咽下的腺的组织化学比较api cerana腔上囊,1793名工人的蜜蜂和林奈,1758名工人</gydF4y2Batitle> <link rel="preload stylesheet" as="style" type="text/css" href="https://cdn.bibblio.org/rcm/4.28.0/bib-related-content.min.css"> <link rel="preload" href="https://static.hindawi.com/new/next_assets/2023-08-03-0017a694320dbe69a559e8120be98c/_next/static/css/b2661f2cd4bd618b.css" as="style"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://static.hindawi.com/new/next_assets/2023-08-03-0017a694320dbe69a559e8120be98c/_next/static/css/b2661f2cd4bd618b.css" data-n-g=""> <style id="__jsx-903e4b2e5d3241e4">div#__next{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-moz-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;min-height:100vh;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;-webkit-box-direction:normal;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-moz-box-orient:vertical;-moz-box-direction:normal;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column}</style> </head> <body> <div id="__next"> <section class="ant-layout"> <div> <header class="ant-layout-header"> <div 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class="articleHeader__authors_author"><strong>Guntima Suwannapong</gydF4y2Bastrong><a href="//www.newsama.com/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection" aria-label="Mail Option"><span role="img" class="anticon"> <svg version="1.0" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em" viewbox="0 0 1401 1101"> <path fill="#6ba439" d="M132.5 2.1C101.4 6 71.1 20.5 48.3 42.4c-22.7 21.7-37.5 48.3-44.6 80l-2.2 10.1v837l2.2 10.1c6.7 30 19.3 53.9 39.8 75.3 23.3 24.3 56.4 40.9 90 45 12.8 1.6 1122.2 1.6 1135 0 38.9-4.8 75.9-25.6 100-56.4 15-19.3 24.2-39 29.8-63.9l2.2-10.1v-837l-2.2-10.1c-7.1-31.8-21.9-58.3-44.6-80.1-20.2-19.2-43.9-31.7-73.6-38.5l-9.6-2.3L705 1.4c-321.9-.1-568.5.2-572.5.7zm1123.4 99.5c1.7.4 3.1 1 3.1 1.4 0 .5-125.6 87.7-279 194L700.9 490.2 422 297C268.5 190.7 143 103.4 143 103c0-.5 1-1.1 2.3-1.3 3.5-.7 1107.1-.8 1110.6-.1zM401 404c164.4 113.8 299.4 207 300 207 .6 0 135.6-93.2 300.1-207 164.5-113.9 299.3-207 299.5-207 .2 0 .4 170.9.4 379.7 0 417.9.5 386-6.1 398.3-6.2 11.6-19 21.4-31.9 24.4-5.8 1.4-67.4 1.6-562 1.6s-556.2-.2-562-1.6c-12.9-3-25.7-12.8-31.9-24.4-6.6-12.3-6.1 19.6-6.1-398.3 0-208.8.2-379.7.5-379.7S236.6 290.1 401 404z"></path> </svg></span></a><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3180-4103" aria-label="Redirect to Doi" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"><span role="img" class="anticon"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 256 256" xml:space="preserve" width="1em" height="1em"> <path d="M256 128c0 70.7-57.3 128-128 128S0 198.7 0 128 57.3 0 128 0s128 57.3 128 128z" fill="#a6ce39"></path> <path d="M86.3 186.2H70.9V79.1h15.4v107.1zm22.6-107.1h41.6c39.6 0 57 28.3 57 53.6 0 27.5-21.5 53.6-56.8 53.6h-41.8V79.1zm15.4 93.3h24.5c34.9 0 42.9-26.5 42.9-39.7C191.7 111.2 178 93 148 93h-23.7v79.4zM88.7 56.8c0 5.5-4.5 10.1-10.1 10.1s-10.1-4.6-10.1-10.1c0-5.6 4.5-10.1 10.1-10.1s10.1 4.6 10.1 10.1z" fill="#fff"></path> </svg></span></a>,<gydF4y2Basup>1</gydF4y2Basup></span> <span class="articleHeader__authors_author">Saichon Chaiwongwattanakul<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<gydF4y2Basup>1</gydF4y2Basup></span> <span class="articleHeader__authors_author">和<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->马克·埃里克·本堡<gydF4y2Basup>2</gydF4y2Basup></span> </div> <div class="simpleShowMore"> <button class="simpleShowMore__button">显示更多</bgydF4y2Bautton> </div> <div class="articleHeader__academicEditor"> <strong>学术编辑器:</gydF4y2Bastrong> <span>戴安娜·e·惠勒</gydF4y2Baspan> </div> <div class="articleHeader__timeline"> <div class="articleHeader__timeline_item "> <strong>收到了</gydF4y2Bastrong> <span>09年4月2010年</gydF4y2Baspan> </div> <div class="articleHeader__timeline_item "> <strong>修改后的</gydF4y2Bastrong> <span>09年7月2010年</gydF4y2Baspan> </div> <div class="articleHeader__timeline_item "> <strong>接受</gydF4y2Bastrong> <span>2010年8月3日</gydF4y2Baspan> </div> <div class="articleHeader__timeline_item articleHeader__timeline_item_sticky"> <strong>发表</gydF4y2Bastrong> <span>2010年9月07</gydF4y2Baspan> </div> </div> </div> <div class="articleBody"> <div class="xml-content"> <h4 class="header" id="abstract">文摘</gydF4y2Bah4> <p>咽下的腺体蜜蜂的年龄相关性结构变化与腺泡的大小和与各种社会行为。的组织化学结构<gydF4y2Bai>api cerana</gydF4y2Bai>和<gydF4y2Bai>蜜蜂</gydF4y2Bai>工人咽下的腺体在四个不同的发展阶段韦斯沾茚三酮希夫和高碘酸希夫试剂(PAS)本地化的蛋白质和碳水化合物,分别与光学显微镜检查。护士的蜜蜂蜜蜂物种明显更大的腺体与警卫和伪造者相比,但这两个物种之间没有显著差异后占种姓。腺蛋白浓度逐渐增加护士蜜蜂,这是相关的外观丰富蛋白质颗粒在细胞质中。此外,咽下的腺蛋白的浓度<gydF4y2Bai>蜜蜂</gydF4y2Bai>高于<gydF4y2Bai>答:cerana</gydF4y2Bai>尽管腺大小没有明显不同的物种之间。然而,腺大小显示了逐步在觅食和警卫。</gydF4y2Bap> <span class="end-abs"></span> <h4 id="introduction">1。介绍</gydF4y2Bah4> <p>咽下的腺体(高压天然气)的发展矮蜜蜂工人主要取决于年龄。这些腺体开始区分在蛹的阶段,主要是未开发的出现<一个href="#B1">1</一个>]。当工人们成为护士的蜜蜂,他们执行小鸡饲养与高压天然气开发相关联。高压天然气与腺体的大小生产,一般随着年龄的增加从6到18天护士蜜蜂(<一个href="#B6">2</一个>,<一个href="#B7">3</一个>]。高压天然气合成和分泌蛋白质的物质,蜂王浆,美联储向女王和沉思<一个href="#B7">3</一个>]。最高的蛋白质合成率发生在护理年龄从8到16天<一个href="#B8">4</一个>,<一个href="#B9">5</一个>]。在蜜蜂18天以上(警卫和觅食),高压天然气减少相当的规模和分泌酶等<gydF4y2Basvg height="7.1750002" id="M1" style="vertical-align:-0.1254pt;width:8.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.9375 7.1750002" width="8.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.175)"> <g transform="translate(72,-66.26)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>-glucosidases,亮氨酸arylamidase和转化酶(<一个href="#B2">6</一个>- - - - - -<一个href="#B5">9</一个>]。抢劫者腺大小减少,与腺活动(<一个href="#B7">3</一个>,<一个href="#B8">4</一个>]。我们以前演示了蛋白质和碳水化合物的位置在矮蜜蜂工人在不同年龄段的高压天然气(<一个href="#B1">1</一个>]。由几个分泌apparati腺体。每个打开成一个分泌管,然后通过口器。在蛹,分泌细胞不规则形状与低浓度蛋白质和碳水化合物而护士蜜蜂和觅食的腺体发育完全了大量分泌囊泡(<一个href="#B1">1</一个>]。在这项研究中,我们测量腺腺泡的大小,研究了蛋白质浓度在咽下的腺体,和确定的位置咽下的腺工人的蛋白质和碳水化合物<gydF4y2Bai>api cerana</gydF4y2Bai>和<gydF4y2Bai>蜜蜂</gydF4y2Bai>。</gydF4y2Bap> <h4 id="materials-and-methods">2。材料和方法</gydF4y2Bah4> <h5 id="sec2.1">2.1。蜜蜂</gydF4y2Bah5> <p><i>api cerana</gydF4y2Bai>和<gydF4y2Bai>蜜蜂</gydF4y2Bai>收集不同年龄的工人从Samut Songkarm省,泰国<gydF4y2Bai>。</gydF4y2Bai>蛹(暗棕色眼睛的阶段)从细胞被抓住。护士蜜蜂被从他们的殖民地时喂小鸡。警卫从蜂巢入口前的收集。觅食(蜜蜂花粉负荷)在殖民地被抓获。</gydF4y2Bap> <h5 id="sec2.2">2.2。腺大小测量</gydF4y2Bah5> <p>测量腺大小是由护士蜜蜂,警卫和觅食。在立体显微镜,人生的每个阶段都被从头部的高压天然气使用修改后的叶片,然后转移到昆虫生理盐水(氯化钠8.766 g。