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.expand_btn{-webkit-flex:1;-ms-flex:1;flex:1;background:url('data:image/svg+xml;base64,PD94bWwgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4wIiBlbmNvZGluZz0iVVRGLTgiPz4KPHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMTZweCIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxNnB4IiB2aWV3Qm94PSIwIDAgMTYgMTYiIHZlcnNpb249IjEuMSIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayI+CiAgICA8IS0tIEdlbmVyYXRvcjogU2tldGNoIDUzLjIgKDcyNjQzKSAtIGh0dHBzOi8vc2tldGNoYXBwLmNvbSAtLT4KICAgIDx0aXRsZT5JY29ucy9DbG9zZSBNZW51IC08L3RpdGxlPgogICAgPGRlc2M+Q3JlYXRlZCB3aXRoIFNrZXRjaC48L2Rlc2M+CiAgICA8ZGVmcz4KICAgICAgICA8cGF0aCBkPSJNMTMsMTEgTDE5LDExIEMxOS41NTIyODQ3LDExIDIwLDExLjQ0NzcxNTMgMjAsMTIgQzIwLDEyLjU1MjI4NDcgMTkuNTUyMjg0NywxMyAxOSwxMyBMMTMsMTMgTDEzLDE5IEMxMywxOS41NTIyODQ3IDEyLjU1MjI4NDcsMjAgMTIsMjAgQzExLjQ0NzcxNTMsMjAgMTEsMTkuNTUyMjg0NyAxMSwxOSBMMTEsMTMgTDUsMTMgQzQuNDQ3NzE1MjUsMTMgNCwxMi41NTIyODQ3IDQsMTIgQzQsMTEuNDQ3NzE1MyA0LjQ0NzcxNTI1LDExIDUsMTEgTDExLDExIEwxMSw1IEMxMSw0LjQ0NzcxNTI1IDExLjQ0NzcxNTMsNCAxMiw0IEMxMi41NTIyODQ3LDQgMTMsNC40NDc3MTUyNSAxMyw1IEwxMywxMSBaIiBpZD0icGF0aC0xIj48L3BhdGg+CiAgICA8L2RlZnM+CiAgICA8ZyBpZD0iUGFnZS0xIiBzdHJva2U9Im5vbmUiIHN0cm9rZS13aWR0aD0iMSIgZmlsbD0ibm9uZSIgZmlsbC1ydWxlPSJldmVub2RkIj4KICAgICAgICA8ZyBpZD0iQXJ0aWNsZS0tLU1vYmlsZS0tLWZpZ3VyZSIgdHJhbnNmb3JtPSJ0cmFuc2xhdGUoLTIwLjAwMDAwMCwgLTg2MS4wMDAwMDApIj4KICAgICAgICAgICAgPGcgaWQ9Ikdyb3VwLTkiIHRyYW5zZm9ybT0idHJhbnNsYXRlKDAuMDAwMDAwLCAzMzAuMDAwMDAwKSI+CiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICA8ZyBpZD0iR3JvdXAtOCIgdHJhbnNmb3JtPSJ0cmFuc2xhdGUoMC4wMDAwMDAsIDUwNi4wMDAwMDApIj4KICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICA8ZyBpZD0iR3JvdXAtNyIgdHJhbnNmb3JtPSJ0cmFuc2xhdGUoMC4wMDAwMDAsIDE2LjAwMDAwMCkiPgogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICA8ZyBpZD0iSWNvbnMvT3Blbi1NZW51LSsiIHRyYW5zZm9ybT0idHJhbnNsYXRlKDEzLjAwMDAwMCwgMi4wMDAwMDApIj4KICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIDxnIGlkPSJwbHVzIiB0cmFuc2Zvcm09InRyYW5zbGF0ZSgzLjAwMDAwMCwgMy4wMDAwMDApIj4KICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICA8bWFzayBpZD0ibWFzay0yIiBmaWxsPSJ3aGl0ZSI+CiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIDx1c2UgeGxpbms6aHJlZj0iI3BhdGgtMSI+PC91c2U+CiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgPC9tYXNrPgogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIDx1c2UgaWQ9IkNvbWJpbmVkLVNoYXBlIiBmaWxsPSIjMDAwMDAwIiBmaWxsLXJ1bGU9Im5vbnplcm8iIHhsaW5rOmhyZWY9IiNwYXRoLTEiPjwvdXNlPgogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIDxnIGlkPSJDT0xPUi8tUHJpbWFyeS1HcmVlbiIgbWFzaz0idXJsKCNtYXNrLTIpIiBmaWxsPSIjNkJBNDM5IiBmaWxsLXJ1bGU9ImV2ZW5vZGQiPgogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICA8cmVjdCBpZD0iUmVjdGFuZ2xlIiB4PSIwIiB5PSIwIiB3aWR0aD0iMjQiIGhlaWdodD0iMjQiPjwvcmVjdD4KICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICA8L2c+CiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICA8L2c+CiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIDwvZz4KICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICA8L2c+CiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICA8L2c+CiAgICAgICAgICAgIDwvZz4KICAgICAgICA8L2c+CiAgICA8L2c+Cjwvc3ZnPg==') no-repeat 6px;background-position:center;margin-top:10px;min-width:55px;display:none;} @media (min-width:768px){.hMPMVR .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .expand_btn{display:none;}} .hMPMVR .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-text{-webkit-flex:9;-ms-flex:9;flex:9;text-align:left;padding:21px 37px 10px 0px;font-size:16px;font-weight:700;} @media (min-width:768px){.hMPMVR .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-text{padding:19px 18px 10px 18px;}} @media (min-width:992px){.hMPMVR .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-text{padding:19px 21px 10px 21px;}} .hMPMVR .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-partial-url{-webkit-flex:1;-ms-flex:1;flex:1;background:url('data:image/svg+xml;base64,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') no-repeat 6px;background-position:center;padding:16px 0 16px 0;min-width:62px;max-width:62px;} @media (min-width:768px){.hMPMVR .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-partial-url{padding:16px 0 17px 0;min-width:52px;max-width:52px;}} @media (min-width:992px){.hMPMVR .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-partial-url{padding:15px 0 17px 0;min-width:60px;max-width:60px;}} .hMPMVR .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-partial-url:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;} .hMPMVR .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption-text{font-size:14px;padding:0px 18px 17px 22px;} @media (min-width:768px){.hMPMVR .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption-text{padding:0px 15px 15px 18px;}} @media (min-width:992px){.hMPMVR .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption-text{padding:0px 18px 19px 21px;}} .hMPMVR .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption-text figcaption{margin:0;padding:0;} .hMPMVR .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption-text svg{max-width:100%;} .hMPMVR ol{font-size:16px;padding-left:32px;font-family:STIXGeneral-Regular;line-height:24px;margin:15px 0;} .hMPMVR ol li{margin:10px 0;padding-left:10px;word-break:normal;} .hMPMVR ol li a{word-break:break-all;} .hMPMVR ol li .reflinks{display:block;} .hMPMVR ol li .reflinks a{color:#4D8A17;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:pointer;} .hMPMVR ol li .reflinks a:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;} .hMPMVR ol li .reflinks .sep{color:#000000;} .hMPMVR .table-wrapper{width:auto;overflow-x:auto;} .hMPMVR .table-wrapper::-webkit-scrollbar{-webkit-appearance:none;width:5px;height:5px;} .hMPMVR .table-wrapper::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb{border-radius:5px;background-color:rgba(0,0,0,.5);-webkit-box-shadow:0 0 1px rgba(255,255,255,.5);} @media (min-width:768px){.hMPMVR .table-wrapper{overflow-x:auto;width:auto;-webkit-break-word:word-break;break-word:word-break;margin:0 auto;}} @media (min-width:992px){.hMPMVR .table-wrapper{width:auto;}} @media (min-width:1324px){.hMPMVR .table-wrapper{width:auto;}} @media (min-width:320px){.hMPMVR{margin-bottom:33px;padding:0;}} @media (min-width:992px){.hMPMVR{padding:0;margin-bottom:100px;}} @media (min-width:1325px){.hMPMVR{margin-bottom:100px;}} .hMPMVR .owl-stage{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;} .hMPMVR .floats-partial-middle--thumbs{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;} .hMPMVR .floats-partial-middle--thumbs .partial-carousel-dot svg{fill:#4D8A17;} .hMPMVR .floats-partial-middle--thumbs .partial-carousel-dot strong{color:#4D8A17;font-weight:500;} .hMPMVR .floats-partial-middle--thumbs .partial-carousel-dot.active strong{color:#007B8B;} .hMPMVR 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href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijdmb/" aria-label="International Journal of Digital Multimedia Broadcasting">国际期刊的数字多媒体广播</gydF4y2Baa>/<gydF4y2Baa class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-eitiEO jXeALb breadCrumb" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijdmb/contents/year/2010/" aria-label="2010">2010年</gydF4y2Baa>/<gydF4y2Baspan class="sc-bhlBdH UVThf">文章</gydF4y2Baspan> </div> <div class="threeColumn__ThreeColumnWrapper-sc-1bf4078-0 dDyxFF threeColumnWrapper"> <div class="threeColumn__LeftWrapper-sc-1bf4078-1 fkVFlF leftWrapper"> <button type="button" class="sc-eKZiaR dzZrgS section__button " id="sectionButton"><span class="sc-htoDjs diutvq icon__dots dots__detector icon-colored _3n-7Ho7DlfjMlZbrRr9Q4a icon-themeable" title="" font-size="22"></span>文章部分</gydF4y2Babutton> <div class="sc-bEjcJn jLUVhb static_contents__section_links links__hidden "> <div id="leftSectionMenu" class="sc-cbkKFq prcY sc-bGbJRg dVCLgr left_section_menu"> <p>在这一页上</gydF4y2Bap> <span class="sc-likbZx bBmZJZ grey" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-ePZHVD ewHMLz" href="#abstract" aria-label="">文摘</gydF4y2Baa></span> <span class="sc-likbZx bBmZJZ grey" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-ePZHVD ewHMLz" href="#introduction" aria-label="">介绍</gydF4y2Baa></span> <span class="sc-likbZx bBmZJZ grey" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-ePZHVD ewHMLz" href="#conclusions" aria-label="">结论</gydF4y2Baa></span> <span class="sc-likbZx bBmZJZ grey" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-ePZHVD ewHMLz" href="#references" aria-label="">引用</gydF4y2Baa></span> <span class="sc-likbZx bBmZJZ grey" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-ePZHVD ewHMLz" href="#copyright" aria-label="">版权</gydF4y2Baa></span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="threeColumn__ContentWrapper-sc-1bf4078-3 bbzREB contentWrapper"> <div class="threeColumn__Content-sc-1bf4078-4 jknsZc content"> <div class="articleContent__ArticleContentsWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-0 eSvjPB article_contents"> <div class="articleContent__ArticleContentsSectionsWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-1 jntdRu article_contents__sections_wrapper"> <div class="articleContent__ArticleWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-2 hAzjHP"> <div class="sc-chbbiW mBGSe article_header_class"> <div class="sc-kxynE fgGykB"> <span class="sc-cooIXK gQxyld">特殊的问题</gydF4y2Baspan> <h2 class="sc-fcdeBU bVtmCk">IP和广播系统收敛</gydF4y2Bah2> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-gmeYpB hSHJbi" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijdmb/si/832141/" aria-label="">把这个特殊的问题</gydF4y2Baa> <hr class="sc-clNaTc ktFfKO"> </div> <p class="sc-kZmsYB bkiEfx article_type">评论文章|<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->开放获取</gydF4y2Bap> <div class="sc-RcBXQ ztvYg article_citation"> 体积<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> 2010年<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> <span class="sc-fZwumE cUsFHx">|</gydF4y2Baspan>文章的ID<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> 169140年<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> <span class="sc-fZwumE cUsFHx">|</gydF4y2Baspan> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-fQejPQ duuwge" href="https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/169140" aria-label="Doi-link">https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/169140</gydF4y2Baa> </div> <div class="sc-LKuAh lcOiDF article_full_citation"> <div class="sc-hzNEM gsmOCv isHide"> <p>t·h·西曼斯基d·吉尔伯特<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> ”<gydF4y2Baspan class="adjust-article-svg-size">互联网骨干网络IPTV组播系统的设计</gydF4y2Baspan>”,<gydF4y2Ba!-- --><i>国际期刊的数字多媒体广播</gydF4y2Bai>,<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> 卷。<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->2010年<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> 文章的ID<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->169140年<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> 14<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->   页面<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> 2010年<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->。<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/169140</gydF4y2Bap> </div> <button class="sc-hSdWYo etauus sc-iBEsjs kPshFw" color="">显示引用</gydF4y2Babutton> </div> <h1 class="sc-iRbamj jZOxOO sc-iSDuPN hHHqqR article_title adjust-article-svg-size heading-title">互联网骨干网络IPTV组播系统的设计</gydF4y2Bah1> </div> <div class="sc-jrIrqw eHMFfo article_authors"> <hr class="sc-cEvuZC XkrFe hr__author"> <span class=""><b>t·h·西曼斯基</gydF4y2Bab><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link" href="mailto:" aria-label="Mail Option"><span class="sc-htoDjs kNoiZu sc-hjRWVT irNWJI icon-colored _2zt-1j0LmaF8UjTQAM413G icon-themeable" title="" font-size="16"></span></a><sup>1<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->2</gydF4y2Basup>和</gydF4y2Baspan> <span class="">d·吉尔伯特<gydF4y2Basup>1</gydF4y2Basup></span> <div class="sc-fHxwqH dMuGGA isHide"> <p><sup>1</gydF4y2Basup><span>麦克马斯特大学电子与计算机工程系,汉密尔顿,加拿大</gydF4y2Baspan></p> <p><sup>2</gydF4y2Basup><span>加拿大麦克马斯特大学椅子在数据通信中,贝尔,汉密尔顿,加拿大</gydF4y2Baspan></p> </div> <button class="sc-hSdWYo etauus sc-iQtOjA kfDwZY" color="">显示更多</gydF4y2Babutton> </div> <div class="articleContent__EditorWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-3 evMkvU"> <div class="articleContent__TextWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-8 fYrLtk"> <b>学术编辑器:</gydF4y2Bab>丹尼尔Negru</gydF4y2Badiv> <div class="articleContent__PublicationTimeLineWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-4 fjviok"> <div class="articleContent__PublcationCol-sc-2yl9jy-5 hgKieC notPublished"> <span class="articleContent__PublicationField-sc-2yl9jy-6 cIribm">收到了</gydF4y2Baspan> <span class="articleContent__PublicationValue-sc-2yl9jy-7 khHUcu">2009年11月02</gydF4y2Baspan> </div> <div class="articleContent__PublcationCol-sc-2yl9jy-5 hgKieC notPublished"> <span class="articleContent__PublicationField-sc-2yl9jy-6 cIribm">修改后的</gydF4y2Baspan> <span class="articleContent__PublicationValue-sc-2yl9jy-7 khHUcu">2010年3月3日</gydF4y2Baspan> </div> <div class="articleContent__PublcationCol-sc-2yl9jy-5 hgKieC notPublished"> <span class="articleContent__PublicationField-sc-2yl9jy-6 cIribm">接受</gydF4y2Baspan> <span class="articleContent__PublicationValue-sc-2yl9jy-7 khHUcu">2010年3月23日</gydF4y2Baspan> </div> <div class="articleContent__PublcationCol-sc-2yl9jy-5 hgKieC isPublished"> <span class="articleContent__PublicationField-sc-2yl9jy-6 cIribm">发表</gydF4y2Baspan> <span class="articleContent__PublicationValue-sc-2yl9jy-7 khHUcu">2010年6月13日</gydF4y2Baspan> </div> </div> </div> <article class="sc-jtRlXQ hMPMVR article_body "> <div> <div class="xml-content"> <h4 class="header" id="abstract">文摘</gydF4y2Bah4> <p>IPTV组播系统的设计提出了互联网骨干网和探索通过广泛的模拟。在拟议的系统中,一个资源预定算法等回复,IntServ或DiffServ(即用于储备资源。、带宽和缓冲空间)在每个路由器IP多播树。每个路由器使用Input-Queued、Output-Queued或Crosspoint-Queued开关加速架构与团结。最近提出的<gydF4y2Bai>递归的公平随机矩阵分解</gydF4y2Bai>算法用于计算近乎完美的传播计划为每个IP路由器。IPTV流量来源使用的形状<gydF4y2Bai>特定于应用程序的令牌粉碎机交通塑造者</gydF4y2Bai>限制输入的burstiness网络流量。IPTV的交通在目的地使用的形状<gydF4y2Bai>特定于应用程序播放队列</gydF4y2Bai>,去除残余网络抖动和重建原丛发性IPTV视频流在每个目的地。所有IPTV流量再生在目的地基本上为零延迟抖动和基本完美QoS。目的地节点交付IPTV流最终最终用户使用相同的IPTV组播系统在一个地区的城域网。显示所有IPTV交通与基本完善的端到端交付QoS,与确定性界限在每个视频帧的最大延迟和抖动。IPTV分布系统的详细模拟,几百高清晰IPTV视频多播流在几个基本饱和IP骨干网络。</gydF4y2Bap> <span class="end-abs"></span> <h4 id="introduction">1。介绍</gydF4y2Bah4> <p>多媒体通信网络电视和视频点播等代表整个互联网流量的快速增长的部分。根据思科(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B1">1</gydF4y2Baa>,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B2">2</gydF4y2Baa>),全球互联网流量几乎每两年翻一番,和全球产能将增加75次2002 - 2012年的十年来跟上需求。此外,视频流量如IPTV (<gydF4y2Baa href="#B3">3</gydF4y2Baa>)将在2012年占全球网络负荷的90%。美国联邦通信委员会(FCC)已经要求所有电视广播2009年发生在数字格式,和多媒体流量的增长分数可能会淹没当前互联网基础设施。根据(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B4">4</gydF4y2Baa>),”<gydF4y2Bai>美国不会成为第一个国家完成过渡到数字电视…卢森堡、荷兰、芬兰、安道尔、瑞典和瑞士都完成了转变,利用数字视频Broadcasting-Terrestrial(优质)标准。转换现在在其他国家超过35</gydF4y2Bai>”。据思科(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B5">5</gydF4y2Baa>):“<gydF4y2Bai>与这些新的IPTV业务的部署,现有网络基础设施将被推到极限</gydF4y2Bai>交通拥堵问题已经可见:“<gydF4y2Bai>视频是堵塞互联网。我们如何疏通它将产生深远的影响</gydF4y2Bai>“(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B6">6</gydF4y2Baa>]。认识到问题,美国国家科学基金会发起了一项主要项目称为“<gydF4y2Bai>全球网络倡议调查</gydF4y2Bai>”(GENI),它是开放的一个完整的“<gydF4y2Bai>干净的石板”</gydF4y2Bai>重新设计互联网如果必要,为了解决问题(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B7">7</gydF4y2Baa>,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B8">8</gydF4y2Baa>]。总之,新技术,支持IPTV等高效的多媒体多播和广播服务是至关重要的。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>摘要IPTV组播系统的设计提出了互联网骨干网络和探索通过广泛的模拟。在第一次提出IPTV组播系统<gydF4y2Baa href="#B9">9</gydF4y2Baa>在[]基于理论基础建立<gydF4y2Baa href="#B10">10</gydF4y2Baa>,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B11">11</gydF4y2Baa>]。广泛的模拟,提出了一个8-node多播树(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B9">9</gydF4y2Baa>],然而设计或模拟真实IP多播系统的网络拓扑结构并没有提出。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>在本文中,一个现实的IPTV组播系统的设计中描述的几个真正的骨干IP网络(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B14">12</gydF4y2Baa>]。详尽的模拟确认系统能够提供几百IPTV在互联网骨干网络数据包流基本上是零延迟抖动,基本上零丢包率,和基本完善的端到端QoS每提供多播树。在拟议的系统中,一个资源预定算法等回复,IntServ或DiffServ用于储备资源,如缓冲区空间和传输容量在每个多播路由器在每个多播树。然后每个IP路由器使用最近提议<gydF4y2Bai>递归的公平随机矩阵分解</gydF4y2Bai>调度算法(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B9">9</gydF4y2Baa>,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B10">10</gydF4y2Baa>)计划通过路由器的IPTV交通流,同时满足严格的QoS保证,统一的约束下加速。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>互联网路由器可以使用三种基本开关结构,<gydF4y2Bai>Input-Queued(智商)</gydF4y2Bai>开关,<gydF4y2Bai>Output-Queued (OQ)</gydF4y2Bai>开关,或<gydF4y2Bai>结合输入和交叉点排队(CIXQ)</gydF4y2Bai>开关。OQ开关可以获得最佳的吞吐量,但他们需要一个内部加速的O (N),这使得他们不切实际的大尺寸。<gydF4y2Bai>输入和输出队列相结合</gydF4y2Bai>(CIOQ)开关也被提出。这些开关也可以实现100%的吞吐量,但他们也需要一个加速通常2或4倍,这很难实现,从而增加成本。CIXQ开关也可以实现100%的吞吐量与简单的调度算法,但它们需要很多交叉点队列的开关矩阵增加成本。尽量减少成本,许多大容量路由器利用某种形式的输入排队。图<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijdmb/2010/169140/fig1/" target="_blank">1</gydF4y2Baa>演示了一个分组交换的IP路由器使用<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.725" id="M1" style="vertical-align:-0.3135pt;width:45.075001px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 45.075001 10.725" width="45.075001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.725)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.42)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.415719" y="0"> ×</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.193304" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg><i>Input-Queued</gydF4y2Bai>(智商)开关结构。每个输入端口<gydF4y2Bai>N</gydF4y2Bai>”<gydF4y2Bai>虚拟输出队列</gydF4y2Bai>”(<gydF4y2Bai>VOQs</gydF4y2Bai>),开关共有<gydF4y2Basvg height="13.775" id="M2" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:20.924999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 20.924999 13.775" width="20.924999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.775)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.98)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,61.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-60.18,66.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg><i>VOQs</gydF4y2Bai>。图<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijdmb/2010/169140/fig2/" target="_blank">2</gydF4y2Baa>演示了一个分组交换的IP多播树,它包含一个树分组交换的IP路由器如图<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijdmb/2010/169140/fig1/" target="_blank">1</gydF4y2Baa>。</gydF4y2Bap> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig1"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig1"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="169140.fig.001" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/ijdmb/volume-2010/169140/figures/169140.fig.001.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图1</gydF4y2Baspan> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijdmb/2010/169140/fig1/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> 智商开关。</gydF4y2Batable> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig2"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig2"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="169140.fig.002" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/ijdmb/volume-2010/169140/figures/169140.fig.002.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图2</gydF4y2Baspan> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijdmb/2010/169140/fig2/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> 2。IPTV组播树。</gydF4y2Batable> </div> </div> </div> <p>许多IP路由器利用一个固定大小的细胞开关结构。包含视频数据的大小可变的IP数据包到达输入端口。每个IP包拆卸成小固定大小的细胞,在适当的存储<gydF4y2Bai>VOQ</gydF4y2Bai>在开关的输入端。典型的细胞可以在64年和256年之间字节长度。在每一个输入端口<gydF4y2Basvg height="12.675" id="M3" style="vertical-align:-2.34499pt;width:7.1374998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 7.1374998 12.675" width="7.1374998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.675)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.86)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,每个<gydF4y2Bai>VOQ (j, k)</gydF4y2Bai>商店细胞注定输出端口<gydF4y2Bai>k</gydF4y2Bai>。固定大小的细胞定于传输整个开关在一系列的时段。大小可变的IP数据包是重建的输出端路由器,然后传播到下一个路由器的多播树。在每一个时间段,调度算法用来计算一组<gydF4y2Bai>N</gydF4y2Bai>细胞转移在智商开关,两个约束条件:(1)每个输入端口传输最多1的细胞<gydF4y2Bai>N VOQ</gydF4y2Bai>年代,<gydF4y2Basvg height="13.45" id="M4" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:18.35px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 18.35 13.45" width="18.35" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.45)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>每个输出端口接收最多1细胞从任何<gydF4y2Bai>VOQ</gydF4y2Bai>。组细胞传输每时间段可以表示成一个排列。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>调度的智商开关是一个困难的问题<gydF4y2Baa href="#B15">13</gydF4y2Baa>- - - - - -<gydF4y2Baa href="#B29">27</gydF4y2Baa>]。服务质量(QoS)时,困难是严重约束添加到调度问题。已被证明是有效的IPTV交付需要低抖动(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B30">28</gydF4y2Baa>- - - - - -<gydF4y2Baa href="#B32">30.</gydF4y2Baa>]。一组的选择<gydF4y2Bai>N</gydF4y2Bai>细胞每时间段转移智商开关相当于找到两偶图匹配。假设链接的40或160 Gbps,持续时间的时间段一个64字节的细胞是12.8和3.2纳秒,分别。因此,调度器智商开关必须计算新的两偶图匹配的非常快,通常以每秒100 - 300的匹配率。现有的开关调度器可以分为两类:(1)”<gydF4y2Bai>动态调度器</gydF4y2Bai>“计算新的两偶拼毛在每一个时间段没有任何先验知识的长期交通要求开关,和<gydF4y2Basvg height="13.45" id="M5" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:18.35px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 18.35 13.45" width="18.35" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.45)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>”<gydF4y2Bai>Guaranteed-Rate (GR)调度器</gydF4y2Bai>”,定期计算的序列<gydF4y2Bai>F</gydF4y2Bai>用于配合<gydF4y2Bai>F</gydF4y2Bai>连续时间段称为“<gydF4y2Bai>调度框架”</gydF4y2Bai>。