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.expand_btn{-webkit-flex:1;-ms-flex:1;flex:1;background:url('data:image/svg+xml;base64,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') no-repeat 6px;background-position:center;margin-top:10px;min-width:55px;display:none;} @media (min-width:768px){.bOisgm .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .expand_btn{display:none;}} .bOisgm .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-text{-webkit-flex:9;-ms-flex:9;flex:9;text-align:left;padding:21px 37px 10px 0px;font-size:16px;font-weight:700;} @media (min-width:768px){.bOisgm .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-text{padding:19px 18px 10px 18px;}} @media (min-width:992px){.bOisgm .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-text{padding:19px 21px 10px 21px;}} .bOisgm .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-partial-url{-webkit-flex:1;-ms-flex:1;flex:1;background:url('data:image/svg+xml;base64,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') no-repeat 6px;background-position:center;padding:16px 0 16px 0;min-width:62px;max-width:62px;} @media (min-width:768px){.bOisgm .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-partial-url{padding:16px 0 17px 0;min-width:52px;max-width:52px;}} @media (min-width:992px){.bOisgm .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-partial-url{padding:15px 0 17px 0;min-width:60px;max-width:60px;}} .bOisgm .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-partial-url:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;} .bOisgm .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption-text{font-size:14px;padding:0px 18px 17px 22px;} @media (min-width:768px){.bOisgm .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption-text{padding:0px 15px 15px 18px;}} @media (min-width:992px){.bOisgm .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption-text{padding:0px 18px 19px 21px;}} .bOisgm .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption-text figcaption{margin:0;padding:0;} .bOisgm .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption-text svg{max-width:100%;} .bOisgm ol{font-size:16px;padding-left:32px;font-family:STIXGeneral-Regular;line-height:24px;margin:15px 0;} .bOisgm ol li{margin:10px 0;padding-left:10px;word-break:normal;} .bOisgm ol li a{word-break:break-all;} .bOisgm ol li .reflinks{display:block;} .bOisgm ol li .reflinks a{color:#4D8A17;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:pointer;} .bOisgm ol li .reflinks a:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;} .bOisgm ol li .reflinks .sep{color:#000000;} .bOisgm .table-wrapper{width:auto;overflow-x:auto;} .bOisgm .table-wrapper::-webkit-scrollbar{-webkit-appearance:none;width:5px;height:5px;} .bOisgm .table-wrapper::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb{border-radius:5px;background-color:rgba(0,0,0,.5);-webkit-box-shadow:0 0 1px rgba(255,255,255,.5);} @media (min-width:768px){.bOisgm .table-wrapper{overflow-x:auto;width:auto;-webkit-break-word:word-break;break-word:word-break;margin:0 auto;}} @media (min-width:992px){.bOisgm .table-wrapper{width:auto;}} @media (min-width:1324px){.bOisgm .table-wrapper{width:auto;}} @media (min-width:320px){.bOisgm{margin-bottom:33px;padding:0;}} @media (min-width:992px){.bOisgm{padding:0;margin-bottom:100px;}} @media (min-width:1325px){.bOisgm{margin-bottom:100px;}} .bOisgm .owl-stage{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;} .bOisgm .floats-partial-middle--thumbs{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;} .bOisgm .floats-partial-middle--thumbs .partial-carousel-dot svg{fill:#4D8A17;width:100%;} .bOisgm .floats-partial-middle--thumbs .partial-carousel-dot strong{color:#4D8A17;font-weight:500;} .bOisgm .floats-partial-middle--thumbs .partial-carousel-dot.active strong{color:#007B8B;} .bOisgm .floats-partial-middle--thumbs .partial-carousel-dot.active svg{fill:#007B8B;} .bOisgm .partial-carousel-dot{text-align:center;cursor:pointer;border:0;width:100px;padding-bottom:20px;background-color:#fff;display:table-cell;} .bOisgm .partial-carousel-dot:focus-visible{outline-offset:-3px;} .bOisgm .partial-carousel-dot strong{font-size:11px;padding-top:12px;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.bOisgm .partial-carousel-dot strong{font-size:16px;}} .bOisgm .partial-carousel-dot img{width:90px;height:90px;border:1px solid #979797;margin:10px 0;} .bOisgm .partial-carousel-wrapper .floats-partial-middle{border-top:1px solid #e3e3e3;display:block;margin-bottom:50px;padding-top:1px;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.bOisgm .partial-carousel-wrapper .floats-partial-middle{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;margin-bottom:0;}} .bOisgm .partial-carousel--single-image{overflow:hidden;text-align:center;} .bOisgm .partial-carousel--single-image 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href="//www.newsama.com/journals/wcmc/" aria-label="Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing">无线通信和移动计算</a>/<a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-gGCbJM eslOan breadCrumb" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/wcmc/contents/year/2018/" aria-label="2018">2018年</a>/<span class="sc-lcpuFF dIyyAR">文章</span> </div> <div class="threeColumn__ThreeColumnWrapper-sc-1bf4078-0 comSpQ threeColumnWrapper"> <div class="threeColumn__LeftWrapper-sc-1bf4078-1 fkVFlF leftWrapper"> <button type="button" class="sc-jeCdPy hPDggI section__button " id="sectionButton"><span class="sc-htoDjs diutvq icon__dots dots__detector icon-colored _3n-7Ho7DlfjMlZbrRr9Q4a icon-themeable" title="" font-size="22"></span>文章部分</button> <div class="sc-gtfDJT eVAVoo static_contents__section_links links__hidden "> <div id="leftSectionMenu" class="sc-GMQeP fMysxi sc-eInJlc cfvYGB left_section_menu"> <p>在这一页上</p> <span class="sc-hzDEsm gxpLsG grey" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-fOICqy iXqXlM" href="#abstract" aria-label="">文摘</a></span> <span class="sc-hzDEsm gxpLsG grey" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-fOICqy iXqXlM" href="#introduction" aria-label="">介绍</a></span> <span class="sc-hzDEsm gxpLsG grey" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-fOICqy iXqXlM" href="#related-work" aria-label="">相关工作</a></span> <span class="sc-hzDEsm gxpLsG grey" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-fOICqy iXqXlM" href="#conclusion-and-future-work" aria-label="">结论</a></span> <span class="sc-hzDEsm gxpLsG grey" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-fOICqy iXqXlM" href="#data-availability" aria-label="">数据可用性</a></span> <span class="sc-hzDEsm gxpLsG grey" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-fOICqy iXqXlM" href="#conflicts-of-interest" aria-label="">的利益冲突</a></span> <span 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article_header_class"> <div class="sc-jKVCRD knRIAt"> <span class="sc-kaNhvL icFqNo">特殊的问题</span> <h2 class="sc-LKuAh drbbAL">绿色物联网(G-IoT)</h2> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-iBEsjs bPVowM" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/wcmc/si/519354/" aria-label="">把这个特殊的问题</a> <hr class="sc-gmeYpB dcKYMv"> </div> <p class="sc-hzNEM exLcDH article_type">研究文章|开放获取</p> <div class="sc-chbbiW kzNyka article_citation"> 体积 2018年 <span class="sc-cooIXK hCCmjz">|</span>文章的ID 6421717 <span class="sc-cooIXK hCCmjz">|</span> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-fcdeBU dJIaji" href="https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/6421717" aria-label="Doi-link">https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/6421717</a> </div> <div class="sc-bmyXtO gDNLQN article_full_citation"> <div class="sc-jtggT bycqoT isHide"> <p>——“Aimtongkham,三Gia Nguyen Chakchai, ”<span>拥塞控制和预测计划使用模糊逻辑系统自适应无线传感器网络的隶属函数</span>”,<i>无线通信和移动计算</我>, 卷。2018年, 文章的ID6421717, 19   页面, 2018年。 https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/6421717</p> </div> <button class="sc-iAyFgw irxuxk sc-dEoRIm jkPgtr" color="">显示引用</button> </div> <h1 class="sc-gPEVay iUuzmH sc-kxynE cNkSqZ article_title heading-title">拥塞控制和预测计划使用模糊逻辑系统自适应无线传感器网络的隶属函数</h1> </div> <div class="sc-gpHHfC cdKJIh article_authors"> <hr class="sc-gPzReC jVvWtU hr__author"> <span class="">“Aimtongkham<a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link" href="http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5289-1149" aria-label="Redirect to Doi" target="_blank"><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje iiusBg sc-eXNvrr jzSEeN" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="16"></a>,<sup>1</sup></span> <span class="">三Gia阮<a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link" href="http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4578-9925" aria-label="Redirect to Doi" target="_blank"><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje iiusBg sc-eXNvrr jzSEeN" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="16"></a>,<sup>2</sup> 和</span> <span class=""><b>Chakchai在</b><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link" href="mailto:" aria-label="Mail Option"><span class="sc-htoDjs kNoiZu sc-gVyKpa kNPCsS icon-colored _2zt-1j0LmaF8UjTQAM413G icon-themeable" title="" font-size="16"></span></a><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link" href="http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1026-191X" aria-label="Redirect to Doi" target="_blank"><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje iiusBg sc-eXNvrr jzSEeN" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="16"></a><sup>1</sup></span> <div class="sc-kQsIoO lnoGXA isHide"> <p><sup>1</sup><span>应用网络技术(ANT)实验室,计算机科学系,理学院,孔敬、泰国孔敬大学</span></p> <p><sup>2</sup><span>信息技术部,Duy谭大学越南</span></p> </div> <button class="sc-iAyFgw irxuxk sc-cpmKsF dxqSPm" color="">显示更多</button> </div> <div class="articleContent__EditorWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-3 evMkvU"> <div class="articleContent__TextWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-8 fYrLtk"> <b>学术编辑器:</b>Al-Sakib k Pathan</div> <div class="articleContent__PublicationTimeLineWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-4 fjviok"> <div class="articleContent__PublcationCol-sc-2yl9jy-5 hgKieC notPublished"> <span class="articleContent__PublicationField-sc-2yl9jy-6 cIribm">收到了</span> <span class="articleContent__PublicationValue-sc-2yl9jy-7 khHUcu">2018年3月27日</span> </div> <div class="articleContent__PublcationCol-sc-2yl9jy-5 hgKieC notPublished"> <span class="articleContent__PublicationField-sc-2yl9jy-6 cIribm">修改后的</span> <span class="articleContent__PublicationValue-sc-2yl9jy-7 khHUcu">2018年6月21日</span> </div> <div class="articleContent__PublcationCol-sc-2yl9jy-5 hgKieC notPublished"> <span class="articleContent__PublicationField-sc-2yl9jy-6 cIribm">接受</span> <span class="articleContent__PublicationValue-sc-2yl9jy-7 khHUcu">04年7月2018年</span> </div> <div class="articleContent__PublcationCol-sc-2yl9jy-5 hgKieC isPublished"> <span class="articleContent__PublicationField-sc-2yl9jy-6 cIribm">发表</span> <span class="articleContent__PublicationValue-sc-2yl9jy-7 khHUcu">2018年8月01</span> </div> </div> </div> <article class="sc-hgHYgh bOisgm article_body "> <div> <div class="xml-content"> <h4 class="header" id="abstract">文摘</h4> <p>网络拥塞在资源受限的网络是一个关键的挑战,尤其是那些有限的带宽,以适应大容量数据传输,导致不利的服务质量,包括如包丢失和低吞吐量的影响。这个挑战是至关重要的无线传感器网络(网络),限制和约束,包括有限的计算能力、内存和传输由于独立的电池,这限制了传感器节点的寿命。确定路径,以避免拥挤的路线可以延长网络。因此,我们提出一个路径确定了网络架构,考虑了交通拥堵。架构分为三个阶段,包括最后的标准路径确定:(1)初始路径建设自上而下的分层结构,(2)与节能意识辅助路由路径推导,和(3)拥塞预测使用指数平滑法。与几个因素,如跳数,剩余能量,缓冲区占用和转发率,我们应用模糊逻辑系统的层数,以决定适当的权重中这些因素除了优化重量使用蝙蝠通过隶属度函数的算法。仿真结果表明该方法的性能优越的高吞吐量,低丢包、平衡的整体能耗,延长网络的生命周期比最先进的协议。</p> <span class="end-abs"></span> <h4 id="introduction">1。介绍</h4> <p>最近,根据加德纳(<a href="#B1">1</a>),80亿多个设备连接和相互作用形成物联网网络(物联网),其中大部分执行传感和监控任务(<a href="#B2">2</a>)和报告他们的数据在云平台进一步分析使用大数据技术(<a href="#B3">3</a>]。参与这一趋势的一个关键技术是使用无线传感器网络(网络)<a href="#B4">4</a>]。</p> <p>在网络,许多传感装置或传感器节点(SNs)相连,通常通过无线传输(例如,无线电频率(RF))来克服wire-based基础设施的限制。这些社交网站可以形成一个特设网络(多次反射传输通过继电器或中间SNs) self-computing,自给自足,自组织,可以与外部网络中的节点向网关(水槽节点或基站(BS)) (<a href="#B5">5</a>]。</p> <p>虽然SNs涉及多功能设备,包括传感、计算、存储和传输单位,关键的限制是在他们的能源消耗。电池的自备供应决定了SN一生。除了几轮的优点,有很多挑战,比如路由、定位、服务质量(QoS)和安全(<a href="#B6">6</a>,<a href="#B7">7</a>]。特别是大规模网络流量在网络上是巨大的,导致数据传输问题在确定最优路径汇聚节点以及各拓扑异构交通,特别是随机非均匀流量一旦部署到森林和灾区等地(<a href="#B8">8</a>,<a href="#B9">9</a>),从而缩短整个网络的生命周期,导致网络拥塞控制问题(<a href="#B10">10</a>,<a href="#B11">11</a>)导体的热功率监测等应用在电力系统中,生命传感器监测在医疗应用中,地震预警系统(<a href="#B12">12</a>,<a href="#B13">13</a>]。</p> <p>传统上,堵塞是影响网络表现的主要问题之一,尤其是在高密度节点从有线<a href="#B14">14</a>)无线(<a href="#B15">15</a>尤其是网络。不同于其他人,WSN具有特定的特征,如非常低的能源通过电池操作和低带宽,伟大的关心拥堵的<a href="#B16">16</a>]。一般来说,两个主要方法是用来缓解网络拥塞:交通管制(TC)和资源控制(RC) [<a href="#B17">17</a>,<a href="#B18">18</a>]。前者是用于调整传输速率,例如,添加剂增加乘法减少(AIMD)。这种技术经常措施目前的带宽和调整率基于SNs的传播考虑公平的存在。TC的关键优势是突然的影响减轻拥堵的降低发送速率;然而,主要的限制可能的低吞吐量和丢包在拥堵的初始阶段。</p> <p>一般来说,有三种类型的拥堵<a href="#B19">19</a>]:在源节点同时传输数据造成的(通过SNs接近另一个),在一个中间节点(由于数据聚合和父节点部分的策略,特别是,缓冲区溢出),和在水槽节点(造成太多的孩子只发送流量水槽节点在同一时间)。这些类型的拥堵会造成丢包,延迟,和低吞吐量。</p> <p>后一种方法,钢筋混凝土,主要指的是一种方法,不仅限于降低发送速率;然而,在无线通信、多个路径通常是直接到目的地(BS)。备用路径选择(其中一个迂回的目的地是由继电器或SNs)是一种类型的RC。在这种方法中,关键优势是平衡资源网络(即。可用的SNs),导致更高的吞吐量。这种方法是我们在目前的研究焦点。</p> <p>RC-based方法,有几个因素会影响网络性能,特别是拥堵缓解,如缓冲区占用、传输速率、发送者和接收者之间的距离,最重要的是,能量。没有这些因素之间的线性关系。因此,尽管RC-based方法的好处,包丢失和低吞吐量仍然可能由于不合适的路径选择,考虑到这些因素。</p> <p>因此,我们专注于增强RC通过考虑一个可能堵塞预测;特别是,我们寻求最佳替代路径之前拥堵使用模糊逻辑系统(FLS)自适应路径确定考虑到缓冲区占用,转发率、跳数,和剩余能量,称为模糊优化基于逻辑的拥塞控制方案与指数平滑法预测了网络(的)。我们的贡献如下:<span class="list"><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label">(我)</span><span class="list-content">提出一个架构在网络拥塞缓解。</span></span><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label">(2)</span><span class="list-content">采用指数平滑法预测缓冲区占用。</span></span><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label">(3)</span><span class="list-content">FLS的确定适当的权重申请路径跳数,确定考虑到剩余的能量,缓冲入住率和转发率。</span></span><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label">(iv)</span><span class="list-content">优化FLS的蝙蝠算法(蝙蝠)优化隶属函数。</span></span></span></p> <p>本文的其余部分组织如下:在部分<a href="#sec2">2</a>,我们回顾相关工作在拥塞控制和关注resource-control-based方法和模糊集成。部分<a href="#sec3">3</a>提供我们的无线传感器网络模型的假设和定义。节<a href="#sec4">4</a>我们建议的方法,它是基于一个fuzzy-based拥塞控制和预测方案,。部分<a href="#sec5">5</a>通过仿真结果提出并讨论了绩效评价。最后,结论和未来的研究方向进行了讨论<a href="#sec6">6</a>。</p> <h4 id="related-work">2。相关工作</h4> <p>在本节中,我们关注RC-based网络拥塞控制。我们还讨论工作FLS-based拥塞控制和预测。</p> <p>RC Topology-Aware资源的开拓方法适应拥塞避免(塔拉),由j·康提出et al。<a href="#B20">20.</a>]。作者提出了拓扑控制,适用于分布式和合并路径的概念。一旦检测到交通拥堵,一个特定的节点将分裂的路径(多路)绕道直接传输拥挤的SN。然后,合并的多路径结合SN。然而,备用路径也可以遇到交通堵塞。更多的路径可能导致高能源消耗的网络。</p> <p>不同的方法被认为是只专注于最好的路径,如分层树(HTAP)替代路径,提出了c . Sergiou et al。<a href="#B21">21</a>]。从水槽节点,hop-by-hop-based方法,它使用缓冲区占用信息作为阈值。这种方法从源节点形成一个层次树结构。然而,它可能会导致延迟自SN必须确定每个敌手的可能路径传输拥塞。</p> <p>为了克服HTAP的局限性,同一组提出修改的方法,动态选择路径选择方案(DAiPAS) [<a href="#B22">22</a>),由最初构建拓扑hop-by-hop-based方案避免拥挤。DAiPAS也适用于软、硬状态。软状态往往只有1沟通每个SN和母公司之间的联系,这是由宣布的传播。因此,其他SNs(如果有的话)应该寻求其他传输路径在拥塞发生之前。相反,处于困难状态,缓冲入住率将用于确定接受母公司SN的传播,如果没有选择。</p> <p>w . Chen等人。<a href="#B23">23</a>]开发了基于层次的拥塞控制和检测方案(CCEbH),能量平衡的意识。从DAiPAS CCEbH采用初始拓扑结构。然而,有一个阈值(配额)对于每个SN向母公司传播,即。,a time interval for each transmission (based on the buffer occupancy and the forwarding rate). There is also an energy balance method in two dimensions, i.e., vertical and horizontal. The SN will typically ask its vertical and horizontal neighbors to determine the paths to the sink node. Here, time synchronization may become an issue in high traffic and dense deployment.</p> <p>除了在RC-based使用方法,FLS的通常用于TC-based方法。例如,美国贾斯瓦尔和a . Yadav提出Fuzzy-Based自适应拥塞控制(FBACC) [<a href="#B24">24</a>]。相关的一些关键参数FBACC可能产生的。例如,缓冲区占用、转发率和连接的数量是拥挤的SN的用作FLS的输入来确定适当的发送速率。然而,在这里,没有考虑SNs的能量作为延长网络寿命的关键因素的基础上。</p> <p>y . Zhang et al。<a href="#B25">25</a>)认为SNs的能量,包括特定的能量SN和邻国和路径信息,在分级路径确定的输入FLS的选择集群头(CH);这种方法被命名为节能分布式聚类算法基于模糊方法与非均匀分布(EEDCF)。CH传送到下一个CH向汇聚节点。主要的限制是,在稀疏的情况下部署,EEDCF往往表现不佳。</p> <p>基于TC-based方案上的开创性工作拥塞检测和避免(柯达)[<a href="#B26">26</a>),而应用逆向拥塞通知源节点调整发送速率,以减轻交通拥堵的影响,研究也一直在进行拥塞避免拥挤的预测。例如,m . Zawodniok et al。<a href="#B27">27</a>)提出了动态预测拥塞控制(DPCC)。DPCC利用排队,包括嵌入式信道估计算法,作为调整发送速率的指标;然而,这种方法开销高。答:美国Rajan等人提出了利率管制分割协议(RRG) [<a href="#B28">28</a>拥塞预测的概念,使用概率方法在数据流量和缓冲区占用确定拥塞概率。</p> <h4 id="models-and-assumptions">3所示。模型和假设</h4> <p>在本节中,我们描述网络和能量模型,包括所有必需的信息,如下所示。</p> <h5 id="sec3.1">3.1。网络模型</h5> <p>在这个研究中,类似于其他最近的工作在网络拥塞控制(<a href="#B20">20.</a>- - - - - -<a href="#B28">28</a>),只有一个基站或汇聚节点,这通常是放置在结束的网络(联网)。有一个电源在这个节点。在一个特定时间,传感器节点激活某些事件(如遥感数据传输,成为准备好),也被称为源节点,将通过未来向汇聚节点发送数据或邻近的节点(hop-based),非均匀部署。我们做出以下假设:网络<span class="list"><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label">(我)</span><span class="list-content">传感器节点(SNs):除了水槽节点,SNs是随机部署在一个统一的方式在一个正方形区域网络,每一种都具有相同的初始能量。</span></span><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label">(2)</span><span class="list-content">SNs部署后,没有流动,没有明确的位置信息。</span></span><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label">(3)</span><span class="list-content">每个SN有相同的通信范围。</span></span><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label">(iv)</span><span class="list-content">已经给所有的SNs网络内的时间同步协议通信的目的(<a href="#B20">20.</a>- - - - - -<a href="#B28">28</a>]。</span></span><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label">(v)</span><span class="list-content">任何SN可以把网络当且仅当能量耗尽(不再是在操作)。</span></span></span></p> <p>图<a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/wcmc/2018/6421717/fig1/" target="_blank">1</a>我们的网络模型显示了一个示例,它包含一个水槽,来源,和其他社交网站。虚线定义了通信范围从每个SN周边节点及其连接(NN)。箭头是由广播消息。网络将一般分为层基于跳数的数量。一旦路径被定义(实线),源节点将数据发送给汇聚节点相应的(从20 SN,超过18岁,9岁和4,最后去水槽节点)。</p> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig1"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig1"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="6421717.fig.001" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/wcmc/volume-2018/6421717/figures/6421717.fig.001.svgz"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图1</span> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/wcmc/2018/6421717/fig1/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <div> 例如:网络模型。</div> </div> </div> </div> <h5 id="sec3.2">3.2。能量模型</h5> <p>在网络交流,我们遵循内部标准的IEEE 802.15.4低速率无线个人区域网络提供服务(LR-WPAN)协议,在能量取决于所发送和接收的数据包的数量一个特定的SN。