监督的方法分析热传导的热通量一批化学反应器配有Monofluid加热/冷却系统</gydF4y2Batitle> <link rel="preload stylesheet" as="style" type="text/css" href="https://cdn.bibblio.org/rcm/4.28.0/bib-related-content.min.css"> <link rel="preload" href="https://static.hindawi.com/new/next_assets/2023-08-03-0017a694320dbe69a559e8120be98c/_next/static/css/b2661f2cd4bd618b.css" as="style"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://static.hindawi.com/new/next_assets/2023-08-03-0017a694320dbe69a559e8120be98c/_next/static/css/b2661f2cd4bd618b.css" data-n-g=""> <style id="__jsx-903e4b2e5d3241e4">div#__next{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-moz-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;min-height:100vh;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;-webkit-box-direction:normal;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-moz-box-orient:vertical;-moz-box-direction:normal;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column}</style> </head> <body> <div id="__next"> <section class="ant-layout"> <div> <header class="ant-layout-header"> <div class="header__width-wrapper"> <div class="ant-anchor-wrapper ant-anchor-logo" style="max-height:100vh"> <div class="ant-anchor ant-anchor-fixed"> <div class="ant-anchor-ink"> <span class="ant-anchor-ink-ball"></span> </div> <div class="ant-anchor-link ant-link-logo"> <a class="ant-anchor-link-title" href="//www.newsama.com/" title=""> <div class="ant-image"> <img alt="标志gydF4y2Ba" class="ant-image-img ant-image-logo" src="https://static.hindawi.com/new/next_assets/2023-08-03-0017a694320dbe69a559e8120be98c/public/logo.svg"> </div></a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="TopNavigation_topNavigationWrapper__QzFKB"> <div class="TopNavigation_rightSideMenuItems__0bKf1"> <ul class="ant-menu-overflow ant-menu ant-menu-root ant-menu-horizontal ant-menu-light header-ant-menu-horizontal" role="menu" tabindex="0" data-menu-list="true" data-testid="desktop-menu"> <li class="ant-menu-overflow-item ant-menu-item ant-menu-item-only-child" style="opacity:1;order:0" role="menuitem" tabindex="-1"><span class="ant-menu-title-content"><a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/" aria-label="Journals">期刊</一个></秒p一个n></l我> <li class="ant-menu-overflow-item ant-menu-item ant-menu-item-only-child" style="opacity:1;order:1" role="menuitem" tabindex="-1"><span class="ant-menu-title-content"><a href="//www.newsama.com/publish-research/" aria-label="Publish with us">雷电竞下载苹果</a></span></li> <li class="ant-menu-overflow-item ant-menu-item ant-menu-item-only-child" style="opacity:1;order:2" role="menuitem" tabindex="-1"><span class="ant-menu-title-content"><a href="//www.newsama.com/publishing-partnerships/" aria-label="Publishing partnerships">raybet推荐吗</a></span></li> <li class="ant-menu-overflow-item ant-menu-item ant-menu-item-only-child" style="opacity:1;order:3" role="menuitem" tabindex="-1"><span class="ant-menu-title-content"><a href="//www.newsama.com/about/" aria-label="About us">关于我们</一个></秒p一个n></l我> <li class="ant-menu-overflow-item ant-menu-item ant-menu-item-only-child" style="opacity:1;order:4" role="menuitem" tabindex="-1"><span class="ant-menu-title-content"><a href="//www.newsama.com/blog/" aria-label="Blog">博客</一个></秒p一个n></l我> <li class="ant-menu-overflow-item ant-menu-overflow-item-rest ant-menu-submenu ant-menu-submenu-horizontal" style="opacity:0;height:0;overflow-y:hidden;order:9007199254740991;pointer-events:none;position:absolute" aria-hidden="true" role="none"> <div role="menuitem" class="ant-menu-submenu-title" tabindex="-1" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true"> <span role="img" aria-label="ellipsis" class="anticon anticon-ellipsis"> <svg viewbox="64 64 896 896" focusable="false" data-icon="ellipsis" width="1em" height="1em" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"> <path d="M176 511a56 56 0 10112 0 56 56 0 10-112 0zm280 0a56 56 0 10112 0 56 56 0 10-112 0zm280 0a56 56 0 10112 0 56 56 0 10-112 0z"></path> </svg></span> <i class="ant-menu-submenu-arrow"></i> </div></li> </ul> <div style="display:none" aria-hidden="true"></div> <button data-testid="search-button-icon" aria-label="Search" type="button" class="ant-btn ant-btn-default SearchToggleButton_btn__kmpSM"><span role="img" class="anticon SearchToggleButton_icon__nurvY"> <svg width="1em" height="1em" viewbox="0 0 26 26" fill="none"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M22.1,23.813l-5.478-5.479a10.282,10.282,0,1,1,1.709-1.709L23.813,22.1a1.209,1.209,0,0,1-1.71,1.71ZM2.416,10.27A7.851,7.851,0,0,0,15.78,15.864l.041-.043.043-.041A7.853,7.853,0,1,0,2.416,10.27Z" fill="currentColor"></path> </svg></span></button> <div></div> <button data-testid="menu-button-icon" aria-label="Menu" type="button" class="ant-btn ant-btn-default MenuToggleButton_btn__Go00X"><span role="img" class="anticon MenuToggleButton_icon__5uVd5"> <svg width="1em" height="1em" viewbox="0 -2 28 28" fill="none"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M1.833,25.667a1.834,1.834,0,0,1,0-3.668H25.667a1.834,1.834,0,0,1,0,3.668Zm0-11a1.833,1.833,0,0,1,0-3.666H25.667a1.833,1.833,0,0,1,0,3.666Zm0-11A1.833,1.833,0,1,1,1.833,0H25.667a1.833,1.833,0,0,1,0,3.666Z" fill="currentColor"></path> </svg></span></button> <div></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> </div> <main class="ant-layout-content ArticleLayout_articleLayoutWrapper__oukM3"> <div> <div id="journal-header" class=" JournalNavigation_journalHeader__vGN2X" data-istranslated="false"> <a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/mse" class="JournalNavigation_journalHeader__titleLink__sZyGb"><h1 id="journal-header-title" data-testid="journal-header-title" class="JournalNavigation_small__sXDLc JournalNavigation_journalHeader__title__fsEHD">建模和模拟在工程</h1></一个><d我v class="JournalNavigation_navigationBarHorizontal__YojZL"> <div id="navigation-bar-horizontal" class="navigation-bar-horizontal"> <button id="Journal overview" type="button" class="ant-btn ant-btn-default ant-dropdown-trigger bordered"><span role="img" class="anticon"> <svg width="1em" height="1em" viewbox="0 0 32 32" fill="none"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M17.773 23.453l11.2-11.265a1.918 1.918 0 000-2.641 1.75 1.75 0 00-2.542 0l-9.929 10.101-9.933-10.1a1.75 1.75 0 00-2.542 0 1.919 1.919 0 000 2.64L15.23 23.453c.352.365.811.547 1.271.547.46 0 .92-.182 1.271-.547z" fill="currentColor"></path> </svg></span><span>日报》概述</秒p一个n></button> <a class="bordered" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/mse/guidelines">对于作者</一个><一个cl一个年代年代="bordered" href="//www.newsama.com/publish-research/reviewers">对于审查员</一个><一个cl一个年代年代="bordered" href="//www.newsama.com/publish-research/editors">的编辑器</一个><一个cl一个年代年代="bordered" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/mse/contents/">表的内容</一个><button id="Special Issues" type="button" class="ant-btn ant-btn-default ant-dropdown-trigger"><span role="img" class="anticon"> <svg width="1em" height="1em" viewbox="0 0 32 32" fill="none"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M17.773 23.453l11.2-11.265a1.918 1.918 0 000-2.641 1.75 1.75 0 00-2.542 0l-9.929 10.101-9.933-10.1a1.75 1.75 0 00-2.542 0 1.919 1.919 0 000 2.64L15.23 23.453c.352.365.811.547 1.271.547.46 0 .92-.182 1.271-.547z" fill="currentColor"></path> </svg></span><span>特殊的问题</秒p一个n></button> </div> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="ant-breadcrumb ArticleLayout_breadcrumbs__hsc4o"> <ol> <li><span class="ant-breadcrumb-link"><a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/mse/" aria-label="Modelling and Simulation in Engineering">建模和模拟在工程</一个></秒p一个n><年代p一个n class="ant-breadcrumb-separator">/</秒p一个n></l我><l我><span class="ant-breadcrumb-link"><a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/mse/contents/year/2012/" aria-label="2012">2012年</一个></秒p一个n><年代p一个n class="ant-breadcrumb-separator">/</秒p一个n></l我><l我><span class="ant-breadcrumb-link">文章</秒p一个n><年代p一个ncl一个年代年代="ant-breadcrumb-separator">/</秒p一个n></l我></ol> </nav> <div class="ant-row ThreeColumnLayout_wrapper__gPK_l"> <div class="ant-col ThreeColumnLayout_leftColumn__yqNgV"> <div> <div> <div id="article-table-of-contents" data-ismobile="false"> <div class="TableOfContents_tableOfContents__0jAuv"> <div class="TableOfContents_tableOfContents__title__CH9Lz"> 在这一页上</d我v> <a class="TableOfContents_tableOfContents__item__JJil1" href="#abstract">文摘</一个><一个cl一个年代年代="TableOfContents_tableOfContents__item__JJil1" href="#introduction">介绍</一个><一个cl一个年代年代="TableOfContents_tableOfContents__item__JJil1" href="#results-and-discussion">结果与讨论</一个><一个cl一个年代年代="TableOfContents_tableOfContents__item__JJil1" href="#conclusion">结论</一个><一个cl一个年代年代="TableOfContents_tableOfContents__item__JJil1" href="#references">引用</一个><一个cl一个年代年代="TableOfContents_tableOfContents__item__JJil1" href="#copyright">版权</一个><一个cl一个年代年代="TableOfContents_tableOfContents__item__JJil1" href="#related-articles">相关文章</一个></d我v> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ant-col ThreeColumnLayout_middleColumn__sbd41"> <div class="ArticleMiddleSection_articleMiddleSection__gAv9z"> <div class="articleHeader"> <strong>研究文章|<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->开放获取</秒trong> <div class="articleHeader__meta"> <span>体积<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->2012年<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->|</秒p一个n><年代p一个n>文章的ID<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->764614年<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->|</秒p一个n><年代p一个ncl一个年代年代="articleHeader__meta_doiLink"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/764614" aria-label="Doi-link" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/764614</一个></秒p一个n></d我v> <div class="simpleShowMore"> <button class="simpleShowMore__button">显示引用</gydF4y2Babutton> </div> <h1 class="articleHeader__title">监督的方法分析热传导的热通量一批化学反应器配有Monofluid加热/冷却系统</h1><d我v class="articleHeader__authors"> <span class="articleHeader__authors_author"><strong>Ghania Henini</秒trong><a href="//www.newsama.com/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection" aria-label="Mail Option"><span role="img" class="anticon"> <svg version="1.0" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em" viewbox="0 0 1401 1101"> <path fill="#6ba439" d="M132.5 2.1C101.4 6 71.1 20.5 48.3 42.4c-22.7 21.7-37.5 48.3-44.6 80l-2.2 10.1v837l2.2 10.1c6.7 30 19.3 53.9 39.8 75.3 23.3 24.3 56.4 40.9 90 45 12.8 1.6 1122.2 1.6 1135 0 38.9-4.8 75.9-25.6 100-56.4 15-19.3 24.2-39 29.8-63.9l2.2-10.1v-837l-2.2-10.1c-7.1-31.8-21.9-58.3-44.6-80.1-20.2-19.2-43.9-31.7-73.6-38.5l-9.6-2.3L705 1.4c-321.9-.1-568.5.2-572.5.7zm1123.4 99.5c1.7.4 3.1 1 3.1 1.4 0 .5-125.6 87.7-279 194L700.9 490.2 422 297C268.5 190.7 143 103.4 143 103c0-.5 1-1.1 2.3-1.3 3.5-.7 1107.1-.8 1110.6-.1zM401 404c164.4 113.8 299.4 207 300 207 .6 0 135.6-93.2 300.1-207 164.5-113.9 299.3-207 299.5-207 .2 0 .4 170.9.4 379.7 0 417.9.5 386-6.1 398.3-6.2 11.6-19 21.4-31.9 24.4-5.8 1.4-67.4 1.6-562 1.6s-556.2-.2-562-1.6c-12.9-3-25.7-12.8-31.9-24.4-6.6-12.3-6.1 19.6-6.1-398.3 0-208.8.2-379.7.5-379.7S236.6 290.1 401 404z"></path> </svg></span></a>,<年代up>1、2</秒up></span> <span class="articleHeader__authors_author">Fatiha Souahi<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<年代up>2</秒up></span> <span class="articleHeader__authors_author">和<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->Ykhlef Laidani<年代up>1</秒up></span> </div> <div class="simpleShowMore"> <button class="simpleShowMore__button">显示更多</gydF4y2Babutton> </div> <div class="articleHeader__academicEditor"> <strong>学术编辑器:</秒trong> <span>谋杀不久刘正</秒p一个n></d我v> <div class="articleHeader__timeline"> <div class="articleHeader__timeline_item "> <strong>收到了</秒trong> <span>2011年7月10</秒p一个n></d我v> <div class="articleHeader__timeline_item "> <strong>修改后的</秒trong> <span>2011年10月10日</秒p一个n></d我v> <div class="articleHeader__timeline_item "> <strong>接受</秒trong> <span>2011年10月17日</秒p一个n></d我v> <div class="articleHeader__timeline_item articleHeader__timeline_item_sticky"> <strong>发表</秒trong> <span>2012年3月20日</秒p一个n></d我v> </div> </div> <div class="articleBody"> <div class="xml-content"> <h4 class="header" id="abstract">文摘</h4><p>gydF4y2Ba我们提出的热行为一批反应堆夹克配备monofluid加热/冷却系统。加热和冷却提供了分别由一个电阻和两个板热交换器。反应的温度的控制是基于监督系统。这一战略管理的热设备是基于热通量作为被控变量的使用。monofluid温度的调制作用于加热功率或一个气开式阀门的开度,提供monofluid热交换器。研究表明,应用该方法进行的试点反应堆给好的结果在模拟,考虑各种设备的动力大大提高质量的行为。除了热控制的放热反应(mononitration)表明,考虑模型表示改善结果中产生的热量通过消除任何过度的温度设定点。</p><年代p一个ncl一个年代年代="end-abs"></span> <h4 id="introduction">1。介绍</h4><p>gydF4y2Ba大量的工业过程,如聚合物的生产,精细化工,制药,连续生产并不是可行的或经济上有吸引力,在批处理反应堆操作。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba在许多情况下,这种模式的操作是用来制造各种产品,包括显著不同的特征,如转换时间和热的反应。这种类型的反应堆的控制完全是常常难以实现(<一个href="#B1">1</一个>,<gydF4y2Ba一个href="#B2">2</一个>)由于其灵活和综合利用率(不同的操作配置和使用不同的产品)。保证批次重现性,提高收率和选择性,自动化批量反应堆必须很大程度上增加了。由于反应混合物的复杂性和困难进行在线成分测量,控制批量和馈料式反应堆,本质上是一个温度控制问题(<一个href="#B3">3</一个>,<gydF4y2Ba一个href="#B4">4</一个>]。批处理和馈料式反应堆需要良好的温度控制由于热敏化学反应物的存在和/或产品以及反应速率对温度的依赖关系。进行化学反应在这种类型的反应堆,经常使用不同阶段组成的一个操作模式:<年代p一个ncl一个年代年代="list"><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label">(我)</秒p一个n><年代p一个ncl一个年代年代="list-content">加热阶段的反应混合物,直到所需的反应温度,</秒p一个n></秒p一个n><年代pan class="list-item"><span class="list-label">(2)</秒p一个n><年代p一个ncl一个年代年代="list-content">一个反应阶段期间温度保持不变,</秒p一个n></秒p一个n><年代pan class="list-item"><span class="list-label">(3)</秒p一个n><年代p一个ncl一个年代年代="list-content">冷却阶段,以避免副产物的形成(<一个href="#B5">5</一个>- - - - - -<一个href="#B7">7</一个>]。</秒p一个n></秒p一个n></秒pan></p> <p>任何控制器是用来控制反应堆必须能够考虑这些不同阶段<一个href="#B8">8</一个>- - - - - -<一个href="#B11">11</一个>]。反应堆的温度控制的内容与流体流动换热反应堆周围的夹克。它是复杂的操作模式和管理众多的液体。然后控制性能主要依赖于heating-cooling系统与反应堆(<一个href="#B12">12</一个>]。许多研究已经进行控制问题和策略在这种类型的反应堆(<一个href="#B13">13</一个>,<gydF4y2Ba一个href="#B14">14</一个>]。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba很多配置加热/冷却系统中引用文献[<一个href="#B13">13</一个>]。两种主要类型的加热/冷却系统通常用于工业:另一种系统或multifluid mono-fluid系统(<一个href="#B15">15</一个>,<gydF4y2Ba一个href="#B16">16</一个>]。multifluid系统,多功能液体流动或者夹克取决于所需的控制变量。效用液体可用于给定的温度(工厂公用事业)。这个系统是使用最主要的系统在工业由于相对轻松地设计和低成本(直接使用工厂公用事业)。因此,这种类型的过程控制的任务是相当困难的,可以分为两个部分:首先,选择正确的流体,其次,适当的操作这个工具流体的流量以满意地跟踪所需的温度曲线。因此,从加热,冷却,需要改变流体在不连续的操作结果。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba另一种配置是mono-fluid系统往往取代最近multifluid体系建设研讨会。这个系统只使用一个流体,温度可以被修改以达到预期的反应堆温度由一个中间热循环,其中可能包括热交换器,加热器,等等;然而,这个外部热循环的动力学可以惩罚,尤其是在紧急的情况下需要快速冷却或加热<一个href="#B17">17</一个>]。这一技术研究了早些时候(<一个href="#B15">15</一个>,<gydF4y2Ba一个href="#B18">18</一个>]。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba功能的原理在于选择器或液体注入热循环,然后确定被控变量,这将有可能跟随给定的温度。这个变量可以是一个电力或流量。这个选择是由一个程序的监督。许多作者研究了加热/冷却系统和监督。在作者(<一个href="#B13">13</一个>]给出了实验和仿真研究温度控制的工业批量反应堆(65、160 l)配有multifluid加热/冷却系统。他们使用自适应双模型引用和GPC监督策略基于一个限制热通量分析。一种新的优化方法的GPC算法被提出<一个href="#B19">19</一个>在适应性和非适应性配置馈料式青霉素过程使用完整的阶乘设计方法。另一种方法来管理的液体是由<一个href="#B20">20.</一个>]。这种方法的原理是基于监督条文的限制温度的轨迹。监督的工具计算每段时期两个标准抽样,对输入的距离设定点的温度反应混合物和发展将呈现系统最大和最小每个流体的热通量。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba反应堆的控制的一种有效方法和相似的过程利用非线性控制(NC)的各种方法。几个数控理论描述的修改,例如,(<一个href="#B21">21</一个>,<gydF4y2Ba一个href="#B22">22</一个>]。尤其是大型数控方法利用线性化的非线性植物,例如,(<一个href="#B23">23</一个>),应用程序的PID控制器,例如,(<一个href="#B24">24</一个>),或分解的非线性模型线性和非线性部分的植物,例如,(<一个href="#B25">25</一个>- - - - - -<一个href="#B27">27</一个>]。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba本文处理新方法的热行为的监督和控制反应器配有mono-fluid加热/冷却系统。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba主控制器计算出热通量(可以之间交换反应和夹克)必要流所需的反应堆温度曲线。另一方面,每个热流体的最大和最小热能力确定,用于选择“正确”的流体与流体优先出现在夹克。所需的热通量计算了主控制器相比,目前的液体的极限能力。主控制器是一个预测函数控制(PFC)。为其选择能力维持反应堆的灵活的特点。后的描述反应堆(试验工厂)。在第三部分,监测方法和批量反应堆的控制。然后简要描述过程的监管(PFC)。第四部分给监督的策略之一。最后一部分是用于验证系统的基于策略的管理监督的热设备的热通量的分析。 Obtained results, for the thermal behavior of batch reactor in simulation following profiles of typical temperatures (heating-maintenance-cooling-maintenance).</p><h4我d="process-description">2。过程描述</h4><p>gydF4y2Ba试验工厂的示意图如图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2012/764614/fig1/" target="_blank">1</一个>。</p><d我v class="partial-carousel-wrapper"> <div class="floats-partial-section"> <div class="floats-partial-content"> <div class="partial-carousel--full-image partial-carousel-55fc7e241011757f3a2e2ba9689d7da3"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2012/764614/figures/764614.fig.001.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs"> <div class="partial-carousel-dots-55fc7e241011757f3a2e2ba9689d7da3 partial-carousel-thumbnail"> <button aria-label="Slide to " class="partial-carousel-dot"><img loading="lazy" alt="" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2012/764614/thumbnails/764614.fig.001_th.jpg"><br><strong></strong></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle--nav"> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev-55fc7e241011757f3a2e2ba9689d7da3 partial-carousel-next-prev"> <button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-prev"></button> <button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-next"></button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图1</秒p一个n><一个一个r我一个-label="View full page" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2012/764614/fig1/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>中试装置的示意图。</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> <p>实验装置由1 L玻璃反应器夹套,配有mono-fluid加热/冷却系统。这项工作中所使用的mono-fluid乙二醇和水的混合物,重量比为50%,流量为1000 L h<年代up>−1</秒up>并在不同的温度下,−35和110°C之间。mono-fluid流量测量是通过两个流量计,一个安装在主热循环(流量计1),另一个在二级热循环(流量计2)。加热/冷却系统使用一个电阻2000 W和两板热交换器(法)。一个板式换热器使用冷水作为实用流体温度是15°C和最大流量1500 L h<年代up>−1</秒up>而另一个使用乙二醇和水的混合物,在体重的比率为50%,温度在−10°C和1500 L h的最大流量<年代up>−1</秒up>。实用流体的流速也测量。三个开关阀允许mono-fluid加热或冷却。另外两个开关阀是用来操纵效用的液体。三气开式阀门确保该部门的mono-fluid两部分在冷却阶段。传动装置泵保证mono-fluid在热循环的循环最大流量1500 L h<年代up>−1</秒up>。反应堆有以下物理规格:一个内部直径82毫米,壁厚的9毫米,外部夹克直径125毫米,一件夹克壁厚5毫米,最大反应物mixture-reactor传热面积0.039 m<年代up>2</秒up>和一件夹克的0.15 L。螺旋桨旋转260 rpm。反应堆运行批处理和馈料式模式。活塞泵允许液体反应物流速的变化从0到336厘米<年代up>3</秒up>h<年代up>−1</秒up>。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba所有的温度测量在每个采样周期使用装PT100铂电阻传感器的精度±0.1°C。提要入口反应物由热电偶测量温度。计算机模拟数字(A / D)和数模转换器(D / A)用于数据采集。监督控制算法程序实现是用Fortran编写4和PC上为了完成不同的温度控制任务。</p><h4我d="methodology-for-monitoring-of-batch-reactor">3所示。方法监测批反应堆</h4><p>gydF4y2Ba战略整合跟踪和控制是由(<一个href="#B13">13</一个>,<gydF4y2Ba一个href="#B28">28</一个>,<gydF4y2Ba一个href="#B29">29日</一个>]。一批反应堆16 L配备了加热/冷却系统一旦multifluid和mono-fluid分组在一起。实现这一过程的热行为,它也使用广义双模型参考自适应预测控制(GPCMR)。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba研究的行为过程,在级联结构的监管使用预测函数控制(PFC)的技术是应用程序。两个控制水平“1”和“0”。两个控制器用于控制水平”1。“第一个负责监督(PFCM),它计算所需的热通量之间交换mono-fluid夹克和内部流动反应混合物。第二个(PFC1)是用于计算设定点温度(T<年代ub>图标</秒ub>),将跟踪进口夹克温度。控制水平的“0”,因为PFC的算法是一种算法的输出(单输入,单输出),三个奴隶控制器是用来控制mono-fluid温度。放在一个电阻计算电能值和两个工厂的其他两个热交换器计算mono-fluid流量比例分派到其中的一个。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba串级控制的计划阻止这个过程在图给出<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2012/764614/fig2/" target="_blank">2</一个>。</p><d我v class="partial-carousel-wrapper"> <div class="floats-partial-section"> <div class="floats-partial-content"> <div class="partial-carousel--full-image partial-carousel-cdb41badc66eeda8d300c98ee6fe5226"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2012/764614/figures/764614.fig.002.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs"> <div class="partial-carousel-dots-cdb41badc66eeda8d300c98ee6fe5226 partial-carousel-thumbnail"> <button aria-label="Slide to " class="partial-carousel-dot"><img loading="lazy" alt="" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2012/764614/thumbnails/764614.fig.002_th.jpg"><br><strong></strong></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle--nav"> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev-cdb41badc66eeda8d300c98ee6fe5226 partial-carousel-next-prev"> <button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-prev"></button> <button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-next"></button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图2</秒p一个n><一个一个r我一个-label="View full page" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2012/764614/fig2/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>串级控制植物块的示意图。</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> <p>该模型建立了使用以下基本假设:</p><p>gydF4y2Ba的反应堆。<年代p一个ncl一个年代年代="list"><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label">(我)</秒p一个n><年代p一个ncl一个年代年代="list-content">纯组件的比热和密度是常数的考虑范围的温度,加热的混合是被忽视的。</秒p一个n></秒p一个n><年代pan class="list-item"><span class="list-label">(2)</秒p一个n><年代p一个ncl一个年代年代="list-content">反应在pseudohomogeneous液相进行。</秒p一个n></秒p一个n><年代pan class="list-item"><span class="list-label">(3)</秒p一个n><年代p一个ncl一个年代年代="list-content">如果反应将发挥作用,加热反应考虑在内。</秒p一个n></秒p一个n><年代pan class="list-item"><span class="list-label">(iv)</秒p一个n><年代p一个ncl一个年代年代="list-content">核反应堆是完全混合均匀反应混合物的温度和浓度。</秒p一个n></秒p一个n><年代pan class="list-item"><span class="list-label">(v)</秒p一个n><年代p一个ncl一个年代年代="list-content">喂养的被动执行没有体积浓度。</秒p一个n></秒p一个n><年代pan class="list-item"><span class="list-label">(vi)</秒p一个n><年代p一个ncl一个年代年代="list-content">所涉及的化学反应的动力学规律是假定为这样的反应速率常数是阿伦尼乌斯法律和反应速率是反应物浓度的函数。</秒p一个n></秒p一个n></秒pan></p> <h5 id="sec3.1">3.1。电阻</h5><p>gydF4y2Ba电阻模型,我们考虑飘飘然的环形块搅拌,monofluid交流的一些热量与茎的墙壁和接收一个电阻所引起的热通量。</p><h6gydF4y2Baid="sec3.1.1">3.1.1。热交换器</h6><p>gydF4y2Ba冷热气流总是平行之间的输入和输出设备。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba没有相变,两流体的物理性质和板在使用的温度范围内保持不变。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba热损失与外部环境被认为是微不足道的。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba活塞式的两种液体的流动。对于每一个流体,速度是相同的任何飞机正常电流的方向,所以只有温度梯度的方向平行于水流。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba总表面交换是交换的总和所有板的表面。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba写作热余额,反映之间的交换反应混合物和反应堆的夹克,让我们使用热通量作为控制变量的中介。这个变量可以同时解决问题的监督和控制。此外,这种控制策略适用于任何热系统。</p><h6我d="sec3.1.2">3.1.2。反应器的热行为</h6><p>gydF4y2Ba以下描述的反应堆可以热余额。</p><p><我>在反应混合物热平衡</我>:<gydF4y2Ba年代p一个ncl一个年代年代="equation" id="EEq1"> <svg height="33.112499" id="M1" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 33.112499" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,33.1125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-45.51)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,57.63,54.46)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,63.9,51.33)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,67.97,54.46)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.389513" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,82.48,51.33)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,86.55,54.46)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,93.73,51.33)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,99,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.6515961" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,112.53,60.47)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <g> <path d="m 99,57.58 17.6,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,102.52,45.71)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.6515961" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.74" y="-8.75"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.78039" y="-8.75"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.595005" y="-8.75"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,151.08,51.33)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.570816" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,156.84,51.33)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> p</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> r</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,166.71,51.95)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.8499999" y="-2.51"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,179.44,51.33)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 年代</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.4045279" y="0"> d</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="7.7805281" y="0"> e</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,194.38,54.46)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,212.6,51.33)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,216.67,51.95)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.6300001" y="-2.51"> +</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.970221" y="-2.51"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,244.37,51.33)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,248.94,54.46)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,255.22,51.33)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,259.79,54.46)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.389513" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,274.29,51.33)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,280.94,51.95)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.8499999" y="-2.51"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,293.67,51.33)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,301.02,54.46)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.327718" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,319.24,51.33)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,323.3,51.95)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.6300001" y="-2.51"> −</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.970221" y="-2.51"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,351.93,51.33)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,356,54.46)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="118.12" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="122.2835" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="128.535" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span>初始条件:理化性能(<我>ρ</gydF4y2Ba我>,<gydF4y2Ba我>Cp</gydF4y2Ba我>,<gydF4y2Ba我>V</gydF4y2Ba我>,<gydF4y2Ba我>U</gydF4y2Ba我>,<gydF4y2Ba我>F</gydF4y2Ba我>,<gydF4y2Ba年代vg height="11.35" id="M2" style="vertical-align:-0.47652pt;width:10.