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no-repeat 6px;background-position:center;margin-top:10px;min-width:55px;display:none;} @media (min-width:768px){.iASKvs .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .expand_btn{display:none;}} .iASKvs .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-text{-webkit-flex:9;-ms-flex:9;flex:9;text-align:left;padding:21px 37px 10px 0px;font-size:16px;font-weight:700;} @media (min-width:768px){.iASKvs .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-text{padding:19px 18px 10px 18px;}} @media (min-width:992px){.iASKvs .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-text{padding:19px 21px 10px 21px;}} .iASKvs .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption 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no-repeat 6px;background-position:center;padding:16px 0 16px 0;min-width:62px;max-width:62px;} @media (min-width:768px){.iASKvs .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-partial-url{padding:16px 0 17px 0;min-width:52px;max-width:52px;}} @media (min-width:992px){.iASKvs .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-partial-url{padding:15px 0 17px 0;min-width:60px;max-width:60px;}} .iASKvs .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-partial-url:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;} .iASKvs .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption-text{font-size:14px;padding:0px 18px 17px 22px;} @media (min-width:768px){.iASKvs .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption-text{padding:0px 15px 15px 18px;}} @media (min-width:992px){.iASKvs .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption-text{padding:0px 18px 19px 21px;}} .iASKvs .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption-text figcaption{margin:0;padding:0;} .iASKvs .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption-text svg{max-width:100%;} .iASKvs ol{font-size:16px;padding-left:32px;font-family:STIXGeneral-Regular;line-height:24px;margin:15px 0;} .iASKvs ol li{margin:10px 0;padding-left:10px;word-break:normal;} .iASKvs ol li a{word-break:break-all;} .iASKvs ol li .reflinks{display:block;} .iASKvs ol li .reflinks a{color:#4D8A17;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:pointer;} .iASKvs ol li .reflinks a:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;} .iASKvs ol li .reflinks .sep{color:#000000;} .iASKvs .table-wrapper{width:auto;overflow-x:auto;} .iASKvs .table-wrapper::-webkit-scrollbar{-webkit-appearance:none;width:5px;height:5px;} .iASKvs .table-wrapper::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb{border-radius:5px;background-color:rgba(0,0,0,.5);-webkit-box-shadow:0 0 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height="24"><span class="text">提交</年代p一个n></span><span class="sc-htoDjs kNoiZu sc-dqBHgY cQgXqt fileArrow icon-colored undefined icon-themeable" title="" font-size="16"></span></a> <div class="sc-krDsej ewCAZX hide__submenu journalSubmenuCheck" id="journalnav__submenu"> <button class="sc-itybZL kdvWPs journalSubmenuCheck"><span class="sc-htoDjs gvAGTV sc-fzsDOv hAFFGk journalSubmenuCheck icon-colored _1CwL9R82TPl2HxDleeYGDR icon-themeable" title="" font-size="9"></span></button> </div> <div class="sc-dTdPqK lkWWFY hide__submenu journal__nav__desktop" id="journalnav__submenudesktop"> <div order="0" class="sc-kUaPvJ ehYbwJ"> <div class="sc-gPWkxV legory"></div> <div class="sc-gPWkxV legory"></div> </div> <div class="sc-jVODtj epgILe"></div> <span class="sc-fONwsr kCfRMJ"></span> </div> </nav> </div> <div class="sc-nrwXf byflLi breadcrumb__wrapper journal_article__BreadCrumbStyle-sc-12fk6zy-2 bjwAQR article"> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-eitiEO jXeALb breadCrumb" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/mse/" aria-label="Modelling and Simulation in Engineering">建模和模拟在工程</一个>/<一个cl一个年代年代=”年代c-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-eitiEO jXeALb breadCrumb" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/mse/contents/year/2011/" aria-label="2011">2011年</一个>/<年代p一个ncl一个年代年代=”年代c-bhlBdH UVThf">文章</年代p一个n> </div> <div class="threeColumn__ThreeColumnWrapper-sc-1bf4078-0 dDyxFF threeColumnWrapper"> <div class="threeColumn__LeftWrapper-sc-1bf4078-1 fkVFlF leftWrapper"> <button type="button" class="sc-eKZiaR dzZrgS section__button " id="sectionButton"><span class="sc-htoDjs diutvq icon__dots dots__detector icon-colored _3n-7Ho7DlfjMlZbrRr9Q4a icon-themeable" title="" font-size="22"></span>文章部分</but来n> <div class="sc-bEjcJn jLUVhb static_contents__section_links links__hidden "> <div id="leftSectionMenu" class="sc-cbkKFq prcY sc-bGbJRg dVCLgr left_section_menu"> <p>在这一页上</pgydF4y2Ba> <span class="sc-likbZx bBmZJZ grey" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-ePZHVD ewHMLz" href="#abstract" aria-label="">文摘</一个></span> <span class="sc-likbZx bBmZJZ grey" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-ePZHVD ewHMLz" href="#introduction" aria-label="">介绍</一个></span> <span class="sc-likbZx bBmZJZ grey" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-ePZHVD ewHMLz" href="#methods-and-evolutionary-algorithms" aria-label="">方法</一个></span> <span class="sc-likbZx bBmZJZ grey" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-ePZHVD ewHMLz" href="#experimental-results" aria-label="">实验结果</一个></span> <span class="sc-likbZx bBmZJZ grey" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-ePZHVD ewHMLz" href="#acknowledgments" aria-label="">确认</一个></span> <span class="sc-likbZx bBmZJZ grey" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-ePZHVD ewHMLz" href="#references" aria-label="">引用</一个></span> <span class="sc-likbZx bBmZJZ grey" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-ePZHVD ewHMLz" href="#copyright" aria-label="">版权</一个></span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="threeColumn__ContentWrapper-sc-1bf4078-3 bbzREB contentWrapper"> <div class="threeColumn__Content-sc-1bf4078-4 jknsZc content"> <div class="articleContent__ArticleContentsWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-0 eSvjPB article_contents"> <div class="articleContent__ArticleContentsSectionsWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-1 jntdRu article_contents__sections_wrapper"> <div class="articleContent__ArticleWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-2 hAzjHP"> <div class="sc-chbbiW mBGSe article_header_class"> <p class="sc-kZmsYB bkiEfx article_type">研究文章|<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->开放获取</pgydF4y2Ba> <div class="sc-RcBXQ ztvYg article_citation"> 体积<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> 2011年<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> <span class="sc-fZwumE cUsFHx">|</年代p一个n>文章的ID<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> 496732年<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> <span class="sc-fZwumE cUsFHx">|</年代p一个n> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-fQejPQ duuwge" href="https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/496732" aria-label="Doi-link">https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/496732</一个> </div> <div class="sc-LKuAh lcOiDF article_full_citation"> <div class="sc-hzNEM gsmOCv isHide"> <p>Tran阮富仲刀<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> ”<年代p一个ncl一个年代年代=”一个djust-article-svg-size">调查在非线性系统的进化计算技术</年代p一个n>”,<gydF4y2Ba!-- --><i>建模和模拟在工程</我>,<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> 卷。<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->2011年<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> 文章的ID<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->496732年<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> 21<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->   页面<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> 2011年<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->。<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/496732</pgydF4y2Ba> </div> <button class="sc-hSdWYo etauus sc-iBEsjs kPshFw" color="">显示引用</but来n> </div> <h1 class="sc-iRbamj jZOxOO sc-iSDuPN drIPpp article_title adjust-article-svg-size heading-title">调查在非线性系统的进化计算技术</h1gydF4y2Ba> </div> <div class="sc-jrIrqw eHMFfo article_authors"> <hr class="sc-cEvuZC XkrFe hr__author"> <span class=""><b>Tran阮富仲刀</bgydF4y2Ba><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link" href="mailto:" aria-label="Mail Option"><span class="sc-htoDjs kNoiZu sc-hjRWVT irNWJI icon-colored _2zt-1j0LmaF8UjTQAM413G icon-themeable" title="" font-size="16"></span></a><sup>1<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->2</年代up></span> <div class="sc-fHxwqH dMuGGA isHide"> <p><sup>1</年代up><span>教师的信息技术和应用数学,吨Duc Thang大学,阮Huu Tho街,谭冯氏病房,区7,越南胡志明市</年代p一个n></p> <p><sup>2</年代up><span>科技办公室合作,研究生研究,吨Duc Thang大学,阮Huu Tho街,谭冯氏病房,区7,越南胡志明市</年代p一个n></p> </div> <button class="sc-hSdWYo etauus sc-iQtOjA kfDwZY" color="">显示更多</but来n> </div> <div class="articleContent__EditorWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-3 evMkvU"> <div class="articleContent__TextWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-8 fYrLtk"> <b>学术编辑器:</bgydF4y2Ba>Luis Carlos Rabelo</d我v> <div class="articleContent__PublicationTimeLineWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-4 fjviok"> <div class="articleContent__PublcationCol-sc-2yl9jy-5 hgKieC notPublished"> <span class="articleContent__PublicationField-sc-2yl9jy-6 cIribm">收到了</年代p一个n> <span class="articleContent__PublicationValue-sc-2yl9jy-7 khHUcu">2011年3月21日</年代p一个n> </div> <div class="articleContent__PublcationCol-sc-2yl9jy-5 hgKieC notPublished"> <span class="articleContent__PublicationField-sc-2yl9jy-6 cIribm">修改后的</年代p一个n> <span class="articleContent__PublicationValue-sc-2yl9jy-7 khHUcu">2011年6月23日</年代p一个n> </div> <div class="articleContent__PublcationCol-sc-2yl9jy-5 hgKieC notPublished"> <span class="articleContent__PublicationField-sc-2yl9jy-6 cIribm">接受</年代p一个n> <span class="articleContent__PublicationValue-sc-2yl9jy-7 khHUcu">2011年8月04</年代p一个n> </div> <div class="articleContent__PublcationCol-sc-2yl9jy-5 hgKieC isPublished"> <span class="articleContent__PublicationField-sc-2yl9jy-6 cIribm">发表</年代p一个n> <span class="articleContent__PublicationValue-sc-2yl9jy-7 khHUcu">2011年11月29日</年代p一个n> </div> </div> </div> <article class="sc-jtRlXQ iASKvs article_body "> <div> <div class="xml-content"> <h4 class="header" id="abstract">文摘</h4gydF4y2Ba> <p>这项工作的主要目的是证明这样一个强大的优化工具进化算法(EAs)可以在现实中用于非线性系统的仿真和优化。需要一个非线性数学模型来描述批处理过程的动态行为;这证明了东亚峰会的进化方法的使用来处理这个过程。四个领域的算法人工intelligent-differential进化(DE),自组织迁移算法(SOMA)、遗传算法(GA)和模拟退火(SA)——用于这个调查。使用结果表明,东亚峰会成功的流程优化。</pgydF4y2Ba> <span class="end-abs"></span> <h4 id="introduction">1。介绍</h4gydF4y2Ba> <p>进化计算(EC)技术,基于强大的进化原理:适者生存,构成了一个有趣的启发式搜索的类别。进化计算技术是随机搜索方法的算法模型一些自然现象:遗传基因和达尔文争取生存。最著名的这类算法包括遗传算法、进化规划、进化策略和遗传编程。也有许多混合动力系统,将各种功能上面的范例,因此很难进行分类;不管怎样,我们指的是他们就像进化计算方法(<一个href=”#B42">1</一个>]。</pgydF4y2Ba> <p>在计算机科学中,进化计算是人工智能的一个分支,它涉及到组合优化问题。</pgydF4y2Ba> <p>如今,优化是其中一个的话,几乎每天都在不同的领域的人类活动。每个人都希望利润最大化和成本最小化。这意味着每个任务的优化产业、交通、医药、无处不在。为这些目的,我们需要合适的工具可以解决非常困难和复杂的问题。前几年证明,利用人工智能和软计算有助于改善很多活动。这样的软计算工具之一进化算法(<一个href=”#B62">2</一个>]。</pgydF4y2Ba> <p>本文的建模,提出了一种动态化学工程过程在一个高度简化的可以理解的方式使用一个独特的组合基本理论和直接实际的计算机模拟。需要一个非线性数学模型来描述批处理过程的动态行为;这证明了东亚峰会的进化方法的使用来处理这个过程,静态优化一批化学反应堆。因此,它是用来设计几何技术设备的化学反应。该方法被用来优化生长室的设计和被发现在良好的协议与观察到的增长率的结果。</pgydF4y2Ba> <p>在这里,东亚峰会是用来调查和优化批量反应堆,以改善其参数。因此,东亚峰会用于化学反应模型的技术要求。优化的反应堆是用于模拟与优化进化算法,和结果呈现在图。</pgydF4y2Ba> <p>研究这项工作涉及优化化学工程领域的东亚峰会。研究的主要目的和目标可以概括为:<年代p一个ncl一个年代年代=”l是t”><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label">(我)</年代p一个n><span class="list-content">选择的动态系统的描述和分析更具体的一批反应堆的过程,</年代p一个n></span><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label">(2)</年代p一个n><span class="list-content">提出一套解决算法的应用随机优化,在优化结果增强了信心,特别是在化学反应,</年代p一个n></span><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label">(3)</年代p一个n><span class="list-content">选择和论证东亚峰会和实用的方法来优化化学过程,尤其是批量反应堆,</年代p一个n></span><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label">(iv)</年代p一个n><span class="list-content">展示设计的全局优化算法的使用化学过程和每个选择的算法,比较</年代p一个n></span><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label">(v)</年代p一个n><span class="list-content">提出结论和建议进一步研究视角。</年代p一个n></span></span></p> <h4 id="description-of-a-reactor">2。描述一个反应堆</h4gydF4y2Ba> <p>本工作使用一个反应器的数学模型如图<一个href=”http年代://www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2011/496732/fig1/" target="_blank">1</一个>。该船与冷却介质的双侧是进一步配备搅拌器搅拌反应混合物。</pgydF4y2Ba> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig1"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig1"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="496732.fig.001" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.001.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图1</年代p一个n> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2011/496732/fig1/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> 批处理反应堆。</t一个ble> </div> </div> </div> <p>反应堆包括两个物理输入。第一次输入表示“输入化学颗”,物质与质量流率的反应<年代vghe我ght=”13。75” id="M1" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:25.825001px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 25.825001 13.75" width="25.825001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.75)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.64,64.17)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ̇</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-7.3017521" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.07,61.05)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> F</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8661122" y="0"> K</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>、温度<年代vghe我ght=”14。2375” id="M2" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:23.325001px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 23.325001 14.2375" width="23.325001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.2375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.61)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> F</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8661122" y="0"> K</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,比热<年代vghe我ght=”10.925”我d="M3" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:21.2125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 21.2125 10.925" width="21.2125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.925)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.26)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-66.76,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> F</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8661122" y="0"> K</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。第二个输入表示输入冷却介质,水流入反应器与质量流率的两倍<年代vghe我ght=”13。925” id="M4" style="vertical-align:-3.27548pt;width:20.6px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 20.6 13.925" width="20.6" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.925)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.86)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.64,64.17)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ̇</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-7.3017521" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.07,61.05)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>、温度<年代vghe我ght=”14。3625” id="M5" style="vertical-align:-3.23158pt;width:23.3375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 23.3375 14.3625" width="23.3375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.51)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> V</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.318944" y="0"> P</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,比热<年代vghe我ght=”11。1” id="M6" style="vertical-align:-3.27548pt;width:15.9875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 15.9875 11.1" width="15.9875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.1)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.12)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-66.76,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。这冷却剂进一步遍历among-jacketed通过空间的反应,和它的总重量在这个空间<年代vghe我ght=”11。05” id="M7" style="vertical-align:-3.23158pt;width:27.0375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 27.0375 11.05" width="27.0375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.05)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.16)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.07,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> V</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.318944" y="0"> R</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。冷却剂,退出后反应表示“产出冷却介质”质量流率<年代vghe我ght=”13。925” id="M8" style="vertical-align:-3.27548pt;width:20.6px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 20.6 13.925" width="20.6" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.925)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.86)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.64,64.17)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ̇</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-7.3017521" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.07,61.05)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>、温度<年代vghe我ght=”14。4125” id="M9" style="vertical-align:-3.27548pt;width:18.1px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 18.1 14.4125" width="18.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.4125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.47)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,比热<年代vghe我ght=”11。1” id="M10" style="vertical-align:-3.27548pt;width:15.9875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 15.9875 11.1" width="15.9875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.1)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.12)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-66.76,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。在过程的开始,有一个初始批量反应堆内与质量参数<年代vghe我ght=”10.925”我d="M11" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:19.987499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 19.987499 10.925" width="19.987499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.925)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.26)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.07,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。反应混合物然后总质量<年代vghe我ght=”7。1374998" id="M12" style="vertical-align:-0.10033pt;width:11.225px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.225 7.1374998" width="11.225" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.1375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-66.29)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>、温度<年代vghe我ght=”10.325”我d="M13" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:11.225px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.225 10.325" width="11.225" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,比热<年代vghe我ght=”10.925”我d="M14" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:15.325px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 15.325 10.925" width="15.325" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.925)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.26)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-66.76,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和搅拌直到时间化学品颗所描述的参数浓度<年代vghe我ght=”10.925”我d="M15" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:22.575001px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 22.575001 10.925" width="22.575001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.925)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.26)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.67,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> F</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8661122" y="0"> K</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。</pgydF4y2Ba> <h5 id="sec2.1">2.1。非线性模型的反应堆</h5gydF4y2Ba> <p>描述四个反应堆应用系统的平衡方程。第一个表达的质量平衡反应混合物在反应堆内部,第二质量平衡的化学颗,最后两个制定向左反应平衡,即平衡反应混合物和冷却介质。方程(<一个href=”#EEq1">1</一个>基本方程的简化符号),(<一个href=”#EEq1">2</一个>),是由“<年代vghe我ght=”10。7375" id="M16" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt;width:8.6000004px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.6000004 10.7375" width="8.6000004" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.7375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.41)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>”如下:<年代p一个ncl一个年代年代=”equation" id="EEq1"> <svg height="181.6125" id="M17" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 181.6125" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,181.6125)"> <g transform="translate(72,73.29)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,182.75,62)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ̇</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-7.3017521" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,184.32,58.88)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> F</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8661122" y="0"> K</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,199.47,62)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.040389" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,220.39,67.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,225.95,61.97)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1599998" y="-0.029999999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0699997" y="0"> ]</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.32" y="-0.029999999"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="248.17" y="-0.0099999998"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="252.3335" y="-0.0099999998"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="258.58499" y="-0.0099999998"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-97.879997" y="22.66"> ̇</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-105.18176" y="22.66"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,129.64,36.19)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> F</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8661122" y="0"> K</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,144.79,39.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23" y="0.039999999"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.16" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.08" y="0.039999999"> ]</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.330002" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,188.39,44.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,188.39,35.22)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> F</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8661122" y="0"> K</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,202.16,39.27)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1599998" y="-0.039999999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0799999" y="0"> ]</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="44.099998" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="48.259998" y="-0.039999999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="52.18" y="0"> ]</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="58.419998" y="-0.039999999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.02" y="-0.039999999"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.360222" y="-0.039999999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.136848" y="-0.039999999"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,266.86,36.19)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> F</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8661122" y="0"> K</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,280.63,39.27)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1599998" y="-0.039999999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0699997" y="0"> ]</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.32" y="-0.039999999"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-201.31" y="23.83"> ̇</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-208.62425" y="23.83"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,80.88,12.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> F</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8661122" y="0"> K</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,92.56,15.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,97.75,12.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> F</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8661122" y="0"> K</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,109.44,15.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,116.31,12.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> F</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8661122" y="0"> K</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,130.77,15.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> Δ</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.367388" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,162.06,12.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,166.13,15.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.74" y="0.039999999"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.9" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.809999" y="0.039999999"> ]</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.060001" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.7766261" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,204.47,12.