时间表可以多次重复使用,计划长期时重新计算流量开关的要求修改。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>众所周知,动态调度器智商开关可以实现吞吐量的100%,如果一个<gydF4y2Bai>最大重量匹配</gydF4y2Bai>(<gydF4y2Bai>微波加工</gydF4y2Bai>)算法用于计算每个时间段的匹配,最大队列接收的优惠服务<gydF4y2Baa href="#B15">13</gydF4y2Baa>]。然而,<gydF4y2Bai>微波加工</gydF4y2Bai>算法的复杂性<gydF4y2Basvg height="16.5375" id="M6" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:42.775002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 42.775002 16.5375" width="42.775002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.5375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-58.77)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,61.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.1521959" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.315695" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-46.87,66.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-41.99,61.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>每个时间段的工作和被认为是真正棘手的用于IP路由器(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B15">13</gydF4y2Baa>]。因此,现有的动态调度程序通常使用子优化启发式调度程序,如并行迭代匹配或沿着纽约州(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B16">14</gydF4y2Baa>]。然而,由于严重的时间约束所有的启发式调度子最佳吞吐量效率,在高负载下表现出显著的延迟和抖动。沿着纽约州算法用于思科1200系列路由器是一个迭代的启发式调度程序可以实现吞吐量效率高达80%,不均匀的交通模式。然而,每个细胞的平均排队延迟可以达到几千时段在高负载,和延迟抖动可以同样高。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>在这篇文章中,一个最近提议<gydF4y2Bai>递归的公平随机矩阵分解</gydF4y2Bai>算法调度IPTV组播流量在每个路由器IP多播树完全饱和的IP网络,并通过大量的模拟性能检查。资源预定协议等回复,IntServ或DiffServ用于维护交通率矩阵每个IP路由器。(我们注意,虽然DiffServ不使用显式的资源预订,DiffServ确实使用基于类的加权公平排队,有效保护带宽为每个DiffServ交通类。)各流量率矩阵双重子随机或随机,并指定每一对之间的保证流量率<gydF4y2Bai>输入-输出</gydF4y2Bai>(IO)路由器的端口。每个路由器的流量矩阵可以分解产生一系列数学两偶图的匹配或排列。每个匹配的配置开关为一个时间段,序列的匹配是保证交付通过IP路由器的IPTV流,同时提供严格的QoS保证,统一的约束下加速。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>的<gydF4y2Bai>递归的公平随机矩阵分解(RFSMD)</gydF4y2Bai>算法在<gydF4y2Baa href="#B10">10</gydF4y2Baa>)一个路由器一个容许交通率矩阵转化为量化与整数值(整数)矩阵元素,假设一个调度框架的长度<gydF4y2Bai>F</gydF4y2Bai>时间槽。然后算法递归分区量化矩阵递归和相对公平的方式,产生一系列置换矩阵,也称为排列。由此产生的序列的排列形式”<gydF4y2Bai>帧传输调度</gydF4y2Bai>”,通过分组交换的IP路由器传输细胞。的顺序排列在一帧传输的时间表可以多次重复使用,只要交通率矩阵保持不变。当流量率矩阵更新的回复,IntServ,或DiffServ算法,帧传输进度会被重新计算。RFSMD算法,以及适当的交通形成来源,严格保证每个供应交通流量达到near-minimal延迟和抖动和基本完善的端到端服务质量,为所有网络负载高达100%。通过“基本完美QoS”,我们意味着每个供应交通流可以交付零丢包率,nearminimal端到端延迟和零推出延迟抖动。理论界限延迟、抖动和QoS介绍(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B10">10</gydF4y2Baa>,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B11">11</gydF4y2Baa>),在部分进行了总结<gydF4y2Baa href="#sec4">4</gydF4y2Baa>这篇论文。在这篇文章中,我们将RFSMD调度算法应用于多播的问题真正的IPTV交通通过多播树几个IP骨干网络,探索大规模IPTV在IP多播网络的可行性。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>部分<gydF4y2Baa href="#sec2">2</gydF4y2Baa>描述视频流量模型。部分<gydF4y2Baa href="#sec3">3</gydF4y2Baa>描述了一些之前guaranteed-rate调度算法。部分<gydF4y2Baa href="#sec4">4</gydF4y2Baa>更深入地描述了low-jitter RFSMD调度算法。部分<gydF4y2Baa href="#sec5">5</gydF4y2Baa>描述了IP骨干网络和IPTV组播树,并给出了详细的仿真数据。部分<gydF4y2Baa href="#sec6">6</gydF4y2Baa>包含结束语。</gydF4y2Bap> <h4 id="video-traffic-model">2。视频流量模型</gydF4y2Bah4> <p>思科系统估计几百视频通道需要多达1 Gbps的带宽可能分布在IP骨干支持新兴IPTV应用程序(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B5">5</gydF4y2Baa>]。收集真实的数据对我们的模拟,高清视频名为“<gydF4y2Bai>BBC的蓝色星球</gydF4y2Bai>“在亚利桑那大学(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B34">31日</gydF4y2Baa>]网站处理。视频包括61 K视频帧的速度到达24帧/秒的视频。最低,平均和最大视频帧大小是81,21日K、495 K字节分别说明丛发性行为。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>我们假设这些视频帧分解成固定大小的64字节的细胞在传输之前的IP多播树。这些视频帧大小对应于平均328细胞/视频帧的最小和最大2 - 7735细胞/视频帧,分别。一个视频流的压缩比为151,平均比特率约为4 Mbps,和比特率的峰值95 Mbps。为了简化术语,定义这个数据代表一个”<gydF4y2Bai>视频频道</gydF4y2Bai>”。一个<gydF4y2Bai>“视频</gydF4y2Bai>“由聚合1或多个视频频道。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>亚利桑那州的网站(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B34">31日</gydF4y2Baa>)提供视频帧尺寸统计几个高清视频频道。在本文中,我们假设100高清视频频道将在每个多播组播树,每个4 Mbps的平均速率,聚合流流量约。404 Mbps。要达到100年的统计数据视频通道用于我们的网络模拟、视频的数据”<gydF4y2Bai>BBC的蓝色星球</gydF4y2Bai>”是重用以循环的方式,与随机选择的一个视频帧开始为每一个渠道。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>表<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijdmb/2010/169140/tab1/" target="_blank">1</gydF4y2Baa>列出了一些属性单一视频通道和聚合的几个视频交通流。在表<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijdmb/2010/169140/tab1/" target="_blank">1</gydF4y2Baa>,peak-to-mean率的比值是一个指示burstiness的流量。单通道peak-to-mean比率为23.5,表明burstiness的高度。指表<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijdmb/2010/169140/tab1/" target="_blank">1</gydF4y2Baa>,100个频道的聚合流有一个404 Mbps的速度聚合数据,用一个700 Mbps的速度峰值。peak-to-mean利率的比率是1.73,表明burstiness相当大的减少。</gydF4y2Bap> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="tab1"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-tab1"> <table class="table-group" id="tab1"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <table class="table"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="6"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr class="thead"> <td align="left">渠道</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">意味着率(Mbps)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">最大速度</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">Max /意味着</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">标准偏差</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">10%额外限制延迟(sec)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="6"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">1</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">4.04</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">95年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">23.5</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">6.68</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">97.1</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">10</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">40.4</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">165年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">4.08</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">21</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">45.4</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">One hundred.</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">404年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">700年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1.73</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">69年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">4.35</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr class="table-tr"> <td colspan="6"> <hr class="tbody-hr"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">表1</gydF4y2Baspan> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijdmb/2010/169140/tab1/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> 交通统计数据聚合。</gydF4y2Badiv> </div> </div> <p>图<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijdmb/2010/169140/fig3/" target="_blank">3</gydF4y2Baa>说明了视觉的影响聚合的聚合的多个视频频道burstiness视频流。图<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijdmb/2010/169140/fig3/" target="_blank">3</gydF4y2Baa>说明了瞬时标准化的带宽和时间相同的聚合流。每个流的平均速度已经规范化,减少burstiness聚集许多视频频道时是很明显的。</gydF4y2Bap> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig3"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig3"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="169140.fig.003" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/ijdmb/volume-2010/169140/figures/169140.fig.003.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图3</gydF4y2Baspan> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijdmb/2010/169140/fig3/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> Burstiness聚合的流量。</gydF4y2Batable> </div> </div> </div> <p>假设任何一个视频通道的视频帧到达多播树的根固定利率的24个视频帧每秒。视频帧的到达率,2400年100个频道因此聚合流视频帧每秒。到达的交通相当丛发性,如图<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijdmb/2010/169140/fig3/" target="_blank">3</gydF4y2Baa>。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>在本文中,我们假设一个<gydF4y2Bai>特定于应用程序的令牌桶流量整形器(ast)</gydF4y2Bai>模块(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B9">9</gydF4y2Baa>,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B11">11</gydF4y2Baa>)用于源平和传入丛发性IPTV交通符合适当的意思是交通与有界burstiness率。细胞被允许离开的ast 440 Mbps的最大速率,当细胞是可用的。将引入一个ast<gydF4y2Bai>特定于应用程序的</gydF4y2Bai>延迟的源是独立的网络。指图<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijdmb/2010/169140/fig2/" target="_blank">2</gydF4y2Baa>,假设100年视频通道可以在每个IP多播树的根分布。100个频道的聚合流平均数据速率为404 Mbps,和每个IP多播树必须提供支持这个流量。在本文中,我们假设每个IP多播树提供的平均数据速率,聚合视频流消耗90%的供应树链接能力,从而提供10%的超额带宽破裂。因此,每个IP多播树必须提供支持约440 Mbps的保证利率交通在树中的每一个环节。鉴于40 Gbps的线速率,使用64字节的细胞,一个调度框架的长度<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.6875" id="M7" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:50.875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 50.875 10.6875" width="50.875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.6875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.45)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.190185" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.230574" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.570074" y="0"> K</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,然后每个时间段预订代表一个带宽约40 Mbps。因此,保证440 Mbps的速度需要预订11细胞/调度框架,或大约1%的利率。然而,每个骨干网络有多个IPTV组播树,9 - 16树在我们的模拟,所以多播流量的一部分在每个链接通常在4%和7%之间链接的能力在我们的模型。当的细胞到达ast模块,这些细胞将暂时存储,并将释放到网络以平均400 Mbps的速度和440 Mbps的最大数据速率。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>指图<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijdmb/2010/169140/fig2/" target="_blank">2</gydF4y2Baa>,路由器没有。1is the root of a multicast tree and implements a 1-to-3 multicasting of the cells. There are many nodes in an IP multicast tree, distributing content to potentially millions of end-users (i.e., households). Each destination node of the multicast tree has an<i>特定于应用程序播放队列(ASPQ)</gydF4y2Bai>(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B9">9</gydF4y2Baa>,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B11">11</gydF4y2Baa>)接收到固定大小的细胞对应聚合视频流。ASPQ的目的是过滤掉残余推出的抖动和重建原丛发性视频帧。互联网骨干网络的目标节点可能代表着一个城市的中心办公室。中央办公室节点必须向最终用户交付IPTV流,住宅或手机,等等,在一个地区的城域网。IPTV的交付在区域交通城域网可以使用本文中描述的相同的IPTV组播设计。因此,丛发性IPTV流量可以交付给最终用户,以分层的方式,本质上是零延迟抖动,基本上零丢包率和基本完善的端到端QoS。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>通常IP网络传输大小可变的IP数据包。包通常是分解成固定大小的细胞在每个IP路由器的输入大小,和IP数据包重组的输出大小的IP路由器,传播到下一个IP路由器。使用可变大小的IP数据包通常会导致延误与拆卸和重新组装在每个IP路由器IP数据包。在本文中,我们假设一个IP / MPLS技术,所有IP数据包携带视频数据有固定的大小,例如64字节,1024字节,或1500字节。IP数据包拆卸一次入口路由器和重组一次的出口路由器MPLS域。这个假设就不需要反复拆卸和重新组装大小可变的IP数据包在每个IP路由器在一个域,并删除数据包重组的延迟在每个IP路由器。然而,主要结果持有即使大(即使用固定大小的数据包。,1500个字节),或者使用可变大小的数据包。在这种情况下,数据包重组的延迟必须添加到每个路由器。重要的一点是,所有变量排队延迟和抖动已被移除。</gydF4y2Bap> <h4 id="prior-guaranteed-rate-scheduling-algorithms">3所示。之前Guaranteed-Rate调度算法</gydF4y2Bah4> <p>提出了几种方案对调度guaranteed-rate (GR)通过智商信息包交换流量,简要回顾了。在本节中讨论的所有计划假定每个路由器维护交通率矩阵,它指定请求的所有IO之间交通率对路由器。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>在伯克von-Neuman (BVN)方案提出了<gydF4y2Baa href="#B19">17</gydF4y2Baa>,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B20">18</gydF4y2Baa>),双重随机交通率矩阵分解为一系列置换矩阵和权重相关联。每个矩阵代表一个开关配置,一个匹配或排列的输入端口到输出端口。这些矩阵然后将出现在他们的权重比例使用GPS或WFQ算法,以确定的顺序开关配置,满足GR的交通需求。每个开关配置用于配置的信息包交换一个时间段。最优IP流量可以使用任何交换容量不使用GR流量。BVN分解可以通过路由器吞吐量达到100%,也就是说,它不介绍”<gydF4y2Bai>加速</gydF4y2Bai>然而,“在任何路由器BVN分解的时间复杂度<gydF4y2Basvg height="16.674999" id="M8" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:50.974998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 50.974998 16.674999" width="50.974998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.675)"> <g transform="translate(72,-58.66)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,60.93)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.1521959" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.315695" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-46.87,65.93)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 4</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.5640001" y="0"> 5</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-35.43,60.93)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>在一个串行处理器和通常被认为是太慢了用于实时分组交换的IP路由器。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>一个算法来安排交通通过智商分封交换的IP路由器,而试图最小化<gydF4y2Bai>“服务滞后</gydF4y2Bai>”在多个IP流和减少加速竞争,是麻省理工学院(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B18">16</gydF4y2Baa>]。双重随机交通率矩阵第一量化包含整数的值,然后分解成一系列排列相关矩阵和权重,然后必须预定。与加速<gydF4y2Basvg height="11.325" id="M9" style="vertical-align:-0.51414pt;width:76.724998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 76.724998 11.325" width="76.724998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.94)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.590281" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.630671" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.657837" y="0"> +</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="43.998058" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="49.499378" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>1和2之间的最大服务滞后(提前定义)对所有IO双是有界的<gydF4y2Basvg height="13.45" id="M10" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:134px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 134 13.45" width="134" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.45)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.1521959" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.315695" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.479195" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.119247" y="0"> /</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.595081" y="0"> 4</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.846581" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.010078" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="46.17358" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="54.300529" y="0"> /</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="57.776363" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="61.939861" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="72.842476" y="0"> −</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="84.182701" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="90.434196" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="94.597694" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="98.7612" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>时间槽。根据(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B18">16</gydF4y2Baa>];”<gydF4y2Bai>一个相当大的类的调度器的最大服务滞后</gydF4y2Bai> <svg height="16.5375" id="M11" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:42.775002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 42.775002 16.5375" width="42.775002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.5375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-58.77)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,61.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.1521959" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.315695" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-46.87,66.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-41.99,61.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg><i>输入队列交换机是不可避免的。据我们所知,没有调度器克服这一点</gydF4y2Bai> <svg height="16.5375" id="M12" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:42.775002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 42.775002 16.5375" width="42.775002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.5375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-58.77)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,61.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.1521959" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.315695" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-46.87,66.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-41.99,61.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg><i>到目前为止了。对于许多率矩阵,它并不总是可以找到特定时间点的服务对所有IO同时对滞后很小</gydF4y2Bai>。”</gydF4y2Bap> <p>贪婪的调度算法,旨在最小化延迟抖动在同时竞争IP流经智商信息包交换是在贝尔实验室开发的(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B21">19</gydF4y2Baa>,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B22">20.</gydF4y2Baa>]。在一个指定的交通需求<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.725" id="M13" style="vertical-align:-0.3135pt;width:45.075001px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 45.075001 10.725" width="45.075001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.725)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.42)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.415719" y="0"> ×</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.193304" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>流量矩阵。low-jitter GR交通约束是相对流量总额的一小部分。延迟和抖动最小化问题首先是制定作为一个整数规划问题。交通率矩阵必须分解为一组排列矩阵和相关的权重,这样每个交通流由一个排列在集。这个矩阵分解问题被证明是np难。然后制定一个贪婪low-jitter分解与复杂性<gydF4y2Basvg height="16.5375" id="M14" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:42.775002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 42.775002 16.5375" width="42.775002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.5375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-58.77)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,61.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.1521959" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.315695" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-46.87,66.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-41.99,61.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>时间。由此产生的时间表需要坏的加速<gydF4y2Bai>O (</gydF4y2Bai>日志<gydF4y2Bai>N)</gydF4y2Bai>在实践中,这使它昂贵的。努力分析抖动没有界限。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>启发式调度算法调度数据包在智商开关是加州大学(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B23">21</gydF4y2Baa>]。算法试图将一个可容许整数交通率矩阵分解成整数矩阵的总和,其中最大一行或一列的矩阵表示减少几何序列。作者建立一个抖动约束随着开关的大小<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.325" id="M15" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:14.8375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 14.8375 10.325" width="14.8375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>增加,并确定一个开放的问题”<gydF4y2Bai>确定所需的最小加速努力提供担保,以及这种担保是否可能</gydF4y2Bai>“(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B23">21</gydF4y2Baa>]。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>总之,有一个相当大的身体最近的研究数学的调度算法基于流量率矩阵的分解。不幸的是,易处理的调度算法,实现稳定区域内的能力或实现的约束下有界延迟或抖动统一加速,在一个IP / MPLS路由器或IP / MPLS网络路由器,是未知的。</gydF4y2Bap> <h4 id="the-recursive-fair-stochastic-matrix-decomposition-algorithm">4所示。递归的公平随机矩阵分解算法</gydF4y2Bah4> <p>一个<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.725" id="M16" style="vertical-align:-0.3135pt;width:47.487499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 47.487499 10.725" width="47.487499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.725)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.42)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.415719" y="0"> ×</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.193304" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>信息包交换了<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.325" id="M17" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:14.8375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 14.8375 10.325" width="14.8375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>输入和<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.325" id="M18" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:17.237499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.237499 10.325" width="17.237499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>输出端口和一个相关的交通速度矩阵。每一个输入端口<gydF4y2Basvg height="12.675" id="M19" style="vertical-align:-2.34499pt;width:7.1374998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 7.1374998 12.675" width="7.1374998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.675)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.86)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>为<gydF4y2Basvg height="13.6125" id="M20" style="vertical-align:-2.34499pt;width:67.5px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 67.5 13.6125" width="67.5" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.6125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.11)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.7148314" y="0"> ≤</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.75522" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.094721" y="0"> <</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.135109" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>有<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.325" id="M21" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:17.237499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.237499 10.325" width="17.237499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>虚拟输出队列,每个输出端口<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.7375" id="M22" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt;width:8.6000004px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.6000004 10.7375" width="8.6000004" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.7375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.41)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,<gydF4y2Basvg height="12.3" id="M23" style="vertical-align:-1.29163pt;width:72.300003px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 72.300003 12.3" width="72.300003" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.3)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.16)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.7148314" y="0"> ≤</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.75522" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.007679" y="0"> <</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="44.048069" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。