) and jugular vein diameters bilaterally in 22 healthy subjects in the prone position with the head centered, respectively, rotated sideways, with and without positive pressure breathing (10 cmH2O). Results. The prone position reduced SV (by %; ) and CO (by
%), and slightly increased MAP (from
to mmHg) as well as bilateral jugular vein diameters, leaving MCA unchanged. Positive pressure breathing in the prone position increased MAP (by mmHg) but further reduced SV and CO (by
% and
% below baseline) while MCA was maintained. The head-rotated prone position with positive pressure breathing augmented MAP further ( mmHg) but not CO, narrowed both jugular vein diameters, and reduced MCA (by
%). Conclusion. During positive pressure breathing the prone position with sideways rotated head reduces MCA ~10% in spite of an elevated MAP. Prone positioning with rotated head affects both CBF and cerebrovenous drainage indicating that optimal brain perfusion requires head centering.">
头旋转对脑血流速度的影响在卧姿</tgydF4y2Baitle>
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.expand_btn{-webkit-flex:1;-ms-flex:1;flex:1;background:url('data:image/svg+xml;base64,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') no-repeat 6px;background-position:center;margin-top:10px;min-width:55px;display:none;} @media (min-width:768px){.hMPMVR .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .expand_btn{display:none;}} .hMPMVR .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-text{-webkit-flex:9;-ms-flex:9;flex:9;text-align:left;padding:21px 37px 10px 0px;font-size:16px;font-weight:700;} @media (min-width:768px){.hMPMVR .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-text{padding:19px 18px 10px 18px;}} @media (min-width:992px){.hMPMVR .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-text{padding:19px 21px 10px 21px;}} .hMPMVR .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-partial-url{-webkit-flex:1;-ms-flex:1;flex:1;background:url('data:image/svg+xml;base64,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') no-repeat 6px;background-position:center;padding:16px 0 16px 0;min-width:62px;max-width:62px;} @media (min-width:768px){.hMPMVR .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-partial-url{padding:16px 0 17px 0;min-width:52px;max-width:52px;}} @media (min-width:992px){.hMPMVR .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-partial-url{padding:15px 0 17px 0;min-width:60px;max-width:60px;}} .hMPMVR .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-partial-url:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;} .hMPMVR .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption-text{font-size:14px;padding:0px 18px 17px 22px;} @media (min-width:768px){.hMPMVR .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption-text{padding:0px 15px 15px 18px;}} @media (min-width:992px){.hMPMVR .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption-text{padding:0px 18px 19px 21px;}} .hMPMVR .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption-text figcaption{margin:0;padding:0;} .hMPMVR .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption-text svg{max-width:100%;} .hMPMVR ol{font-size:16px;padding-left:32px;font-family:STIXGeneral-Regular;line-height:24px;margin:15px 0;} .hMPMVR ol li{margin:10px 0;padding-left:10px;word-break:normal;} .hMPMVR ol li a{word-break:break-all;} .hMPMVR ol li .reflinks{display:block;} .hMPMVR ol li .reflinks a{color:#4D8A17;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:pointer;} .hMPMVR ol li .reflinks a:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;} .hMPMVR ol li .reflinks .sep{color:#000000;} .hMPMVR .table-wrapper{width:auto;overflow-x:auto;} .hMPMVR .table-wrapper::-webkit-scrollbar{-webkit-appearance:none;width:5px;height:5px;} .hMPMVR .table-wrapper::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb{border-radius:5px;background-color:rgba(0,0,0,.5);-webkit-box-shadow:0 0 1px rgba(255,255,255,.5);} @media (min-width:768px){.hMPMVR .table-wrapper{overflow-x:auto;width:auto;-webkit-break-word:word-break;break-word:word-break;margin:0 auto;}} @media (min-width:992px){.hMPMVR .table-wrapper{width:auto;}} @media (min-width:1324px){.hMPMVR .table-wrapper{width:auto;}} @media (min-width:320px){.hMPMVR{margin-bottom:33px;padding:0;}} @media (min-width:992px){.hMPMVR{padding:0;margin-bottom:100px;}} @media (min-width:1325px){.hMPMVR{margin-bottom:100px;}} .hMPMVR .owl-stage{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;} .hMPMVR .floats-partial-middle--thumbs{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;} .hMPMVR .floats-partial-middle--thumbs .partial-carousel-dot svg{fill:#4D8A17;} .hMPMVR .floats-partial-middle--thumbs .partial-carousel-dot strong{color:#4D8A17;font-weight:500;} .hMPMVR .floats-partial-middle--thumbs .partial-carousel-dot.active strong{color:#007B8B;} .hMPMVR 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<p class="sc-kZmsYB bkiEfx article_type">研究文章|<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->开放获取</gydF4y2Bap>
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体积<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->
<!-- -->2012年<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->
<span class="sc-fZwumE cUsFHx">|</gydF4y2Baspan>文章的ID<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->
<!-- -->647258年<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->
<span class="sc-fZwumE cUsFHx">|</gydF4y2Baspan>
<a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-fQejPQ duuwge" href="https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/647258" aria-label="Doi-link">https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/647258</一个>
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<p>Jakob Højlund玛丽·Sandmand Morten桑尼,Teit Mantoni,亨利克·l·Jørgensen Bo Belhage,约翰内斯·j·范·Lieshout弗兰克·c·Pott<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->
<!-- -->”<gydF4y2Baspan class="adjust-article-svg-size">头旋转对脑血流速度的影响在卧姿</gydF4y2Baspan>”,<gydF4y2Ba!-- --><i>麻醉学研究与实践</gydF4y2Bai>,<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->
<!-- -->卷。<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->2012年<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->
<!-- -->文章的ID<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->647258年<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->
<!-- -->6<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->
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<!-- -->2012年<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->。<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->
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<h1 class="sc-iRbamj jZOxOO sc-iSDuPN hHHqqR article_title adjust-article-svg-size heading-title">头旋转对脑血流速度的影响在卧姿</gydF4y2Bah1>
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<span class="">Jakob Højlund<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<gydF4y2Basup>1</gydF4y2Basup></span>