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> F</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8661122" y="0"> K</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,218.24,15.4)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1599998" y="-0.039999999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0699997" y="0"> ]</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="50.860001" y="2.48"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="56.720001" y="-0.039999999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="67.68" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="71.839996" y="-0.039999999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="75.75" y="0"> ]</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.209999" y="-0.039999999"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.250389" y="-0.039999999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.777676" y="-0.039999999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="82.699997" y="-0.039999999"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="94.027718" y="-0.039999999"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,319.16,12.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,328.74,15.4)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1599998" y="-0.039999999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0799999" y="0"> ]</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.24" y="2.48"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-60.709999" y="18.68"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-56.549999" y="18.639999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-52.639999" y="18.68"> ]</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-46.389999" y="18.639999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-82.32" y="18.639999"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-71.679947" y="18.639999"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,287.54,-6.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,294.51,-3.24)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,303.39,1.76)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,308.95,-3.28)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1599998" y="-0.039999999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0799999" y="0"> ]</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.32" y="-0.039999999"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-219.63" y="23.49"> ̇</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-226.93175" y="23.49"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,90.89,-29.9)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,98.39,-26.77)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,103.58,-29.9)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,111.08,-26.77)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,117.95,-29.9)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> V</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.318944" y="0"> P</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,132.42,-26.77)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.959999" y="2.52"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.810001" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="48.77" y="0.039999999"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="52.93" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="56.849998" y="0.039999999"> ]</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.867508" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="63.790001" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="75.130219" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,214.43,-29.9)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,224.01,-26.81)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1700001" y="-0.039999999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0799999" y="0"> ]</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.24" y="2.48"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.07" y="-0.039999999"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="43.424644" y="-0.039999999"> ̇</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.12289" y="-0.039999999"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,269,-29.9)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,276.5,-26.77)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,281.69,-29.9)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,289.19,-26.77)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,296.06,-29.9)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,305.65,-26.81)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1599998" y="-0.039999999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0699997" y="0"> ]</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-47.599998" y="18.639999"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-36.959946" y="18.639999"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,277.57,-48.58)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> V</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.318944" y="0"> R</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,290.23,-45.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,295.42,-48.58)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,302.92,-45.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,311.79,-40.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="-2" y="9.0200005"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,319.38,-45.49)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1599998" y="-0.039999999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0699997" y="0"> ]</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.32" y="-0.039999999"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-147.03" y="24"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-136.79004" y="24"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-124.74966" y="24"> 一个</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-115.72249" y="24"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,209.23,-64.49)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,215.22,-64.49)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> E</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,220.57,-64.49)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> /</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.4330561" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.9095364" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="13.723136" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="16.637552" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="19.376928" y="0"> ]</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,243.36,-69.49)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="230.75999" y="-54.369999"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="234.92349" y="-54.369999"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="241.175" y="-54.369999"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span>修改成标准形式后,获得了平衡方程的形式(<一个href=”#EEq3">3</一个>):<年代p一个ncl一个年代年代=”equation" id="EEq3"> <svg height="211.7625" id="M19" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 211.7625" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,211.7625)"> <g transform="translate(72,97.41)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,176.48,62)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,185.36,67.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,190.92,61.97)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1599998" y="-0.029999999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0699997" y="0"> ]</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.71" y="-0.029999999"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.052139" y="-0.029999999"> ̇</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.750389" y="-0.029999999"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,227.54,58.88)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> F</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8661122" y="0"> K</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,239.23,62)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-116.36" y="29.629999"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,129.15,37.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,129.15,28.28)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> F</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8661122" y="0"> K</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,142.92,32.33)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1599998" y="-0.039999999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0699997" y="0"> ]</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.71" y="-0.039999999"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.580002" y="-9.1800003"> ̇</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.265745" y="-9.1800003"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,182.06,38.38)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> F</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8661122" y="0"> K</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 171.86,35.5 23.21,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,171.86,23.62)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.97" y="0.039999999"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.13" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.040001" y="0.039999999"> ]</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.18" y="-8.75"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.520222" y="-8.75"> 一个</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="47.547386" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,224.97,37.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,230.97,37.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> E</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,236.32,37.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> /</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,238.75,37.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> R</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,244.59,37.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8136001" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="7.7280159" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.467392" y="0"> ]</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,258.47,32.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,264.74,29.24)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> F</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8661122" y="0"> K</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,278.51,32.33)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1599998" y="-0.039999999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0799999" y="0"> ]</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.33" y="-0.039999999"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-178.62" y="39.720001"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,108.77,-2.39)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,114.32,-7.43)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1700001" y="-0.039999999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0799999" y="0"> ]</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.219999" y="-0.039999999"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.77" y="-9.1800003"> ̇</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.455746" y="-9.1800003"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,154.65,-1.38)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> F</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8661122" y="0"> K</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,166.34,1.75)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,171.52,-1.38)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> F</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8661122" y="0"> K</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,183.21,1.75)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,190.08,-1.38)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> F</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8661122" y="0"> K</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 145.77,-4.27 56,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,155.05,-16.15)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.96" y="0.029999999"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.12" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.030001" y="0.029999999"> ]</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.280001" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,185.52,-19.27)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,205.74,-7.39)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.54" y="-9.1400003"> 一个</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.567165" y="-9.1400003"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,232.87,6.75)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,238.87,6.75)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> E</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,244.21,6.75)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> /</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,246.65,6.75)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> R</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,252.49,6.75)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8136001" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="7.7280159" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.467392" y="0"> ]</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,266.37,1.75)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> Δ</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.0271664" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,286.31,-1.38)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,290.38,1.75)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,296.65,-1.38)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,305.51,1.71)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1599998" y="-0.039999999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0799999" y="0"> ]</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 218.28,-4.27 99.47,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,261.93,-16.15)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,267.12,-19.27)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,142.5,-36.9)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.380001" y="-7.96"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.540001" y="-8"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="46.459999" y="-7.96"> ]</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.7600002" y="-8"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.287287" y="-8"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.414236" y="-8"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 152.26,-33.78 40.86,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,153.97,-45.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.96" y="0.029999999"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.12" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.040001" y="0.029999999"> ]</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.280001" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,184.44,-48.78)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,197.09,-36.9)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.54" y="-9.2799997"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.067286" y="-9.2799997"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.194237" y="-9.2799997"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,234.16,-30.75)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,243.75,-27.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1599998" y="-0.039999999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0699997" y="0"> ]</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 209.63,-33.78 46.36,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,214.09,-45.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.96" y="0.029999999"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.12" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.030001" y="0.029999999"> ]</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.280001" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,244.56,-48.78)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,257.18,-36.9)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-181.00999" y="48.439999"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,85.04,-80.34)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="-2" y="9.0200005"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,92.63,-85.38)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1599998" y="-0.039999999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0699997" y="0"> ]</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.71" y="-0.039999999"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.259998" y="-9.3199997"> ̇</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.945745" y="-9.3199997"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,130.45,-79.19)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,137.95,-76.06)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,144.83,-79.19)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> V</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.318944" y="0"> P</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 121.57,-82.22 34.95,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,128.28,-94.1)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,137.16,-97.22)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> V</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.318944" y="0"> R</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,160.49,-85.34)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="41.16" y="-7.96"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.32" y="-8"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="49.240002" y="-7.96"> ]</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.54" y="-8"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.067286" y="-8"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.194237" y="-8"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 173.03,-82.22 40.86,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,176.35,-94.1)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,185.23,-97.22)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> V</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.318944" y="0"> R</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,197.88,-94.1)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,203.07,-97.22)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,217.86,-85.34)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.54" y="-9.2799997"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.067286" y="-9.2799997"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.194237" y="-9.2799997"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,254.93,-79.19)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,264.52,-76.1)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1599998" y="-0.039999999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0699997" y="0"> ]</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 230.4,-82.22 46.36,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,236.47,-94.1)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,245.35,-97.22)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> V</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.318944" y="0"> R</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,258,-94.1)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,263.19,-97.22)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,280.73,-85.34)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.85" y="-9.2799997"> ̇</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.548248" y="-9.2799997"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,302.15,-79.19)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,309.65,-76.06)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,316.52,-79.19)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,326.11,-76.1)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1599998" y="-0.039999999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0699997" y="0"> ]</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 293.27,-82.22 45.08,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,305.04,-94.1)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,313.92,-97.22)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> V</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.318944" y="0"> R</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,339.54,-85.34)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="134.58" y="-69.510002"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="138.7435" y="-69.510002"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="144.995" y="-69.510002"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span>反应堆的设计是基于标准chemical-technological方法,给出了建议的反应堆物理尺寸和参数的化学物质。这些值被称为在这个参与专家参数。这部分工作的目标是进行模拟和优化给定的反应堆。</pgydF4y2Ba> <p>因此,在系统方程(<一个href=”#EEq3">3</一个>)任命常量:</pgydF4y2Ba> <p> <svg height="10.55" id="M20" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:11.325px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.325 10.55" width="11.325" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.55)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.56)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.61)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>= 219588年代<年代up>−1</年代up>,<年代vghe我ght=”10.325”我d="M21" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:12.225px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 12.225 10.325" width="12.225" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>5087 = 29967,J·摩尔<年代up>−1</年代up>,<年代vghe我ght=”10.325”我d="M22" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:11.6875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.6875 10.325" width="11.6875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>= 8314 J·摩尔<年代up>−1</年代up>·K<年代up>−1</年代up>,<年代vghe我ght=”10.925”我d="M23" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:21.2125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 21.2125 10.925" width="21.2125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.925)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.26)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-66.76,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> F</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8661122" y="0"> K</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>= 4400 J·K·公斤<年代up>−1</年代up>,<年代vghe我ght=”11。1” id="M24" style="vertical-align:-3.27548pt;width:15.9875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 15.9875 11.1" width="15.9875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.1)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.12)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-66.76,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>= 4118 J·K·公斤<年代up>−1</年代up>,<年代vghe我ght=”10.925”我d="M25" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:15.325px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 15.325 10.925" width="15.325" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.925)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.26)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-66.76,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>= 4500 J·K·公斤<年代up>−1</年代up>,<年代vghe我ght=”14。5625” id="M26" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:30.137501px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 30.137501 14.5625" width="30.137501" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.5625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.35)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.52)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> Δ</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.0271664" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-52.01,60.4)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>= 1392350 J·公斤<年代up>−1</年代up>K = 200公斤·s<年代up>−3</年代up>·K<年代up>−1</年代up>。</pgydF4y2Ba> <p>下一个参数,计算是很重要的,<年代p一个ncl一个年代年代=”l是t”><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label">(我)</年代p一个n><span class="list-content">几何尺寸的反应:<年代vghe我ght=”12。9125” id="M27" style="vertical-align:-1.95624pt;width:28.012501px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 28.012501 12.9125" width="28.012501" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.67)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.67)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.1012239" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.2647228" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.141853" y="0"> ]</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,<年代vghe我ght=”13。