生物电控制的5种真菌病原体经济植物幼苗立枯病疾病的托儿所</t我tle> <link rel="preload stylesheet" as="style" type="text/css" href="https://cdn.bibblio.org/rcm/4.28.0/bib-related-content.min.css"> <link rel="preload" href="https://static.hindawi.com/new/next_assets/2023-08-03-0017a694320dbe69a559e8120be98c/_next/static/css/b2661f2cd4bd618b.css" as="style"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://static.hindawi.com/new/next_assets/2023-08-03-0017a694320dbe69a559e8120be98c/_next/static/css/b2661f2cd4bd618b.css" data-n-g=""> <style id="__jsx-903e4b2e5d3241e4">div#__next{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-moz-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;min-height:100vh;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;-webkit-box-direction:normal;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-moz-box-orient:vertical;-moz-box-direction:normal;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column}</style> </head> <body> <div id="__next"> <section class="ant-layout"> <div> <header class="ant-layout-header"> <div class="header__width-wrapper"> <div 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href="#copyright">版权</一个><一个class="TableOfContents_tableOfContents__item__JJil1" href="#related-articles">相关文章</一个></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ant-col ThreeColumnLayout_middleColumn__sbd41"> <div class="ArticleMiddleSection_articleMiddleSection__gAv9z"> <div class="articleHeader"> <div class="articleHeader__specialIssue"> <span class="articleHeader__specialIssue_tag">特殊的问题</gydF4y2Baspan> <h2 class="articleHeader__specialIssue_title">选择国际会议论文生物农药6 (ICOB6)</h2><一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/psyche/si/352063/" class="articleHeader__specialIssue_url" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">把这个特殊的问题</一个></div> <strong>研究文章|<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->开放获取</gydF4y2Bastrong> <div class="articleHeader__meta"> <span>体积<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->2012年<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->|</gydF4y2Baspan> <span>文章的ID<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->324317年<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->|</gydF4y2Baspan> <span class="articleHeader__meta_doiLink"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/324317" aria-label="Doi-link" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/324317</一个></span> </div> <div class="simpleShowMore"> <button class="simpleShowMore__button">显示引用</bgydF4y2Bautton> </div> <h1 class="articleHeader__title">生物电控制的<我>5种</我>、真菌病原体经济植物幼苗立枯病疾病的托儿所</h1><gydF4y2Badiv class="articleHeader__authors"> <span class="articleHeader__authors_author">b . Loliam<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<gydF4y2Basup>1</gydF4y2Basup></span> <span class="articleHeader__authors_author">森永t .<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<gydF4y2Basup>2</gydF4y2Basup></span> <span class="articleHeader__authors_author">和<gydF4y2Bastrong>美国Chaiyanan</gydF4y2Bastrong><a href="//www.newsama.com/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection" aria-label="Mail Option"><span role="img" class="anticon"> <svg version="1.0" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em" viewbox="0 0 1401 1101"> <path fill="#6ba439" d="M132.5 2.1C101.4 6 71.1 20.5 48.3 42.4c-22.7 21.7-37.5 48.3-44.6 80l-2.2 10.1v837l2.2 10.1c6.7 30 19.3 53.9 39.8 75.3 23.3 24.3 56.4 40.9 90 45 12.8 1.6 1122.2 1.6 1135 0 38.9-4.8 75.9-25.6 100-56.4 15-19.3 24.2-39 29.8-63.9l2.2-10.1v-837l-2.2-10.1c-7.1-31.8-21.9-58.3-44.6-80.1-20.2-19.2-43.9-31.7-73.6-38.5l-9.6-2.3L705 1.4c-321.9-.1-568.5.2-572.5.7zm1123.4 99.5c1.7.4 3.1 1 3.1 1.4 0 .5-125.6 87.7-279 194L700.9 490.2 422 297C268.5 190.7 143 103.4 143 103c0-.5 1-1.1 2.3-1.3 3.5-.7 1107.1-.8 1110.6-.1zM401 404c164.4 113.8 299.4 207 300 207 .6 0 135.6-93.2 300.1-207 164.5-113.9 299.3-207 299.5-207 .2 0 .4 170.9.4 379.7 0 417.9.5 386-6.1 398.3-6.2 11.6-19 21.4-31.9 24.4-5.8 1.4-67.4 1.6-562 1.6s-556.2-.2-562-1.6c-12.9-3-25.7-12.8-31.9-24.4-6.6-12.3-6.1 19.6-6.1-398.3 0-208.8.2-379.7.5-379.7S236.6 290.1 401 404z"></path> </svg></span></a><sup>1</gydF4y2Basup></span> </div> <div class="simpleShowMore"> <button class="simpleShowMore__button">显示更多</bgydF4y2Bautton> </div> <div class="articleHeader__academicEditor"> <strong>学术编辑器:</gydF4y2Bastrong> <span>Kabkaew Sukontason</gydF4y2Baspan> </div> <div class="articleHeader__timeline"> <div class="articleHeader__timeline_item "> <strong>收到了</gydF4y2Bastrong> <span>2012年5月30日</gydF4y2Baspan> </div> <div class="articleHeader__timeline_item "> <strong>接受</gydF4y2Bastrong> <span>2012年7月24日</gydF4y2Baspan> </div> <div class="articleHeader__timeline_item articleHeader__timeline_item_sticky"> <strong>发表</gydF4y2Bastrong> <span>2012年8月27日</gydF4y2Baspan> </div> </div> </div> <div class="articleBody"> <div class="xml-content"> <h4 class="header" id="abstract">文摘</h4><p>gydF4y2Ba本研究旨在控制植物幼苗立枯病疾病通过对致病真菌的拮抗放线菌。<我>5种</我>从受感染的孤立的番茄幼苗获得从经济植物苗圃Amphoe Pak庄,那空Ratchasima省,泰国。的chitinolytic<我>链霉菌属rubrolavendulae</我>年代4,格罗夫的白蚁隔绝Amphoe Si-Sawat,北碧府,泰国,被证明是最有效的真菌病原体的生长抑制马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂上测试过。番茄和辣椒幼苗与敌对的殖民地<我>美国rubrolavendulae</我>年代4是生长在<我>p。5</gydF4y2Ba我>人工接种泥炭苔藓。9 noninfested幼苗的真菌污染的泥炭藓与未接种泥煤苔比控制。在<我>p。5</gydF4y2Ba我>受污染的泥煤苔,番茄和辣椒幼苗的存活百分比显著增加(<gydF4y2Basvg height="11.25" id="M1" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt;width:56.150002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 56.150002 11.25" width="56.150002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.25)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.890113" y="0"> <</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.930502" y="0"> 0</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.182001" y="0"> 。</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.307751" y="0"> 0</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.559254" y="0"> 5</tgydF4y2Baspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>从51.42到88.57和34.10到76.71<我>美国rubrolavendulae</我>年代4治疗,分别。的<我>美国rubrolavendulae</我>年代4还显示高效杀菌剂,甲霜灵无显著差异(<gydF4y2Basvg height="11.25" id="M2" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt;width:56.150002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 56.150002 11.25" width="56.150002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.25)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.890113" y="0"> ></tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.930502" y="0"> 0</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.182001" y="0"> 。</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.307751" y="0"> 0</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.559254" y="0"> 5</tgydF4y2Baspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)。这显然是证明<我>美国rubrolavendulae</我>年代4可以防止西红柿和辣椒幼苗立枯病疾病的经济植物苗圃。</p><gydF4y2Baspan class="end-abs"></span> <h4 id="introduction">1。介绍</h4><p>gydF4y2Ba在泰国蔬菜作物的价值在2009年估计为145.61亿泰铢左右,包括番茄和辣椒。这些经济作物的种植是通过使用可靠的苗木生产商。因此,经济植物苗圃业务一直在增加。疾病管理已成为一个主要关注在蔬菜的生产插头移植。幼苗立枯病疾病会导致经济植物苗圃的严重的问题。病因病原真菌在植物幼苗立枯病疾病的报道<我>腐霉属</我>spp。<我>疫霉</我>sp。<一个href="#B1">1</一个>,<gydF4y2Ba一个href="#B2">2</一个>),<gydF4y2Ba我>辣椒</我>(<gydF4y2Ba一个href="#B3">3</一个>),<gydF4y2Ba我>菌核rolfsii</我>(<gydF4y2Ba一个href="#B4">4</一个>),而<我>尖孢镰刀菌</我>(<gydF4y2Ba一个href="#B5">5</一个>]。<我>5种</我>是最臭名昭著的物种属造成预处理和苗期使用的腐烂和马铃薯和番茄晚疫病。此外,辣椒、西瓜、南瓜、柑橘、草莓、栗子、森林树木的影响<我>疫霉</我>物种如<我>p。c一个mbivora p . hibernalis p . citrophthora p . kernoviae p . capsici p过p . drechsleri</我>和<我>p。