<span class="">玛丽Sandmand<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<gydF4y2Basup>2</gydF4y2Basup></span>
<span class="">Morten桑尼<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<gydF4y2Basup>3</gydF4y2Basup></span>
<span class="">Teit Mantoni<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<gydF4y2Basup>3</gydF4y2Basup></span>
<span class="">亨利克·l·Jørgensen<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<gydF4y2Basup>4</gydF4y2Basup></span>
<span class="">Bo Belhage<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<gydF4y2Basup>3</gydF4y2Basup></span>
<span class="">约翰内斯·j·范·Lieshout<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<gydF4y2Basup>5<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->6</gydF4y2Basup>
<!-- -->和</gydF4y2Baspan>
<span class=""><b>弗兰克·c·Pott</gydF4y2Bab><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link" href="mailto:" aria-label="Mail Option"><span class="sc-htoDjs kNoiZu sc-hjRWVT irNWJI icon-colored _2zt-1j0LmaF8UjTQAM413G icon-themeable" title="" font-size="16"></span></a><sup>3</gydF4y2Basup></span>
<div class="sc-fHxwqH dMuGGA isHide">
<p><sup>1</gydF4y2Basup><span>麻醉学系Sygehus北部、4300 Holbæk丹麦</gydF4y2Baspan></p>
<p><sup>2</gydF4y2Basup><span>诊断放射学、Bispebjerg大学医院,2400年哥本哈根,丹麦</gydF4y2Baspan></p>
<p><sup>3</gydF4y2Basup><span>麻醉学系Bispebjerg医院研究中心对麻醉和重症监护(B.R.A.IN) Bispebjerg大学医院,Bispebjerg巴克23日2400 NV哥本哈根,丹麦</gydF4y2Baspan></p>
<p><sup>4</gydF4y2Basup><span>临床生物化学,Bispebjerg大学医院,2400年哥本哈根,丹麦</gydF4y2Baspan></p>
<p><sup>5</gydF4y2Basup><span>急性招生单位、内科、实验室临床心血管生理学、AMC中心心脏衰竭,1105阿兹阿姆斯特丹,荷兰阿姆斯特丹大学</gydF4y2Baspan></p>
<p><sup>6</gydF4y2Basup><span>生物医学科学学院,诺丁汉大学医学院,女王医疗中心,诺丁汉NG7 2RD,英国</gydF4y2Baspan></p>
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<b>学术编辑器:</gydF4y2Bab>彼得·安德鲁斯</gydF4y2Badiv>
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<span class="articleContent__PublicationField-sc-2yl9jy-6 cIribm">收到了</gydF4y2Baspan>
<span class="articleContent__PublicationValue-sc-2yl9jy-7 khHUcu">2012年4月30日</gydF4y2Baspan>
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<div class="articleContent__PublcationCol-sc-2yl9jy-5 hgKieC notPublished">
<span class="articleContent__PublicationField-sc-2yl9jy-6 cIribm">修改后的</gydF4y2Baspan>
<span class="articleContent__PublicationValue-sc-2yl9jy-7 khHUcu">2012年7月3日</gydF4y2Baspan>
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<span class="articleContent__PublicationField-sc-2yl9jy-6 cIribm">接受</gydF4y2Baspan>
<span class="articleContent__PublicationValue-sc-2yl9jy-7 khHUcu">2012年7月25日</gydF4y2Baspan>
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<div class="articleContent__PublcationCol-sc-2yl9jy-5 hgKieC isPublished">
<span class="articleContent__PublicationField-sc-2yl9jy-6 cIribm">发表</gydF4y2Baspan>
<span class="articleContent__PublicationValue-sc-2yl9jy-7 khHUcu">05年9月2012年</gydF4y2Baspan>
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<h4 class="header" id="abstract">文摘</gydF4y2Bah4>
<p><i>背景</gydF4y2Bai>。的卧姿应用于促进手术改善氧化respirator-treated病人。特别是,与正压通风卧姿减少静脉回到心脏,反过来心输出量(CO)对脑血流量的影响。我们测试了在健康受试者的假设旋转头的卧姿减少脑血流量。<gydF4y2Bai>方法</gydF4y2Bai>。平均动脉血压(MAP),中风量(SV)、和公司决定,与大脑中动脉平均血流速度(MCA)<gydF4y2Basvg height="14.35" id="M1" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt;width:33.424999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 33.424999 14.35" width="33.424999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.35)">
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</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.76,60.66)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
米</tgydF4y2Baspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0">
e</tgydF4y2Baspan>
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<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="14.580832" y="0">
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</g>
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</svg>)和颈静脉直径双边在22个健康受试者的卧姿头为中心,分别旋转,有或没有正压呼吸(10而言不啻<gydF4y2Basub>2</gydF4y2Basub>O)。<gydF4y2Bai>结果</gydF4y2Bai>。卧姿SV(通过减少<gydF4y2Basvg height="12.2375" id="M2" style="vertical-align:-1.09097pt;width:56.849998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 56.849998 12.2375" width="56.849998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.2375)">
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<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.121887" y="0">
5</tgydF4y2Baspan>
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</svg>%;<gydF4y2Basvg height="11.25" id="M3" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt;width:56.150002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 56.150002 11.25" width="56.150002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.25)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
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<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.890113" y="0">
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</svg>)和(通过<gydF4y2Basvg height="12.05" id="M4" style="vertical-align:-1.09097pt;width:56.849998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 56.849998 12.05" width="56.849998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.121887" y="0">
9</tgydF4y2Baspan>
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</svg>%),略有增加(从地图<gydF4y2Basvg height="12.05" id="M5" style="vertical-align:-1.09097pt;width:41.224998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 41.224998 12.05" width="41.224998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.618887" y="0">
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</svg>来<gydF4y2Basvg height="12.05" id="M6" style="vertical-align:-1.09097pt;width:41.224998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 41.224998 12.05" width="41.224998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.618887" y="0">
2</tgydF4y2Baspan>
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</g>
</g>
</svg>毫米汞柱)以及双边颈静脉直径,MCA离开<gydF4y2Basvg height="14.35" id="M7" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt;width:33.424999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 33.424999 14.35" width="33.424999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.35)">
<g transform="translate(72,-60.52)">
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<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="14.580832" y="0">
n</tgydF4y2Baspan>
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</svg>不变。正压呼吸在卧姿映射(通过增加<gydF4y2Basvg height="12.175" id="M8" style="vertical-align:-1.09097pt;width:56.849998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 56.849998 12.175" width="56.849998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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</svg>毫米汞柱),但进一步减少SV和公司<gydF4y2Basvg height="12.05" id="M9" style="vertical-align:-1.09097pt;width:56.849998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 56.849998 12.05" width="56.849998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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</svg>% MCA时低于基线)<gydF4y2Basvg height="14.35" id="M11" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt;width:33.424999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 33.424999 14.35" width="33.424999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.35)">