方程(<a href="#EEq1">1</a>)显示了网络的能量模型<a href="#B29">29日</a>),传输能量<svg height="11.927pt" id="M1" style="vertical-align:-3.291101pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 19.1569 11.927" width="19.1569pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"> <path d="M593 650H142L136 622C219 616 224 611 209 531L130 120C114 39 108 34 23 28L17 0H501C518 32 557 130 568 158L540 169C519 132 495 93 469 70C439 43 409 35 332 35C272 35 241 37 225 50C211 61 211 89 222 149L253 320H350C441 320 443 312 441 239H471L510 434H481C455 366 448 358 360 358H260L303 572C311 613 312 615 348 615H431C509 615 522 603 532 581C544 555 546 531 545 491L574 493C583 555 592 631 593 650Z" id="g113-70"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,7.943,3.132)"> <path d="M655 676H628C608 656 600 650 571 650H156C118 650 114 651 102 676H77C63 615 45 548 24 485L60 486C81 531 97 562 114 580C134 603 148 611 252 611H308L217 127C201 41 196 38 105 32L98 0H384L393 32C300 38 288 41 304 127L393 611H466C553 611 571 604 582 580C592 559 597 530 595 485L630 489C636 548 645 624 655 676Z" id="g50-85"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,13.313,3.132)"> <path d="M545 403C545 425 527 451 498 451C448 451 400 404 312 286L290 341C262 412 246 451 219 451C182 451 138 404 92 345L112 323C152 368 169 378 181 378C192 378 201 359 216 321L257 214C184 115 142 69 113 69C102 69 93 73 88 79S78 89 68 89C47 89 24 61 24 40C24 8 49 -12 75 -12C125 -12 175 31 271 175L312 64C330 15 357 -12 382 -12C421 -12 475 35 515 98L496 121C466 88 439 62 420 62C402 62 384 92 363 147L325 247C349 280 374 309 397 333C422 361 446 381 462 381C471 381 481 374 488 366C493 360 499 357 505 357C521 357 545 380 545 403Z" id="g50-121"></path> </g> </svg>(焦耳/位)<svg height="8.8423pt" id="M2" style="vertical-align:-0.2064009pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 3.66193 8.8423" width="3.66193pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"> <path d="M244 607C244 633 228 655 200 655C166 655 146 618 146 594C146 564 166 546 191 546C221 546 244 574 244 607ZM222 91L209 114C184 94 148 66 133 66C127 66 124 73 130 96L201 370C213 416 211 448 191 448C162 448 88 407 29 352L42 328C73 354 104 371 114 371C120 371 119 365 115 345L53 92C32 5 45 -12 68 -12C103 -12 186 50 222 91Z" id="g113-106"></path> </g> </svg>在远处<svg height="9.49473pt" id="M3" style="vertical-align:-0.2063999pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.28833 7.34169 9.49473" width="7.34169pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"> <path d="M530 686C535 705 530 712 521 712C504 712 448 684 359 674L358 648H393C437 648 439 646 429 593L400 435C372 447 345 448 332 448C286 448 194 414 144 373C68 311 23 203 23 111C23 26 57 -12 91 -12C120 -12 147 3 188 29C227 54 290 102 341 170H343L322 71C308 6 320 -12 341 -12C373 -12 442 27 501 96L485 120C455 91 422 67 408 67C401 67 401 76 404 91C440 294 479 473 530 686ZM387 375L355 241C326 187 200 53 142 53C126 53 109 73 109 130C109 217 154 337 218 381C240 396 265 404 297 404S372 390 387 375Z" id="g113-101"></path> </g> </svg>在自由空间传播模型表示如下:<span class="equation_break" id="EEq1"><span class="left_break" id="L4"></span><span class="middle_break"><span class="center_break" id="M4"> <svg height="16.0778pt" id="M4-1" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 167.032 16.0778" width="167.032pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g id="B4-1"> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,12.113)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-70"></use> 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id="g113-42"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,49.83,12.113)"> <path d="M535 323V373H52V323H535ZM535 138V188H52V138H535Z" id="g117-34"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,61.09,12.113)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-106"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,67.55,12.113)"> <path d="M170 255C170 288 146 313 114 313S58 288 58 255C58 221 82 198 114 198S170 221 170 255Z" id="g113-46"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,73.42,12.113)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-70"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,81.36,15.245)"> <path d="M398 365C398 411 356 451 297 451C250 451 198 430 151 397C65 336 24 230 24 139C24 14 97 -12 148 -12C198 -12 284 7 373 104L355 130C306 84 246 53 198 53C132 53 111 109 111 163V189C209 211 398 261 398 365ZM317 351C317 308 273 262 117 225C134 338 189 383 221 399C230 404 249 407 263 407C295 407 317 389 317 351Z" id="g50-102"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,85.2,15.245)"> <path d="M238 675C244 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432L457 436C446 436 431 439 418 442C393 447 368 451 343 451C281 451 204 418 155 381C74 320 24 206 24 107C24 23 59 -12 88 -12C118 -12 155 5 191 34C236 70 290 122 328 177H330L312 84C296 0 311 -12 331 -12C355 -12 425 24 490 97ZM374 387C371 367 360 299 347 264C323 202 187 53 142 53C128 53 113 73 113 120C113 224 157 332 221 380C241 395 274 403 303 403C330 403 360 395 374 387Z" id="g50-98"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,141.4,15.245)"> <path d="M504 89L488 119C453 85 428 69 416 69C408 69 405 75 412 102L462 304C492 438 460 451 436 451S388 441 356 423C311 397 229 336 170 256H168L189 340C208 418 200 451 177 451C144 451 82 413 24 352L40 322C65 345 98 369 108 369C114 369 119 363 112 335L28 -3L36 -12C54 -3 83 4 112 10C125 73 138 122 153 174C205 258 328 382 376 382C395 382 399 369 384 305L330 93C312 25 323 -12 351 -12C378 -12 439 21 504 89Z" id="g50-111"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,149.52,12.113)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-46"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,155.39,12.113)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-101"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,162.6,5.85)"> <path d="M414 144C384 79 371 75 317 75H135L276 221C367 316 408 376 408 465C408 570 327 635 237 635C179 635 131 609 100 575L42 494L67 471C94 510 138 565 205 565C277 565 321 517 321 435C321 348 258 270 195 195C146 137 88 81 33 26V0H411C423 44 433 88 446 135L414 144Z" id="g50-51"></path> </g> </g> </svg> <svg class="alt_equation" height="16.0778pt" id="I4" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 167.55 16.0778" width="167.55pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <use transform="matrix(1 0 0 1 0 0)" xlink:href="#B4-1"></use> </svg></span></span><span class="right_break" id="R4"> <svg class="label" height="11.44pt" id="M4-2" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 13.398 11.44" width="13.398pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g id="B4-2"> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,9.26)"> <path d="M300 -147C201 -63 143 98 143 270S200 602 300 686L282 710C136 611 70 451 70 272V271C70 90 136 -71 282 -169L300 -147Z" id="g190-41"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,4.5,9.26)"> <path d="M311 0V25C221 32 216 41 216 113V635C162 613 103 594 39 583V559L88 556C131 552 135 546 135 500V113C135 41 131 32 40 25V0H311Z" id="g190-213"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,8.9,9.26)"> <path d="M275 271C275 451 212 609 64 710L45 686C145 604 203 442 203 270S147 -63 45 -147L64 -170C213 -68 275 89 275 269V271Z" id="g190-42"></path> </g> </g> </svg> <svg class="alt_label" height="16.0778pt" id="IL4" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 13.44 16.0778" width="13.44pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <use transform="matrix(1 0 0 1 0 2.11)" xlink:href="#B4-2"></use> </svg></span></span></p> <p>在哪里<我>E</我><sub><i>加热器</我></sub>表示数据处理和能源<我>E</我><sub><i>tran</我></sub>是能量传播的1位在距离<我>d。</我></p> <p>类似于传播,(<a href="#EEq2">2</a>)表示接收能量<svg height="11.927pt" id="M5" style="vertical-align:-3.291101pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 19.5771 11.927" width="19.5771pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-70"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,7.943,3.132)"> <path d="M636 22C611 29 589 38 560 74C536 104 518 134 495 173L430 300C518 328 592 392 592 492C592 555 563 594 528 618C491 643 435 650 377 650H140L131 618C222 610 223 601 208 518L137 136C121 43 116 40 27 32L18 0H295L300 32C212 40 206 42 223 138L248 279H296C334 279 350 272 369 230C393 174 413 140 441 94C482 24 523 1 626 -8L636 22ZM497 480C497 422 468 374 417 343C387 324 353 315 304 315H255L298 556C303 583 309 598 319 603C331 610 348 613 367 613C448 613 497 573 497 480Z" id="g50-83"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,13.731,3.132)"> <use xlink:href="#g50-121"></use> </g> </svg>(焦耳/位)<svg height="8.8423pt" id="M6" style="vertical-align:-0.2064009pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 3.66193 8.8423" width="3.66193pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-106"></use> </g> </svg>位,<我>E</我><sub><i>Reci</我></sub>的能量接收1位。<span class="equation_break" id="EEq2"><span class="left_break" id="L7"></span><span class="middle_break"><span class="center_break" id="M7"> <svg height="13.8661pt" id="M7-1" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 85.538 13.8661" width="85.538pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g id="B7-1"> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,9.184)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-70"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,7.94,12.316)"> <use xlink:href="#g50-83"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,13.73,12.316)"> <use xlink:href="#g50-121"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,21.62,9.367)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-41"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,26.14,9.184)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-106"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,29.69,9.367)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-42"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,37.85,9.184)"> <use xlink:href="#g117-34"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,49.11,9.184)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-106"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,55.56,9.184)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-46"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,61.43,9.184)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-70"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,69.38,12.316)"> <use xlink:href="#g50-83"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,75.16,12.316)"> <use xlink:href="#g50-102"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,79,12.316)"> <use xlink:href="#g50-100"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,82.99,12.316)"> <path d="M250 606C250 634 233 656 203 656C168 656 146 618 146 593C146 564 169 545 192 545C227 545 250 573 250 606ZM227 95L212 119C187 98 152 71 135 71C129 71 128 78 134 102L207 373C219 418 217 451 194 451C165 451 92 411 30 351L44 326C77 353 106 371 114 371C124 371 121 357 117 341L55 97C32 5 46 -12 70 -12C108 -12 191 51 227 95Z" id="g50-106"></path> </g> </g> </svg></span></span><span class="right_break" id="R7"> <svg class="label" height="11.44pt" id="M7-2" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 15.038 11.44" width="15.038pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g id="B7-2"> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,9.26)"> <use xlink:href="#g190-41"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,4.5,9.26)"> <path d="M411 139C381 76 368 73 314 73H129L267 224C351 317 400 380 400 469C400 574 322 635 233 635C176 635 128 610 98 576L40 495L63 476C89 515 130 568 198 568C274 568 316 519 316 436C316 347 251 264 191 192C142 134 85 76 30 21V0H403C415 45 425 89 438 131L411 139Z" id="g190-243"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,10.54,9.26)"> <use xlink:href="#g190-42"></use> </g> </g> </svg></span></span></p> <p>注意,根据规范MicaZ [<a href="#B30">30.</a>3伏特(2节AA电池),<我>E</我><sub><i>加热器</我></sub>= 0.96<我>μ</我>J /,<我>E</我><sub><i>tran</我></sub>= 0.144<我>μ</我>J /位,<我>E</我><sub><i>reci</我></sub>= 0.96<我>μ</我>J /。</p> <h5 id="sec3.3">3.3。系统消息</h5> <p>有八个类型的消息在广播和单播的架构:<span class="list"><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label">(我)</span><span class="list-content"><i>Route-Request-Msg (Node_ID,跳数)</我>。这个广播消息用于查询路由到邻居,和它包含的节点标识符和从水槽节点跳数。</span></span><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label">(2)</span><span class="list-content"><i>Route-Reply-Msg (Node_ID,跳数)</我>。一次<我>Route-Request-Msg</我>已经收到,邻居们回复广播消息,其中包括他们的身份和跳数。</span></span><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label">(3)</span><span class="list-content"><i>Route-End-Msg (Node_ID,跳数)</我>。当没有<我>Route-Reply-Msg</我>返回在一个特定的超时,一个特定的节点将发送此广播消息指示的最后跳树(确定最大跳数)。</span></span><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label">(iv)</span><span class="list-content"><i>Route-Update-Msg (Node_ID)</我>。如果一个节点没有足够的能量来执行一个操作(阈值),该节点将这个广播消息发送到邻国,其中包括其身份。</span></span><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label">(v)</span><span class="list-content"><i>Request-Stage-Msg (Node_ID)</我>。这个消息被广播到体重调查的SN的邻国。</span></span><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label">(vi)</span><span class="list-content"><i>Reply-Stage-Msg (Node_ID、电子战、AW)</我>。后<我>Request-Stage-Msg</我>已经收到,每个SN将发回此单播消息,包括身份和两个额外的(本地计算)重量:助力路由重量(EW)和体重(AW)可用性。</span></span><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label">(七)</span><span class="list-content"><i>Data-Sent-Msg (Node_ID、数据)</我>。此单播消息用于数据传输的最终路径后确定。</span></span><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label">(八)</span><span class="list-content"><i>Data-Ack-Msg (Node_ID)</我>。此单播消息用于数据传输确认。</span></span></span></p> <h4 id="optimized-fuzzy-logic-based-congestion-control-scheme-with-exponential-smoothing-prediction-in-wsns-(ofes)">4所示。优化模糊基于逻辑的拥塞控制方案与指数平滑法预测了网络(的)</h4> <p>图<a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/wcmc/2018/6421717/fig2/" target="_blank">2</a>显示了的体系结构的概述。有4个主要组件:<span class="list"><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label">(我)</span><span class="list-content"><b>自顶向下的层次结构。</b>该组件是第一个用于生成层的结构与跳数的关键指标。我们采用临时按需距离矢量(AODV) [<a href="#B31">31日</a>),这是用于noninfrastructure无线网络,来生成一个多对一的结构从SNs水槽节点。适用于两个主要步骤(1)路线创建和更新阶段(2)路线。</span></span><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label">(2)</span><span class="list-content"><b>助力路由的重量。</b>第二个组件是用于重量与FLS的一代。两个模糊输入被认为是:跳数和剩余能量。</span></span><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label">(3)</span><span class="list-content"><b>拥塞控制和预测。</b>这个组件主要用于拥塞控制帮助拥塞预测。在这里,我们采用指数平滑法,优化了蝙蝠FLS的调谐,缓冲区占用和转发率作为模糊输入。</span></span><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label">(iv)</span><span class="list-content"><b>道路的决心。</b>重量推导后,这最后一个组件是用于确定最终通向水槽节点。一般来说,性能与能量消耗的平衡,的可以选择的三个组件来实现最高的性能:应用只有第一个组件,第一个和第二个组件,或所有三个组件。</span></span></span></p> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig2"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig2"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="6421717.fig.002" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/wcmc/volume-2018/6421717/figures/6421717.fig.002.svgz"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图2</span> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/wcmc/2018/6421717/fig2/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <div> 的的概述。</div> </div> </div> </div> <h5 id="sec4.1">4.1。自顶向下的层次结构</h5> <p>在这个组件的开始构建拓扑路径确定通过进一步应用分层概念与跳数确定(一个为每个额外的层)可能从水槽节点到源节点(SNs)作为关键指标。两个步骤进行:创建和路由更新阶段的路线。</p> <h6 id="sec4.1.1">以下4.4.1。路径创建阶段</h6> <p>我们采用AODV的基线确定层的方法,使用跳数作为主要指标。类似于树的概念,在这里,水池节点被认为是树的根和一个额外的层后根遍历跳了跳(以自上而下的方式),直到到达源节点。</p> <p>首先,水槽节点跳数= 0)(广播<我>Route-Request-Message</我>到附近的节点(邻居)。一旦每个相邻节点收到这个消息,它存储的信息(跳数)节点ID和邻居表(见表<a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/wcmc/2018/6421717/tab1/" target="_blank">1</a>跳数1)和增加了隐式地指定有多远从水槽节点。</p> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="tab1"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-tab1"> <table class="fixed-width table-group" id="tab1"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <table class="table"> <colgroup> <col style="width:4.89em"> <col style="width:6.00em"> </colgroup> <tbody> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="2"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="align_left"><b>节点ID</b></td> <td class="align_center"><b>跳数</b></td> </tr> <tr class="table-tr"> <td colspan="2"> <hr class="tbody-hr"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">表1</span> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/wcmc/2018/6421717/tab1/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <div> 例如:邻居表中创建。</div> </div> </div> </div> <p>接收和存储信息之后,这个相邻节点发送应答消息<我>Route-Reply-Msg</我>确认收据。这个节点继续这个过程(<我>Route-Request-Message</我>和<我>Route-Reply-Msg</我>),直到没有额外的相邻节点(没有反应<我>Route-Reply-Msg</我>)。在这种情况下,这个节点(结束节点的一个特定的路径树,超时3000 ms)发送<我>Route-End-Msg</我>回到前面的节点(低跳数)。这一过程持续进行直到水槽节点。注意,此消息用于最大跳数每条路径的确定。</p> <p>注意,如果一个特定的节点可能会收到多个<我>Route-Request-Message</我>,节点选择表(或更新)基于跳数的数量(最低优先)。</p> <p>表<a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/wcmc/2018/6421717/tab2/" target="_blank">2</a>显示了一个邻居表SN(参见图4<a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/wcmc/2018/6421717/fig1/" target="_blank">1</a>);在这里,只有1邻居(SN = 3)第一广播和有两个邻居(SNs = 8日和9日)在接下来的广播。注意,在这里,我们假设敌手架构是沟通。当广播模式已经完成,结束节点树节点的20倍。你的邻居表如表所示<a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/wcmc/2018/6421717/tab3/" target="_blank">3</a>。</p> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="tab2"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-tab2"> <table class="fixed-width table-group" id="tab2"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <table class="table"> <colgroup> <col style="width:6.19em"> <col style="width:6.00em"> </colgroup> <tbody> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="2"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr class="thead"> <td class="align_left"><b>节点ID</b></td> <td class="align_center"><b>跳数</b></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="2"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="align_left">(水槽节点)</td> <td class="align_center">0</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="align_left">3</td> <td class="align_center">1</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="align_left">8</td> <td class="align_center">2</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="align_left">9</td> <td class="align_center">2</td> </tr> <tr class="table-tr"> <td colspan="2"> <hr class="tbody-hr"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">表2</span> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/wcmc/2018/6421717/tab2/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <div> 例如:邻居SN 4路线中创建表。</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="tab3"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-tab3"> <table class="fixed-width table-group" id="tab3"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <table class="table"> <colgroup> <col style="width:4.89em"> <col style="width:6.00em"> </colgroup> <tbody> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="2"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr class="thead"> <td class="align_left"><b>节点ID</b></td> <td class="align_center"><b>跳数</b></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="2"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="align_left">18</td> <td class="align_center">3</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="align_left">16</td> <td class="align_center">4</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="align_left">17</td> <td class="align_center">4</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="align_left">19</td> <td class="align_center">5</td> </tr> <tr class="table-tr"> <td colspan="2"> <hr class="tbody-hr"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">表3</span> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/wcmc/2018/6421717/tab3/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <div> 例子:邻居表创建SN 20的路线。</div> </div> </div> </div> <p>图<a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/wcmc/2018/6421717/fig3/" target="_blank">3</a>这种情况下也显示了一个示例;在这里,有六个可能的路径从20 SN水槽节点。算法<a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/wcmc/2018/6421717/alg1/" target="_blank">1</a>也显示了路线的步骤创建阶段。最后的路径确定将再次讨论部分<a href="#sec4.4">4.4</a>。