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 10.9375 11.35" width="10.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.35)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.92)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,<年代vg height="14.3625" id="M3" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:14.425px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 14.425 14.3625" width="14.425" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.51)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)数据(常量)。</p><p><年代vg height="14.35" id="M4" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt;width:23.924999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 23.924999 14.35" width="23.924999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.35)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.52)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 年代</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.4045279" y="0"> d</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="7.7805281" y="0"> e</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>计算(<一个href="#EEq13">11</一个>)。</p><p><我>热平衡的mono-fluid流动在夹克里面</我>:<gydF4y2Ba年代p一个ncl一个年代年代="equation" id="EEq2"> <svg height="63.662498" id="M5" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 63.662498" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,63.6625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-21.07)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,84.04,54.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,90.32,51.24)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> f</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9144161" y="0"> c</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,97.62,54.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.389513" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,112.12,51.24)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> f</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9144161" y="0"> c</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,119.42,54.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,126.61,51.24)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> d</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> e</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,136.56,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.6515961" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,150.09,60.47)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 年代</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.4045279" y="0"> d</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="7.7805281" y="0"> e</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <g> <path d="m 136.56,57.5 25.7,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,144.13,45.62)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.6515961" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.799999" y="-8.75"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.827885" y="-8.75"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="43.642502" y="-8.75"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,196.74,51.24)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.570816" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,202.5,51.24)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> p</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> r</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,212.37,51.86)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.8600001" y="-2.51"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,225.1,51.24)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,231.95,54.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,250.17,51.24)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 年代</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.4045279" y="0"> d</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="7.7805281" y="0"> e</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,262.33,51.86)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.6300001" y="-2.51"> +</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.970221" y="-2.51"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,290.03,51.24)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> f</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9144161" y="0"> c</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,297.33,54.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,303.61,51.24)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> f</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9144161" y="0"> c</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,310.91,54.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.389513" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,325.41,51.24)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> f</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9144161" y="0"> c</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,176.19,25.69)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ×</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.87" y="2.52"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.719999" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,201.79,22.56)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> e</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.8858881" y="0"> d</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.2618876" y="0"> e</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,217.21,25.69)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,235.43,22.56)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 年代</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.4045279" y="0"> d</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="7.7805281" y="0"> e</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,247.59,23.17)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.9400001" y="-2.52"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="226.53" y="-20.24"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="230.6935" y="-20.24"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="236.94499" y="-20.24"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span>初始条件:<年代vg height="11.0375" id="M6" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt;width:17.0875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.0875 11.0375" width="17.0875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.17)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.67,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> f</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9144161" y="0"> c</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,<年代vg height="14.3625" id="M7" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:15.4875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 15.4875 14.3625" width="15.4875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.51)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.22,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,<年代vg height="14.4375" id="M8" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt;width:27.375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 27.375 14.4375" width="27.375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.4375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.45)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.71)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.389513" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-57.45,60.58)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> f</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9144161" y="0"> c</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,<年代vg height="14.35" id="M9" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt;width:20.0625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 20.0625 14.35" width="20.0625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.35)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.52)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.76,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> d</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> e</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,<年代vg height="16.825001" id="M10" style="vertical-align:-5.03984pt;width:39.287498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 39.287498 16.825001" width="39.287498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.825)"> <g transform="translate(72,-58.54)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.61)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.8146152" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-54.17,60.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.570816" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-48.41,60.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> p</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> r</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,<年代vg height="14.35" id="M11" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt;width:18.9125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 18.9125 14.35" width="18.9125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.35)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.52)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.22,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> f</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9144161" y="0"> c</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>是数据。<年代vg height="14.35" id="M12" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt;width:24.525px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 24.525 14.35" width="24.525" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.35)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.52)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> e</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.8858881" y="0"> d</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.2618876" y="0"> e</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>所使用的工具的温度冷却热交换器:<年代vg height="14.3875" id="M13" style="vertical-align:-3.25793pt;width:56.787498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 56.787498 14.3875" width="56.787498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.49)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-57.21,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-38.29,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> f</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9144161" y="0"> c</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-31.49,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>(冷水),<年代vg height="14.3875" id="M14" style="vertical-align:-3.25793pt;width:56.787498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 56.787498 14.3875" width="56.787498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.49)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-57.21,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-38.29,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> f</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9144161" y="0"> c</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-31.49,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>(乙二醇水)。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba牵引控制器用于主控制器循环,第一个叫PFCM负责监督;第二个叫做PFC1致力于计算夹克奴隶所使用的设定点温度控制器。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba使用的内部模型来源于(PFCM控制器<一个href="#EEq1">1</一个>),它是由以下连续系统传递函数方程使用拉普拉斯变换:<年代p一个ncl一个年代年代="equation" id="EEq3"> <svg height="84.75" id="M15" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 84.75" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,84.75)"> <g transform="translate(72,-4.2)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,106.73,53.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,113.61,50.32)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,119.76,53.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.950001" y="7.3299999"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="50.040001" y="-7.25"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.277466" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.904297" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <g> <path d="m 157.26,56.57 31.33,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,157.26,44.69)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.8146152" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,175.04,41.57)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.570816" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,180.8,41.57)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> p</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> r</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,189.78,46.12)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.36" y="-14.58"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <g> <path d="m 199.41,56.57 15.71,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,199.41,44.69)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,204.94,41.57)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,209.01,44.69)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.3900003" y="-6.2399998"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.24" y="-8.7600002"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,233.07,50.32)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,240.01,53.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.277466" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.216631" y="0"> +</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.556852" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,277.22,50.32)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> e</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.8858881" y="0"> c</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="7.6404958" y="0"> h</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,291.81,53.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.44" y="2.52"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-160.84" y="38.16"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.277466" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,137.85,12.16)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,144,15.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.15" y="-7.25"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.277466" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.904297" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <g> <path d="m 175.15,18.41 10.52,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,177.35,6.53)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.6" y="-6.2399998"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.450001" y="-8.7600002"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,203.62,12.16)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,210.56,15.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.277466" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.216631" y="0"> +</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.556852" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,247.77,12.16)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> e</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.8858881" y="0"> c</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="7.6404958" y="0"> h</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,262.36,15.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.45" y="2.52"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.379999" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.277466" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="211.75999" y="-19.68"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="215.92349" y="-19.68"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="222.175" y="-19.68"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span>在哪里<年代vg height="16.975" id="M16" style="vertical-align:-5.03984pt;width:125.2375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 125.2375 16.975" width="125.2375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.975)"> <g transform="translate(72,-58.42)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-66.42,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-58.88,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-40.57,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-36.5,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.389513" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-21.99,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-17.93,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-10.74,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-6.67,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> /</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="3.4758339" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.290449" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,14.59,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.570816" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,20.35,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> p</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> r</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>反应堆的时间常数,<年代vg height="16.975" id="M17" style="vertical-align:-5.03984pt;width:141.3px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 141.3 16.975" width="141.3" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.975)"> <g transform="translate(72,-58.42)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.14,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-54.81,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.040389" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.855003" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-24.99,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.570816" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-19.23,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> p</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> r</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-11.44,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-0.4,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 年代</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.4045279" y="0"> d</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="7.7805281" y="0"> e</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,14.54,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,32.76,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,36.83,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>热通量之间交换反应混合物和mono-fluid目前在夹克,<年代vg height="14.775" id="M18" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:188.325px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 188.325 14.775" width="188.325" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.775)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.18)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.3,60.32)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> e</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.8858881" y="0"> c</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="7.6404958" y="0"> h</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-47.32,63.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-27.55,60.32)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-22.99,63.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-16.71,60.32)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-12.14,63.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.389513" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,2.36,60.32)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,6.93,63.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,17.97,60.32)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,25.32,63.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.327718" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,43.54,60.32)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,47.6,63.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.9391651" y="0"> −</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,74.54,60.32)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>饲料引起的扰动反应物和化学反应所释放的热量,<年代vg height="16.975" id="M19" style="vertical-align:-5.03984pt;width:94.737503px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 94.737503 16.975" width="94.737503" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.975)"> <g transform="translate(72,-58.42)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.990617" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.031006" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.282507" y="0"> /</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.758339" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-31.66,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-27.59,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.8146152" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-9.81,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.570816" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-4.05,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> p</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> r</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>反应堆稳态增益(PFCM控制器)。