2375” id="M28" style="vertical-align:-1.95624pt;width:30.65px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 30.65 13.2375" width="30.65" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.2375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.41)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.41)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ℎ</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.214231" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.37773" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.25486" y="0"> ]</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,</年代p一个n></span><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label">(2)</年代p一个n><span class="list-content">化学物质的密度:<年代vghe我ght=”10.925”我d="M29" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:16.737499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16.737499 10.925" width="16.737499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.925)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.26)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.67,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>= 1203公斤·m<年代up>−3</年代up>,<年代vghe我ght=”10.925”我d="M30" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:22.575001px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 22.575001 10.925" width="22.575001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.925)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.26)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.67,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> F</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8661122" y="0"> K</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>= 1050公斤·m<年代up>−3</年代up>,</年代p一个n></span><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label">(3)</年代p一个n><span class="list-content">化学:化学计量率<年代vghe我ght=”10.925”我d="M31" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:19.987499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 19.987499 10.925" width="19.987499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.925)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.26)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.07,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>= 2,82236<年代vghe我ght=”10.925”我d="M32" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:30.299999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 30.299999 10.925" width="30.299999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.925)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.26)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ⋅</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="3.5758581" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-59.5,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> F</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8661122" y="0"> K</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。</年代p一个n></span></span></p> <h5 id="sec2.2">2.2。数学问题</h5gydF4y2Ba> <p>这种优化是通过优化参数彼此的联系,其中包括传热表面,体积,和大规模的反应混合物。传热表面<年代vghe我ght=”10。725" id="M33" style="vertical-align:-0.1254pt;width:11.375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.375 10.725" width="11.375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.725)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.42)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>的关系:<年代p一个ncl一个年代年代=”equation" id="EEq4"> <svg height="18.4625" id="M34" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 18.4625" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,18.4625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-57.23)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,166.06,61.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.590281" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.630671" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.88217" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.483994" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.585217" y="0"> ℎ</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="52.575115" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="63.915337" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="71.517159" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,242.69,66.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,247.57,61.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="226.55" y="-0.46000001"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="230.7135" y="-0.46000001"> 4</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="236.965" y="-0.46000001"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span>在哪里<年代vghe我ght=”7。0124998" id="M35" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:6.5px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 6.5 7.0124998" width="6.5" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.0125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-66.39)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>是半径和<年代vghe我ght=”10.95”我d="M36" style="vertical-align:-0.1254pt;width:9.1374998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.1374998 10.95" width="9.1374998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.95)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.41)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ℎ</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>是高度空间的反应堆(参见图吗<一个href=”http年代://www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2011/496732/fig1/" target="_blank">1</一个>)。</pgydF4y2Ba> <p>体积的容器校长适用于关系:<年代p一个ncl一个年代年代=”equation" id="EEq5"> <svg height="18.4625" id="M37" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 18.4625" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,18.4625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-57.23)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,183.07,61.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.652556" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.692945" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.294769" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,218.47,66.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,223.34,61.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ℎ</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.214231" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="250.78" y="-0.46000001"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="254.9435" y="-0.46000001"> 5</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="261.19501" y="-0.46000001"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span>总质量反应混合物的质量<年代vghe我ght=”10.925”我d="M38" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:19.987499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 19.987499 10.925" width="19.987499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.925)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.26)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.07,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和大规模输入化学颗<年代vghe我ght=”10.925”我d="M39" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:25.825001px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 25.825001 10.925" width="25.825001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.925)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.26)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.07,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> F</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8661122" y="0"> K</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>是:<年代p一个ncl一个年代年代=”equation" id="EEq6"> <svg height="16.5375" id="M40" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 16.5375" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.5375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-58.77)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,169.33,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.352964" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.38085" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,202.6,60.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,212.39,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,232.61,60.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> F</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8661122" y="0"> K</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,244.29,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="229.83" y="0.63"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="233.9935" y="0.63"> 6</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="240.245" y="0.63"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span>是由stechiometric的比例<年代p一个ncl一个年代年代=”equation" id="EEq7"> <svg height="16.5375" id="M41" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 16.5375" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.5375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-58.77)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,159.47,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,168.35,60.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,178.83,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.040389" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.291889" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.493137" y="0"> 8</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.744637" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.996136" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.247639" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="48.499138" y="0"> 6</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="54.750637" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,242.47,60.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> F</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8661122" y="0"> K</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,254.15,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="219.97" y="0.63"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="224.1335" y="0.63"> 7</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="230.38499" y="0.63"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span>总容积反应混合物的体积等于总和初始混合物的反应和体积颗:<年代p一个ncl一个年代年代=”equation" id="EEq8"> <svg height="33.287498" id="M42" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 33.287498" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,33.2875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-45.37)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,136.44,57.3)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.652556" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.692945" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,166.32,54.17)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,176.11,57.3)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,194.65,54.17)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> F</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8661122" y="0"> K</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,209.8,57.3)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.23" y="-9.1400003"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,231.91,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 223.03,60.42 15.89,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,224.34,48.54)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,230.61,45.42)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,242.9,57.3)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.53" y="-9.1400003"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,264.31,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> F</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8661122" y="0"> K</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 255.43,60.42 20.56,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,256.73,48.54)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,263.01,45.42)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> F</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8661122" y="0"> K</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,277.19,57.3)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="196.92999" y="1.74"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="201.09351" y="1.74"> 8</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="207.345" y="1.74"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span>优化反应器的体积之间的关系和添加化学颗的质量是由(<一个href=”#EEq8">8</一个>)。然后用(<一个href=”#EEq7">7</一个>)给反应堆首批的质量:<年代p一个ncl一个年代年代=”equation" id="EEq9"> <svg height="36.599998" id="M43" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 36.599998" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,36.6)"> <g transform="translate(72,-42.72)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,143.54,54.65)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,152.42,51.52)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> F</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8661122" y="0"> K</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,167.57,54.65)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.650002" y="-9.1400003"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,210.5,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,217.51,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,223.79,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> F</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8661122" y="0"> K</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,235.47,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 180.81,57.77 88.08,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,180.81,45.89)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.2515001" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.452748" y="0"> 8</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.704248" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.955748" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.207249" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.458748" y="0"> 6</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.710247" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,229.8,42.77)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> F</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8661122" y="0"> K</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,244.26,45.89)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,261.88,42.77)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,270.09,54.65)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="204.03" y="0.41999999"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="208.1935" y="0.41999999"> 9</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="214.44499" y="0.41999999"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span>在这个例子中,优化然后添加参数厚度<年代vghe我ght=”10。75" id="M44" style="vertical-align:-0.15048pt;width:9.375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.375 10.75" width="9.375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.75)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.4)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>这是船的关系<年代p一个ncl一个年代年代=”equation" id="EEq10"> <svg height="16.5375" id="M45" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 16.5375" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.5375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-58.77)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,174.01,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,182.89,60.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> V</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.318944" y="0"> R</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,199.02,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,217.33,60.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,224.83,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.1269503" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.778546" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="243.03999" y="0.63"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="247.20351" y="0.63"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="253.455" y="0.63"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="259.70651" y="0.63"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span>最小化该地区产生所需的差异和实际温度的反应混合物在选定的时间间隔,这是一个批处理周期的持续时间?所需的温度为97°C (370.15 K)。最小化的成本函数为:<年代p一个ncl一个年代年代=”equation" id="EEq11"> <svg height="49.762501" id="M46" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 49.762501" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,49.7625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-32.19)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,151.24,48.57)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,158.18,45.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> c</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.8858881" y="0"> o</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.2618876" y="0"> 年代</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="13.119248" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,178.01,48.57)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,196.76,64.51)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,190.05,42.02)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,191.57,34.84)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7393761" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.7344961" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,208.29,50.16)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> |</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="3.1600001"> |</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.27" y="1.63"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="41.439999" y="1.59"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.349998" y="1.63"> ]</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="49.509998" y="-7.1054274e-015"> |</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="49.509998" y="3.1600001"> |</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="54.099998" y="1.59"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="2.5" y="1.59"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.965491" y="1.59"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.305712" y="1.59"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="259.57999" y="1.1900001"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="263.7435" y="1.1900001"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="269.995" y="1.1900001"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="276.24649" y="1.1900001"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></p> <h4 id="methods-and-evolutionary-algorithms">3所示。方法与进化算法</h4gydF4y2Ba> <h5 id="sec3.1">3.1。介绍和使用进化算法</h5gydF4y2Ba> <p>领域的历史表明,有许多不同的变异的进化算法。所有这些技术背后的常见的基本思想是一样的:由于人口的个人,环境的压力会导致自然选择(适者生存),这将导致人口的健康。给定一个质量功能最大化,我们可以随意创建一组候选解决方案,即函数的域的元素,并应用函数作为一个抽象的健身措施——高质量越好。基于这一健身,一些更好的候选人选择种子下一代通过应用重组和/或突变。重组是一个操作符应用到两个或两个以上的选择候选人(所谓的父母),结果在一个或多个新的候选人(孩子们)。突变是应用于一个候选人,结果在一个新的候选人。执行重组和突变导致的一组新的候选人(后代),compete-based健身(也可能是年龄)——一个地方的旧的下一代。这个过程可以重复,直到发现候选人有足够的质量(解决方案)或达到预先设定的计算限制。在这个过程中有两个基本力形式进化系统的基础。</p> <p>变异算子(重组和突变)创建必要的多样性,从而促进新奇,而选择充当力量推动质量。</pgydF4y2Ba> <p>合并后的变化和选择的应用程序通常会导致改善连续人群的健身价值。(尽管稍微误导)很容易看到这样一个过程,好像进化优化,或至少“approximising,”接近最佳值越来越接近了。另外,进化通常被视为一个适应的过程。从这个角度看,健身不是视为一个优化目标函数,但随着环保要求的表达。更紧密地匹配这些需求意味着增加生存能力,反映在更多的后代。进化过程使种群适应环境越来越好。</pgydF4y2Ba> <p>让我们注意到,许多组件这样的进化过程是随机的。在选择健康个体有更高的机会比不太健康的选择,但通常甚至软弱的人有机会成为一个父母或生存。复合的个人的选择哪些将重组是随机的。同样,突变,作品将在候选人突变的解决方案,和新件替换他们,是随机抽取的。总体方案的进化算法的伪代码<一个href=”http年代://www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2011/496732/psdc1/" target="_blank">1</一个>伪代码的方式(<一个href=”#B4a">3</一个>,<一个href=”#B4b">4</一个>]。</pgydF4y2Ba> <p></p> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="psdc1"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-psdc1"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td> <table class="algorithm" id="pseudo1"> <tbody> <tr> <td colspan="2"><span style="font-family:monospace">开始</年代p一个n></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><span style="font-family:monospace"><i>初始化</我>人口与随机的候选解决方案;</年代p一个n></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><span style="font-family:monospace"><i>评估</我>每个候选人;</年代p一个n></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><span style="font-family:monospace">重复直到(<我>终止条件</我>很满意)</年代p一个n></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">1<我></i><span style="font-family:monospace"><i>选择</我>父母;</年代p一个n></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">2<我></i><span style="font-family:monospace"><i>重组</我>对父母;</年代p一个n></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">3<我></i><span style="font-family:monospace"><i>变异</我>由此产生的后代;</年代p一个n></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">4<我></i><span style="font-family:monospace"><i>评估</我>新的候选人;</年代p一个n></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">5<我></i><span style="font-family:monospace"><i>选择</我>个人为下一代;</年代p一个n></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><span style="font-family:monospace">OD</年代p一个n></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><span style="font-family:monospace">结束</年代p一个n></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">伪代码1</年代p一个n> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2011/496732/psdc1/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> 进化算法的伪代码的总体方案。</d我v> </div> </div> <p></p> <p>进化算法是一群算法使用特殊的运营商突变,交叉等找到一个理想的解决方案。可能的候选人是由成本函数的参数是每个解决方案的价值。最好的一个是全球extreme-maximum或最低<一个href=”#B62">2</一个>]。</pgydF4y2Ba> <p>这些进化算法已经知道了几十年,经历的发展较弱的更健壮的成功使用在很多现在的任务。首次亮相以来,有很长的队列的代表:遗传算法、差分进化,自组织迁移算法,粒子群智能蚁群优化和人工免疫系统。优化,算法也属于一些随机性和确定性的:希尔攀登,模拟退火、蒙特卡罗和很多其他人或突变。这些技术承诺快速优化相比,经典数学方法。另一方面,这些优化技术之间也可以找到更好的,更糟。他们的行为被描述在很多引用。和这一领域的研究仍是充满了白色的地方。有广泛的领域可能的应用程序调优参数,进行比较,试图找到新的以某种方式(<一个href=”#B49">5</一个>]。</pgydF4y2Ba> <p>进化算法优化algorithms-mainly上述工具的必要组成部分,可以单独使用。这里概述的算法,用于进一步的模拟,将给定的。</pgydF4y2Ba> <p>分工优化算法可能如下(图<一个href=”http年代://www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2011/496732/fig2/" target="_blank">2</一个>)。这不是唯一的观点,<一个href=”#B62">2</一个>]。</pgydF4y2Ba> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig2"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig2"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="496732.fig.002" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.002.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图2</年代p一个n> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2011/496732/fig2/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <a href="#B62">2</一个> <table> 部门的进化算法,从(]gydF4y2Ba。</t一个ble> </div> </div> </div> <h5 id="sec3.2">3.2。一个简短的调查范围使用随机优化和筛选化学反应网络</h5gydF4y2Ba> <p>许多方法被用于所谓的最佳化学反应器。研究文章的Marcoulaki和Kokossis [<一个href=”#B41">6</一个>]介绍了简要的调查范围和使用随机优化筛选化学反应网络。关注系统的新方法和彻底考虑可用的选项和使用技术在上层建筑的形式,优化技术和各种图形的方法。</pgydF4y2Ba> <p>数学方法在优化反应器的重要性已经为尽早与估计的应用动态规划的最优操作条件在装运箱瀑布(<一个href=”#B5">7</一个>),针对单一可逆反应图形技术的发展再生能源(1961)。</pgydF4y2Ba> <p>大约在同一时间,一组由角(杰出的贡献<一个href=”#B29">8</一个>)提供的基础材料,后来成为attainable-region (AR)的方法。戴森和角<一个href=”#B15">9</一个>)开发的图形工具优化温度控制方案,沿着再生饲料分布概况,催化剂最小化问题(<一个href=”#B16">10</一个>]。在这些早期,单独的团体试图巩固选项和选择在全面反应器结构(<一个href=”#B44">11</一个>- - - - - -<一个href=”#B52">13</一个>]。优化方法最初解决固定反应堆结构。例子包括该和哈斯金斯(<一个href=”#B50">14</一个>]和Chitra Govind [<一个href=”#B8">15</一个>- - - - - -<一个href=”#B10">17</一个>]。第一个研究的综合结构应该归因于Achenie Biegler [<一个href=”#B1">18</一个>- - - - - -<一个href=”#B3">20.</一个>),采用现有的表征(<一个href=”#B44">11</一个>,<一个href=”#B30">12</一个>]在NLP的形式推出优化技术方法。</pgydF4y2Ba> <p>Kokossis和Floudas<一个href=”#B33">21</一个>- - - - - -<一个href=”#B35">23</一个>)首先引入了一个反应堆的概念网络上层建筑适应配方建模和优化。虽然一般的和包容的,他们表示没有遵循以前的发展,但努力促进适应技术与合成的功能目标。主要范围、优化和分析反应过程,Kokossis和Floudas取代了详细的模型与简单虽然通用结构,足够的屏幕设计选项和估计的极限性能反应系统。在相同的叶片、动态组件已经被装运箱瀑布所取代。通用元素的上层建筑(理想的装运箱和再生能源)提出考虑到所有可能的联系的单位之一。表示是适应模型建模和优化。</pgydF4y2Ba> <p>尽管出现明显的基本限制,持续努力扩展图形方法出现在文献[<一个href=”#B26">24</一个>- - - - - -<一个href=”#B47">30.</一个>]。</pgydF4y2Ba> <p>一个更有前途的方向一直Biegler和同事。动机一直在灌输更好的保证优化努力利用建设的理念和规则建立了基于“增大化现实”技术的应用。提出了在这一领域包括通过Balakrishna和Biegler [<一个href=”#B6">31日</一个>,<一个href=”#B7">32</一个>]和看到Biegler [<一个href=”#B36">33</一个>- - - - - -<一个href=”#B38">35</一个>),涉及数学规划应用程序的形式NLP以及适应配方。提出了最优控制配方Rojnuckarin et al。<一个href=”#B53">36</一个>]和Schweiger Floudas [<一个href=”#B54">37</一个>]。Hildebrandt和Biegler<一个href=”#B24">38</一个>)提出了一个实现地区的报告方法和建议领域未来发展的概念。</pgydF4y2Ba> <p>特别是近年来,人工智能的方法,即进化算法,用于优化成功的化学过程。进化算法已应用于NLP在许多工程应用的解决方案。最著名的这类算法包括遗传算法(GA),进化编程(EP),进化策略(ES)和遗传编程(GP)。有许多混合动力系统,将各种功能上面的范例,因此很难分类,就可以被称为EC方法,达斯古普塔和Michalewicz<一个href=”#B13">39</一个>]。他们从传统的算法不同,一般来说,只需要对目标函数的信息。</pgydF4y2Ba> <p>近年来,电子商务的方法已经应用于广泛的活动在过程系统工程包括建模、优化和控制。见,例如,实时控制的等离子体反应器(<一个href=”#B45">40</一个>- - - - - -<一个href=”#B67">42</一个>),反应精馏过程的优化使用自组织迁移算法和微分进化策略(<一个href=”#B59">43</一个>),利用人工智能方法优化和控制化学反应器(<一个href=”#B58">44</一个>),调查优化工艺参数和化学反应器几何的进化算法(<一个href=”#B58">44</一个>),或一个过程控制问题的最佳解决方案(连续搅拌釜反应器)使用一种混合神经网络(<一个href=”#B17">45</一个>]。</pgydF4y2Ba> <h4 id="select-evolutionary-algorithms">4所示。选择进化算法</h4gydF4y2Ba> <p>这里描述的实验、随机优化算法,如差分进化(DE) (<一个href=”#B51">46</一个>),自组织迁移算法(SOMA) (<一个href=”#B63">47</一个>,<一个href=”#B64">48</一个>)、遗传算法(GA) [<一个href=”#B27">49</一个>),而模拟退火(SA) [<一个href=”#B32">50</一个>,<一个href=”#B11">51</一个>被选中。主要原因,SOMA、GA和SA在化学工程种子来自当代国家和东亚峰会使用。因为现在已经做了一些研究关注在化学工程中使用EAs优化,包括德。这种参与已经表明,相对较新的算法的适用性也积极和可能导致适用的结果,如上所示,例如,在Zelinka [<一个href=”#B62">2</一个>),已完成5日欧盟项目RESTORM(缩写完全由资源管理环境可持续制革厂操作),主要目的是在化工过程中使用东亚峰会。真的也有很多其他启发式粒子群(<一个href=”#B40">52</一个>),分散搜索(<一个href=”#B19">53</一个>),迷因算法,模拟退火(<一个href=”#B32">50</一个>),根据没有免费的午餐定理(<一个href=”#B12">54</一个>)很清楚,每个启发式将更少或更多的应用于本文的示例。SOMA是一种随机优化算法,是仿照合作个体的社会行为<一个href=”#B63">47</一个>,<一个href=”#B64">48</一个>]。之所以选择它,是因为它已经证明了算法能够收敛到全局最优(<一个href=”#B63">47</一个>,<一个href=”#B64">48</一个>]。遗传算法是一种最现代范式一般解决问题。遗传算法比现有的直接搜索方法更健壮。遗传搜索方法的另一个重要属性是他们保持人口的潜在解决方案——这些都其他方法处理单点搜索空间像爬山法。希尔攀登方法提供局部最优值,这些值取决于起点的选择。也没有信息相对误差对全球最佳。增加成功率在山上攀爬方法中,它执行大量的随机选择不同的起点。另一方面,遗传算法是一个多向搜索保持人口的可能的解决方案,并鼓励这些方向之间的信息形成和交流。此外,SA是一个通用的概率meta-algorithm的全局优化问题,即定位一个好的近似给定函数的全局最优在一个大的搜索空间。SA被用于各种各样的组合优化问题,并在电路设计尤为成功(见[<一个href=”#B32">50</一个>])。</pgydF4y2Ba> <h5 id="sec4.1">4.1。微分进化(DE)</h5gydF4y2Ba> <p>微分进化(<一个href=”#B51">46</一个>)是一种以人群为基础的优化方法,适用于real-number-coded个人。为每个单独的<年代vghe我ght=”12。4625” id="M47" style="vertical-align:-4.37273pt;width:23.725px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 23.725 12.4625" width="23.725" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.4625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.03)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.9098721" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>在当前一代<年代vghe我ght=”10。75" id="M48" style="vertical-align:-0.15048pt;width:11.9125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.9125 10.75" width="11.9125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.75)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.4)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>个人,生成一个新的审判<年代vghe我ght=”19。