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</g>
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</svg>是维护。head-rotated俯卧的正压呼吸进一步增强地图(<gydF4y2Basvg height="12.05" id="M12" style="vertical-align:-1.09097pt;width:41.224998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 41.224998 12.05" width="41.224998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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</svg>毫米汞柱),但不是公司,颈静脉直径缩小,减少了MCA<gydF4y2Basvg height="14.35" id="M13" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt;width:33.424999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 33.424999 14.35" width="33.424999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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</svg>(通过<gydF4y2Basvg height="12.175" id="M14" style="vertical-align:-1.09097pt;width:56.849998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 56.849998 12.175" width="56.849998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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</svg>%)。<gydF4y2Bai>结论</gydF4y2Bai>。在正压呼吸侧向旋转头减少MCA的卧姿<gydF4y2Basvg height="14.35" id="M15" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt;width:33.424999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 33.424999 14.35" width="33.424999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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米</tgydF4y2Baspan>
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e</tgydF4y2Baspan>
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</svg>~ 10%尽管高架地图。容易定位和旋转头影响CBF和cerebrovenous排水表明优化大脑灌注需要定心。</gydF4y2Bap>
<span class="end-abs"></span>
<h4 id="introduction">1。介绍</gydF4y2Bah4>
<p>容易定位的病人在麻醉所需各种外科手术(<一个href="#B1">1</一个>]。此外,倾向与仰卧位促进通气/灌注匹配在危重患者急性呼吸窘迫综合征(<一个href="#B2">2</一个>]。当移动病人卧姿,动脉压力通常保持稳定而减少心输出量(CO) (<一个href="#B3">3</一个>)是由于减少静脉返回(<一个href="#B4">4</一个>)通过腹部压缩部分劣质caval静脉阻塞(<一个href="#B1">1</一个>]。许多麻醉头集中在一个头枕在容易定位,特别是在更多的扩展程序,例如,脊柱手术。然而,因为它是更少的麻烦和/或头部位置可能不被认为是重要的许多病人被放置在头部的位置。这种情况尤其当使用喉罩气道的手术俯卧姿势,这是一个越来越多的使用实践(<一个href="#B5">5</一个>- - - - - -<一个href="#B9">9</一个>]。麻醉病人,减少positioning-related有限公司由正压通风放大。并发症容易定位往往与头部sideward-rotated位置包括颈动脉或静脉闭塞、和伤害的颈椎和周围神经<一个href="#B1">1</一个>,<一个href="#B6">6</一个>,<一个href="#B10">10</一个>]。特别是颈动脉和椎动脉闭塞和解剖和大脑中动脉(MCA)梗死与头部的转动或扩展<一个href="#B1">1</一个>]。在最近的一次审查,术后视力丧失作为一个公认的并发症容易定位与血流动力学改变(<一个href="#B10">10</一个>]。正压呼吸在仰卧位减少脑血流量(<一个href="#B11">11</一个>]。也容易定位提出了颅内压与潜在的不良后果脑灌注和/或脑静脉引流(<一个href="#B12">12</一个>]。额外的侧面的头部的旋转在那个位置会导致静脉压与潜在的脑静脉流出障碍。在婴儿、定位与头部旋转与仰卧位头集中降低了经颅多普勒MCA血流速度(MCA决定<gydF4y2Basvg height="14.35" id="M16" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt;width:33.424999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 33.424999 14.35" width="33.424999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.76,60.66)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
米</tgydF4y2Baspan>
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e</tgydF4y2Baspan>
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</svg>)[<一个href="#B13">13</一个>]。同时,头部的旋转增加脑血容量归因于引流静脉的损伤(<一个href="#B14">14</一个>)在成人头部方向的影响而容易定位并没有被研究过。我们假设在正压呼吸在俯卧姿势,头部旋转会降低大脑中动脉<gydF4y2Basvg height="14.35" id="M17" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt;width:33.424999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 33.424999 14.35" width="33.424999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.35)">
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</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.76,60.66)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
米</tgydF4y2Baspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0">
e</tgydF4y2Baspan>
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n</tgydF4y2Baspan>
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</g>
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</svg>。我们着手调查系统血液动力学遵循MCA和脑动脉和静脉特征<gydF4y2Basvg height="14.35" id="M18" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt;width:33.424999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 33.424999 14.35" width="33.424999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.76,60.66)">
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</g>
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</svg>作为一个索引的脑血流量和颈静脉直径的卧姿,没有正压呼吸和/或头旋转。</gydF4y2Bap>
<h4 id="materials-and-methods">2。材料和方法</gydF4y2Bah4>
<p>女性22岁健康志愿者(7)岁<gydF4y2Basvg height="12.05" id="M19" style="vertical-align:-1.09097pt;width:41.224998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 41.224998 12.05" width="41.224998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.618887" y="0">
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</svg>年(平均值±标准偏差),高度<gydF4y2Basvg height="12.05" id="M20" style="vertical-align:-1.09097pt;width:56.849998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 56.849998 12.05" width="56.849998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.530167" y="0">
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<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.870388" y="0">
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<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.121887" y="0">
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</svg>厘米,体重<gydF4y2Basvg height="12.05" id="M21" style="vertical-align:-1.09097pt;width:49.037498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 49.037498 12.05" width="49.037498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.870388" y="0">
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</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>公斤参加了这次调查。都给了他们的知情同意包含之前的研究。这项研究是经伦理委员会批准哥本哈根和外柯林斯(KF 01 287338)和执行符合《赫尔辛基宣言》。</gydF4y2Bap>
<p>MCA<gydF4y2Basvg height="14.35" id="M22" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt;width:33.424999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 33.424999 14.35" width="33.424999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.35)">
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</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.76,60.66)">
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米</tgydF4y2Baspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0">
e</tgydF4y2Baspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.694944" y="0">
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</svg>测量使用设计水线多流的4倍多普勒仪器(设计水线,Sipplingen,德国)。右侧大脑中动脉的近端部分是受到声波的作用深度45-57毫米通过“postero-temporal窗口。“最佳信噪比后成立调查是用胶固定超声波凝胶(张力的,帕克实验室Inc .,费尔菲尔德,新泽西,美国),坚定了使用一个定制的头巾。一个清晰的、柔软的塑料面具(VBM Medizintechnik GmbH, Sulz,德国)是安装在每个主题的鼻子和嘴周围用松紧带后脑勺:正压呼吸应用使用Whisperflow固定流发生器使用加压室内空气和Whisperflow等压持续气道正压(CPAP)与10而言不啻阀门<gydF4y2Basub>2</gydF4y2Basub>O开启压力(Caradyne,高威,爱尔兰)。</gydF4y2Bap>
<p></p>