5</gydF4y2Ba我>(<gydF4y2Ba一个href="#B6">6</一个>- - - - - -<一个href="#B9">9</一个>]<gydF4y2Ba我>。</我>化学杀菌剂是目前广泛应用于农业和也会造成环境污染。如今,控制或预防疾病的方法是通过减少有害化学杀菌剂。生物电控制作为一种替代方法。与病原真菌和微生物同时一起成长产生酶或抑制真菌生长的有机化合物。生物防除与微生物杀菌剂在几个学术实验室正在调查。幼苗立枯病疾病发生在经济植物苗圃Amphoe Pak庄,那空Ratchasima省。在这项研究中,幼苗阻尼疾病的主要致病真菌病原体。的敌对chitinolytic<我>链霉菌属</我>对真菌病原体被尝试用于控制疾病在植物苗圃。</p><h4gydF4y2Baid="materials-and-methods">2。材料和方法</h4><h5gydF4y2Baid="sec2.1">2.1。植物病原真菌的分离和鉴定</h5><p>gydF4y2Ba获得的植物样本从经济植物苗圃。根和茎的番茄幼苗立枯病疾病症状是洗去除多余的泥煤苔。然后,出没的植物部分surface-sterilized使用5%的次氯酸v / v 30秒,与无菌水清洗,blot-dried无菌滤纸。植物碎片被切成0.5厘米的长度在被放置到马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂(PDA)。真菌菌丝和孢子的植物组织亚文化在另一个掌上电脑板和纯化。致病性真菌被确定基于菌落形态和特征的孢子囊和合子。</p><h5我d="sec2.2">2.2。拮抗放线菌</h5><p>gydF4y2Ba白蚁chitinolytic放线菌是孤立于格罗夫的Amphoe Si-Sawat,北碧府,泰国,用土壤稀释法。chitinolytic放线菌是初步分类<我>链霉菌属</我>sp.基于形态和生理特征(<一个href="#B10">10</一个>]。发现类似chitinolytic放线菌<我>链霉菌属rubrolavendulae</我>基于16 s rRNA分析。的<我>美国rubrolavendulae</我>年代4是维护在营养琼脂偏在30°C前3 - 5天做出新鲜的殖民地被用于下一个实验。</p><h5gydF4y2Baid="sec2.3">2.3。拮抗试验双重文化技术</h5><p>gydF4y2Ba的抗真菌活性<我>美国rubrolavendulae</我>年代4对幼苗立枯病真菌进行了测试在V8琼脂<一个href="#B11">11</一个>]在30°C使用双重文化技术。的分生孢子<我>美国rubrolavendulae</我>年代4被放置在V8琼脂板线。然后,板块在30°C 5天孵化允许生长和孢子形成的<我>美国rubrolavendulae</我>年代4之前接种致病性真菌的琼脂塞在板的中心。孵化后3 - 5天在30°C,致病性真菌的生长抑制<我>美国rubrolavendulae</我>年代4是调查。抑制发展的区域的大小<我>美国rubrolavendulae</我>年代4的测量对抗潜在的病原体。只有病原体被用作积极控制和实验三个复制每个实验重复三次。百分比增长抑制这个公式决定3天后孵化的斯基德莫尔(<一个href="#B12">12</一个>]:<gydF4y2Baspan class="equation" id="eq1"> <svg height="30.3375" id="M3" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 30.3375" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,30.3375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-47.73)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,64.29,56.53)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> T</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.6393328" y="0"> h</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.890833" y="0"> e</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.605663" y="0"> p</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.857164" y="0"> e</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.408497" y="0"> r</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.55949" y="0"> c</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.110825" y="0"> e</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="50.662155" y="0"> n</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="56.913654" y="0"> t</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="60.502018" y="0"> 一个</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="66.053352" y="0"> g</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="72.129807" y="0"> e</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="81.832138" y="0"> o</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="88.083633" y="0"> f</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="96.410629" y="0"> 我</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="99.886467" y="0"> n</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="106.13797" y="0"> h</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="112.38947" y="0"> 我</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="115.8653" y="0"> b</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="122.1168" y="0"> 我</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="125.59264" y="0"> t</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="129.06847" y="0"> 我</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="132.5443" y="0"> o</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="138.79581" y="0"> n</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="149.22331" y="0"> g</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="155.59984" y="0"> r</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="159.70082" y="0"> o</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="165.67725" y="0"> w</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="174.70442" y="0"> t</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="178.26778" y="0"> h</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="190.77077" y="0"> (</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="194.93428" y="0"> %</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="204.27402" y="0"> )</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="211.90085" y="0"> =</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="225.14999" y="-7.2600002"> </tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="237.17789" y="-7.2600002"> −</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="248.51811" y="-7.2600002"> </tgydF4y2Baspan> </text> <g> <path d="m 289.44,59.66 28.47,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,299.05,47.78)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.84" y="-8.75"> ×</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.605083" y="-8.75"> 1</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.856583" y="-8.75"> 0</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="46.108082" y="-8.75"> 0</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="52.359585" y="-8.75"> ,</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="175.07001" y="-8.96"> (</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="179.23351" y="-8.96"> 1</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="185.485" y="-8.96"> )</tgydF4y2Baspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span>在哪里<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.325" id="M4" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:11.6875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.6875 10.325" width="11.6875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tgydF4y2Baspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>代表控制病原体的半径和增长<gydF4y2Basvg height="7.0124998" id="M5" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:6.5px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 6.5 7.0124998" width="6.5" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.0125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-66.39)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tgydF4y2Baspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>病原体的半径对细菌拮抗物的增长。</p><h5gydF4y2Baid="sec2.4">2.4。在温室条件下抑制幼苗立枯病真菌</h5><p>gydF4y2Ba泥炭藓类在121°C灭菌15分钟15磅/<gydF4y2Basup>2</gydF4y2Basup>三次每隔24小时和用作种植材料研究。琼脂插头,来自边缘的年轻群致病性真菌<我>,</gydF4y2Ba我>人工接种到steam-pasteurized泥炭苔藓的速度50琼脂插头/ 250 g。<我>美国rubrolavendulae</我>年代4在营养肉汤培养1% w / v虾壳粉30°C 3天,用于植物保护实验。的<我>美国rubrolavendulae</我>年代4的泥炭藓细胞悬液接种到最终的浓度10<gydF4y2Basup>6</gydF4y2Basup>cfu / g。实验2×5的阶乘完全随机设计有三个复制。使用了两种幼苗:西红柿和辣椒。3套10幼苗生长在五种治疗种植材料:(1)人工真菌病原体感染,(2)人工真菌病原体感染但挑战<我>美国rubrolavendulae</我>年代4,(3)人工真菌病原体感染但杀菌剂处理,甲霜灵(Phyto-Q),<我>美国rubrolavendulae</我>年代4接种,(4)未经变质处理的种植材料控制。的百分比noninfested幼苗被确定。</p><h4gydF4y2Baid="results">3所示。结果</h4><h5gydF4y2Baid="sec3.1">3.1。猝倒病疾病的致病真菌植物幼苗的托儿所</h5><p>gydF4y2Ba主要植物病原真菌隔离受感染的番茄幼苗被确认<我>5种,</我>基于形态学的厚垣孢子和孢子囊产生游动孢子(<一个href="#B13">13</一个>]。这个隔离可以生长在PDA和生产白色,丰富地分支和无隔膜的菌丝无鼻中隔(图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/psyche/2012/324317/fig1/" target="_blank">1</一个>)。