一个guaranteed-rate交通要求<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.725" id="M24" style="vertical-align:-0.3135pt;width:45.075001px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 45.075001 10.725" width="45.075001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.725)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.42)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.415719" y="0"> ×</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.193304" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>信息包交换可以在双重子随机指定或随机交通率矩阵<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.6625" id="M25" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:11.1px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.1 10.6625" width="11.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.6625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.47)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.52)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> Λ</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>:<gydF4y2Baspan class="equation" id="eq1"> <svg height="146.8875" id="M26" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 146.8875" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,146.8875)"> <g transform="translate(72,45.51)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,113.03,35.69)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.290001" y="-23.690001"> ⎛</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.290001" y="-12.94"> ⎜</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.290001" y="-2.1900001"> ⎜</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.290001" y="8.5600004"> ⎜</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.290001" y="19.32"> ⎜</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.290001" y="30.01"> ⎝</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.639999" y="-27.16"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> Λ</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.240437" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,156.43,59.72)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.5640001" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,187.29,62.85)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,194.06,59.72)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.5640001" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,218.19,62.85)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ⋯</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.356323" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,251.32,59.72)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.5640001" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="14.011952" y="0"> −</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="20.007072" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,149.67,45.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,156.43,42.24)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.5640001" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,187.29,45.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,194.06,42.24)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.5640001" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,218.19,45.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ⋯</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.356323" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,251.32,42.24)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.5640001" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="14.011952" y="0"> −</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="20.007072" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,151.94,27.88)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-8.9899998" y="17.49"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ⋯</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="101.61" y="0"> ⋯</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,149.71,7.27)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="7.4479518" y="0"> −</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="13.443072" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="17.819073" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="20.007072" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,180.57,10.39)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,187.33,7.27)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="7.4479518" y="0"> −</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="13.443072" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="17.819073" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="20.007072" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,218.19,10.39)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ⋯</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.629709" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,244.6,7.27)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="7.4479518" y="0"> −</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="13.443072" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="17.819073" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="20.007072" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="27.455025" y="0"> −</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="33.450146" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,282.92,59.38)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ⎞</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="10.75"> ⎟</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="21.5"> ⎟</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="32.25"> ⎟</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="43.009998"> ⎟</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="53.700001"> ⎠</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.71" y="23.690001"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,164.09,-11.67)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="7.4479518" y="0"> −</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="13.443072" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,164.92,-34.17)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,166.45,-41.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.7169924" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,181.91,-27.62)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,188.68,-30.74)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.9098721" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,201.49,-27.62)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ≤</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,234.95,-11.67)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="7.4479518" y="0"> −</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="13.443072" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,235.78,-34.17)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,236.97,-41.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.4045279" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.3996477" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,252.77,-27.62)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,259.53,-30.74)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.9098721" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,272.34,-27.62)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ≤</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="201.78" y="-37.740002"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="205.9435" y="-37.740002"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="212.19499" y="-37.740002"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></p> <p>每个元素<gydF4y2Basvg height="9.4750004" id="M27" style="vertical-align:-4.77652pt;width:13.6625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 13.6625 9.4750004" width="13.6625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,9.475)"> <g transform="translate(72,-64.42)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.1)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.4045279" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.5925279" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>代表了一部分的输电线路速率留给guaranteed-rate IO副之间的流量<gydF4y2Basvg height="13.6125" id="M28" style="vertical-align:-2.34499pt;width:31.6px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 31.6 13.6125" width="31.6" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.6125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.11)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.0271664" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.228414" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.005039" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。细胞通过开关的传播是由帧传输调度,也称为“框架计划”。在一个8<gydF4y2Basvg height="8.7875004" id="M29" style="vertical-align:-0.3135pt;width:10.125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 10.125 8.7875004" width="10.125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,8.7875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-64.97)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,65.34)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ×</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>8纵横开关<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.9125" id="M30" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:52.612499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 52.612499 10.9125" width="52.612499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.190185" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.230574" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.482075" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.733574" y="0"> 8</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>时段每帧的最小带宽分配<gydF4y2Basvg height="11.45" id="M31" style="vertical-align:-0.23827pt;width:93.037498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 93.037498 11.45" width="93.037498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.45)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.84)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.12)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.2515001" y="0"> /</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.727334" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.906456" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="43.110344" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="49.361843" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="52.487595" y="0"> 7</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="58.739094" y="0"> 8</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="64.990593" y="0"> %</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>线率的储备循环的基础上每帧一个时间段。定义一个新的量化交通率矩阵<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.325" id="M32" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:11.6875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.6875 10.325" width="11.6875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>每个流量速率表示为一个整数个数乘以带宽保留的最低限额:<gydF4y2Baspan class="equation" id="eq2"> <svg height="146.52499" id="M33" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 146.52499" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,146.525)"> <g transform="translate(72,45.22)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,109.06,35.69)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.76" y="-23.690001"> ⎛</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.76" y="-12.94"> ⎜</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.76" y="-2.1900001"> ⎜</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.76" y="8.5600004"> ⎜</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.76" y="19.32"> ⎜</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.76" y="30.01"> ⎝</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.110001" y="-27.16"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.715551" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,155.43,59.72)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.5640001" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,186.28,62.85)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,195.54,59.72)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.5640001" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,219.67,62.85)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ⋯</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.356323" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,255.29,59.72)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.5640001" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="14.011952" y="0"> −</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="20.007072" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,146.17,45.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,155.43,42.24)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.5640001" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,186.28,45.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,195.54,42.24)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.5640001" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,219.67,45.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ⋯</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.356323" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,255.29,42.24)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.5640001" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="14.011952" y="0"> −</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="20.007072" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,149.69,27.88)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-10.24" y="17.49"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ⋯</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="106.58" y="0"> ⋯</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,148.7,7.27)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="7.4479518" y="0"> −</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="13.443072" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="17.819073" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="20.007072" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,179.56,10.39)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,188.82,7.27)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="7.4479518" y="0"> −</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="13.443072" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="17.819073" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="20.007072" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,219.67,10.39)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ⋯</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.642214" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,248.57,7.27)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="7.4479518" y="0"> −</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="13.443072" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="17.819073" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="20.007072" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="27.455025" y="0"> −</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="33.450146" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,286.89,59.38)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ⎞</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="10.75"> ⎟</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="21.5"> ⎟</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="32.25"> ⎟</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="43.009998"> ⎟</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="53.700001"> ⎠</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.71" y="23.690001"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,160.13,-11.67)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="7.4479518" y="0"> −</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="13.443072" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,160.97,-34.17)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,162.5,-41.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.7169924" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,177.95,-27.62)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,187.21,-30.74)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.9098721" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,200.02,-27.62)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ≤</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.75474" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,234.95,-11.67)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="7.4479518" y="0"> −</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="13.443072" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,235.79,-34.17)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,237.16,-41.06)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.4045279" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.3996477" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,252.77,-27.62)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,262.03,-30.74)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.9098721" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,274.84,-27.62)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ≤</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.75474" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="199.28" y="-37.880001"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="203.4435" y="-37.880001"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="209.69499" y="-37.880001"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></p> <p>考虑两个经典的基础理论领域的图论和组合数学、总结(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B10">10</gydF4y2Baa>,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B18">16</gydF4y2Baa>- - - - - -<gydF4y2Baa href="#B23">21</gydF4y2Baa>]。定理<gydF4y2Baa href="#thm1">1</gydF4y2Baa>州,任何整数矩阵的一个最大的行或列的总和<gydF4y2Bai>F</gydF4y2Bai>可以表示为的总和<gydF4y2Bai>F</gydF4y2Bai>置换矩阵。定理<gydF4y2Baa href="#thm2">2</gydF4y2Baa>指出,任何双重子随机或随机矩阵可以分解成一个凸集的排列矩阵和权重。所有的矩阵分解算法综述部分<gydF4y2Baa href="#sec3">3</gydF4y2Baa>尝试利用上面的两个定理。它们都是基于给定的流量率矩阵的分解成一个凸集的成分排列矩阵和相关的权重,这样排列矩阵的加权总和等于原来的交通速度矩阵。不幸的是,在组合数学问题很难有效地解决,由于大量的组合,必须考虑在任何解决方案。如部分所示<gydF4y2Baa href="#sec3">3</gydF4y2Baa>,调度问题的交通在最短时间达到零抖动是np困难的。所有的算法综述部分<gydF4y2Baa href="#sec3">3</gydF4y2Baa>(BVN算法除外)需要引入”<gydF4y2Bai>加速</gydF4y2Bai>”开关实现分解,这限制了其实用性。BVN分解不需要加速,但其复杂性<gydF4y2Basvg height="16.674999" id="M34" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:50.974998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 50.974998 16.674999" width="50.974998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.675)"> <g transform="translate(72,-58.66)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,60.93)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.1521959" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.315695" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-46.87,65.93)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 4</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.5640001" y="0"> 5</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-35.43,60.93)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>串行处理器上,这被认为是棘手的,因为目前的互联网路由器必须计算分解速度每秒100 - 300置换矩阵。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>的<gydF4y2Bai>递归的公平随机矩阵分解</gydF4y2Bai>算法提出了(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B10">10</gydF4y2Baa>)是一种有效的确定性算法将一个容许交通率矩阵分解为一笔置换矩阵的约束下统一加速。让<gydF4y2Basvg height="13.45" id="M35" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:51.700001px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 51.700001 13.45" width="51.700001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.45)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.4267821" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.590281" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.155796" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.357044" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.083897" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>表示问题的调度一个容许量子化的流量率矩阵<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.325" id="M36" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:17.237499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.237499 10.325" width="17.237499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>到一个调度框架的长度<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.325" id="M37" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:12.05px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 12.05 10.325" width="12.05" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>时间槽,如图<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijdmb/2010/169140/fig5/" target="_blank">5</gydF4y2Baa>。特别是,一个整数矩阵<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.325" id="M38" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:17.237499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.237499 10.325" width="17.237499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>最大的行或列的总和<gydF4y2Bai>F</gydF4y2Bai>必须划分为两个整数矩阵<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.6875" id="M39" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:23.65px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 23.65 10.6875" width="23.65" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.6875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.45)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.565515" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.6875" id="M40" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:23.65px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 23.65 10.6875" width="23.65" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.6875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.45)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.565515" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,每一个都有最大的行或列的总和<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.9125" id="M41" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:21.