文摘

Telepathology诊断工作的病理学家在远处了常规应用程序在过去十年。它可以分类与应用,技术解决方案,或性能的条件。诊断病理学表现区别主要诊断(例如,冰冻切片语句)辅助诊断(例如,专家咨询)和质量保证(诊断准确性,持续的教育和培训)。应用程序包含(a)冰冻切片服务;(b)专家咨询;(c)远程控制测量;和(d)教育和培训。技术解决方案区分活跃(远程控制,实时成像)系统从被动(传统显微镜处理静态成像)和性能系统互动(作业,实时成像)使用的被动(公/线,静态成像)实践。内部优先的冰冻切片服务与远程控制系统主要是执行;而专家咨询和教育/培训通常基于互联网连接与静态影像的行模式。 The image quality, transfer rates, and screen resolution of active and passive telepathology systems are sufficient for an additional or primary judgment of histological slides and cytological smears. From the technical point of view, remote control telepathology requires a fast transfer and at least near on‐line judgement of images, i.e., image acquisition, transfer and presentation can be considered one performance function. Thus, image size, line transfer rate and screen resolution define the practicability of the system. In expert consultation, the pixel resolution of images and natural color presentation are the main factors for diagnostic support, whereas the line transfer rate is of minor importance. These conditions define the technical compartments, especially size and resolution of camera and screen. The performance of commercially available systems has reached a high quality standard. Pathologists can be trained in a short time and use the systems in a routine manner. Several telepathology systems have been implemented in large Institutes of Pathology which serve for frozen section diagnosis in small hospitals located in the local area. In contrast, expert consultation is mainly performed with international connections. There is a remarkable increase of expert consultations by telepathology according to the experiences of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology or the Department of Pathology, Thoraxklinik, Heidelberg. In expansion of these experiences, a “globalization” of telepathology can be expected. Telepathology can be used to shrink the period necessary for final diagnosis by request for diagnostic assistance to colleagues working in appropriate related time zones. Telepathology is, therefore, not a substitute of conventional diagnostic procedures but a real improvement in the world of pathology.