<p>由Finometer手指动脉压测量仪(Finapres医疗系统,阿姆斯特丹,荷兰)。袖口是应用于midphalanx优势手的中指放在心脏水平。10个学科有一个1.1毫米内径动脉导管放置在桡动脉的非惯用手。血液气体分析在ABL 800 -系列设备(辐射计,哥本哈根,丹麦)。所有的变量都是A / D转换,采样率为100 Hz, 16位(1000年PCI-Base硬件和NextView软件(BMC Messsysteme GmbH,柏林,德国))通过个人电脑和存储进行脱机分析。</gydF4y2Bap>
<p>颈内静脉的横截面积(<gydF4y2Basvg height="16.8375" id="M23" style="vertical-align:-5.04861pt;width:25.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 25.9375 16.8375" width="25.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.8375)">
<g transform="translate(72,-58.53)">
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</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.99,60.48)">
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j</tgydF4y2Baspan>
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<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0">
g</tgydF4y2Baspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>)测量使用LOGIQ 500 pro系列超声波机(美国通用电气医疗系统、密尔沃基、WI)适应Cirovic方法测量颈横截面积(<一个href="#B15">15</一个>]。所有测量数据进行9 MHz线性探针垂直于皮肤表面标记之间等距乳突和颈切口。静脉的压缩是避免运用丰富的超声凝胶从而减少皮肤压力的调查。超声图像是冻结在end-expiration进行脱机分析。</gydF4y2Bap>
<h5 id="sec2.1">2.1。协议</gydF4y2Bah5>
<p>仪器后,主题是仰卧的放在一个Alphamaquet 1150操作表(Maquet、Rastatt、德国)和休息30分钟。3身体位置测量进行以随机的顺序有或没有10而言不啻的补充<gydF4y2Basub>2</gydF4y2Basub>O CPAP:(1)仰卧位,(2)头为中心,支持的额头、颧骨马蹄头枕补充衬垫,和(3)容易头向右旋转80度~休息的软枕头。每个测量周期由4分钟的呼吸环境压力和正压呼吸的4分钟;也以随机的顺序。基线与0而言不啻是仰卧位<gydF4y2Basub>2</gydF4y2Basub>CPAP的O。动脉血液气体样本获得在过去15秒的干预。最后2分钟内每个干预,颈内静脉(导线截面积<gydF4y2Basvg height="16.8375" id="M24" style="vertical-align:-5.04861pt;width:25.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 25.9375 16.8375" width="25.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.8375)">
<g transform="translate(72,-58.53)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.61)">
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</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.99,60.48)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
j</tgydF4y2Baspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.4330561" y="0">
u</tgydF4y2Baspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0">
g</tgydF4y2Baspan>
</text>
</g>
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</svg>)被量化。</gydF4y2Bap>
<h5 id="sec2.2">2.2。数据分析</gydF4y2Bah5>
<p>手指动脉压力曲线进行了分析使用Beatscope软件(Finapres医疗系统,阿姆斯特丹,荷兰)。Beat-to-beat收缩压、舒张压和平均动脉压(MAP),以及中风量(SV)、从动脉压力脉搏波计算通过离线模型流分析(<一个href="#B16">16</一个>]。这个方法计算一个主动脉流波形通过模拟一个非线性的、时变的主动脉输入阻抗模型,从而计算SV。SV和公司的变化跟踪准确,而绝对值需要校准对菲克原理方法(<一个href="#B17">17</一个>- - - - - -<一个href="#B19">19</一个>]。地图是获得积分的压力在一个节拍除以相应的节拍长度。心率(HR) interbeat间隔的倒数。公司的产品是SV和人力资源。所有变量都被转换成了等距重新取样数据在1赫兹的多项式插值和平均每隔30秒就结束之前每个干预。相对于基线变化报告。</gydF4y2Bap>
<h5 id="sec2.3">2.3。统计分析</gydF4y2Bah5>
<p>平均在一个采样周期获得的数据表示为±SEM。数据从一个采样点(颈腔的面积)是用平均数±标准差表示。正压呼吸和头部位置的影响大脑和系统性的结果变量是使用配对进行了测试<gydF4y2Bai>t</gydF4y2Bai>干预之间以及感兴趣的(容易与仰卧位;易转过头与倾向;环境与正压呼吸在不同位置)。一个<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.325" id="M25" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:11.75px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.75 10.325" width="11.75" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.74)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tgydF4y2Baspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>值< 0.05被认为是表明一个统计上的显著差异。</gydF4y2Bap>
<h4 id="results">3所示。结果</gydF4y2Bah4>
<h5 id="sec3.1">3.1。卧姿和头部旋转</gydF4y2Bah5>
<p>SV和减少从仰卧位、卧姿一起增加地图。MCA<gydF4y2Basvg height="14.35" id="M26" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt;width:33.424999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 33.424999 14.35" width="33.424999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.35)">
<g transform="translate(72,-60.52)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tgydF4y2Baspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.76,60.66)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
米</tgydF4y2Baspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0">
e</tgydF4y2Baspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.694944" y="0">
一个</tgydF4y2Baspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="14.580832" y="0">
n</tgydF4y2Baspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>,帕<gydF4y2Basub>2</gydF4y2Basub>和PaO<gydF4y2Basub>2</gydF4y2Basub>保持不变(表<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/arp/2012/647258/tab1/" target="_blank">1</一个>,图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/arp/2012/647258/fig1/" target="_blank">1</一个>)。头旋转右边的卧姿增加地图进一步但SV, CO, MCA<gydF4y2Basvg height="14.35" id="M27" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt;width:33.424999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 33.424999 14.35" width="33.424999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.35)">
<g transform="translate(72,-60.52)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tgydF4y2Baspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.76,60.66)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
米</tgydF4y2Baspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0">
e</tgydF4y2Baspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.694944" y="0">
一个</tgydF4y2Baspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="14.580832" y="0">
n</tgydF4y2Baspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>,帕<gydF4y2Basub>2</gydF4y2Basub>,PaO<gydF4y2Basub>2</gydF4y2Basub>不变。</gydF4y2Bap>
<div class="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="tab1">
<div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-tab1">
<table class="table-group" id="tab1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<table class="table">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="thead-hr" colspan="7">
<hr></td>
</tr>
<tr class="thead">
<td align="left">位置</tgydF4y2Bad>
<td align="center" colspan="2">仰卧的</tgydF4y2Bad>
<td align="center" colspan="2">倾向</tgydF4y2Bad>
<td align="center" colspan="2">易w /头了</tgydF4y2Bad>
</tr>
<tr class="thead">
<td align="left">CPAP</tgydF4y2Bad>
<td align="center">0而言不啻<gydF4y2Basub>2</gydF4y2Basub>O</tgydF4y2Bad>
<td align="center">10而言不啻<gydF4y2Basub>2</gydF4y2Basub>O</tgydF4y2Bad>
<td align="center">0而言不啻<gydF4y2Basub>2</gydF4y2Basub>O</tgydF4y2Bad>
<td align="center">10而言不啻<gydF4y2Basub>2</gydF4y2Basub>O</tgydF4y2Bad>
<td align="center">0而言不啻<gydF4y2Basub>2</gydF4y2Basub>O</tgydF4y2Bad>
<td align="center">10而言不啻<gydF4y2Basub>2</gydF4y2Basub>O</tgydF4y2Bad>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="thead-hr" colspan="7">
<hr></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">ΔMCA<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.575" id="M28" style="vertical-align:-0.20064pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 12.625 10.575" width="12.625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.575)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.54)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tgydF4y2Baspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg><sub>的意思是</gydF4y2Basub>(%)</tgydF4y2Bad>
<td align="center">0±0</tgydF4y2Bad>
<td align="center">−6.8±2.5<gydF4y2Basup>__</gydF4y2Basup></td>