,CaCl<gydF4y2Basub>2</gydF4y2Basub>0.188 g。,KCl 0.746 g., MgCl<sub>2</gydF4y2Basub>0.407 g。,NaHCO<gydF4y2Basub>3</gydF4y2Basub>0.336 g。,sucrose 30.807 g., and trehalose 1.892 g., pH 7.6). Using a micrometer, gland diameters were measured (width and length) under light microscopy.</p> <h5 id="sec2.3">2.3。制备的蛋白质样品</gydF4y2Bah5> <p>十个工蜂采集代表每个物种和麻醉干冰。从高压天然气中提取蛋白质被修改从李的工作等。<一个href="#B5">9</一个>]。腺体被转移到50<gydF4y2Basvg height="9.6750002" id="M2" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:9.6374998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.6374998 9.6750002" width="9.6374998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,9.675)"> <g transform="translate(72,-64.26)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>L 0.1磷酸盐缓冲剂(PB) pH值7.8 1.5毫升微型离心机管,均质10分钟在冰上,用了2分钟,然后在1500转离心10分钟<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.825" id="M3" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:12.3875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 12.3875 10.825" width="12.3875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.825)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.34)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.39)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 4</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.7,68.56)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ∘</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>上层清液被转移到另一个管。颗粒resuspended在10<gydF4y2Basvg height="9.6750002" id="M4" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:9.6374998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.6374998 9.6750002" width="9.6374998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,9.675)"> <g transform="translate(72,-64.26)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>L PB然后在1500转离心10分钟<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.825" id="M5" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:12.3875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 12.3875 10.825" width="12.3875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.825)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.34)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.39)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 4</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.7,68.56)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ∘</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>c这个再悬浮的上层清液被添加到前面的浮层和存储<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.825" id="M6" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:12.3875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 12.3875 10.825" width="12.3875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.825)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.34)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.39)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 4</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.7,68.56)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ∘</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>C。</gydF4y2Bap> <h5 id="sec2.4">2.4。蛋白质的测定</gydF4y2Bah5> <p>腺均质,离心机在1000转2分钟。分析了上层清液使用布拉德福德蛋白质测定[<一个href="#B10">10</一个>]。标准曲线是准备使用牛血清白蛋白(BSA)和吸光度测量在595海里一个空白试剂用日本岛津公司紫外可见分光光度计(uv - 1610)。蛋白质的浓度(BSA)策划与对应的吸光度值来生成一个标准曲线线性回归。</gydF4y2Bap> <h5 id="sec2.5">2.5。组织化学的研究</gydF4y2Bah5> <p>蜜蜂的每个发展阶段在昆虫解剖生理盐水(氯化钠7.5 g / L, Na<gydF4y2Basub>2</gydF4y2Basub>HPO<gydF4y2Basub>4</gydF4y2Basub>2.38 g / L, KH<gydF4y2Basub>2</gydF4y2Basub>阿宝<gydF4y2Basub>4</gydF4y2Basub>2.72 g / L),然后固定在Bouin 24小时的解决方案。样本通过酒精脱水系列:70%,90%,95%,100%为10分钟。样本在二甲苯中浸泡一个小时,然后嵌入石蜡。组织被分为6<gydF4y2Basvg height="9.6750002" id="M7" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:9.6374998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.6374998 9.6750002" width="9.6374998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,9.675)"> <g transform="translate(72,-64.26)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>米厚度使用旋转式切片机(德国徕卡),与苏木精和伊红染色,并提交过碘酸希夫试剂(PAS)和茚三酮品红试剂对本地化的碳水化合物和蛋白质,分别。</gydF4y2Bap> <h5 id="sec2.6">2.6。数据分析</gydF4y2Bah5> <p>咽下的统计差异意味着腺大小和蛋白质浓度比较用方差分析和邓肯的多个测试(DMRT)。</gydF4y2Bap> <h4 id="results">3所示。结果</gydF4y2Bah4> <h5 id="sec3.1">3.1。腺大小</gydF4y2Bah5> <p>腺的腺泡开始发展在蛹的阶段,在成人阶段的规模增长。的大小(宽度和长度)两个物种的腺泡是护士最大的蜜蜂,然后逐渐减少从护士到警卫(表<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/psyche/2010/181025/tab1/" target="_blank">1</一个>)。然而,腺泡大小略有增加时,改变了他们的任务成为觅食。腺泡的宽度没有明显差异<gydF4y2Bai>答:cerana</gydF4y2Bai>和<gydF4y2Bai>蜜蜂</gydF4y2Bai>(<gydF4y2Basvg height="16.262501" id="M8" style="vertical-align:-4.37273pt;width:155.2375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 155.2375 16.262501" width="155.2375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.2625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-58.99)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.4)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.22,60.27)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.4696636" y="0"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-46.39,63.4)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.405136" y="0"> 6</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.656635" y="0"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.908134" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="47.448887" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="58.351501" y="0"> <</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="70.391891" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="73.517639" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="79.769142" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="86.020638" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="92.272141" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)。