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba下面的模型提出了构建PFC1控制器:<年代p一个ncl一个年代年代="equation" id="EEq5"> <svg height="38.537498" id="M20" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 38.537498" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,38.5375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-41.17)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,65.26,53.1)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,72.14,49.97)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,78.29,53.1)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.389999" y="-9.1400003"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.277466" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.904297" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,130.21,59.11)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <g> <path d="m 109.44,56.22 36.08,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,109.44,44.34)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.0146627" y="0"> +</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.367388" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,135.34,41.22)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,139.41,44.34)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.3099999" y="-8.7600002"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,153.59,49.97)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> e</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.8858881" y="0"> d</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.2618876" y="0"> e</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,168.32,53.1)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.75" y="-9.2299995"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.277466" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.216631" y="0"> +</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,218.6,59.21)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <g> <path d="m 198.08,56.22 36.08,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,198.08,44.34)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.0271664" y="0"> +</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.367388" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,223.98,41.22)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,228.05,44.34)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.3099999" y="-8.7600002"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,242.23,49.97)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,248.89,53.1)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.169998" y="-10.69"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.277466" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.204128" y="0"> +</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,296.58,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 问</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.318944" y="0"> r</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <g> <path d="m 278.64,56.22 36.09,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,278.64,44.34)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.0271664" y="0"> +</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.367388" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,304.54,41.22)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,308.61,44.34)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.3099999" y="-8.7600002"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,325.69,49.97)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,331.84,53.1)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.277466" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.516462" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="142.28" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="146.4435" y="0"> 4</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="152.69499" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span>在哪里<年代vg height="14.2375" id="M21" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:17.125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.125 14.2375" width="17.125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.2375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.61)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.42,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>反应堆稳态增益(PFC1控制器),<年代vg height="14.3625" id="M22" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:17.737499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.737499 14.3625" width="17.737499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.51)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.42,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>稳态液体反应物进料,<年代vg height="14.65" id="M23" style="vertical-align:-3.4686pt;width:23.875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 23.875 14.65" width="23.875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.65)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.28)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.42,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-56.37,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> r</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>稳态热获得释放。</p><h4gydF4y2Baid="supervision-strategy">4所示。监管策略</h4><p>gydF4y2Ba批处理的热行为的目的或配有mono-fluid馈料式反应堆加热/冷却系统是同时能够确定元素的热循环修改mono-fluid的温度,以及命令适用于所选的致动器,达到调节的目的。热行为的协议是基于以下的概念。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba监管机构计算的控制变量解释为热通量。最后一个然后与热通量限制相比,在线计算各种设备选择适当的元素的热循环。一旦这个选择意识到,被控变量计算根据所选的设备。</p><h5我d="sec4.1">4.1。限制热能力</h5><h6gydF4y2Baid="sec4.1.1">以下4.4.1。电阻</h6><p>gydF4y2Ba这个元素的热循环用于热mono-fluid能够获得最大的电力<年代vg height="14.35" id="M24" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt;width:27.65px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 27.65 14.35" width="27.65" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.35)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.52)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.52,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> e</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.8858881" y="0"> l</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.318944" y="0"> e</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.204832" y="0"> c</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>(max)。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba这个最大功率将被视为最大的通量,可以交换反应混合物mono-fluid夹克。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba出口温度的演变的电阻是由以下热平衡:<年代p一个ncl一个年代年代="equation" id="EEq6"> <svg height="70.237503" id="M25" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 70.237503" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,70.2375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-15.81)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,73.06,43.23)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.57" y="-16.549999"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,90.82,56.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> c</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.745856" y="0"> h</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <g> <path d="m 83.63,53.68 15.81,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,84.02,41.81)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,91.75,38.68)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> f</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9144161" y="0"> c</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,100.63,43.23)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.66" y="-17.9"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.15" y="-15.39"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28" y="-17.9"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,135.5,58.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> c</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.7546079" y="0"> h</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,146.9,61.13)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,167.12,66.14)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,165.12,56.86)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> c</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.7546079" y="0"> h</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,174.4,58.62)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <g> <path d="m 113.29,53.68 66.96,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,141.49,41.81)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="43.43" y="-8.75"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="55.459999" y="-6.23"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="61.310001" y="-8.75"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.6515961" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,209.68,47.43)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> c</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.7546079" y="0"> h</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,221.08,50.56)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,241.3,55.56)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,239.3,46.28)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> c</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.745856" y="0"> h</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,248.57,48.04)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.6300001" y="-2.52"> +</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.17" y="-11.74"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,277.17,56.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> e</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.8858881" y="0"> l</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.318944" y="0"> e</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.204832" y="0"> c</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,293.84,59.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> 米</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.890833" y="0"> 一个</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.442165" y="0"> x</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.769163" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <g> <path d="m 269.74,53.68 56.04,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,270.85,41.81)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,277.12,38.68)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> c</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.7546079" y="0"> h</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,285.74,41.81)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.389513" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,300.25,38.68)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> c</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.745856" y="0"> h</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,308.87,41.81)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,316.06,38.68)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> c</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.745856" y="0"> h</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,326.98,50.56)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,335.79,47.43)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,340.57,50.56)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-57.119999" y="29.969999"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-47.40517" y="29.969999"> ≤</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-35.36478" y="29.969999"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,314.03,17.46)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,322.28,20.59)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ≤</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="151.84" y="-20.190001"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="156.00349" y="-20.190001"> 5</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="162.255" y="-20.190001"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span>我们区分两个极限最大热通量(<年代vg height="14.5625" id="M26" style="vertical-align:-3.22282pt;width:47.412498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 47.412498 14.5625" width="47.412498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.5625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.35)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.61)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.19,60.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 米</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> 一个</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.694944" y="0"> x</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-42.74,60.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> c</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.7546079" y="0"> h</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)和最低(<年代vg height="14.5625" id="M27" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt;width:45.599998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 45.599998 14.5625" width="45.599998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.5625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.35)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.61)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.19,60.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 米</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> 我</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.2421122" y="0"> n</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-44.19,60.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> c</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.745856" y="0"> h</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>),比如<年代p一个ncl一个年代年代="equation" id="EEq7"> <svg height="41.349998" id="M28" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 41.349998" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,41.35)"> <g transform="translate(72,-38.92)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,154.73,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,164.49,60.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 米</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> 一个</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.694944" y="0"> x</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,183.94,60.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> c</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.745856" y="0"> h</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,196.03,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,215.5,60.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> e</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.8858881" y="0"> l</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.318944" y="0"> e</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.204832" y="0"> c</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,232.17,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-58.07" y="20.48"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> 米</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.890833" y="0"> 一个</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.442165" y="0"> x</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.769163" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,183.86,39.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 米</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> 我</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.2421122" y="0"> n</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,201.85,39.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> c</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.7546079" y="0"> h</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,213.95,42.72)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.405136" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.656635" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="260.17001" y="-9.6199999"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="264.3335" y="-9.6199999"> 6</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="270.58499" y="-9.6199999"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></p> <h6 id="sec4.1.2">4.1.2。板式热交换器</h6><p>gydF4y2Ba它使用两个热力平衡计算相对应的热通量限制这两个热交换器。第一个担忧mono-fluid在穿越夹克,另一个是反应混合物之间的交换和mono-fluid出现在夹克。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba这些资产负债表由以下方程:翻译<年代p一个ncl一个年代年代="equation" id="EEq9"> <svg height="19.35" id="M29" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 19.35" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,19.35)"> <g transform="translate(72,-56.52)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,126.73,61.13)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,136.5,58.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,144.85,61.13)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,164.61,58.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> f</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9144161" y="0"> c</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,174.69,61.13)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ×</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.777586" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,191.74,58.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> f</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9144161" y="0"> c</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,201.82,61.13)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ×</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.777586" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.167099" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,227.11,58.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> f</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9144161" y="0"> c</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,236.49,58.62)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.8499999" y="-2.51"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,249.22,58.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,256.39,61.13)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,274.61,58.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,278.96,58.62)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.9299998" y="-2.51"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="195.16" y="-2.51"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="199.3235" y="-2.51"> 7</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="205.575" y="-2.51"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span><span class="equation" id="EEq10"> <svg height="48.1875" id="M30" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 48.1875" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,48.1875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-33.45)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,100.83,49.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,110.6,46.47)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,118.95,49.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.618168" y="0"> ×</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.395752" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,162.32,46.47)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.570816" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,168.08,46.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> p</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> r</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,177.95,39.87)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.3" y="-17.799999"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.15" y="-20.309999"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,201.98,57.05)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,209.15,60.18)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,227.37,57.05)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,231.44,57.67)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.6300001" y="-2.51"> +</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.969999" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.82" y="-2.51"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,264.14,57.05)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,271.27,60.18)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,289.49,57.05)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,293.56,57.67)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <g> <path d="m 189.25,52.73 110.16,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,241.2,40.85)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="59.400002" y="0.98000002"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="71.589996" y="-8.75"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="232.92" y="-8.75"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="237.0835" y="-8.75"> 8</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="243.33499" y="-8.75"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span><span class="equation" id="EEq11"> <svg height="41.575001" id="M31" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 41.575001" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,41.575)"> <g transform="translate(72,-38.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,133.98,59.82)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <g> <path d="m 132.01,55.7 10.19,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,132.01,43.82)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.86" y="-8.75"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.9" y="-1.42"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.5" y="-16"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <g> <path d="m 166.46,55.7 22.36,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,166.46,43.82)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,175.27,40.69)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.570816" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,181.03,40.69)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> p</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> r</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,192.79,52.57)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.209999" y="-7.25"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <g> <path d="m 205.33,55.7 25.59,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,205.33,43.82)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,214.15,40.69)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> p</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> r</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,221.44,40.69)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,223.62,40.69)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> f</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9144161" y="0"> c</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,234.9,52.57)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.15" y="-11.04"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,258.01,60.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.570816" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,263.77,60.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> p</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> r</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <g> <path d="m 247.44,55.7 25.74,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,247.44,43.82)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,256.4,40.69)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> p</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> r</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,263.69,40.69)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,265.88,40.69)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> f</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9144161" y="0"> c</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,274.37,45.24)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.4399996" y="-7.3299999"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="199.75" y="-7.3299999"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="203.9135" y="-7.3299999"> 9</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="210.16499" y="-7.3299999"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span>整个方法,计算的控制变量,都依赖于假设热通量相等:<年代p一个ncl一个年代年代="equation" id="EEq12"> <svg height="15.75" id="M32" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 15.75" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,15.75)"> <g transform="translate(72,-59.4)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,180.25,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,190.02,60.