</p><gydF4y2Badiv class="partial-carousel-wrapper"> <div class="floats-partial-section"> <div class="floats-partial-content"> <div class="partial-carousel--full-image partial-carousel-9f5d081cee318372f9b971df6dd461ca"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="(一)gydF4y2Ba" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/psyche/volume-2012/324317/figures/324317.fig.001a.jpg"> <br> <strong>(一)</gydF4y2Bastrong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="(b)gydF4y2Ba" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/psyche/volume-2012/324317/figures/324317.fig.001b.jpg"> <br> <strong>(b)</gydF4y2Bastrong> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs"> <div class="partial-carousel-dots-9f5d081cee318372f9b971df6dd461ca partial-carousel-thumbnail"> <button aria-label="Slide to (a) " class="partial-carousel-dot"><img loading="lazy" alt="(一)gydF4y2Ba" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/psyche/volume-2012/324317/thumbnails/324317.fig.001a_th.jpg"><br><strong>(一)</gydF4y2Bastrong></button> <button aria-label="Slide to (b) " class="partial-carousel-dot"><img loading="lazy" alt="(b)gydF4y2Ba" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/psyche/volume-2012/324317/thumbnails/324317.fig.001b_th.jpg"><br><strong>(b)</gydF4y2Bastrong></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle--nav"> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev-9f5d081cee318372f9b971df6dd461ca partial-carousel-next-prev"> <button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-prev"></button> <button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-next"></button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图1</gydF4y2Baspan> <a aria-label="View full page" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/psyche/2012/324317/fig1/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td><i>5种</我>隔离受感染番茄幼苗(a)和生产白色,丰富地分支菌丝体(b)。</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> <p>前沿的菌丝插头被转移到培养皿中包含泥煤苔提取物,然后孵化在室温下连续40瓦荧光照明1 - 4天,amphigynous antheridia合子。孢子囊的柠檬形状观察(图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/psyche/2012/324317/fig2/" target="_blank">2</一个>),是一种semipapillae孢子囊和释放游动在潮湿泥煤苔或水。</p><gydF4y2Badiv class="partial-carousel-wrapper"> <div class="floats-partial-section"> <div class="floats-partial-content"> <div class="partial-carousel--full-image partial-carousel-c670723bc4fa307edf0d484248a169e5"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="(一)gydF4y2Ba" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/psyche/volume-2012/324317/figures/324317.fig.002a.jpg"> <br> <strong>(一)</gydF4y2Bastrong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="(b)gydF4y2Ba" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/psyche/volume-2012/324317/figures/324317.fig.002b.jpg"> <br> <strong>(b)</gydF4y2Bastrong> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs"> <div class="partial-carousel-dots-c670723bc4fa307edf0d484248a169e5 partial-carousel-thumbnail"> <button aria-label="Slide to (a) " class="partial-carousel-dot"><img loading="lazy" alt="(一)gydF4y2Ba" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/psyche/volume-2012/324317/thumbnails/324317.fig.002a_th.jpg"><br><strong>(一)</gydF4y2Bastrong></button> <button aria-label="Slide to (b) " class="partial-carousel-dot"><img loading="lazy" alt="(b)gydF4y2Ba" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/psyche/volume-2012/324317/thumbnails/324317.fig.002b_th.jpg"><br><strong>(b)</gydF4y2Bastrong></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle--nav"> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev-c670723bc4fa307edf0d484248a169e5 partial-carousel-next-prev"> <button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-prev"></button> <button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-next"></button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图2</gydF4y2Baspan> <a aria-label="View full page" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/psyche/2012/324317/fig2/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td><i>5种</我>(一)柠檬形状孢子囊,(b) amphigynous antheridia合子。</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> <h5 id="sec3.2">3.2。对抗性的活动<我>美国rubrolavendulae</我>年代4反对<我>p。5</gydF4y2Ba我></h5><p>双重培养法用于调查的敌对<我>美国rubrolavendulae</我>年代4表示,<我>美国rubrolavendulae</我>年代4是用作抑制菌丝拮抗微生物的增长<我>p。5</gydF4y2Ba我>在V8琼脂(图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/psyche/2012/324317/fig3/" target="_blank">3</一个>)。在室温下培养3天,之后的半径<我>p。5</gydF4y2Ba我>在控制面板和增长<我>p。5</gydF4y2Ba我>经济增长对<我>美国rubrolavendulae</我>年代4测量约4.5厘米和0.75厘米,分别。此外,径向的增长<我>p。5</gydF4y2Ba我>产生一个清晰区周围<我>美国rubrolavendulae</我>年代4增长表明真菌的抑制增长。因此,83.33%的增长抑制显然已经证明了<我>美国rubrolavendulae</我>年代4表现出良好的增长抑制病原真菌,<我>p。5</gydF4y2Ba我>。</p><gydF4y2Badiv class="partial-carousel-wrapper"> <div class="floats-partial-section"> <div class="floats-partial-content"> <div class="partial-carousel--full-image partial-carousel-5f6d7f2413a5f9cccc78b85cec595d6c"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="(一)gydF4y2Ba" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/psyche/volume-2012/324317/figures/324317.fig.003a.jpg"> <br> <strong>(一)</gydF4y2Bastrong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="(b)gydF4y2Ba" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/psyche/volume-2012/324317/figures/324317.fig.003b.jpg"> <br> <strong>(b)</gydF4y2Bastrong> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs"> <div class="partial-carousel-dots-5f6d7f2413a5f9cccc78b85cec595d6c partial-carousel-thumbnail"> <button aria-label="Slide to (a) " class="partial-carousel-dot"><img loading="lazy" alt="(一)gydF4y2Ba" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/psyche/volume-2012/324317/thumbnails/324317.fig.003a_th.jpg"><br><strong>(一)</gydF4y2Bastrong></button> <button aria-label="Slide to (b) " class="partial-carousel-dot"><img loading="lazy" alt="(b)gydF4y2Ba" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/psyche/volume-2012/324317/thumbnails/324317.fig.003b_th.jpg"><br><strong>(b)</gydF4y2Bastrong></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle--nav"> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev-5f6d7f2413a5f9cccc78b85cec595d6c partial-carousel-next-prev"> <button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-prev"></button> <button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-next"></button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图3</gydF4y2Baspan> <a aria-label="View full page" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/psyche/2012/324317/fig3/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td><i>在体外</我>之间的相互作用<我>美国rubrolavendulae</我>年代4,<gydF4y2Ba我>5种</我>在V8中。(一)控制盘<我>5种</我>;(b)<我>美国rubrolavendulae</我>年代4反对<我>5种</我>。</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> <h5 id="sec3.3">3.3。抑制番茄和辣椒幼苗立枯病由对抗疾病<我>美国rubrolavendulae</我>年代4</h5><p>ggydF4y2BaydF4y2Ba幼苗立枯病的生物抑制疾病的番茄和辣椒幼苗。<我>美国rubrolavendulae</我>年代4在虾壳肉汤培养的最佳条件下接种到讽刺泥炭苔藓。番茄和辣椒幼苗生长在泥炭苔藓和敌对的殖民地<我>美国rubrolavendulae</我>年代4,<gydF4y2Ba我>p。5</gydF4y2Ba我>。温室盆栽试验结果表明,<我>美国rubrolavendulae</我>年代4显著地抑制番茄和辣椒幼苗的根腐烂所致<我>p。5</gydF4y2Ba我>。9 noninfested幼苗的真菌污染的泥炭藓与未接种泥煤苔比控制。在<我>p。5</gydF4y2Ba我>受污染的泥煤苔,番茄和辣椒幼苗的存活百分比显著增加(<gydF4y2Basvg height="11.25" id="M6" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt;width:56.150002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 56.150002 11.25" width="56.150002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.25)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.890113" y="0"> <</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.930502" y="0"> 0</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.182001" y="0"> 。