2875" id="M49" style="vertical-align:-5.39578pt;width:23.725px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 23.725 19.2875" width="23.725" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,19.2875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-56.57)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,62)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,67.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="9.1499996"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="9.1499996"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.9098721" y="9.1499996"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>通过添加加权随机选择两个个体之间的区别<年代vghe我ght=”12。4625” id="M50" style="vertical-align:-4.37273pt;width:30.262501px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 30.262501 12.4625" width="30.262501" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.4625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.03)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.570816" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="7.946816" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.134816" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<年代vghe我ght=”12。4625” id="M51" style="vertical-align:-4.37273pt;width:30.262501px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 30.262501 12.4625" width="30.262501" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.4625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.03)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.570816" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="7.946816" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.134816" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>第三个随机选择的个体<年代vghe我ght=”12。4625” id="M52" style="vertical-align:-4.37273pt;width:30.262501px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 30.262501 12.4625" width="30.262501" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.4625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.03)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.570816" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="7.946816" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.134816" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。由此产生的个人<年代vghe我ght=”19。2875" id="M53" style="vertical-align:-5.39578pt;width:23.725px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 23.725 19.2875" width="23.725" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,19.2875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-56.57)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,62)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,67.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="9.1499996"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="9.1499996"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.9098721" y="9.1499996"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>是跨越与原个体<年代vghe我ght=”12。4625” id="M54" style="vertical-align:-4.37273pt;width:23.725px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 23.725 12.4625" width="23.725" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.4625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.03)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.9098721" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。健身的个体,称为perturbated向量<年代vghe我ght=”12。4625” id="M55" style="vertical-align:-4.37273pt;width:35.287498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 35.287498 12.4625" width="35.287498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.4625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.03)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-66.02,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.9098721" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="11.33384" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="17.32896" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>然后比较健康的<年代vghe我ght=”12。4625” id="M56" style="vertical-align:-4.37273pt;width:23.725px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 23.725 12.4625" width="23.725" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.4625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.03)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.9098721" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。如果健身<年代vghe我ght=”12。4625” id="M57" style="vertical-align:-4.37273pt;width:35.287498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 35.287498 12.4625" width="35.287498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.4625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.03)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-66.02,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.9098721" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="11.33384" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="17.32896" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>大于健身的<年代vghe我ght=”12。4625” id="M58" style="vertical-align:-4.37273pt;width:23.725px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 23.725 12.4625" width="23.725" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.4625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.03)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.9098721" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,<年代vghe我ght=”12。4625” id="M59" style="vertical-align:-4.37273pt;width:23.725px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 23.725 12.4625" width="23.725" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.4625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.03)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.9098721" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>被替换为<年代vghe我ght=”12。4625” id="M60" style="vertical-align:-4.37273pt;width:35.287498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 35.287498 12.4625" width="35.287498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.4625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.03)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-66.02,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.9098721" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="11.33384" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="17.32896" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>;否则,<年代vghe我ght=”12。4625” id="M61" style="vertical-align:-4.37273pt;width:23.725px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 23.725 12.4625" width="23.725" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.4625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.03)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.9098721" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>仍然在人口<年代vghe我ght=”12。4625” id="M62" style="vertical-align:-4.37273pt;width:36.474998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 36.474998 12.4625" width="36.474998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.4625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.03)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.9098721" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="11.33384" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="17.32896" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。恭敬的进化是稳健、快速、有效的全局优化能力。它不需要目标函数可微的,它与嘈杂,上位性和时间目标函数(参见伪代码<一个href=”http年代://www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2011/496732/psdc2/" target="_blank">2</一个>)。</pgydF4y2Ba> <p></p> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="psdc2"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-psdc2"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td> <table class="algorithm" id="pseudo2"> <tbody> <tr> <td colspan="2">1。输入:<年代vghe我ght=”14。7125” id="M63" style="vertical-align:-3.22282pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 272.5625 14.7125" width="272.5625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.23)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-67.78,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.8773699" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.078618" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-43.52,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 米</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> 一个</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.694944" y="0"> x</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-26.49,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.2012482" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.841301" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.743917" y="0"> ≥</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.784306" y="0"> 4</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.035805" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="50.237053" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="61.439743" y="0"> ∈</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="73.480133" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="77.643631" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="83.895126" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="89.108879" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="95.360382" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="103.92493" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="108.08843" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="113.28968" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="121.6792" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="134.40726" y="0"> ∈</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="146.44763" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="150.61115" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="156.86264" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="162.07639" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="168.3279" y="0"> ]</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和初始边界:<年代vghe我ght=”16。049999" id="M64" style="vertical-align:-1.76814pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 57.849998 16.049999" width="57.849998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.05)"> <g transform="translate(72,-59.16)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-76.69,60.97)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.7511401" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,65.97)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9144161" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.6975522" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.7059679" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-51.95,60.97)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0.47511399" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.2137508" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-39.87,65.97)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9144161" y="0"> ℎ</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="7.9643202" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.686192" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。</tdgydF4y2Ba> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">2。初始化:<年代vghe我ght=”48。1875" id="M65" style="vertical-align:-16.1452pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 437.25 48.1875" width="437.25" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,48.1875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-33.45)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,39.87)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.440001" y="-17.969999"> ∀</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.441681" y="-17.969999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.793444" y="-17.969999"> ≤</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.833832" y="-17.969999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="53.473885" y="-17.969999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="63.676334" y="-17.969999"> ∧</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="74.216362" y="-17.969999"> ∀</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="81.21804" y="-17.969999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="89.545044" y="-17.969999"> ≤</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="101.58543" y="-17.969999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="114.93864" y="-17.969999"> ∶</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="124.8035" y="-17.969999"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,59.73,54.71)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.9098721" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.3143997" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.5024" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="16.926369" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="22.921488" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,91,57.84)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.040389" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,109.92,63.89)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="10.24"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9144161" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.6975522" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.7059679" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,125.82,57.84)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.327718" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.428942" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.705448" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.919439" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,162.15,54.71)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,166.58,57.84)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.616247" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.867746" y="0"> ]</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.806911" y="0"> •</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.134151" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.297649" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,215.76,63.89)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="10.24"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9144161" y="0"> ℎ</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="7.9643202" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.686192" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,232.63,57.84)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,250.85,63.89)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="10.24"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9144161" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.6975522" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.7059679" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,263.97,57.84)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-319.48001" y="17.49"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-312.12823" y="17.49"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-300.08786" y="17.49"> {</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-294.0864" y="17.49"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-287.8349" y="17.49"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-282.62115" y="17.49"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-276.36966" y="17.49"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-271.15591" y="17.49"> …</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-256.57739" y="17.49"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-251.36366" y="17.49"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-240.7236" y="17.49"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-233.29681" y="17.49"> }</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-227.29538" y="17.49"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-217.91814" y="17.49"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-209.57863" y="17.49"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-197.55075" y="17.49"> {</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-191.5493" y="17.49"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-185.29781" y="17.49"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-180.08405" y="17.49"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-173.83255" y="17.49"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-168.6188" y="17.49"> …</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-154.0403" y="17.49"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-148.82655" y="17.49"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-138.94919" y="17.49"> }</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-132.94774" y="17.49"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-123.5705" y="17.49"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-110.91746" y="17.49"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-98.877068" y="17.49"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-92.625565" y="17.49"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-87.424316" y="17.49"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-82.323097" y="17.49"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-76.046593" y="17.49"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-69.832596" y="17.49"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,201.55,37.23)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,205.98,40.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.616247" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.867746" y="0"> ]</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.50708" y="0"> ∈</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="41.54747" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.710968" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="51.962467" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="57.163715" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="63.415215" y="0"> ]</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <svg height="224.97501" id="M66" style="vertical-align:-87.13141pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 643.59998 224.97501" width="643.59998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,224.975)"> <g transform="translate(72,107.98)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,56.89)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ⎧</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="10.93"> ⎪</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="22.639999"> ⎪</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="34.349998"> ⎪</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="46.060001"> ⎪</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="57.77"> ⎪</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="69.480003"> ⎪</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="81.190002"> ⎨</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="92.910004"> ⎪</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="104.62"> ⎪</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="116.33"> ⎪</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="128.03999"> ⎪</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="139.75"> ⎪</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="151.46001"> ⎪</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="162.33"> ⎩</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.99" y="-6.3099999"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.241501" y="-6.3099999"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.530748" y="-6.3099999"> W</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.33358" y="-6.3099999"> h</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.585079" y="-6.3099999"> 我</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="46.060917" y="-6.3099999"> l</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="49.536751" y="-6.3099999"> e</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="59.251579" y="-6.3099999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="71.904617" y="-6.3099999"> <</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="83.945007" y="-6.3099999"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,21.18,60.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 米</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> 一个</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.694944" y="0"> x</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-60.96,-23.61)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="48.43" y="-63.02"> ⎧</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="48.43" y="-53.48"> ⎪</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="48.43" y="-42.139999"> ⎪</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="48.43" y="-30.809999"> ⎪</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="48.43" y="-19.48"> ⎪</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="48.43" y="-8.1499996"> ⎪</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="48.43" y="3.1800001"> ⎨</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="48.43" y="14.52"> ⎪</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="48.43" y="25.85"> ⎪</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="48.43" y="37.18"> ⎪</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="48.43" y="48.509998"> ⎪</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="48.43" y="59.849998"> ⎪</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="48.43" y="69.330002"> ⎩</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ∀</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.0016799" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.353444" y="0"> ≤</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.393833" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.033886" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="59.419998" y="-69.32"> 4</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="65.671501" y="-69.32"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="72.960747" y="-69.32"> 米</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="84.075912" y="-69.32"> u</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="90.327415" y="-69.32"> t</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="93.928284" y="-69.32"> 一个</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="99.479614" y="-69.32"> t</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="102.95544" y="-69.32"> e</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="112.67028" y="-69.32"> 一个</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="118.22161" y="-69.32"> n</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="124.47311" y="-69.32"> d</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="134.88811" y="-69.32"> r</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="139.03911" y="-69.32"> e</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="144.59044" y="-69.32"> c</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="150.14177" y="-69.32"> o</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="156.39326" y="-69.32"> 米</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="166.12061" y="-69.32"> b</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="172.3721" y="-69.32"> 我</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="175.84793" y="-69.32"> n</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="182.09944" y="-69.32"> e</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="191.11411" y="-69.32"> ∶</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="119.19" y="-51.84"> 4</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="125.4415" y="-51.84"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="128.56725" y="-51.84"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="144.78365" y="-51.84"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,88.93,25.1)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,93.8,28.23)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.2012482" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,104.11,25.1)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,108.99,28.23)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.2012482" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,119.3,25.1)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,127.64,28.23)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ∈</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.040389" y="0"> {</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.041828" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.293329" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.494577" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.746078" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.959827" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="44.085579" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="47.211327" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="50.337078" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="53.46283" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="58.676579" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="69.316635" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="76.743416" y="0"> }</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="82.744858" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="87.946098" y="0"> r</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="92.097099" y="0"> 一个</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="97.64843" y="0"> n</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="103.89993" y="0"> d</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="110.15143" y="0"> o</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="116.40293" y="0"> 