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,202.53,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.203888" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,228.5,60.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,233.38,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="234.49001" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="238.6535" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="244.905" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="251.15649" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span>从(<一个href="#EEq9">7</一个>),(<gydF4y2Ba一个href="#EEq10">8</一个>)和(<一个href="#EEq12">10</一个>),夹克的出口温度计算由以下关系:<年代p一个ncl一个年代年代="equation" id="EEq13"> <svg height="44.662498" id="M33" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 44.662498" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,44.6625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-36.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,59.1,50.1)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,65.98,46.97)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,73.8,50.1)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.23" y="-8.5200005"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.08" y="-11.03"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,100.61,58.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> f</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9144161" y="0"> c</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,110.69,61.13)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ×</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.765083" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,127.74,58.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> f</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9144161" y="0"> c</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,137.82,61.13)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ×</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.777586" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.167099" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,163.11,58.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> f</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9144161" y="0"> c</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,173.18,61.13)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.930502" y="0"> ×</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.708088" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,215.86,58.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.570816" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,221.62,58.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> p</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> r</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,229.41,61.13)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.7299995" y="2.51"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> /</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="3.4758339" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.360001" y="0"> ×</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.137587" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,265.43,58.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,272.6,61.13)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.327718" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.930502" y="0"> ×</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.708088" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,315.28,58.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.570816" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,321.04,58.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> p</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> r</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,331.6,61.13)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ×</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.777586" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,349.26,58.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <g> <path d="m 87.03,53.22 266.3,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,147.05,41.34)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,154.78,38.22)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> f</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9144161" y="0"> c</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,164.86,41.34)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ×</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.777586" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,181.91,38.22)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> f</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9144161" y="0"> c</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,191.99,41.34)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ×</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.777586" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.167099" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,217.28,38.22)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> f</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9144161" y="0"> c</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,227.35,41.34)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.930502" y="0"> ×</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.708088" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,270.03,38.22)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.570816" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,275.79,38.22)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> p</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> r</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,283.58,41.34)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="70.949997" y="-8.7600002"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> /</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="3.4758339" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="184.28999" y="-9.6700001"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="188.45351" y="-9.6700001"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="194.705" y="-9.6700001"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="200.9565" y="-9.6700001"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span>mono-fluid的流量不变,在冷却的温度可以达到入口的夹克,是一个实用的温度冷却的热交换器使用。可以写:</p><p><年代vg height="14.3875" id="M34" style="vertical-align:-3.25793pt;width:56.787498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 56.787498 14.3875" width="56.787498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.49)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-57.21,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-38.29,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> f</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9144161" y="0"> c</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-31.49,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>(冷水):在热交换器的情况下使用冷水。</p><p><年代vg height="14.3875" id="M35" style="vertical-align:-3.25793pt;width:56.787498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 56.787498 14.3875" width="56.787498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.49)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-57.21,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-38.29,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> f</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9144161" y="0"> c</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-31.49,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>(乙二醇水):对于使用乙二醇水热交换器。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba计算这些最小的热通量<年代vg height="14.775" id="M36" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt;width:42.549999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 42.549999 14.775" width="42.549999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.775)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.18)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.3,60.32)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 米</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> 我</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.2421122" y="0"> n</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-45.3,60.32)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> e</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.8858881" y="0"> f</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<年代vg height="17.049999" id="M37" style="vertical-align:-5.04861pt;width:44.387501px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 44.387501 17.049999" width="44.387501" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,17.05)"> <g transform="translate(72,-58.36)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.3,60.32)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 米</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> 我</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.2421122" y="0"> n</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-45.3,60.32)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> e</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.8858881" y="0"> g</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,对应于使用热交换器分别用冷水和乙二醇水,我们将使用方程(<一个href="#EEq9">7</一个>)或(<一个href="#EEq10">8</一个>)通过外部温度<年代vg height="14.3625" id="M38" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:14.1625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 14.1625 14.3625" width="14.1625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.51)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>计算的方程(<一个href="#EEq13">11</一个>)。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba我们认为的最大热通量,对应于热交换器的使用与冷水和乙二醇水分别是零。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba当一个热平衡的双信封,(<年代vg height="14.3625" id="M39" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:14.2125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 14.2125 14.3625" width="14.2125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.51)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>=<年代vg height="14.3625" id="M40" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:14.1625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 14.1625 14.3625" width="14.1625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.51)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)会发生:<年代p一个ncl一个年代年代="equation" id="EEq14"> <svg height="42.950001" id="M41" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 42.950001" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,42.95)"> <g transform="translate(72,-37.64)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,178.72,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,188.48,60.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 米</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> 一个</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.694944" y="0"> x</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,207.93,60.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> e</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.8858881" y="0"> f</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,218.7,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-40.709999" y="20.48"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,187.75,39.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 米</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> 一个</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.694944" y="0"> x</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,207.2,39.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> e</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.8858881" y="0"> g</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,219.43,42.72)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.291889" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="248.44" y="-8.9700003"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="252.6035" y="-8.9700003"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="258.85501" y="-8.9700003"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="265.10651" y="-8.9700003"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></p> <h5 id="sec4.2">4.2。监督算法</h5><p>gydF4y2Ba图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2012/764614/fig3/" target="_blank">3</一个>给出了一个近似的全球表示演化的热通量能力不同的液体作为反应堆温度的函数;最小和最大能力对应的边界区域。三个地区是有区别的。</p><d我v class="partial-carousel-wrapper"> <div class="floats-partial-section"> <div class="floats-partial-content"> <div class="partial-carousel--full-image partial-carousel-a140d7cf97feecdd26ef89a38943905a"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2012/764614/figures/764614.fig.003.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs"> <div class="partial-carousel-dots-a140d7cf97feecdd26ef89a38943905a partial-carousel-thumbnail"> <button aria-label="Slide to " class="partial-carousel-dot"><img loading="lazy" alt="" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2012/764614/thumbnails/764614.fig.003_th.jpg"><br><strong></strong></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle--nav"> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev-a140d7cf97feecdd26ef89a38943905a partial-carousel-next-prev"> <button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-prev"></button> <button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-next"></button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图3</秒p一个n><一个一个r我一个-label="View full page" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2012/764614/fig3/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>进化的热通量能力不同的液体。</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> <p>区域1:使用电阻。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba区域2:使用换热器用冷水。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba区域3:用乙二醇水热交换器的使用。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba当热通量需要一个积极的价值,它对应于一个需求只加热和电阻(= 1)阶段。一个负值意味着寒冷的请求;在这种情况下,将使用两个热交换器之一,根据热通量的价值。所以,一个值的范围(<年代vg height="14.5625" id="M42" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt;width:43.950001px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 43.950001 14.5625" width="43.950001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.5625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.35)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.61)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.19,60.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 米</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> 我</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.2421122" y="0"> n</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-44.19,60.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> e</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.8858881" y="0"> f</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,<年代vg height="14.5625" id="M43" style="vertical-align:-3.22282pt;width:45.762501px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 45.762501 14.5625" width="45.762501" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.5625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.35)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.61)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.19,60.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 米</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> 一个</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.694944" y="0"> x</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-42.74,60.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> e</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.8858881" y="0"> f</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>),意味着一个请求的冷水冷却,然后只有在冷水中换热器而言(= 2阶段)中的值范围(<年代vg height="16.8375" id="M44" style="vertical-align:-5.04861pt;width:45.775002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 45.775002 16.8375" width="45.775002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.8375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-58.53)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.61)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.19,60.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 米</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> 我</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.2421122" y="0"> n</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-44.19,60.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> e</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.8858881" y="0"> g</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,<年代vg height="14.5625" id="M45" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt;width:43.950001px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 43.950001 14.5625" width="43.950001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.5625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.35)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.61)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.19,60.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 米</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> 我</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.2421122" y="0"> n</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-44.19,60.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> e</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.8858881" y="0"> f</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>),意味着一个请求乙二醇冷却的水,只有对乙二醇换热器而言,(= 3)阶段。整个过程的流程图如图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2012/764614/fig4/" target="_blank">4</一个>。</p><d我v class="partial-carousel-wrapper"> <div class="floats-partial-section"> <div class="floats-partial-content"> <div class="partial-carousel--full-image partial-carousel-963e0c676d8f549ea173ac2ad8497e91"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2012/764614/figures/764614.fig.004.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs"> <div class="partial-carousel-dots-963e0c676d8f549ea173ac2ad8497e91 partial-carousel-thumbnail"> <button aria-label="Slide to " class="partial-carousel-dot"><img loading="lazy" alt="" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2012/764614/thumbnails/764614.fig.004_th.jpg"><br><strong></strong></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle--nav"> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev-963e0c676d8f549ea173ac2ad8497e91 partial-carousel-next-prev"> <button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-prev"></button> <button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-next"></button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图4</秒p一个n><一个一个r我一个-label="View full page" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2012/764614/fig4/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>流程图的监督和控制的电阻。</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> <h4 id="results-and-discussion">5。结果与讨论</h4><p>gydF4y2Ba在本文中,我们目前的仿真结果获得的温度控制放热化学反应之间的酸碱中和盐酸(HCl)和氢氧化钠(氢氧化钠)。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba设定点温度曲线是由第一阶段:加热在1000年代从20 - 40°C;第二阶段:恒定的温度在40°C在1500年代;第三阶段:冷却从40 to15°C在第四阶段:1200年代和500年代期间保持在15°C。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba然而,温度曲线是由ramp-maintain增加和减少ramp-maintain。为了消除不连续造成的变化阶段,设置配置文件过滤的过程被称为“对接”[<一个href="#B8">8</一个>,<gydF4y2Ba一个href="#B17">17</一个>,<gydF4y2Ba一个href="#B30">30.</一个>]。这项研究的结果发表在图(<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2012/764614/fig5/" target="_blank">5</一个>- - - - - -<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2012/764614/fig7/" target="_blank">7</一个>)。</p><d我v class="partial-carousel-wrapper"> <div class="floats-partial-section"> <div class="floats-partial-content"> <div class="partial-carousel--full-image partial-carousel-0a92cecc3d39dd48f5b3131d003877aa"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2012/764614/figures/764614.fig.005.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs"> <div class="partial-carousel-dots-0a92cecc3d39dd48f5b3131d003877aa partial-carousel-thumbnail"> <button aria-label="Slide to " class="partial-carousel-dot"><img loading="lazy" alt="" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2012/764614/thumbnails/764614.fig.005_th.jpg"><br><strong></strong></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle--nav"> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev-0a92cecc3d39dd48f5b3131d003877aa partial-carousel-next-prev"> <button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-prev"></button> <button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-next"></button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图5</秒p一个n><一个一个r我一个-label="View full page" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2012/764614/fig5/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>进化的温度(<年代vg height="14.35" id="M46" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 29.4 14.35" width="29.4" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.35)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.52)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> c</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.8858881" y="0"> o</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.2618876" y="0"> n</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="12.637888" y="0"> 年代</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>),调整设定点(<年代vg height="14.35" id="M47" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 30 14.35" width="30" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.35)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.52)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> c</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.8858881" y="0"> d</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.2618876" y="0"> o</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="12.637888" y="0"> c</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>),反应混合物(<年代vg height="14.2375" id="M48" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 13.8125 14.2375" width="13.8125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.2375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.61)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>),<我>K</gydF4y2Ba我>= 0.5,<gydF4y2Ba年代vg height="14.2375" id="M49" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.125 14.2375" width="17.125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.2375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.61)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.42,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>= 1。</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="partial-carousel-wrapper"> <div class="floats-partial-section"> <div class="floats-partial-content"> <div class="partial-carousel--full-image partial-carousel-0c7e8e2aceedd0ce08e0f130bc989f10"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2012/764614/figures/764614.fig.006.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs"> <div class="partial-carousel-dots-0c7e8e2aceedd0ce08e0f130bc989f10 partial-carousel-thumbnail"> <button aria-label="Slide to " class="partial-carousel-dot"><img loading="lazy" alt="" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2012/764614/thumbnails/764614.fig.006_th.jpg"><br><strong></strong></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle--nav"> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev-0c7e8e2aceedd0ce08e0f130bc989f10 partial-carousel-next-prev"> <button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-prev"></button> <button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-next"></button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图6</秒p一个n><一个一个r我一个-label="View full page" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2012/764614/fig6/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>进化的操纵变量(<我>β</gydF4y2Ba我>),<gydF4y2Ba我>K</gydF4y2Ba我>= 0.5,<gydF4y2Ba年代vg height="14.2375" id="M50" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.125 14.2375" width="17.125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.2375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.61)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.42,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>= 1。