAxMS4wNDc3QzE0LjUwODcgMTIuNDUzOSAxMy40NTE1IDEzLjU3OTEgMTEuNzUyOSAxMy41NzkxWk0yNi44ODE0IDMwLjIzNDRIMzEuNzUxN1YyMS44MzE3QzMxLjc1MTcgMTcuMzMwNiAyOS4zNDg4IDE1LjIzNjIgMjYuMTQ0MSAxNS4yMzYyQzIzLjU1OTkgMTUuMjM2MiAyMi40MDE3IDE2LjY1NjUgMjEuNzU0NSAxNy42NTVWMTUuNTgwMUgxNi44ODM5QzE2Ljk0NzYgMTYuOTU1IDE2Ljg4MzkgMzAuMjM0NCAxNi44ODM5IDMwLjIzNDRIMjEuNzU0NVYyMi4wNTA4QzIxLjc1NDUgMjEuNjEyOSAyMS43ODU5IDIxLjE3NTIgMjEuOTE0NyAyMC44NjIxQzIyLjI2NjggMTkuOTg3MiAyMy4wNjgyIDE5LjA4MDggMjQuNDEzOCAxOS4wODA4QzI2LjE3NjEgMTkuMDgwOCAyNi44ODE0IDIwLjQyNDUgMjYuODgxNCAyMi4zOTQ3VjMwLjIzNDRaIiBmaWxsPSIjRjJGMkYyIj48L3BhdGg+PC9zdmc+" height="40"></a> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-kEYyzF ecHxGW" href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCDIK_O7FATPEkhad_sQVaSg" aria-label="Youtube" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje TsaZF" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="40"></a> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-kEYyzF ecHxGW" href="https://www.facebook.com/HindawiLimited/" aria-label="Facebook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje TsaZF" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="40"></a> </nav> </div> <nav class="E_HUmlU2Hj3PpkDmWzKPd _3wm8FgzqRuRWouJG31YgKx" role="navigation"> <ul class="_2k5c8zEhMT-84kRD4oDgAz _1SoDWGr_FVsil9klRfjnhb"> <li><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link about_us" href="//www.newsama.com/about/" aria-label="About us">关于我们</一个></l我><l我><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link contact_us" href="//www.newsama.com/about/contact/" aria-label="Contact us">联系我们</一个></l我><l我><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link partnerships" href="//www.newsama.com/publishing-partnerships/" aria-label="Partnerships">合作伙伴关系</一个></l我><l我><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link blog" href="//www.newsama.com/blog/" aria-label="Blog">博客</一个></l我></ul> <ul class="_2k5c8zEhMT-84kRD4oDgAz _1SoDWGr_FVsil9klRfjnhb"> <li><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link journals" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/" aria-label="Journals">期刊</一个></l我><l我><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link article_processing_charges" href="//www.newsama.com/publish-research/authors/article-processing-charges/" aria-label="Article Processing Charges">文章处理费用</一个></l我><l我><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link print_editions" href="//www.newsama.com/print-editions/" aria-label="Print editions">印刷版</一个></l我></ul> <ul class="_2k5c8zEhMT-84kRD4oDgAz _1SoDWGr_FVsil9klRfjnhb"> <li><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link authors" href="//www.newsama.com/publish-research/authors/" aria-label="Authors">作者</一个></l我><l我><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link editors" href="//www.newsama.com/publish-research/editors/" aria-label="Editors">编辑器</一个></l我><l我><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link reviewers" href="//www.newsama.com/publish-research/reviewers/" aria-label="Reviewers">评论家</一个></l我></ul> <ul class="_2k5c8zEhMT-84kRD4oDgAz _1SoDWGr_FVsil9klRfjnhb"> <li><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link hindawi_xml_corpus" href="//www.newsama.com/hindawi-xml-corpus/" aria-label="Hindawi XML Corpus">雷电竞APP</a></li> <li><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link open_archives_initiative" href="//www.newsama.com/open-archives-initiative/" aria-label="Open Archives Initiative">开放档案计划</一个></l我><l我><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link fraud_prevention" href="//www.newsama.com/preventing-and-protecting-against-fraud/" aria-label="Fraud prevention">欺诈防范</一个></l我></ul> </nav> <div class="sc-hMqMXs hlGpbO desktop"> 遵循我们:<gydF4y2Banav role="navigation" class="sc-kkGfuU filPdg"> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-kEYyzF ecHxGW" href="https://twitter.com/hindawi" aria-label="Twitter" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje TsaZF" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="40"></a> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-kEYyzF ecHxGW" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/hindawilimited/" aria-label="LinkedIn" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje TsaZF" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="40"></a> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-kEYyzF ecHxGW" href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCDIK_O7FATPEkhad_sQVaSg" aria-label="Youtube" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje TsaZF" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="40"></a> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-kEYyzF ecHxGW" href="https://www.facebook.com/HindawiLimited/" aria-label="Facebook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje TsaZF" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="40"></a> </nav> </div> </div> </section> <div class="sc-bZQynM bNmdOy"> <section class="sc-iAyFgw gCiATD"> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link" href="//www.newsama.com/privacy/" aria-label="Privacy Policy">隐私政策<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> |</一个><一个cl一个年代年代=”年代c-htpNat bUhGXt link" href="//www.newsama.com/terms/" aria-label="Terms of Service">服务条款<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> |</一个><一个cl一个年代年代=”年代c-htpNat bUhGXt link" href="//www.newsama.com/responsible-disclosure-policy/" aria-label="Responsible Disclosure Policy">负责信息披露政策<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> |</一个><一个cl一个年代年代=”年代c-htpNat bUhGXt link" href="//www.newsama.com/cookie-policy/" aria-label="Cookie Policy">饼干的政策<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> |</一个><一个cl一个年代年代=”年代c-htpNat bUhGXt link" href="//www.newsama.com/copyright/" aria-label="Copyright">版权<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> |</一个><一个cl一个年代年代=”年代c-htpNat bUhGXt link" href="//www.newsama.com/modern-slavery-statement/" aria-label="Modern slavery statement">现代奴隶制的声明<gydF4y2Ba!-- --></a> </section> </div> </footer> <div class="sc-OxbzP eEFYIL advWrapper hideBanner"> <span><p>文章奖:2020年杰出的研究贡献,选择由我们的首席编辑。<一个href="//www.newsama.com/article-year-award/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">获奖的文章阅读</一个>。</gydF4y2Bap></span> <button class="sc-bYnzgO dsXEHZ"><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje iiusBg sc-cPuPxo iXKuYd" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="16"></button> </div> </div> </div> <noscript> <iframe src="https://www.newsama.com/ns.html?id=GTM-MQ4MGW" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe> </noscript> </div> </body> </html>