米</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="126.13026" y="0"> l</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="129.34354" y="0"> y</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="139.75853" y="0"> 年代</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="144.62221" y="0"> e</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="150.17354" y="0"> l</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="153.64937" y="0"> e</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="159.2007" y="0"> c</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="164.75203" y="0"> t</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="168.22786" y="0"> e</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="173.77919" y="0"> d</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="180.0307" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="189.40794" y="0"> e</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="194.70921" y="0"> x</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="200.66064" y="0"> c</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="206.21198" y="0"> e</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="211.76331" y="0"> p</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="218.0023" y="0"> t</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="224.92897" y="0"> ∶</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="234.79384" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,367.55,25.1)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,374.5,28.23)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ≠</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.652556" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,390.25,25.1)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,397.21,28.23)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ≠</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.640053" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,412.96,25.1)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,419.92,28.23)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ≠</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.640053" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-361.69" y="17.49"> 4</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-355.43851" y="17.49"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-352.31274" y="17.49"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-336.09634" y="17.49"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,88.69,7.62)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.570816" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="7.9643202" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="12.314064" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,110.16,10.74)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ∈</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> {</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.029325" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.280827" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.494577" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.746078" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.947327" y="0"> …</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="55.538326" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="60.752075" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="70.629448" y="0"> }</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="76.63089" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="81.832138" y="0"> r</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="85.983131" y="0"> 一个</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="91.534462" y="0"> n</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="97.785965" y="0"> d</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="104.03746" y="0"> o</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="110.28896" y="0"> 米</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="120.0163" y="0"> l</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="123.22957" y="0"> y</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="133.64456" y="0"> 年代</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="138.50824" y="0"> e</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="144.05957" y="0"> l</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="147.5354" y="0"> e</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="153.08673" y="0"> c</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="158.63806" y="0"> t</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="162.11389" y="0"> e</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="167.66524" y="0"> d</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="178.08023" y="0"> o</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="184.33173" y="0"> n</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="190.58322" y="0"> c</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="196.13457" y="0"> e</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="205.8494" y="0"> e</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="211.40073" y="0"> 一个</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="216.95206" y="0"> c</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="222.31584" y="0"> h</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="232.73083" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-111.7" y="36.099998"> 4</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-105.4485" y="36.099998"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-102.32275" y="36.099998"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-91.907753" y="36.099998"> ∀</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-84.906075" y="36.099998"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-76.566566" y="36.099998"> ≤</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-64.538681" y="36.099998"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-54.661312" y="36.099998"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-49.447563" y="36.099998"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,66.65,-28.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.4045279" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.5925279" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.3143997" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.5024" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="16.926369" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="22.921488" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,97.91,-25.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.04" y="-12.4"> ⎧</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.04" y="-7.02"> ⎪</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.04" y="3.1800001"> ⎨</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.04" y="13.38"> ⎪</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.04" y="18.709999"> ⎩</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.030001" y="-18.620001"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,127.82,-9.87)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.4045279" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.5925279" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,136.98,-12.05)"> <tspan style="font-size: 6.25px; " x="0" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,140.61,-9.87)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.188" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,152.67,-6.74)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.842741" y="0"> ⋅</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.194265" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.357765" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,191.91,-9.87)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.4045279" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.5925279" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,201.08,-12.05)"> <tspan style="font-size: 6.25px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,204.7,-9.87)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.188" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,216.76,-6.74)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,234.98,-9.87)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.4045279" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.5925279" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,244.15,-12.05)"> <tspan style="font-size: 6.25px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,247.77,-9.87)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.188" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,257.06,-6.74)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-96.269997" y="17.48"> 我</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-92.794167" y="17.48"> f</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-84.467171" y="17.48"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-80.303673" y="17.48"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-75.202446" y="17.48"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-68.925941" y="17.48"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-62.711948" y="17.48"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,201.76,-27.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,206.19,-24.22)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.616247" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.867746" y="0"> ]</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.50708" y="0"> <</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="41.534966" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="49.92448" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="61.964867" y="0"> ∨</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="72.492393" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="80.831894" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="92.859779" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,303.93,-27.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.570816" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="7.9643202" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="12.314064" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,321.92,-24.22)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-200.98" y="17.49"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,127.82,-44.83)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.4045279" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.5925279" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.3143997" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.5024" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,149.59,-41.71)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> o</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.1514759" y="0"> t</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.7148314" y="0"> h</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.966331" y="0"> e</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.517662" y="0"> r</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.918718" y="0"> w</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.945885" y="0"> 我</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.421719" y="0"> 年代</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="43.285385" y="0"> e</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-151.13" y="13.51"> 5</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-144.87849" y="13.51"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-137.58925" y="13.51"> 年代</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-130.63759" y="13.51"> e</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-125.08625" y="13.51"> l</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-121.61042" y="13.51"> e</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-116.05908" y="13.51"> c</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-110.50775" y="13.51"> t</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-161.32001" y="41.110001"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-151.13005" y="41.110001"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,5.34,-85.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.9098721" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="11.33384" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="17.32896" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,31.01,-82.82)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.04" y="7.3200002"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.69" y="-9.6700001"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.367561" y="-9.6700001"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,63.29,-76.27)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.9098721" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="11.33384" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="17.32896" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,91.47,-73.15)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 我</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="3.4758339" y="0"> f</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.802832" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.741997" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.25294" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.917999" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,120.31,-76.27)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.9098721" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="11.33384" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="17.32896" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,142.51,-73.15)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.6393328" y="0"> ≤</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.667219" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.606384" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.043749" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.782387" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,180.17,-76.27)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.9098721" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,192.17,-73.15)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-139.53999" y="17.92"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-134.80136" y="17.92"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,64.24,-94.19)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.9098721" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,91.47,-91.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> o</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.1639791" y="0"> t</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.727334" y="0"> h</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.978834" y="0"> e</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.530167" y="0"> r</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.931223" y="0"> w</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.958389" y="0"> 我</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.434223" y="0"> 年代</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="43.29789" y="0"> e</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-152.42999" y="13.11"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-139.78947" y="13.11"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-127.74908" y="13.11"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-115.79621" y="13.11"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-104.44349" y="13.11"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">伪代码2</年代p一个n> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2011/496732/psdc2/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> 德的伪代码。</d我v> </div> </div> <p></p> <p>有些版本的优化意味着微分进化,和两个标准版本的德,具体DERand1Bin, DERand2Bin选择化学反应器的优化。</pgydF4y2Ba> <h5 id="sec4.2">4.2。自组织迁移算法(SOMA)</h5gydF4y2Ba> <p>SOMA是一种随机优化算法,是仿照合作个体的社会行为<一个href=”#B63">47</一个>,<一个href=”#B64">48</一个>]。之所以选择它,是因为它已经证明了算法能够收敛到全局最优(<一个href=”#B63">47</一个>,<一个href=”#B64">48</一个>]。SOMA工作人口的循环称为迁移循环的候选方案。随机初始化种群分布在搜索空间搜索的开始。在每个循环中,人口是评估和解决方案与健身成为最高领导人<年代vghe我ght=”10.325”我d="M67" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:11.1875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.1875 10.325" width="11.1875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。除了领导之外,在一个迁移循环,所有人都将遍历输入空间的方向的领导者。个人的随机扰动,突变是进化的一个重要操作策略(ES)。确保在个体多样性,它还提供了人口恢复丢失的信息的手段。突变是不同与其他相比,SOMA ES策略。SOMA使用一个叫做PRT实现扰动参数。这个参数具有相同的效应为GA SOMA随着突变。PRT向量定义了活跃的个体在搜索空间的最后一个乐章。</pgydF4y2Ba> <p>随机生成的二进制扰动向量控制允许个体的维度。如果一个扰动向量元素设置为0,那么个人是不允许改变其位置在相应的维度。个体将旅行一定距离(称为路径长度)的领袖n步定义的长度。如果选择路径长度大于1,那么个人会过度的领袖。这条路是随机摄动。使用的算法的一种描述请参阅[<一个href=”#B63">47</一个>,<一个href=”#B64">48</一个>SOMA)。SOMA是伪代码(如伪代码显示<一个href=”http年代://www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2011/496732/psdc3/" target="_blank">3</一个>)。</pgydF4y2Ba> <p></p> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="psdc3"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-psdc3"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td> <table class="algorithm" id="pseudo3"> <tbody> <tr> <td colspan="2">输入:<我>N</我>迁移,<我>PopSize</我> <svg height="13.6625" id="M68" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 327.76251 13.6625" width="327.76251" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.6625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.07)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.41)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ≥</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.656635" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.08342" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="44.335636" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="54.688122" y="0"> ∈</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="66.728508" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="70.892014" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="77.143509" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="82.344757" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="88.59626" y="0"> ]</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="92.759758" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="102.13701" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="110.26395" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="114.1774" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="119.74123" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="129.33104" y="0"> ∈</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="141.37141" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="145.53493" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="151.78642" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="157.00017" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="163.25168" y="0"> ]</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="167.41518" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="176.79242" y="0"> 米</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="187.90759" y="0"> 我</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="191.38342" y="0"> n</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="197.63492" y="0"> D</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="206.66209" y="0"> 我</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="210.13792" y="0"> v</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="224.02875" y="0"> ∈</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="236.06914" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="240.23264" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="246.48415" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="251.68539" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="257.93689" y="0"> ]</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,</tdgydF4y2Ba> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><i></i>路径长度<我>∈</我>(0 5),<我>标本</我>上界和下界<年代vghe我ght=”22。450001" id="M69" style="vertical-align:-5.84473pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 57.849998 22.450001" width="57.849998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,22.45)"> <g transform="translate(72,-54.04)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,59.92)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,65.97)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="10.24"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9144161" y="0"> ℎ</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="7.9643202" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.686192" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-50.97,59.92)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.2012482" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-38.89,65.97)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="10.24"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9144161" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.6975522" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.7059679" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">Inicialization:<年代vghe我ght=”48。1875" id="M70" style="vertical-align:-16.1452pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 527.83752 48.1875" width="527.83752" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,48.1875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-33.45)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,39.87)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.440001" y="-17.969999"> ∀</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.441681" y="-17.969999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.793444" y="-17.969999"> ≤</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.833832" y="-17.969999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="50.260616" y="-17.969999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="55.986988" y="-17.969999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="62.100956" y="-17.969999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="70.227905" y="-17.969999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="74.116341" y="-17.969999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="80.355339" y="-17.969999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="88.694839" y="-17.969999"> ∧</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="99.234863" y="-17.969999"> ∀</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="106.23655" y="-17.969999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="114.56355" y="-17.969999"> ≤</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="126.60394" y="-17.969999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="140.71982" y="-17.969999"> ∶</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="150.58469" y="-17.969999"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,85.52,54.71)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.9098721" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.3143997" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.5024" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="19.298161" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="22.020033" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="26.326015" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="29.896832" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="34.290337" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="37.029713" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="39.751583" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="43.759998" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="48.109745" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="51.960625" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="57.955746" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,151.82,57.84)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,170.73,63.89)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="10.24"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9144161" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.6975522" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.7059679" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,186.63,57.84)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.441444" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.717951" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.931942" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,222.22,54.71)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,226.65,57.84)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.616247" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.867746" y="0"> ]</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.806911" y="0"> •</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.121647" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.285145" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,275.82,63.89)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="10.24"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9144161" y="0"> ℎ</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="7.9643202" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.686192" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,292.7,57.84)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,310.92,63.89)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="10.24"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9144161" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.6975522" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.7059679" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,324.04,57.84)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-379.54999" y="17.49"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-372.19824" y="17.49"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-360.15784" y="17.49"> {</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-354.1564" y="17.49"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-347.90491" y="17.49"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-342.69116" y="17.49"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-336.43967" y="17.49"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-331.22589" y="17.49"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-328.10016" y="17.49"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-324.9744" y="17.49"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-321.84866" y="17.49"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-316.6474" y="17.49"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-304.08188" y="17.49"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-300.19345" y="17.49"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-294.04199" y="17.49"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-288.94077" y="17.49"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-282.66425" y="17.49"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-278.75082" y="17.49"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-274.8624" y="17.49"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-269.13602" y="17.49"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-262.92203" y="17.49"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-257.42068" y="17.49"> }</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-251.41925" y="17.49"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-246.20551" y="17.49"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-237.866" y="17.49"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-225.83812" y="17.49"> {</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-219.83669" y="17.49"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-213.58517" y="17.49"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-208.37143" y="17.49"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-202.11993" y="17.49"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-196.90617" y="17.49"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-193.78043" y="17.49"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-190.65468" y="17.49"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-187.52893" y="17.49"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-182.32768" y="17.49"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-171.68762" y="17.49"> }</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-165.68619" y="17.49"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-160.47243" y="17.49"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-147.90692" y="17.49"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-144.01848" y="17.49"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-137.867" y="17.49"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-132.76579" y="17.49"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-126.48928" y="17.49"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-122.57584" y="17.49"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-118.68741" y="17.49"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-112.96104" y="17.49"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-106.74704" y="17.49"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-97.76989" 