</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.307751" y="0"> 0</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.559254" y="0"> 5</tgydF4y2Baspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)从51.42到88.57和34.10到76.71 S4隔离治疗,分别(表<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/psyche/2012/324317/tab1/" target="_blank">1</一个>)。的<我>美国rubrolavendulae</我>年代4也显示出高效杀菌剂等价,甲霜灵无显著差异(<gydF4y2Basvg height="11.25" id="M7" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt;width:56.150002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 56.150002 11.25" width="56.150002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.25)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.890113" y="0"> ></tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.930502" y="0"> 0</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.182001" y="0"> 。</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.307751" y="0"> 0</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.559254" y="0"> 5</tgydF4y2Baspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)。这些植物看起来健康和治疗的比例增加健康的植物没有根腐烂。的症状<我>p。5</gydF4y2Ba我>从出没的幼苗分离确认真菌病原体的有效性。</p><gydF4y2Badiv class="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="tab1"> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">表1</gydF4y2Baspan> <a aria-label="View full page" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/psyche/2012/324317/tab1/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> 生物电控制的效果,<我>年代</我>。<我>rubrolavendulae</我>年代4的抑制番茄和辣椒幼苗立枯病疾病所致<我>5种</我>在温室条件下。</gydF4y2Badiv> <a class="table-thumb-overlay" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/psyche/2012/324317/tab1" target="_blank" aria-label="View full page"></a> </div> </div> <h4 id="discussion">4所示。讨论</h4><p>gydF4y2Ba植物病原真菌,<我>5种,</我>从受感染的孤立的番茄幼苗在经济植物苗圃。<我>疫霉</我>通常被称为水霉菌可以生长在潮湿的土壤和生产白色,丰富地分支,无隔膜的菌丝体,孢子囊,合子。这<我>疫霉</我>可以广泛传播游动孢子囊中产生和合子和卵原细胞,分别为(<一个href="#B14">14</一个>]。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba在有性孢子类型,合子antheridia附在卵原细胞时产生。此外,无性孢子的类型<我>p。5</gydF4y2Ba我>厚垣孢子和孢子囊被用作一种生存结构。游动孢子囊的包含在一个柠檬的形状(图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/psyche/2012/324317/fig2/" target="_blank">2(一个)</一个>)。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba在植物领域,温室,苗圃化学杀菌剂用于疾病管理。甲霜灵和fosetyl-A1建议使用化学杀菌剂<我>疫霉</我>一些危险的物种对环境(<一个href="#B15">15</一个>- - - - - -<一个href="#B18">18</一个>]。因此,生物防治疾病管理应用,将对健康和环境安全。的控制<我>疫霉</我>根腐病是通过时下泥煤苔<我>链霉菌属</我>在温室条件下种植的时候。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba健康的植物的频率显著增加敏感品种,和一般的疾病严重程度指数显著降低抗性和敏感品种测试。这显然是表明隔离S4可以防止西红柿和辣椒幼苗立枯病疾病的经济植物苗圃。在最近的研究中,<我>木霉属harzianum</我>,<gydF4y2Ba我>枯草芽孢杆菌</我>,<gydF4y2Ba我>荧光假单胞菌,</我>和<我>链霉菌属</我>物种被报道为控制商业生物防治剂<我>疫霉</我>物种(BCA) [<一个href="#B2">2</一个>,<gydF4y2Ba一个href="#B19">19</一个>- - - - - -<一个href="#B25">25</一个>]。寄生机制、竞争、抗生素、酶进行了在不同拮抗微生物。细胞外的细胞壁降解酶包括几丁质酶、多种纤维素酶,淀粉酶,,3 - 1<我>β</gydF4y2Ba我>属-glucanases被发现<我>链霉菌属</我>(<gydF4y2Ba一个href="#B26">26</一个>- - - - - -<一个href="#B28">28</一个>]。高产生的几丁质酶和多种纤维素酶的活动<我>美国rubrolavendulae</我>年代4。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba生存的51.42和34.10百分比的番茄和辣椒幼苗在锅包含观察<我>p。5</gydF4y2Ba我>分别为(表<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/psyche/2012/324317/tab1/" target="_blank">1</一个>)。培养3 - 5天后在锅中,番茄和辣椒似乎包含幼苗立枯病的疾病。软化,腐朽,削弱了,死苗表达pregerminated postgerminated辣椒和番茄种子。然后,泥炭苔藓或种子转移到PDA盘子和在室温下培养3天(图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/psyche/2012/324317/fig4/" target="_blank">4</一个>)。相似特征<我>5种</我>观察板。一个无隔膜的菌丝体,柠檬的形状孢子囊,卵原细胞在光学显微镜下观察(10倍)。结果表明,辣椒和番茄幼苗立枯病疾病的表达造成的<我>5种。</我>后50天的培养,健康的番茄和辣椒移植进行治疗与补充道<我>美国rubrolavendulae</我>年代4。这些移植表明身高和体重高于其他疗法(数据没有显示)(图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/psyche/2012/324317/fig5/" target="_blank">5</一个>)。具有生物活性的天然化合物和植物激素可以从几个生产<我>链霉菌属</我>物种和影响植物生长促进细菌的寄主植物(<一个href="#B29">29日</一个>,<gydF4y2Ba一个href="#B30">30.</一个>]。结果清楚地表明,幼苗立枯病的疾病经济植物苗圃的番茄和辣椒可以控制的<我>美国rubrolavendulae</我>年代4。</p><gydF4y2Badiv class="partial-carousel-wrapper"> <div class="floats-partial-section"> <div class="floats-partial-content"> <div class="partial-carousel--full-image partial-carousel-35342dd6a321746120075368a3136a6c"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="(一)gydF4y2Ba" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/psyche/volume-2012/324317/figures/324317.fig.004a.jpg"> <br> <strong>(一)</gydF4y2Bastrong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="(b)gydF4y2Ba" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/psyche/volume-2012/324317/figures/324317.fig.004b.jpg"> <br> <strong>(b)</gydF4y2Bastrong> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs"> <div class="partial-carousel-dots-35342dd6a321746120075368a3136a6c partial-carousel-thumbnail"> <button aria-label="Slide to (a) " class="partial-carousel-dot"><img loading="lazy" alt="(一)gydF4y2Ba" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/psyche/volume-2012/324317/thumbnails/324317.fig.004a_th.jpg"><br><strong>(一)</gydF4y2Bastrong></button> <button aria-label="Slide to (b) " class="partial-carousel-dot"><img loading="lazy" alt="(b)gydF4y2Ba" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/psyche/volume-2012/324317/thumbnails/324317.fig.004b_th.jpg"><br><strong>(b)</gydF4y2Bastrong></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle--nav"> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev-35342dd6a321746120075368a3136a6c partial-carousel-next-prev"> <button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-prev"></button> <button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-next"></button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图4</gydF4y2Baspan> <a aria-label="View full page" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/psyche/2012/324317/fig4/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td><i>5种</我>观察从泥炭苔藓(a)和(b)种子。</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="partial-carousel-wrapper"> <div class="floats-partial-section"> <div class="floats-partial-content"> <div class="partial-carousel--full-image partial-carousel-038cd44110ec679bb0fb1f48bf8658d8"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/psyche/volume-2012/324317/figures/324317.fig.005.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs"> <div class="partial-carousel-dots-038cd44110ec679bb0fb1f48bf8658d8 partial-carousel-thumbnail"> <button aria-label="Slide to " class="partial-carousel-dot"><img loading="lazy" alt="" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/psyche/volume-2012/324317/thumbnails/324317.fig.005_th.jpg"><br><strong></strong></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle--nav"> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev-038cd44110ec679bb0fb1f48bf8658d8 partial-carousel-next-prev"> <button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-prev"></button> <button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-next"></button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图5</gydF4y2Baspan> <a aria-label="View full page" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/psyche/2012/324317/fig5/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>健康的番茄幼苗生长在泥炭苔藓接种<我>5种</我>和<我>美国rubrolavendulae</我>年代4在不同的治疗方法。</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> <h4 id="conclusion">5。结论</h4><p>gydF4y2Ba的chitinolytic<我>美国rubrolavendulae</我>年代4strong-antagonistic活动反对<我>5种</我>从受感染的番茄幼苗、孤立。因此,<我>美国rubrolavendulae</我>年代4可以作为很好的生物防除幼苗立枯病疾病的经济植物苗圃。在<我>p。5</gydF4y2Ba我>污染泥煤苔,生物电控制增加的百分比幸存的番茄和辣椒幼苗从51.42到88.57和34.10至76.71,分别。细胞的生产质量<我>美国rubrolavendulae</我>年代4在适当的介质将未来的工作。</p><h4gydF4y2Baid="acknowledgment">承认</h4><p>gydF4y2Ba作者要感谢绿色和清洁蔬菜有限,经济植物苗圃Amphoe Pak庄,那空Rachasima省,支持工厂样品。