<td align="center">−2.0±2.4</tgydF4y2Bad>
<td align="center">−4.4±2.8</tgydF4y2Bad>
<td align="center">−3.9±2.6</tgydF4y2Bad>
<td align="center">−8.6±3.2<gydF4y2Basup>__</gydF4y2Basup></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">ΔSV (%)</tgydF4y2Bad>
<td align="center">0±0</tgydF4y2Bad>
<td align="center">−3.0±0.8<gydF4y2Basup>__</gydF4y2Basup></td>
<td align="center">−5.4±1.5 *</tgydF4y2Bad>
<td align="center">−9.3±1.3<gydF4y2Basup>__</gydF4y2Basup></td>
<td align="center">−5.7±1.6 *</tgydF4y2Bad>
<td align="center">−9.0±1.4<gydF4y2Basup>__</gydF4y2Basup></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">ΔCO (%)</tgydF4y2Bad>
<td align="center">0±0</tgydF4y2Bad>
<td align="center">−3.4±1.4<gydF4y2Basup>__</gydF4y2Basup></td>
<td align="center">−2.3±1.9 *</tgydF4y2Bad>
<td align="center">−7.2±2.4<gydF4y2Basup>__</gydF4y2Basup></td>
<td align="center">−2.6±1.6 *</tgydF4y2Bad>
<td align="center">−6.4±1.7<gydF4y2Basup>__</gydF4y2Basup></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">人力资源管理(bpm)</tgydF4y2Bad>
<td align="center">59±2</tgydF4y2Bad>
<td align="center">59±2</tgydF4y2Bad>
<td align="center">61±2</tgydF4y2Bad>
<td align="center">61±2</tgydF4y2Bad>
<td align="center">62±2</tgydF4y2Bad>
<td align="center">61±2</tgydF4y2Bad>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">地图(毫米汞柱)</tgydF4y2Bad>
<td align="center">78±2</tgydF4y2Bad>
<td align="center">79±2<gydF4y2Basup>__</gydF4y2Basup></td>
<td align="center">80±3 *</tgydF4y2Bad>
<td align="center">84±3<gydF4y2Basup>__</gydF4y2Basup></td>
<td align="center">84±3 *</tgydF4y2Bad>
<td align="center">87±2<gydF4y2Basup>__</gydF4y2Basup></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">
<svg height="10.55" id="M29" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.325 10.55" width="11.325" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.55)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.56)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.61)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tgydF4y2Baspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg><sub>jugR</gydF4y2Basub>(cm<gydF4y2Basup>2</gydF4y2Basup>)</tgydF4y2Bad>
<td align="center">1.0±0.5</tgydF4y2Bad>
<td align="center">1.4±0.5<gydF4y2Basup>__</gydF4y2Basup></td>
<td align="center">* 1.9±0.8</tgydF4y2Bad>
<td align="center">2.1±0.9<gydF4y2Basup>__</gydF4y2Basup></td>
<td align="center">* 0.9±1.1</tgydF4y2Bad>
<td align="center">1.2±1.0<gydF4y2Basup>__</gydF4y2Basup></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">
<svg height="10.55" id="M30" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.325 10.55" width="11.325" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.55)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.56)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.61)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tgydF4y2Baspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg><sub>jugL</gydF4y2Basub>(cm<gydF4y2Basup>2</gydF4y2Basup>)</tgydF4y2Bad>
<td align="center">0.7±0.4</tgydF4y2Bad>
<td align="center">0.9±0.5<gydF4y2Basup>__</gydF4y2Basup></td>
<td align="center">* 1.3±0.7</tgydF4y2Bad>
<td align="center">1.2±0.6<gydF4y2Basup>__</gydF4y2Basup></td>
<td align="center">* 1.1±0.6</tgydF4y2Bad>
<td align="center">1.2±0.6<gydF4y2Basup>__</gydF4y2Basup></td>
</tr>
<tr class="table-tr">
<td colspan="7">
<hr class="tbody-hr"></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></td>
</tr>
<tr class="table-fn">
<td>大脑中动脉的变化意味着血液速度(ΔMCA<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.575" id="M31" style="vertical-align:-0.20064pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 12.625 10.575" width="12.625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.575)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.54)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tgydF4y2Baspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg><sub>的意思是</gydF4y2Basub>)、平均动脉压(MAP)、心脏中风体积(ΔSV)、心输出量(ΔCO)、心率(HR)和左、右颈内静脉横截面积(<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.55" id="M32" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.325 10.55" width="11.325" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.55)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.56)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.61)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tgydF4y2Baspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg><sub>jugR</gydF4y2Basub>,<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.55" id="M33" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.325 10.55" width="11.325" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.55)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.56)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.61)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tgydF4y2Baspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg><sub>jugL</gydF4y2Basub>CPAP 0而言不啻期间)<gydF4y2Basub>2</gydF4y2Basub>O和10而言不啻<gydF4y2Basub>2</gydF4y2Basub>o . *显著不同于仰卧位,<gydF4y2Basvg height="11.25" id="M34" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 56.150002 11.25" width="56.150002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.25)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tgydF4y2Baspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.890113" y="0">
<</tgydF4y2Baspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.930502" y="0">
0</tgydF4y2Baspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.182001" y="0">
。</tgydF4y2Baspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.307751" y="0">
0</tgydF4y2Baspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.559254" y="0">
5</tgydF4y2Baspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>。<gydF4y2Basup>__</gydF4y2Basup>从0而言不啻显著不同<gydF4y2Basub>2</gydF4y2Basub>O CPAP。<gydF4y2Babr></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div class="floats-partial-footer">
<div class="floats-partial-caption">
<span class="caption-text">表1</gydF4y2Baspan>
<a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/arp/2012/647258/tab1/" title="" target="_blank"></a>
</div>
<div class="floats-partial-caption-text">
系统性和脑循环和颈静脉反应持续气道正压(CPAP)在身体不同的位置。</gydF4y2Badiv>
</div>
</div>
<div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig1">
<div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig1">
<div class="partial-carousel--single-image">
<img alt="" name="647258.fig.001" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/arp/volume-2012/647258/figures/647258.fig.001.jpg">
<br>
<strong></strong>
</div>
</div>
<div class="floats-partial-footer">
<div class="floats-partial-caption">
<span class="caption-text">图1</gydF4y2Baspan>
<a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/arp/2012/647258/fig1/" title="" target="_blank"></a>
</div>
<div class="floats-partial-caption-text">
<svg height="14.35" id="M35" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 33.424999 14.35" width="33.424999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.35)">