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y="-37.759998"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="182.87416" y="-37.759998"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="189.08817" y="-37.759998"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="195.23964" y="-37.759998"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="199.15308" y="-37.759998"> ℎ</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="82.150002" y="-20.280001"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="86.038429" y="-20.280001"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="102.80495" y="-20.280001"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="107.90618" y="-20.280001"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="114.12017" y="-20.280001"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,59.82,25.1)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,67.72,28.23)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> <</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.454668" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.706888" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.923519" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="52.037487" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="58.313992" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="73.430122" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="80.856903" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="90.109123" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="96.985771" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="104.175" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="109.73883" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="114.92757" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="118.84102" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="124.56739" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text 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12.50px; " x="118.65347" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="123.86722" y="0"> …</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="138.44572" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="143.65947" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,28.07,13.58)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.7957602" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="14.992176" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="20.987295" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="9.0500002"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="9.0500002"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.9098721" y="9.0500002"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,57.4,8.58)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,76.32,13.58)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.7957602" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="8.6899996"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="8.6899996"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.9098721" y="8.6899996"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.3143997" y="8.6899996"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.5024" y="8.6899996"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="14.35328" y="8.6899996"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="17.092655" y="8.6899996"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="21.48616" y="8.6899996"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="25.056976" y="8.6899996"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,107.39,8.58)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.50372" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,129.77,13.58)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.7957602" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="9.0200005"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.1964159" y="9.0200005"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.3844156" y="9.0200005"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,148.04,8.58)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,166.26,13.58)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.7957602" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="8.6899996"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="8.6899996"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.9098721" y="8.6899996"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.3143997" y="8.6899996"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.5024" y="8.6899996"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="14.35328" y="8.6899996"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="17.092655" y="8.6899996"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="21.48616" y="8.6899996"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="25.056976" y="8.6899996"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,194.56,8.58)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.490497" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.730934" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.170219" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="41.42244" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="48.299088" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="55.488316" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="61.052151" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="66.240891" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="70.154335" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="75.880707" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,275.54,5.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,21.19,-11.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.9391651" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.102664" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,39.17,-6.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.7957602" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="14.992176" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="20.987295" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="9.0500002"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="9.0500002"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.9098721" y="9.0500002"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,65.03,-11.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.6268301" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.667219" y="0"> 我</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.143053" y="0"> f</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.470051" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.409218" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.572716" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,114.49,-6.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.7957602" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="8.6899996"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="8.6899996"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.9098721" y="8.6899996"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,129.98,-11.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.6268301" y="0"> ≤</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.667219" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.606384" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.769882" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,167.64,-6.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.7957602" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="8.6899996"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="8.6899996"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.9098721" y="8.6899996"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.3143997" y="8.6899996"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.5024" y="8.6899996"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="14.35328" y="8.6899996"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="17.092655" y="8.6899996"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="21.48616" y="8.6899996"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="25.056976" y="8.6899996"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,195.93,-11.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.3269978" y="0"> e</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.87833" y="0"> l</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.354164" y="0"> 年代</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.217831" y="0"> e</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.932661" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.871826" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="43.035324" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,245.85,-6.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.7957602" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="8.6899996"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="8.6899996"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.9098721" y="8.6899996"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.3143997" y="8.6899996"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.5024" y="8.6899996"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="14.35328" y="8.6899996"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="17.092655" y="8.6899996"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="21.48616" y="8.6899996"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="25.056976" y="8.6899996"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,274.15,-11.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-252.96001" y="17.49"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-245.58324" y="17.49"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-233.54285" y="17.49"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-226.85373" y="17.49"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-215.51352" y="17.49"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-207.38657" y="17.49"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-203.47313" y="17.49"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-197.90929" y="17.49"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-335.10999" y="29.99"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-321.41922" y="29.99"> 我</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-317.94339" y="29.99"> g</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-311.56686" y="29.99"> r</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-307.41586" y="29.99"> 一个</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-301.86453" y="29.99"> t</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-298.3887" y="29.99"> 我</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-294.91284" y="29.99"> o</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-288.66135" y="29.99"> n</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-282.40985" y="29.99"> 年代</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-274.09537" y="29.99"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-262.05496" y="29.99"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-248.36418" y="29.99"> 我</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-244.88835" y="29.99"> g</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-238.51183" y="29.99"> r</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-234.36082" y="29.99"> 一个</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-228.80949" y="29.99"> t</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-225.33366" y="29.99"> 我</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-221.85782" y="29.99"> o</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-215.60632" y="29.99"> n</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-209.35483" y="29.99"> 年代</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-201.728" y="29.99"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-190.37527" y="29.99"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">伪代码3</年代p一个n> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2011/496732/psdc3/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> SOMA的伪代码。</d我v> </div> </div> <p></p> <p>现在,每天有一些SOMA版本的算法。在这工作我有两种策略的SOMA用于化学反应器的优化和预测控制。他们是“一”(SOMAATO),也就是说,最糟糕的版本和“随机”一个(SOMAATOR),也就是说,SOMA的最好的版本。</pgydF4y2Ba> <p>SOMA有些版本的算法。在这工作我有两种策略的SOMA用于化学反应器的优化和预测控制。他们是“一”(SOMAATO),也就是说,最坏的版本,和“随机”一个(SOMAATOR),也就是说,遵循SOMA最好的版本。<年代p一个ncl一个年代年代=”l是t”><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label">(我)</年代p一个n><span class="list-content"><i>所有的一</我>这一节中描述的策略。“一个”意味着所有对象人口迁移到领导者(领袖本身除外)。</年代p一个n></span><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label">(2)</年代p一个n><span class="list-content"><i>所有人一个随机的</我>是策略,所有个人搬回一个个体(领袖),这不是最深的超平面上的位置,但这是对每个随机选择的个体迁移的人口。这里出现可能的修改策略,个人不选择随机,但适当的,因为是遗传算法的情况下。</年代p一个n></span></span></p> <h5 id="sec4.3">4.3。遗传算法(GA)</h5gydF4y2Ba> <p>遗传算法(GA)模仿进化过程与强调genotype-based运营商(基因型和表现型二元论)。GA工作人口的人工染色体,称为个体。每个人都由一串表示<年代vghe我ght=”10.325”我d="M72" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:11.1875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.1875 10.325" width="11.1875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>位。每一部分的这个字符串对应一个变量优化问题的二进制编码形式。</pgydF4y2Ba> <p>优化过程中人口发展主要是通过交叉操作。这个操作重组个人长字符串的人群中有一定概率的电脑。在大多数应用GA的突变是其次。它负责确保一些改变,因此,允许GA探索完整的搜索空间即使暂时失去了必要的等位基因由于收敛。</pgydF4y2Ba> <p>伪代码<一个href=”http年代://www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2011/496732/psdc4/" target="_blank">4</一个>描述了遗传算法的一般原则。</pgydF4y2Ba> <p></p> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="psdc4"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-psdc4"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td> <table class="algorithm" id="pseudo4"> <tbody> <tr> <td colspan="2">t = 0;</tdgydF4y2Ba> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">初始化(p (t = 0));</tdgydF4y2Ba> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">evaluatae (P (t = 0));</tdgydF4y2Ba> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><b>而</bgydF4y2Ba>是<我>NotTerminated</我>()<bgydF4y2Ba>做</bgydF4y2Ba></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <svg height="14.3625" id="M73" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 15.1125 14.3625" width="15.1125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.51)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.52,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>(t) =复制(<年代vghe我ght=”16。237499” id="M74" style="vertical-align:-4.74141pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 15.375 16.237499" width="15.375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.2375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-59.01)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.52,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>);</tdgydF4y2Ba> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">mutace (<年代vghe我ght=”14。3625” id="M75" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 15.1125 14.3625" width="15.1125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.51)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.52,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>(t));</tdgydF4y2Ba> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">评估(<年代vghe我ght=”14。3625” id="M76" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 15.1125 14.3625" width="15.1125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.51)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.52,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>(t));</tdgydF4y2Ba> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">P (t + 1) = buildNextGenerationForm (<我>P<年代ub>c</年代ub></i>(t)</tdgydF4y2Ba> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">P (t));</tdgydF4y2Ba> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">t = t + 1;</tdgydF4y2Ba> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><b>结束</bgydF4y2Ba></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">伪代码4</年代p一个n> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2011/496732/psdc4/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> 遗传算法的伪代码。</d我v> </div> </div> <p></p> <h5 id="sec4.4">4.4。模拟退火(SA)</h5gydF4y2Ba> <p>模拟退火(SA)是基于固体退火过程之间的相似性和解决组合优化问题<一个href=”#B32">50</一个>]。SA由几种降低温度。每个温度都有几个迭代。首先,选择开始温度,最初的解决方案是随机选择的。成本函数的值(即基于当前的解决方案。在这种情况下,最初的解决方案)将被计算。我们的目标是最小化代价函数。后来,小区里的一个新的解决方案将生成当前的解决方案。成本函数的新值基于新的解决方案将计算和比较当前的成本函数值。如果新的代价函数值小于当前值,它将被接受。否则,新值将被接受只有当大都市的标准(<一个href=”#B43">55</一个>]<一个href=”http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V20-4V38XR6-1&_user=658430&_coverDate=07%2F31%2F2009&_alid=911192259&_rdoc=85&_fmt=full&_orig=search&_cdi=5688&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=34189&_acct=C000035718&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=658430&md5=52b88f6fd37b93cbddc20e98014804fd" target="_blank"></a>基于玻耳兹曼的概率,满足。根据城市的标准,如果当前的成本函数值之间的差异和新生成的解决方案(<年代vghe我ght=”10。6625" id="M77" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:23.5px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 23.5 10.6625" width="23.5" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.6625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.47)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.52)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> Δ</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.0271664" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)等于或大于零,一个随机数<年代vghe我ght=”10。7375" id="M78" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt;width:7.9875002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 7.9875002 10.7375" width="7.9875002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.7375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.41)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>在<年代vghe我ght=”13。125”我d="M79" style="vertical-align:-1.95624pt;width:32.674999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 32.674999 13.125" width="32.674999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.5)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.616247" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.867746" y="0"> ]</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>从均匀分布生成。如果(<一个href=”#EEq12">12</一个>),新生成的解决方案被接受作为当前解决方案:<年代p一个ncl一个年代年代=”equation" id="EEq12"> <svg height="30.6625" id="M80" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 30.6625" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,30.6625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-47.47)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,168.73,56.27)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.450001" y="4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.82" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.764843" y="0"> ≤</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.792728" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="46.580002" y="-7.25"> Δ</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="55.607166" y="-7.25"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 215.31,59.4 18.7,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,220.22,47.52)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.99" y="-3.8299999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.67" y="-8.75"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="247.64999" y="-9.0900002"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="251.81349" y="-9.0900002"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="258.065" y="-9.0900002"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="264.3165" y="-9.0900002"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span>新解决方案的数量在每个温度是一样的迭代生成数量在温度限制的终止条件。终止条件可以简单到一定数量的迭代。所有温度的迭代完成后,温度会降低基于temperature-updating规则。在更新和降低温度,所有必需的迭代之前必须完成移动到下一个温度。这个过程会重复,直到满足停止条件。停止准则可能是“达到预先设定的最低温度。“模拟退火(SA)的结果是相关的迭代的数量在每个温度和减少温度的速度。温度显示更新规则提出了:<年代p一个ncl一个年代年代=”equation" id="EEq13"> <svg height="18.4625" id="M81" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 18.4625" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,18.4625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-57.23)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,151.88,61.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> T</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.1392131" y="0"> e</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.690545" y="0"> 米</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.380369" y="0"> p</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.63187" y="0"> e</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.183201" y="0"> r</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.321693" y="0"> 一个</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="43.873028" y="0"> t</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="47.348862" y="0"> u</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="53.600361" y="0"> r</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="57.738853" y="0"> e</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="66.741013" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="78.781403" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="85.658051" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,243.11,66.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9144161" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.9095364" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="12.480352" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="15.219728" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,261.74,61.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="206.13" y="-0.46000001"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="210.2935" y="-0.46000001"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="216.545" y="-0.46000001"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="222.79649" y="-0.46000001"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span>在哪里<年代vghe我ght=”10.325”我d="M82" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:11.225px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.225 10.325" width="11.225" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>是初始温度,<年代vghe我ght=”7。