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 21.9375 10.9125" width="21.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.7268538" y="0"> /</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.202688" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。更具体地说,调度问题<gydF4y2Basvg height="13.45" id="M42" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:51.700001px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 51.700001 13.45" width="51.700001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.45)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.4267821" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.590281" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.155796" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.357044" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.083897" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>必须递归分解成2小调度问题<gydF4y2Basvg height="13.45" id="M43" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:71.662498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 71.662498 13.45" width="71.662498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.45)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.4267821" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.590281" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.155796" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.407295" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.608543" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="43.3354" y="0"> /</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="46.811234" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="53.062733" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<gydF4y2Basvg height="13.45" id="M44" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:71.662498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 71.662498 13.45" width="71.662498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.45)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.4267821" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.590281" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.155796" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.407295" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.608543" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="43.3354" y="0"> /</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="46.811234" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="53.062733" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,比如整数矩阵<gydF4y2Basvg height="11.325" id="M45" style="vertical-align:-0.51414pt;width:101.325px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 101.325 11.325" width="101.325" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.94)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.565515" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.592682" y="0"> +</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.932903" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.498417" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="55.22575" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="67.253639" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,在那里<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.6875" id="M46" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:23.65px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 23.65 10.6875" width="23.65" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.6875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.45)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.565515" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.6875" id="M47" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:23.65px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 23.65 10.6875" width="23.65" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.6875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.45)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.565515" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>可容许整数交通率矩阵,呢<gydF4y2Basvg height="12.675" id="M48" style="vertical-align:-2.34499pt;width:7.1374998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 7.1374998 12.675" width="7.1374998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.675)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.86)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.7375" id="M49" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt;width:8.6000004px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.6000004 10.7375" width="8.6000004" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.7375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.41)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>在哪里<gydF4y2Basvg height="13.6125" id="M50" style="vertical-align:-2.34499pt;width:67.5px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 67.5 13.6125" width="67.5" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.6125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.11)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.7148314" y="0"> ≤</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.75522" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.094721" y="0"> ≤</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.135109" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<gydF4y2Basvg height="12.3" id="M51" style="vertical-align:-1.29163pt;width:69.887497px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 69.887497 12.3" width="69.887497" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.3)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.16)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.7148314" y="0"> ≤</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.75522" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.007679" y="0"> ≤</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="44.048069" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,然后<gydF4y2Basvg height="13.6125" id="M52" style="vertical-align:-2.34499pt;width:154.41251px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 154.41251 13.6125" width="154.41251" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.6125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.11)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.565515" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.817015" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.980515" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.844181" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.045429" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.822056" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="47.461388" y="0"> ≤</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="59.501778" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="72.067291" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="78.318794" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="82.482292" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="87.345955" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="92.547203" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="99.32383" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="106.2755" y="0"> +</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="117.61572" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<gydF4y2Basvg height="13.6125" id="M53" style="vertical-align:-2.34499pt;width:154.41251px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 154.41251 13.6125" width="154.41251" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.6125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.11)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.565515" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.817015" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.980515" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.844181" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.045429" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.822056" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="47.461388" y="0"> ≤</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="59.501778" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="72.067291" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="78.318794" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="82.482292" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="87.345955" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="92.547203" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="99.32383" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="106.2755" y="0"> +</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="117.61572" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>为<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.8625" id="M54" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt;width:33.8125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 33.8125 10.8625" width="33.8125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.8625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.31)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.6520758" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.692465" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。这一步一个整数矩阵分割成2整数矩阵是组合数学的一个问题。RFSMD算法达到分解通过将一个组合问题转换为另一个组合问题最近提议的解决方案。特别是,分解一个整数矩阵的问题相对比较成2整数矩阵转化为路由的问题排列在一个rearrangeably非阻塞交换网络(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B10">10</gydF4y2Baa>]。排列组合问题的一种有效算法路由rearrangeable网络提出了在<gydF4y2Baa href="#B10">10</gydF4y2Baa>]。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>的递归性质RFSMD算法产生一个非常有效的分解。的分解<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.725" id="M55" style="vertical-align:-0.3135pt;width:45.075001px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 45.075001 10.725" width="45.075001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.725)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.42)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.415719" y="0"> ×</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.193304" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>整数矩阵的一个最大的行或列的总和<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.325" id="M56" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:12.05px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 12.05 10.325" width="12.05" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>可以实现在<gydF4y2Bai>O (NF</gydF4y2Bai>罗<gydF4y2Bai>g (NF))</gydF4y2Bai>时间。分解的收益率<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.325" id="M57" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:12.05px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 12.05 10.325" width="12.05" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>排列或两偶图的匹配,可以配置的开关<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.325" id="M58" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:12.05px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 12.05 10.325" width="12.05" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>时间槽。每个计算排列的计算复杂度<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.325" id="M59" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:14.8375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 14.8375 10.325" width="14.8375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>因此,元素<gydF4y2Bai>O (N</gydF4y2Bai>罗<gydF4y2Bai>g (NF))</gydF4y2Bai>时间在一个串行处理器,这是接近最优。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>RFSMD算法还分区每个矩阵<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.325" id="M60" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:17.237499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.237499 10.325" width="17.237499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>相对公平,所以这两个较小的矩阵<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.6875" id="M61" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:23.65px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 23.65 10.6875" width="23.65" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.6875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.45)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.565515" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.6875" id="M62" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:23.65px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 23.65 10.6875" width="23.65" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.6875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.45)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.565515" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>最多相差1在任何位置。因此,原始的交通调度问题预计超过2小的相对公平调度问题。这个相对公平的递归分区导致绑定任何交通流的最大抖动,和绑定的<gydF4y2Bai>最大规范化服务领先</gydF4y2Bai>或<gydF4y2Bai>最大规范化服务滞后</gydF4y2Bai>对于任何预定交通流(这些术语的正式定义下一个段落)。有界规范化服务领先/落后可用于创建端到端界限QoS每预定交通流,提前将显示。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>一步分解为4<gydF4y2Basvg height="8.7875004" id="M63" style="vertical-align:-0.3135pt;width:10.125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 10.125 8.7875004" width="10.125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,8.7875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-64.97)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,65.34)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ×</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>4矩阵操作在99.2%负载与团结加速所示(<gydF4y2Baa href="#EEq2">3</gydF4y2Baa>)。给定一个<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.725" id="M64" style="vertical-align:-0.3135pt;width:45.075001px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 45.075001 10.725" width="45.075001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.725)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.42)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.415719" y="0"> ×</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.193304" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>开关和一个固定的调度框架长度<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.325" id="M65" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:12.05px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 12.05 10.325" width="12.05" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,<gydF4y2Bai>RFSMD</gydF4y2Bai>矩阵分解算法(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B10">10</gydF4y2Baa>)范围<gydF4y2Bai>规范化服务领先</gydF4y2Bai>和<gydF4y2Bai>服务滞后</gydF4y2Bai>聚合交通离开<gydF4y2Bai>节点</gydF4y2Bai>来<gydF4y2Basvg height="12.175" id="M66" style="vertical-align:-1.29163pt;width:73.5px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 73.5 12.175" width="73.5" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.175)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.26)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ≤</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.580177" y="0"> ⋅</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.944204" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.945644" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.947086" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="49.824455" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>时段为常数<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.325" id="M67" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:13.2875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 13.2875 10.325" width="13.2875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,在那里<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.325" id="M68" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:38.575001px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 38.575001 10.325" width="38.575001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.00144" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.00288" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.880251" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>代表了”<gydF4y2Bai>理想Interdeparture时间</gydF4y2Bai>“对于细胞属于聚合的交通优势。此外,绑定适用于所有个人交通流遍历每个竞争优势,提供细胞选择服务在每个VOQ根据GPS调度算法<gydF4y2Baspan class="equation" id="EEq2"> <svg height="173.72501" id="M69" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 173.72501" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,173.725)"> <g transform="translate(72,66.98)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,90.57,56.89)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ⎡</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="11.86"> ⎢</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="23.73"> ⎢</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="35.599998"> ⎢</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="47.41"> ⎣</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="98.57" y="-1.4210855e-014"> ⎤</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="98.57" y="11.86"> ⎥</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="98.57" y="23.73"> ⎥</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="98.57" y="35.599998"> ⎥</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="98.57" y="47.41"> ⎦</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="107.67" y="20.540001"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="119.71" y="-7.1054274e-015"> ⎡</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="119.71" y="11.86"> ⎢</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="119.71" y="23.73"> ⎢</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="119.71" y="35.599998"> ⎢</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="119.71" y="47.41"> ⎣</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="218.28999" y="-2.8421709e-014"> ⎤</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="218.28999" y="11.86"> ⎥</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="218.28999" y="23.73"> ⎥</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="218.28999" y="35.599998"> ⎥</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="218.28999" y="47.41"> ⎦</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="116.94" y="94.470001"> +</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="128.28" y="73.919998"> ⎡</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="128.28" y="85.790001"> ⎢</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="128.28" y="97.650002"> ⎢</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="128.28" y="109.52"> ⎢</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="128.28" y="121.33"> ⎣</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="226.86" y="73.919998"> ⎤</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="226.86" y="85.790001"> ⎥</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="226.86" y="97.650002"> ⎥</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="226.86" y="109.52"> ⎥</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="226.86" y="121.33"> ⎦</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.6199999" y="-6.3099999"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.8715" y="-6.3099999"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.122999" y="-6.3099999"> 6</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.350933" y="-6.3099999"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.602432" y="-6.3099999"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.853935" y="-6.3099999"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="55.081867" y="-6.3099999"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="61.333366" y="-6.3099999"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="67.584869" y="-6.3099999"> 6</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="79.812805" y="-6.3099999"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="86.064301" y="-6.3099999"> 4</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="92.315804" y="-6.3099999"> 5</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.6199999" y="11.18"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.8715" y="11.18"> 7</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.122999" y="11.18"> 7</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.350933" y="11.18"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.602432" y="11.18"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.853935" y="11.18"> 6</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="55.081867" y="11.18"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="61.333366" y="11.18"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="67.584869" y="11.18"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="79.812805" y="11.18"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="86.064301" y="11.18"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="92.315804" y="11.18"> 6</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.6199999" y="28.66"> 4</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.8715" y="28.66"> 5</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.122999" y="28.66"> 9</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.350933" y="28.66"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.602432" y="28.66"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.853935" y="28.66"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="55.081867" y="28.66"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="61.333366" y="28.66"> 