</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="partial-carousel-wrapper"> <div class="floats-partial-section"> <div class="floats-partial-content"> <div class="partial-carousel--full-image partial-carousel-2651f3617d9118344e276661d2844d5b"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2012/764614/figures/764614.fig.007.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs"> <div class="partial-carousel-dots-2651f3617d9118344e276661d2844d5b partial-carousel-thumbnail"> <button aria-label="Slide to " class="partial-carousel-dot"><img loading="lazy" alt="" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2012/764614/thumbnails/764614.fig.007_th.jpg"><br><strong></strong></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle--nav"> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev-2651f3617d9118344e276661d2844d5b partial-carousel-next-prev"> <button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-prev"></button> <button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-next"></button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图7</秒p一个n><一个一个r我一个-label="View full page" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2012/764614/fig7/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>演化的热通量和限制热通量,<我>K</gydF4y2Ba我>= 0.5,<gydF4y2Ba年代vg height="14.2375" id="M51" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.125 14.2375" width="17.125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.2375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.61)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.42,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>= 1。</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> <p>图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2012/764614/fig5/" target="_blank">5</一个>我们可以注意到,调整设定点温度(<年代vg height="14.35" id="M52" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt;width:29.4px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 29.4 14.35" width="29.4" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.35)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.52)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> c</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.8858881" y="0"> o</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.2618876" y="0"> n</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="12.637888" y="0"> 年代</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)是正确之后,反应温度(<年代vg height="14.2375" id="M53" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:13.8125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 13.8125 14.2375" width="13.8125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.2375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.61)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)和(<年代vg height="14.35" id="M54" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt;width:30px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 30 14.35" width="30" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.35)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.52)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> c</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.8858881" y="0"> d</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.2618876" y="0"> o</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="12.637888" y="0"> c</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>在几乎所有的温度)。唯一的例外,担忧的开始阶段的维护和冷却阶段的细微差别,然后出现变化的装置。这个微小的区别也是由热通量(的发展翻译<年代vg height="16.237499" id="M55" style="vertical-align:-4.74141pt;width:17.2125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.2125 16.237499" width="17.2125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.2375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-59.01)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.14,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)(图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2012/764614/fig7/" target="_blank">7</一个>)。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2012/764614/fig6/" target="_blank">6</一个>显示被控变量的演化(<我>β</gydF4y2Ba我>)相对应或分数的热力计算的力量的监管机构在使用过程中电阻或分数的流量mono-fluid计算换热器的使用期间用冷水或用乙二醇水热交换器。在图中,这个变量对应的分数时发热量的概要。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2012/764614/fig7/" target="_blank">7</一个>显示了一个常规进化所需的热通量。这个变量需要一个积极的价值时间等于0到2400年代(<年代vg height="16.825001" id="M56" style="vertical-align:-5.03984pt;width:82.362503px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 82.362503 16.825001" width="82.362503" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.825)"> <g transform="translate(72,-58.54)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.61)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> U</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.92,60.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 问</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-54.58,63.61)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ></gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.040389" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-32.77,60.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 米</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> 我</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.2421122" y="0"> n</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-14.78,60.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> c</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.7546079" y="0"> h</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)允许使用电阻,当它成为负(<年代vg height="16.825001" id="M57" style="vertical-align:-5.03984pt;width:145.7375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 145.7375 16.825001" width="145.7375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.825)"> <g transform="translate(72,-58.54)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.61)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.19,60.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 米</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> 我</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.2421122" y="0"> n</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-44.19,60.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> e</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.8858881" y="0"> f</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-33.42,63.61)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> <</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> U</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-12.35,60.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 问</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-4.01,63.61)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> <</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.040389" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,17.8,60.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 米</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> 一个</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.694944" y="0"> x</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,37.24,60.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> e</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.8858881" y="0"> f</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)时间等于2430年代到2610年代它允许使用板式换热器使用冷水,有时= 2790年代到3810年用乙二醇水板式换热器的使用,再到3840年代需要一个积极的价值。我们可以注意到<年代vg height="16.237499" id="M58" style="vertical-align:-4.74141pt;width:17.2125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.2125 16.237499" width="17.2125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.2375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-59.01)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.14,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>扮演了一个角色真正的主管,因为它允许设备的变化只有当有紧急加热或紧急冷却而不至于恶化的跟踪点资料。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba另一个仿真已经完成不同的设定点剖面,与盐酸溶液被介绍给1800年代。仿真包括四个步骤的温度设定点剖面。<年代p一个ncl一个年代年代="list"><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label"></span><span class="list-content">第一阶段:加热在1000年代从20到30°C。</秒p一个n></秒p一个n><年代pan class="list-item"><span class="list-label"></span><span class="list-content">第二阶段:恒定的温度设定点30°C在5000年代。</秒p一个n></秒p一个n><年代pan class="list-item"><span class="list-label"></span><span class="list-content">第三阶段:冷却从30°C到20°C在1000年代。</秒p一个n></秒p一个n><年代pan class="list-item"><span class="list-label"></span><span class="list-content">第四阶段:恒定的温度设定点在20°C在500年代。</秒p一个n></秒p一个n></秒pan></p> <p>结果给出了数据(<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2012/764614/fig8/" target="_blank">8</一个>- - - - - -<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2012/764614/fig10/" target="_blank">10</一个>)。</p><d我v class="partial-carousel-wrapper"> <div class="floats-partial-section"> <div class="floats-partial-content"> <div class="partial-carousel--full-image partial-carousel-e3f445c9c2c230fa8c8623fbd1ad2178"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2012/764614/figures/764614.fig.008.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs"> <div class="partial-carousel-dots-e3f445c9c2c230fa8c8623fbd1ad2178 partial-carousel-thumbnail"> <button aria-label="Slide to " class="partial-carousel-dot"><img loading="lazy" alt="" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2012/764614/thumbnails/764614.fig.008_th.jpg"><br><strong></strong></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle--nav"> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev-e3f445c9c2c230fa8c8623fbd1ad2178 partial-carousel-next-prev"> <button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-prev"></button> <button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-next"></button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图8</秒p一个n><一个一个r我一个-label="View full page" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2012/764614/fig8/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>进化的温度(<年代vg height="14.35" id="M59" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 29.4 14.35" width="29.4" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.35)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.52)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> c</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.8858881" y="0"> o</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.2618876" y="0"> n</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="12.637888" y="0"> 年代</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>),调整设定点(<年代vg height="14.35" id="M60" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 30 14.35" width="30" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.35)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.52)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> c</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.8858881" y="0"> d</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.2618876" y="0"> o</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="12.637888" y="0"> c</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>),反应混合物(<年代vg height="14.2375" id="M61" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 13.8125 14.2375" width="13.8125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.2375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.61)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>),<我>K</gydF4y2Ba我>= 1,<gydF4y2Ba年代vg height="14.2375" id="M62" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.125 14.2375" width="17.125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.2375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.61)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.42,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>= 0.5。</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="partial-carousel-wrapper"> <div class="floats-partial-section"> <div class="floats-partial-content"> <div class="partial-carousel--full-image partial-carousel-fb8b4eb2f058b8b13eb61c5c2c6d88f1"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2012/764614/figures/764614.fig.009.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs"> <div class="partial-carousel-dots-fb8b4eb2f058b8b13eb61c5c2c6d88f1 partial-carousel-thumbnail"> <button aria-label="Slide to " class="partial-carousel-dot"><img loading="lazy" alt="" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2012/764614/thumbnails/764614.fig.009_th.jpg"><br><strong></strong></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle--nav"> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev-fb8b4eb2f058b8b13eb61c5c2c6d88f1 partial-carousel-next-prev"> <button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-prev"></button> <button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-next"></button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图9</秒p一个n><一个一个r我一个-label="View full page" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2012/764614/fig9/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>演化的热通量和限制热通量,<我>K</gydF4y2Ba我>= 1,<gydF4y2Ba年代vg height="14.2375" id="M63" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.125 14.2375" width="17.125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.2375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.61)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.42,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>= 0.5。</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="partial-carousel-wrapper"> <div class="floats-partial-section"> <div class="floats-partial-content"> <div class="partial-carousel--full-image partial-carousel-6d1997cc3587b3f00b531d349158a36b"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2012/764614/figures/764614.fig.0010.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs"> <div class="partial-carousel-dots-6d1997cc3587b3f00b531d349158a36b partial-carousel-thumbnail"> <button aria-label="Slide to " class="partial-carousel-dot"><img loading="lazy" alt="" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2012/764614/thumbnails/764614.fig.0010_th.jpg"><br><strong></strong></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle--nav"> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev-6d1997cc3587b3f00b531d349158a36b partial-carousel-next-prev"> <button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-prev"></button> <button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-next"></button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图10</秒p一个n><一个一个r我一个-label="View full page" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2012/764614/fig10/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>进化的操纵变量(<我>β</gydF4y2Ba我>),<gydF4y2Ba我>K</gydF4y2Ba我>= 1,<gydF4y2Ba年代vg height="14.2375" id="M64" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.125 14.2375" width="17.125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.2375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.61)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.42,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>= 0.5。</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> <p>图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2012/764614/fig8/" target="_blank">8</一个>表明,初的喂养反应混合物的温度(<年代vg height="14.2375" id="M65" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:13.8125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 13.8125 14.2375" width="13.8125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.2375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.61)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)超过设定点温度(<年代vg height="14.35" id="M66" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt;width:29.4px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 29.4 14.35" width="29.4" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.35)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.52)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> c</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.8858881" y="0"> o</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.2618876" y="0"> n</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="12.637888" y="0"> 年代</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)和(<年代vg height="14.35" id="M67" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt;width:30px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 30 14.35" width="30" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.35)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.52)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> c</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.8858881" y="0"> d</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.2618876" y="0"> o</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="12.637888" y="0"> c</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)。通勤的监管系统反应总是在图所示的电阻<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2012/764614/fig9/" target="_blank">9</一个>翻译,也代表了这个扰动振荡的操纵变量(<我>β</gydF4y2Ba我>)(图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2012/764614/fig10/" target="_blank">10</一个>)。喂养年底,我们观察一个大约1°C的超越,这是由于这一事实mono-fluid的温度接近30°C和后期系统返回着陆。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2012/764614/fig9/" target="_blank">9</一个>我们可以观察到5940年代的热通量是负的范围使用的板式换热器用冷水直到6000年代和5970年代的使用板式换热器用乙二醇水然后我们观察之后再热行为的质量变得正确。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba再次证明,监督另一个模拟的策略的性能已经执行了严格的mononitration的放热反应所需的恒温30°C的各种条件。<年代p一个ncl一个年代年代="list"><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label"></span><span class="list-content">第一阶段:加热在1000年代从20到30°C。</秒p一个n></秒p一个n><年代pan class="list-item"><span class="list-label"></span><span class="list-content">第二阶段:1000年代和14800年代之间的恒定的温度设定点喂食。</秒p一个n></秒p一个n><年代pan class="list-item"><span class="list-label"></span><span class="list-content">第三阶段:冷却从30°C到20°C在1000年代。</秒p一个n></秒p一个n><年代pan class="list-item"><span class="list-label"></span><span class="list-content">第四阶段:恒定的温度设定点在20°C在500年代</秒p一个n></秒p一个n></秒pan></p> <p>结果给出了数据(<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2012/764614/fig11/" target="_blank">11</一个>,<gydF4y2Ba一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2012/764614/fig12/" target="_blank">12</一个>,<gydF4y2Ba一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2012/764614/fig13/" target="_blank">13</一个>)。</p><d我v class="partial-carousel-wrapper"> <div class="floats-partial-section"> <div class="floats-partial-content"> <div class="partial-carousel--full-image partial-carousel-160a11bcaad12d5fc7d75ee9a6dcf30e"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2012/764614/figures/764614.fig.0011.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs"> <div class="partial-carousel-dots-160a11bcaad12d5fc7d75ee9a6dcf30e partial-carousel-thumbnail"> <button aria-label="Slide to " class="partial-carousel-dot"><img loading="lazy" alt="" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2012/764614/thumbnails/764614.fig.0011_th.jpg"><br><strong></strong></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle--nav"> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev-160a11bcaad12d5fc7d75ee9a6dcf30e partial-carousel-next-prev"> <button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-prev"></button> <button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-next"></button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图11</秒p一个n><一个一个r我一个-label="View full page" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2012/764614/fig11/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>演化的热通量和限制热通量,<我>K</gydF4y2Ba我>= 0.5,<gydF4y2Ba年代vg height="14.2375" id="M68" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.125 14.2375" width="17.125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.2375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.61)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.42,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>= 0.5。</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="partial-carousel-wrapper"> <div class="floats-partial-section"> <div class="floats-partial-content"> <div class="partial-carousel--full-image partial-carousel-04ed48fd924ffdc3f7fd6a189fd5f1f0"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2012/764614/figures/764614.fig.0012.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs"> <div class="partial-carousel-dots-04ed48fd924ffdc3f7fd6a189fd5f1f0 partial-carousel-thumbnail"> <button aria-label="Slide to " class="partial-carousel-dot"><img loading="lazy" alt="" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2012/764614/thumbnails/764614.fig.0012_th.jpg"><br><strong></strong></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle--nav"> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev-04ed48fd924ffdc3f7fd6a189fd5f1f0 partial-carousel-next-prev"> <button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-prev"></button> <button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-next"></button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图12</秒p一个n><一个一个r我一个-label="View full page" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2012/764614/fig12/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>进化的操纵变量(<我>β</gydF4y2Ba我>),<gydF4y2Ba我>K</gydF4y2Ba我>= 0.5,<gydF4y2Ba年代vg height="14.2375" id="M69" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.125 14.2375" width="17.125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.2375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.61)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.42,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>= 0.5。</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="partial-carousel-wrapper"> <div class="floats-partial-section"> <div class="floats-partial-content"> <div class="partial-carousel--full-image partial-carousel-af1521bee52fac8f349ee51fdbcb1764"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2012/764614/figures/764614.fig.0013.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs"> <div class="partial-carousel-dots-af1521bee52fac8f349ee51fdbcb1764 partial-carousel-thumbnail"> <button aria-label="Slide to " class="partial-carousel-dot"><img loading="lazy" alt="" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2012/764614/thumbnails/764614.fig.0013_th.jpg"><br><strong></strong></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle--nav"> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev-af1521bee52fac8f349ee51fdbcb1764 partial-carousel-next-prev"> <button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-prev"></button> <button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-next"></button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图13</秒p一个n><一个一个r我一个-label="View full page" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2012/764614/fig13/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>进化的温度(<年代vg height="14.35" id="M70" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 29.4 14.35" width="29.4" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.35)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.52)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> c</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.8858881" y="0"> o</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.2618876" y="0"> n</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="12.637888" y="0"> 年代</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>),调整设定点(<年代vg height="14.35" id="M71" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 30 14.35" width="30" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.35)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.52)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> c</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.8858881" y="0"> d</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.2618876" y="0"> o</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="12.637888" y="0"> c</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)和反应混合物(<年代vg height="14.2375" id="M72" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 13.8125 14.2375" width="13.8125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.2375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.61)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>),<我>K</gydF4y2Ba我>= 0.5,<gydF4y2Ba年代vg height="14.2375" id="M73" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.125 14.2375" width="17.125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.2375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.61)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.42,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>= 0.5。