</p> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="alg1"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-alg1"> <table class="algorithm-group"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <table class="algorithm" id="alg1"> <tbody> <tr> <td colspan="2"><i>汇聚节点</我>广播<我>Route-Request-Msg</我>来<我>SN</我><sub><i>我</我></sub></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><b>而</b>(<我>SN</我>是一个中间节点)做什么</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><i>SN</我><sub><i>我</我></sub>接收<我>Route-Request-Msg</我>并创建<svg height="13.3115pt" id="M8" style="vertical-align:-4.02317pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.28833 92.9958 13.3115" width="92.9958pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"> <path d="M290 -163V-135C183 -126 181 -122 181 -44V583C181 662 184 666 290 675V703H120V-163H290Z" id="g113-92"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,4.485,0)"> <path d="M822 650H589L583 622C660 617 677 607 674 561C672 534 664 481 647 390L600 137H596L273 650H126L120 622C176 620 194 615 207 594C221 571 225 557 214 504L161 257C141 166 129 112 121 85C108 42 83 30 29 28L23 0H260L266 28C193 33 173 42 176 89C178 122 186 172 202 255L256 527H259L583 -8H612L690 390C708 481 720 535 728 558C744 603 756 619 816 622L822 650Z" id="g113-79"></path> </g> <g 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colspan="2"><i>SN</我><sub><i>我</我></sub>发送<我>Route-Reply-Msg</我>和广播<我>Route-Request-Msg</我></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><span style="margin-left:2.2222222222222223em"></span><b>如果</b><i>SN</我><sub><i>我</我></sub>最后层次节点<b>然后</b></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><span style="margin-left:2.2222222222222223em"></span> <svg height="11.927pt" id="M9" style="vertical-align:-3.291101pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 19.1531 11.927" width="19.1531pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"> <path d="M449 634C442 637 425 643 405 650C376 660 341 666 307 666C181 666 98 590 98 485C98 400 170 343 215 310L246 288C307 243 343 204 343 147C343 67 291 18 219 18C104 18 61 124 51 202L23 199C28 124 27 71 27 47C47 22 122 -16 204 -16C324 -16 428 60 428 174C428 256 379 309 307 360L276 382C223 419 179 455 179 516C179 576 221 632 293 632C379 632 410 564 418 487L448 490C446 536 446 592 449 634Z" id="g113-84"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,5.875,0)"> <path d="M822 650H589L583 622C660 617 677 607 674 561C672 534 664 481 647 390L600 137H596L273 650H126L120 622C176 620 194 615 207 594C221 571 225 557 214 504L161 257C141 166 129 112 121 85C108 42 83 30 29 28L23 0H260L266 28C193 33 173 42 176 89C178 122 186 172 202 255L256 527H259L583 -8H612L690 390C708 481 720 535 728 558C744 603 756 619 816 622L822 650Z" id="g113-79"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,15.937,3.132)"> <path d="M250 606C250 634 233 656 203 656C168 656 146 618 146 593C146 564 169 545 192 545C227 545 250 573 250 606ZM227 95L212 119C187 98 152 71 135 71C129 71 128 78 134 102L207 373C219 418 217 451 194 451C165 451 92 411 30 351L44 326C77 353 106 371 114 371C124 371 121 357 117 341L55 97C32 5 46 -12 70 -12C108 -12 191 51 227 95Z" id="g50-106"></path> </g> </svg><i>sendsRoute-End-Msg</我></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><span style="margin-left:2.2222222222222223em"></span>打破</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><span style="margin-left:2.2222222222222223em"></span><b>如果</b></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><b>结束时</b></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">算法1</span> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/wcmc/2018/6421717/alg1/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <div> 创建拓扑建设路线。</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig3"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig3"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="6421717.fig.003" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/wcmc/volume-2018/6421717/figures/6421717.fig.003.svgz"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图3</span> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/wcmc/2018/6421717/fig3/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <div> 例子:创建可能的路径选择路线。</div> </div> </div> </div> <h6 id="sec4.1.2">4.1.2。路由更新阶段</h6> <p>为了避免disconnectivity,路由更新阶段是用来切换路线。通常,disconnectivity(不相交路径)是由于缺乏能源(当电池耗尽)。在这里,我们为每个SN指定一个能量阈值。如果能量低于阈值(在这里,我们将它设置为初始能量的5% (<a href="#B32">32</a>]),SN将发送<我>Route-Update-Msg</我>邻国更新你的邻居表。</p> <p>图<a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/wcmc/2018/6421717/fig4/" target="_blank">4</a>显示了这一阶段的一个例子。图<a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/wcmc/2018/6421717/fig4/" target="_blank">4(一)</a>显示了最终确定路径(最短路径从20 18→→9→4→水槽节点)的可能的路径(见图<a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/wcmc/2018/6421717/fig3/" target="_blank">3</a>),其中包括(20 19 10 15→→→→5→1→水槽节点),16(20→→→12 7→1→水槽节点),16(20→→→12 7→2→水槽节点),7(13 20 17→→→→→1水槽节点),7(13 20 17→→→→→2水槽节点),和18(20→→9→4→水槽节点)。然而,当18 SN的能量很低,它将广播<我>Route-Update-Msg</我>,其邻国将更新表(如图<a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/wcmc/2018/6421717/fig4/" target="_blank">4 (b)</a>)。图<a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/wcmc/2018/6421717/fig4/" target="_blank">4 (c)</a>显示所选路径:20 7 17 13→→→→2→水槽节点(next-shortest路径)。表<a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/wcmc/2018/6421717/tab4/" target="_blank">4</a>显示你的邻居表没有18 SN(参见表<a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/wcmc/2018/6421717/tab3/" target="_blank">3</a>邻居表18 SN的存在)。</p> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="tab4"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-tab4"> <table class="fixed-width table-group" id="tab4"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <table class="table"> <colgroup> <col style="width:4.89em"> <col style="width:6.00em"> </colgroup> <tbody> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="2"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr class="thead"> <td class="align_left"><b>节点ID</b></td> <td class="align_center"><b>跳数</b></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="2"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="align_left">16</td> <td class="align_center">4</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="align_left">17</td> <td class="align_center">4</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="align_left">19</td> <td class="align_center">5</td> </tr> <tr class="table-tr"> <td colspan="2"> <hr class="tbody-hr"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">表4</span> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/wcmc/2018/6421717/tab4/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <div> 例子:邻居表在SN 20没有18 SN。</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig4"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig4"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(一)SN 18发送Route-Update-Msg一旦低于阈值的能量”name="6421717.fig.004a" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/wcmc/volume-2018/6421717/figures/6421717.fig.004a.svgz"> <br> <strong>(一)SN 18发送Route-Update-Msg一旦低于阈值的能量</strong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(b)邻居SN 18从表中删除连接”name="6421717.fig.004b" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/wcmc/volume-2018/6421717/figures/6421717.fig.004b.svgz"> <br> <strong>(b)邻居SN 18从表中删除连接</strong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(c)最终路径决心从20 2 7 17 13→→→→→水槽节点”name="6421717.fig.004c" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/wcmc/volume-2018/6421717/figures/6421717.fig.004c.svgz"> <br> <strong>(c)最终路径决心从20 2 7 17 13→→→→→水槽节点</strong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs fig-thumbs-fig4"> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(a) SN 18 sends Route-Update-Msg once the energy falls below the threshold"><img alt="(一)SN 18发送Route-Update-Msg一旦低于阈值的能量”name="6421717.fig.004a" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/wcmc/volume-2018/6421717/figures/6421717.fig.004a.svgz"><br><strong>(一)SN 18发送Route-Update-Msg一旦低于阈值的能量</strong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(b) Neighbors of SN 18 remove the connectivity from the table"><img alt="(b)邻居SN 18从表中删除连接”name="6421717.fig.004b" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/wcmc/volume-2018/6421717/figures/6421717.fig.004b.svgz"><br><strong>(b)邻居SN 18从表中删除连接</strong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(c) Final path determination from 20 → 17 → 13 → 7 → 2 → sink node"><img alt="(c)最终路径决心从20 2 7 17 13→→→→→水槽节点”name="6421717.fig.004c" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/wcmc/volume-2018/6421717/figures/6421717.fig.004c.svgz"><br><strong>(c)最终路径决心从20 2 7 17 13→→→→→水槽节点</strong></button> </div> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev fig-nav-fig4"> <button class="carousel-prev" aria-label="Previous"></button> <button class="carousel-next" aria-label="Next"></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图4</span> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/wcmc/2018/6421717/fig4/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <div> 例子:在SN 18路由更新。</div> </div> </div> </div> <p>图<a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/wcmc/2018/6421717/fig5/" target="_blank">5</a>序列图显示了一个详细的路线创建和路由更新阶段。</p> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig5"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig5"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="6421717.fig.005" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/wcmc/volume-2018/6421717/figures/6421717.fig.005.svgz"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图5</span> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/wcmc/2018/6421717/fig5/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <div> 序列图的路线的创建和更新阶段。</div> </div> </div> </div> <h5 id="sec4.2">4.2。助力路由重量(新)</h5> <p>该组件是用于确定路由标准体重(体重或助力路由(EW))之间的跳数和剩余能量。我们应用FLS的基于隶属函数来确定最终的重量。</p> <p><i>(一)模糊逻辑系统(FLS)</我>。与approximation-based FLS的是逻辑推理的技术方法,而不是一个确切的解决方案。FLS的标识解决方案内的范围在0和1之间(不完全是0或1)由于模糊性。根据我们的评估过程,FL与Mamdani优于FL Sugeno;因此,我们选择与Mamdani FL,四个主要步骤(<a href="#B33">33</a>)(见图<a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/wcmc/2018/6421717/fig6/" target="_blank">6</a>)。</p> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig6"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig6"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="6421717.fig.006" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/wcmc/volume-2018/6421717/figures/6421717.fig.006.svgz"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图6</span> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/wcmc/2018/6421717/fig6/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <div> 框图:自适应模糊逻辑系统。</div> </div> </div> </div> <p><b>Fuzzifier</b>是用于转换的输入(即。,hop count and remaining energy) to a numerical format, which is typically normalized to a range between 0 and 1 from the current over the maximum hops and similarly the remaining over the initial energy. Then, the input is mapped to determine the crossing points of each function (corresponding to fuzzy rules). Based on our intensive evaluation, we applied triangular (low, medium, and high for output weight) and trapezoidal (low, medium, and high for the two inputs) functions, which outperformed the others, such as Gaussian, generalized bell, and sigmoid. Figure<a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/wcmc/2018/6421717/fig7/" target="_blank">7</a>显示了一个示例隶属函数的跳数和剩余能量,包括输出权重。</p> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig7"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig7"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(一)跳数”name="6421717.fig.007a" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/wcmc/volume-2018/6421717/figures/6421717.fig.007a.svgz"> <br> <strong>(一)跳数</strong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(b)剩余的能量”name="6421717.fig.007b" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/wcmc/volume-2018/6421717/figures/6421717.fig.007b.svgz"> <br> <strong>(b)剩余的能量</strong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(c)输出的重量”name="6421717.fig.007c" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/wcmc/volume-2018/6421717/figures/6421717.fig.007c.svgz"> <br> <strong>(c)输出的重量</strong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs fig-thumbs-fig7"> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(a) Hop count"><img alt="(一)跳数”name="6421717.fig.007a" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/wcmc/volume-2018/6421717/figures/6421717.fig.007a.svgz"><br><strong>(一)跳数</strong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(b) Remaining energy"><img alt="(b)剩余的能量”name="6421717.fig.007b" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/wcmc/volume-2018/6421717/figures/6421717.fig.007b.svgz"><br><strong>(b)剩余的能量</strong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(c) Output weight"><img alt="(c)输出的重量”name="6421717.fig.007c" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/wcmc/volume-2018/6421717/figures/6421717.fig.007c.svgz"><br><strong>(c)输出的重量</strong></button> </div> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev fig-nav-fig7"> <button class="carousel-prev" aria-label="Previous"></button> <button class="carousel-next" aria-label="Next"></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图7</span> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/wcmc/2018/6421717/fig7/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <div> 电子战隶属函数:跳数,剩余的能量,和输出的重量。</div> </div> </div> </div> <p><b>模糊规则</b>用于生成input-to-output映射基于隶属函数(如果/那么规则)。表<a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/wcmc/2018/6421717/tab5/" target="_blank">5</a>显示了一个9的施工程序规则,包括高(H)、中(M)和低(L)。</p> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="tab5"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-tab5"> <table class="fixed-width table-group" id="tab5"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <table class="table"> <colgroup> <col style="width:6.71em"> <col style="width:10.19em"> <col style="width:4.99em"> </colgroup> <tbody> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="3"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr class="thead"> <td class="align_left"><b>如果</b></td> <td class="align_center"><b>和</b></td> <td class="align_center"><b>然后</b></td> </tr> <tr class="thead"> <td class="align_left"><b>(跳数)</b></td> <td class="align_center"><b>(剩下的能源)</b></td> <td class="align_center"><b>(重量)</b></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="3"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="align_left">l</td> <td class="align_center">l</td> <td class="align_center">米</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="align_left">l</td> <td class="align_center">米</td> <td class="align_center">米</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="align_left">l</td> <td class="align_center">H</td> <td class="align_center">H</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="align_left">米</td> <td class="align_center">l</td> <td class="align_center">l</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="align_left">米</td> <td class="align_center">米</td> <td class="align_center">米</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="align_left">米</td> <td class="align_center">H</td> <td class="align_center">H</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="align_left">H</td> <td class="align_center">l</td> <td class="align_center">l</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="align_left">H</td> <td class="align_center">米</td> <td class="align_center">l</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="align_left">H</td> <td class="align_center">H</td> <td class="align_center">米</td> </tr> <tr class="table-tr"> <td colspan="3"> <hr class="tbody-hr"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">表5</span> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/wcmc/2018/6421717/tab5/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <div> 9电子战模糊规则的例子。</div> </div> </div> </div> <p><b>模糊推理引擎</b>用于输出(重量)推导给出的输入模糊规则系统使用一个聚合方法,即。,交叉操作。图<a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/wcmc/2018/6421717/fig8/" target="_blank">8</a>显示了一个示例的电子战模糊规则(见表9<a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/wcmc/2018/6421717/tab5/" target="_blank">5</a>)。有两个标准化的输入,即。,hop count and remaining energy, here with 0.38 and 0.66 as examples. With these inputs, each fuzzy set is considered with “AND” operation; i.e., the minimum among the twos will be selected to cross over the weight, resulting in output. Next, the aggregation method is applied over the 9 rules before applying the defuzzifier in the next component.</p> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig8"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig8"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="6421717.fig.008" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/wcmc/volume-2018/6421717/figures/6421717.fig.008.svgz"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图8</span> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/wcmc/2018/6421717/fig8/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <div> 例如:电子战模糊。</div> </div> </div> </div> <p><b>Defuzzifier</b>用于计算最终的输出基于重心(齿轮)概念推导出输出(重量)。这最后的输出(在0到1)提供的重路由阶段;在这里,0.577是一个例子,模糊推理引擎。注意,输出是助力路由重量(EW)。</p> <p><i>(B)电子战与FLS的推导</我>。重量(EW)将派生FLS的(即。从Defuzzifier,最终的输出)。然后,体重会计算一次<我>Request-Stage-Msg</我>已经收到。随后,SN会回答这个重量,除了自己的身份,通过<我>Reply-Stage-Msg</我>。回复消息,相应的重量将存储在邻居表中。表<a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/wcmc/2018/6421717/tab6/" target="_blank">6</a>显示了一个示例20 SN的更新。这SN广播邻居请求消息,SNs 16日,17日,19日和20。这些社交网站发送回复更新的基础,例如,权重为0.89,0.75,0.70,和0.83,分别。请注意,选择下一跳将再次讨论部分<a href="#sec4.4">4.4</a>。</p> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="tab6"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-tab6"> <table class="fixed-width table-group" id="tab6"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <table class="table"> <colgroup> <col style="width:4.89em"> <col style="width:6.00em"> <col style="width:6.77em"> </colgroup> <tbody> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="3"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr class="thead"> <td class="align_left"><b>节点ID</b></td> <td class="align_center"><b>跳数</b></td> <td class="align_center"><b>电子战(重量)</b></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="3"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="align_left">16</td> <td class="align_center">4</td> <td class="align_center">0.89</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="align_left">17</td> <td class="align_center">4</td> <td class="align_center">0.75</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="align_left">19</td> <td class="align_center">5</td> <td class="align_center">0.70</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="align_left">20.</td> <td class="align_center">5</td> <td class="align_center">0.83</td> </tr> <tr class="table-tr"> <td colspan="3"> <hr class="tbody-hr"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">表6</span> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/wcmc/2018/6421717/tab6/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <div> 例子:邻居表与电子战SN 20。</div> </div> </div> </div> <h5 id="sec4.3">4.3。拥塞控制和预测</h5> <p>以前,两个主要因素,即跳数和剩余能量,被用作确定路径的主要标准。然而,在密集部署,另一个关键因素是网络拥塞,通常降低了整体性能,例如,通过包丢失,低吞吐量,延迟高。因此,我们也调查了这个约束使用统计拥塞预测模型(考虑到缓冲区占用)FLS-based拥塞控制。相似的部分<a href="#sec4.2">4.2</a>然而,在这里,我们另外调整隶属函数与蝙蝠FLS的两个输入,即预测缓冲区占用和转发率,获得另一个体重因素(可用性(AW)重量)。</p> <h6 id="sec4.3.1">4.3.1。交通拥堵与指数平滑法预测</h6> <p><i>(一)指数平滑法</我>。在这个研究中,我们应用指数平滑法,这是一种最有效的时间序列预测模型。其主要优势短期预测是适当的用于网络<a href="#B34">34</a>)来帮助避免拥挤路径选择的考虑到缓冲区占用。方程(<a href="#EEq3">3</a>)(<a href="#EEq3">5</a>)显示了指数平滑法推导:<span class="equation_break" id="EEq3"><span class="left_break" id="L10"></span><span class="middle_break"><span class="center_break" id="M10"> <svg height="103.302pt" id="M10-1" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 60.128 103.302" width="60.128pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g id="B10-1"> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,1.07,14.265)"> <path d="M658 557C549 593 437 629 340 673H318C222 629 109 593 0 557L9 532C116 551 225 577 329 602C435 576 543 551 649 532L658 557Z" id="g119-105"></path> </g> <g 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xlink:href="#g119-105"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-91"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,8.931,3.132)"> <use xlink:href="#g50-117"></use> </g> </svg>预测的值在时间吗<我>t</我>(缓冲区),<svg height="11.927pt" id="M12" style="vertical-align:-3.291101pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 14.5847 11.927" width="14.5847pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-88"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,10.777,3.132)"> <use xlink:href="#g50-117"></use> </g> </svg>代表一个几何级数的和<我>α</我>是一个给定的常数(平滑因子)0.02和0.3的范围。方程(<a href="#EEq6">6</a>)展示了如何推导出预测缓冲区,也就是说,<我>薄</我>在<span class="nowrap"> <svg height="15.5415pt" id="M13" style="vertical-align:-3.291101pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -12.2504 12.7318 15.5415" width="12.7318pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g 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Gandomi et al。<a href="#B37">37</a>],蝙蝠是一种有效的算法在性能方面与粒子群优化(PSO)和遗传算法(气)。</p> <p>蝙蝠也是网络用于在多个领域,如定位(<a href="#B38">38</a>)和径向优化(<a href="#B39">39</a>]。因此,我们采用蝙蝠FLS的调整隶属函数。</p> <p>一般来说,蝙蝠模仿蝙蝠的行为,特别是食品清除微蝠的行为。蝙蝠会生成一个高频脉冲导航向食品资源;它还告诉其他蝙蝠的食物的位置。有三个主要步骤:<span class="list"><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label">(我)</span><span class="list-content">每个蝙蝠发出一个脉冲(定位)来确定位置和距离对食物、猎物,分化和障碍。