The relationship between the brain and the mind, in cognitive, behavioural, and affective aspects of neuroscience, has been investigated by scientists and clinicians for a long time and is still a matter of research and debate today. The theme of psychosurgery has emerged in recent years, as neuromodulation has been proposed as a treatment for several neuropsychiatric disorders, with successful treatment in clinics. The potential positive outcomes of deep brain stimulation to modulate behaviour has been repeatedly displayed, and new targets and clinical outcomes are reported on a more regular basis. Nevertheless, behavioural and cognitive changes are sometimes observed as unexpected or unwanted consequences of several neurosurgical procedures.

The aim of this special issue is to describe the impact that brain surgery has on behavioural and cognitive changes, with particular emphasis on the thin border between the planned therapeutic effects and the unexpected consequences that brain surgery has on the patient. We welcome research articles and reviews on both basic science research and clinical studies, and we especially encourage those contributions that point out the anatomical and functional bases of behavioural and cognitive changes due to neurosurgical procedures.

Potential topics include but are not limited to the following:

• 行为和认知的改变房颤ter DBS for movement disorders
• 行为和认知的改变房颤ter cerebrovascular surgery
• 行为和认知的改变房颤ter surgery for brain tumours
• 行为和认知的改变房颤ter neuromodulation for obsessive-compulsive disorder, depression, eating disorders, and epilepsy
• 行为和认知的改变房颤ter resective and disconnective epilepsy surgery