然而,宽度有显著差异在不同生命阶段(<gydF4y2Basvg height="15.775" id="M9" style="vertical-align:-4.37273pt;width:27.725px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 27.725 15.775" width="27.725" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,15.775)"> <g transform="translate(72,-59.38)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.22,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.4696636" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg> <svg height="13" id="M10" style="vertical-align:-1.76814pt;width:223.8125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 223.8125 13" width="223.8125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.6)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.41)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.530886" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.656635" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.908134" y="0"> 4</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.159637" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="49.536884" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="60.439503" y="0"> <</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="72.479889" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="75.605644" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="81.85714" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="88.108643" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="94.360138" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="100.61164" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="114.15239" y="0"> 一个</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="119.70372" y="0"> n</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="125.95522" y="0"> d</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="144.70972" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="154.39955" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="166.43994" y="0"> 4</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="172.69144" y="0"> 8</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)。相比之下,高压天然气的腺泡的长度显示统计学意义这两个物种之间的差异和发展阶段(<gydF4y2Basvg height="16.137501" id="M11" style="vertical-align:-4.37273pt;width:309.60001px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 309.60001 16.137501" width="309.60001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.1375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-59.09)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.22,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.4696636" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-46.39,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 8</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.405136" y="0"> 4</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.656635" y="0"> 8</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.908134" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="43.285385" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="49.536884" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="55.788387" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="58.914135" y="0"> 9</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="65.165634" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="71.417137" y="0"> ;</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="81.14447" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="92.047089" y="0"> <</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="104.07497" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="107.20072" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="113.45222" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="119.70372" y="0"> 4</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="125.95522" y="0"> 8</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="132.20673" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="145.75998" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="148.88573" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="155.13722" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="161.38872" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="167.64023" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="173.89172" y="0"> ;</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="183.61906" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="193.30888" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="205.33676" y="0"> 4</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="211.58827" y="0"> 8</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="217.83977" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg><i>。</gydF4y2Bai></p> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="tab1"> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">表1</gydF4y2Baspan> <a aria-label="View full page" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/psyche/2010/181025/tab1/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> 咽下的腺大小(的意思<gydF4y2Basvg height="9.3249998" id="M12" style="vertical-align:-1.09097pt;width:13.4375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 13.4375 9.3249998" width="13.4375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,9.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-64.54)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,65.67)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ±</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>S.E.)<gydF4y2Bai>答:cerana</gydF4y2Bai>和<gydF4y2Bai>蜜蜂</gydF4y2Bai>工人在生活的不同阶段:护士,抢劫者,警卫。</dgydF4y2Baiv> <a class="table-thumb-overlay" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/psyche/2010/181025/tab1" target="_blank" aria-label="View full page"></a> </div> </div> <h5 id="sec3.2">3.2。蛋白质含量</gydF4y2Bah5> <p>平均总蛋白质含量的咽下的腺体取自三个发展阶段<gydF4y2Bai>蜜蜂</gydF4y2Bai>明显高于<gydF4y2Bai>答:cerana</gydF4y2Bai>(<gydF4y2Basvg height="16.137501" id="M31" style="vertical-align:-4.37273pt;width:163.05px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 163.05 16.137501" width="163.05" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.1375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-59.09)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.22,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.4696636" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-46.39,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> 8</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.530886" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.656635" y="0"> 8</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.908134" y="0"> 8</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.159637" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="53.700386" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="64.603004" y="0"> <</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="76.643387" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="79.769142" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="86.020638" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="92.272141" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="98.523643" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)(图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/psyche/2010/181025/fig2/" target="_blank">2</一个>)。