目标函数<svg height="12.7178pt" id="M15" style="vertical-align:-3.42947pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.28833 24.8009 12.7178" width="24.8009pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"> <path d="M619 670C619 686 593 712 555 712S459 686 410 634S335 504 320 430H250L219 400L222 388H312L258 73C223 -133 201 -166 187 -180C175 -191 158 -199 140 -199C123 -199 88 -188 74 -172C68 -166 63 -164 54 -171C38 -185 23 -201 23 -215C23 -236 60 -261 93 -261C122 -261 161 -247 207 -200C268 -138 300 -71 337 94C365 220 376 277 394 387L501 399L521 430H401C432 623 464 665 501 665C524 665 544 651 567 627C577 617 583 618 592 625C601 631 619 651 619 670Z" id="g113-103"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,8.352,0)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-41"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,12.85,0)"> <path d="M536 404C536 423 520 448 491 448C445 448 398 404 308 283L286 338C255 416 242 448 217 448C182 448 138 402 92 341L111 321C149 368 169 378 178 378C188 378 198 363 214 320L254 212C185 117 138 65 107 65C98 65 85 69 82 75C79 82 73 86 65 86C44 86 23 60 23 39C23 7 44 -12 71 -12C119 -12 168 33 265 177L306 61C321 17 347 -12 373 -12C413 -12 465 33 507 96L491 119C459 84 432 60 413 60C395 60 378 92 358 148L321 250C341 279 369 310 389 332C417 363 439 382 456 382C466 382 475 376 481 368C486 361 492 358 496 358C513 358 536 381 536 404Z" id="g113-121"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,20.117,0)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-42"></use> </g> </svg>定义的蝙蝠人口<svg height="9.25202pt" id="M16" style="vertical-align:-3.29111pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -5.96091 10.3843 9.25202" width="10.3843pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-121"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,7.202,3.132)"> <use xlink:href="#g50-106"></use> </g> </svg>与速度<svg height="9.10848pt" id="M17" style="vertical-align:-3.291111pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -5.81737 8.98808 9.10848" width="8.98808pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"> <path d="M219 86C216 168 211 250 206 337C201 410 189 448 163 448C131 448 79 396 43 344L60 322C91 359 110 375 118 375S132 358 136 298C141 238 152 81 155 -12H182C242 62 331 177 390 258C435 321 451 360 451 391C450 424 432 448 408 448C390 448 372 435 366 419C362 410 362 401 366 394C373 383 376 367 376 350C376 283 262 138 221 86H219Z" id="g185-40"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,5.811,3.132)"> <use xlink:href="#g50-106"></use> </g> </svg>和传输频率<svg height="12.7178pt" id="M18" style="vertical-align:-3.42947pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.28833 9.9015 12.7178" width="9.9015pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-103"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,6.721,3.132)"> <use xlink:href="#g50-106"></use> </g> </svg>确定一个更好的解决方案<svg height="12.7178pt" id="M19" style="vertical-align:-3.42947pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.28833 24.8009 12.7178" width="24.8009pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-103"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,8.352,0)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-41"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,12.85,0)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-121"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,20.117,0)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-42"></use> </g> </svg>在每一轮<span class="nowrap"> <svg height="8.8423pt" id="M20" style="vertical-align:-0.2064009pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 11.0475 8.8423" width="11.0475pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"> <path d="M822 650H589L583 622C660 617 677 607 674 561C672 534 664 481 647 390L600 137H596L273 650H126L120 622C176 620 194 615 207 594C221 571 225 557 214 504L161 257C141 166 129 112 121 85C108 42 83 30 29 28L23 0H260L266 28C193 33 173 42 176 89C178 122 186 172 202 255L256 527H259L583 -8H612L690 390C708 481 720 535 728 558C744 603 756 619 816 622L822 650Z" id="g113-79"></path> </g> </svg>。</span>在每一轮,一个更好的解决方案将通过调整脉冲率(<svg height="9.25202pt" id="M21" style="vertical-align:-3.29111pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -5.96091 8.07467 9.25202" width="8.07467pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"> <path d="M393 379C402 394 400 411 393 422C384 437 365 448 348 448C301 448 237 372 186 285H182L193 335C210 408 205 448 178 448C150 448 80 402 29 344L45 321C80 355 114 373 122 373C128 373 130 365 124 330C106 228 76 98 50 -5L57 -12C82 -5 112 3 132 6L172 203C196 256 234 304 254 329C275 355 293 367 306 367C318 367 330 360 342 348C347 343 355 343 365 350S386 367 393 379Z" id="g113-115"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,4.901,3.132)"> <use xlink:href="#g50-106"></use> </g> </svg>)和响度(<svg height="12.5794pt" id="M22" style="vertical-align:-3.29107pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.28833 6.33919 12.5794" width="6.33919pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"> <path d="M238 681C243 705 239 712 230 712C217 712 156 682 75 674L70 648H105C148 648 153 641 144 598L39 110C18 11 35 -12 55 -12C90 -12 166 36 221 103L205 125C174 93 130 65 118 65C112 65 108 68 114 96L238 681Z" id="g113-109"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,3.172,3.132)"> <use xlink:href="#g50-106"></use> </g> </svg>)。</span></span><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label">(2)</span><span class="list-content">每个蝙蝠没有特定的模式对食物资源的速度飞行<svg height="9.10848pt" id="M23" style="vertical-align:-3.291111pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -5.81737 8.98808 9.10848" width="8.98808pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"> <use xlink:href="#g185-40"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,5.811,3.132)"> <use xlink:href="#g50-106"></use> </g> </svg>从位置<span class="nowrap"> <svg height="9.25202pt" id="M24" style="vertical-align:-3.29111pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -5.96091 10.3843 9.25202" width="10.3843pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-121"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,7.202,3.132)"> <use xlink:href="#g50-106"></use> </g> </svg>。</span>初始频率被定义为<span class="nowrap"> <svg height="12.7178pt" id="M25" style="vertical-align:-3.42947pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.28833 22.1777 12.7178" width="22.1777pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-103"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,6.721,3.132)"> <path d="M781 91L765 118C733 86 702 70 693 70C686 70 685 77 692 106L738 297C772 439 736 451 712 451S675 445 647 431C605 410 526 356 452 257H450L459 294C491 426 459 451 429 451C403 451 386 445 361 431C312 404 239 343 170 253H168L188 333C208 411 205 451 175 451C148 451 85 417 24 346L39 318C57 338 100 374 112 374C120 374 122 372 115 339C91 226 62 112 28 -6L37 -12C59 -4 87 3 114 6C125 68 142 127 154 168C184 227 316 383 372 383C397 383 396 366 381 289C362 192 338 92 312 -6L317 -12C339 -5 367 3 396 6L434 170C468 234 598 383 650 383C668 383 676 369 664 319L609 90C593 23 600 -12 629 -12C654 -12 722 23 781 91Z" id="g50-110"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,14.293,3.132)"> <use xlink:href="#g50-106"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,16.841,3.132)"> <use xlink:href="#g50-111"></use> </g> </svg>。</span>在飞行中,波长<svg height="9.49473pt" id="M26" style="vertical-align:-0.2063999pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.28833 7.30254 9.49473" width="7.30254pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"> <path d="M529 97L508 118C475 75 449 58 438 58C428 58 421 66 415 104C393 234 374 403 364 496C345 670 307 712 254 712C220 712 174 691 153 669L161 645C176 653 194 658 206 658C237 658 261 640 278 562C287 522 290 483 293 434C223 269 110 105 23 9L32 -12C59 -6 85 0 108 7C152 64 251 252 300 366C307 297 315 221 337 82C346 24 363 -12 393 -12C425 -12 475 13 529 97Z" id="g113-233"></path> </g> </svg>和它的振幅或响度<svg height="12.5794pt" id="M27" style="vertical-align:-3.29107pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.28833 6.33919 12.5794" width="6.33919pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-109"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,3.172,3.132)"> <use xlink:href="#g50-106"></use> </g> </svg>将调整寻求的目标。蝙蝠也可以改变脉冲速率<svg height="9.25202pt" id="M28" style="vertical-align:-3.29111pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -5.96091 8.07467 9.25202" width="8.07467pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-115"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,4.901,3.132)"> <use xlink:href="#g50-106"></use> </g> </svg>在的范围<svg height="11.439pt" id="M29" style="vertical-align:-2.15067pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.28833 26.7843 11.439" width="26.7843pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"> <path d="M290 -163V-135C183 -126 181 -122 181 -44V583C181 662 184 666 290 675V703H120V-163H290Z" id="g113-92"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,4.485,0)"> <path d="M241 635C89 635 35 457 35 312C35 153 89 -12 240 -12C390 -12 443 166 443 312C443 466 390 635 241 635ZM238 602C329 602 354 454 354 312C354 172 330 22 240 22C152 22 124 173 124 313S148 602 238 602Z" id="g113-49"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,10.725,0)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-45"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,15.868,0)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-50"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,22.108,0)"> <path d="M226 -163V703H56V676C162 667 165 662 165 584V-43C165 -122 162 -126 56 -136V-163H226Z" id="g113-94"></path> </g> </svg>这样在初始脉冲率是0。蝙蝠也增加了脉搏率一旦接近目标。</span></span><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label">(3)</span><span class="list-content">的音量<svg height="12.5794pt" id="M30" style="vertical-align:-3.29107pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.28833 6.33919 12.5794" width="6.33919pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-109"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,3.172,3.132)"> <use xlink:href="#g50-106"></use> </g> </svg>最初设置为<svg height="12.5794pt" id="M31" style="vertical-align:-3.29107pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.28833 8.22996 12.5794" width="8.22996pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-109"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,3.172,3.132)"> <use xlink:href="#g50-49"></use> </g> </svg>(最大振幅)。在飞行过程中,蝙蝠可以搜索最优解。与脉冲重复频率,一旦蝙蝠接近目标,响度趋于降低,<我>l</我><sub><i>最小值</我></sub>的最小振幅。</span></span></span></p> <p>在这个研究中,我们应用蝙蝠行为调整隶属函数(<我>曼氏金融</我><sub><i>我</我></sub>)FLS的(参见算法<a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/wcmc/2018/6421717/alg2/" target="_blank">2</a>)。在这里,<我>f (x)</我>=<我>曼氏金融</我><sub><i>我</我></sub>。在每一轮中,我们选择最好的曼氏金融,即。,the MF with the maximum Euclidean distance (ED) between a specific MF and an initial MF. Typically, the population (number of bats =<我>n</我>)影响的计算复杂度和精度增益(<a href="#B40">40</a>]。我们深入调查这个权衡和观察到,5蝙蝠(<svg height="9.25202pt" id="M32" style="vertical-align:-3.29111pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -5.96091 10.3843 9.25202" width="10.3843pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-121"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,7.202,3.132)"> <use xlink:href="#g50-106"></use> </g> </svg>= 5),精度没有明显不同,与更多的蝙蝠。我们定义一个迭代阈值(<svg height="11.927pt" id="M33" style="vertical-align:-3.291101pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 13.255 11.927" width="13.255pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-79"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,10.062,3.132)"> <use xlink:href="#g50-106"></use> </g> </svg>)作为隶属函数的范围调整保持原始形状的函数(从梯形、梯形或梯形三角形;参见数据<a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/wcmc/2018/6421717/fig9/" target="_blank">9(一个)</a>和<a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/wcmc/2018/6421717/fig9/" target="_blank">9 (c)</a>;<a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/wcmc/2018/6421717/fig9/" target="_blank">9 (b)</a>和<a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/wcmc/2018/6421717/fig9/" target="_blank">9 (d)</a>为<我>α</我>平滑因子;或数据<a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/wcmc/2018/6421717/fig10/" target="_blank">10 ()</a>和<a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/wcmc/2018/6421717/fig10/" target="_blank">10 (c)</a>;<a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/wcmc/2018/6421717/fig10/" target="_blank">10 (b)</a>和<a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/wcmc/2018/6421717/fig10/" target="_blank">10 (d)</a>AW可用性体重)。我们跟着描述的配置x美国杨et al。<a href="#B35">35</a>]<span class="nowrap"> <svg height="9.25202pt" id="M34" style="vertical-align:-3.29111pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -5.96091 8.07467 9.25202" width="8.07467pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-115"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,4.901,3.132)"> <use xlink:href="#g50-106"></use> </g> </svg>,</span><span class="nowrap"> <svg height="12.5794pt" id="M35" style="vertical-align:-3.29107pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.28833 6.33919 12.5794" width="6.33919pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-109"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,3.172,3.132)"> <use xlink:href="#g50-106"></use> </g> </svg>,</span>和<span class="nowrap"> <svg height="12.7178pt" id="M36" style="vertical-align:-3.42947pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.28833 9.9015 12.7178" width="9.9015pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-103"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,6.721,3.132)"> <use xlink:href="#g50-106"></use> </g> </svg>。</span></p> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="alg2"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-alg2"> <table class="algorithm-group"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <table class="algorithm" id="alg2"> <tbody> <tr> <td colspan="2">目标函数<我>f (x)</我>=<svg height="11.927pt" id="M37" style="vertical-align:-3.291101pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 23.2765 11.927" width="23.2765pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"> <path d="M962 650H795L470 145L347 650H176L170 622C268 613 275 606 244 503L190 322C150 188 132 126 118 91C102 50 80 33 18 28L12 0H245L251 28C175 35 170 48 174 93C177 128 191 180 220 284L292 542H294C331 392 383 150 409 4H432L774 555H776L714 137C700 40 694 34 612 28L606 0H868L874 28C793 34 784 37 797 137L849 533C859 612 863 616 956 622L962 650Z" id="g113-78"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,12.155,0)"> <path d="M584 650H137L131 622C214 614 217 612 200 521L125 127C109 41 101 35 23 28L17 0H288L294 28C201 35 193 42 209 128L242 309H348C440 309 442 300 443 226H471L510 422H482C452 354 449 348 357 348H251L295 575C302 609 304 615 338 615H426C502 615 517 604 526 581C534 560 536 524 537 492L565 494C574 554 583 631 584 650Z" id="g113-71"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,20.121,3.132)"> <path d="M250 606C250 634 233 656 203 656C168 656 146 618 146 593C146 564 169 545 192 545C227 545 250 573 250 606ZM227 95L212 119C187 98 152 71 135 71C129 71 128 78 134 102L207 373C219 418 217 451 194 451C165 451 92 411 30 351L44 326C77 353 106 371 114 371C124 371 121 357 117 341L55 97C32 5 46 -12 70 -12C108 -12 191 51 227 95Z" id="g50-106"></path> </g> </svg></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">初始人口规模<svg height="12.5794pt" id="M38" style="vertical-align:-3.29107pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.28833 88.7982 12.5794" width="88.7982pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"> <path d="M536 404C536 423 520 448 491 448C445 448 398 404 308 283L286 338C255 416 242 448 217 448C182 448 138 402 92 341L111 321C149 368 169 378 178 378C188 378 198 363 214 320L254 212C185 117 138 65 107 65C98 65 85 69 82 75C79 82 73 86 65 86C44 86 23 60 23 39C23 7 44 -12 71 -12C119 -12 168 33 265 177L306 61C321 17 347 -12 373 -12C413 -12 465 33 507 96L491 119C459 84 432 60 413 60C395 60 378 92 358 148L321 250C341 279 369 310 389 332C417 363 439 382 456 382C466 382 475 376 481 368C486 361 492 358 496 358C513 358 536 381 536 404Z" id="g113-121"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,7.202,3.132)"> <path d="M250 606C250 634 233 656 203 656C168 656 146 618 146 593C146 564 169 545 192 545C227 545 250 573 250 606ZM227 95L212 119C187 98 152 71 135 71C129 71 128 78 134 102L207 373C219 418 217 451 194 451C165 451 92 411 30 351L44 326C77 353 106 371 114 371C124 371 121 357 117 341L55 97C32 5 46 -12 70 -12C108 -12 191 51 227 95Z" id="g50-106"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,13.89,0)"> <path d="M162 -163V703H101V-163H162Z" id="g113-9"></path> </g>  <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,20.94,0)"> <path d="M244 607C244 633 228 655 200 655C166 655 146 618 146 594C146 564 166 546 191 546C221 546 244 574 244 607ZM222 91L209 114C184 94 148 66 133 66C127 66 124 73 130 96L201 370C213 416 211 448 191 448C162 448 88 407 29 352L42 328C73 354 104 371 114 371C120 371 119 365 115 345L53 92C32 5 45 -12 68 -12C103 -12 186 50 222 91Z" id="g113-106"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,28.122,0)"> <path d="M448 1V51H364C248 51 153 129 140 230H448V280H140C153 381 248 459 364 459H448V509H365C208 509 80 395 80 255S208 1 365 1H448Z" id="g117-173"></path> </g>  <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,38.617,0)"> <path d="M384 0V27C293 34 287 42 287 114V635C232 613 172 594 109 583V559L157 557C201 555 205 550 205 499V114C205 42 199 34 109 27V0H384Z" id="g113-50"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,44.857,0)"> <path d="M95 130C70 130 46 113 46 88C46 72 54 64 59 64C93 55 121 33 121 -3C121 -41 93 -68 44 -88L55 -117C117 -98 186 -56 186 22C186 91 131 130 95 130Z" id="g113-45"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,50,0)"> <path d="M412 140C382 77 369 73 315 73H129L270 222C362 320 402 379 402 466C402 571 322 635 234 635C177 635 130 609 99 576L42 495L64 475C90 514 133 568 201 568C274 568 318 519 318 435C318 349 255 267 193 193C144 135 87 78 32 23V0H405C417 45 427 89 440 131L412 140Z" id="g113-51"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,56.24,0)"> <path d="M95 130C70 130 46 113 46 88C46 72 54 64 59 64C93 55 121 33 121 -3C121 -41 93 -68 44 -88L55 -117C117 -98 186 -56 186 22C186 91 131 130 95 130Z" id="g113-45"></path> </g>  <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,61.384,0)"> <path d="M113 -12C146 -12 170 11 170 46C170 78 146 103 114 103S58 78 58 46C58 11 82 -12 113 -12Z" id="g113-47"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,66.527,0)"> <path d="M113 -12C146 -12 170 11 170 46C170 78 146 103 114 103S58 78 58 46C58 11 82 -12 113 -12Z" id="g113-47"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,71.67,0)"> <path d="M113 -12C146 -12 170 11 170 46C170 78 146 103 114 103S58 78 58 46C58 11 82 -12 113 -12Z" id="g113-47"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,76.846,0)"> <path d="M95 130C70 130 46 113 46 88C46 72 54 64 59 64C93 55 121 33 121 -3C121 -41 93 -68 44 -88L55 -117C117 -98 186 -56 186 22C186 91 131 130 95 130Z" id="g113-45"></path> </g>  <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,81.989,0)"> <path d="M495 86L479 114C446 82 419 66 409 66C401 66 401 72 406 97C420 166 436 231 453 297C489 435 454 448 428 448C406 448 384 439 354 422C305 394 222 327 161 247H159L183 345C200 415 194 448 173 448C143 448 82 410 23 351L38 325C64 349 95 371 105 371C111 371 116 365 109 336L25 -4L31 -12C50 -4 77 3 107 9C119 69 132 122 145 168C197 254 321 381 370 381C387 381 393 374 378 305L329 95C309 17 320 -12 345 -12C372 -12 430 19 495 86Z" id="g113-111"></path> </g> </svg></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">初始最大迭代<span class="nowrap"> <svg height="11.927pt" id="M39" style="vertical-align:-3.291101pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 13.255 11.927" width="13.255pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"> <path d="M822 650H589L583 622C660 617 677 607 674 561C672 534 664 481 647 390L600 137H596L273 650H126L120 622C176 620 194 615 207 594C221 571 225 557 214 504L161 257C141 166 129 112 121 85C108 42 83 30 29 28L23 0H260L266 28C193 33 173 42 176 89C178 122 186 172 202 255L256 527H259L583 -8H612L690 390C708 481 720 535 728 558C744 603 756 619 816 622L822 650Z" id="g113-79"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,10.062,3.132)"> <path d="M250 606C250 634 233 656 203 656C168 656 146 618 146 593C146 564 169 545 192 545C227 545 250 573 250 606ZM227 95L212 119C187 98 152 71 135 71C129 71 128 78 134 102L207 373C219 418 217 451 194 451C165 451 92 411 30 351L44 326C77 353 106 371 114 371C124 371 121 357 117 341L55 97C32 5 46 -12 70 -12C108 -12 191 51 227 95Z" id="g50-106"></path> </g> </svg>,</span>脉冲重复频率<span class="nowrap"> <svg height="9.25202pt" id="M40" style="vertical-align:-3.29111pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -5.96091 8.07467 9.25202" width="8.07467pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"> <path d="M393 379C402 394 400 411 393 422C384 437 365 448 348 448C301 448 237 372 186 285H182L193 335C210 408 205 448 178 448C150 448 80 402 29 344L45 321C80 355 114 373 122 373C128 373 130 365 124 330C106 228 76 98 50 -5L57 -12C82 -5 112 3 132 6L172 203C196 256 234 304 254 329C275 355 293 367 306 367C318 367 330 360 342 348C347 343 355 343 365 350S386 367 393 379Z" id="g113-115"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,4.901,3.132)"> <path d="M250 606C250 634 233 656 203 656C168 656 146 618 146 593C146 564 169 545 192 545C227 545 250 573 250 606ZM227 95L212 119C187 98 152 71 135 71C129 71 128 78 134 102L207 373C219 418 217 451 194 451C165 451 92 411 30 351L44 326C77 353 106 371 114 371C124 371 121 357 117 341L55 97C32 5 46 -12 70 -12C108 -12 191 51 227 95Z" id="g50-106"></path> </g> </svg>,</span>响度<span class="nowrap"> <svg height="12.5794pt" id="M41" style="vertical-align:-3.29107pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.28833 6.33919 12.5794" width="6.33919pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"> <path d="M238 681C243 705 239 712 230 712C217 712 156 682 75 674L70 648H105C148 648 153 641 144 598L39 110C18 11 35 -12 55 -12C90 -12 166 36 221 103L205 125C174 93 130 65 118 65C112 65 108 68 114 96L238 681Z" id="g113-109"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,3.172,3.132)"> <path d="M250 606C250 634 233 656 203 656C168 656 146 618 146 593C146 564 169 545 192 545C227 545 250 573 250 606ZM227 95L212 119C187 98 152 71 135 71C129 71 128 78 134 102L207 373C219 418 217 451 194 451C165 451 92 411 30 351L44 326C77 353 106 371 114 371C124 371 121 357 117 341L55 97C32 5 46 -12 70 -12C108 -12 191 51 227 95Z" id="g50-106"></path> </g> </svg>,</span>速度<我>v</我><sub><i>我</我></sub>。