</p></gydF4y2Badiv> </div> <div class="ArticleReferences_xmlContent__p_40j"> <h4 class="ArticleReferences_references__GH2t_" id="references">引用</h4><ogydF4y2Bal class="ArticleReferences_orderedReferences__mJr9M"> <li class="ArticleReferences_articleReference__ouEuh" id="B1"> <div class="referenceContent"> <p class="referenceText">g . j . 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𝑃 < 0 . 0 5 ) from 51.42 to 88.57 and 34.10 to 76.71 for the S. rubrolavendulae S4 treatment, respectively. The S. rubrolavendulae S4 also showed high efficiency equivalent to fungicide, metalaxyl with no significant difference (). It was clearly demonstrated that S. rubrolavendulae S4 can prevent the tomato and chili seedling damping off disease in economic plant nurseries. 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href="#copyright">版权</一个><一个class="TableOfContents_tableOfContents__item__JJil1" href="#related-articles">相关文章</一个></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ant-col ThreeColumnLayout_middleColumn__sbd41"> <div class="ArticleMiddleSection_articleMiddleSection__gAv9z"> <div class="articleHeader"> <div class="articleHeader__specialIssue"> <span class="articleHeader__specialIssue_tag">特殊的问题</gydF4y2Baspan> <h2 class="articleHeader__specialIssue_title">选择国际会议论文生物农药6 (ICOB6)</h2><一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/psyche/si/352063/" class="articleHeader__specialIssue_url" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">把这个特殊的问题</一个></div> <strong>研究文章|<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->开放获取</gydF4y2Bastrong> <div class="articleHeader__meta"> <span>体积<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->2012年<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->|</gydF4y2Baspan> <span>文章的ID<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->324317年<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->|</gydF4y2Baspan> <span class="articleHeader__meta_doiLink"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/324317" aria-label="Doi-link" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/324317</一个></span> </div> <div class="simpleShowMore"> <button class="simpleShowMore__button">显示引用</bgydF4y2Bautton> </div> <h1 class="articleHeader__title">生物电控制的<我>5种</我>、真菌病原体经济植物幼苗立枯病疾病的托儿所</h1><gydF4y2Badiv class="articleHeader__authors"> <span class="articleHeader__authors_author">b . Loliam<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<gydF4y2Basup>1</gydF4y2Basup></span> <span class="articleHeader__authors_author">森永t .<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<gydF4y2Basup>2</gydF4y2Basup></span> <span class="articleHeader__authors_author">和<gydF4y2Bastrong>美国Chaiyanan</gydF4y2Bastrong><a href="//www.newsama.com/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection" aria-label="Mail Option"><span role="img" class="anticon"> <svg version="1.0" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em" viewbox="0 0 1401 1101"> <path fill="#6ba439" d="M132.5 2.1C101.4 6 71.1 20.5 48.3 42.4c-22.7 21.7-37.5 48.3-44.6 80l-2.2 10.1v837l2.2 10.1c6.7 30 19.3 53.9 39.8 75.3 23.3 24.3 56.4 40.9 90 45 12.8 1.6 1122.2 1.6 1135 0 38.9-4.8 75.9-25.6 100-56.4 15-19.3 24.2-39 29.8-63.9l2.2-10.1v-837l-2.2-10.1c-7.1-31.8-21.9-58.3-44.6-80.1-20.2-19.2-43.9-31.7-73.6-38.5l-9.6-2.3L705 1.4c-321.9-.1-568.5.2-572.5.7zm1123.4 99.5c1.7.4 3.1 1 3.1 1.4 0 .5-125.6 87.7-279 194L700.9 490.2 422 297C268.5 190.7 143 103.4 143 103c0-.5 1-1.1 2.3-1.3 3.5-.7 1107.1-.8 1110.6-.1zM401 404c164.4 113.8 299.4 207 300 207 .6 0 135.6-93.2 300.1-207 164.5-113.9 299.3-207 299.5-207 .2 0 .4 170.9.4 379.7 0 417.9.5 386-6.1 398.3-6.2 11.6-19 21.4-31.9 24.4-5.8 1.4-67.4 1.6-562 1.6s-556.2-.2-562-1.6c-12.9-3-25.7-12.8-31.9-24.4-6.6-12.3-6.1 19.6-6.1-398.3 0-208.8.2-379.7.5-379.7S236.6 290.1 401 404z"></path> </svg></span></a><sup>1</gydF4y2Basup></span> </div> <div class="simpleShowMore"> <button class="simpleShowMore__button">显示更多</bgydF4y2Bautton> </div> <div class="articleHeader__academicEditor"> <strong>学术编辑器:</gydF4y2Bastrong> <span>Kabkaew Sukontason</gydF4y2Baspan> </div> <div class="articleHeader__timeline"> <div class="articleHeader__timeline_item "> <strong>收到了</gydF4y2Bastrong> <span>2012年5月30日</gydF4y2Baspan> </div> <div class="articleHeader__timeline_item "> <strong>接受</gydF4y2Bastrong> <span>2012年7月24日</gydF4y2Baspan> </div> <div class="articleHeader__timeline_item articleHeader__timeline_item_sticky"> <strong>发表</gydF4y2Bastrong> <span>2012年8月27日</gydF4y2Baspan> </div> </div> </div> <div class="articleBody"> <div class="xml-content"> <h4 class="header" id="abstract">文摘</h4><p>gydF4y2Ba本研究旨在控制植物幼苗立枯病疾病通过对致病真菌的拮抗放线菌。<我>5种</我>从受感染的孤立的番茄幼苗获得从经济植物苗圃Amphoe Pak庄,那空Ratchasima省,泰国。的chitinolytic<我>链霉菌属rubrolavendulae</我>年代4,格罗夫的白蚁隔绝Amphoe Si-Sawat,北碧府,泰国,被证明是最有效的真菌病原体的生长抑制马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂上测试过。番茄和辣椒幼苗与敌对的殖民地<我>美国rubrolavendulae</我>年代4是生长在<我>p。5</gydF4y2Ba我>人工接种泥炭苔藓。9 noninfested幼苗的真菌污染的泥炭藓与未接种泥煤苔比控制。在<我>p。5</gydF4y2Ba我>受污染的泥煤苔,番茄和辣椒幼苗的存活百分比显著增加(<gydF4y2Basvg height="11.25" id="M1" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt;width:56.150002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 56.150002 11.25" width="56.150002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.25)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.890113" y="0"> <</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.930502" y="0"> 0</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.182001" y="0"> 。</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.307751" y="0"> 0</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.559254" y="0"> 5</tgydF4y2Baspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>从51.42到88.57和34.10到76.71<我>美国rubrolavendulae</我>年代4治疗,分别。的<我>美国rubrolavendulae</我>年代4还显示高效杀菌剂,甲霜灵无显著差异(<gydF4y2Basvg height="11.25" id="M2" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt;width:56.150002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 56.150002 11.25" width="56.150002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.25)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.890113" y="0"> ></tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.930502" y="0"> 0</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.182001" y="0"> 。</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.307751" y="0"> 0</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.559254" y="0"> 5</tgydF4y2Baspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)。这显然是证明<我>美国rubrolavendulae</我>年代4可以防止西红柿和辣椒幼苗立枯病疾病的经济植物苗圃。</p><gydF4y2Baspan class="end-abs"></span> <h4 id="introduction">1。介绍</h4><p>gydF4y2Ba在泰国蔬菜作物的价值在2009年估计为145.61亿泰铢左右,包括番茄和辣椒。这些经济作物的种植是通过使用可靠的苗木生产商。因此,经济植物苗圃业务一直在增加。疾病管理已成为一个主要关注在蔬菜的生产插头移植。幼苗立枯病疾病会导致经济植物苗圃的严重的问题。病因病原真菌在植物幼苗立枯病疾病的报道<我>腐霉属</我>spp。<我>疫霉</我>sp。<一个href="#B1">1</一个>,<gydF4y2Ba一个href="#B2">2</一个>),<gydF4y2Ba我>辣椒</我>(<gydF4y2Ba一个href="#B3">3</一个>),<gydF4y2Ba我>菌核rolfsii</我>(<gydF4y2Ba一个href="#B4">4</一个>),而<我>尖孢镰刀菌</我>(<gydF4y2Ba一个href="#B5">5</一个>]。<我>5种</我>是最臭名昭著的物种属造成预处理和苗期使用的腐烂和马铃薯和番茄晚疫病。此外,辣椒、西瓜、南瓜、柑橘、草莓、栗子、森林树木的影响<我>疫霉</我>物种如<我>p。c一个mbivora p . hibernalis p . citrophthora p . kernoviae p . capsici p过p . drechsleri</我>和<我>p。5</gydF4y2Ba我>(<gydF4y2Ba一个href="#B6">6</一个>- - - - - -<一个href="#B9">9</一个>]<gydF4y2Ba我>。</我>化学杀菌剂是目前广泛应用于农业和也会造成环境污染。如今,控制或预防疾病的方法是通过减少有害化学杀菌剂。生物电控制作为一种替代方法。与病原真菌和微生物同时一起成长产生酶或抑制真菌生长的有机化合物。生物防除与微生物杀菌剂在几个学术实验室正在调查。幼苗立枯病疾病发生在经济植物苗圃Amphoe Pak庄,那空Ratchasima省。在这项研究中,幼苗阻尼疾病的主要致病真菌病原体。的敌对chitinolytic<我>链霉菌属</我>对真菌病原体被尝试用于控制疾病在植物苗圃。