蛋白质含量最高的被发现在护士的蜜蜂<gydF4y2Bai>蜜蜂</gydF4y2Bai>这是<gydF4y2Basvg height="14.2875" id="M32" style="vertical-align:-2.7337pt;width:294.08749px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 294.08749 14.2875" width="294.08749" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.2875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.57)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.2515001" y="0"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.503" y="0"> 8</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.754499" y="0"> 9</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.006001" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.13175" y="0"> 6</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="41.322414" y="0"> ±</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="56.838638" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="63.090137" y="0"> 5</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="69.341637" y="0"> 8</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="75.59314" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="78.718887" y="0"> 9</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="87.045883" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="94.66021" y="0"> g</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="100.91171" y="0"> /</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="104.38755" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="112.00188" y="0"> l</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="123.81721" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="127.98071" y="0"> 6</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="134.23221" y="0"> 9</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="140.4837" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="143.60945" y="0"> 5</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="160.96362" y="0"> ±</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="176.47984" y="0"> 8</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="182.73134" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="185.8571" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="194.19659" y="0"> 米</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="203.92393" y="0"> g</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="210.17543" y="0"> /</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="213.65126" y="0"> b</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="219.90277" y="0"> e</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="225.4541" y="0"> e</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="231.00543" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。蛋白(显示与茚三酮品红试剂)减少浓度在以后的发展阶段。相比之下,在警卫发现蛋白质浓度最低的<gydF4y2Bai>答:cerana</gydF4y2Bai>这是<gydF4y2Basvg height="14.2875" id="M33" style="vertical-align:-2.7337pt;width:258.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 258.9375 14.2875" width="258.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.2875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.57)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 4</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.2515001" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.503" y="0"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.754499" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.880251" y="0"> 8</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.907415" y="0"> ±</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.247639" y="0"> 5</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="48.499138" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="51.624886" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="59.96439" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="67.578712" y="0"> g</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="73.830215" y="0"> /</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="77.306046" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="84.92038" y="0"> l</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="96.723206" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="100.8867" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="107.13821" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="113.38971" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="116.51546" y="0"> 7</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="129.71863" y="0"> ±</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="141.05885" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="147.31035" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="150.4361" y="0"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="158.76309" y="0"> 米</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="168.49043" y="0"> g</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="174.74193" y="0"> /</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="178.21776" y="0"> b</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="184.46927" y="0"> e</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="190.0206" y="0"> e</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="195.57193" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/psyche/2010/181025/fig2/" target="_blank">2</一个>)。