<g transform="translate(72,-60.52)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tgydF4y2Baspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.76,60.66)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
米</tgydF4y2Baspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0">
e</tgydF4y2Baspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.694944" y="0">
一个</tgydF4y2Baspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="14.580832" y="0">
n</tgydF4y2Baspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>
<sub>2</gydF4y2Basub>
<sub>2</gydF4y2Basub>
<sub>2</gydF4y2Basub>
<table>
系统性和脑循环反应持续气道正压(CPAP)在身体不同的位置。大脑中动脉的变化意味着血液速度(ΔMCA)gydF4y2Ba、平均动脉压(ΔMAP),心脏中风体积(ΔSV)、心输出量(ΔCO)而言不啻CPAP 0OgydF4y2Ba(圈),10而言不啻OgydF4y2Ba(三角形)。实心圆表示从仰卧的统计上的显著差异。了三角形表示10而言不啻统计上显著的影响OCPAPgydF4y2Ba。</t一个ble>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<h5 id="sec3.2">3.2。正压呼吸</gydF4y2Bah5>
<p>在仰卧位,另外10而言不啻<gydF4y2Basub>2</gydF4y2Basub>O CPAP增加地图稍微更容易当。SV和减少与正压呼吸不管身体位置。MCA<gydF4y2Basvg height="14.35" id="M36" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt;width:33.424999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 33.424999 14.35" width="33.424999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.35)">
<g transform="translate(72,-60.52)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tgydF4y2Baspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.76,60.66)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
米</tgydF4y2Baspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0">
e</tgydF4y2Baspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.694944" y="0">
一个</tgydF4y2Baspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="14.580832" y="0">
n</tgydF4y2Baspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>减少与正压呼吸在仰卧位。CPAP PaO增加<gydF4y2Basub>2</gydF4y2Basub>主要在仰卧位,而帕<gydF4y2Basub>2</gydF4y2Basub>保持不变(表<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/arp/2012/647258/tab1/" target="_blank">1</一个>,图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/arp/2012/647258/fig1/" target="_blank">1</一个>)。</gydF4y2Bap>
<h5 id="sec3.3">3.3。正压呼吸和头部的转动</gydF4y2Bah5>
<p>减少SV和公司类似的卧姿头为中心,而地图达到最高的价值。MCA<gydF4y2Basvg height="14.35" id="M37" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt;width:33.424999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 33.424999 14.35" width="33.424999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.35)">
<g transform="translate(72,-60.52)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tgydF4y2Baspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.76,60.66)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
米</tgydF4y2Baspan>
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</svg>达到了最低点的正压呼吸head-rotated卧姿(表<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/arp/2012/647258/tab1/" target="_blank">1</一个>,图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/arp/2012/647258/fig1/" target="_blank">1</一个>)。帕科<gydF4y2Basub>2</gydF4y2Basub>保持不变。</gydF4y2Bap>
<h5 id="sec3.4">3.4。颈静脉直径</gydF4y2Bah5>
<p>在仰卧位和头部为中心的卧姿,颈静脉直径是~ 40 - 75%大的右边。容易定位增加两岸但颈静脉直径减少头部向右旋转特别是右边(表<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/arp/2012/647258/tab1/" target="_blank">1</一个>)。</gydF4y2Bap>
<h4 id="discussion">4所示。讨论</gydF4y2Bah4>
<p>这项研究的结果提供了洞察容易定位的影响,头部旋转和正压呼吸对大脑灌注和大脑静脉引流。侧向旋转头的卧姿和积极的呼吸一起缩小了同侧颈内静脉~ MCA减少10%<gydF4y2Basvg height="14.35" id="M38" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt;width:33.424999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 33.424999 14.35" width="33.424999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.76,60.66)">
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米</tgydF4y2Baspan>
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e</tgydF4y2Baspan>
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</svg>尽管高架地图。这些结果表明,对于这种普遍应用麻醉方法脑血流量和cerebrovenous排水都是最佳只有头部为中心。</gydF4y2Bap>
<p>经颅多普勒超声监测血液流速峰值而不是体积流量的变化受到声波的作用血管的直径可以独立调节速度的体积流量。在颅骨切开术,MCA的直径保持不变甚至大型动脉压的变化(<一个href="#B20">20.</一个>]。恒常性MCA的直径的确定与磁共振成像在二氧化碳张力的变化和在模拟orthostasis进一步支持,MCA没有参与调节大脑血管阻力(<一个href="#B21">21</一个>MCA)链接变化<gydF4y2Basvg height="14.35" id="M39" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt;width:33.424999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 33.424999 14.35" width="33.424999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.76,60.66)">
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米</tgydF4y2Baspan>
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</svg>与脑血流量(<一个href="#B22">22</一个>]。</gydF4y2Bap>
<p>Finometer和TCD变量都是A / D转换和存储进行脱机分析。离线分析涉及到检测和手动切除工件与随后的半自动的数据提取。半自动的过程让小潜力引入偏见。颈静脉区域得到离线手动跟踪静脉的轮廓。潜在的偏见存在在我们考虑致盲不切实际,因为头部的位置显示了变形结构的超声图像。</gydF4y2Bap>
<p>卧姿,我们观察到一个小心脏中风减少体积和输出(图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/arp/2012/647258/fig1/" target="_blank">1</一个>)依照早先报道可能反映了静脉麻醉病人返回(<一个href="#B23">23</一个>]。颈内静脉横截面积的近似两倍的位置低于心脏水平表明被动重力颈静脉扩张(表<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/arp/2012/647258/tab1/" target="_blank">1</一个>)。然而,MCA<gydF4y2Basvg height="14.35" id="M40" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt;width:33.424999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 33.424999 14.35" width="33.424999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.76,60.66)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
米</tgydF4y2Baspan>
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e</tgydF4y2Baspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.694944" y="0">
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</svg>在很大程度上影响(图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/arp/2012/647258/fig1/" target="_blank">1</一个>)。</gydF4y2Bap>
<p>头旋转的卧姿图增加了~ 4毫米汞柱(图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/arp/2012/647258/fig1/" target="_blank">1</一个>)可能的颈动脉压力感受器反射卸载从软组织改变压力反射增加交感神经活动(<一个href="#B24">24</一个>]。头旋转吸引耳石器官和前庭耳石刺激交感神经活动可能增加压力感受反射卸载期间(<一个href="#B25">25</一个>]。正压呼吸也增强了肌肉交感神经活动和休息减少尿输出和钠排泄与持续正压呼吸归因于心肺感受器卸货(<一个href="#B26">26</一个>]。增强交感神经活动调节大脑血管张力的贡献可能被考虑。从仰卧位映射到卧姿的增加可能通过交感神经活动增加并不是伴随着MCA的变化<gydF4y2Basvg height="14.35" id="M41" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt;width:33.424999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 33.424999 14.35" width="33.424999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.76,60.66)">
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米</tgydF4y2Baspan>
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e</tgydF4y2Baspan>
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n</tgydF4y2Baspan>
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</svg>反映脑血管自动调整机制的完整性。相比之下,正压呼吸与MCA一起减少心输出量<gydF4y2Basvg height="14.35" id="M42" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt;width:33.424999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 33.424999 14.35" width="33.424999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.35)">
<g transform="translate(72,-60.52)">
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</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.76,60.66)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