8</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="67.584869" y="28.66"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="79.812805" y="28.66"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="86.064301" y="28.66"> 4</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="92.315804" y="28.66"> 7</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.6199999" y="46.150002"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.8715" y="46.150002"> 8</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.122999" y="46.150002"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.350933" y="46.150002"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.602432" y="46.150002"> 5</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.853935" y="46.150002"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="55.081867" y="46.150002"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="61.333366" y="46.150002"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="67.584869" y="46.150002"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="79.812805" y="46.150002"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="86.064301" y="46.150002"> 7</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="92.315804" y="46.150002"> 8</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="128.46001" y="-6.3099999"> 5</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="134.7115" y="-6.3099999"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="150.06519" y="-6.3099999"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="156.31668" y="-6.3099999"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="162.56819" y="-6.3099999"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="174.79611" y="-6.3099999"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="181.04762" y="-6.3099999"> 6</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="187.29912" y="-6.3099999"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="199.52705" y="-6.3099999"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="205.77855" y="-6.3099999"> 7</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="212.03004" y="-6.3099999"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="128.46001" y="11.18"> 8</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="134.7115" y="11.18"> 8</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="150.06519" y="11.18"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="156.31668" y="11.18"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="162.56819" y="11.18"> 8</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="174.79611" y="11.18"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="181.04762" y="11.18"> 5</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="187.29912" y="11.18"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="199.52705" y="11.18"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="205.77855" y="11.18"> 6</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="212.03004" y="11.18"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="125.34" y="28.66"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="131.59151" y="28.66"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="137.843" y="28.66"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="150.05843" y="28.66"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="156.30994" y="28.66"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="162.56143" y="28.66"> 6</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="177.92761" y="28.66"> 9</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="184.17912" y="28.66"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="202.65855" y="28.66"> 7</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="208.91005" y="28.66"> 4</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="125.34" y="46.150002"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="131.59151" y="46.150002"> 4</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="137.843" y="46.150002"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="150.05843" y="46.150002"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="156.30994" y="46.150002"> 7</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="162.56143" y="46.150002"> 6</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="174.80186" y="46.150002"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="181.05338" y="46.150002"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="187.30487" y="46.150002"> 5</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="202.65855" y="46.150002"> 8</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="208.91005" y="46.150002"> 9</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="137.03999" y="67.610001"> 5</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="143.2915" y="67.610001"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="158.63268" y="67.610001"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="164.88419" y="67.610001"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="171.13568" y="67.610001"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="183.36362" y="67.610001"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="189.61511" y="67.610001"> 6</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="195.86661" y="67.610001"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="208.10706" y="67.610001"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="214.35855" y="67.610001"> 7</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="220.61005" y="67.610001"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="137.03999" y="85.099998"> 8</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="143.2915" y="85.099998"> 9</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="158.63268" y="85.099998"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="164.88419" y="85.099998"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="171.13568" y="85.099998"> 8</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="183.36362" y="85.099998"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="189.61511" y="85.099998"> 5</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="195.86661" y="85.099998"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="208.10706" y="85.099998"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="214.35855" y="85.099998"> 6</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="220.61005" y="85.099998"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="133.91" y="102.58"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="140.1615" y="102.58"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="146.41299" y="102.58"> 9</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="158.64093" y="102.58"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="164.89244" y="102.58"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="171.14394" y="102.58"> 6</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="186.49762" y="102.58"> 9</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="192.74911" y="102.58"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="211.22855" y="102.58"> 7</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="217.48006" y="102.58"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="133.91" y="120.07"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="140.1615" y="120.07"> 4</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="146.41299" y="120.07"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="158.64093" y="120.07"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="164.89244" y="120.07"> 7</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="171.14394" y="120.07"> 6</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="183.37187" y="120.07"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="189.62337" y="120.07"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="195.87486" y="120.07"> 6</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="211.22855" y="120.07"> 8</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="217.48006" y="120.07"> 9</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="232.49001" y="57.509998"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="383.54999" y="57.509998"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="387.7135" y="57.509998"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="393.965" y="57.509998"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></p> <p>每个较小的调度问题包含大约一半的原始时间段预订请求,并为小调度框架的长度<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.9125" id="M70" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:21.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 21.9375 10.9125" width="21.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.7268538" y="0"> /</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.202688" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>时段实现这些预订请求,如图<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijdmb/2010/169140/fig5/" target="_blank">5</gydF4y2Baa>。相对公平的递归分区结果的重复应用在一个序列的部分或全部置换矩阵确定智商开关配置,称为帧传输进度。由于相对公平的递归分区,服务交通流接收在框架的每一半进度会相对公平,和延迟抖动将相对较小。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>从[以下的几个定义<gydF4y2Baa href="#B10">10</gydF4y2Baa>)将是有用的解释部分的仿真结果提交<gydF4y2Baa href="#sec6">6</gydF4y2Baa>。</gydF4y2Bap> <p><span class="statement" id="deff1"><span class="statement-title"><i class="statement-title">定义1。</gydF4y2Bai></span>一个“<gydF4y2Bai>帧传输调度</gydF4y2Bai>的长度<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.325" id="M71" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:12.05px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 12.05 10.325" width="12.05" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>是一个序列的部分或全部置换矩阵(或载体),定义的纵横开关配置<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.325" id="M72" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:12.05px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 12.05 10.325" width="12.05" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>时段内调度框架。给定一个线率<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.325" id="M73" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:11.1875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.1875 10.325" width="11.1875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>、帧长度<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.325" id="M74" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:12.05px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 12.05 10.325" width="12.05" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>取决于所需的最小带宽保留配额<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.9125" id="M75" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:42.512501px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 42.512501 10.9125" width="42.512501" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.880011" y="0"> /</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.355844" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。设置带宽保留的最低限额<gydF4y2Basvg height="12.7625" id="M76" style="vertical-align:-1.29163pt;width:34.662498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 34.662498 12.7625" width="34.662498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.7625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.79)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.12)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ≤</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> %</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>的<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.325" id="M77" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:11.1875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.1875 10.325" width="11.1875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,设置<gydF4y2Basvg height="12.3" id="M78" style="vertical-align:-1.29163pt;width:52.612499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 52.612499 12.3" width="52.612499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.3)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.16)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.190185" y="0"> ≥</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.230574" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.482075" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.733574" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg><i>,</gydF4y2Bai>也就是说,<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.9125" id="M79" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:52.612499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 52.612499 10.9125" width="52.612499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.190185" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.230574" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.482075" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.733574" y="0"> 8</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。</gydF4y2Baspan></p> <p><span class="statement" id="deff2"><span class="statement-title"><i class="statement-title">定义2。</gydF4y2Bai></span>“<gydF4y2Bai>理想Interdeparture时间</gydF4y2Bai>”表示<gydF4y2Bai>IIDT</gydF4y2Bai> <svg height="13.6125" id="M80" style="vertical-align:-2.34499pt;width:27.987499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 27.987499 13.6125" width="27.987499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.6125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.11)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0519323" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.25318" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.116846" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>一双GR IO之间流动的细胞<gydF4y2Basvg height="13.6125" id="M81" style="vertical-align:-2.34499pt;width:27.987499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 27.987499 13.6125" width="27.987499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.6125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.11)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0519323" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.25318" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.116846" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>与量化率<gydF4y2Basvg height="13.6125" id="M82" style="vertical-align:-2.34499pt;width:39.549999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 39.549999 13.6125" width="39.549999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.6125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.11)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.2522202" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.415719" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.304152" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.5054" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.369066" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>时间段预订的帧长度<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.325" id="M83" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:12.05px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 12.05 10.325" width="12.05" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,因为一条线<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.325" id="M84" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:11.1875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.1875 10.325" width="11.1875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>在字节/秒和固定大小的细胞<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.6125" id="M85" style="vertical-align:-0.15048pt;width:11.8625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.8625 10.6125" width="11.8625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.6125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.51)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.71)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>字节,是由:<gydF4y2Basvg height="13.6125" id="M86" style="vertical-align:-2.34499pt;width:136.75px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 136.75 13.6125" width="136.75" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.6125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.11)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.00144" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.00288" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.880251" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.756901" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.920399" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.80883" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.010078" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="46.873749" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="54.513081" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="66.553467" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="74.280319" y="0"> /</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="77.756157" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="87.008377" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="91.171875" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="95.06031" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="100.26156" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="105.12522" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>时段,每个时间<gydF4y2Basvg height="13.45" id="M87" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:36.424999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 36.424999 13.45" width="36.424999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.45)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.553012" y="0"> /</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.028847" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.88097" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>秒。(下标将压制在可能的情况下)。</gydF4y2Baspan></p> <p><span class="statement" id="deff3"><span class="statement-title"><i class="statement-title">定义3。</gydF4y2Bai></span>“<gydF4y2Bai>理想的服务时间</gydF4y2Bai>”(ST)的细胞<gydF4y2Basvg height="13.6125" id="M88" style="vertical-align:-2.34499pt;width:92.625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 92.625 13.6125" width="92.625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.6125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.11)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.7148314" y="0"> ≤</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.75522" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.4198" y="0"> ≤</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.46019" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="51.712406" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="55.875908" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="59.764339" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="64.965591" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="69.829254" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>在一对GR IO之间流动<gydF4y2Basvg height="13.6125" id="M89" style="vertical-align:-2.34499pt;width:27.987499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 27.987499 13.6125" width="27.987499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.6125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.11)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0519323" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.25318" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.116846" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>与一个<gydF4y2Bai>理想Interdeparture时间</gydF4y2Bai>的<gydF4y2Basvg height="13.6125" id="M90" style="vertical-align:-2.34499pt;width:63.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 63.9375 13.6125" width="63.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.6125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.11)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.00144" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.00288" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.880251" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.756901" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.920399" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.80883" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.010078" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="46.873749" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>是由<gydF4y2Basvg height="14.45" id="M91" style="vertical-align:-2.34499pt;width:120.65px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 120.65 14.45" width="120.65" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.45)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.44)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,62.83)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.1269503" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.46693" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.670818" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-31.65,67.83)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ∗</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-26.58,62.83)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.00144" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.00288" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.880251" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.756901" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.920399" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.80883" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.010078" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="46.873749" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>时间槽。</gydF4y2Baspan></p> <p><span class="statement" id="deff4"><span class="statement-title"><i class="statement-title">定义4。