蛋白质含量有显著差异的发展阶段<gydF4y2Bai>蜜蜂</gydF4y2Bai>和<gydF4y2Bai>答:cerana</gydF4y2Bai> <svg height="14.8625" id="M34" style="vertical-align:-3.25793pt;width:252.10001px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 252.10001 14.8625" width="252.10001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.8625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.11)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.41)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-60.06,60.28)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.5640001" y="0"> 5</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-45.15,63.41)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.530886" y="0"> 7</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.782387" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.908134" y="0"> 8</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.159637" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="46.411137" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="59.96439" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="70.867004" y="0"> <</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="82.89489" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="86.020638" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="92.272141" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="98.523643" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="104.77514" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="114.15239" y="0"> 一个</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="119.70372" y="0"> n</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="125.95522" y="0"> d</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="140.54622" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="150.23605" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="162.27644" y="0"> 4</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="168.52794" y="0"> 9</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/psyche/2010/181025/fig1/" target="_blank">1</一个>)。</gydF4y2Bap> <div class="partial-carousel-wrapper"> <div class="floats-partial-section"> <div class="floats-partial-content"> <div class="partial-carousel--full-image partial-carousel-418df576f9f6011c42135b7e97db53ad"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/psyche/volume-2010/181025/figures/181025.fig.001.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs"> <div class="partial-carousel-dots-418df576f9f6011c42135b7e97db53ad partial-carousel-thumbnail"> <button aria-label="Slide to " class="partial-carousel-dot"><img loading="lazy" alt="" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/psyche/volume-2010/181025/thumbnails/181025.fig.001_th.jpg"><br><strong></strong></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle--nav"> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev-418df576f9f6011c42135b7e97db53ad partial-carousel-next-prev"> <button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-prev"></button> <button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-next"></button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图1</gydF4y2Baspan> <a aria-label="View full page" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/psyche/2010/181025/fig1/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>的意思是<米一个th id="M35" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mo> </mo> <mo> </mo> <mo> ±</米o> <mo> </mo> <mo> </mo> </math>S.E.蛋白质的浓度<gydF4y2Bai>答:cerana</gydF4y2Bai>和<gydF4y2Bai>蜜蜂</gydF4y2Bai>咽下的腺体在不同的发展阶段:护士,后卫,和抢劫者。竖线与不同字母表示差异显著(ANOVA-Duncan多个范围测试;<米一个th id="M36" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mi> F</米i> <mo> =</米o> <mn> 217.82</米n> <mo> ,</米o> <mi> </mi> <mi> </mi> <mi> d</米i> <mi> f</米i> <mo> =</米o> <mn> 5</米n> <mo> ,</米o> <mi> </mi> <mi> P</米i> <mo> <</米o> <mo> 。</米o> <mn> 0001年</米n> <mo> ,</米o> <mi> </mi> <mi> </mi> <mi> n</米i> <mo> =</米o> <mn> 49</米n> </math>)。</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="partial-carousel-wrapper"> <div class="floats-partial-section"> <div class="floats-partial-content"> <div class="partial-carousel--full-image partial-carousel-94eec786644ecbd2139e78c5ef9ed08e"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="(a)一段护士蜜蜂在api cerana显示咽下的腺的位置位于旁边的复眼和靠近下颌腺(40 x)gydF4y2Ba" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/psyche/volume-2010/181025/figures/181025.fig.002a.jpg"> <br> <strong>(a)一段护士蜜蜂在api cerana显示咽下的腺的位置位于旁边的复眼和靠近下颌腺(40 x)</gydF4y2Bastrong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="(b)的一段咽下的腺的蛹api cerana工人显示不完整的形状不规则的分泌单位(1000倍)gydF4y2Ba" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/psyche/volume-2010/181025/figures/181025.fig.002b.jpg"> <br> <strong>(b)的一段咽下的腺的蛹api cerana工人显示不完整的形状不规则的分泌单位(1000倍)</gydF4y2Bastrong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="(c)的显微照片显示了完全咽下的腺的分泌单位a cerana护士蜜蜂,细胞质中含有大量的蛋白质的特征是染色purple-pink颜色与NHS(200倍)gydF4y2Ba" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/psyche/volume-2010/181025/figures/181025.fig.002c.jpg"> <br> <strong>(c)的显微照片显示了完全咽下的腺的分泌单位a cerana护士蜜蜂,细胞质中含有大量的蛋白质的特征是染色purple-pink颜色与NHS(200倍)</gydF4y2Bastrong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="(d)显微照片已经被组织化学染色方法NHS展示存在的蛋白质染色红色到紫色粉红色意大利蜜蜂的腺体分泌细胞的护士蜜蜂(200倍)gydF4y2Ba" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/psyche/volume-2010/181025/figures/181025.fig.002d.jpg"> <br> <strong>(d)显微照片已经被组织化学染色方法NHS展示存在的蛋白质染色红色到紫色粉红色意大利蜜蜂的腺体分泌细胞的护士蜜蜂(200倍)</gydF4y2Bastrong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="(e)显微照片显示的组织化学的外观的完整开发腺的分泌单位A cerana警卫;胞浆染粉红色了。NHS技术显示狭窄的细胞外空间相邻腺泡的细胞被白色互相分离(100倍)gydF4y2Ba" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/psyche/volume-2010/181025/figures/181025.fig.002e.jpg"> <br> <strong>(e)显微照片显示的组织化学的外观的完整开发腺的分泌单位A cerana警卫;胞浆染粉红色了。