</p><h4gydF4y2Baid="materials-and-methods">2。材料和方法</h4><h5gydF4y2Baid="sec2.1">2.1。植物病原真菌的分离和鉴定</h5><p>gydF4y2Ba获得的植物样本从经济植物苗圃。根和茎的番茄幼苗立枯病疾病症状是洗去除多余的泥煤苔。然后,出没的植物部分surface-sterilized使用5%的次氯酸v / v 30秒,与无菌水清洗,blot-dried无菌滤纸。植物碎片被切成0.5厘米的长度在被放置到马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂(PDA)。真菌菌丝和孢子的植物组织亚文化在另一个掌上电脑板和纯化。致病性真菌被确定基于菌落形态和特征的孢子囊和合子。</p><h5我d="sec2.2">2.2。拮抗放线菌</h5><p>gydF4y2Ba白蚁chitinolytic放线菌是孤立于格罗夫的Amphoe Si-Sawat,北碧府,泰国,用土壤稀释法。chitinolytic放线菌是初步分类<我>链霉菌属</我>sp.基于形态和生理特征(<一个href="#B10">10</一个>]。发现类似chitinolytic放线菌<我>链霉菌属rubrolavendulae</我>基于16 s rRNA分析。的<我>美国rubrolavendulae</我>年代4是维护在营养琼脂偏在30°C前3 - 5天做出新鲜的殖民地被用于下一个实验。</p><h5gydF4y2Baid="sec2.3">2.3。拮抗试验双重文化技术</h5><p>gydF4y2Ba的抗真菌活性<我>美国rubrolavendulae</我>年代4对幼苗立枯病真菌进行了测试在V8琼脂<一个href="#B11">11</一个>]在30°C使用双重文化技术。的分生孢子<我>美国rubrolavendulae</我>年代4被放置在V8琼脂板线。然后,板块在30°C 5天孵化允许生长和孢子形成的<我>美国rubrolavendulae</我>年代4之前接种致病性真菌的琼脂塞在板的中心。孵化后3 - 5天在30°C,致病性真菌的生长抑制<我>美国rubrolavendulae</我>年代4是调查。抑制发展的区域的大小<我>美国rubrolavendulae</我>年代4的测量对抗潜在的病原体。只有病原体被用作积极控制和实验三个复制每个实验重复三次。百分比增长抑制这个公式决定3天后孵化的斯基德莫尔(<一个href="#B12">12</一个>]:<gydF4y2Baspan class="equation" id="eq1"> <svg height="30.3375" id="M3" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 30.3375" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,30.3375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-47.73)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,64.29,56.53)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> T</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.6393328" y="0"> h</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.890833" y="0"> e</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.605663" y="0"> p</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.857164" y="0"> e</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.408497" y="0"> r</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.55949" y="0"> c</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.110825" y="0"> e</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="50.662155" y="0"> n</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="56.913654" y="0"> t</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="60.502018" y="0"> 一个</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="66.053352" y="0"> g</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="72.129807" y="0"> e</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="81.832138" y="0"> o</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="88.083633" y="0"> f</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="96.410629" y="0"> 我</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="99.886467" y="0"> n</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="106.13797" y="0"> h</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="112.38947" y="0"> 我</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="115.8653" y="0"> b</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="122.1168" y="0"> 我</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="125.59264" y="0"> t</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="129.06847" y="0"> 我</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="132.5443" y="0"> o</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="138.79581" y="0"> n</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="149.22331" y="0"> g</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="155.59984" y="0"> r</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="159.70082" y="0"> o</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="165.67725" y="0"> w</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="174.70442" y="0"> t</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="178.26778" y="0"> h</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="190.77077" y="0"> (</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="194.93428" y="0"> %</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="204.27402" y="0"> )</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="211.90085" y="0"> =</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="225.14999" y="-7.2600002"> </tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="237.17789" y="-7.2600002"> −</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="248.51811" y="-7.2600002"> </tgydF4y2Baspan> </text> <g> <path d="m 289.44,59.66 28.47,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,299.05,47.78)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.84" y="-8.75"> ×</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.605083" y="-8.75"> 1</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.856583" y="-8.75"> 0</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="46.108082" y="-8.75"> 0</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="52.359585" y="-8.75"> ,</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="175.07001" y="-8.96"> (</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="179.23351" y="-8.96"> 1</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="185.485" y="-8.96"> )</tgydF4y2Baspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span>在哪里<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.325" id="M4" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:11.6875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.6875 10.325" width="11.6875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tgydF4y2Baspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>代表控制病原体的半径和增长<gydF4y2Basvg height="7.0124998" id="M5" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:6.5px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 6.5 7.0124998" width="6.5" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.0125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-66.39)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tgydF4y2Baspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>病原体的半径对细菌拮抗物的增长。</p><h5gydF4y2Baid="sec2.4">2.4。在温室条件下抑制幼苗立枯病真菌</h5><p>gydF4y2Ba泥炭藓类在121°C灭菌15分钟15磅/<gydF4y2Basup>2</gydF4y2Basup>三次每隔24小时和用作种植材料研究。琼脂插头,来自边缘的年轻群致病性真菌<我>,</gydF4y2Ba我>人工接种到steam-pasteurized泥炭苔藓的速度50琼脂插头/ 250 g。<我>美国rubrolavendulae</我>年代4在营养肉汤培养1% w / v虾壳粉30°C 3天,用于植物保护实验。的<我>美国rubrolavendulae</我>年代4的泥炭藓细胞悬液接种到最终的浓度10<gydF4y2Basup>6</gydF4y2Basup>cfu / g。实验2×5的阶乘完全随机设计有三个复制。使用了两种幼苗:西红柿和辣椒。3套10幼苗生长在五种治疗种植材料:(1)人工真菌病原体感染,(2)人工真菌病原体感染但挑战<我>美国rubrolavendulae</我>年代4,(3)人工真菌病原体感染但杀菌剂处理,甲霜灵(Phyto-Q),<我>美国rubrolavendulae</我>年代4接种,(4)未经变质处理的种植材料控制。的百分比noninfested幼苗被确定。</p><h4gydF4y2Baid="results">3所示。结果</h4><h5gydF4y2Baid="sec3.1">3.1。猝倒病疾病的致病真菌植物幼苗的托儿所</h5><p>gydF4y2Ba主要植物病原真菌隔离受感染的番茄幼苗被确认<我>5种,</我>基于形态学的厚垣孢子和孢子囊产生游动孢子(<一个href="#B13">13</一个>]。这个隔离可以生长在PDA和生产白色,丰富地分支和无隔膜的菌丝无鼻中隔(图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/psyche/2012/324317/fig1/" target="_blank">1</一个>)。