0124998" id="M83" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:6.5px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 6.5 7.0124998" width="6.5" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.0125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-66.39)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>冷却率<年代vghe我ght=”9。125”我d="M84" style="vertical-align:-0.11285pt;width:5.0124998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 5.0124998 9.125" width="5.0124998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,9.125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-64.7)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.86)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>的次数的温度已经降低。冷却率控制冷却的速度。冷却率越高,温度冷却越快。</pgydF4y2Ba> <p>在这工作,我选择了两个版本的SA算法:SA没有精英主义精英主义(SA_Elitism)和SA (SA_NoElitism)调查化学反应器的优化。</pgydF4y2Ba> <h5 id="sec4.5">4.5。使用精英主义</h5gydF4y2Ba> <p>它使用同步结束时温度阶段;否则,每次迭代后进行异步通信。<年代p一个ncl一个年代年代=”l是t”><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label">(我)</年代p一个n><span class="list-content"><i>缺点</我>:这种方法的在于过多的交流,从而导致计算时间增加。</年代p一个n></span><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label">(2)</年代p一个n><span class="list-content"><i>优势</我>:精英主义删除问题在低温阶段接受糟糕的解决方案。</年代p一个n></span></span></p> <h4 id="static-optimization-of-reactor">5。静态优化反应器</h4gydF4y2Ba> <p>上述反应堆,在最初的设置,给不满意的结果。提高反应堆的行为,执行静态优化使用算法SOMA,德,GA, SA。在这工作的优化是由以下优化batching-value反应堆的几何参数。</pgydF4y2Ba> <h5 id="sec5.1">5.1。成本函数(CF)</h5gydF4y2Ba> <p>这种优化关键是减少地区产生所需的差异和实际温度的反应混合物在选定的时间间隔,这是一批的时间周期。所需的温度为97°C (370.15 K)。最小化的成本函数是:<年代p一个ncl一个年代年代=”equation" id="EEq14"> <svg height="49.762501" id="M85" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 49.762501" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,49.7625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-32.19)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,151.24,48.57)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,158.18,45.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> c</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.8858881" y="0"> o</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.2618876" y="0"> 年代</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="13.119248" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,178.01,48.57)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,196.76,64.51)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,190.05,42.02)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,191.57,34.84)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7393761" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.7344961" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,208.29,50.16)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> |</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="3.1600001"> |</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.27" y="1.63"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="41.439999" y="1.59"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.349998" y="1.63"> ]</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="49.509998" y="-7.1054274e-015"> |</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="49.509998" y="3.1600001"> |</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="54.099998" y="1.59"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="2.5" y="1.59"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.965491" y="1.59"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.305712" y="1.59"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="259.57999" y="1.1900001"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="263.7435" y="1.1900001"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="269.995" y="1.1900001"> 4</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="276.24649" y="1.1900001"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span>地点:<年代vghe我ght=”7。4499998" id="M86" style="vertical-align:-0.11285pt;width:12.2375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 12.2375 7.4499998" width="12.2375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.45)"> <g transform="translate(72,-66.04)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>:控制点,<年代vghe我ght=”10.325”我d="M87" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:11.225px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.225 10.325" width="11.225" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>:温度。</pgydF4y2Ba> <p>CF已经从之间的距离计算一般期望状态和实际系统输出。</pgydF4y2Ba> <h5 id="sec5.2">5.2。参数设置</h5gydF4y2Ba> <p>给出了经验和发现了参数设置表<一个href=”http年代://www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2011/496732/tab1/" target="_blank">1</一个>(SOMA)和表<一个href=”http年代://www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2011/496732/tab2/" target="_blank">2</一个>(德)。在表中<一个href=”http年代://www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2011/496732/tab3/" target="_blank">3</一个>和<一个href=”http年代://www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2011/496732/tab4/" target="_blank">4</一个>参数的设置对GA和SA。这个设置的主要标准是保持尽可能相同的参数设置,当然相同数量的成本函数评估以及人口规模(参数PopSize SOMA、GA和NP DE)。数量的优化反应器参数及其范围内代表表<一个href=”http年代://www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2011/496732/tab5/" target="_blank">5</一个>。</pgydF4y2Ba> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="tab1"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-tab1"> <table class="table-group" id="tab1"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <table class="table"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="2"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr class="thead"> <td align="left"></td> <td align="center"> <svg height="10.55" id="M88" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.325 10.55" width="11.325" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.55)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.56)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.61)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="2"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">路径长</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">3</tdgydF4y2Ba> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">一步</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">0.41</tdgydF4y2Ba> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">PRT</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">0.1</tdgydF4y2Ba> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">PopSize</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">20.</tdgydF4y2Ba> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">迁移</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">50</tdgydF4y2Ba> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">MinDiv</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">−1</tdgydF4y2Ba> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">个体的长度</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">6</tdgydF4y2Ba> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">CF评估</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">6951年</tdgydF4y2Ba> </tr> <tr class="table-tr"> <td colspan="2"> <hr class="tbody-hr"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">表1</年代p一个n> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2011/496732/tab1/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> SOMA参数设置。</d我v> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="tab2"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-tab2"> <table class="table-group" id="tab2"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <table class="table"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="2"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr class="thead"> <td align="left"></td> <td align="center"> <svg height="10.55" id="M89" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.325 10.55" width="11.325" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.55)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.56)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.61)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="2"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">NP</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">20.</tdgydF4y2Ba> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">F</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">0.9</tdgydF4y2Ba> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">CR</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">0.2</tdgydF4y2Ba> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">一代又一代</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">200年</tdgydF4y2Ba> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">个体的长度</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">6</tdgydF4y2Ba> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">CF评估</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">4000年</tdgydF4y2Ba> </tr> <tr class="table-tr"> <td colspan="2"> <hr class="tbody-hr"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">表2</年代p一个n> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2011/496732/tab2/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> 参数设置。</d我v> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="tab3"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-tab3"> <table class="table-group" id="tab3"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <table class="table"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="2"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr class="thead"> <td align="left"></td> <td align="center"> <svg height="10.55" id="M90" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.325 10.55" width="11.325" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.55)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.56)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.61)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="2"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">PopSize</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">20.</tdgydF4y2Ba> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">MutationCostant</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">0.2</tdgydF4y2Ba> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">一代又一代</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">200年</tdgydF4y2Ba> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">个体的长度</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">6</tdgydF4y2Ba> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">CF评估</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">4000年</tdgydF4y2Ba> </tr> <tr class="table-tr"> <td colspan="2"> <hr class="tbody-hr"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">表3</年代p一个n> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2011/496732/tab3/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> 遗传算法参数设置。</d我v> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="tab4"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-tab4"> <table class="table-group" id="tab4"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <table class="table"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="2"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr class="thead"> <td align="left"></td> <td align="center"> <svg height="10.55" id="M91" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.325 10.55" width="11.325" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.55)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.56)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.61)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="2"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">PocetCastic</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">2</tdgydF4y2Ba> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">直径</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">0.5</tdgydF4y2Ba> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">kmax</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">66年</tdgydF4y2Ba> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">Tmin</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">0.0001</tdgydF4y2Ba> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">达峰时间</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">1000年</tdgydF4y2Ba> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">阿尔法(冷却因素)</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">0.8</tdgydF4y2Ba> </tr> <tr class="table-tr"> <td colspan="2"> <hr class="tbody-hr"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">表4</年代p一个n> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2011/496732/tab4/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> SA参数设置。</d我v> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="tab5"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-tab5"> <table class="table-group" id="tab5"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <table class="table"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="2"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr class="thead"> <td align="left">参数</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">范围</tdgydF4y2Ba> </tr> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="2"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="13.75" id="M92" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 25.825001 13.75" width="25.825001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.75)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.64,64.17)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ̇</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-7.3017521" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.07,61.05)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> F</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8661122" y="0"> K</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>[公斤·年代<年代up>−1</年代up>]</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">0 - 500</tdgydF4y2Ba> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="7.0124998" id="M93" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 6.5 7.0124998" width="6.5" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.0125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-66.39)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>[m]</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">0.3 - -3.0</tdgydF4y2Ba> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="10.95" id="M94" style="vertical-align:-0.1254pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.1374998 10.95" width="9.1374998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.95)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.41)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ℎ</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>[m]</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">0.5 - -3.5</tdgydF4y2Ba> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="14.3625" id="M95" style="vertical-align:-3.23158pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 23.3375 14.3625" width="23.3375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.51)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> V</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.318944" y="0"> P</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>[K]</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">273.15 - -323.15</tdgydF4y2Ba> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="13.925" id="M96" style="vertical-align:-3.27548pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 20.6 13.925" width="20.6" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.925)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.86)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.64,64.17)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ̇</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-7.3017521" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.07,61.05)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>[公斤·年代<年代up>−1</年代up>]</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">清廉</tdgydF4y2Ba> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="10.75" id="M97" style="vertical-align:-0.15048pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.375 10.75" width="9.375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.75)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.4)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>[m]</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">0.03 - -0.1</tdgydF4y2Ba> </tr> <tr class="table-tr"> <td colspan="2"> <hr class="tbody-hr"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">表5</年代p一个n> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2011/496732/tab5/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> 优化反应器参数及其范围内的优化已经完成。</d我v> </div> </div> <h4 id="experimental-results">6。实验结果</h4gydF4y2Ba> <p>由于东亚峰会是随机的部分性质,必须做大量的模拟为了获取数据统计数据处理。四个算法(SOMA,德、GA和SA)应用了100次为了找到最优的工艺参数和反应器几何。所有重要的数据可视化直接和/或加工图展示四个算法的性能。估计参数及其多样性(最小、最大和平均)中描述的人物<一个href=”http年代://www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2011/496732/fig3/" target="_blank">3</一个>和<一个href=”http年代://www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2011/496732/fig4/" target="_blank">4</一个>。从这些照片可见,结果从四个算法相媲美。演示图形是最好的解决方案所示subfigures (b), (d), (f)和(h)的数据<一个href=”http年代://www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2011/496732/fig5/" target="_blank">5</一个>- - - - - -<一个href=”http年代://www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2011/496732/fig11/" target="_blank">11</一个>。有显示时间依赖四个工艺参数的算法。最好的参数设置的值是记录在表<一个href=”http年代://www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2011/496732/tab6/" target="_blank">6</一个>和<一个href=”http年代://www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2011/496732/tab7/" target="_blank">7</一个>。所有一百个模拟多样性(最小值,最大值和平均值)被描述表<一个href=”http年代://www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2011/496732/tab8/" target="_blank">8</一个>来<一个href=”http年代://www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2011/496732/tab14/" target="_blank">14</一个>为每一个版本的四个算法。在数据<一个href=”http年代://www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2011/496732/fig5/" target="_blank">5</一个>- - - - - -<一个href=”http年代://www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2011/496732/fig11/" target="_blank">11</一个>例如,显示记录的100年模拟和最好的解决方案100模拟(数字<一个href=”http年代://www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2011/496732/fig5/" target="_blank">5</一个>和<一个href=”http年代://www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2011/496732/fig6/" target="_blank">6</一个>SOMA,数据<一个href=”http年代://www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2011/496732/fig6/" target="_blank">6</一个>和<一个href=”http年代://www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2011/496732/fig7/" target="_blank">7</一个>德,图<一个href=”http年代://www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2011/496732/fig8/" target="_blank">8</一个>遗传算法和数字<一个href=”http年代://www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2011/496732/fig9/" target="_blank">9</一个>和<一个href=”http年代://www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2011/496732/fig10/" target="_blank">10</一个>SA)。</pgydF4y2Ba> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="tab6"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-tab6"> <table class="table-group" id="tab6"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <table class="table"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="5"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr class="thead"> <td align="left">参数</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">SOMAATO</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">SOMAATA</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">DERan1Bin</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">DERan2Bin</tdgydF4y2Ba> </tr> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="5"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="13.75" id="M98" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 25.825001 13.75" width="25.825001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.75)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.64,64.17)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ̇</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-7.3017521" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.07,61.05)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> F</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8661122" y="0"> K</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>[公斤·年代<年代up>−1</年代up>]</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">0.0226579</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">0.042049</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">0.225063</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">0.135087</tdgydF4y2Ba> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="7.0124998" id="M99" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 6.5 7.0124998" width="6.5" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.0125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-66.39)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>[m]</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">0.302427</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">0.543594</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">0.195776</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">2.50725</tdgydF4y2Ba> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="10.95" id="M100" style="vertical-align:-0.1254pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.1374998 10.95" width="9.1374998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.95)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.41)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ℎ</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>[m]</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">3.12646</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">1.86628</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">0.83969</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">0.715263</tdgydF4y2Ba> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="14.3625" id="M101" style="vertical-align:-3.23158pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 23.3375 14.3625" width="23.3375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.51)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> V</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.318944" y="0"> P</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>[K]</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">319.286</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">294.718</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">296.179</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">318.115</tdgydF4y2Ba> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="13.925" id="M102" style="vertical-align:-3.27548pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 20.6 13.925" width="20.6" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.925)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.86)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.64,64.17)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ̇</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-7.3017521" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.07,61.05)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>[公斤·年代<年代up>−1</年代up>]</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">5.58697</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">9.94168</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">9.35465</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">9.431</tdgydF4y2Ba> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="10.75" id="M103" style="vertical-align:-0.15048pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.375 10.75" width="9.375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.75)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.4)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>[m]</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">0.0474563</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">0.0563635</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">0.030377</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">0.0583956</tdgydF4y2Ba> </tr> <tr class="table-tr"> <td colspan="5"> <hr class="tbody-hr"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">表6</年代p一个n> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2011/496732/tab6/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> 优化参数的最佳值,SOMA,德。