NHS技术显示狭窄的细胞外空间相邻腺泡的细胞被白色互相分离(100倍)</gydF4y2Bastrong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="蜜蜂(f)的组织化学显微照片抢劫者的细胞质分泌细胞包含一个变量数量的分泌囊泡与NHS (100 x)几乎是清白的gydF4y2Ba" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/psyche/volume-2010/181025/figures/181025.fig.002f.jpg"> <br> <strong>蜜蜂(f)的组织化学显微照片抢劫者的细胞质分泌细胞包含一个变量数量的分泌囊泡与NHS (100 x)几乎是清白的</gydF4y2Bastrong> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs"> <div class="partial-carousel-dots-94eec786644ecbd2139e78c5ef9ed08e partial-carousel-thumbnail"> <button aria-label="Slide to (a) A section of a nurse bee head in Apis cerana showing the location of the hypopharyngeal gland located beside the compound eye and close to the mandibular gland (40x)" class="partial-carousel-dot"><img loading="lazy" alt="(a)一段护士蜜蜂在api cerana显示咽下的腺的位置位于旁边的复眼和靠近下颌腺(40 x)gydF4y2Ba" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/psyche/volume-2010/181025/thumbnails/181025.fig.002a_th.jpg"><br><strong>(a)一段护士蜜蜂在api cerana显示咽下的腺的位置位于旁边的复眼和靠近下颌腺(40 x)</gydF4y2Bastrong></button> <button aria-label="Slide to (b) A section of the hypopharyngeal gland of pupa of Apis cerana worker showing the incomplete irregular shaped secretory units (1000x)" class="partial-carousel-dot"><img loading="lazy" alt="(b)的一段咽下的腺的蛹api cerana工人显示不完整的形状不规则的分泌单位(1000倍)gydF4y2Ba" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/psyche/volume-2010/181025/thumbnails/181025.fig.002b_th.jpg"><br><strong>(b)的一段咽下的腺的蛹api cerana工人显示不完整的形状不规则的分泌单位(1000倍)</gydF4y2Bastrong></button> <button aria-label="Slide to (c) The micrograph illustrates the secretory units of the complete hypopharyngeal gland of A. cerana nurse bee, the cytoplasm containing a large amount of proteins is characterized by staining purple-pink color with NHS (200x)" class="partial-carousel-dot"><img loading="lazy" alt="(c)的显微照片显示了完全咽下的腺的分泌单位a cerana护士蜜蜂,细胞质中含有大量的蛋白质的特征是染色purple-pink颜色与NHS(200倍)gydF4y2Ba" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/psyche/volume-2010/181025/thumbnails/181025.fig.002c_th.jpg"><br><strong>(c)的显微照片显示了完全咽下的腺的分泌单位a cerana护士蜜蜂,细胞质中含有大量的蛋白质的特征是染色purple-pink颜色与NHS(200倍)</gydF4y2Bastrong></button> <button aria-label="Slide to (d) The micrograph has been stained by a histochemical method NHS to demonstrate the presence of proteins which are stained magenta to purple pink in the secretory cells of the glands of A. mellifera nurse bee (200x)" class="partial-carousel-dot"><img loading="lazy" alt="(d)显微照片已经被组织化学染色方法NHS展示存在的蛋白质染色红色到紫色粉红色意大利蜜蜂的腺体分泌细胞的护士蜜蜂(200倍)gydF4y2Ba" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/psyche/volume-2010/181025/thumbnails/181025.fig.002d_th.jpg"><br><strong>(d)显微照片已经被组织化学染色方法NHS展示存在的蛋白质染色红色到紫色粉红色意大利蜜蜂的腺体分泌细胞的护士蜜蜂(200倍)</gydF4y2Bastrong></button> <button aria-label="Slide to (e) A micrograph showing the histochemical appearance of the secretory units of the complete developed gland of an A. cerana guard; the cytoplasm is stained pink with NHS technique showing the narrow extracellular space between adjacent acinar cells seen by white color separating them from each other (100x)" class="partial-carousel-dot"><img loading="lazy" alt="(e)显微照片显示的组织化学的外观的完整开发腺的分泌单位A cerana警卫;胞浆染粉红色了。NHS技术显示狭窄的细胞外空间相邻腺泡的细胞被白色互相分离(100倍)gydF4y2Ba" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/psyche/volume-2010/181025/thumbnails/181025.fig.002e_th.jpg"><br><strong>(e)显微照片显示的组织化学的外观的完整开发腺的分泌单位A cerana警卫;胞浆染粉红色了。NHS技术显示狭窄的细胞外空间相邻腺泡的细胞被白色互相分离(100倍)</gydF4y2Bastrong></button> <button aria-label="Slide to (f) A histochemical micrograph of an A. mellifera forager showing the cytoplasm of the secretory cell seen to contain a variable numbers of secretory vesicles that are almost unstained with NHS (100x)" class="partial-carousel-dot"><img loading="lazy" alt="蜜蜂(f)的组织化学显微照片抢劫者的细胞质分泌细胞包含一个变量数量的分泌囊泡与NHS (100 x)几乎是清白的gydF4y2Ba" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/psyche/volume-2010/181025/thumbnails/181025.fig.002f_th.jpg"><br><strong>蜜蜂(f)的组织化学显微照片抢劫者的细胞质分泌细胞包含一个变量数量的分泌囊泡与NHS (100 x)几乎是清白的</gydF4y2Bastrong></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle--nav"> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev-94eec786644ecbd2139e78c5ef9ed08e partial-carousel-next-prev"> <button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-prev"></button> <button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-next"></button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图2</gydF4y2Baspan> <a aria-label="View full page" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/psyche/2010/181025/fig2/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>光学显微镜显微图的咽下的腺腺泡沾茚三酮品红试剂(NHS)。<gydF4y2Bai>缩写<bgydF4y2Ba>:</bgydF4y2Ba></i>ac:小核果;公司:复眼;例:细胞外空间;惠普:咽下的腺;m:下颌腺;n:核;vs:泡。</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> <h5 id="sec3.3">3.3。组织化学定位结构的蛋白质</gydF4y2Bah5> <p>蛋白质的组织化学结构<gydF4y2Bai>答:cerana</gydF4y2Bai>和<gydF4y2Bai>蜜蜂</gydF4y2Bai>比较类似的生命阶段。在这两个物种,几簇腺泡被连接到一个细长的分泌管。每个腺泡组成的8 - 10聚合分泌细胞和腺体的一个不完整的形状不规则的与不平等的分泌细胞分泌单位。然而,有差异的阶段<gydF4y2Bai>答:cerana</gydF4y2Bai>或<gydF4y2Bai>蜜蜂</gydF4y2Bai>。组织化学染色显示腺体细胞胞浆丰富的分泌囊泡和糖蛋白分泌物。</gydF4y2Bap> <h6 id="sec3.3.1">3.3.1。蛹</gydF4y2Bah6> <p>咽下的腺发达,形成一个小核果。分泌的腺体是一个不完整的结构单元组成的不规则的形状和8 - 10分泌细胞。每个细胞都有一个椭圆形的细胞核染色绿色。略粉红色细胞质中可以看到这个阶段,但分泌囊泡不出现(图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/psyche/2010/181025/fig2/" target="_blank">2 (b)</一个>)。</gydF4y2Bap> <h6 id="sec3.3.2">3.3.2。护士的蜜蜂</gydF4y2Bah6> <p>每个腺泡由许多小泡,不沾希夫氏反应。这些白色的和明确的囊泡腺泡细胞的细胞核周围被发现。强烈积极希夫氏染色在细胞质分泌细胞的边缘被发现。茚三酮希夫氏染色明显区分的清白的囊泡外围区域的细胞质,细胞核与粉红染色强阳性。然而,一些泡洋红染色(数字领域<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/psyche/2010/181025/fig2/" target="_blank">2 (c)</一个>和<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/psyche/2010/181025/fig2/" target="_blank">2 (d)</一个>)。</gydF4y2Bap> <h6 id="sec3.3.3">3.3.3。警卫</gydF4y2Bah6> <p>在守卫,一些高压天然气证明退步的开始通过不规则的分泌细胞的形成。保卫细胞质染色弱与茚三酮品红试剂比护士的强染色蜜蜂和觅食。即使是分泌囊泡的守卫比护士小蜜蜂或觅食,囊泡是细长,圆柱形状。更广泛的细胞外空间之间的两个相邻分泌细胞在这个阶段(图清楚地看到<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/psyche/2010/181025/fig2/" target="_blank">2 (e)</一个>)。</gydF4y2Bap> <h6 id="sec3.3.4">3.3.4。觅食</gydF4y2Bah6> <p>腺体是由几个小腺泡比护士的蜜蜂,但比那些警卫。每个腺泡由8 - 10锥体分泌细胞,用茚三酮椭圆形的细胞核染色阳性品红试剂领域的常染色质。分泌细胞的细胞质中,除了小泡,强烈品红染色时积极与茚三酮品红试剂(图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/psyche/2010/181025/fig2/" target="_blank">2 (f)</一个>)。</gydF4y2Bap> <h5 id="sec3.4">3.4。组织化学定位结构的碳水化合物</gydF4y2Bah5> <p>高压天然气的碳水化合物水平的四个阶段<gydF4y2Bai>答:cerana</gydF4y2Bai>和<gydF4y2Bai>蜜蜂</gydF4y2Bai>工人们相似。不是腺体染色强阳性,表明碳水化合物(人物的存在<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/psyche/2010/181025/fig3/" target="_blank">3(一个)</一个>和<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/psyche/2010/181025/fig3/" target="_blank">3 (b)</一个>)。然而,有清晰的发展阶段在这两个物种之间的区别。</gydF4y2Bap> <div class="partial-carousel-wrapper"> <div class="floats-partial-section"> <div class="floats-partial-content"> <div class="partial-carousel--full-image partial-carousel-7c77392e1349cba2c683aa7d280def41"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="(a)的高分辨率显微图a . cerana护士蜜蜂咽下的腺分泌囊泡周围的彩色pink-purple(1000倍)gydF4y2Ba" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/psyche/volume-2010/181025/figures/181025.fig.003a.jpg"> <br> <strong>(a)的高分辨率显微图a . cerana护士蜜蜂咽下的腺分泌囊泡周围的彩色pink-purple(1000倍)</gydF4y2Bastrong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="(b)的一段咽下的腺的蜜蜂工人护士蜜蜂显示分泌细胞的细胞质中含有数量可变的分泌囊泡,PAS染色红粉。