</gydF4y2Bai></span>“<gydF4y2Bai>收到服务</gydF4y2Bai>“流动的量子化的保证<gydF4y2Basvg height="13.6125" id="M92" style="vertical-align:-2.34499pt;width:39.549999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 39.549999 13.6125" width="39.549999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.6125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.11)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.2522202" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.415719" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.304152" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.5054" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.369066" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>在时间段<gydF4y2Basvg height="9.125" id="M93" style="vertical-align:-0.11285pt;width:5.0124998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 5.0124998 9.125" width="5.0124998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,9.125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-64.7)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.86)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>在一个帧的长度<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.325" id="M94" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:12.05px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 12.05 10.325" width="12.05" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,表示<gydF4y2Basvg height="13.6125" id="M95" style="vertical-align:-2.34499pt;width:36.525002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 36.525002 13.6125" width="36.525002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.6125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.11)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.1269503" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.015383" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.879049" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.042549" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.955988" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,等于在时段置换矩阵的数量<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.8625" id="M96" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt;width:33.674999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 33.674999 10.8625" width="33.674999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.8625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.31)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.3269978" y="0"> …</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.917999" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,在那里<gydF4y2Basvg height="12.3" id="M97" style="vertical-align:-1.29163pt;width:63.537498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 63.537498 12.3" width="63.537498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.3)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.16)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.7148314" y="0"> ≤</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.75522" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.144493" y="0"> ≤</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="41.184883" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>中,输入端口<gydF4y2Basvg height="9.9250002" id="M98" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt;width:4.9875002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 4.9875002 9.9250002" width="4.9875002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,9.925)"> <g transform="translate(72,-64.06)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>输出端口匹配吗<gydF4y2Basvg height="12.675" id="M99" style="vertical-align:-2.34499pt;width:7.1374998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 7.1374998 12.675" width="7.1374998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.675)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.86)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。</gydF4y2Baspan></p> <p><span class="statement" id="deff5"><span class="statement-title"><i class="statement-title">定义5。</gydF4y2Bai></span>“<gydF4y2Bai>服务滞后</gydF4y2Bai>“输入端口之间的流动<gydF4y2Basvg height="9.9250002" id="M100" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt;width:4.9875002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 4.9875002 9.9250002" width="4.9875002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,9.925)"> <g transform="translate(72,-64.06)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和输出端口<gydF4y2Basvg height="12.675" id="M101" style="vertical-align:-2.34499pt;width:7.1374998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 7.1374998 12.675" width="7.1374998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.675)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.86)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>在时间段<gydF4y2Basvg height="9.125" id="M102" style="vertical-align:-0.11285pt;width:5.0124998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 5.0124998 9.125" width="5.0124998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,9.125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-64.7)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.86)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>在一个帧的长度<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.325" id="M103" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:12.05px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 12.05 10.325" width="12.05" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,表示<gydF4y2Basvg height="13.6125" id="M104" style="vertical-align:-2.34499pt;width:37.424999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 37.424999 13.6125" width="37.424999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.6125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.11)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.8521242" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.740557" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.604223" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.767723" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.681162" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,等于请求的量子化的GR的区别所致<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.9125" id="M105" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:21.2875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 21.2875 10.9125" width="21.2875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="3.913439" y="0"> /</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.3892732" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>在时间段,接收到的服务<gydF4y2Basvg height="9.125" id="M106" style="vertical-align:-0.11285pt;width:5.0124998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 5.0124998 9.125" width="5.0124998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,9.125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-64.7)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.86)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,也就是说,<gydF4y2Basvg height="13.6125" id="M107" style="vertical-align:-2.34499pt;width:177.9875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 177.9875 13.6125" width="177.9875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.6125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.11)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.8521242" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.740557" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.604223" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.767723" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.681162" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.307991" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.348381" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="53.47533" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="57.363766" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="62.227432" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="66.39093" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="70.304367" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="77.24353" y="0"> −</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="88.583755" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="92.747253" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="96.66069" y="0"> /</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="100.13653" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="107.87589" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="112.03938" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="121.2916" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="125.18004" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="130.0437" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="134.2072" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="138.12064" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg><i>。</gydF4y2Bai>积极服务滞后表示情况收到服务小于所请求的服务,也就是说,一个细胞比其理想服务时间晚到达。-服务滞后是一个服务领先,接收到的服务超过了所请求的服务,也就是说,一个细胞到达早于其理想的服务时间。的<gydF4y2Bai>规范化服务领先/落后</gydF4y2Bai>流f等于服务领先/落后流<gydF4y2Basvg height="13.4875" id="M108" style="vertical-align:-2.34499pt;width:10.675px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 10.675 13.4875" width="10.675" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.4875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.21)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>除以IIDT流<gydF4y2Basvg height="13.4875" id="M109" style="vertical-align:-2.34499pt;width:10.675px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 10.675 13.4875" width="10.675" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.4875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.21)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。</gydF4y2Baspan></p> <p>考虑一个离散时间排队模型,时间是所有流和规范化是对每个流表示IIDT而言。下面的符号呈现在<gydF4y2Baa href="#B11">11</gydF4y2Baa>使用)。交通流量的累积到达曲线<gydF4y2Basvg height="13.4875" id="M110" style="vertical-align:-2.34499pt;width:10.675px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 10.675 13.4875" width="10.675" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.4875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.21)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>据说符合吗<gydF4y2Basvg height="13.55" id="M111" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:57.1875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 57.1875 13.55" width="57.1875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.55)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.16)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.8766499" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.040149" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.804272" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.00552" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.982195" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.195946" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="41.484955" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>表示,<gydF4y2Basvg height="16.5" id="M112" style="vertical-align:-4.77652pt;width:19.3375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 19.3375 16.5" width="19.3375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.5)"> <g transform="translate(72,-58.8)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.61)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.99,60.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>:<gydF4y2Basvg height="13.55" id="M113" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:57.1875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 57.1875 13.55" width="57.1875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.55)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.16)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.8766499" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.040149" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.804272" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.00552" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.982195" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.195946" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="41.484955" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>如果细胞平均到达率<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.8125" id="M114" style="vertical-align:-0.20064pt;width:8.5749998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.5749998 10.8125" width="8.5749998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.8125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.35)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>细胞/秒,突然到达率<gydF4y2Basvg height="13.425" id="M115" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:32.349998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 32.349998 13.425" width="32.349998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.425)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.26)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ≤</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.00456" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>细胞/秒,最大规范化服务领先/落后<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.7375" id="M116" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt;width:7.9875002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 7.9875002 10.7375" width="7.9875002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.7375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.41)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。类似的符号是用来累积离职和累积服务。在任何IP路由器,累积曲线<gydF4y2Basvg height="13.4875" id="M117" style="vertical-align:-2.34499pt;width:10.675px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 10.675 13.4875" width="10.675" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.4875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.21)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>据说“<gydF4y2Bai>跟踪”</gydF4y2Bai>累计服务曲线<gydF4y2Basvg height="13.4875" id="M118" style="vertical-align:-2.34499pt;width:10.675px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 10.675 13.4875" width="10.675" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.4875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.21)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>当细胞离职都受制于计划服务机会。这种情况发生在流<gydF4y2Bai>f</gydF4y2Bai>排队细胞在<gydF4y2Bai>VOQ (j, k)</gydF4y2Bai>。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>以下四个定理是成立于(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B11">11</gydF4y2Baa>]。假设每个交通流是承认一个IP / MPLS网络的<gydF4y2Bai>特定于应用程序的令牌桶流量整形器队列(ASSQ),</gydF4y2Bai>和有一个最大的规范化服务领先/落后<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.325" id="M119" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:13.2875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 13.2875 10.325" width="13.2875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>细胞。每个路由器的流量率矩阵等资源预约协议更新回复,IntServ或DiffServ。每一个<gydF4y2Bai>IP路由器</gydF4y2Bai>预计使用提出的<gydF4y2Bai>RFSMD</gydF4y2Bai>算法的最大规范化服务领先/落后<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.325" id="M120" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:13.2875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 13.2875 10.325" width="13.2875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>细胞。我们假设固定大小的细胞,与任何合理的单元格大小,然而类似范围申请大小可变的IP包的情况下。</gydF4y2Bap> <p><span class="statement" id="thm1"><span class="statement-title">定理1。</gydF4y2Baspan><i>给定一个流<gydF4y2Basvg height="13.4875" id="M121" style="vertical-align:-2.34499pt;width:10.675px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 10.675 13.4875" width="10.675" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.4875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.21)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>遍历VOQ (j, k)在一个时间间隔<gydF4y2Basvg height="13.125" id="M122" style="vertical-align:-1.95624pt;width:57.137501px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 57.137501 13.125" width="57.137501" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.5)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.37677" y="0"> ∈</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.417158" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.580658" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.832157" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.04591" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="41.447445" y="0"> ]</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,移民<gydF4y2Basvg height="16.5" id="M123" style="vertical-align:-4.77652pt;width:19.3375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 19.3375 16.5" width="19.3375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.5)"> <g transform="translate(72,-58.8)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.61)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.99,60.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>:<gydF4y2Basvg height="13.6125" id="M124" style="vertical-align:-2.34499pt;width:81.949997px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 81.949997 13.6125" width="81.949997" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.6125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.11)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.8766499" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.040149" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.104584" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.268084" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.207249" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.370747" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.571995" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="46.548668" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="51.762421" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="61.289707" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,服务<gydF4y2Basvg height="16.512501" id="M125" style="vertical-align:-4.77652pt;width:18.2875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 18.2875 16.512501" width="18.2875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.5125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-58.79)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.82,60.47)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>:<gydF4y2Basvg height="13.6125" id="M126" style="vertical-align:-2.34499pt;width:75.4375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 75.4375 13.6125" width="75.4375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.6125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.11)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.8766499" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.040149" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.104584" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.268084" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.207249" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.370747" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="41.334919" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="46.548668" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="56.075954" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<gydF4y2Basvg height="13.45" id="M127" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:82px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 82 13.45" width="82" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.45)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 问</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.0271664" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.190665" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.442165" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.068995" y="0"> ≤</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.109383" y="0"> O</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="48.136551" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="52.300049" y="0"> K</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="61.327213" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,然后<gydF4y2Basvg height="13.45" id="M128" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:79.074997px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 79.074997 13.45" width="79.074997" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.45)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 问</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.0271664" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.190665" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.104103" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.730934" y="0"> ≤</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.771324" y="0"> O</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.798489" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="49.961987" y="0"> K</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="58.989155" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。</gydF4y2Bai></span></p> <p><span class="statement" id="thm2"><span class="statement-title">定理2。</gydF4y2Baspan><i>当所有队列中间节点已达到稳定状态,最大的端到端排队延迟的GR流遍历<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.325" id="M129" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:15.175px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 15.175 10.325" width="15.175" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>路由器是<gydF4y2Basvg height="13.45" id="M130" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:97.387497px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 97.387497 13.45" width="97.387497" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.45)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.1521959" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.315695" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.842981" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.758099" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.697266" y="0"> ⋅</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="47.04879" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="53.050228" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="59.05167" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="68.929039" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>时间槽。