</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">定义脉冲频率<svg height="12.7178pt" id="M42" style="vertical-align:-3.42947pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.28833 9.9015 12.7178" width="9.9015pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"> <path d="M619 670C619 686 593 712 555 712S459 686 410 634S335 504 320 430H250L219 400L222 388H312L258 73C223 -133 201 -166 187 -180C175 -191 158 -199 140 -199C123 -199 88 -188 74 -172C68 -166 63 -164 54 -171C38 -185 23 -201 23 -215C23 -236 60 -261 93 -261C122 -261 161 -247 207 -200C268 -138 300 -71 337 94C365 220 376 277 394 387L501 399L521 430H401C432 623 464 665 501 665C524 665 544 651 567 627C577 617 583 618 592 625C601 631 619 651 619 670Z" id="g113-103"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,6.721,3.132)"> <path d="M250 606C250 634 233 656 203 656C168 656 146 618 146 593C146 564 169 545 192 545C227 545 250 573 250 606ZM227 95L212 119C187 98 152 71 135 71C129 71 128 78 134 102L207 373C219 418 217 451 194 451C165 451 92 411 30 351L44 326C77 353 106 371 114 371C124 371 121 357 117 341L55 97C32 5 46 -12 70 -12C108 -12 191 51 227 95Z" id="g50-106"></path> </g> </svg></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><b>而</b>(<svg height="11.927pt" id="M43" style="vertical-align:-3.291101pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 13.255 11.927" width="13.255pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"> <path d="M822 650H589L583 622C660 617 677 607 674 561C672 534 664 481 647 390L600 137H596L273 650H126L120 622C176 620 194 615 207 594C221 571 225 557 214 504L161 257C141 166 129 112 121 85C108 42 83 30 29 28L23 0H260L266 28C193 33 173 42 176 89C178 122 186 172 202 255L256 527H259L583 -8H612L690 390C708 481 720 535 728 558C744 603 756 619 816 622L822 650Z" id="g113-79"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,10.062,3.132)"> <path d="M250 606C250 634 233 656 203 656C168 656 146 618 146 593C146 564 169 545 192 545C227 545 250 573 250 606ZM227 95L212 119C187 98 152 71 135 71C129 71 128 78 134 102L207 373C219 418 217 451 194 451C165 451 92 411 30 351L44 326C77 353 106 371 114 371C124 371 121 357 117 341L55 97C32 5 46 -12 70 -12C108 -12 191 51 227 95Z" id="g50-106"></path> </g> </svg>)</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">通过调整产生新的解决方案<svg height="12.7178pt" id="M44" style="vertical-align:-3.42947pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.28833 9.9015 12.7178" width="9.9015pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"> <path d="M619 670C619 686 593 712 555 712S459 686 410 634S335 504 320 430H250L219 400L222 388H312L258 73C223 -133 201 -166 187 -180C175 -191 158 -199 140 -199C123 -199 88 -188 74 -172C68 -166 63 -164 54 -171C38 -185 23 -201 23 -215C23 -236 60 -261 93 -261C122 -261 161 -247 207 -200C268 -138 300 -71 337 94C365 220 376 277 394 387L501 399L521 430H401C432 623 464 665 501 665C524 665 544 651 567 627C577 617 583 618 592 625C601 631 619 651 619 670Z" id="g113-103"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,6.721,3.132)"> <path d="M250 606C250 634 233 656 203 656C168 656 146 618 146 593C146 564 169 545 192 545C227 545 250 573 250 606ZM227 95L212 119C187 98 152 71 135 71C129 71 128 78 134 102L207 373C219 418 217 451 194 451C165 451 92 411 30 351L44 326C77 353 106 371 114 371C124 371 121 357 117 341L55 97C32 5 46 -12 70 -12C108 -12 191 51 227 95Z" id="g50-106"></path> </g> </svg></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">更新<我>六世</我>和<svg height="11.927pt" id="M45" style="vertical-align:-3.291101pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 23.2765 11.927" width="23.2765pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"> <path d="M962 650H795L470 145L347 650H176L170 622C268 613 275 606 244 503L190 322C150 188 132 126 118 91C102 50 80 33 18 28L12 0H245L251 28C175 35 170 48 174 93C177 128 191 180 220 284L292 542H294C331 392 383 150 409 4H432L774 555H776L714 137C700 40 694 34 612 28L606 0H868L874 28C793 34 784 37 797 137L849 533C859 612 863 616 956 622L962 650Z" id="g113-78"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,12.155,0)"> <path d="M584 650H137L131 622C214 614 217 612 200 521L125 127C109 41 101 35 23 28L17 0H288L294 28C201 35 193 42 209 128L242 309H348C440 309 442 300 443 226H471L510 422H482C452 354 449 348 357 348H251L295 575C302 609 304 615 338 615H426C502 615 517 604 526 581C534 560 536 524 537 492L565 494C574 554 583 631 584 650Z" id="g113-71"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,20.121,3.132)"> <path d="M250 606C250 634 233 656 203 656C168 656 146 618 146 593C146 564 169 545 192 545C227 545 250 573 250 606ZM227 95L212 119C187 98 152 71 135 71C129 71 128 78 134 102L207 373C219 418 217 451 194 451C165 451 92 411 30 351L44 326C77 353 106 371 114 371C124 371 121 357 117 341L55 97C32 5 46 -12 70 -12C108 -12 191 51 227 95Z" id="g50-106"></path> </g> </svg></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><span style="margin-left:1.1111111111111112em"></span><b>如果</b>(rand ()→<svg height="9.25202pt" id="M46" style="vertical-align:-3.29111pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -5.96091 8.07467 9.25202" width="8.07467pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"> <path d="M393 379C402 394 400 411 393 422C384 437 365 448 348 448C301 448 237 372 186 285H182L193 335C210 408 205 448 178 448C150 448 80 402 29 344L45 321C80 355 114 373 122 373C128 373 130 365 124 330C106 228 76 98 50 -5L57 -12C82 -5 112 3 132 6L172 203C196 256 234 304 254 329C275 355 293 367 306 367C318 367 330 360 342 348C347 343 355 343 365 350S386 367 393 379Z" id="g113-115"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,4.901,3.132)"> <path d="M250 606C250 634 233 656 203 656C168 656 146 618 146 593C146 564 169 545 192 545C227 545 250 573 250 606ZM227 95L212 119C187 98 152 71 135 71C129 71 128 78 134 102L207 373C219 418 217 451 194 451C165 451 92 411 30 351L44 326C77 353 106 371 114 371C124 371 121 357 117 341L55 97C32 5 46 -12 70 -12C108 -12 191 51 227 95Z" id="g50-106"></path> </g> </svg>)</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><span style="margin-left:2.2222222222222223em"></span>选择一个解决方案,并生成一个当地的解决方案</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><span style="margin-left:1.1111111111111112em"></span><b>如果</b></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><span style="margin-left:2.2222222222222223em"></span>生成一个新的解决方案与一个随机飞行模式</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><span style="margin-left:1.1111111111111112em"></span><b>如果</b>(rand ()<b><</b> <svg height="12.5794pt" id="M47" style="vertical-align:-3.29107pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.28833 6.33919 12.5794" width="6.33919pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"> <path d="M238 681C243 705 239 712 230 712C217 712 156 682 75 674L70 648H105C148 648 153 641 144 598L39 110C18 11 35 -12 55 -12C90 -12 166 36 221 103L205 125C174 93 130 65 118 65C112 65 108 68 114 96L238 681Z" id="g113-109"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,3.172,3.132)"> <path d="M250 606C250 634 233 656 203 656C168 656 146 618 146 593C146 564 169 545 192 545C227 545 250 573 250 606ZM227 95L212 119C187 98 152 71 135 71C129 71 128 78 134 102L207 373C219 418 217 451 194 451C165 451 92 411 30 351L44 326C77 353 106 371 114 371C124 371 121 357 117 341L55 97C32 5 46 -12 70 -12C108 -12 191 51 227 95Z" id="g50-106"></path> </g> </svg>&<svg height="12.7178pt" id="M48" style="vertical-align:-3.42947pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.28833 27.7913 12.7178" width="27.7913pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"> <path d="M619 670C619 686 593 712 555 712S459 686 410 634S335 504 320 430H250L219 400L222 388H312L258 73C223 -133 201 -166 187 -180C175 -191 158 -199 140 -199C123 -199 88 -188 74 -172C68 -166 63 -164 54 -171C38 -185 23 -201 23 -215C23 -236 60 -261 93 -261C122 -261 161 -247 207 -200C268 -138 300 -71 337 94C365 220 376 277 394 387L501 399L521 430H401C432 623 464 665 501 665C524 665 544 651 567 627C577 617 583 618 592 625C601 631 619 651 619 670Z" id="g113-103"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,8.352,0)"> <path d="M300 -147C201 -63 143 98 143 270S200 602 300 686L282 710C136 610 70 450 70 271V270C70 89 136 -72 282 -170L300 -147Z" id="g113-41"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,12.85,0)"> <path d="M536 404C536 423 520 448 491 448C445 448 398 404 308 283L286 338C255 416 242 448 217 448C182 448 138 402 92 341L111 321C149 368 169 378 178 378C188 378 198 363 214 320L254 212C185 117 138 65 107 65C98 65 85 69 82 75C79 82 73 86 65 86C44 86 23 60 23 39C23 7 44 -12 71 -12C119 -12 168 33 265 177L306 61C321 17 347 -12 373 -12C413 -12 465 33 507 96L491 119C459 84 432 60 413 60C395 60 378 92 358 148L321 250C341 279 369 310 389 332C417 363 439 382 456 382C466 382 475 376 481 368C486 361 492 358 496 358C513 358 536 381 536 404Z" id="g113-121"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,20.052,3.132)"> <path d="M250 606C250 634 233 656 203 656C168 656 146 618 146 593C146 564 169 545 192 545C227 545 250 573 250 606ZM227 95L212 119C187 98 152 71 135 71C129 71 128 78 134 102L207 373C219 418 217 451 194 451C165 451 92 411 30 351L44 326C77 353 106 371 114 371C124 371 121 357 117 341L55 97C32 5 46 -12 70 -12C108 -12 191 51 227 95Z" id="g50-106"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,23.108,0)"> <path d="M275 270C275 450 212 609 64 710L45 686C145 604 203 442 203 270S147 -63 45 -147L64 -170C213 -68 275 89 275 270Z" id="g113-42"></path> </g> </svg><b><</b> <svg height="12.7178pt" id="M49" style="vertical-align:-3.42947pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.28833 24.8009 12.7178" width="24.8009pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"> <path d="M619 670C619 686 593 712 555 712S459 686 410 634S335 504 320 430H250L219 400L222 388H312L258 73C223 -133 201 -166 187 -180C175 -191 158 -199 140 -199C123 -199 88 -188 74 -172C68 -166 63 -164 54 -171C38 -185 23 -201 23 -215C23 -236 60 -261 93 -261C122 -261 161 -247 207 -200C268 -138 300 -71 337 94C365 220 376 277 394 387L501 399L521 430H401C432 623 464 665 501 665C524 665 544 651 567 627C577 617 583 618 592 625C601 631 619 651 619 670Z" id="g113-103"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,8.352,0)"> <path d="M300 -147C201 -63 143 98 143 270S200 602 300 686L282 710C136 610 70 450 70 271V270C70 89 136 -72 282 -170L300 -147Z" id="g113-41"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,12.85,0)"> <path d="M536 404C536 423 520 448 491 448C445 448 398 404 308 283L286 338C255 416 242 448 217 448C182 448 138 402 92 341L111 321C149 368 169 378 178 378C188 378 198 363 214 320L254 212C185 117 138 65 107 65C98 65 85 69 82 75C79 82 73 86 65 86C44 86 23 60 23 39C23 7 44 -12 71 -12C119 -12 168 33 265 177L306 61C321 17 347 -12 373 -12C413 -12 465 33 507 96L491 119C459 84 432 60 413 60C395 60 378 92 358 148L321 250C341 279 369 310 389 332C417 363 439 382 456 382C466 382 475 376 481 368C486 361 492 358 496 358C513 358 536 381 536 404Z" id="g113-121"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,20.117,0)"> <path d="M275 270C275 450 212 609 64 710L45 686C145 604 203 442 203 270S147 -63 45 -147L64 -170C213 -68 275 89 275 270Z" id="g113-42"></path> </g> </svg><b>)</b></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><span style="margin-left:2.2222222222222223em"></span>接受新的解决方案<svg height="11.927pt" id="M50" style="vertical-align:-3.291101pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 23.2765 11.927" width="23.2765pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"> <path d="M962 650H795L470 145L347 650H176L170 622C268 613 275 606 244 503L190 322C150 188 132 126 118 91C102 50 80 33 18 28L12 0H245L251 28C175 35 170 48 174 93C177 128 191 180 220 284L292 542H294C331 392 383 150 409 4H432L774 555H776L714 137C700 40 694 34 612 28L606 0H868L874 28C793 34 784 37 797 137L849 533C859 612 863 616 956 622L962 650Z" id="g113-78"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,12.155,0)"> <path d="M584 650H137L131 622C214 614 217 612 200 521L125 127C109 41 101 35 23 28L17 0H288L294 28C201 35 193 42 209 128L242 309H348C440 309 442 300 443 226H471L510 422H482C452 354 449 348 357 348H251L295 575C302 609 304 615 338 615H426C502 615 517 604 526 581C534 560 536 524 537 492L565 494C574 554 583 631 584 650Z" id="g113-71"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,20.121,3.132)"> <path d="M250 606C250 634 233 656 203 656C168 656 146 618 146 593C146 564 169 545 192 545C227 545 250 573 250 606ZM227 95L212 119C187 98 152 71 135 71C129 71 128 78 134 102L207 373C219 418 217 451 194 451C165 451 92 411 30 351L44 326C77 353 106 371 114 371C124 371 121 357 117 341L55 97C32 5 46 -12 70 -12C108 -12 191 51 227 95Z" id="g50-106"></path> </g> </svg></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><span style="margin-left:2.2222222222222223em"></span>增加<svg height="9.25202pt" id="M51" style="vertical-align:-3.29111pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -5.96091 8.07467 9.25202" width="8.07467pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"> <path d="M393 379C402 394 400 411 393 422C384 437 365 448 348 448C301 448 237 372 186 285H182L193 335C210 408 205 448 178 448C150 448 80 402 29 344L45 321C80 355 114 373 122 373C128 373 130 365 124 330C106 228 76 98 50 -5L57 -12C82 -5 112 3 132 6L172 203C196 256 234 304 254 329C275 355 293 367 306 367C318 367 330 360 342 348C347 343 355 343 365 350S386 367 393 379Z" id="g113-115"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,4.901,3.132)"> <path d="M250 606C250 634 233 656 203 656C168 656 146 618 146 593C146 564 169 545 192 545C227 545 250 573 250 606ZM227 95L212 119C187 98 152 71 135 71C129 71 128 78 134 102L207 373C219 418 217 451 194 451C165 451 92 411 30 351L44 326C77 353 106 371 114 371C124 371 121 357 117 341L55 97C32 5 46 -12 70 -12C108 -12 191 51 227 95Z" id="g50-106"></path> </g> </svg>并减少<svg height="11.927pt" id="M52" style="vertical-align:-3.291101pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 11.4804 11.927" width="11.4804pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"> <path d="M541 160L512 170C485 116 462 88 439 67C411 41 376 35 318 35C272 35 238 37 224 48C207 61 205 85 212 121L290 533C305 611 308 615 391 622L397 650H139L133 622C217 615 221 612 206 533L126 118C111 41 103 34 23 26L17 0H474C489 31 528 124 541 160Z" id="g113-77"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,8.294,3.132)"> <path d="M250 606C250 634 233 656 203 656C168 656 146 618 146 593C146 564 169 545 192 545C227 545 250 573 250 606ZM227 95L212 119C187 98 152 71 135 71C129 71 128 78 134 102L207 373C219 418 217 451 194 451C165 451 92 411 30 351L44 326C77 353 106 371 114 371C124 371 121 357 117 341L55 97C32 5 46 -12 70 -12C108 -12 191 51 227 95Z" id="g50-106"></path> </g> </svg></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><span style="margin-left:1.1111111111111112em"></span><b>如果</b></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><span style="margin-left:1.1111111111111112em"></span>把蝙蝠和找到最优<svg height="11.927pt" id="M53" style="vertical-align:-3.291101pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 23.2765 11.927" width="23.2765pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"> <path d="M962 650H795L470 145L347 650H176L170 622C268 613 275 606 244 503L190 322C150 188 132 126 118 91C102 50 80 33 18 28L12 0H245L251 28C175 35 170 48 174 93C177 128 191 180 220 284L292 542H294C331 392 383 150 409 4H432L774 555H776L714 137C700 40 694 34 612 28L606 0H868L874 28C793 34 784 37 797 137L849 533C859 612 863 616 956 622L962 650Z" id="g113-78"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,12.155,0)"> <path d="M584 650H137L131 622C214 614 217 612 200 521L125 127C109 41 101 35 23 28L17 0H288L294 28C201 35 193 42 209 128L242 309H348C440 309 442 300 443 226H471L510 422H482C452 354 449 348 357 348H251L295 575C302 609 304 615 338 615H426C502 615 517 604 526 581C534 560 536 524 537 492L565 494C574 554 583 631 584 650Z" id="g113-71"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,20.121,3.132)"> <path d="M250 606C250 634 233 656 203 656C168 656 146 618 146 593C146 564 169 545 192 545C227 545 250 573 250 606ZM227 95L212 119C187 98 152 71 135 71C129 71 128 78 134 102L207 373C219 418 217 451 194 451C165 451 92 411 30 351L44 326C77 353 106 371 114 371C124 371 121 357 117 341L55 97C32 5 46 -12 70 -12C108 -12 191 51 227 95Z" id="g50-106"></path> </g> </svg>使用ED</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><b>结束时</b></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">算法2</span> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/wcmc/2018/6421717/alg2/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <div> 会员使用蝙蝠调整。