亮绿色的椭圆形的细胞核染色苍白的绿色(1000倍)gydF4y2Ba" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/psyche/volume-2010/181025/figures/181025.fig.003b.jpg"> <br> <strong>(b)的一段咽下的腺的蜜蜂工人护士蜜蜂显示分泌细胞的细胞质中含有数量可变的分泌囊泡,PAS染色红粉。亮绿色的椭圆形的细胞核染色苍白的绿色(1000倍)</gydF4y2Bastrong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="(c)的内侧部分完全发达的腺泡的腺A cerana护士蜜蜂显示一个集群的几个分泌单位。分泌细胞的细胞质中,PAS染色粉红色和细胞大核。(100倍)gydF4y2Ba" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/psyche/volume-2010/181025/figures/181025.fig.003c.jpg"> <br> <strong>(c)的内侧部分完全发达的腺泡的腺A cerana护士蜜蜂显示一个集群的几个分泌单位。分泌细胞的细胞质中,PAS染色粉红色和细胞大核。(100倍)</gydF4y2Bastrong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="(d)意大利蜜蜂的咽下的腺的分泌单位抢劫者规模较小的分泌囊泡含有更少的碳水化合物。这些特点是,PAS染色略红粉,显示了广阔的细胞外空间相邻腺泡的细胞被白色分离从其他分泌细胞(100倍)gydF4y2Ba" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/psyche/volume-2010/181025/figures/181025.fig.003d.jpg"> <br> <strong>(d)意大利蜜蜂的咽下的腺的分泌单位抢劫者规模较小的分泌囊泡含有更少的碳水化合物。这些特点是,PAS染色略红粉,显示了广阔的细胞外空间相邻腺泡的细胞被白色分离从其他分泌细胞(100倍)</gydF4y2Bastrong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="蜜蜂(e)更高的放大倍数的卫队,分泌囊泡的分泌细胞包含各种大小不染色比护士不是蜜蜂(200倍)gydF4y2Ba" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/psyche/volume-2010/181025/figures/181025.fig.003e.jpg"> <br> <strong>蜜蜂(e)更高的放大倍数的卫队,分泌囊泡的分泌细胞包含各种大小不染色比护士不是蜜蜂(200倍)</gydF4y2Bastrong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="(f)的内侧部分咽下的腺的A . cerana警卫队显示收缩和受损的质膜(400倍)gydF4y2Ba" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/psyche/volume-2010/181025/figures/181025.fig.003f.jpg"> <br> <strong>(f)的内侧部分咽下的腺的A . cerana警卫队显示收缩和受损的质膜(400倍)</gydF4y2Bastrong> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs"> <div class="partial-carousel-dots-7c77392e1349cba2c683aa7d280def41 partial-carousel-thumbnail"> <button aria-label="Slide to (a) High-resolution micrograph of the A. cerana nurse bee hypopharyngeal gland stained pink-purple surrounding the secretory vesicles (1000x)" class="partial-carousel-dot"><img loading="lazy" alt="(a)的高分辨率显微图a . cerana护士蜜蜂咽下的腺分泌囊泡周围的彩色pink-purple(1000倍)gydF4y2Ba" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/psyche/volume-2010/181025/thumbnails/181025.fig.003a_th.jpg"><br><strong>(a)的高分辨率显微图a . cerana护士蜜蜂咽下的腺分泌囊泡周围的彩色pink-purple(1000倍)</gydF4y2Bastrong></button> <button aria-label="Slide to (b) A section of the hypopharyngeal gland of an A. mellifera worker nurse bee showing the cytoplasm of the secretory cell containing a variable number of secretory vesicles which is stained red-pink with PAS. The oval nucleus stains pale greenish with light green (1000x)" class="partial-carousel-dot"><img loading="lazy" alt="(b)的一段咽下的腺的蜜蜂工人护士蜜蜂显示分泌细胞的细胞质中含有数量可变的分泌囊泡,PAS染色红粉。亮绿色的椭圆形的细胞核染色苍白的绿色(1000倍)gydF4y2Ba" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/psyche/volume-2010/181025/thumbnails/181025.fig.003b_th.jpg"><br><strong>(b)的一段咽下的腺的蜜蜂工人护士蜜蜂显示分泌细胞的细胞质中含有数量可变的分泌囊泡,PAS染色红粉。亮绿色的椭圆形的细胞核染色苍白的绿色(1000倍)</gydF4y2Bastrong></button> <button aria-label="Slide to (c) A medial section of the completely developed acinar gland of A. cerana nurse bee showing a cluster of several secretory units. The secretory cell cytoplasm is stained pink with PAS and the cell has a large nucleus. (100x)" class="partial-carousel-dot"><img loading="lazy" alt="(c)的内侧部分完全发达的腺泡的腺A cerana护士蜜蜂显示一个集群的几个分泌单位。分泌细胞的细胞质中,PAS染色粉红色和细胞大核。(100倍)gydF4y2Ba" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/psyche/volume-2010/181025/thumbnails/181025.fig.003c_th.jpg"><br><strong>(c)的内侧部分完全发达的腺泡的腺A cerana护士蜜蜂显示一个集群的几个分泌单位。分泌细胞的细胞质中,PAS染色粉红色和细胞大核。(100倍)</gydF4y2Bastrong></button> <button aria-label="Slide to (d) The secretory units of the hypopharyngeal gland of A. mellifera forager showing the smaller size of secretory vesicles containing less carbohydrate. These are characterized by staining slightly red-pink with PAS and showing the wide extracellular space between adjacent acinar cells which is seen by white color separating it from the other secretory cells (100x)" class="partial-carousel-dot"><img loading="lazy" alt="(d)意大利蜜蜂的咽下的腺的分泌单位抢劫者规模较小的分泌囊泡含有更少的碳水化合物。这些特点是,PAS染色略红粉,显示了广阔的细胞外空间相邻腺泡的细胞被白色分离从其他分泌细胞(100倍)gydF4y2Ba" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/psyche/volume-2010/181025/thumbnails/181025.fig.003d_th.jpg"><br><strong>(d)意大利蜜蜂的咽下的腺的分泌单位抢劫者规模较小的分泌囊泡含有更少的碳水化合物。这些特点是,PAS染色略红粉,显示了广阔的细胞外空间相邻腺泡的细胞被白色分离从其他分泌细胞(100倍)</gydF4y2Bastrong></button> <button aria-label="Slide to (e) With a higher magnification of A. mellifera guard, the secretory cell contains various sizes of secretory vesicles which are less stained to PAS than that of nurse bee (200x)" class="partial-carousel-dot"><img loading="lazy" alt="蜜蜂(e)更高的放大倍数的卫队,分泌囊泡的分泌细胞包含各种大小不染色比护士不是蜜蜂(200倍)gydF4y2Ba" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/psyche/volume-2010/181025/thumbnails/181025.fig.003e_th.jpg"><br><strong>蜜蜂(e)更高的放大倍数的卫队,分泌囊泡的分泌细胞包含各种大小不染色比护士不是蜜蜂(200倍)</gydF4y2Bastrong></button> <button aria-label="Slide to (f) A medial section of the hypopharyngeal gland of an A. cerana guard showing the shrinkage and damaged plasma membrane (400x)" class="partial-carousel-dot"><img loading="lazy" alt="(f)的内侧部分咽下的腺的A . cerana警卫队显示收缩和受损的质膜(400倍)gydF4y2Ba" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/psyche/volume-2010/181025/thumbnails/181025.fig.003f_th.jpg"><br><strong>(f)的内侧部分咽下的腺的A . cerana警卫队显示收缩和受损的质膜(400倍)</gydF4y2Bastrong></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle--nav"> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev-7c77392e1349cba2c683aa7d280def41 partial-carousel-next-prev"> <button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-prev"></button> <button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-next"></button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图3</gydF4y2Baspan> <a aria-label="View full page" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/psyche/2010/181025/fig3/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>光学显微镜显微图的咽下的腺腺泡沾染了不是。<gydF4y2Bai>Abbreveations:</gydF4y2Bai>bm:基底膜;例:细胞外空间;n:核;sc:分泌单位;sd:分泌管;vs:泡。