</gydF4y2Bai></span></p> <p><span class="statement" id="thm3"><span class="statement-title">定理3。</gydF4y2Baspan><i>在稳定状态下,交通流的离职<gydF4y2Basvg height="13.4875" id="M131" style="vertical-align:-2.34499pt;width:10.675px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 10.675 13.4875" width="10.675" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.4875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.21)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>在任何智商的路由器在一个端到端的路径<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.325" id="M132" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:15.175px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 15.175 10.325" width="15.175" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>路由器是由调度约束的机会,并将表现出的最大规范化服务领先/落后<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.325" id="M133" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:13.2875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 13.2875 10.325" width="13.2875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,也就是说,<gydF4y2Basvg height="16.512501" id="M134" style="vertical-align:-4.77652pt;width:18.2875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 18.2875 16.512501" width="18.2875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.5125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-58.79)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.82,60.47)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>:<gydF4y2Basvg height="13.6125" id="M135" style="vertical-align:-2.34499pt;width:75.4375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 75.4375 13.6125" width="75.4375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.6125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.11)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.8766499" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.040149" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.104584" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.268084" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.207249" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.370747" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="41.334919" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="46.548668" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="56.075954" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。流的规范化服务领先/落后不是累积当遍历多个路由器。</gydF4y2Bai></span></p> <p><span class="statement" id="thm4"><span class="statement-title">定理4。</gydF4y2Baspan><i>一个交通流遍历H智商端到端路径上的路由器可以交付给最终用户零推出延迟抖动,当播放缓冲区的大小4 K细胞,也就是说,<gydF4y2Basvg height="16.512501" id="M136" style="vertical-align:-4.77652pt;width:18.2875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 18.2875 16.512501" width="18.2875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.5125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-58.79)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.82,60.47)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>:<gydF4y2Basvg height="13.6125" id="M137" style="vertical-align:-2.34499pt;width:75.4375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 75.4375 13.6125" width="75.4375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.6125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.11)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.8766499" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.040149" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.104584" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.268084" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.207249" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.370747" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="41.334919" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="46.548668" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="56.075954" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。</gydF4y2Bai></span></p> <p>根据定理<gydF4y2Baa href="#thm4">4</gydF4y2Baa>遍历,丛发性IPTV交通流<gydF4y2Bai>H</gydF4y2Bai>智商的端到端路径上的路由器可以交付给最终用户<gydF4y2Bai>零推出延迟抖动</gydF4y2Bai>,当一个适合的特定于应用程序的令牌桶流量整形器使用队列和特定于应用程序的播放队列,如部分所述<gydF4y2Baa href="#sec3">3</gydF4y2Baa>。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>定理<gydF4y2Baa href="#thm1">1</gydF4y2Baa>指出,细胞的数量缓冲任何任何路由器在网络中流量仅限于少量负载高达100%。定理<gydF4y2Baa href="#thm2">2</gydF4y2Baa>州所有的端到端流量不会经历任何拥堵,过度延迟或吞吐量降低。每一个端到端流经验不多,但有效的微不足道的排队延迟在每个路由器相比,当前路由器的技术。定理<gydF4y2Baa href="#thm3">3</gydF4y2Baa>州,规范化服务领先/落后不是累积当遍历多个路由器在任何网络。定理<gydF4y2Baa href="#thm4">4</gydF4y2Baa>州,每一个端到端流量可以在每个交付目的地路由器基本完善的端到端服务质量。特别是,丛发性IPTV交通流传播通过IP网络使用RFSMD调度算法可以完全再生在每个目的地的路线,与零丢包率和零延迟抖动。这四个定理证明实现基本完善的端到端流量可以安排在任何网络QoS拓扑负载高达100%。仿真结果报告部分<gydF4y2Baa href="#sec6">6</gydF4y2Baa>将展示这四个定理。</gydF4y2Bap> <h4 id="backbone-topologies">5。主干拓扑</gydF4y2Bah4> <p>的<gydF4y2Bai>可生存的网络设计库</gydF4y2Bai>(<gydF4y2Bai>SNDlib</gydF4y2Bai>)是一个电信网络图书馆的设计(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B14">12</gydF4y2Baa>]。22岁的库包含数据IP骨干网络和几个每个网络的优化问题。SNDlib提供一系列的真实IP网络拓扑适合可再生的案例研究。本文仿真结果为三个SDNlib网络。我们跟着SNDlib描述的节点位置和链接作业,虽然我们取得了自己的假设IPTV广播树建设、会议要求,和链接能力。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>我们选择了NOBEL-EU GERMANY50,挪威网络模型(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B14">12</gydF4y2Baa>),如图<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijdmb/2010/169140/fig6/" target="_blank">6</gydF4y2Baa>。NOBEL-EU网络覆盖欧洲和有28个节点和41边缘。参考网络诺贝尔源自欧洲项目,详细成本模型是为各种各样的开发SDH和WDM设备(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B14">12</gydF4y2Baa>]。GERMANY50已经提供的88节点和边T-Systems国际AG), NOBEL-GERMANY网络的扩展。挪威网络有27个节点和51边缘和代表一个来自挪威的骨干网。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>我们开发了几个承载IPTV<gydF4y2Bai>交通规范</gydF4y2Bai>为每个网络。在每个交通规范,三分之一的最高学位节点被选中作为IPTV组播树的根。例如,在NOBEL-EU网络有28个节点有9多播树,每个广播100 IPTV交通流。来生成每个交通规范,使用了一个两步的过程。在第一步中,IPTV组播树的路由到网络。<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.9125" id="M138" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:23.5625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 23.5625 10.9125" width="23.5625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> N</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.0271664" y="0"> /</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.503" y="0"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>度最高的节点被选为根的<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.9125" id="M139" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:23.5625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 23.5625 10.9125" width="23.5625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> N</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.0271664" y="0"> /</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.503" y="0"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>树。每个多播树被路由到其他节点的网络,使用距离最短生成树使用迪杰斯特拉算法计算。很多链接网络,特别是中心的拓扑中,把交通从每个<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.9125" id="M140" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:23.5625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 23.5625 10.9125" width="23.5625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> N</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.0271664" y="0"> /</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.503" y="0"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>多播树。在第二步中,添加了背景流量随机选择双节点之间以迭代的方式,基本上饱和网络。在交通规范,我们实现链接的约。99%。在每个迭代中,随机对节点被选中,和节点之间的最短路径延迟计算使用OSPF路由算法。交通被选近饱和流率端到端路径,和流将会确认。随着网络负载接近100%,越来越难路线任何额外的流,因为所有链接方法饱和。过去迭代,因此,多个1-hop流量增加了相邻节点之间有效的网络,所以每个链接都有大约99%的负荷。指图<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijdmb/2010/169140/fig4/" target="_blank">4</gydF4y2Baa>,链接加载用于我们的3网络模拟是99.2%,99.2%,98.6%。</gydF4y2Bap> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig4"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig4"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="169140.fig.004" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/ijdmb/volume-2010/169140/figures/169140.fig.004.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图4</gydF4y2Baspan> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijdmb/2010/169140/fig4/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> 平均负载的链接。</gydF4y2Batable> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig5"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig5"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="169140.fig.005" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/ijdmb/volume-2010/169140/figures/169140.fig.005.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图5</gydF4y2Baspan> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijdmb/2010/169140/fig5/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> 递归问题P (M F)的调度矩阵M与F时段调度框架。</gydF4y2Batable> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig6"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig6"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(一)”name="169140.fig.006a" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/ijdmb/volume-2010/169140/figures/169140.fig.006a.jpg"> <br> <strong>(一)</gydF4y2Bastrong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(b)”name="169140.fig.006b" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/ijdmb/volume-2010/169140/figures/169140.fig.006b.jpg"> <br> <strong>(b)</gydF4y2Bastrong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(c)”name="169140.fig.006c" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/ijdmb/volume-2010/169140/figures/169140.fig.006c.jpg"> <br> <strong>(c)</gydF4y2Bastrong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs fig-thumbs-fig6"> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(a)"><img alt="(一)”name="169140.fig.006a" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/ijdmb/volume-2010/169140/figures/169140.fig.006a.jpg"><br><strong>(一)</gydF4y2Bastrong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(b)"><img alt="(b)”name="169140.fig.006b" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/ijdmb/volume-2010/169140/figures/169140.fig.006b.jpg"><br><strong>(b)</gydF4y2Bastrong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(c)"><img alt="(c)”name="169140.fig.006c" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/ijdmb/volume-2010/169140/figures/169140.fig.006c.jpg"><br><strong>(c)</gydF4y2Bastrong></button> </div> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev fig-nav-fig6"> <button class="carousel-prev" aria-label="Previous"></button> <button class="carousel-next" aria-label="Next"></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图6</gydF4y2Baspan> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijdmb/2010/169140/fig6/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> 三个网络拓扑,每个显示三个典型的多播树。大胆的IPTV组播树的根节点。</gydF4y2Batable> </div> </div> </div> <p>每个交通规范代表极其沉重的负担,而不是在实践中可能会遇到的。资源预约协议等回复,IntServ或DiffServ被用来储备缓冲空间和带宽以及网络中每个路由器和链接。这些保留导致创建一个容许交通率矩阵每个路由器的网络。每个路由器的流量率矩阵,然后使用RFSMD调度算法。网络模拟,收集统计数据的端到端QoS每个交通流,包括IPTV组播流量和背景流量。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>众多交通规范生成、路由和模拟三个选定的网络拓扑。图<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijdmb/2010/169140/fig6/" target="_blank">6</gydF4y2Baa>3说明了典型的多播树拓扑检查,也就是说,NOBEL-EU,挪威和GERMANY50拓扑。所有的网络模拟显示本质上相同的结果,所以我们现在交通规范的详细模拟在两个网络,NOBEL-EU和GERMANY50网络。NOBEL-EU网络有28个节点,41个链接,和9 IPTV组播树,每个多播100 IPTV频道所有其他节点。选择交通规范导致321年NOBEL-EU网络流量,平均距离5啤酒花和14啤酒花的最大距离。链路负载平均约为99%。GERMANY50网络有50个节点,88个链接,和16个IPTV组播树,每个多播100 IPTV频道所有其他节点。选择交通规范结果693年流量GERMANY50拓扑中,平均距离5啤酒花和18啤酒花的最大距离。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>IPTV组播树的根是一个大胆的圆,如图所示<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijdmb/2010/169140/fig6/" target="_blank">6</gydF4y2Baa>。IPTV组播树路由根据Dijkstra算法的最短路径算法。因此,链接网络的中心附近会携带更多的IPTV比附近的交通优势。每个多播树对于一个给定的源节点并不是独一无二的,因为在许多情况下每棵树有几个相等的长度最短路径的选择一个优势。交通在我们的规格,一个典型的链接将4%至7%的40 Gbps IPTV组播数据的分配带宽,最多20%。剩余的带宽用于背景随机选择对节点之间的交通。</gydF4y2Bap> <h4 id="results-of-iptv-multicasting">6。IPTV的结果多播</gydF4y2Bah4> <p>假设一个IP / MPLS骨干网40 Gbps链接,调度框架的长度<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.9125" id="M141" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:64.337502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 64.337502 10.9125" width="64.337502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.190185" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.230574" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.482075" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.607822" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.859325" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.110825" y="0"> 4</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>(其中1 Gbps表示<gydF4y2Basvg height="13.9875" id="M142" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:19.5px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 19.5 13.9875" width="19.5" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.9875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.81)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,60.86)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.7,66.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>个基点和1 Mbps的表示<gydF4y2Basvg height="13.9875" id="M143" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:19.5px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 19.5 13.9875" width="19.5" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.9875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.81)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,60.86)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.7,66.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>个基点)。带宽保留的最低限额是一时间段预约调度框架,或相当于4 Mbps。每个多播树的配置GR 440 Mbps的速度建立了节<gydF4y2Baa href="#sec2">2</gydF4y2Baa>需要11个时间段预订/调度框架。每个IP路由器在图<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijdmb/2010/169140/fig6/" target="_blank">6</gydF4y2Baa>必须储备和进度11细胞传输/调度框架之间适当的IO配对,每IPTV组播树。在我们的交通规范,每个传入和传出链接每个IP路由器基本上是饱和交通额外的背景。鉴于这种最坏的负载,IP路由器应该找到它挑战安排交通,以满足QoS保证。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>IP多播树的性能在每个IP骨干网是评估使用C编程语言编写的一个离散事件仿真器,拥有超过20000行代码。模拟器的帮助下写四个研究生,安大略卓越中心提供的资金。(写几个独立的模拟器,来验证实验结果。)模拟运行在大型基于集群的超级计算机系统在ECE麦克马斯特大学的部门,与160年双重处理节点运行LINUX操作系统。每个双处理器节点之间有1 - 2 GHz的时钟频率和1 - 2 GB的内存。中心调度员将任务分配给处理器利用并行性。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>图<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijdmb/2010/169140/fig7/" target="_blank">7</gydF4y2Baa>说明了端到端延迟(一生)PDF (a)背景流量和(b)的多播流量GERMANY50拓扑。回想一下,有693的端到端路径和16 IPTV组播树在这个交通规范。多播树路由网络中第一次使用迪杰斯特拉最短路径算法,因此他们有相对较低的路径长度。多播流量如图的端到端延迟<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijdmb/2010/169140/fig7/" target="_blank">7 (b)</gydF4y2Baa>从1 IIDT高达9 IIDT不等。背景流量是点对点,沿着shortest-delay路由路径使用OSPF路由算法。shortest-delay路径通常不等于shortest-hop路径,因此背景流量往往是沿着长路径路由。端到端延迟的背景流量如图<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijdmb/2010/169140/fig7/" target="_blank">7(一)</gydF4y2Baa>不同约40 IIDT IIDT,表明一些路径很长。</gydF4y2Bap> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig7"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig7"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(一)”name="169140.fig.007a" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/ijdmb/volume-2010/169140/figures/169140.fig.007a.jpg"> <br> <strong>(一)</gydF4y2Bastrong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(b)”name="169140.fig.007b" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/ijdmb/volume-2010/169140/figures/169140.fig.007b.jpg"> <br> <strong>(b)</gydF4y2Bastrong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs fig-thumbs-fig7"> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(a)"><img alt="(一)”name="169140.fig.007a" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/ijdmb/volume-2010/169140/figures/169140.fig.007a.jpg"><br><strong>(一)</gydF4y2Bastrong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(b)"><img alt="(b)”name="169140.fig.007b" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/ijdmb/volume-2010/169140/figures/169140.fig.007b.jpg"><br><strong>(b)</gydF4y2Bastrong></button> </div> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev fig-nav-fig7"> <button class="carousel-prev" aria-label="Previous"></button> <button class="carousel-next" aria-label="Next"></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图7</gydF4y2Baspan> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijdmb/2010/169140/fig7/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> PDF Germany50拓扑的端到端延迟。</gydF4y2Batable> </div> </div> </div> <p>图<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijdmb/2010/169140/fig8/" target="_blank">8</gydF4y2Baa>说明了交通在每个端到端路径的抖动,背景流量和多播流量。抖动沿着一条路径被定义为每个细胞的延迟路径的偏差,相对于均值的沿着路径延迟。数据<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijdmb/2010/169140/fig8/" target="_blank">8(一个)</gydF4y2Baa>和<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijdmb/2010/169140/fig8/" target="_blank">8 (b)</gydF4y2Baa>适用于NOBEL-EU拓扑有321的端到端路径。数据<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijdmb/2010/169140/fig8/" target="_blank">8 (c)</gydF4y2Baa>和<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijdmb/2010/169140/fig8/" target="_blank">8 (d)</gydF4y2Baa>适用于GERMANY50拓扑有693的端到端路径。观察到99%的流量到达不到3 IIDTs抖动,和100%的所有流量到达不到4 IIDTs抖动。观察图<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijdmb/2010/169140/fig8/" target="_blank">8</gydF4y2Baa>的抖动的点对点通信,所有多播流量很小且受4 IIDT约束,约束是独立的网络。这些实验结果符合4定理总结。在[<gydF4y2Baa href="#B10">10</gydF4y2Baa>),定理<gydF4y2Basvg height="11.1" id="M144" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:7.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 7.9375 11.1" width="7.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.1)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.12)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 5</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.9125" id="M145" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:7.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 7.9375 10.9125" width="7.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 8</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>建立所有4 IIDT抖动是有界的。因此,实验结果如图<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijdmb/2010/169140/fig8/" target="_blank">8</gydF4y2Baa>是完全符合定理在<gydF4y2Baa href="#B10">10</gydF4y2Baa>,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B11">11</gydF4y2Baa>]。</gydF4y2Bap> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig8"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig8"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(一)”name="169140.fig.008a" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/ijdmb/volume-2010/169140/figures/169140.fig.008a.jpg"> <br> <strong>(一)</gydF4y2Bastrong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(b)”name="169140.fig.008b" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/ijdmb/volume-2010/169140/figures/169140.fig.008b.jpg"> <br> <strong>(b)</gydF4y2Bastrong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(c)”name="169140.fig.008c" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/ijdmb/volume-2010/169140/figures/169140.fig.008c.jpg"> <br> <strong>(c)</gydF4y2Bastrong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(d)”name="169140.fig.008d" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/ijdmb/volume-2010/169140/figures/169140.fig.008d.jpg"> <br> <strong>(d)</gydF4y2Bastrong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs fig-thumbs-fig8"> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(a)"><img alt="(一)”name="169140.fig.008a" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/ijdmb/volume-2010/169140/figures/169140.fig.008a.jpg"><br><strong>(一)</gydF4y2Bastrong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(b)"><img alt="(b)”name="169140.fig.008b" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/ijdmb/volume-2010/169140/figures/169140.fig.008b.jpg"><br><strong>(b)</gydF4y2Bastrong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(c)"><img alt="(c)”name="169140.fig.008c" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/ijdmb/volume-2010/169140/figures/169140.fig.008c.jpg"><br><strong>(c)</gydF4y2Bastrong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(d)"><img alt="(d)”name="169140.fig.008d" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/ijdmb/volume-2010/169140/figures/169140.fig.008d.jpg"><br><strong>(d)</gydF4y2Bastrong></button> </div> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev fig-nav-fig8"> <button class="carousel-prev" aria-label="Previous"></button> <button class="carousel-next" aria-label="Next"></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图8</gydF4y2Baspan> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijdmb/2010/169140/fig8/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> PDF的延迟抖动。(a)和(b): Nobel-EU拓扑。(c)和(d): Germany50拓扑。</gydF4y2Batable> </div> </div> </div> <p>图<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijdmb/2010/169140/fig9/" target="_blank">9</gydF4y2Baa>说明了PDF的细胞的数量分布在每个IP路由器排队GERMANY50拓扑中,背景流量和多播流量。有3465个人情节图<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijdmb/2010/169140/fig9/" target="_blank">9</gydF4y2Baa>,等于693的端到端路径经过平均5路由器。细胞的数量在每个路由器排队/交通流小,小于2细胞平均每多播输出端口。