</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> <p>人物(<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2012/764614/fig11/" target="_blank">11</一个>- - - - - -<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2012/764614/fig13/" target="_blank">13</一个>)显示的时候喂养的引入,然后伴随着热不良行为特征振荡的热通量,操纵变量(<我>β</gydF4y2Ba我>),反应混合物的温度,这期间喂食,直到结束。这些振荡是由于这样的事实,我们没有考虑释放热量在监管模式产生之后的问题行为不容易掌握。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba此外,如果你想要的结果合理注意身体上的数字<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2012/764614/fig5/" target="_blank">5</一个>,<gydF4y2Ba一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2012/764614/fig6/" target="_blank">6</一个>和<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2012/764614/7" target="_blank">7</一个>获得了<我>K</gydF4y2Ba我>= 0.5,<gydF4y2Ba年代vg height="14.2375" id="M74" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:17.125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.125 14.2375" width="17.125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.2375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.61)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.42,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>= 1,在严格控制质量很好。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba数据<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2012/764614/fig8/" target="_blank">8</一个>来<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2012/764614/fig10/" target="_blank">10</一个>获得了<我>K</gydF4y2Ba我>= 1,<gydF4y2Ba年代vg height="10.325" id="M75" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:18.487499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 18.487499 10.325" width="18.487499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.515023" y="0"> r</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>= 0.5,显示,另一方面有一个小值K = 0.5和不稳定的行为<年代vg height="10.475" id="M76" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:21.8375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 21.8375 10.475" width="21.8375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.475)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.62)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.67)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> K</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.0271664" y="0"> R</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>= 0.5的要求获得一个非常不稳定的行为数据<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2012/764614/fig11/" target="_blank">11</一个>来<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2012/764614/fig13/" target="_blank">13</一个>。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba分析这些结果显示了静态增益值<年代vg height="14.2375" id="M77" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:17.125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.125 14.2375" width="17.125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.2375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.61)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.42,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>对主控制器是有效而至关重要的监管机构负责监督价值<我>K</gydF4y2Ba我>在范围从0.5到1。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba注意,控制器是最关键的PFC1,它充当一个主控制器虽然PFCM用于监督和它的作用变得至关重要改变设备的阶段。</p><h4gydF4y2Baid="conclusion">6。结论</h4><p>gydF4y2Ba新方法的控制和监督。它是基于选择作为被控变量之间的热通量交换反应混合物和夹克。这需要通量计算模型中使用的主控制器是基于监管结构,根据不同液体的极限能力的配置。在本文中,这种方法被应用到一个mono-fluid加热/冷却系统。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba这种方法的应用试验工厂批量反应堆已经被代表。事实证明,至少好必要的基本建模过程。因此内部模型的选择是(PFC)至关重要,因为预测的能力构成的所有规格性能的基础。然而,它需要知道相关的参数反应与一定程度的准确性。即使批量反应堆必须保持多价,反应通常是一定数量的研究。否则,仿真研究表明化学反应所释放的热量时,控制系统允许更好地跟踪设定值温度剖面。这种策略不仅限于mono-fluid加热/冷却系统提出了,但可能会扩展到任何系统液体的数量。因此,监督技术可以被认为是一个适当的解决方案批反应堆的温度控制,和开发控制策略可以实现控制工业批量反应堆。</p><h4我d="nomenclature">命名法</h4><年代p一个ncl一个年代年代="GlossGroup-title"><i class="GlossGroup-title"></i></span> <table class="gloss-abbr" style="font-size:12px"> <tbody> <tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="16.825001" id="M78" style="vertical-align:-5.03984pt;width:27.1625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 27.1625 16.825001" width="27.1625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.825)"> <g transform="translate(72,-58.54)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.61)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.99,60.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> r</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.695616" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.883616" y="0"> p</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.2596159" y="0"> r</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>:</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="left">反应混合物之间的传热面积,反应堆墙,m<年代up>2</秒up></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="16.825001" id="M79" style="vertical-align:-5.03984pt;width:32.012501px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 32.012501 16.825001" width="32.012501" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.825)"> <g transform="translate(72,-58.54)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.61)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.99,60.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> p</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> r</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="7.0716162" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.2596159" y="0"> f</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="12.174032" y="0"> c</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>:</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="left">反应器壁之间的传热面积和mono-fluid, m<年代up>2</秒up></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="14.4375" id="M80" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt;width:27.375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 27.375 14.4375" width="27.375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.4375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.45)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.71)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.389513" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-57.45,60.58)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> f</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9144161" y="0"> c</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>:</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="left">mono-fluid比热,KJ /公斤·K</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="14.4375" id="M81" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt;width:29.025px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 29.025 14.4375" width="29.025" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.4375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.45)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.71)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.389513" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-57.45,60.58)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> c</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.7546079" y="0"> h</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>:</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="left">比热mono-fluid流动的内部电阻,KJ /公斤·K</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="14.3375" id="M82" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:23.3375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 23.3375 14.3375" width="23.3375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.53)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.71)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.389513" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-57.45,60.58)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>:</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="left">反应混合物的比热,焦每公斤·K</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="14.45" id="M83" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:23.9625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 23.9625 14.45" width="23.9625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.45)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.44)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.71)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.389513" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-57.45,60.58)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>:</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="left">比热的液体反应物饲料,KJ /公斤·K</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="14.3625" id="M84" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:15.4875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 15.4875 14.3625" width="15.4875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.51)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.22,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>:</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="left">液态反应物进料流量,m<年代up>3</秒up>/秒</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="14.35" id="M85" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt;width:18.9125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 18.9125 14.35" width="18.9125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.35)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.52)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.22,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> f</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9144161" y="0"> c</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>:</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="left">通过double-envelope Mono-fluid流量,m<年代up>3</秒up>·年代<年代up>−1</秒up></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="14.35" id="M86" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt;width:18.9125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 18.9125 14.35" width="18.9125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.35)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.52)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.22,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> f</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9144161" y="0"> c</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>:</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="left">实用流体流量,m<年代up>3</秒up>/秒</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"><i>K</我>:</ggydF4y2BaydF4y2Batd> <td align="left">反应堆稳态增益(PFCM控制器),K / KJ</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="14.2375" id="M87" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:17.125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.125 14.2375" width="17.125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.2375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.61)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.42,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>:</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="left">反应堆稳态增益(PFC1控制器)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="14.3625" id="M88" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:17.737499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.737499 14.3625" width="17.737499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.51)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.42,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>:</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="left">稳态液体反应物饲料收获</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="14.65" id="M89" style="vertical-align:-3.4686pt;width:23.875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 23.875 14.65" width="23.875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.65)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.28)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.42,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-56.37,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> r</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>:</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="left">稳态释放热量增益,s·K / KJ</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="16.174999" id="M90" style="vertical-align:-4.68874pt;width:61.0625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 61.0625 16.174999" width="61.0625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.175)"> <g transform="translate(72,-59.06)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.52,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> e</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.8858881" y="0"> l</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.318944" y="0"> e</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.204832" y="0"> c</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-47.51,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9144161" y="0"> 米</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.7234716" y="0"> 一个</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="13.60936" y="0"> x</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="20.891024" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>:</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="left">最大电能值,KJ / s</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="14.5625" id="M91" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt;width:43.950001px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 43.950001 14.5625" width="43.950001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.5625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.35)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.61)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.19,60.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 米</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> 我</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.2421122" y="0"> n</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-44.19,60.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> e</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.8858881" y="0"> f</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>:</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="left">最小的热通量的冷水,KJ / s</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="14.5625" id="M92" style="vertical-align:-3.22282pt;width:45.762501px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 45.762501 14.5625" width="45.762501" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.5625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.35)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.61)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.19,60.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 米</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> 一个</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.694944" y="0"> x</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-42.74,60.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> e</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.8858881" y="0"> f</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>:</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="left">最大热通量的冷水,KJ / s</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="16.8375" id="M93" style="vertical-align:-5.04861pt;width:45.775002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 45.775002 16.8375" width="45.775002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.8375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-58.53)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.61)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.19,60.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 米</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> 我</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.2421122" y="0"> n</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-44.19,60.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> e</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.8858881" y="0"> g</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>:</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="left">最小的热通量乙二醇/水,KJ / s</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="16.8375" id="M94" style="vertical-align:-5.04861pt;width:47.587502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 47.587502 16.8375" width="47.587502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.8375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-58.53)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.61)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.19,60.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 米</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> 一个</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.694944" y="0"> x</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-42.74,60.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> e</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.8858881" y="0"> g</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>:</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="left">最大热通量的乙二醇/水,KJ / s</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="14.5625" id="M95" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt;width:45.599998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 45.599998 14.5625" width="45.599998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.5625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.35)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.61)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.19,60.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 米</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> 我</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.2421122" y="0"> n</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-44.19,60.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> c</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.745856" y="0"> h</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>:</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="left">最小的电阻的热通量,KJ / s</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="14.5625" id="M96" style="vertical-align:-3.22282pt;width:47.412498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 47.412498 14.5625" width="47.412498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.5625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.35)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.61)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.19,60.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 米</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> 一个</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.694944" y="0"> x</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-42.74,60.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> c</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.7546079" y="0"> h</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>:</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="left">电阻的最大热通量,KJ / s</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="14.6625" id="M97" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:16.025px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16.025 14.6625" width="16.025" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.6625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.3,60.32)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>:</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="left">化学反应所释放的热量,KJ / s</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="14.3625" id="M98" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:14.2125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 14.2125 14.3625" width="14.2125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.51)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>:</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="left">进口夹克温度,K</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="14.3625" id="M99" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:14.425px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 14.425 14.3625" width="14.425" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.51)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>:</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="left">液体反应物进料温度,K</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="14.35" id="M100" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt;width:19.5px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 19.5 14.35" width="19.5" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.35)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.52)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> c</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.745856" y="0"> h</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>:</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="left">Mono-fluid出口温度的电阻,K</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="18.975" id="M101" style="vertical-align:-4.37753pt;width:20.3125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 20.3125 18.975" width="20.3125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,18.975)"> <g transform="translate(72,-56.82)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,61.23)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.07,66.24)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,56.96)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> c</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.745856" y="0"> h</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>:</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="left">Mono-fluid进气温度的电阻,K</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="14.35" id="M102" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt;width:30px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 30 14.35" width="30" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.35)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.52)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> c</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.8858881" y="0"> d</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.2618876" y="0"> o</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="12.637888" y="0"> c</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>:</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="left">对接设定点温度,K</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="14.35" id="M103" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt;width:29.4px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 29.4 14.35" width="29.4" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.35)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.52)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> c</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.8858881" y="0"> o</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.2618876" y="0"> n</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="12.637888" y="0"> 年代</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>:</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="left">设定点温度、K</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="14.2375" id="M104" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:13.8125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 