米</tgydF4y2Baspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0">
e</tgydF4y2Baspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.694944" y="0">
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</svg>而地图增加。限制公司挑战极限流映射到大脑(<一个href="#B27">27</一个>,<一个href="#B28">28</一个>),但地图不受到限制的情况下有限公司的影响交感神经刺激对CBF没有体现<一个href="#B29">29日</一个>]。因此,在这项研究中,我们考虑一个改变脑静脉流出阻力而不是主宰CBF交感神经活动。</gydF4y2Bap>
<p>与MCA的头向恒常性<gydF4y2Basvg height="14.35" id="M43" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt;width:33.424999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 33.424999 14.35" width="33.424999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.35)">
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</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.76,60.66)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
米</tgydF4y2Baspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0">
e</tgydF4y2Baspan>
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n</tgydF4y2Baspan>
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</g>
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</svg>尽管~ 50%减少维护吗<gydF4y2Basvg height="16.8375" id="M44" style="vertical-align:-5.04861pt;width:33.237499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 33.237499 16.8375" width="33.237499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.99,60.48)">
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<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="11.185056" y="0">
R</tgydF4y2Baspan>
</text>
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</g>
</svg>。脑静脉系统的特点是许多络脉空虚的阀门指挥血流(<一个href="#B30">30.</一个>),解释了为什么压缩一个颈静脉是没有结果的脑血流量,只要中央血容量维持。旋转本身似乎是没什么影响的脑血液供应自旋转头的仰卧位叶常见和颈内动脉的直径不变(<一个href="#B31">31日</一个>]。我们的受试者头部支持马蹄头枕避免外部压力的脖子,和我们认为损害动脉脑流入可能造成MCA的减少<gydF4y2Basvg height="14.35" id="M45" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt;width:33.424999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 33.424999 14.35" width="33.424999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.76,60.66)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
米</tgydF4y2Baspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0">
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</svg>。然而,prone-positioned麻醉患者颈动脉压缩不能排除,例如,通过外部压缩支持枕头和/或不恰当的延伸/旋转。只有~ 40%的正常人有一个完整的动脉环保持血液流向大脑的侧端与单边闭塞(<一个href="#B32">32</一个>]。因此,动脉环的变化可能影响脑血流动力学头旋转后的卧姿。此外,尤其是不完整的动脉环的一侧头旋转血流动力学反应的重要性,但这并不在我们的研究调查。</gydF4y2Bap>
<p>在仰卧的MCA时正压呼吸<gydF4y2Basvg height="14.35" id="M46" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt;width:33.424999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 33.424999 14.35" width="33.424999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.76,60.66)">
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米</tgydF4y2Baspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0">
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</svg>减少与SV和符合早期报告(<一个href="#B11">11</一个>),反映出中央血容量减少由正压呼吸(<一个href="#B33">33</一个>]。本研究的条件下,帕科缺乏变化<gydF4y2Basub>2</gydF4y2Basub>CPAP呈现公司的作用<gydF4y2Basub>2</gydF4y2Basub>CBF不大可能。</gydF4y2Bap>
<p>在正压呼吸卧姿MCA为中心的头部<gydF4y2Basvg height="14.35" id="M47" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt;width:33.424999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 33.424999 14.35" width="33.424999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.35)">
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</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.76,60.66)">
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</svg>保持尽管进一步减少SV和有限公司这个观察是兼容的观念,增加脑灌注压的卧姿可能维持CBF图吗<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/arp/2012/647258/fig1/" target="_blank">1</一个>)[<一个href="#B34">34</一个>,<一个href="#B35">35</一个>]。</gydF4y2Bap>
<p>MCA<gydF4y2Basvg height="14.35" id="M48" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt;width:33.424999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 33.424999 14.35" width="33.424999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.35)">
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</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.76,60.66)">
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<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.694944" y="0">
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</svg>~ 10%的最低点低于基线的head-rotated卧姿与正压呼吸。减少范围内观察到在日常的生理挑战,也就是说,站起来(<一个href="#B36">36</一个>]。相比之下,与临床缺血(~ 50%下降<一个href="#B22">22</一个>和晕厥<一个href="#B33">33</一个>]。作为全身麻醉具有良好的供应/需求概要脑氧flux-even感应期间,在心血管抑郁往往是最大<一个href="#B37">37</一个>),它可以认为由卧姿的变化是大多数病人的临床意义。然而,即使小减少脑血供应可能有害的设置已经受损的脑灌注,例如,在老年人与血管疾病(<一个href="#B12">12</一个>,<一个href="#B34">34</一个>,<一个href="#B35">35</一个>,<一个href="#B38">38</一个>]。</gydF4y2Bap>
<p>10而言不啻的施加压力<gydF4y2Basub>2</gydF4y2Basub>O CPAP的(平均)类似于胸内压的时候通风健康的病人在卧姿<一个href="#B39">39</一个>而在肺部疾病的存在或肥胖通胀压力可能超过这个值。中央血容量减少的附带效应正压呼吸并减少CO和MCA<gydF4y2Basvg height="14.35" id="M49" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt;width:33.424999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 33.424999 14.35" width="33.424999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
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</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.76,60.66)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
米</tgydF4y2Baspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0">
e</tgydF4y2Baspan>
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</g>
</svg>。这些新发现的临床意义,因为它们表明CBF静脉压缩可能受损的头向卧姿挑战中央血容量时正压呼吸。</gydF4y2Bap>
<p>个人健康清醒,正压呼吸减少MCA的卧姿<gydF4y2Basvg height="14.35" id="M50" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt;width:33.424999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 33.424999 14.35" width="33.424999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.35)">
<g transform="translate(72,-60.52)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tgydF4y2Baspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.76,60.66)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
米</tgydF4y2Baspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0">
e</tgydF4y2Baspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.694944" y="0">
一个</tgydF4y2Baspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="14.580832" y="0">
n</tgydF4y2Baspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>特别是当头部旋转。这些结果可能对病人麻醉和通风的影响。假设在卧姿CBF和cerebrovenous排水都是最佳只有头部中心应该在接受全身麻醉的患者进行测试。</gydF4y2Bap>
<h4 id="acknowledgments">确认</gydF4y2Bah4>
<p>作者感谢员工的临床生理学和诊断放射学,Bispebjerg大学医院的设备提供贷款的研究。</gydF4y2Bap>
</div>
<div class="xml-content">
<h4 class="references" id="references">引用</gydF4y2Bah4>
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<li id="B25">t . l . Shortt c·a·雷,“交感神经和血管反应在人类头脖子弯曲,”<gydF4y2Bai>美国生理学杂志》上</gydF4y2Bai>,卷272,不。4、第2部分,H1780-H1784, 1997页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Sympathetic%20and%20vascular%20responses%20to%20head-down%20neck%20flexion%20in%20humans&author=T. L. Shortt &author=C. A. Ray&publication_year=1997" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li>