</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> <h6 id="sec3.4.1">3.4.1。蛹</gydF4y2Bah6> <p>腺体开始形成一个集群的配对形状不规则的分泌单位组成的8 - 10细胞聚合。给不弱阳性染色细胞细胞质的粉红色。</gydF4y2Bap> <h6 id="sec3.4.2">3.4.2。护士的蜜蜂</gydF4y2Bah6> <p>高压天然气充分发展,由几个分泌单位8 - 10聚合锥体腺泡的细胞组成。在腺泡的细胞有很多红粉分泌囊泡显示强阳性与PAS反应和相应腺体大小(图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/psyche/2010/181025/fig3/" target="_blank">3 (c)</一个>)(表<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/psyche/2010/181025/tab1/" target="_blank">1</一个>)。</gydF4y2Bap> <h6 id="sec3.4.3">3.4.3。警卫</gydF4y2Bah6> <p>警卫,腺体结构和组织化学觅食略有不同。例如,每个腺泡组成的8 - 10细胞分泌小泡和数量也低于觅食。然而,他们显示大细胞外空间相邻细胞之间,与护士的腺体蜜蜂和觅食,那里的最小空间(数字<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/psyche/2010/181025/fig3/" target="_blank">3 (d)</一个>和<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/psyche/2010/181025/fig3/" target="_blank">3 (e)</一个>)。</gydF4y2Bap> <h6 id="sec3.4.4">3.4.4。觅食</gydF4y2Bah6> <p>腺体的觅食者显示完整结构组成的8 - 10聚合腺泡的细胞。觅食的分泌囊泡是比那些警卫。分泌囊泡的觅食蜜蜂给强阳性,PAS染色是类似于护士蜜蜂(图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/psyche/2010/181025/fig3/" target="_blank">3 (f)</一个>)。</gydF4y2Bap> <h4 id="discussion">4所示。讨论</gydF4y2Bah4> <p>蜜蜂咽下的腺体的结构取决于个人的发展和年龄,对应特定任务和被称为年龄polyethism [<一个href="#B7">3</一个>,<一个href="#B11">11</一个>]。这项研究的结果显示,碳水化合物和蛋白质的组织化学结构<gydF4y2Bai>答:cerana</gydF4y2Bai>和<gydF4y2Bai>蜜蜂</gydF4y2Bai>与蜜蜂特定任务相关的殖民地。年轻的工人护士蜜蜂照顾和喂养小鸡蜂王浆咽下的腺体的合成和分泌。这些腺体咽下的强烈积极的不是和茚三酮品红试剂反应在这项研究。然而老员工,当他们成为守卫,没有积极的染色不是比护士的蜜蜂。这可能是相关的发展的咽下的腺体发育完全当年轻工人照顾他们的窝被合成和分泌蜂王浆。老员工不再喂小鸡,因此腺萎缩预计[<一个href="#B7">3</一个>,<一个href="#B8">4</一个>,<一个href="#B4">8</一个>]。然而,当蜜蜂觅食,咽下的腺体中含有大量的碳水化合物和蛋白质。这一发现是一致的发现咽下的腺体是站点的花蜜的单糖转化酶(<一个href="#B2">6</一个>- - - - - -<一个href="#B5">9</一个>]。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>研究了咽下的腺在几个方面,包括其超微结构,补充蛋白质和组织化学结构<gydF4y2Bai>api andreniformis</gydF4y2Bai>和<gydF4y2Bai>答:florea</gydF4y2Bai>。(<一个href="#B1">1</一个>,<一个href="#B7">3</一个>,<一个href="#B9">5</一个>,<一个href="#B4">8</一个>,<一个href="#B5">9</一个>,<一个href="#B12">12</一个>]。腺结构在这项研究中,我们发现相似物种之间,和腺体发育完全的护士、警卫和觅食。此外,高压天然气的分泌单位充满了大量的囊泡,一个强大的正面,PAS染色和茚三酮品红试剂(<一个href="#B1">1</一个>]。这表明护士的腺体,警卫,在四种蜜蜂觅食者(即,<gydF4y2Bai>答:andreniformis</gydF4y2Bai>,<gydF4y2Bai>答:florea</gydF4y2Bai>(<一个href="#B1">1</一个>),<gydF4y2Bai>a . cerana</gydF4y2Bai>和<gydF4y2Bai>蜜蜂,</gydF4y2Bai>)发挥重要作用不仅在碳水化合物丰富的物质的分泌,还把花蜜分泌的酶的蜂蜜(<一个href="#B1">1</一个>,<一个href="#B15">13</一个>,<一个href="#B16">14</一个>]。然而,也有腺体之间的差异中发现结构蜂窝腔窝蜜蜂,<gydF4y2Bai>答:cerana</gydF4y2Bai>和<gydF4y2Bai>蜜蜂</gydF4y2Bai>,和单一开窝蜜蜂,<gydF4y2Bai>答:andreniformis</gydF4y2Bai>和<gydF4y2Bai>答:florea</gydF4y2Bai>。相邻细胞之间的细胞外空间的结构<gydF4y2Bai>答:andreniformis</gydF4y2Bai>和<gydF4y2Bai>答:florea</gydF4y2Bai>是更广泛的比<gydF4y2Bai>答:cerana</gydF4y2Bai>和<gydF4y2Bai>蜜蜂</gydF4y2Bai>。此外,咽下的腺体的分泌单位<gydF4y2Bai>蜜蜂</gydF4y2Bai>本研究从不同研究的结果Deseyn和Billen<一个href="#B7">3</一个>)显示,腺泡的体积减少觅食或显示退行性结构,在本研究中没有发现。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>在目前的研究中,咽下的腺体的开发和组织化学方面进行评估<gydF4y2Bai>答:cerana</gydF4y2Bai>和<gydF4y2Bai>答:mellifer</gydF4y2Bai>一。研究结果与我们之前的协议研究[<一个href="#B1">1</一个>]。此外,腺体大小在护士最大的蜜蜂。咽下的腺体的大小是与腺活动呈正相关,影响幼虫取食(<一个href="#B6">2</一个>,<一个href="#B8">4</一个>,<一个href="#B13">15</一个>,<一个href="#B14">16</一个>]。这些腺体逐渐减少的大小当蜜蜂成为守卫,停止喂食,并开始捍卫殖民地(<一个href="#B7">3</一个>]。然而,觅食的咽下的腺大小明显大于警卫。这项研究的结果表明,腺发展通信与总蛋白质合成咽下的腺体在不同的成年阶段。一些报告显示,高压天然气生产酶用于水解花蜜变成蜂蜜,包括淀粉酶、<gydF4y2Basvg height="7.1750002" id="M37" style="vertical-align:-0.1254pt;width:8.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.9375 7.1750002" width="8.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.175)"> <g transform="translate(72,-66.26)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>葡糖苷酶氧化酶,-glucosidases牛乳糖,酯酶,亮氨酸arylamidase,和转化酶(<一个href="#B8">4</一个>,<一个href="#B2">6</一个>- - - - - -<一个href="#B5">9</一个>]。可以推断,高压天然气执行两个功能:第一个生产蛋白质丰富的蜂王浆护理窝蜜蜂(护士),然后酶生产(通过觅食者)。然而,咽下的腺体的功能灵活性取决于殖民地条件和需要喂小鸡<一个href="#B8">4</一个>,<一个href="#B14">16</一个>]。咽下的腺体的蛋白质浓度峰值在老员工的护士蜜蜂和拒绝。这对应程度的蛋白质合成,与丰富的粗面内质网(r)发现在成年工人。r职工腺腺泡细胞发达国家和显著增加几天后出现的大多数细胞溶质的空间充满了r堆几天后出现,而在觅食r下降(<一个href="#B9">5</一个>]。然而,总意味着咽下的腺体的蛋白质含量<gydF4y2Bai>蜜蜂</gydF4y2Bai>工人明显高于<gydF4y2Bai>答:cerana</gydF4y2Bai>工人(<gydF4y2Basvg height="16.137501" id="M38" style="vertical-align:-4.37273pt;width:159.39999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 159.39999 16.137501" width="159.39999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.1375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-59.09)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.22,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.5640001" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-49.31,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> 8</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.530886" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.656635" y="0"> 8</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.908134" y="0"> 8</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.159637" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="53.700386" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="64.603004" y="0"> <</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="76.643387" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="79.769142" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="86.020638" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="92.272141" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="98.523643" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)。这是与腺体的大小有关。在<gydF4y2Bai>蜜蜂</gydF4y2Bai>,咽下的腺体和平均身体尺寸较大的比<gydF4y2Bai>答:cerana</gydF4y2Bai>。总之,咽下的腺体<gydF4y2Bai>答:cerana</gydF4y2Bai>和<gydF4y2Bai>蜜蜂</gydF4y2Bai>工人是相当类似的组织化学结构。每个腺开始发展为蛹,一个完全形成腺泡在护士的蜜蜂。腺回归时发生的蜜蜂发展成为觅食和警卫。蛋白质浓度峰值在警卫的护士蜜蜂和拒绝。咽下的腺体,碳水化合物和蛋白质的组织化学染色与腺体的大小和蛋白质含量。</gydF4y2Bap> <h4 id="acknowledgments">确认</gydF4y2Bah4> <p>作者要感谢詹姆斯•Nieh生物科学分工,部分生态学、行为和演化,加州大学圣地亚哥分校和匿名评论者的评论。他们真诚地感谢生物学系,理学院,Burapha大学分布利省,泰国提供的研究设施。</gydF4y2Bap> </div> </div> <div class="ArticleReferences_xmlContent__p_40j"> <h4 class="ArticleReferences_references__GH2t_" id="references">引用</gydF4y2Bah4> <ol class="ArticleReferences_orderedReferences__mJr9M"> <li class="ArticleReferences_articleReference__ouEuh" id="B1"> <div class="referenceContent"> <p class="referenceText">g . 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