13.8125 14.2375" width="13.8125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.2375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.61)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>:</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="left">反应混合物的温度,K</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="14.3625" id="M105" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:14.1625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 14.1625 14.3625" width="14.1625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.51)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>:</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="left">出口温度夹克,K</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="14.35" id="M106" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt;width:23.924999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 23.924999 14.35" width="23.924999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.35)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.52)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 年代</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.4045279" y="0"> d</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="7.7805281" y="0"> e</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>:</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="left">出口monofluid温度,K</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"><i>U</我>:</ggydF4y2BaydF4y2Batd> <td align="left">mono-fluid之间的传热系数和反应混合物,KJ / m<年代up>2</秒up>K·s</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="16.612499" id="M107" style="vertical-align:-5.03984pt;width:31.825001px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 31.825001 16.612499" width="31.825001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.6125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-58.71)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.14,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> p</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> r</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="7.0716162" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.2596159" y="0"> f</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="12.174032" y="0"> c</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>:</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="left">反应器壁之间的传热系数和mono-fluid KJ / m<年代up>2</秒up>K·s</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="16.237499" id="M108" style="vertical-align:-4.74141pt;width:17.112499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.112499 16.237499" width="17.112499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.2375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-59.01)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.14,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>:</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="left">部分加热的力量<年代vg height="16.6" id="M109" style="vertical-align:-4.74141pt;width:71.525002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 71.525002 16.6" width="71.525002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.6)"> <g transform="translate(72,-58.72)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.7148314" y="0"> ≤</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.75522" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-41.37,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-33.12,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ≤</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="14.2375" id="M110" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:14.2px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 14.2 14.2375" width="14.2" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.2375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.61)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.76,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>:</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="left">体积的反应混合物在反应堆内部,m<年代up>3</秒up></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <span class="GlossGroup-title"><i class="GlossGroup-title">希腊字母</我></秒p一个n><table class="gloss-abbr" style="font-size:12px"> <tbody> <tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="10.925" id="M111" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:13.0625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 13.0625 10.925" width="13.0625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.925)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.26)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.67,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>:</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="left">反应混合物的密度,公斤/米<年代up>3</秒up></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="11.05" id="M112" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:13.675px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 13.675 11.05" width="13.675" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.05)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.16)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.67,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>:</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="left">密度的液体反应物饲料,公斤/米<年代up>3</秒up></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="11.0375" id="M113" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt;width:18.75px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 18.75 11.0375" width="18.75" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.17)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.67,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> c</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.745856" y="0"> h</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>:</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="left">密度mono-fluid内部电阻,公斤/米<年代up>3</秒up></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="11.0375" id="M114" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt;width:17.0875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.0875 11.0375" width="17.0875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.17)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.67,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> f</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9144161" y="0"> c</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>:</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="left">密度mono-fluid夹克,公斤/米<年代up>3</秒up>。</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> <div class="ArticleReferences_xmlContent__p_40j"> <h4 class="ArticleReferences_references__GH2t_" id="references">引用</h4><olcl一个年代年代="ArticleReferences_orderedReferences__mJr9M"> <li class="ArticleReferences_articleReference__ouEuh" id="B1"> <div class="referenceContent"> <p class="referenceText">m·r·朱巴和j·w·锤,“以批处理过程控制进展和挑战,”<我>《化工过程控制(中国共产党86年)</我>,3卷,第183 - 139页,爱思唯尔,1986年。</p>gydF4y2Ba视图:<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Progress%20and%20challenges%20in%20batch%20process%20control&author=M.%20R.%20Juba&author=J.%20W.%20Hammer" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">谷歌学术搜索</一个></d我v></li> <li class="ArticleReferences_articleReference__ouEuh" id="B2"> <div class="referenceContent"> <p class="referenceText">l·d·施密特<我>化学反应工程</我>,牛津大学出版社,纽约,纽约,美国,2005年。</p></d我v></li> <li class="ArticleReferences_articleReference__ouEuh" id="B3"> <div class="referenceContent"> <p class="referenceText">m·弗里德里希·r·Perne”批reactors-an工业设计和控制的角度来看,“<我>电脑和化学工程</我>补充卷。19日,S357-S368, 1995页。</p>gydF4y2Ba视图:<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Design%20and%20control%20of%20batch%20reactors%E2%80%94an%20industrial%20viewpoint&author=M.%20Friedrich&author=R.%20Perne&publication_year=1995" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">谷歌学术搜索</一个></d我v></li> <li class="ArticleReferences_articleReference__ouEuh" id="B4"> <div class="referenceContent"> <p class="referenceText">p . Dostal诉Bobal, f . Gazdoš”模拟的非线性自适应控制连续搅拌釜反应器,”<我>国际期刊的数学和计算机模拟</我>,5卷,不。4、370 - 377年,2011页。</p>gydF4y2Ba视图:<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Simulation%20of%20nonlinear%20adaptive%20control%20of%20a%20continuous%20stirred%20tank%20reactor&author=P.%20Dost%C3%A1l&author=V.%20Bob%C3%A1l&author=F.%20Gazdo%C5%A1&publication_year=2011" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">谷歌学术搜索</一个></d我v></li> <li class="ArticleReferences_articleReference__ouEuh" id="B5"> <div class="referenceContent"> <p class="referenceText">k . Preu<我>β</gydF4y2Ba我>米。v . Le Lanne, g . Anne-Archard”监察批反应堆的温度控制:应用工业工厂,”<我>程序的化学过程的先进控制国际研讨会(ADCHEM ' 00)</我>1卷,第230 - 225页,2000年。</p>gydF4y2Ba视图:<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Supervisory%20temperature%20control%20of%20batch%20reactors%3A%20application%20to%20industrial%20plant&author=K.%20Preu%3Ci%3E%CE%B2%3C%2Fi%3E&author=M.%20V.%20Le%20Lanne&author=G.%20Anne-Archard" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">谷歌学术搜索</一个></d我v></li> <li class="ArticleReferences_articleReference__ouEuh" id="B6"> <div class="referenceContent"> <p class="referenceText">h . Bouhenchir m . Cabassud m . v . Le Lann和g . Casamatta。,“A heating/cooling management to improve controllability of batch reactor equipped with a monofluid heating/cooling system,” in<我>学报第十届欧洲计算机辅助过程工程研讨会</我>Sauro皮耶路奇指出,页601 - 606年,佛罗伦萨,意大利,2000年。</p>gydF4y2Ba视图:<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=A%20heating%2Fcooling%20management%20to%20improve%20controllability%20of%20batch%20reactor%20equipped%20with%20a%20monofluid%20heating%2Fcooling%20system&author=H.%20Bouhenchir&author=M.%20Cabassud&author=M.%20V.%20Le%20Lann&author=G.%20Casamatta." target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">谷歌学术搜索</一个></d我v></li> <li class="ArticleReferences_articleReference__ouEuh" id="B7"> <div class="referenceContent"> <p class="referenceText">f . Xaumier m . v . Le Lann m . Cabassud和g . Casamatta”实验的应用非线性模型预测控制:温度控制的工业semi-batch中试装置的反应堆,”<我>《过程控制</我>,12卷,不。6,687 - 693年,2002页。</p>gydF4y2Ba视图:<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0959-1524(01)00057-9" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">出版商的网站</一个><年代p一个ncl一个年代年代="sep">|</秒p一个n><一个href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Experimental%20application%20of%20nonlinear%20model%20predictive%20control%3A%20temperature%20control%20of%20an%20industrial%20semi-batch%20pilot-plant%20reactor&author=F.%20Xaumier&author=M.%20V.%20Le%20Lann&author=M.%20Cabassud&author=G.%20Casamatta&publication_year=2002" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">谷歌学术搜索</一个></d我v></li> <li class="ArticleReferences_articleReference__ouEuh" id="B8"> <div class="referenceContent"> <p class="referenceText">h . Bouhenchir m . Cabassud和m . v . Le Lann”预测函数控制一批化学反应器的温度控制,”<我>电脑和化学工程</我>,30卷,不。6 - 7,1141 - 1154年,2006页。</p>gydF4y2Ba视图:<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compchemeng.2006.02.014" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">出版商的网站</一个><年代p一个ncl一个年代年代="sep">|</秒p一个n><一个href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Predictive%20functional%20control%20for%20the%20temperature%20control%20of%20a%20chemical%20batch%20reactor&author=H.%20Bouhenchir&author=M.%20Cabassud&author=M.%20V.%20Le%20Lann&publication_year=2006" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">谷歌学术搜索</一个></d我v></li> <li class="ArticleReferences_articleReference__ouEuh" id="B9"> <div class="referenceContent"> <p class="referenceText">p . Dostal j . Vojtěšek,诉Bobal”模拟连续搅拌釜反应器的自适应控制,”<我>学报》第23届欧洲会议建模与仿真(ecm ' 09)</我>,第630 - 625页,马德里,西班牙,2009年。</p>gydF4y2Ba视图:<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Simulation%20of%20adaptive%20control%20of%20a%20continuous%20stirred%20tank%20reactor&author=P.%20Dost%C3%A1l&author=J.%20Vojt%C4%9B%C5%A1ek&author=V.%20Bob%C3%A1l" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">谷歌学术搜索</一个></d我v></li> <li class="ArticleReferences_articleReference__ouEuh" id="B10"> <div class="referenceContent"> <p class="referenceText">p . Dostal诉Bobal, f . Gazdoš”自适应控制的非线性过程:连续时间与三角洲模型参数估计,”<我>IFAC适应和学习研讨会的程序控制和信号处理(ALCOSP ' 04)</我>,页273 - 278年,日本横滨,2004。</p>gydF4y2Ba视图:<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Adaptive%20control%20of%20nonlinear%20processes%3A%20continuous-time%20versus%20delta%20model%20parameter%20estimation&author=P.%20Dost%C3%A1l&author=V.%20Bob%C3%A1l&author=F.%20Gazdo%C5%A1" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">谷歌学术搜索</一个></d我v></li> <li class="ArticleReferences_articleReference__ouEuh" id="B11"> <div class="referenceContent"> <p class="referenceText">m . Kubalčik诉Bobal,“自调优控制连续时间系统,”<我>圆柱交易系统和控制</我>,5卷,不。10日,802 - 813年,2010页。</p>gydF4y2Ba视图:<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Self-tuning%20control%20of%20continuous-time%20systems&author=M.%20Kubal%C4%8D%C3%ADk&author=V.%20Bob%C3%A1l&publication_year=2010" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">谷歌学术搜索</一个></d我v></li> <li class="ArticleReferences_articleReference__ouEuh" id="B12"> <div class="referenceContent"> <p class="referenceText">r .柏柏尔语,“批量反应堆的控制:一个评论,”<我>基于模型的过程控制方法</我>,r。柏柏尔人。页459 - 493,Kluwer学术出版商,Dordercht,荷兰,1995年。</p>gydF4y2Ba视图:<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Control%20of%20batch%20reactors%3A%20a%20review&author=R.%20Berber&publication_year=1995" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">谷歌学术搜索</一个></d我v></li> <li class="ArticleReferences_articleReference__ouEuh" id="B13"> <div class="referenceContent"> <p class="referenceText">z Louleh、m . Cabassud和m . v . Le Lann”新战略的批量反应堆温度控制:实验应用,”<我>化学工程杂志</我>,卷75,不。1、11日至20日,1999页。</p>gydF4y2Ba视图:<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S1385-8947(99)00073-X" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">出版商的网站</一个><年代p一个ncl一个年代年代="sep">|</秒p一个n><一个href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=A%20new%20strategy%20for%20temperature%20control%20of%20batch%20reactors%3A%20experimental%20application&author=Z.%20Louleh&author=M.%20Cabassud&author=M.%20V.%20Le%20Lann&publication_year=1999" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">谷歌学术搜索</一个></d我v></li> <li class="ArticleReferences_articleReference__ouEuh" id="B14"> <div class="referenceContent"> <p class="referenceText">r . Matusu和r·h神”实验验证设计方法的常规PI / PID控制器,”<我>圆柱交易系统和控制</我>,5卷,不。5,269 - 280年,2010页。</p>gydF4y2Ba视图:<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Experimental%20verification%20of%20design%20methods%20for%20conventional%20PI%2FPID%20controllers&author=R.%20Matusu&author=R.%20Prokop&publication_year=2010" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">谷歌学术搜索</一个></d我v></li> <li class="ArticleReferences_articleReference__ouEuh" id="B15"> <div class="referenceContent"> <p class="referenceText">g . Marroquin和w·l·Luyben”实验评估非线性级联控制器为批量反应堆,”<我>工业和工程化学基础</我>,11卷,不。4、552 - 556年,1972页。</p>gydF4y2Ba视图:<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Experimental%20evaluation%20of%20nonlinear%20cascade%20controllers%20for%20batch%20reactors&author=G.%20Marroquin&author=W.%20L.%20Luyben&publication_year=1972" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">谷歌学术搜索</一个></d我v></li> <li class="ArticleReferences_articleReference__ouEuh" id="B16"> <div class="referenceContent"> <p class="referenceText">r . w . Chylla和d r•哈斯“半连续聚合反应堆的温度控制<我>电脑和化学工程</我>,17卷,不。3、257 - 264年,1993页。</p>gydF4y2Ba视图:<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Temperature%20control%20of%20semibatch%20polymerization%20reactors&author=R.%20W.%20Chylla&author=D.%20R.%20Haase&publication_year=1993" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">谷歌学术搜索</一个></d我v></li> <li class="ArticleReferences_articleReference__ouEuh" id="B17"> <div class="referenceContent"> <p class="referenceText">h . Bouchenchir m . Cabassud m . v . Le Lann和g . Casamatta“通用仿真模型和加热/冷却策略来改善批反应堆的可控性,”<我>反式IChemE</我>,卷79,不。6,641 - 654年,2001页。</p>gydF4y2Ba视图:<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> <a href="https://doi.org/10.1205/026387601316971217" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">出版商的网站</一个><年代p一个ncl一个年代年代="sep">|</秒p一个n><一个href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=A%20general%20simulation%20model%20and%20a%20heating%2Fcooling%20strategy%20to%20improve%20controllability%20of%20batch%20reactors&author=H.%20Bouchenchir&author=M.%20Cabassud&author=M.%20V.%20Le%20Lann&author=G.%20Casamatta&publication_year=2001" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">谷歌学术搜索</一个></d我v></li> <li class="ArticleReferences_articleReference__ouEuh" id="B18"> <div class="referenceContent"> <p class="referenceText">M.-V。Le Lann m . Cabassud, g . Casamatta“自适应模型预测控制,”<我>基于模型的过程控制方法</我>,r。柏柏尔人。页426 - 458,Kluwer学术出版商,多德雷赫特,荷兰,1995年。</p>gydF4y2Ba视图:<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Adaptive%20model%20predictive%20control&author=M.-V.%20Le%20Lann&author=M.%20Cabassud&author=G.%20Casamatta&publication_year=1995" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">谷歌学术搜索</一个></d我v></li> <li class="ArticleReferences_articleReference__ouEuh" id="B19"> <div class="referenceContent"> <p class="referenceText">j·d·罗德里格斯,e·c·托莱多诉和r·马舍尔球场,“predictive-adaptive GPC控制器的优化方法应用于馈料式生物反应器使用完整的阶乘设计,“<我>电脑和化学工程</我>,26卷,不。10日,1493 - 1500年,2002页。</p>gydF4y2Ba视图:<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0098-1354(02)00099-6" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">出版商的网站</一个><年代p一个ncl一个年代年代="sep">|</秒p一个n><一个href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=A%20tuned%20approach%20of%20the%20predictive-adaptive%20GPC%20controller%20applied%20to%20a%20fed-batch%20bioreactor%20using%20complete%20factorial%20design&author=J.%20A.%20D.%20Rodrigues&author=E.%20C.%20V.%20Toledo&author=R.%20Maciel%20Filho&publication_year=2002" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">谷歌学术搜索</一个></d我v></li> <li class="ArticleReferences_articleReference__ouEuh" id="B20"> <div class="referenceContent"> <p class="referenceText">b . Ettedgui<我>非线性预测控制在精细化工批处理反应堆</我>,博士论文,ENSIGC INP图卢兹,1999年。</p></d我v></li> <li class="ArticleReferences_articleReference__ouEuh" id="B21"> <div class="referenceContent"> <p class="referenceText">a . Astolfi d Karagiannis, r·奥尔特加<我>非线性和自适应控制的应用程序</我>施普林格,伦敦,英国,2008年。</p></d我v></li> <li class="ArticleReferences_articleReference__ouEuh" id="B22"> <div class="referenceContent"> <p class="referenceText">loannou p, b . Fidan<我>自适应控制教程</我>、暹罗、费城,宾夕法尼亚州,美国,2006年。</p></d我v></li> <li class="ArticleReferences_articleReference__ouEuh" id="B23"> <div class="referenceContent"> <p class="referenceText">m . Huba和m . Ondera”模拟非线性控制系统表示为广义传递函数,”<我>《欧洲控制会议</我>,页1444 - 1449,布达佩斯,匈牙利,2009。</p>gydF4y2Ba视图:<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Simulation%20of%20nonlinear%20control%20systems%20represented%20as%20generalized%20transfer%20functions&author=M.%20Huba&author=M.%20Ondera" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">谷歌学术搜索</一个></d我v></li> <li class="ArticleReferences_articleReference__ouEuh" id="B24"> <div class="referenceContent"> <p class="referenceText">c . Banyasz和l . Keviczky”一个简单的PID调节器适用于一类可分解因子的非线性植物”<我>诉讼的美国控制会议</我>安克雷奇,页2354 - 2359年,阿拉斯加,2002年5月。</p>gydF4y2Ba视图:<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=A%20simple%20PID%20regulator%20applicable%20for%20a%20class%20of%20factorable%20nonlinear%20plants&author=C.%20B%C3%A1ny%C3%A1sz&author=L.%20Keviczky" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">谷歌学术搜索</一个></d我v></li> <li class="ArticleReferences_articleReference__ouEuh" id="B25"> <div class="referenceContent"> <p class="referenceText">h . Vallery m . Neumaier m·巴斯,“Anti-causal汉默斯坦的识别模型,”<我>《欧洲控制会议</我>,页1071 - 1076,布达佩斯,匈牙利,2009。</p>gydF4y2Ba视图:<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Anti-causal%20identification%20of%20Hammerstein%20models&author=H.%20Vallery&author=M.%20Neumaier&author=M.%20Buss" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">谷歌学术搜索</一个></d我v></li> <li class="ArticleReferences_articleReference__ouEuh" id="B26"> <div class="referenceContent"> <p class="referenceText">c .卢普d Popescu, a . Udrea“非线性过程的实时控制应用程序基于自适应控制和静态特性,”<我>圆柱交易系统和控制</我>,3卷,第616 - 607页,2008年。</p>gydF4y2Ba视图:<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Real-time%20control%20applications%20for%20nonlinear%20processes%20based%20on%20adaptive%20control%20and%20the%20static%20characteristic&author=C.%20Lupu&author=D.%20Popescu&author=A.%20Udrea&publication_year=2008" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">谷歌学术搜索</一个></d我v></li> <li class="ArticleReferences_articleReference__ouEuh" id="B27"> <div class="referenceContent"> <p class="referenceText">p . Dostal f . Gazdoš诉Bobal, j . Vojtěšek”自适应控制的连续搅拌釜反应器由两个反馈控制器,”<我>学报》第九IFAC车间适应和学习控制和信号处理(ALCOSP ' 07)</我>,页1 - 6,圣彼得堡,俄罗斯,2007年。</p>gydF4y2Ba视图:<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Adaptive%20control%20of%20a%20continuous%20stirred%20tank%20reactor%20by%20two%20feedback%20controllers&author=P.%20Dost%C3%A1l&author=F.%20Gazdo%C5%A1&author=V.%20Bob%C3%A1l&author=J.%20Vojt%C4%9B%C5%A1ek" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">谷歌学术搜索</一个></d我v></li> <li class="ArticleReferences_articleReference__ouEuh" id="B28"> <div class="referenceContent"> <p class="referenceText">z Louleh, m . Cabassud m . v . Le Lann A . Chamayou和g . Casamatta”一批新的heating-cooling系统提高可控性的反应堆,”<我>化学工程科学</我>,51卷,不。11日,第3168 - 3163页,1996年。</p>gydF4y2Ba视图:<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=A%20new%20heating-cooling%20system%20to%20improve%20controllability%20of%20batch%20reactors&author=Z.%20Louleh&author=M.%20Cabassud&author=M.%20V.%20Le%20Lann&author=A.%20Chamayou&author=G.%20Casamatta&publication_year=1996" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">谷歌学术搜索</一个></d我v></li> <li class="ArticleReferences_articleReference__ouEuh" id="B29"> <div class="referenceContent"> <p class="referenceText">z Louleh,<我>建模和控制批量反应堆热流分析</我>,博士论文,INP图卢兹,法国,1996年。</p></d我v></li> <li class="ArticleReferences_articleReference__ouEuh" id="B30"> <div class="referenceContent"> <p class="referenceText">h . Bouhenchir<我>实现预测控制驾驶一批热反应器配备一个流体</我>20.00年,博士论文,可使图卢兹。</p></d我v></li> </ol> </div> <h4 class="copyright-title" id="copyright">版权</h4><d我v class="copyright-body"> 版权©2012 Ghania Henini等。这是一个开放的分布式下文章<一个rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/">知识共享归属许可</一个>,它允许无限制的使用、分配和复制在任何媒介,提供最初的工作是正确引用。