</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig9"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig9"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(一)跳的大小”name="6421717.fig.009a" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/wcmc/volume-2018/6421717/figures/6421717.fig.009a.svgz"> <br> <strong>(一)跳的大小</strong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(b)跳数”name="6421717.fig.009b" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/wcmc/volume-2018/6421717/figures/6421717.fig.009b.svgz"> <br> <strong>(b)跳数</strong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(c)跳大小(调整后)”name="6421717.fig.009c" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/wcmc/volume-2018/6421717/figures/6421717.fig.009c.svgz"> <br> <strong>(c)跳大小(调整后)</strong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(d)跳计数(调整后)”name="6421717.fig.009d" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/wcmc/volume-2018/6421717/figures/6421717.fig.009d.svgz"> <br> <strong>(d)跳计数(调整后)</strong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(e)输出的重量”name="6421717.fig.009e" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/wcmc/volume-2018/6421717/figures/6421717.fig.009e.svgz"> <br> <strong>(e)输出的重量</strong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs fig-thumbs-fig9"> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(a) Hop size"><img alt="(一)跳的大小”name="6421717.fig.009a" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/wcmc/volume-2018/6421717/figures/6421717.fig.009a.svgz"><br><strong>(一)跳的大小</strong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(b) Hop count"><img alt="(b)跳数”name="6421717.fig.009b" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/wcmc/volume-2018/6421717/figures/6421717.fig.009b.svgz"><br><strong>(b)跳数</strong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(c) Hop size (after adjustment)"><img alt="(c)跳大小(调整后)”name="6421717.fig.009c" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/wcmc/volume-2018/6421717/figures/6421717.fig.009c.svgz"><br><strong>(c)跳大小(调整后)</strong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(d) Hop count (after adjustment)"><img alt="(d)跳计数(调整后)”name="6421717.fig.009d" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/wcmc/volume-2018/6421717/figures/6421717.fig.009d.svgz"><br><strong>(d)跳计数(调整后)</strong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(e) Output weight"><img alt="(e)输出的重量”name="6421717.fig.009e" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/wcmc/volume-2018/6421717/figures/6421717.fig.009e.svgz"><br><strong>(e)输出的重量</strong></button> </div> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev fig-nav-fig9"> <button class="carousel-prev" aria-label="Previous"></button> <button class="carousel-next" aria-label="Next"></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图9</span> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/wcmc/2018/6421717/fig9/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <div> <svg height="6.1673pt" id="M54" style="vertical-align:-0.2063904pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -5.96091 7.51131 6.1673" width="7.51131pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"> <path d="M545 106L524 126C493 85 467 65 455 65C438 65 427 113 405 238C448 295 498 362 543 439L533 448L478 435C453 386 423 331 398 295H395C370 404 347 448 282 448C169 448 23 309 23 153C23 54 65 -12 128 -12C203 -12 283 70 339 155H341C360 29 380 -12 411 -12C444 -12 491 11 545 106ZM333 204C265 95 210 54 169 54C137 54 113 96 113 171C113 302 191 405 252 405C301 405 318 306 333 204Z" id="g113-223"></path> </g> </svg>隶属函数(蝙蝠调优之前和之后):跳数,跳的大小,重量和输出。</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig10"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig10"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(一)缓冲区占用”name="6421717.fig.0010a" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/wcmc/volume-2018/6421717/figures/6421717.fig.0010a.svgz"> <br> <strong>(一)缓冲区占用</strong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(b)转发率”name="6421717.fig.0010b" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/wcmc/volume-2018/6421717/figures/6421717.fig.0010b.svgz"> <br> <strong>(b)转发率</strong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(c)缓冲区占用(调整后)”name="6421717.fig.0010c" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/wcmc/volume-2018/6421717/figures/6421717.fig.0010c.svgz"> <br> <strong>(c)缓冲区占用(调整后)</strong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(d)转发率(调整后)”name="6421717.fig.0010d" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/wcmc/volume-2018/6421717/figures/6421717.fig.0010d.svgz"> <br> <strong>(d)转发率(调整后)</strong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(e)输出的重量”name="6421717.fig.0010e" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/wcmc/volume-2018/6421717/figures/6421717.fig.0010e.svgz"> <br> <strong>(e)输出的重量</strong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs fig-thumbs-fig10"> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(a) Buffer occupancy"><img alt="(一)缓冲区占用”name="6421717.fig.0010a" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/wcmc/volume-2018/6421717/figures/6421717.fig.0010a.svgz"><br><strong>(一)缓冲区占用</strong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(b) Forwarding rate"><img alt="(b)转发率”name="6421717.fig.0010b" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/wcmc/volume-2018/6421717/figures/6421717.fig.0010b.svgz"><br><strong>(b)转发率</strong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(c) Buffer occupancy (after adjustment)"><img alt="(c)缓冲区占用(调整后)”name="6421717.fig.0010c" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/wcmc/volume-2018/6421717/figures/6421717.fig.0010c.svgz"><br><strong>(c)缓冲区占用(调整后)</strong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(d) Forwarding rate (after adjustment)"><img alt="(d)转发率(调整后)”name="6421717.fig.0010d" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/wcmc/volume-2018/6421717/figures/6421717.fig.0010d.svgz"><br><strong>(d)转发率(调整后)</strong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(e) Output weight"><img alt="(e)输出的重量”name="6421717.fig.0010e" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/wcmc/volume-2018/6421717/figures/6421717.fig.0010e.svgz"><br><strong>(e)输出的重量</strong></button> </div> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev fig-nav-fig10"> <button class="carousel-prev" aria-label="Previous"></button> <button class="carousel-next" aria-label="Next"></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图10</span> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/wcmc/2018/6421717/fig10/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <div> AW隶属函数(蝙蝠调优之前和之后):缓冲区占用,转发率,和输出的重量。</div> </div> </div> </div> <p><i>(C)和自适应模糊逻辑系统优化平滑因子的隶属函数</我>。与前面所讨论的指数平滑法、平滑因子的值(<我>α</我>)会影响预测精度。因此,我们关注的<我>α</我>推导关于跳大小之间的关系(从源节点跳数)和跳数(从水槽节点跳数)使用FLS的。</p> <p>类似于前一节(部分<a href="#sec4.2">4.2</a>),我们应用FLS的除了会员使用蝙蝠在不同输入调优;在这里,两个关系(hop大小和跳数)作为输入。请注意,类似的应用步骤。</p> <p>例如,Fuzzifier,我们检查不同的隶属度函数(即。,the two inputs with a triangular function for low and a trapezoidal function for medium and high) and used a triangular function for the output weight (see Figures<a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/wcmc/2018/6421717/fig9/" target="_blank">9(一个)</a>和<a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/wcmc/2018/6421717/fig9/" target="_blank">9 (b)</a>)。数据<a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/wcmc/2018/6421717/fig9/" target="_blank">9 (c)</a>和<a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/wcmc/2018/6421717/fig9/" target="_blank">9 (d)</a>显示会员与蝙蝠调优后。表<a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/wcmc/2018/6421717/tab7/" target="_blank">7</a>显示了一个示例模糊规则;在这里,有9规则。</p> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="tab7"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-tab7"> <table class="fixed-width table-group" id="tab7"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <table class="table"> <colgroup> <col style="width:5.72em"> <col style="width:6.71em"> <col style="width:4.99em"> </colgroup> <tbody> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="3"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr class="thead"> <td class="align_left"><b>如果</b></td> <td class="align_center"><b>和</b></td> <td class="align_center"><b>然后</b></td> </tr> <tr class="thead"> <td class="align_left"><b>(跳大小)</b></td> <td class="align_center"><b>(跳数)</b></td> <td class="align_center"><b>(重量)</b></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="3"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="align_left">l</td> <td class="align_center">l</td> <td class="align_center">H</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="align_left">l</td> <td class="align_center">米</td> <td class="align_center">H</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="align_left">l</td> <td class="align_center">H</td> <td class="align_center">米</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="align_left">米</td> <td class="align_center">l</td> <td class="align_center">l</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="align_left">米</td> <td class="align_center">米</td> <td class="align_center">米</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="align_left">米</td> <td class="align_center">H</td> <td class="align_center">米</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="align_left">H</td> <td class="align_center">l</td> <td class="align_center">l</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="align_left">H</td> <td class="align_center">米</td> <td class="align_center">l</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="align_left">H</td> <td class="align_center">H</td> <td class="align_center">米</td> </tr> <tr class="table-tr"> <td colspan="3"> <hr class="tbody-hr"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">表7</span> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/wcmc/2018/6421717/tab7/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <div> 例如:模糊规则<span class="nowrap"> <svg height="6.1673pt" id="M55" style="vertical-align:-0.2063904pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -5.96091 7.51131 6.1673" width="7.51131pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"> <path d="M545 106L524 126C493 85 467 65 455 65C438 65 427 113 405 238C448 295 498 362 543 439L533 448L478 435C453 386 423 331 398 295H395C370 404 347 448 282 448C169 448 23 309 23 153C23 54 65 -12 128 -12C203 -12 283 70 339 155H341C360 29 380 -12 411 -12C444 -12 491 11 545 106ZM333 204C265 95 210 54 169 54C137 54 113 96 113 171C113 302 191 405 252 405C301 405 318 306 333 204Z" id="g113-223"></path> </g> </svg>。</span> </div> </div> </div> </div> <p>注意,相同的概念模糊推理引擎和应用Defuzzifier(聚合方法和齿轮;参见图<a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/wcmc/2018/6421717/fig8/" target="_blank">8</a>),但是使用不同的输入。随后,去模糊化用于确定后的重量<我>α</我>最终的输出。</p> <p>从部分<a href="#sec4.3.1">4.3.1</a>(一)和<a href="#sec4.3.1">4.3.1</a>(B),我们优化的应用<我>α</我>(<我>α</我><sub><i>选择</我></sub>)与缓冲指数平滑参数的线性关系,所述<span class="equation_break" id="EEq7"><span class="left_break" id="L56"></span><span class="middle_break"><span class="center_break" id="M56"> <svg height="18.3157pt" id="M56-1" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 86.738 18.3157" width="86.738pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g id="B56-1"> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,12.485)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-67"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,8.08,12.485)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-80"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,17.53,15.617)"> <use xlink:href="#g50-117"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,20.68,15.617)"> <use xlink:href="#g54-36"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,26.24,15.617)"> <use xlink:href="#g50-50"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,34.85,12.485)"> <use xlink:href="#g117-34"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,46.12,12.485)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-223"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,53.18,15.617)"> <path d="M452 282C452 397 389 451 302 451C268 451 227 441 188 422C95 377 24 281 24 154C24 65 70 -12 173 -12C240 -12 297 16 342 52C418 113 452 201 452 282ZM359 282C359 163 308 66 247 39C237 35 225 32 212 32C151 32 114 79 114 157C114 301 180 380 223 398C240 405 250 408 265 408C315 408 359 369 359 282Z" id="g50-112"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,56.92,15.617)"> <path d="M573 302C573 402 527 451 414 451C386 451 343 446 313 437L330 513L320 522C295 508 261 484 243 463L230 415C194 400 159 383 126 359L131 330C159 344 187 357 222 368L109 -147C96 -204 80 -214 18 -223L13 -255L256 -244L259 -212L236 -210C184 -205 180 -195 191 -141L219 -1C240 -10 268 -12 284 -12C352 4 431 48 484 104C543 166 573 240 573 302ZM481 290C481 165 381 37 305 37C280 37 249 56 235 71L302 395C328 399 353 402 372 402C427 402 481 378 481 290Z" id="g50-113"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,62.36,15.617)"> <use xlink:href="#g50-117"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,66.06,12.485)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-67"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,74.13,12.485)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-80"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,83.58,15.617)"> <use xlink:href="#g50-117"></use> </g> </g> </svg> <svg height="18.3157pt" id="M56-2" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 94.332 18.3157" width="94.332pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g id="B56-2"> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,12.485)"> <use xlink:href="#g117-36"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,10.53,12.485)"> <path d="M378 -385C239 -253 158 0 158 271S238 795 378 927L356 953C165 798 79 550 79 272V271C79 -10 165 -259 356 -411L378 -385Z" id="g119-133"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,16.31,12.485)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-50"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,25.46,12.485)"> <use xlink:href="#g117-33"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,36,12.485)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-223"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,43.06,15.617)"> <use xlink:href="#g50-112"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,46.8,15.617)"> <use xlink:href="#g50-113"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,52.24,15.617)"> <use xlink:href="#g50-117"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,55.94,12.485)"> <path d="M364 271V272C364 550 278 798 87 953L65 927C205 795 285 542 285 271S204 -253 65 -385L87 -411C278 -259 364 -10 364 271Z" id="g119-134"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,63.98,12.485)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-67"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,72.05,12.485)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-80"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,81.5,15.617)"> <path d="M303 37L293 66C280 59 256 49 231 49S173 63 173 143V396H281C294 404 297 428 287 439H173V575L158 577L92 509V439H46L17 408L22 396H92V107C92 28 128 -12 192 -12C202 -12 219 -8 237 2L303 37Z" id="g58-114"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,84.34,15.617)"> <use xlink:href="#g54-33"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,89.9,15.617)"> <use xlink:href="#g50-50"></use> </g> </g> </svg></span></span><span class="right_break" id="R56"> <svg class="label" height="11.44pt" id="M56-3" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 15.028 11.44" width="15.028pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g id="B56-3"> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,9.25)"> <use xlink:href="#g190-41"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,4.5,9.25)"> <path d="M430 623H48C43 580 39 534 30 478H57C80 544 84 550 152 550H369C286 366 187 178 74 -1L81 -12L156 -2C249 201 343 408 438 611L430 623Z" id="g190-223"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,10.53,9.25)"> <use xlink:href="#g190-42"></use> </g> </g> </svg></span></span></p> <p><i>(D)和自适应模糊逻辑系统隶属函数对优化可用性的重量</我>。我们认为是缓冲区占用的指数平滑法(BO),前面是得到的预测和转发率(FR)作为确定的两个输入参数FLS的可用性体重(AW)。注意,BO用于确定数据包处理的约束(排队=下降如果缓冲区已满),和FR的传输能力。注意,这两个因素是用来避免路径可能导致高丢包的概率(由于拥塞,导致队列可用性和较低的传输速率)。</p> <p>类似于前一节(部分<a href="#sec4.2">4.2</a>),我们应用FLS的除了会员使用蝙蝠在不同输入调优:预测缓冲区占用和转发率。类似的措施也被应用。例如,Fuzzifier,我们检查不同的隶属度函数(即。,the two inputs with triangular functions for low and high and a trapezoidal function for medium) and a triangular function for the output weight (to achieve high precision for high performance achievement, we used five membership levels instead of three, very low, low, medium, high, and very high; see also Figures<a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/wcmc/2018/6421717/fig10/" target="_blank">10 ()</a>和<a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/wcmc/2018/6421717/fig10/" target="_blank">10 (b)</a>)。</p> <p>数据<a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/wcmc/2018/6421717/fig10/" target="_blank">10 (c)</a>和<a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/wcmc/2018/6421717/fig10/" target="_blank">10 (d)</a>显示会员与蝙蝠调优后。表<a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/wcmc/2018/6421717/tab8/" target="_blank">8</a>显示了一个示例模糊规则;在这里,有9规则。相同的概念模糊推理引擎和应用Defuzzifier(聚合方法和齿轮;参见图<a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/wcmc/2018/6421717/fig8/" target="_blank">8</a>),但是使用不同的输入。随后,去模糊化后的重量用于确定AW作为最终的输出。</p> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="tab8"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-tab8"> <table class="fixed-width table-group" id="tab8"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <table class="table"> <colgroup> <col style="width:9.51em"> <col style="width:9.03em"> <col style="width:4.99em"> </colgroup> <tbody> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="3"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr class="thead"> <td class="align_left"><b>如果</b></td> <td class="align_center"><b>和</b></td> <td class="align_center"><b>然后</b></td> </tr> <tr class="thead"> <td class="align_left"><b>(缓冲区占用)</b></td> <td class="align_center"><b>(转发)</b></td> <td class="align_center"><b>(重量)</b></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="3"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="align_left">l</td> <td class="align_center">l</td> <td class="align_center">l</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="align_left">l</td> <td class="align_center">米</td> <td class="align_center">H</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="align_left">l</td> <td class="align_center">H</td> <td class="align_center">VH</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="align_left">米</td> <td class="align_center">l</td> <td class="align_center">l</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="align_left">米</td> <td class="align_center">米</td> <td class="align_center">米</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="align_left">米</td> <td class="align_center">H</td> <td class="align_center">H</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="align_left">H</td> <td class="align_center">l</td> <td class="align_center">六世</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="align_left">H</td> <td class="align_center">米</td> <td class="align_center">l</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="align_left">H</td> <td class="align_center">H</td> <td class="align_center">米</td> </tr> <tr class="table-tr"> <td colspan="3"> <hr class="tbody-hr"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">表8</span> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/wcmc/2018/6421717/tab8/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <div> 例如:模糊规则的哦。</div> </div> </div> </div> <p>图<a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/wcmc/2018/6421717/fig11/" target="_blank">11</a>也显示了我们的建议的详细序列图,的。</p> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig11"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig11"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="6421717.fig.0011" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/wcmc/volume-2018/6421717/figures/6421717.fig.0011.svgz"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图11</span> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/wcmc/2018/6421717/fig11/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <div> 序列图的。</div> </div> </div> </div> <h5 id="sec4.4">4.4。道路的决心</h5> <p>作为一个例子,如图<a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/wcmc/2018/6421717/fig12/" target="_blank">12</a>,的可以选择的路径从源到汇3类基于用户需求和重量信息的存在。<span class="list"><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label">(我)</span><span class="list-content"><b>我:</b>自顶向下的层次结构(部分<a href="#sec4.1">4.1</a>)。路线后创建阶段,所有SNs决定他们从水槽节点跳数。向上发送数据包,SN可以简单地选择最低的父母跳数(存储在你的邻居表)水槽节点。如果有多个可能的下一跳,首选的下一跳是最低的节点标识(这也是申请下面的其他两种情况)。</span></span><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label">(2)</span><span class="list-content"><b>案例二:</b>助力路由重量(部分<a href="#sec4.2">4.2</a>)。