</p><gydF4y2Badiv class="partial-carousel-wrapper"> <div class="floats-partial-section"> <div class="floats-partial-content"> <div class="partial-carousel--full-image partial-carousel-9f5d081cee318372f9b971df6dd461ca"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="(一)gydF4y2Ba" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/psyche/volume-2012/324317/figures/324317.fig.001a.jpg"> <br> <strong>(一)</gydF4y2Bastrong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="(b)gydF4y2Ba" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/psyche/volume-2012/324317/figures/324317.fig.001b.jpg"> <br> <strong>(b)</gydF4y2Bastrong> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs"> <div class="partial-carousel-dots-9f5d081cee318372f9b971df6dd461ca partial-carousel-thumbnail"> <button aria-label="Slide to (a) " class="partial-carousel-dot"><img loading="lazy" alt="(一)gydF4y2Ba" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/psyche/volume-2012/324317/thumbnails/324317.fig.001a_th.jpg"><br><strong>(一)</gydF4y2Bastrong></button> <button aria-label="Slide to (b) " class="partial-carousel-dot"><img loading="lazy" alt="(b)gydF4y2Ba" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/psyche/volume-2012/324317/thumbnails/324317.fig.001b_th.jpg"><br><strong>(b)</gydF4y2Bastrong></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle--nav"> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev-9f5d081cee318372f9b971df6dd461ca partial-carousel-next-prev"> <button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-prev"></button> <button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-next"></button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图1</gydF4y2Baspan> <a aria-label="View full page" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/psyche/2012/324317/fig1/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td><i>5种</我>隔离受感染番茄幼苗(a)和生产白色,丰富地分支菌丝体(b)。</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> <p>前沿的菌丝插头被转移到培养皿中包含泥煤苔提取物,然后孵化在室温下连续40瓦荧光照明1 - 4天,amphigynous antheridia合子。孢子囊的柠檬形状观察(图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/psyche/2012/324317/fig2/" target="_blank">2</一个>),是一种semipapillae孢子囊和释放游动在潮湿泥煤苔或水。</p><gydF4y2Badiv class="partial-carousel-wrapper"> <div class="floats-partial-section"> <div class="floats-partial-content"> <div class="partial-carousel--full-image partial-carousel-c670723bc4fa307edf0d484248a169e5"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="(一)gydF4y2Ba" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/psyche/volume-2012/324317/figures/324317.fig.002a.jpg"> <br> <strong>(一)</gydF4y2Bastrong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="(b)gydF4y2Ba" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/psyche/volume-2012/324317/figures/324317.fig.002b.jpg"> <br> <strong>(b)</gydF4y2Bastrong> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs"> <div class="partial-carousel-dots-c670723bc4fa307edf0d484248a169e5 partial-carousel-thumbnail"> <button aria-label="Slide to (a) " class="partial-carousel-dot"><img loading="lazy" alt="(一)gydF4y2Ba" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/psyche/volume-2012/324317/thumbnails/324317.fig.002a_th.jpg"><br><strong>(一)</gydF4y2Bastrong></button> <button aria-label="Slide to (b) " class="partial-carousel-dot"><img loading="lazy" alt="(b)gydF4y2Ba" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/psyche/volume-2012/324317/thumbnails/324317.fig.002b_th.jpg"><br><strong>(b)</gydF4y2Bastrong></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle--nav"> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev-c670723bc4fa307edf0d484248a169e5 partial-carousel-next-prev"> <button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-prev"></button> <button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-next"></button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图2</gydF4y2Baspan> <a aria-label="View full page" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/psyche/2012/324317/fig2/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td><i>5种</我>(一)柠檬形状孢子囊,(b) amphigynous antheridia合子。</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> <h5 id="sec3.2">3.2。对抗性的活动<我>美国rubrolavendulae</我>年代4反对<我>p。5</gydF4y2Ba我></h5><p>双重培养法用于调查的敌对<我>美国rubrolavendulae</我>年代4表示,<我>美国rubrolavendulae</我>年代4是用作抑制菌丝拮抗微生物的增长<我>p。5</gydF4y2Ba我>在V8琼脂(图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/psyche/2012/324317/fig3/" target="_blank">3</一个>)。在室温下培养3天,之后的半径<我>p。5</gydF4y2Ba我>在控制面板和增长<我>p。5</gydF4y2Ba我>经济增长对<我>美国rubrolavendulae</我>年代4测量约4.5厘米和0.75厘米,分别。此外,径向的增长<我>p。5</gydF4y2Ba我>产生一个清晰区周围<我>美国rubrolavendulae</我>年代4增长表明真菌的抑制增长。因此,83.33%的增长抑制显然已经证明了<我>美国rubrolavendulae</我>年代4表现出良好的增长抑制病原真菌,<我>p。5</gydF4y2Ba我>。</p><gydF4y2Badiv class="partial-carousel-wrapper"> <div class="floats-partial-section"> <div class="floats-partial-content"> <div class="partial-carousel--full-image partial-carousel-5f6d7f2413a5f9cccc78b85cec595d6c"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="(一)gydF4y2Ba" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/psyche/volume-2012/324317/figures/324317.fig.003a.jpg"> <br> <strong>(一)</gydF4y2Bastrong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="(b)gydF4y2Ba" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/psyche/volume-2012/324317/figures/324317.fig.003b.jpg"> <br> <strong>(b)</gydF4y2Bastrong> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs"> <div class="partial-carousel-dots-5f6d7f2413a5f9cccc78b85cec595d6c partial-carousel-thumbnail"> <button aria-label="Slide to (a) " class="partial-carousel-dot"><img loading="lazy" alt="(一)gydF4y2Ba" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/psyche/volume-2012/324317/thumbnails/324317.fig.003a_th.jpg"><br><strong>(一)</gydF4y2Bastrong></button> <button aria-label="Slide to (b) " class="partial-carousel-dot"><img loading="lazy" alt="(b)gydF4y2Ba" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/psyche/volume-2012/324317/thumbnails/324317.fig.003b_th.jpg"><br><strong>(b)</gydF4y2Bastrong></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle--nav"> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev-5f6d7f2413a5f9cccc78b85cec595d6c partial-carousel-next-prev"> <button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-prev"></button> <button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-next"></button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图3</gydF4y2Baspan> <a aria-label="View full page" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/psyche/2012/324317/fig3/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td><i>在体外</我>之间的相互作用<我>美国rubrolavendulae</我>年代4,<gydF4y2Ba我>5种</我>在V8中。(一)控制盘<我>5种</我>;(b)<我>美国rubrolavendulae</我>年代4反对<我>5种</我>。</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> <h5 id="sec3.3">3.3。抑制番茄和辣椒幼苗立枯病由对抗疾病<我>美国rubrolavendulae</我>年代4</h5><p>ggydF4y2BaydF4y2Ba幼苗立枯病的生物抑制疾病的番茄和辣椒幼苗。<我>美国rubrolavendulae</我>年代4在虾壳肉汤培养的最佳条件下接种到讽刺泥炭苔藓。番茄和辣椒幼苗生长在泥炭苔藓和敌对的殖民地<我>美国rubrolavendulae</我>年代4,<gydF4y2Ba我>p。5</gydF4y2Ba我>。温室盆栽试验结果表明,<我>美国rubrolavendulae</我>年代4显著地抑制番茄和辣椒幼苗的根腐烂所致<我>p。5</gydF4y2Ba我>。9 noninfested幼苗的真菌污染的泥炭藓与未接种泥煤苔比控制。在<我>p。5</gydF4y2Ba我>受污染的泥煤苔,番茄和辣椒幼苗的存活百分比显著增加(<gydF4y2Basvg height="11.25" id="M6" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt;width:56.150002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 56.150002 11.25" width="56.150002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.25)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.890113" y="0"> <</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.930502" y="0"> 0</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.182001" y="0"> 。</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.307751" y="0"> 0</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.559254" y="0"> 5</tgydF4y2Baspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)从51.42到88.57和34.10到76.71 S4隔离治疗,分别(表<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/psyche/2012/324317/tab1/" target="_blank">1</一个>)。