<li id="B26">田中,s . Sagawa k .杨爱瑾j . r . Claybaugh和k Shiraki“肌肉交感神经活动和肾功能的变化在人类,正压呼吸”<gydF4y2Bai>美国生理学杂志》上</gydF4y2Bai>,卷266,不。4、第2部分,R1220-R1228, 1994页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Changes%20in%20muscle%20sympathetic%20nerve%20activity%20and%20renal%20function%20during%20positive-pressure%20breathing%20in%20humans&author=S. Tanaka&author=S. Sagawa&author=K. Miki&author=J. R. Claybaugh&author=&author=K. Shiraki&publication_year=1994" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li>
<li id="B27">n h .双曲正割、t·塞弗特和j·j·范·Lieshout“脑血流量和新陈代谢在练习:对疲劳的影响,“<gydF4y2Bai>应用生理学杂志</gydF4y2Bai>,卷104,不。1,第314 - 306页,2008。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00853.2007">出版商的网站</一个><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Cerebral%20blood%20flow%20and%20metabolism%20during%20exercise:%20implications%20for%20fatigue&author=N. H. Secher&author=T. Seifert&author=&author=J. J. Van Lieshout&publication_year=2008" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li>
<li id="B28">j·j·范·Lieshout和n . h .双曲正割”点上最后一句话:对位:交感神经活动/不影响脑血流量,”<gydF4y2Bai>应用生理学杂志</gydF4y2Bai>,卷105,不。4 p。1374年,2008年。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.91077.2008">出版商的网站</一个><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Last%20Word%20on%20Point:%20counterpoint:%20sympathetic%20activity%20does/does%20not%20influence%20cerebral%20blood%20flow&author=J. J. Van Lieshout &author=N. H. Secher&publication_year=2008" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li>
<li id="B29">答:比尔和j·林德,“同情控制急性动脉高血压、脑血流量的”<gydF4y2Bai>作为Scandinavica</gydF4y2Bai>,卷96,不。1,第121 - 114页,1976。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Sympathetic%20control%20of%20cerebral%20blood%20flow%20in%20acute%20arterial%20hypertension&author=A. Bill &author=J. Linder&publication_year=1976" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li>
<li id="B30">大肠Tobinick博士”,脑脊髓静脉系统:解剖学、生理学、和临床意义,”<gydF4y2Bai>《医景一般医学》</gydF4y2Bai>,8卷,不。1,53页,2006年。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=The%20cerebrospinal%20venous%20system:%20anatomy,%20physiology,%20and%20clinical%20implications&author=E. Tobinick&publication_year=2006" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li>
<li id="B31">f . p . Glor b公司,公元休斯et al .,“头位置对颈动脉血液动力学的影响在年轻的成年人,“<gydF4y2Bai>美国生理学杂志》上</gydF4y2Bai>,卷287,不。4,H1670-H1681, 2004页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.01186.2003">出版商的网站</一个><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Influence%20of%20head%20position%20on%20carotid%20hemodynamics%20in%20young%20adults&author=F. P. Glor&author=B. Ariff&author=A. D. Hughes et al.&publication_year=2004" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li>
<li id="B32">m . j . Krabbe-Hartkamp j . Van Der葛龙德f . e . De Leeuw et al .,“脑底动脉环:形态学变化三维时间——飞行先生血管造影检查。”<gydF4y2Bai>放射学</gydF4y2Bai>,卷207,不。1,第112 - 103页,1998。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Circle%20of%20Willis:%20morphologic%20variation%20on%20three-dimensional%20time-of-%20flight%20MR%20angiograms&author=M. J. Krabbe-Hartkamp&author=J. Van Der Grond&author=F. E. De Leeuw et al.&publication_year=1998" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li>
<li id="B33">j·j·范·Lieshout w .由j . m . Karemaker和n . h .双曲正割“晕厥、脑灌注和氧合。”<gydF4y2Bai>应用生理学杂志</gydF4y2Bai>,卷94,不。3、833 - 848年,2003页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Syncope,%20cerebral%20perfusion,%20and%20oxygenation&author=J. J. Van Lieshout&author=W. Wieling&author=J. M. Karemaker&author=&author=N. H. Secher&publication_year=2003" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li>
<li id="B34">m . Nekludov b . m . Bellander和m .幽禁”氧化和脑灌注压在俯卧姿势,改善”<gydF4y2Bai>Acta麻醉学</gydF4y2Bai>,50卷,不。8,932 - 936年,2006页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-6576.2006.01099.x">出版商的网站</一个><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Oxygenation%20and%20cerebral%20perfusion%20pressure%20improved%20in%20the%20prone%20position&author=M. Nekludov&author=B. M. Bellander&author=&author=M. Mure&publication_year=2006" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li>
<li id="B35">a . Thelandersson a .苹果酒,和b . Nellgard“卧姿在机械通风减少患者颅内合规、”<gydF4y2Bai>Acta麻醉学</gydF4y2Bai>,50卷,不。8,937 - 941年,2006页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-6576.2006.01037.x">出版商的网站</一个><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Prone%20position%20in%20mechanically%20ventilated%20patients%20with%20reduced%20intracranial%20compliance&author=A. Thelandersson&author=A. Cider&author=&author=B. Nellgård&publication_year=2006" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li>
<li id="B36">f . Pott j·j·范·Lieshout k . Ide·马德森和n . h .双曲正割“大脑中动脉血流速度在并发操作站的位置,”<gydF4y2Bai>应用生理学杂志</gydF4y2Bai>,卷88,不。5,1545 - 1550年,2000页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Middle%20cerebral%20artery%20blood%20velocity%20during%20a%20Valsalva%20maneuver%20in%20the%20standing%20position&author=F. Pott&author=J. J. Van Lieshout&author=K. Ide&author=P. Madsen&author=&author=N. H. Secher&publication_year=2000" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li>
<li id="B37">a·t·洛弗尔h . Owen-Reece c·e·艾·m·史密斯和j·c·戈德斯通”连续测量脑氧合的近红外光谱在麻醉诱导,“<gydF4y2Bai>麻醉与镇痛</gydF4y2Bai>,卷88,不。3、554 - 558年,1999页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Continuous%20measurement%20of%20cerebral%20oxygenation%20by%20near%20infrared%20spectroscopy%20during%20induction%20of%20anesthesia&author=A. T. Lovell&author=H. Owen-Reece&author=C. E. Elwell&author=M. Smith&author=&author=J. C. Goldstone&publication_year=1999" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li>
<li id="B38">a . i r .马斯河m .狄尔登f . Servadei n . Stocchetti和a . Unterberg“当前对创伤的建议,”<gydF4y2Bai>目前看来在急救护理</gydF4y2Bai>》第六卷,没有。4、281 - 292年,2000页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://doi.org/10.1097/00075198-200008000-00008">出版商的网站</一个><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Current%20recommendations%20for%20neurotrauma&author=A. I. R. Maas&author=M. Dearden&author=F. Servadei&author=N. Stocchetti&author=&author=A. Unterberg&publication_year=2000" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li>
<li id="B39">p·佩洛西,m .橘黄色,大肠Calappi et al .,“容易定位在全身麻醉最低限度影响呼吸力学同时提高功能余气量和增加氧张力,“<gydF4y2Bai>麻醉与镇痛</gydF4y2Bai>,卷80,不。5,955 - 960年,1995页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=The%20prone%20positioning%20during%20general%20anesthesia%20minimally%20affects%20respiratory%20mechanics%20while%20improving%20functional%20residual%20capacity%20and%20increasing%20oxygen%20tension&author=P. Pelosi&author=M. Croci&author=E. Calappi et al.&publication_year=1995" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li>
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的观点<gydF4y2Baspan>3076年</gydF4y2Baspan>
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下载<gydF4y2Baspan>1270年</gydF4y2Baspan>
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