与一个额外的重量测定过程考虑到两个因素(跳数和剩余能量),一个特定的SN可以选择父母的最大电子战邻居表。</span></span><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label">(3)</span><span class="list-content"><b>案例三:</b>拥塞控制和预测(部分<a href="#sec4.3">4.3</a>)。与第二种情况类似,但与一个额外的重量(AW),在这里,我们定义链接得分(LS)作为路径选择标准在电子战和啊,见(<a href="#EEq8">8</a>)。在这里,<svg height="9.39034pt" id="M57" style="vertical-align:-3.42943pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -5.96091 6.63704 9.39034" width="6.63704pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"> <path d="M478 372C478 418 458 448 431 448C409 448 389 431 389 410C389 404 391 400 394 395C398 388 406 371 406 348C406 253 308 122 251 51H249C254 122 249 257 231 336C212 421 189 448 159 448C126 448 75 412 23 327L48 306C83 354 103 371 115 371C125 371 134 360 144 334C185 224 192 64 183 -19C146 -100 116 -202 110 -244L125 -261C154 -259 208 -234 222 -220C222 -194 225 -84 235 -23C247 -3 273 36 308 79C379 165 478 288 478 372Z" id="g113-225"></path> </g> </svg>是一个加权常数来确定这两个因素之间的关系,范围在0和1之间:<span class="equation_break" id="EEq8"><span class="left_break" id="L58"></span><span class="middle_break"><span class="center_break" id="M58"> <svg height="14.5707pt" id="M58-1" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 128.232 14.5707" width="128.232pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g id="B58-1"> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,10.593)"> <path d="M541 160L512 170C485 116 462 88 439 67C411 41 376 35 318 35C272 35 238 37 224 48C207 61 205 85 212 121L290 533C305 611 308 615 391 622L397 650H139L133 622C217 615 221 612 206 533L126 118C111 41 103 34 23 26L17 0H474C489 31 528 124 541 160Z" id="g113-77"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,7.19,10.593)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-84"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,16.95,10.593)"> <use xlink:href="#g117-34"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,28.22,10.593)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-225"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,34.08,10.593)"> <path d="M686 28C612 35 607 44 591 112C563 234 541 360 519 489L489 666L457 658L147 121C100 40 89 36 24 28L17 0H240L250 28C168 34 159 41 190 101L262 237H482C495 180 503 137 510 91C517 47 514 35 441 28L433 0H677L686 28ZM475 280H285L429 541H431L475 280Z" id="g113-66"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,42.95,10.593)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-88"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,58.53,10.593)"> <use xlink:href="#g117-36"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,69.07,10.593)"> <path d="M332 -241C217 -138 149 60 149 271C149 483 216 680 332 783L312 808C148 686 74 491 74 272V271C74 50 148 -146 312 -266L332 -241Z" id="g119-5"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,74.09,10.593)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-50"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,83.24,10.593)"> <use xlink:href="#g117-33"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,93.77,10.593)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-225"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,100.29,10.593)"> <path d="M311 271V272C311 491 237 686 73 808L53 783C169 680 236 483 236 271C236 60 168 -138 53 -241L73 -266C237 -146 311 50 311 271Z" id="g119-6"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,107.56,10.593)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-70"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,115.57,10.593)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-88"></use> </g> </g> </svg> <svg class="alt_equation" height="14.5707pt" id="I58" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 128.24 14.5707" width="128.24pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <use transform="matrix(1 0 0 1 0 0)" xlink:href="#B58-1"></use> </svg></span></span><span class="right_break" id="R58"> <svg class="label" height="11.44pt" id="M58-2" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 15.168 11.44" width="15.168pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g id="B58-2"> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,9.26)"> <use xlink:href="#g190-41"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,4.5,9.26)"> <path d="M246 635C138 635 67 554 67 471C67 401 116 348 178 315C143 296 103 268 87 252C65 231 42 203 42 157C42 50 128 -12 234 -12C319 -12 432 52 432 169C432 256 370 303 299 344C347 376 373 399 381 408C399 430 408 459 408 487C408 569 341 635 246 635ZM235 603C284 603 334 567 334 483C334 420 306 383 273 358C202 393 142 427 142 503C142 552 173 603 235 603ZM245 21C179 21 122 70 122 163C122 219 155 270 204 300C279 263 352 219 352 144C352 66 308 21 245 21Z" id="g190-152"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,10.67,9.26)"> <use xlink:href="#g190-42"></use> </g> </g> </svg> <svg class="alt_label" height="14.5707pt" id="IL58" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 15.23 14.5707" width="15.23pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <use transform="matrix(1 0 0 1 0 1.35)" xlink:href="#B58-2"></use> </svg></span></span></span></span></span></p> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig12"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig12"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(一)我”name="6421717.fig.0012a" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/wcmc/volume-2018/6421717/figures/6421717.fig.0012a.svgz"> <br> <strong>(一)我</strong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(b) II”name="6421717.fig.0012b" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/wcmc/volume-2018/6421717/figures/6421717.fig.0012b.svgz"> <br> <strong>(b) II</strong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(c)例III”name="6421717.fig.0012c" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/wcmc/volume-2018/6421717/figures/6421717.fig.0012c.svgz"> <br> <strong>(c)例III</strong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs fig-thumbs-fig12"> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(a) Case I"><img alt="(一)我”name="6421717.fig.0012a" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/wcmc/volume-2018/6421717/figures/6421717.fig.0012a.svgz"><br><strong>(一)我</strong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(b) Case II"><img alt="(b) II”name="6421717.fig.0012b" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/wcmc/volume-2018/6421717/figures/6421717.fig.0012b.svgz"><br><strong>(b) II</strong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(c) Case III"><img alt="(c)例III”name="6421717.fig.0012c" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/wcmc/volume-2018/6421717/figures/6421717.fig.0012c.svgz"><br><strong>(c)例III</strong></button> </div> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev fig-nav-fig12"> <button class="carousel-prev" aria-label="Previous"></button> <button class="carousel-next" aria-label="Next"></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图12</span> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/wcmc/2018/6421717/fig12/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <div> 例如:道路的决心。</div> </div> </div> </div> <p>一次<我>LS</我>决定,一个特定的SN和最大可以选择父吗<我>LS</我>。</p> <p>图<a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/wcmc/2018/6421717/fig12/" target="_blank">12</a>显示了一个示例路径的决心与不同的情况。在这里,我们只显示20 SN的方式选择一个路径给邻居表。图<a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/wcmc/2018/6421717/fig12/" target="_blank">12(一个)</a>显示我;这里,跳数可以确定最低20 2 7 17 13→→→→→水槽节点。然而,在第二种情况下,图<a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/wcmc/2018/6421717/fig12/" target="_blank">12 (b)</a>显示了不同路径选择(20 17 9 13 14→→→→→→4水槽节点)和一个额外的体重(EW)(见表<a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/wcmc/2018/6421717/tab9/" target="_blank">9</a>)。我们选择最大的电子战路径。图<a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/wcmc/2018/6421717/fig12/" target="_blank">12 (c)</a>显示了不同的道路(20 11 16 12→→→→6→1→水槽节点),而选择<我>LS</我>(AW和电子战)(见表<a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/wcmc/2018/6421717/tab10/" target="_blank">10</a>)。注意,LS的决心后,SNs的LSs 16日17日和19日0.875,0.8,和0.835,分别。因此,SN 16的母公司SN 20。</p> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="tab9"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-tab9"> <table class="fixed-width table-group" id="tab9"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <table class="table"> <colgroup> <col style="width:4.89em"> <col style="width:6.00em"> <col style="width:6.77em"> </colgroup> <tbody> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="3"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr class="thead"> <td class="align_left"><b>节点ID</b></td> <td class="align_center"><b>跳数</b></td> <td class="align_center"><b>电子战(重量)</b></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="3"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="align_left">16</td> <td class="align_center">4</td> <td class="align_center">0.89</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="align_left">17</td> <td class="align_center">4</td> <td class="align_center">0.65</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="align_left">19</td> <td class="align_center">5</td> <td class="align_center">0.83</td> </tr> <tr class="table-tr"> <td colspan="3"> <hr class="tbody-hr"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">表9</span> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/wcmc/2018/6421717/tab9/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <div> 例子:邻居表与电子战SN 20。</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="tab10"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-tab10"> <table class="fixed-width table-group" id="tab10"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <table class="table"> <colgroup> <col style="width:4.89em"> <col style="width:6.00em"> <col style="width:6.77em"> <col style="width:6.80em"> </colgroup> <tbody> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="4"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr class="thead"> <td class="align_left"><b>节点ID</b></td> <td class="align_center"><b>跳数</b></td> <td class="align_center"><b>电子战(重量)</b></td> <td class="align_center"><b>亚历山大-伍尔兹(重量)</b></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="4"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="align_left">16</td> <td class="align_center">4</td> <td class="align_center">0.89</td> <td class="align_center">0.86</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="align_left">17</td> <td class="align_center">4</td> <td class="align_center">0.65</td> <td class="align_center">0.95</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="align_left">19</td> <td class="align_center">5</td> <td class="align_center">0.83</td> <td class="align_center">0.84</td> </tr> <tr class="table-tr"> <td colspan="4"> <hr class="tbody-hr"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">表10</span> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/wcmc/2018/6421717/tab10/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <div> 例子:邻居表SN 20和电子战啊。</div> </div> </div> </div> <h4 id="performance-evaluation">5。绩效评估</h4> <p>确认性能优越的,我们评估其性能相比,三种最先进的方法:HTAP [<a href="#B21">21</a>],DAIPaS [<a href="#B22">22</a>],CCEbH [<a href="#B23">23</a>),包括传统的特设路由,AODV [<a href="#B31">31日</a>]。此外,我们评估我们的设计标准决定三种可能的路径,包括三种情况:自上而下的分层结构,助力路由重量和拥塞控制和预测(有或没有蝙蝠调优)。</p> <h5 id="sec5.1">5.1。实验设计</h5> <p>我们的算法是使用网络仿真模拟(NS2) 2.35版本与延长WSN (<a href="#B41">41</a>,<a href="#B42">42</a>]。我们模拟FLS的使用八度4.2。我们的实验是一个Ubuntu 14.04 LTS。SNs是随机部署在一个地形区域<svg height="8.68572pt" id="M59" style="vertical-align:-0.0498209pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 9.2729 8.68572" width="9.2729pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-66"></use> </g> </svg>200 m×200 m的维度。一旦部署,没有流动性。传感器节点的数量是100,与50米的通信范围(见一个例子如图<a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/wcmc/2018/6421717/fig13/" target="_blank">13</a>)。注意所选参数的规范MicaZ [<a href="#B30">30.</a>],HTAP [<a href="#B21">21</a>],DAIPaS [<a href="#B22">22</a>],CCEbH [<a href="#B23">23</a>]。</p> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig13"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig13"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="6421717.fig.0013" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/wcmc/volume-2018/6421717/figures/6421717.fig.0013.svgz"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图13</span> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/wcmc/2018/6421717/fig13/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <div> 节点分布。</div> </div> </div> </div> <p>评估方法的效率,实验稀疏和致密的网络事件的数量(流量),即、10%和20%,其中每个是从32 Kbps到224 Kbps(步长为32 Kbps)。最初的能量是10 J [<a href="#B21">21</a>- - - - - -<a href="#B23">23</a>]。仿真是在300秒和10试验,并计算平均结果。列出了参数值表<a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/wcmc/2018/6421717/tab11/" target="_blank">11</a>。</p> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="tab11"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-tab11"> <table class="fixed-width table-group" id="tab11"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <table class="table"> <colgroup> <col style="width:10.06em"> <col style="width:6.55em"> </colgroup> <tbody> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="2"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr class="thead"> <td class="align_left"><b>参数</b></td> <td class="align_center"><b>价值</b></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="2"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="align_left">传感器节点(尘埃)</td> <td class="align_center">Micaz</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="align_left">初始能量</td> <td class="align_center">10 j</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="align_left">传播范围</td> <td class="align_center">50米</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="align_left">最大带宽</td> <td class="align_center">250 Kbps</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="align_left">水槽节点数量</td> <td class="align_center">1</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="align_left">SNs数量</td> <td class="align_center">One hundred.</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="align_left">事件率</td> <td class="align_center">10%和20%</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="align_left">链路层</td> <td class="align_center">CSMA / CA</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="align_left">传播模型</td> <td class="align_center">自由空间</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="align_left">天线</td> <td class="align_center">泛光灯</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="align_left">接口队列</td> <td class="align_center">Droptail</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="align_left">数据包大小</td> <td class="align_center">128个字节</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="align_left">队列的大小</td> <td class="align_center">100包</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="align_left">区域</td> <td class="align_center">200米<sup>2</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="align_left">仿真时间</td> <td class="align_center">300秒</td> </tr> <tr class="table-tr"> <td colspan="2"> <hr class="tbody-hr"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">表11</span> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/wcmc/2018/6421717/tab11/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <div> 仿真参数。</div> </div> </div> </div> <p>我们也表现的集约评价可能的γ(0,1)在两个事件的最优使用利率和发现,在10%和20%,0.48和0.62事件率可以超越,即。、147和124 Kbps(见图<a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/wcmc/2018/6421717/fig14/" target="_blank">14</a>),我们使用这些发现进一步评估。</p> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig14"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig14"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="6421717.fig.0014" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/wcmc/volume-2018/6421717/figures/6421717.fig.0014.svgz"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图14</span> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/wcmc/2018/6421717/fig14/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <div> 平均吞吐量<span class="nowrap"> <svg height="9.39034pt" id="M60" style="vertical-align:-3.42943pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -5.96091 6.63704 9.39034" width="6.63704pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"> <path d="M478 372C478 418 458 448 431 448C409 448 389 431 389 410C389 404 391 400 394 395C398 388 406 371 406 348C406 253 308 122 251 51H249C254 122 249 257 231 336C212 421 189 448 159 448C126 448 75 412 23 327L48 306C83 354 103 371 115 371C125 371 134 360 144 334C185 224 192 64 183 -19C146 -100 116 -202 110 -244L125 -261C154 -259 208 -234 222 -220C222 -194 225 -84 235 -23C247 -3 273 36 308 79C379 165 478 288 478 372Z" id="g113-225"></path> </g> </svg>。</span> </div> </div> </div> </div> <p>出于比较目的与<a href="#B21">21</a>- - - - - -<a href="#B23">23</a>),绩效评估中使用的三个主要指标,即平均吞吐量在水槽(ATS),包交货率(PDR)和平均剩余能量(是),定义如下:<span class="equation_break" id="EEq9"><span class="left_break" id="L61"></span><span class="middle_break"><span class="center_break" id="M61"> <svg height="114.16pt" id="M61-1" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 109.872 114.16" width="109.872pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g id="B61-1"> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,20.114)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-66"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,9.01,20.114)"> <path d="M620 675H597C578 656 570 650 541 650H144C112 650 104 653 94 675H72C59 618 42 552 23 493L53 491C71 534 88 564 105 585C124 608 144 615 238 615H290L197 121C182 40 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<use transform="matrix(1 0 0 1 0 8.84)" xlink:href="#B61-2"></use> <use transform="matrix(1 0 0 1 0 49.27)" xlink:href="#B61-4"></use> <use transform="matrix(1 0 0 1 0 91.58)" xlink:href="#B61-7"></use> </svg></span></span></p> <p>在哪里<我>Rx_sink</我><sub><i>我</我></sub>收到的流量吗<svg height="8.8423pt" id="M62" style="vertical-align:-0.2064009pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 3.66193 8.8423" width="3.66193pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-106"></use> </g> </svg>由水槽节点和th SN<svg height="13.3154pt" id="M63" style="vertical-align:-4.679501pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 30.8759 13.3154" width="30.8759pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-70"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,7.943,3.132)"> <use xlink:href="#g50-106"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,10.491,3.132)"> <use xlink:href="#g50-111"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,15.397,3.132)"> <use xlink:href="#g50-106"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,17.945,3.132)"> <use xlink:href="#g50-117"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,21.103,3.132)"> <use xlink:href="#g50-41"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,24.361,3.132)"> <use xlink:href="#g50-106"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,26.909,3.132)"> <use xlink:href="#g50-42"></use> </g> </svg>和<svg height="14.1694pt" id="M64" style="vertical-align:-5.533501pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 38.7404 14.1694" width="38.7404pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-70"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,7.943,3.132)"> <use xlink:href="#g50-118"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,12.966,3.132)"> <use xlink:href="#g50-116"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,16.598,3.132)"> <use xlink:href="#g50-98"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,21.277,3.132)"> <use xlink:href="#g189-104"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,25.113,3.132)"> <use xlink:href="#g50-102"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,28.954,3.132)"> <use xlink:href="#g50-41"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,32.211,3.132)"> <use xlink:href="#g50-106"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,34.76,3.132)"> <use xlink:href="#g50-42"></use> </g> </svg>最初的和使用的能量吗<svg height="8.8423pt" id="M65" style="vertical-align:-0.2064009pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 3.66193 8.8423" width="3.66193pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-106"></use> </g> </svg>分别th SN。