的<我>美国rubrolavendulae</我>年代4也显示出高效杀菌剂等价,甲霜灵无显著差异(<gydF4y2Basvg height="11.25" id="M7" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt;width:56.150002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 56.150002 11.25" width="56.150002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.25)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.890113" y="0"> ></tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.930502" y="0"> 0</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.182001" y="0"> 。</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.307751" y="0"> 0</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.559254" y="0"> 5</tgydF4y2Baspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)。这些植物看起来健康和治疗的比例增加健康的植物没有根腐烂。的症状<我>p。5</gydF4y2Ba我>从出没的幼苗分离确认真菌病原体的有效性。</p><gydF4y2Badiv class="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="tab1"> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">表1</gydF4y2Baspan> <a aria-label="View full page" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/psyche/2012/324317/tab1/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> 生物电控制的效果,<我>年代</我>。<我>rubrolavendulae</我>年代4的抑制番茄和辣椒幼苗立枯病疾病所致<我>5种</我>在温室条件下。</gydF4y2Badiv> <a class="table-thumb-overlay" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/psyche/2012/324317/tab1" target="_blank" aria-label="View full page"></a> </div> </div> <h4 id="discussion">4所示。讨论</h4><p>gydF4y2Ba植物病原真菌,<我>5种,</我>从受感染的孤立的番茄幼苗在经济植物苗圃。<我>疫霉</我>通常被称为水霉菌可以生长在潮湿的土壤和生产白色,丰富地分支,无隔膜的菌丝体,孢子囊,合子。这<我>疫霉</我>可以广泛传播游动孢子囊中产生和合子和卵原细胞,分别为(<一个href="#B14">14</一个>]。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba在有性孢子类型,合子antheridia附在卵原细胞时产生。此外,无性孢子的类型<我>p。5</gydF4y2Ba我>厚垣孢子和孢子囊被用作一种生存结构。游动孢子囊的包含在一个柠檬的形状(图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/psyche/2012/324317/fig2/" target="_blank">2(一个)</一个>)。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba在植物领域,温室,苗圃化学杀菌剂用于疾病管理。甲霜灵和fosetyl-A1建议使用化学杀菌剂<我>疫霉</我>一些危险的物种对环境(<一个href="#B15">15</一个>- - - - - -<一个href="#B18">18</一个>]。因此,生物防治疾病管理应用,将对健康和环境安全。的控制<我>疫霉</我>根腐病是通过时下泥煤苔<我>链霉菌属</我>在温室条件下种植的时候。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba健康的植物的频率显著增加敏感品种,和一般的疾病严重程度指数显著降低抗性和敏感品种测试。这显然是表明隔离S4可以防止西红柿和辣椒幼苗立枯病疾病的经济植物苗圃。在最近的研究中,<我>木霉属harzianum</我>,<gydF4y2Ba我>枯草芽孢杆菌</我>,<gydF4y2Ba我>荧光假单胞菌,</我>和<我>链霉菌属</我>物种被报道为控制商业生物防治剂<我>疫霉</我>物种(BCA) [<一个href="#B2">2</一个>,<gydF4y2Ba一个href="#B19">19</一个>- - - - - -<一个href="#B25">25</一个>]。寄生机制、竞争、抗生素、酶进行了在不同拮抗微生物。细胞外的细胞壁降解酶包括几丁质酶、多种纤维素酶,淀粉酶,,3 - 1<我>β</gydF4y2Ba我>属-glucanases被发现<我>链霉菌属</我>(<gydF4y2Ba一个href="#B26">26</一个>- - - - - -<一个href="#B28">28</一个>]。高产生的几丁质酶和多种纤维素酶的活动<我>美国rubrolavendulae</我>年代4。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba生存的51.42和34.10百分比的番茄和辣椒幼苗在锅包含观察<我>p。5</gydF4y2Ba我>分别为(表<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/psyche/2012/324317/tab1/" target="_blank">1</一个>)。培养3 - 5天后在锅中,番茄和辣椒似乎包含幼苗立枯病的疾病。软化,腐朽,削弱了,死苗表达pregerminated postgerminated辣椒和番茄种子。然后,泥炭苔藓或种子转移到PDA盘子和在室温下培养3天(图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/psyche/2012/324317/fig4/" target="_blank">4</一个>)。相似特征<我>5种</我>观察板。一个无隔膜的菌丝体,柠檬的形状孢子囊,卵原细胞在光学显微镜下观察(10倍)。结果表明,辣椒和番茄幼苗立枯病疾病的表达造成的<我>5种。</我>后50天的培养,健康的番茄和辣椒移植进行治疗与补充道<我>美国rubrolavendulae</我>年代4。这些移植表明身高和体重高于其他疗法(数据没有显示)(图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/psyche/2012/324317/fig5/" target="_blank">5</一个>)。具有生物活性的天然化合物和植物激素可以从几个生产<我>链霉菌属</我>物种和影响植物生长促进细菌的寄主植物(<一个href="#B29">29日</一个>,<gydF4y2Ba一个href="#B30">30.</一个>]。结果清楚地表明,幼苗立枯病的疾病经济植物苗圃的番茄和辣椒可以控制的<我>美国rubrolavendulae</我>年代4。</p><gydF4y2Badiv class="partial-carousel-wrapper"> <div class="floats-partial-section"> <div class="floats-partial-content"> <div class="partial-carousel--full-image partial-carousel-35342dd6a321746120075368a3136a6c"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="(一)gydF4y2Ba" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/psyche/volume-2012/324317/figures/324317.fig.004a.jpg"> <br> <strong>(一)</gydF4y2Bastrong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="(b)gydF4y2Ba" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/psyche/volume-2012/324317/figures/324317.fig.004b.jpg"> <br> <strong>(b)</gydF4y2Bastrong> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs"> <div class="partial-carousel-dots-35342dd6a321746120075368a3136a6c partial-carousel-thumbnail"> <button aria-label="Slide to (a) " class="partial-carousel-dot"><img loading="lazy" alt="(一)gydF4y2Ba" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/psyche/volume-2012/324317/thumbnails/324317.fig.004a_th.jpg"><br><strong>(一)</gydF4y2Bastrong></button> <button aria-label="Slide to (b) " class="partial-carousel-dot"><img loading="lazy" alt="(b)gydF4y2Ba" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/psyche/volume-2012/324317/thumbnails/324317.fig.004b_th.jpg"><br><strong>(b)</gydF4y2Bastrong></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle--nav"> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev-35342dd6a321746120075368a3136a6c partial-carousel-next-prev"> <button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-prev"></button> <button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-next"></button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图4</gydF4y2Baspan> <a aria-label="View full page" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/psyche/2012/324317/fig4/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td><i>5种</我>观察从泥炭苔藓(a)和(b)种子。</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="partial-carousel-wrapper"> <div class="floats-partial-section"> <div class="floats-partial-content"> <div class="partial-carousel--full-image partial-carousel-038cd44110ec679bb0fb1f48bf8658d8"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/psyche/volume-2012/324317/figures/324317.fig.005.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs"> <div class="partial-carousel-dots-038cd44110ec679bb0fb1f48bf8658d8 partial-carousel-thumbnail"> <button aria-label="Slide to " class="partial-carousel-dot"><img loading="lazy" alt="" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/psyche/volume-2012/324317/thumbnails/324317.fig.005_th.jpg"><br><strong></strong></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle--nav"> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev-038cd44110ec679bb0fb1f48bf8658d8 partial-carousel-next-prev"> <button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-prev"></button> <button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-next"></button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图5</gydF4y2Baspan> <a aria-label="View full page" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/psyche/2012/324317/fig5/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>健康的番茄幼苗生长在泥炭苔藓接种<我>5种</我>和<我>美国rubrolavendulae</我>年代4在不同的治疗方法。</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> <h4 id="conclusion">5。结论</h4><p>gydF4y2Ba的chitinolytic<我>美国rubrolavendulae</我>年代4strong-antagonistic活动反对<我>5种</我>从受感染的番茄幼苗、孤立。因此,<我>美国rubrolavendulae</我>年代4可以作为很好的生物防除幼苗立枯病疾病的经济植物苗圃。在<我>p。5</gydF4y2Ba我>污染泥煤苔,生物电控制增加的百分比幸存的番茄和辣椒幼苗从51.42到88.57和34.10至76.71,分别。细胞的生产质量<我>美国rubrolavendulae</我>年代4在适当的介质将未来的工作。</p><h4gydF4y2Baid="acknowledgment">承认</h4><p>gydF4y2Ba作者要感谢绿色和清洁蔬菜有限,经济植物苗圃Amphoe Pak庄,那空Rachasima省,支持工厂样品。</p></gydF4y2Badiv> </div> <div class="ArticleReferences_xmlContent__p_40j"> <h4 class="ArticleReferences_references__GH2t_" id="references">引用</h4><ogydF4y2Bal class="ArticleReferences_orderedReferences__mJr9M"> <li class="ArticleReferences_articleReference__ouEuh" id="B1"> <div class="referenceContent"> <p class="referenceText">g . j . 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