</d我v> <div id="related-articles"></div> </div> </div> <div class="ant-col ThreeColumnLayout_rightColumn__b_MuL"> <div> <div> <div class="ArticleRightSection_articleRightSection__rG8Zh"> <div class="ArticleToolbar_articleToolbar__8fsAH"> <a href="https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/mse/2012/764614.pdf" class="ButtonGroup_buttonGroupWrapper__Rqhy0" role="button" type="primary" aria-label="PDF" tabindex="0" unselectable="on" target="_blank" data-testid="download-pdf"><span class="ButtonGroup_leftGroup__FJAmS"><span role="img" class="anticon ButtonGroup_buttonGroupWrapperIcon__CFikg"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em" viewbox="0 0 19 24"> <path d="M16.772,24H2.227A2.163,2.163,0,0,1,0,21.746V2.255A2.159,2.159,0,0,1,2.227,0H12.415L12.9.494h.03V.523L19,6.669V21.746A2.161,2.161,0,0,1,16.772,24ZM2.334,1A1.276,1.276,0,0,0,1,2.358V21.642A1.283,1.283,0,0,0,2.334,23H16.665A1.276,1.276,0,0,0,18,21.642V7.087l-.032-.033H14.215A2.131,2.131,0,0,1,12.02,4.832V1.005L12.015,1ZM13,2V4.745A1.192,1.192,0,0,0,14.261,6H17ZM4.012,20A1.032,1.032,0,0,1,3,18.923a2.505,2.505,0,0,1,.967-1.539,8.15,8.15,0,0,1,2.377-1.418c.344-.779.65-1.6.92-2.327l.008-.022.017-.046.009-.024c.2-.539.453-1.209.71-1.827a4.545,4.545,0,0,1-.372-3.862c.267-.569.6-.858.976-.858.556,0,.964.621,1.015,1.546a7.125,7.125,0,0,1-.681,3.143c.158.305.343.624.55.949a7.127,7.127,0,0,0,1.806,1.9,8.681,8.681,0,0,1,2.023-.279,4.23,4.23,0,0,1,1.468.238c.118.047,1.156.478,1.2,1.143a.688.688,0,0,1-.412.67,2.509,2.509,0,0,1-1.164.242,4.757,4.757,0,0,1-.671-.052,6.631,6.631,0,0,1-2.608-1.025c-.163.042-.323.086-.514.138l-.1.026-.15.041c-.235.067-.464.13-.679.185l-.292.076-.025.006-.019,0c-.794.205-1.615.418-2.4.705A14.033,14.033,0,0,1,6,18.437C5.832,18.7,4.941,20,4.012,20ZM6,17a6.865,6.865,0,0,0-1.287.871A1.927,1.927,0,0,0,4,18.831a.12.12,0,0,0,.041.1A.165.165,0,0,0,4.17,19c.327,0,.965-.631,1.356-1.219C5.671,17.564,5.83,17.3,6,17Zm7.044-2A4.632,4.632,0,0,0,12,15.131a4.76,4.76,0,0,0,1.675.792A2.906,2.906,0,0,0,14.32,16a1.629,1.629,0,0,0,.68-.13,2.672,2.672,0,0,0-.584-.528A2.752,2.752,0,0,0,13.045,15ZM8.166,13c-.177.449-.343.884-.481,1.25l-.01.025-.009.024-.007.02-.035.092-.032.085c-.156.409-.37.97-.59,1.5.6-.181,1.229-.341,1.733-.469l.031-.008.055-.014.028-.007.028-.007.307-.078c.191-.048.4-.105.674-.179l.03-.008.005,0,.036-.01.036-.01.01,0,.01,0,.016,0a8.291,8.291,0,0,1-1.566-1.767C8.341,13.285,8.264,13.16,8.166,13Zm.516-5a1.64,1.64,0,0,0-.34.365A2.425,2.425,0,0,0,8.437,11a4.012,4.012,0,0,0,.553-2.22A1.309,1.309,0,0,0,8.681,8Z" fill="currentColor"></path> </svg></span><span>PDF</秒p一个n></秒p一个n><年代pan role="img" class="anticon ButtonGroup_buttonGroupWrapperIcon__CFikg"> <svg width="1em" height="1em" viewbox="0 0 20 22"> <defs> <clippath> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3,22a3,3,0,0,1-3-3V16a1,1,0,0,1,2,0v3a1,1,0,0,0,1,1H17a1,1,0,0,0,1-1V16a1,1,0,1,1,2,0v3a3,3,0,0,1-3,3Zm6.288-6.3-4-4a1,1,0,0,1,1.414-1.414L9,12.586V1a1,1,0,0,1,2,0V12.586l2.293-2.293a1,1,0,0,1,1.414,1.414l-4,4a1,1,0,0,1-1.423,0Z" fill="currentColor"></path> </clippath> </defs> <g> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3,22a3,3,0,0,1-3-3V16a1,1,0,0,1,2,0v3a1,1,0,0,0,1,1H17a1,1,0,0,0,1-1V16a1,1,0,1,1,2,0v3a3,3,0,0,1-3,3Zm6.288-6.3-4-4a1,1,0,0,1,1.414-1.414L9,12.586V1a1,1,0,0,1,2,0V12.586l2.293-2.293a1,1,0,0,1,1.414,1.414l-4,4a1,1,0,0,1-1.423,0Z" fill="currentColor"></path> </g> </svg></span></a> <a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2012/764614.ris" class="ButtonGroup_buttonGroupWrapper__Rqhy0" role="button" type="ghost" aria-label="Download Citation" tabindex="0" unselectable="on" data-testid="download-citation"><span class="ButtonGroup_leftGroup__FJAmS"><span role="img" class="anticon ButtonGroup_buttonGroupWrapperIcon__CFikg"> <svg width="1em" height="1em" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M16 12H8C7.44772 12 7 12.4477 7 13C7 13.5523 7.44772 14 8 14H16C16.5523 14 17 13.5523 17 13C17 12.4477 16.5523 12 16 12Z" fill="currentColor"></path> <path d="M16 16H8C7.44772 16 7 16.4477 7 17C7 17.5523 7.44772 18 8 18H16C16.5523 18 17 17.5523 17 17C17 16.4477 16.5523 16 16 16Z" fill="currentColor"></path> <path d="M10 8H8C7.44772 8 7 8.44772 7 9C7 9.55228 7.44772 10 8 10H10C10.5523 10 11 9.55228 11 9C11 8.44772 10.5523 8 10 8Z" fill="currentColor"></path> <path d="M15 2C15 1.44772 14.5523 1 14 1C13.4477 1 13 1.44772 13 2V8C13 8.55228 13.4477 9 14 9H20C20.5523 9 21 8.55228 21 8C21 7.44772 20.5523 7 20 7H15V2Z" fill="currentColor"></path> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M14.7071 1.29289C14.5196 1.10536 14.2652 1 14 1H6C4.34315 1 3 2.34315 3 4V20C3 21.6569 4.34315 23 6 23H18C19.6569 23 21 21.6569 21 20V8C21 7.73478 20.8946 7.48043 20.7071 7.29289L14.7071 1.29289ZM6 3H13.5858L19 8.41421V20C19 20.5523 18.5523 21 18 21H6C5.44772 21 5 20.5523 5 20V4C5 3.44772 5.44772 3 6 3Z" fill="currentColor"></path> </svg></span><span>下载引用</秒p一个n></秒p一个n><年代pan role="img" class="anticon ButtonGroup_buttonGroupWrapperIcon__CFikg"> <svg width="1em" height="1em" viewbox="0 0 20 22"> <defs> <clippath> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3,22a3,3,0,0,1-3-3V16a1,1,0,0,1,2,0v3a1,1,0,0,0,1,1H17a1,1,0,0,0,1-1V16a1,1,0,1,1,2,0v3a3,3,0,0,1-3,3Zm6.288-6.3-4-4a1,1,0,0,1,1.414-1.414L9,12.586V1a1,1,0,0,1,2,0V12.586l2.293-2.293a1,1,0,0,1,1.414,1.414l-4,4a1,1,0,0,1-1.423,0Z" fill="currentColor"></path> </clippath> </defs> <g> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3,22a3,3,0,0,1-3-3V16a1,1,0,0,1,2,0v3a1,1,0,0,0,1,1H17a1,1,0,0,0,1-1V16a1,1,0,1,1,2,0v3a3,3,0,0,1-3,3Zm6.288-6.3-4-4a1,1,0,0,1,1.414-1.414L9,12.586V1a1,1,0,0,1,2,0V12.586l2.293-2.293a1,1,0,0,1,1.414,1.414l-4,4a1,1,0,0,1-1.423,0Z" fill="currentColor"></path> </g> </svg></span></a> <div class="ant-collapse ant-collapse-icon-position-end articleToolbarOtherFormats_otherFormatsCollapse__VHaOL"> <div class="ant-collapse-item"> <div class="ant-collapse-header" aria-expanded="false" aria-disabled="false" role="button" tabindex="0"> <div class="ant-collapse-expand-icon"> <span role="img" class="anticon ant-collapse-arrow"> <svg width="1em" height="1em" viewbox="0 0 32 32" fill="none"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M17.773 23.453l11.2-11.265a1.918 1.918 0 000-2.641 1.75 1.75 0 00-2.542 0l-9.929 10.101-9.933-10.1a1.75 1.75 0 00-2.542 0 1.919 1.919 0 000 2.64L15.23 23.453c.352.365.811.547 1.271.547.46 0 .92-.182 1.271-.547z" fill="currentColor"></path> </svg></span> </div> <span class="ant-collapse-header-text"><span><span role="img" class="anticon articleToolbarOtherFormats_atofDownloadIcon__YRM5T"> <svg width="1em" height="1em" viewbox="0 0 20 22"> <defs> <clippath> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3,22a3,3,0,0,1-3-3V16a1,1,0,0,1,2,0v3a1,1,0,0,0,1,1H17a1,1,0,0,0,1-1V16a1,1,0,1,1,2,0v3a3,3,0,0,1-3,3Zm6.288-6.3-4-4a1,1,0,0,1,1.414-1.414L9,12.586V1a1,1,0,0,1,2,0V12.586l2.293-2.293a1,1,0,0,1,1.414,1.414l-4,4a1,1,0,0,1-1.423,0Z" fill="currentColor"></path> </clippath> </defs> <g> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3,22a3,3,0,0,1-3-3V16a1,1,0,0,1,2,0v3a1,1,0,0,0,1,1H17a1,1,0,0,0,1-1V16a1,1,0,1,1,2,0v3a3,3,0,0,1-3,3Zm6.288-6.3-4-4a1,1,0,0,1,1.414-1.414L9,12.586V1a1,1,0,0,1,2,0V12.586l2.293-2.293a1,1,0,0,1,1.414,1.414l-4,4a1,1,0,0,1-1.423,0Z" fill="currentColor"></path> </g> </svg></span><span>下载其他格式</秒p一个n></秒p一个n></秒pan> </div> </div> </div> <a href="//www.newsama.com/reprints/764614/confirm" class="ButtonGroup_buttonGroupWrapper__Rqhy0" role="button" type="ghost" aria-label="Order printed copies" tabindex="0" unselectable="on" target="_blank"><span class="ButtonGroup_leftGroup__FJAmS"><span role="img" class="anticon ButtonGroup_buttonGroupWrapperIcon__CFikg"> <svg width="1em" height="1em" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M7.41667 1H18.6667C19.1269 1 19.5 1.44772 19.5 2V22C19.5 22.5523 19.1269 23 18.6667 23H7.41667C5.80584 23 4.5 21.433 4.5 19.5V4.5C4.5 2.567 5.80584 1 7.41667 1ZM6.16667 16.3368V4.5C6.16667 3.67157 6.72631 3 7.41667 3H17.8333V16H7.41667C6.96933 16 6.54552 16.1208 6.16667 16.3368ZM17.8333 18H7.41667C6.72631 18 6.16667 18.6716 6.16667 19.5C6.16667 20.3284 6.72631 21 7.41667 21H17.8333V18Z" fill="currentColor"></path> </svg></span><span>订单打印副本</秒p一个n></秒p一个n><年代pan role="img" class="anticon ButtonGroup_buttonGroupWrapperIcon__CFikg"> <svg width="1em" height="1em" viewbox="0 0 18 14"> <defs> <clippath id="a"> <path d="M10.293,13.707a1,1,0,0,1,0-1.414L14.586,8H1A1,1,0,0,1,1,6H14.586L10.293,1.707A1,1,0,0,1,11.707.293l6,6a1,1,0,0,1,.172.231h0l.01.019,0,.005.007.014.006.012,0,.008.008.018v0a1,1,0,0,1-.009.817l0,0L17.9,7.44l0,.009-.005.011-.007.013,0,.008-.008.015,0,.005-.01.016,0,0-.011.017,0,0-.012.018,0,0-.012.017,0,0L17.8,7.6l0,0-.011.014,0,.006-.01.012-.009.011-.006.007-.015.017h0l-.04.042-6,6a1,1,0,0,1-1.414,0Z" transform="translate(3 5)"></path> </clippath> </defs> <g transform="translate(-3 -5)"> <path d="M10.293,13.707a1,1,0,0,1,0-1.414L14.586,8H1A1,1,0,0,1,1,6H14.586L10.293,1.707A1,1,0,0,1,11.707.293l6,6a1,1,0,0,1,.172.231h0l.01.019,0,.005.007.014.006.012,0,.008.008.018v0a1,1,0,0,1-.009.817l0,0L17.9,7.44l0,.009-.005.011-.007.013,0,.008-.008.015,0,.005-.01.016,0,0-.011.017,0,0-.012.018,0,0-.012.017,0,0L17.8,7.6l0,0-.011.014,0,.006-.01.012-.009.011-.006.007-.015.017h0l-.04.042-6,6a1,1,0,0,1-1.414,0Z" transform="translate(3 5)" fill="currentColor"></path> </g> </svg></span></a> <div class="articleToolbarStatistics_articleToolbarStatistics__8_woN"> <div class="articleToolbarStatistics_column__R2GqD"> <div> <div> <span>的观点</秒p一个n><d我v class="articleToolbarStatistics_amount__vJIDp"> 1665年</d我v> </div> <div> <span>下载</秒p一个n><d我v class="articleToolbarStatistics_amount__vJIDp"> 1031年</d我v> </div> </div> </div> <div class="articleToolbarStatistics_column__R2GqD articleToolbarStatistics_dimensions__pe7pO"> <div> 引用</d我v> <span class="__dimensions_badge_embed__ articleToolbarStatistics_circle__p2dSc" data-doi="10.1155/2012/764614" data-style="small_circle"></span> </div> </div> <ul class="articleToolbarSocials_articleToolbarSocials__g02HH"> <li><a href="https://twitter.com/share?url=https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/764614&via=Hindawi" unselectable="on" title="" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><span role="img" class="anticon"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em" viewbox="126.444 2.281 589 589"> <circle cx="420.944" cy="296.781" r="294.5" fill="#2daae1"></circle> <path d="M609.773 179.634c-13.891 6.164-28.811 10.331-44.498 12.204 16.01-9.587 28.275-24.779 34.066-42.86a154.78 154.78 0 0 1-49.209 18.801c-14.125-15.056-34.267-24.456-56.551-24.456-42.773 0-77.462 34.675-77.462 77.473 0 6.064.683 11.98 1.996 17.66-64.389-3.236-121.474-34.079-159.684-80.945-6.672 11.446-10.491 24.754-10.491 38.953 0 26.875 13.679 50.587 34.464 64.477a77.122 77.122 0 0 1-35.097-9.686v.979c0 37.54 26.701 68.842 62.145 75.961-6.511 1.784-13.344 2.716-20.413 2.716-4.998 0-9.847-.473-14.584-1.364 9.859 30.769 38.471 53.166 72.363 53.799-26.515 20.785-59.925 33.175-96.212 33.175-6.25 0-12.427-.373-18.491-1.104 34.291 21.988 75.006 34.824 118.759 34.824 142.496 0 220.428-118.052 220.428-220.428 0-3.361-.074-6.697-.236-10.021a157.855 157.855 0 0 0 38.707-40.158z" fill="#fff"></path> </svg></span></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle/?url=https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/764614" unselectable="on" title="" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><span role="img" class="anticon"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em" viewbox="0 0 256 256" xml:space="preserve"> <g transform="translate(-373.642 -318.344)"> <path fill="#1D8CB5" d="M583.659 328.849H419.625c-19.599 0-35.487 15.888-35.487 35.487v164.015c0 19.599 15.888 35.486 35.487 35.486h164.033c19.599 0 35.487-15.888 35.487-35.486V364.337c.001-19.599-15.888-35.488-35.486-35.488z"></path> <lineargradient id="a" gradientunits="userSpaceOnUse" x1="-808.873" y1="199.892" x2="-860.569" y2="49.203" gradienttransform="rotate(180 -17.27 206.273) scale(.5915)"> <stop offset="0" style="stop-color:#fff"></stop> <stop offset="1" style="stop-color:#fff;stop-opacity:0"></stop> </lineargradient> <path opacity=".781" fill="url(#a)" d="M557.056 338.895H446.227c-29.337 0-52.955 23.81-52.955 53.385v108.127c.95 23.087 4.603 8.491 11.555-17.075 8.081-29.713 34.396-55.682 66.445-75.145 24.461-14.855 51.84-24.341 101.679-25.244 28.265-.511 25.77-36.683-15.895-44.048z"></path> </g> <g fill="#FFF"> <path d="M81.604 207.76V101.49h-35.32v106.27h35.32zM63.951 86.98c12.308 0 19.981-8.161 19.981-18.36-.228-10.426-7.673-18.36-19.75-18.36-12.087 0-19.984 7.934-19.984 18.36 0 10.199 7.662 18.36 19.52 18.36h.233zM101.151 207.76h35.326v-59.345c0-3.178.23-6.352 1.165-8.621 2.547-6.35 8.363-12.92 18.118-12.92 12.784 0 17.893 9.748 17.893 24.032v56.855h35.319v-60.936c0-32.643-17.422-47.83-40.665-47.83-19.053 0-27.421 10.647-32.068 17.902h.238V101.49h-35.326c.469 9.97 0 106.27 0 106.27z"></path> </g> </svg></span></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/764614" unselectable="on" title="" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><span role="img" class="anticon"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em" viewbox="0 0 14222 14222"> <circle cx="7111" cy="7112" r="7111" fill="#1977f3"></circle> <path d="M9879 9168l315-2056H8222V5778c0-562 275-1111 1159-1111h897V2917s-814-139-1592-139c-1624 0-2686 984-2686 2767v1567H4194v2056h1806v4969c362 57 733 86 1111 86s749-30 1111-86V9168z" fill="#fff"></path> </svg></span></a></li> <li><a href="//www.newsama.com/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection" unselectable="on" title="" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><span role="img" class="anticon"> <svg version="1.0" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em" viewbox="0 0 1401 1101"> <path fill="#6ba439" d="M132.5 2.1C101.4 6 71.1 20.5 48.3 42.4c-22.7 21.7-37.5 48.3-44.6 80l-2.2 10.1v837l2.2 10.1c6.7 30 19.3 53.9 39.8 75.3 23.3 24.3 56.4 40.9 90 45 12.8 1.6 1122.2 1.6 1135 0 38.9-4.8 75.9-25.6 100-56.4 15-19.3 24.2-39 29.8-63.9l2.2-10.1v-837l-2.2-10.1c-7.1-31.8-21.9-58.3-44.6-80.1-20.2-19.2-43.9-31.7-73.6-38.5l-9.6-2.3L705 1.4c-321.9-.1-568.5.2-572.5.7zm1123.4 99.5c1.7.4 3.1 1 3.1 1.4 0 .5-125.6 87.7-279 194L700.9 490.2 422 297C268.5 190.7 143 103.4 143 103c0-.5 1-1.1 2.3-1.3 3.5-.7 1107.1-.8 1110.6-.1zM401 404c164.4 113.8 299.4 207 300 207 .6 0 135.6-93.2 300.1-207 164.5-113.9 299.3-207 299.5-207 .2 0 .4 170.9.4 379.7 0 417.9.5 386-6.1 398.3-6.2 11.6-19 21.4-31.9 24.4-5.8 1.4-67.4 1.6-562 1.6s-556.2-.2-562-1.6c-12.9-3-25.7-12.8-31.9-24.4-6.6-12.3-6.1 19.6-6.1-398.3 0-208.8.2-379.7.5-379.7S236.6 290.1 401 404z"></path> </svg></span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> <div> <footer class="ant-layout-footer"> <div class="footer-main-nav-section"> <div class="footer-main-nav"> <div class="ant-col footer-main-nav__column"> <ul class="ant-menu ant-menu-root ant-menu-vertical ant-menu-light footer-main-nav__menu" role="menu" tabindex="0" data-menu-list="true"> <li class="ant-menu-item ant-menu-item-only-child footer-main-nav__item" role="menuitem" tabindex="-1"><span class="ant-menu-title-content"><a href="//www.newsama.com/about/" aria-label="About Us">关于我们</一个></秒p一个n></l我> <li class="ant-menu-item ant-menu-item-only-child footer-main-nav__item" role="menuitem" tabindex="-1"><span class="ant-menu-title-content"><a href="//www.newsama.com/about/contact/" aria-label="Contact us">联系我们</一个></秒p一个n></l我> <li class="ant-menu-item ant-menu-item-only-child footer-main-nav__item" role="menuitem" tabindex="-1"><span class="ant-menu-title-content"><a href="//www.newsama.com/publishing-partnerships/" aria-label="Partnerships">合作伙伴关系</一个></秒p一个n></l我> <li class="ant-menu-item ant-menu-item-only-child footer-main-nav__item" role="menuitem" tabindex="-1"><span class="ant-menu-title-content"><a href="//www.newsama.com/blog/" aria-label="Blog">博客</一个></秒p一个n></l我> </ul> <div style="display:none" aria-hidden="true"></div> </div> <div class="ant-col footer-main-nav__column"> <ul class="ant-menu ant-menu-root ant-menu-vertical ant-menu-light footer-main-nav__menu" role="menu" tabindex="0" data-menu-list="true"> <li class="ant-menu-item ant-menu-item-only-child footer-main-nav__item" role="menuitem" tabindex="-1"><span class="ant-menu-title-content"><a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/" aria-label="Journals">期刊</一个></秒p一个n></l我> <li class="ant-menu-item ant-menu-item-only-child footer-main-nav__item" role="menuitem" tabindex="-1"><span class="ant-menu-title-content"><a href="//www.newsama.com/publish-research/authors/article-processing-charges/" aria-label="Article Processing Charges">文章处理费用</一个></秒p一个n></l我> <li class="ant-menu-item ant-menu-item-only-child footer-main-nav__item" role="menuitem" tabindex="-1"><span class="ant-menu-title-content"><a href="//www.newsama.com/print-editions/" aria-label="Print editions">印刷版</一个></秒p一个n></l我> </ul> <div style="display:none" aria-hidden="true"></div> </div> <div class="ant-col footer-main-nav__column"> <ul class="ant-menu ant-menu-root ant-menu-vertical ant-menu-light footer-main-nav__menu" role="menu" tabindex="0" data-menu-list="true"> <li class="ant-menu-item ant-menu-item-only-child footer-main-nav__item" role="menuitem" tabindex="-1"><span class="ant-menu-title-content"><a href="//www.newsama.com/publish-research/authors/" aria-label="Authors">作者</一个></秒p一个n></l我> <li class="ant-menu-item ant-menu-item-only-child footer-main-nav__item" role="menuitem" tabindex="-1"><span class="ant-menu-title-content"><a href="//www.newsama.com/publish-research/editors/" aria-label="Editors">编辑器</一个></秒p一个n></l我> <li class="ant-menu-item ant-menu-item-only-child footer-main-nav__item" role="menuitem" tabindex="-1"><span class="ant-menu-title-content"><a href="//www.newsama.com/publish-research/reviewers/" aria-label="Reviewers">评论家</一个></秒p一个n></l我> <li class="ant-menu-item ant-menu-item-only-child footer-main-nav__item" role="menuitem" tabindex="-1"><span class="ant-menu-title-content"><a href="//www.newsama.com/publishing-partnerships/" aria-label="Partnerships">合作伙伴关系</一个></秒p一个n></l我> </ul> <div style="display:none" aria-hidden="true"></div> </div> <div class="ant-col footer-main-nav__column"> <ul class="ant-menu ant-menu-root ant-menu-vertical ant-menu-light footer-main-nav__menu" role="menu" tabindex="0" data-menu-list="true"> <li class="ant-menu-item ant-menu-item-only-child footer-main-nav__item" role="menuitem" tabindex="-1"><span class="ant-menu-title-content"><a href="//www.newsama.com/hindawi-xml-corpus/" aria-label="Hindawi XML Corpus">雷电竞APP</a></span></li> <li class="ant-menu-item ant-menu-item-only-child footer-main-nav__item" role="menuitem" tabindex="-1"><span class="ant-menu-title-content"><a href="//www.newsama.com/open-archives-initiative/" aria-label="Open Archives Initiative">开放档案计划</一个></秒p一个n></l我> <li class="ant-menu-item ant-menu-item-only-child footer-main-nav__item" role="menuitem" tabindex="-1"><span class="ant-menu-title-content"><a href="//www.newsama.com/preventing-and-protecting-against-fraud/" aria-label="Fraud prevention">欺诈防范</一个></秒p一个n></l我> </ul> <div style="display:none" aria-hidden="true"></div> </div> </div> <div class="social-links"> 遵循我们:<d我v class="social-links__icons"> <a aria-label="Twitter" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://twitter.com/hindawi" target="_blank" class="social-links__icon"><span role="img" class="anticon"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="40" height="40" viewbox="0 0 40 40" fill="none"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M0 20C0 8.95599 8.95599 0 20 0C31.044 0 40 8.95599 40 20C40 31.044 31.044 40 20 40C8.95599 40 0 31.044 0 20ZM29.1449 16.1871C29.1449 15.9885 29.1406 15.7907 29.1318 15.5939C30.0281 14.946 30.8072 14.1373 31.4215 13.2166C30.5991 13.5822 29.7141 13.8284 28.7854 13.9395C29.7333 13.371 30.4608 12.4719 30.8041 11.4005C29.917 11.9263 28.9349 12.3083 27.8891 12.5146C27.0514 11.6223 25.8588 11.0641 24.5383 11.0641C22.0032 11.0641 19.9472 13.1201 19.9472 15.6543C19.9472 16.0144 19.9878 16.3647 20.0665 16.701C16.2512 16.5091 12.868 14.6823 10.6042 11.9046C10.21 12.583 9.9826 13.371 9.9826 14.212C9.9826 15.8047 10.7928 17.2107 12.0255 18.0331C11.2723 18.0099 10.5649 17.803 9.94629 17.4591C9.94568 17.4783 9.94568 17.4969 9.94568 17.5177C9.94568 19.7406 11.528 21.597 13.6285 22.0175C13.2428 22.1228 12.8369 22.1793 12.4179 22.1793C12.1228 22.1793 11.835 22.15 11.5552 22.0963C12.1399 23.9203 13.8342 25.2475 15.8438 25.2847C14.2725 26.5161 12.2931 27.2498 10.1422 27.2498C9.77203 27.2498 9.40643 27.2287 9.04724 27.1863C11.0788 28.4885 13.4912 29.2484 16.0837 29.2484C24.5276 29.248 29.1449 22.2531 29.1449 16.1871Z" fill="#F2F2F2"></path> </svg></span></a> <a aria-label="Linkedin" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/hindawilimited/" target="_blank" class="social-links__icon"><span role="img" class="anticon"> <svg width="40" height="40" viewbox="0 0 40 40" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M0 20C0 8.95599 8.95599 0 20 0C31.044 0 40 8.95599 40 20C40 31.044 31.044 40 20 40C8.95599 40 0 31.044 0 20ZM9.31732 30.2344H14.1882V15.5801H9.31732V30.2344ZM11.7529 13.5791H11.7212C10.0867 13.5791 9.02954 12.4539 9.02954 11.0477C9.02954 9.60968 10.119 8.51562 11.7853 8.51562C13.4515 8.51562 14.4769 9.60968 14.5087 11.0477C14.5087 12.4539 13.4515 13.5791 11.7529 13.5791ZM26.8814 30.2344H31.7517V21.8317C31.7517 17.3306 29.3488 15.2362 26.1441 15.2362C23.5599 15.2362 22.4017 16.6565 21.7545 17.655V15.5801H16.8839C16.9476 16.955 16.8839 30.2344 16.8839 30.2344H21.7545V22.0508C21.7545 21.6129 21.7859 21.1752 21.9147 20.8621C22.2668 19.9872 23.0682 19.0808 24.4138 19.0808C26.1761 19.0808 26.8814 20.4245 26.8814 22.3947V30.2344Z" fill="#F2F2F2"></path> </svg></span></a> <a aria-label="Youtube" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCDIK_O7FATPEkhad_sQVaSg" target="_blank" class="social-links__icon"><span role="img" class="anticon"> <svg width="40" height="40" viewbox="0 0 40 40" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M17.2973 23.7838L23.7838 20L17.2973 16.2162V23.7838Z" fill="#F2F2F2"></path> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M0 20C0 8.95599 8.95599 0 20 0C31.044 0 40 8.95599 40 20C40 31.044 31.044 40 20 40C8.95599 40 0 31.044 0 20ZM31.9824 26.0324C32.4969 24.0765 32.4969 20.0204 32.4969 20.0204C32.4969 20.0204 32.5177 15.9442 31.9824 13.9883C31.694 12.9178 30.8499 12.0734 29.7794 11.7853C27.8235 11.25 20 11.25 20 11.25C20 11.25 12.1765 11.25 10.2206 11.7648C9.17053 12.0529 8.30566 12.9178 8.01758 13.9883C7.50275 15.9442 7.50275 20 7.50275 20C7.50275 20 7.50275 24.0765 8.01758 26.0117C8.30597 27.0822 9.15009 27.9266 10.2206 28.2147C12.197 28.75 20 28.75 20 28.75C20 28.75 27.8235 28.75 29.7794 28.2352C30.8499 27.9471 31.694 27.103 31.9824 26.0324Z" fill="#F2F2F2"></path> </svg></span></a> <a aria-label="Facebook" rel="noopener noreferrer" href="https://www.facebook.com/HindawiLimited/" target="_blank" class="social-links__icon"><span role="img" class="anticon"> <svg width="40" height="39" viewbox="0 0 40 39" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M40 19.4595C40 8.71394 31.044 0 20 0C8.95599 0 0 8.71394 0 19.4595C0 30.205 8.95599 38.9189 20 38.9189C20.1175 38.9189 20.2344 38.9165 20.3516 38.9145V23.7661H16.0547V18.8938H20.3516V15.3084C20.3516 11.1502 22.9605 8.88705 26.7728 8.88705C28.5983 8.88705 30.1675 9.01948 30.625 9.07857V13.4244H27.9962C25.9222 13.4244 25.5206 14.3835 25.5206 15.7906V18.8938H30.4797L29.8334 23.7661H25.5206V38.1671C33.8803 35.8353 40 28.3418 40 19.4595Z" fill="#F2F2F2"></path> </svg></span></a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="footer-minor-nav"> <span><a href="//www.newsama.com/privacy/" class="footer-minor-nav__link" aria-label="Privacy Policy">隐私政策</一个><d我v class="ant-divider ant-divider-vertical" role="separator"></div></span> <span><a href="//www.newsama.com/terms/" class="footer-minor-nav__link" aria-label="Terms of Service">服务条款</一个><d我v class="ant-divider ant-divider-vertical" role="separator"></div></span> <span><a href="//www.newsama.com/responsible-disclosure-policy/" class="footer-minor-nav__link" aria-label="Responsible Disclosure Policy">负责信息披露政策</一个><d我v class="ant-divider ant-divider-vertical" role="separator"></div></span> <span><a href="//www.newsama.com/cookie-policy/" class="footer-minor-nav__link" aria-label="Cookie Policy">饼干的政策</一个><d我v class="ant-divider ant-divider-vertical" role="separator"></div></span> <span><a href="//www.newsama.com/copyright/" class="footer-minor-nav__link" aria-label="Copyright">版权</一个><d我v class="ant-divider ant-divider-vertical" role="separator"></div></span> <span><a href="//www.newsama.com/modern-slavery-statement/" class="footer-minor-nav__link" aria-label="Modern slavery statement">现代奴隶制的声明</一个><d我v class="ant-divider ant-divider-vertical" role="separator"></div></span> <span><a class="footer-minor-nav__link" aria-label="Cookie Preferences">饼干的偏好</一个></秒p一个n></d我v> </footer> </div> </section> <noscript> <iframe src="https://www.newsama.com/ns.html?id=GTM-MQ4MGW" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe> </noscript> </div> </body> </html>