</p> <p>有两个场景来证明我们的表现:(1)我们与实验设计评估的理由在我们三个动机道路的决心,我(自顶向下的层次结构,OFES-Case-I),案例二世(助力路由体重,OFES-Case-II)和案例III(拥塞控制和预测没有蝙蝠调优,OFES-Case-III-woBAT和OFES-Case-III-withBAT)。</p> <h5 id="sec5.2">5.2。仿真结果和讨论</h5> <p>对于第一个场景,我们的动机对路径确定的三个案例,人物<a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/wcmc/2018/6421717/fig15/" target="_blank">15</a>显示性能的ATS (Kbps)。一般来说,如图<a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/wcmc/2018/6421717/fig15/" target="_blank">(15日)</a>OFES-Case-III-withBAT,我们最终确定的,比它的三个派生(OFES-Case-III-woBAT、OFES-Case-II OFES-Case-I)因素的7.25%,21.61%,和24.10%,10%的事件(稀疏模式),分别;和13.28%,28.44%和39.31%,20%的事件(密集模式);尽管性能(吞吐量)不是在这样的秩序。没有拥挤在低流量,例如,32至64 Kbps稀疏模式和32 Kbps密集模式。</p> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig15"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig15"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(一)10%的事件”name="6421717.fig.0015a" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/wcmc/volume-2018/6421717/figures/6421717.fig.0015a.svgz"> <br> <strong>(一)10%的事件</strong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(b) 20%的事件”name="6421717.fig.0015b" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/wcmc/volume-2018/6421717/figures/6421717.fig.0015b.svgz"> <br> <strong>(b) 20%的事件</strong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs fig-thumbs-fig15"> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(a) 10% event"><img alt="(一)10%的事件”name="6421717.fig.0015a" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/wcmc/volume-2018/6421717/figures/6421717.fig.0015a.svgz"><br><strong>(一)10%的事件</strong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(b) 20% event"><img alt="(b) 20%的事件”name="6421717.fig.0015b" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/wcmc/volume-2018/6421717/figures/6421717.fig.0015b.svgz"><br><strong>(b) 20%的事件</strong></button> </div> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev fig-nav-fig15"> <button class="carousel-prev" aria-label="Previous"></button> <button class="carousel-next" aria-label="Next"></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图15</span> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/wcmc/2018/6421717/fig15/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <div> 平均吞吐量水槽节点在不同交通负荷。</div> </div> </div> </div> <p>PDR而言,图<a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/wcmc/2018/6421717/fig16/" target="_blank">16</a>美国胸科协会显示对应的结果;然而,结果是相反的:流量越高,PDR越低,例如,从100%提高到66%,59%,53%,52%,稀疏模式,48%,45%,41%,39%,密集模式,分别为4例。平均Case-III-withBAT,我们确定的是优越的衍生品。</p> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig16"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig16"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(一)10%的事件”name="6421717.fig.0016a" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/wcmc/volume-2018/6421717/figures/6421717.fig.0016a.svgz"> <br> <strong>(一)10%的事件</strong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(b) 20%的事件”name="6421717.fig.0016b" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/wcmc/volume-2018/6421717/figures/6421717.fig.0016b.svgz"> <br> <strong>(b) 20%的事件</strong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs fig-thumbs-fig16"> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(a) 10% event"><img alt="(一)10%的事件”name="6421717.fig.0016a" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/wcmc/volume-2018/6421717/figures/6421717.fig.0016a.svgz"><br><strong>(一)10%的事件</strong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(b) 20% event"><img alt="(b) 20%的事件”name="6421717.fig.0016b" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/wcmc/volume-2018/6421717/figures/6421717.fig.0016b.svgz"><br><strong>(b) 20%的事件</strong></button> </div> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev fig-nav-fig16"> <button class="carousel-prev" aria-label="Previous"></button> <button class="carousel-next" aria-label="Next"></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图16</span> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/wcmc/2018/6421717/fig16/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <div> 包交付率在不同交通负荷。</div> </div> </div> </div> <p>图<a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/wcmc/2018/6421717/fig17/" target="_blank">17</a>显示的是我们OFESs值。一般来说,有更多的流量,剩余的能量将减少。例如,从32 Kbps到224 Kbps,流量减少的能量从94%提高到53%,91%,45%,89%,37%,和在稀疏模式下85%到32%和86%到27%,82%,20%,80%,16%,和79%到11%在密集的模式。我们完成的(OFES-Case-III-withBAT)优越,它优于其他三个衍生品10.83%,23.61%,41.39%,稀疏模式和13.31%,32.91%和55.37%在浓密的模式。</p> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig17"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig17"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(一)10%的事件”name="6421717.fig.0017a" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/wcmc/volume-2018/6421717/figures/6421717.fig.0017a.svgz"> <br> <strong>(一)10%的事件</strong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(b) 20%的事件”name="6421717.fig.0017b" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/wcmc/volume-2018/6421717/figures/6421717.fig.0017b.svgz"> <br> <strong>(b) 20%的事件</strong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs fig-thumbs-fig17"> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(a) 10% event"><img alt="(一)10%的事件”name="6421717.fig.0017a" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/wcmc/volume-2018/6421717/figures/6421717.fig.0017a.svgz"><br><strong>(一)10%的事件</strong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(b) 20% event"><img alt="(b) 20%的事件”name="6421717.fig.0017b" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/wcmc/volume-2018/6421717/figures/6421717.fig.0017b.svgz"><br><strong>(b) 20%的事件</strong></button> </div> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev fig-nav-fig17"> <button class="carousel-prev" aria-label="Previous"></button> <button class="carousel-next" aria-label="Next"></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图17</span> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/wcmc/2018/6421717/fig17/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <div> 平均剩余能量在不同交通负荷OFESs (OFES-Case-I, OFES-Case-II、OFES-CaseIII-woBAT OFES-Case-III-withBAT)。</div> </div> </div> </div> <p>对于第二个场景,与最近的网络拥塞控制算法相比,数字<a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/wcmc/2018/6421717/fig18/" target="_blank">18</a>显示性能的ATS (Kbps)。一般来说,交通事件的增加,平均吞吐量减少由于网络拥塞,例如,从32 Kbps到147年,133年,126年,119年和92 Kbps,事件(稀疏模式),10%为的(又名OFES-Case-III-withBAT), CCEbH, DAIPaS, HTAP, AODV,分别;从32 Kbps到118年、98年、91年、83年和66 Kbps, 20%的事件(密集模式)。</p> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig18"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig18"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(一)10%的事件”name="6421717.fig.0018a" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/wcmc/volume-2018/6421717/figures/6421717.fig.0018a.svgz"> <br> <strong>(一)10%的事件</strong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(b) 20%的事件”name="6421717.fig.0018b" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/wcmc/volume-2018/6421717/figures/6421717.fig.0018b.svgz"> <br> <strong>(b) 20%的事件</strong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs fig-thumbs-fig18"> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(a) 10% event"><img alt="(一)10%的事件”name="6421717.fig.0018a" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/wcmc/volume-2018/6421717/figures/6421717.fig.0018a.svgz"><br><strong>(一)10%的事件</strong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(b) 20% event"><img alt="(b) 20%的事件”name="6421717.fig.0018b" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/wcmc/volume-2018/6421717/figures/6421717.fig.0018b.svgz"><br><strong>(b) 20%的事件</strong></button> </div> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev fig-nav-fig18"> <button class="carousel-prev" aria-label="Previous"></button> <button class="carousel-next" aria-label="Next"></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图18</span> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/wcmc/2018/6421717/fig18/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <div> 平均吞吐量水槽节点在不同交通负荷。</div> </div> </div> </div> <p>一般来说,我们提出的方法优于其他四个因素考虑方法的8.32%,14.37%,20.18%,比其他人高50.10%。注意,较低的流量,即。,32和64 Kbps, there is no congestion involved, so there is no loss (ATS is the same as the event traffic); however, with high traffic, the loss becomes obvious (low ATS on average). In dense mode, for 20% events, the ATS was similar despite the increased congestion. Thus, ATS tends to be lower in the dense mode than in the sparse mode. However, OFES is still superior, in particular, at 160 Kbps with ATS = 123 Kbps, and, on average, it outperforms the other four methods by 11.22%, 18.19%, 24.04%, and 54.70%. Again, note that there is no congestion at 32 Kbps traffic.</p> <p>PDR而言,图<a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/wcmc/2018/6421717/fig19/" target="_blank">19</a>显示了相应结果at但相反的方向:交通事件的增加,PDR倾向于减少由于网络拥塞,例如,从100%降至约66%,57%,54%,51%,和40%,10%的事件;和48%,40%,36%,33%,28%,20%的事件,CCEbH, DAIPaS, HTAP,分别和AODV。的平均又比其他方法。再次,网络变得拥挤大约在64 Kbps事件的10%。同样,在密集的方式,事件的数量是20%,由于高拥堵PDR变得更低。</p> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig19"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig19"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(一)10%的事件”name="6421717.fig.0019a" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/wcmc/volume-2018/6421717/figures/6421717.fig.0019a.svgz"> <br> <strong>(一)10%的事件</strong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(b) 20%的事件”name="6421717.fig.0019b" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/wcmc/volume-2018/6421717/figures/6421717.fig.0019b.svgz"> <br> <strong>(b) 20%的事件</strong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs fig-thumbs-fig19"> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(a) 10% event"><img alt="(一)10%的事件”name="6421717.fig.0019a" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/wcmc/volume-2018/6421717/figures/6421717.fig.0019a.svgz"><br><strong>(一)10%的事件</strong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(b) 20% event"><img alt="(b) 20%的事件”name="6421717.fig.0019b" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/wcmc/volume-2018/6421717/figures/6421717.fig.0019b.svgz"><br><strong>(b) 20%的事件</strong></button> </div> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev fig-nav-fig19"> <button class="carousel-prev" aria-label="Previous"></button> <button class="carousel-next" aria-label="Next"></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图19</span> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/wcmc/2018/6421717/fig19/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <div> 包交付率在不同交通负荷。</div> </div> </div> </div> <p>图<a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/wcmc/2018/6421717/fig20/" target="_blank">20.</a>显示值的三个协议。一般来说,如图<a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/wcmc/2018/6421717/fig20/" target="_blank">20(一个)</a>更多的流量,剩余的能量将减少,例如,从32 Kbps到224 Kbps:从94%提高到53%,89%,42%,87%,39%,86%,34%,和69%到27%。剩余的优越,和整体能量高。图<a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/wcmc/2018/6421717/fig20/" target="_blank">20 (b)</a>也为密集模式显示了结果。的仍然是上级和优于CCEbH、DAIPaS HTAP,和AODV 13.62%, 22.56%, 30.55%,和62.48%,分别为(20.81%、42.37%、59.58和82.27%密集模式)。</p> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig20"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig20"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(一)10%的事件”name="6421717.fig.0020a" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/wcmc/volume-2018/6421717/figures/6421717.fig.0020a.svgz"> <br> <strong>(一)10%的事件</strong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(b) 20%的事件”name="6421717.fig.0020b" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/wcmc/volume-2018/6421717/figures/6421717.fig.0020b.svgz"> <br> <strong>(b) 20%的事件</strong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs fig-thumbs-fig20"> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(a) 10% event"><img alt="(一)10%的事件”name="6421717.fig.0020a" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/wcmc/volume-2018/6421717/figures/6421717.fig.0020a.svgz"><br><strong>(一)10%的事件</strong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(b) 20% event"><img alt="(b) 20%的事件”name="6421717.fig.0020b" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/wcmc/volume-2018/6421717/figures/6421717.fig.0020b.svgz"><br><strong>(b) 20%的事件</strong></button> </div> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev fig-nav-fig20"> <button class="carousel-prev" aria-label="Previous"></button> <button class="carousel-next" aria-label="Next"></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图20</span> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/wcmc/2018/6421717/fig20/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <div> 平均剩余能量在不同的交通负荷,CCEbH, DAIPaS, HTAP和AODV。</div> </div> </div> </div> <h4 id="conclusion-and-future-work">6。结论和未来的工作</h4> <p>在这个研究中,我们提出一个路径确定了网络架构,考虑网络拥堵,叫做优化模糊基于逻辑的网络拥塞控制方案与指数平滑法预测(的)。灵活使用,三个主要路径确定方法可以应用基于可用的资源和信息:(1)简化分级分层树路径建设(使用跳数到找到一个路径),(2)一个更复杂的路径确定方法,利用已知信息,如跳数和剩余能量,和(3)解析器的道路拥堵预测,利用指数平滑法和两个因素,如缓冲区占用和转发率。我们还应用FLS的最后一个方法来确定一个可调节重量除了重量优化利用蝙蝠优化隶属函数。</p> <p>来证明我们的动力的路径确定和评估的的性能,我们首先比较与其他三个的情况下,即,Case I (Top-Down Hierarchical Structure), Case II (Energy-Assisted Routing Weight), and Case III (Congestion Control and Prediction with and without BAT tuning). The results justify our design such that our finalized OFES (Case III with BAT tuning) is superior. Then, we compared the OFES with the three recently proposed methods that include the traditional ad hoc routing, namely, CCEbH, DAIPaS, HTAP, and AODV in terms of throughput, packet loss, and energy consumption. Through simulation experiments, we showed that OFES is superior in terms of all metrics, followed by CCEbH, DAIPaS, HTAP, and AODV.</p> <p>例如,的表现优于其他四个方法因素的9.77%,16.28%,22.11%,和52.4%,分别用平均吞吐量和包交货率;和因素的17.21%、32.46%、45.06%和72.37%,分别用平均剩余能量。注意,尽管的很高的性能,限制和注意事项进一步调查依然存在,如数据传输的高容量。在未来的工作中,可以进行综合模拟和分析调查属性如网络密度和多样性,网络维度,流动性,各种信号传播模型,网络故障概率,和异构数据流量,包括物理设备实现。</p> <h4 id="data-availability">数据可用性</h4> <p>没有数据被用来支持本研究。</p> <h4 id="conflicts-of-interest">的利益冲突</h4> <p>作者宣称没有利益冲突有关出版的手稿。</p> <h4 id="acknowledgments">确认</h4> <p>这项工作是研究基金的赠款支持支持教师承认高潜力的学生在他们的学习和研究专家从研究生院计划2017年,泰国孔敬大学(批准号601 t213),部分支持的泰国研究基金会(基金会)批准号RTA6080013。</p> </div> <div class="xml-content"> <h4 class="references" id="references">引用</h4> <ol> <li id="B1">Gartner。新闻稿,Gartner说84亿连接的“东西”将在2017年使用,从2016年开始,2017年增长31%。<a target="_blank" href="http://www.gartner.com/newsroom/id/3598917">http://www.gartner.com/newsroom/id/3598917</a>。<span class="reflinks"></span></li> <li id="B2">英特尔。物联网信息图表的一个指南,2017年。<a target="_blank" href="https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/internet-of-things/infographics/guide-to-iot.html">https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/internet-of-things/infographics/guide-to-iot.html</a>。<span class="reflinks"></span></li> <li id="B3">ABI研究中,“大数据和分析在物联网和M2M, 2016年,“<a target="_blank" href="https://www.abiresearch.com/market-research/product/1024282-big-data-and-analytics-in-iot-and-m2m/">https://www.abiresearch.com/market-research/product/1024282-big-data-and-analytics-in-iot-and-m2m/</a>。<span class="reflinks">视图:<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Big%20Data%20and%20Analytics%20in%20IoT%20and%20M2M,%202016&author=ABI Research" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</a></span></li> <li id="B4">汗,f . 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height="24"><span class="text">下载引用</span></span><span class="sc-htoDjs bqeMOy sc-jzgbtB bcxtxQ fileArrow icon-colored _3P4iUn1NDM5G77nWCamJ4l icon-themeable" title="" font-size="20"></span></a> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-gFaPwZ hoOvRq sc-iFMziU bGHCWJ ref_desktop" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/wcmc/2018/6421717.ris" aria-label="" target="" id="toolbar__dcNavSmall"><span><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl sc-fhYwyz ieulRf" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="24"><span class="text">引用</span></span><span class="sc-htoDjs bqeMOy sc-jzgbtB bcxtxQ fileArrow icon-colored _3P4iUn1NDM5G77nWCamJ4l icon-themeable" title="" font-size="20"></span></a> </div> </div> <div class="journal_article__ArticleStickyBottomToolbar-sc-12fk6zy-1 isgRZA article_sticky_bottom_toolbar"> <div class="sc-drKuOJ cBpQvD article_bottom_toolbar"> <div class="sc-gRnDUn cZpOzA accordion" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8" id="toolbar__dofNav"> <span><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl sc-cHSUfg prPtb" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="24"><span class="sc-cugefK gzkcXu">下载其他格式</span><span class="sc-fnwBNb iaVowO">更多的</span></span> <span class="sc-htoDjs bMdQcY sc-cTjmhe jIQcJs icon-colored _1CwL9R82TPl2HxDleeYGDR icon-themeable" title="" font-size="11"></span> </div> <div class="sc-cmjSyW cpuiKr"> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-sdtwF hnolyX open_panel" href="//www.newsama.com/downloads/journals/wcmc/2018/6421717.epub" aria-label="ePub" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"> <div class="sc-iYUSvU jmLwpf"> ePub</div><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl sc-cHSUfg prPtb" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="24"></a> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-sdtwF hnolyX open_panel" href="//www.newsama.com/downloads/journals/wcmc/2018/6421717.xml" aria-label="XML" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"> <div class="sc-iYUSvU jmLwpf"> XML</div><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl sc-cHSUfg prPtb" title="" role="presentation" 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height="24"><span class="sc-cugefK gzkcXu">订单打印副本</span><span class="sc-fnwBNb iaVowO">订单</span></span><span class="sc-htoDjs kNoiZu sc-cTjmhe jIQcJs right__icon icon-colored _32KP5uexH-Bgs7Kj8Gk1Tz icon-themeable" title="" font-size="16"></span></a> <div class="sc-cBdUnI blbVzE"> <div class="sc-exkUMo bzUZma"> <div> 的观点<span>1674年</span> </div> <div> 下载<span>696年</span> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sc-kcDeIU eatOFG"> <span class="__dimensions_badge_embed__" data-doi="10.1155/2018/6421717" data-style="small_circle"></span>引用</div> </div> </div> <nav class="sc-Rmtcm hZsedb sc-iNhVCk gOltjj" id="toolbar__iconNav"> <h3 class="sc-csuQGl idXHYp">分享文章</h3> <ul class="sc-bRBYWo keayzM"> <li class="iconBorder"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link" href="https://twitter.com/share?url=https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/6421717&via=Hindawi" aria-label="Sharing on Twitter" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl socialTwitter" title="" role="presentation" 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href="//www.newsama.com/publishing-partnerships/" aria-label="Partnerships"><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje fknadA" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" 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href="//www.newsama.com/journals/" aria-label="Journals"><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje fknadA" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="14">期刊</a></li> <li><a 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src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="14">文章处理费用</a></li> <li><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link print_editions" href="//www.newsama.com/print-editions/" aria-label="Print editions"><img 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src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="14">作者</a></li> <li><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link editors" href="//www.newsama.com/publish-research/editors/" aria-label="Editors"><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje fknadA" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="14">编辑器</a></li> <li><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link reviewers" 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