没有路由器缓冲区超过7细胞/流/单播输出,如图<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijdmb/2010/169140/fig9/" target="_blank">9(一个)</gydF4y2Baa>。没有路由器缓冲区超过3细胞/每多播输出端口聚合流,如图<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijdmb/2010/169140/fig9/" target="_blank">9 (b)</gydF4y2Baa>。多播细胞存储在一个多播队列,每个路由器的VOQs分开。图<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijdmb/2010/169140/fig9/" target="_blank">9</gydF4y2Baa>表明细胞移动速度相对一致通过IP网络。这些实验结果符合4定理总结。特别是,定理<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.6875" id="M146" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:7.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 7.9375 10.6875" width="7.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.6875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.45)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>在[<gydF4y2Baa href="#B11">11</gydF4y2Baa>]建立所有队列大小有限的一小部分细胞(这些网络的16个细胞)。因此,实验结果如图<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijdmb/2010/169140/fig9/" target="_blank">9</gydF4y2Baa>是完全符合定理在<gydF4y2Baa href="#B10">10</gydF4y2Baa>,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B11">11</gydF4y2Baa>]。所需的内存缓冲低几个数量级相比传统IP路由器,下一节将演示。</gydF4y2Bap> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig9"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig9"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(一)”name="169140.fig.009a" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/ijdmb/volume-2010/169140/figures/169140.fig.009a.jpg"> <br> <strong>(一)</gydF4y2Bastrong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(b)”name="169140.fig.009b" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/ijdmb/volume-2010/169140/figures/169140.fig.009b.jpg"> <br> <strong>(b)</gydF4y2Bastrong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs fig-thumbs-fig9"> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(a)"><img alt="(一)”name="169140.fig.009a" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/ijdmb/volume-2010/169140/figures/169140.fig.009a.jpg"><br><strong>(一)</gydF4y2Bastrong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(b)"><img alt="(b)”name="169140.fig.009b" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/ijdmb/volume-2010/169140/figures/169140.fig.009b.jpg"><br><strong>(b)</gydF4y2Bastrong></button> </div> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev fig-nav-fig9"> <button class="carousel-prev" aria-label="Previous"></button> <button class="carousel-next" aria-label="Next"></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图9</gydF4y2Baspan> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijdmb/2010/169140/fig9/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> PDF为每个交通流的排队细胞数量/路由器Germany50拓扑。(一)背景流量。(b)对多播流量。</gydF4y2Batable> </div> </div> </div> <p>图<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijdmb/2010/169140/fig10/" target="_blank">10</gydF4y2Baa>说明了IPTV组播流量的端到端延迟,多余的带宽的函数选择为每个多播树。回想一下,在我们的交通规范,超额的带宽10%是供应每IPTV组播树。多余的带宽决定了端到端延迟。根据图<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijdmb/2010/169140/fig10/" target="_blank">10</gydF4y2Baa>、超额带宽的10%收益率的端到端排队延迟约3秒每个IPTV组播树。的<gydF4y2Bai>特定于应用程序播放队列</gydF4y2Bai>在每个目的地节点重构原始丛发性IPTV视频帧,过滤掉残余网络抖动,使所有可用100视频流在每个目的地IP多播树中的路由器基本上零延迟抖动和基本完善的端到端QoS。</gydF4y2Bap> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig10"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig10"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="169140.fig.0010" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/ijdmb/volume-2010/169140/figures/169140.fig.0010.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图10</gydF4y2Baspan> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijdmb/2010/169140/fig10/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> 端到端延迟和带宽过剩的情节多播流量。</gydF4y2Batable> </div> </div> </div> <h5 id="sec6.1">6.1。在IP路由器缓冲区大小</gydF4y2Bah5> <p>在本节中,我们将探讨的问题在互联网路由器内存需求。一个完善的设计规则缓冲区大小的IP网络使用TCP流控制被称为“<gydF4y2Bai>古典缓冲规则</gydF4y2Bai>”,也称为“<gydF4y2Bai>带宽延迟产物</gydF4y2Bai>“缓冲规则(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B34">31日</gydF4y2Baa>]。这个设计规则<gydF4y2Bai>每个环节每个IP路由器</gydF4y2Bai>需要一个缓冲的<gydF4y2Basvg height="13.45" id="M147" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:82.737503px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 82.737503 13.45" width="82.737503" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.45)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.165419" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.205809" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.358006" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.521503" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="48.686684" y="0"> ⋅</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="55.038204" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="61.914856" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>位,<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.6125" id="M148" style="vertical-align:-0.15048pt;width:11.8625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.8625 10.6125" width="11.8625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.6125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.51)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.71)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>链路容量和吗<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.325" id="M149" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:11.225px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.225 10.325" width="11.225" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>的往返时间流遍历链接(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B34">31日</gydF4y2Baa>]。数据显示在[<gydF4y2Baa href="#B34">31日</gydF4y2Baa>),一个40 Gbps链接处理TCP流的往返时间250毫秒的需要一个缓冲区大小B五百万IP数据包的链接。每个IP包可能包含1500字节(或相当于24固定大小的细胞)。因此,每个链接缓冲可能需要7.5 gb的内存/链接。一个<gydF4y2Basvg height="11.2" id="M150" style="vertical-align:-0.3135pt;width:48.325001px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 48.325001 11.2" width="48.325001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.2)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.04)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.4)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.2515001" y="0"> 6</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.278666" y="0"> ×</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.056252" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.307751" y="0"> 6</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>高速路由器可能需要大约120 gb的内存。这个大缓冲区大小部分由于使用传统的TCP流控制协议,介绍了一种大型抖动流量,进而需要大型缓冲区的使用。大型缓冲区大小也部分地由于使用子优化启发式调度程序,引入一个大型和潜在的无限抖动在每一个路由器,这反过来又需要使用大型缓冲区。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>一个“<gydF4y2Bai>小缓冲区规则</gydF4y2Bai>提出了“在[<gydF4y2Baa href="#B39">32</gydF4y2Baa>),<gydF4y2Basvg height="20.4125" id="M151" style="vertical-align:-2.70238pt;width:116.3px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 116.3 20.4125" width="116.3" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,20.4125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-55.67)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,58.42)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="65.400002" y="-0.54000002"> √</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.165419" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.205809" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.358006" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.521503" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="48.686684" y="0"> ⋅</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="55.038204" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="61.914856" y="0"> /</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <g> <path d="m 5.06,70.71 11.76,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,5.06,58.42)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.75282" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.325" id="M152" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:14.8375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 14.8375 10.325" width="14.8375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>是长寿的TCP流遍历路由器的数量。与上面的相同的参数报道中,缓冲区的大小<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.325" id="M153" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:11.625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.625 10.325" width="11.625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>可以减少到五万IP数据包(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B39">32</gydF4y2Baa>]。因此,每个链接缓冲可能需要75 mb的内存/链接。一个<gydF4y2Basvg height="11.2" id="M154" style="vertical-align:-0.3135pt;width:48.325001px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 48.325001 11.2" width="48.325001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.2)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.04)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.4)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.2515001" y="0"> 6</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.278666" y="0"> ×</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.056252" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.307751" y="0"> 6</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>高速路由器可能需要约1.2 gb的内存。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>最近,(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B37">33</gydF4y2Baa>)提出了一个<gydF4y2Bai>“小缓冲区规则”</gydF4y2Bai>在哪里<gydF4y2Basvg height="14.2" id="M155" style="vertical-align:-2.73372pt;width:91.737503px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 91.737503 14.2" width="91.737503" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.2)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.64)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.41)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.165419" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.205809" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.358006" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.521503" y="0"> l</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.997337" y="0"> o</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="47.248837" y="0"> g</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="57.663837" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="69.116585" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,在那里<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.575" id="M156" style="vertical-align:-0.20064pt;width:17.9625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.9625 10.575" width="17.9625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.575)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.54)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>是最大TCP拥塞窗口大小。用相同的参数,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B37">33</gydF4y2Baa>)表明,平均20 - 50之间的缓冲区大小的IP数据包或相当于大约30000 - 75000字节的内存可能就足够了,如果三个重要条件可以满足;(a)的传入流量的抖动源节点足够小,(b)的IP路由器引入一个足够小抖动,和(c) 10 - 15%的吞吐量是牺牲。本文在[<gydF4y2Baa href="#B37">33</gydF4y2Baa>]然而并没有提出一个low-jitter调度算法,这本身就是一种主要的理论尚未解决的问题部分<gydF4y2Baa href="#sec3">3</gydF4y2Baa>说明了。此外,(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B39">32</gydF4y2Baa>,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B38">34</gydF4y2Baa>)认为,小缓冲区可能导致重大损失,不稳定或在应用程序层性能下降。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>我们的定理<gydF4y2Baa href="#B10">10</gydF4y2Baa>,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B11">11</gydF4y2Baa>)和我们的详尽的模拟表明,网络内存需求可以好几个数量级小于当前IP路由器,当low-jitter调度算法与使用有界规范化服务领先/落后,如定理成立<gydF4y2Baa href="#thm1">1</gydF4y2Baa>- - - - - -<gydF4y2Baa href="#thm4">4</gydF4y2Baa>。在我们的IP多播系统中,每个IP路由器需要缓冲平均约2细胞(128字节)/流/路由器吞吐量和基本完善的端到端QoS保证100%供应流量,即使在100%的网络负载。相比之下,现有IP路由器使用的结合启发式调度程序,TCP流量控制,和经典的带宽延迟产物buffer-sizing规则需要缓冲的500万IP数据包链接40 Gbps实现高吞吐量,没有提供任何严格的QoS保证。RFSMD算法和定理<gydF4y2Baa href="#thm1">1</gydF4y2Baa>- - - - - -<gydF4y2Baa href="#thm4">4</gydF4y2Baa>允许减少缓冲区大小由几个数量级比现有的IP多播技术,同时满足严格的QoS约束。</gydF4y2Bap> <h4 id="conclusions">7所示。结论</gydF4y2Bah4> <p>分组交换的IPTV组播系统的设计提出了互联网骨干网络。三个真实IP骨干网络拓扑,NOBEL-EU欧洲拓扑,GERMANY50和挪威的拓扑结构,是用来说明设计。多个IPTV组播t恤被供应到每个网络,每个携带100 IPTV频道。添加了额外的背景交通每个网络节点之间本质上完全饱和了。每一个环节运作大约99%的负荷。资源预定算法用于储备资源为每个ITPV网络中组播树。最近提出的<gydF4y2Bai>递归的公平随机矩阵分解</gydF4y2Bai>lgorithm被用来计算近乎完美的low-jitter传播计划为每个分组交换的IP路由器在每个多播树。low-jitter时间表移除大部分的细胞延迟抖动与子最优动态调度算法中使用现有的IP路由器和最小化所需的缓冲的IP路由器。广泛的模拟表明,大规模的IPTV可以支持多播。IPTV交通与near-minimal送到每个目的地节点延误,near-minimal抖动,零丢包率,和基本完善的端到端QoS,证实了理论。我们广泛的模拟表明,每个IP路由器缓冲区通常小于2细胞(约128字节)的视频数据/流量/路由器,缓冲好几个数量级小于当前IP路由器需要。多播技术也适用于其他互联网上多媒体流,包括VOIP、视频点播、远程医疗、远程机器人控制IP。的应用技术提供远程机器人控制系统在饱和互联网骨干网络中描述(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B12">35</gydF4y2Baa>]。</gydF4y2Bap> </div> <div class="xml-content"> <h4 class="references" id="references">引用</gydF4y2Bah4> <ol> <li id="B1">思科系统白皮书”,接近Zettabyte时代,“2008年,<gydF4y2Baa target="_blank" href="http://www.cisco.com">http://www.cisco.com</gydF4y2Baa>。<gydF4y2Baspan 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Neri&publication_year=2003" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li> <li id="B26">j·f·海耶斯,r . Breault和m . k . Mehmet-Ali”性能分析组播切换。”<gydF4y2Bai>IEEE通信</gydF4y2Bai>,39卷,不。4、581 - 587年,1991页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Performance%20analysis%20of%20a%20multicast%20switch&author=J. F. Hayes&author=R. Breault&author=&author=M. K. Mehmet-Ali&publication_year=1991" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li> <li id="B27">j.y.回族和t·雷纳多播分组交换排队分析,”<gydF4y2Bai>IEEE通信</gydF4y2Bai>,42卷,不。2、723 - 731年,1994页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Queueing%20analysis%20for%20multicast%20packet%20switching&author=J. Y. Hui &author=T. Renner&publication_year=1994" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li> <li id="B28">b .角色:部、r . Ahuja”input-queued开关、多播调度”<gydF4y2Bai>IEEE在选定地区通讯》杂志上</gydF4y2Bai>,15卷,不。5,855 - 866年,1997页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Multicast%20scheduling%20for%20input-queued%20switches&author=B. Prabhakar&author=N. McKeown&author=&author=R. Ahuja&publication_year=1997" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li> <li id="B29">m .歌曲,w•朱a Francini, m·阿拉姆”大型多播交换机的性能分析与多播虚拟输出队列,“<gydF4y2Bai>计算机通信</gydF4y2Bai>,28卷,不。2、189 - 198年,2005页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comcom.2004.09.005">出版商的网站</gydF4y2Baa><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Performance%20analysis%20of%20large%20multicast%20switches%20with%20multicast%20virtual%20output%20queues&author=M. Song&author=W. Zhu&author=A. Francini&author=&author=M. Alam&publication_year=2005" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li> <li id="B30">s . r .格列佛和g . Ghinea知觉和注意在多媒体传输延迟和抖动的影响,“<gydF4y2Bai>IEEE广播</gydF4y2Bai>,53卷,不。2、449 - 458年,2007页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://doi.org/10.1109/TBC.2007.896955">出版商的网站</gydF4y2Baa><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=The%20perceptual%20and%20attentive%20impact%20of%20delay%20and%20jitter%20in%20multimedia%20delivery&author=S. R. Gulliver &author=G. Ghinea&publication_year=2007" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li> <li id="B31">集和h . Om“建模视频传输的缓冲存储器”<gydF4y2Bai>IEEE广播</gydF4y2Bai>,53卷,不。4、774 - 779年,2007页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://doi.org/10.1109/TBC.2007.910296">出版商的网站</gydF4y2Baa><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Modeling%20of%20buffer%20storage%20in%20video%20transmission&author=S. Ch&author=&author=H. Om&publication_year=2007" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li> <li id="B32">y白和m . r .伊藤”,感知应用程序缓冲区管理:新的指标和技术”,<gydF4y2Bai>IEEE广播</gydF4y2Bai>,51卷,不。1,第121 - 114页,2005。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://doi.org/10.1109/TBC.2004.842517">出版商的网站</gydF4y2Baa><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Application-aware%20buffer%20management:%20new%20metrics%20and%20techniques&author=Y. Bai &author=M. R. Ito&publication_year=2005" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li> <li id="B34">y Ganjali和n部”,更新在互联网路由器缓冲区大小,”<gydF4y2Bai>ACM SIGCOMM计算机通信评审</gydF4y2Bai>,36卷,不。5,67 - 70年,2006页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://doi.org/10.1145/1163593.1163605">出版商的网站</gydF4y2Baa><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Update%20on%20buffer%20sizing%20in%20internet%20routers&author=Y. Ganjali &author=N. 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Goel&author=N. McKeown&author=&author=T. Roughgarden" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li> <li id="B38">a . Dhamdhere和c . Dovrolis“开放问题路由器缓冲区大小,“36卷,没有。1,页87 - 92。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://doi.org/10.1145/1111322.1111342">出版商的网站</gydF4y2Baa><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Open%20issues%20in%20router%20buffer%20sizing&author=A. Dhamdhere &author=C. Dovrolis&publication_year=2006" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li> <li id="B12">Szymanski t·h·d·吉尔伯特,“配置任务关键型远程机器人控制系统与基本完善互联网骨干网络QoS,”<gydF4y2Bai>IEEE在选定地区通讯》杂志上</gydF4y2Bai>,28卷,不。5,630 - 643年,2010页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Provisioning%20mission-critical%20telerobotic%20control%20systems%20in%20internet%20backbone%20networks%20with%20essentially-perfect%20QoS&author=T. H. Szymanski &author=D. Gilbert&publication_year=2010" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li> </ol> </div> <div class="xml-content"> <h4 class="copyright" id="copyright">版权</gydF4y2Bah4> <p>版权©2010 t·h·西曼斯基·d·吉尔伯特。这是一个开放的分布式下文章<gydF4y2Baa rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/">知识共享归属许可</gydF4y2Baa>,它允许无限制的使用、分配和复制在任何媒介,提供最初的工作是正确引用。</gydF4y2Bap> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> <div class="biblio__Wrapper-sc-1nou1lz-0 eyHfWh journal_article__BiblioIntegratorWidget-sc-12fk6zy-5 dbAANp article_widget biblioWrapper hide"> <hr> <h4 class="biblio__H4-sc-1nou1lz-2 becpDt hrTitleRef">更多相关文章</gydF4y2Bah4> <div id="biblio_widget" class="biblio__BiblioWrapper-sc-1nou1lz-1 kCVTCa"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="threeColumn__RightWrapper-sc-1bf4078-2 jzTMLK rightWrapper" id="rightSectionMenu"> <div> <div class="journal_article__ArticleStickyTopToolbar-sc-12fk6zy-0 gbrQxi article_sticky_top_toolbar"> <div class="sc-cBdUnI hRnXob article_top_toolbar"> <a 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height="24"><span class="text">下载引用</gydF4y2Baspan></span><span class="sc-htoDjs bqeMOy sc-dqBHgY cQgXqt fileArrow icon-colored _3P4iUn1NDM5G77nWCamJ4l icon-themeable" title="" font-size="20"></span></a> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-jtRfpW dIjoCg sc-BngTV hmDWcT ref_desktop" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijdmb/2010/169140.ris" aria-label="" target="" id="toolbar__dcNavSmall"><span><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl sc-kTUwUJ eujois" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="24"><span class="text">引用</gydF4y2Baspan></span><span class="sc-htoDjs bqeMOy sc-dqBHgY cQgXqt fileArrow icon-colored _3P4iUn1NDM5G77nWCamJ4l icon-themeable" title="" font-size="20"></span></a> </div> </div> <div class="journal_article__ArticleStickyBottomToolbar-sc-12fk6zy-1 isgRZA article_sticky_bottom_toolbar"> <div class="sc-cTjmhe ihmyEq article_bottom_toolbar"> <div class="sc-cugefK itFKcQ accordion" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8" id="toolbar__dofNav"> <span><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl sc-bfYoXt cGuwDn" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="24"><span class="sc-dRFtgE jrsDZP">下载其他格式</gydF4y2Baspan><span class="sc-gkFcWv gWTCXQ">更多的</gydF4y2Baspan></span> <span class="sc-htoDjs bMdQcY sc-gbOuXE jGPvPL icon-colored _1CwL9R82TPl2HxDleeYGDR icon-themeable" title="" font-size="11"></span> </div> <div class="sc-fnwBNb etzuBr"> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-iNhVCk gWgCNb open_panel" href="//www.newsama.com/downloads/journals/ijdmb/2010/169140.xml" aria-label="XML" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"> <div class="sc-eAKXzc WHkfb"> XML</gydF4y2Badiv><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl sc-bfYoXt cGuwDn" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="24"></a> </div> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-imABML ibWUzs" href="//www.newsama.com/reprints/169140/confirm" aria-label="Order Printed Copies" target="_blank" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8" id="toolbar__opcNav"><span><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl sc-bfYoXt cGuwDn" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="24"><span class="sc-dRFtgE jrsDZP">订单打印副本</gydF4y2Baspan><span class="sc-gkFcWv gWTCXQ">订单</gydF4y2Baspan></span><span class="sc-htoDjs kNoiZu sc-gbOuXE jGPvPL right__icon icon-colored _32KP5uexH-Bgs7Kj8Gk1Tz icon-themeable" title="" font-size="16"></span></a> <div class="sc-hBbWxd kdRRST"> <div class="sc-dyGzUR cHatnS"> <div> 的观点<gydF4y2Baspan>6808年</gydF4y2Baspan> </div> <div> 下载<gydF4y2Baspan>1089年</gydF4y2Baspan> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sc-drKuOJ kxdGAZ"> <span class="__dimensions_badge_embed__" data-doi="10.1155/2010/169140" data-style="small_circle"></span>引用</gydF4y2Badiv> </div> </div> <nav class="sc-bRBYWo fXBKFa sc-hUfwpO jHPgUP" id="toolbar__iconNav"> <h3 class="sc-Rmtcm hNPrIr">分享文章</gydF4y2Bah3> <ul class="sc-hzDkRC bnbfTS"> <li class="iconBorder"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link" href="https://twitter.com/share?url=https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/169140&via=Hindawi" aria-label="Sharing on Twitter" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><img alt="" 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