</d我v> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="tab7"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-tab7"> <table class="table-group" id="tab7"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <table class="table"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="4"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr class="thead"> <td align="left">参数</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">遗传算法</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">SA_Elitism</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">SA_NoElitism</tdgydF4y2Ba> </tr> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="4"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="13.75" id="M104" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 25.825001 13.75" width="25.825001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.75)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.64,64.17)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ̇</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-7.3017521" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.07,61.05)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> F</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8661122" y="0"> K</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>[公斤·年代<年代up>−1</年代up>]</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">0.00417218</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">0.187008</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">0.519387</tdgydF4y2Ba> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="7.0124998" id="M105" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 6.5 7.0124998" width="6.5" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.0125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-66.39)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>[m]</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">2.58293</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">2.51294</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">2.84268</tdgydF4y2Ba> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="10.95" id="M106" style="vertical-align:-0.1254pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.1374998 10.95" width="9.1374998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.95)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.41)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ℎ</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>[m]</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">3.40438</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">0.858557</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">2.76458</tdgydF4y2Ba> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="14.3625" id="M107" style="vertical-align:-3.23158pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 23.3375 14.3625" width="23.3375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.51)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> V</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.318944" y="0"> P</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>[K]</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">310.944</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">314.657</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">319.494</tdgydF4y2Ba> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="13.925" id="M108" style="vertical-align:-3.27548pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 20.6 13.925" width="20.6" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.925)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.86)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.64,64.17)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ̇</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-7.3017521" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.07,61.05)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>[公斤·年代<年代up>−1</年代up>]</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">5.09912</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">9.02945</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">6.56782</tdgydF4y2Ba> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="10.75" id="M109" style="vertical-align:-0.15048pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.375 10.75" width="9.375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.75)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.4)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>[m]</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">0.0315134</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">0.0597223</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">0.0918064</tdgydF4y2Ba> </tr> <tr class="table-tr"> <td colspan="4"> <hr class="tbody-hr"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">表7</年代p一个n> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2011/496732/tab7/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> 通过遗传算法优化参数的最佳值,SA。</d我v> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="tab8"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-tab8"> <table class="table-group" id="tab8"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <table class="table"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="4"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr class="thead"> <td align="left">参数</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">分钟。</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">Avg。</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">Max。</tdgydF4y2Ba> </tr> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="4"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="13.75" id="M110" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 25.825001 13.75" width="25.825001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.75)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.64,64.17)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ̇</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-7.3017521" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.07,61.05)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> F</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8661122" y="0"> K</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>[公斤·年代<年代up>−1</年代up>]</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">0.00732026</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">0.157858</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">0.467508</tdgydF4y2Ba> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="7.0124998" id="M111" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 6.5 7.0124998" width="6.5" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.0125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-66.39)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>[m]</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">0.360715</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">1.80667</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">2.97025</tdgydF4y2Ba> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="10.95" id="M112" style="vertical-align:-0.1254pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.1374998 10.95" width="9.1374998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.95)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.41)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ℎ</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>[m]</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">0.506418</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">1.79237</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">3.47477</tdgydF4y2Ba> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="14.3625" id="M113" style="vertical-align:-3.23158pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 23.3375 14.3625" width="23.3375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.51)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> V</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.318944" y="0"> P</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>[K]</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">293.29</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">306.98</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">322.669</tdgydF4y2Ba> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="13.925" id="M114" style="vertical-align:-3.27548pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 20.6 13.925" width="20.6" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.925)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.86)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.64,64.17)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ̇</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-7.3017521" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.07,61.05)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>[公斤·年代<年代up>−1</年代up>]</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">5.32214</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">9.31932</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">9.99522</tdgydF4y2Ba> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="10.75" id="M115" style="vertical-align:-0.15048pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.375 10.75" width="9.375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.75)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.4)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>[m]</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">0.0300719</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">0.0391487</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">0.078392</tdgydF4y2Ba> </tr> <tr class="table-tr"> <td colspan="4"> <hr class="tbody-hr"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">表8</年代p一个n> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2011/496732/tab8/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> DERand1Bin估计参数。</d我v> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig3"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig3"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(一)参数变化(DERan1Bin)”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。003a" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.003a.jpg"> <br> <strong>(一)参数变化(DERan1Bin)</年代trong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(b)参数变化(DERan1Bin)细节”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。003b" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.003b.jpg"> <br> <strong>(b)参数变化(DERan1Bin)细节</年代trong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(c)参数变化(DERan2Bin)”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。003c" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.003c.jpg"> <br> <strong>(c)参数变化(DERan2Bin)</年代trong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(d)参数变化(DERan2Bin)细节”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。003d" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.003d.jpg"> <br> <strong>(d)参数变化(DERan2Bin)细节</年代trong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(e)参数变化(SOMAATO)”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。003e" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.003e.jpg"> <br> <strong>(e)参数变化(SOMAATO)</年代trong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(f)参数变化(SOMAATO)细节”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。003f" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.003f.jpg"> <br> <strong>(f)参数变化(SOMAATO)细节</年代trong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(g)参数变化(SOMAATR)”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。003g" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.003g.jpg"> <br> <strong>(g)参数变化(SOMAATR)</年代trong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(h)参数变化(SOMAATR)细节”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。003h" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.003h.jpg"> <br> <strong>(h)参数变化(SOMAATR)细节</年代trong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs fig-thumbs-fig3"> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(a) Parameter variation (DERan1Bin)"><img alt="(一)参数变化(DERan1Bin)”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。003a" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.003a.jpg"><br><strong>(一)参数变化(DERan1Bin)</年代trong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(b) Parameter variation (DERan1Bin)—detail"><img alt="(b)参数变化(DERan1Bin)细节”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。003b" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.003b.jpg"><br><strong>(b)参数变化(DERan1Bin)细节</年代trong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(c) Parameter variation (DERan2Bin)"><img alt="(c)参数变化(DERan2Bin)”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。003c" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.003c.jpg"><br><strong>(c)参数变化(DERan2Bin)</年代trong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(d) Parameter variation (DERan2Bin)—detail"><img alt="(d)参数变化(DERan2Bin)细节”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。003d" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.003d.jpg"><br><strong>(d)参数变化(DERan2Bin)细节</年代trong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(e) Parameter variation (SOMAATO)"><img alt="(e)参数变化(SOMAATO)”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。003e" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.003e.jpg"><br><strong>(e)参数变化(SOMAATO)</年代trong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(f) Parameter variation (SOMAATO)—detail"><img alt="(f)参数变化(SOMAATO)细节”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。003f" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.003f.jpg"><br><strong>(f)参数变化(SOMAATO)细节</年代trong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(g) Parameter variation (SOMAATR)"><img alt="(g)参数变化(SOMAATR)”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。003g" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.003g.jpg"><br><strong>(g)参数变化(SOMAATR)</年代trong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(h) Parameter variation (SOMAATR)—detail"><img alt="(h)参数变化(SOMAATR)细节”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。003h" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.003h.jpg"><br><strong>(h)参数变化(SOMAATR)细节</年代trong></button> </div> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev fig-nav-fig3"> <button class="carousel-prev" aria-label="Previous"></button> <button class="carousel-next" aria-label="Next"></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图3</年代p一个n> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2011/496732/fig3/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> 参数变化的SOMA和德。</t一个ble> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig4"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig4"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(一)参数变化(GA)”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。004a" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.004a.jpg"> <br> <strong>(一)参数变化(GA)</年代trong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(b)参数变化(GA)的细节”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。004b" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.004b.jpg"> <br> <strong>(b)参数变化(GA)的细节</年代trong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(c)参数变化(SA_Elitism)”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。004c" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.004c.jpg"> <br> <strong>(c)参数变化(SA_Elitism)</年代trong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(d)参数变化(SA_Elitism)细节”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。004d" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.004d.jpg"> <br> <strong>(d)参数变化(SA_Elitism)细节</年代trong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(e)参数变化(SA_NoElitism)”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。004e" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.004e.jpg"> <br> <strong>(e)参数变化(SA_NoElitism)</年代trong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(f)参数变化(SA_NoElitism)细节”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。004f" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.004f.jpg"> <br> <strong>(f)参数变化(SA_NoElitism)细节</年代trong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs fig-thumbs-fig4"> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(a) Parameter variation (GA)"><img alt="(一)参数变化(GA)”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。004a" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.004a.jpg"><br><strong>(一)参数变化(GA)</年代trong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(b) Parameter variation (GA)—detail"><img alt="(b)参数变化(GA)的细节”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。004b" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.004b.jpg"><br><strong>(b)参数变化(GA)的细节</年代trong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(c) Parameter variation (SA_Elitism)"><img alt="(c)参数变化(SA_Elitism)”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。004c" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.004c.jpg"><br><strong>(c)参数变化(SA_Elitism)</年代trong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(d) Parameter variation (SA_Elitism)—detail"><img alt="(d)参数变化(SA_Elitism)细节”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。004d" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.004d.jpg"><br><strong>(d)参数变化(SA_Elitism)细节</年代trong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(e) Parameter variation (SA_NoElitism)"><img alt="(e)参数变化(SA_NoElitism)”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。004e" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.004e.jpg"><br><strong>(e)参数变化(SA_NoElitism)</年代trong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(f) Parameter variation (SA_NoElitism)—detail"><img alt="(f)参数变化(SA_NoElitism)细节”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。004f" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.004f.jpg"><br><strong>(f)参数变化(SA_NoElitism)细节</年代trong></button> </div> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev fig-nav-fig4"> <button class="carousel-prev" aria-label="Previous"></button> <button class="carousel-next" aria-label="Next"></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图4</年代p一个n> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2011/496732/fig4/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> 参数变化的GA和SA。</t一个ble> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig5"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig5"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(一)100模拟(SOMAATO)”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。005a" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.005a.jpg"> <br> <strong>(一个)100年模拟(年代OMAATO)</年代trong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(b) (SOMAATO)的最佳解决方案”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。005b" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.005b.jpg"> <br> <strong>(b)Thebe年代t年代olut我on for (SOMAATO)</年代trong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="F (c) 100模拟K (SOMAATO)”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。005c" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.005c.jpg"> <br> <strong>(c)100年模拟FK(年代OMAATO)</年代trong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(d) F K (SOMAATO)的最佳解决方案”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。005d" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.005d.jpg"> <br> <strong>(d)Thebe年代t年代olut我on for F K (SOMAATO)</年代trong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="100 (e)模拟(SOMAATO)”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。005e" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.005e.jpg"> <br> <strong>(e)100年模拟(年代OMAATO)</年代trong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(f) (SOMAATO)的最佳解决方案”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。005f" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.005f.jpg"> <br> <strong>(f)Thebe年代t年代olut我on for (SOMAATO)</年代trong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="100 (g)模拟(SOMAATO)”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。005g" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.005g.jpg"> <br> <strong>(g)100年模拟(年代OMAATO)</年代trong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(h) (SOMAATO)的最佳解决方案”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。005h" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.005h.jpg"> <br> <strong>(h)Thebe年代t年代olut我on for (SOMAATO)</年代trong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs fig-thumbs-fig5"> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(a) 100 simulations for 𝑚 (SOMAATO)"><img alt="(一)100模拟(SOMAATO)”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。005a" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.005a.jpg"><br><strong>(一个)100年模拟(年代OMAATO)</年代trong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(b) The best solution for 𝑚 (SOMAATO)"><img alt="(b) (SOMAATO)的最佳解决方案”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。005b" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.005b.jpg"><br><strong>(b)Thebe年代t年代olut我on for (SOMAATO)</年代trong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(c) 100 simulations for 𝑎 F K (SOMAATO)"><img alt="F (c) 100模拟K (SOMAATO)”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。005c" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.005c.jpg"><br><strong>(c)100年模拟FK(年代OMAATO)</年代trong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(d) The best solution for 𝑎 F K (SOMAATO)"><img alt="(d) F K (SOMAATO)的最佳解决方案”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。005d" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.005d.jpg"><br><strong>(d)Thebe年代t年代olut我on for F K (SOMAATO)</年代trong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(e) 100 simulations for 𝑇 (SOMAATO)"><img alt="100 (e)模拟(SOMAATO)”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。005e" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.005e.jpg"><br><strong>(e)100年模拟(年代OMAATO)</年代trong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(f) The best solution for 𝑇 (SOMAATO)"><img alt="(f) (SOMAATO)的最佳解决方案”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。005f" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.005f.jpg"><br><strong>(f)Thebe年代t年代olut我on for (SOMAATO)</年代trong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(g) 100 simulations for 𝑇 𝑣 (SOMAATO)"><img alt="100 (g)模拟(SOMAATO)”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。005g" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.005g.jpg"><br><strong>(g)100年模拟(年代OMAATO)</年代trong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(h) The best solution for 𝑇 𝑣 (SOMAATO)"><img alt="(h) (SOMAATO)的最佳解决方案”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。005h" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.005h.jpg"><br><strong>(h)Thebe年代t年代olut我on for (SOMAATO)</年代trong></button> </div> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev fig-nav-fig5"> <button class="carousel-prev" aria-label="Previous"></button> <button class="carousel-next" aria-label="Next"></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图5</年代p一个n> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2011/496732/fig5/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> 过程参数100模拟SOMA-version SOMAATO。</t一个ble> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig6"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig6"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(一)100模拟(SOMAATR)”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。006a" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.006a.jpg"> <br> <strong>(一个)100年模拟(年代OMAATR)</年代trong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(b) (SOMAATR)的最佳解决方案”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。006b" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.006b.jpg"> <br> <strong>(b)Thebe年代t年代olut我on for (SOMAATR)</年代trong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="F (c) 100模拟K (SOMAATR)”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。006c" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.006c.jpg"> <br> <strong>(c)100年模拟FK(年代OMAATR)</年代trong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(d) F K (SOMAATR)的最佳解决方案”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。006d" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.006d.jpg"> <br> <strong>(d)Thebe年代t年代olut我on for F K (SOMAATR)</年代trong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="100 (e)模拟(SOMAATR)”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。006e" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.006e.jpg"> <br> <strong>(e)100年模拟(年代OMAATR)</年代trong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(f) (SOMAATR)的最佳解决方案”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。006f" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.006f.jpg"> <br> <strong>(f)Thebe年代t年代olut我on for (SOMAATR)</年代trong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="100 (g)模拟(SOMAATR)”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。006g" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.006g.jpg"> <br> <strong>(g)100年模拟(年代OMAATR)</年代trong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(h) (SOMAATR)的最佳解决方案”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。006h" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.006h.jpg"> <br> <strong>(h)Thebe年代t年代olut我on for (SOMAATR)</年代trong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs fig-thumbs-fig6"> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(a) 100 simulations for 𝑚 (SOMAATR)"><img alt="(一)100模拟(SOMAATR)”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。006a" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.006a.jpg"><br><strong>(一个)100年模拟(年代OMAATR)</年代trong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(b) The best solution for 𝑚 (SOMAATR)"><img alt="(b) (SOMAATR)的最佳解决方案”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。006b" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.006b.jpg"><br><strong>(b)Thebe年代t年代olut我on for (SOMAATR)</年代trong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(c) 100 simulations for 𝑎 F K (SOMAATR)"><img alt="F (c) 100模拟K (SOMAATR)”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。006c" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.006c.jpg"><br><strong>(c)100年模拟FK(年代OMAATR)</年代trong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(d) The best solution for 𝑎 F K (SOMAATR)"><img alt="(d) F K (SOMAATR)的最佳解决方案”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。006d" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.006d.jpg"><br><strong>(d)Thebe年代t年代olut我on for F K (SOMAATR)</年代trong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(e) 100 simulations for 𝑇 (SOMAATR)"><img alt="100 (e)模拟(SOMAATR)”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。006e" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.006e.jpg"><br><strong>(e)100年模拟(年代OMAATR)</年代trong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(f) The best solution for 𝑇 (SOMAATR)"><img alt="(f) (SOMAATR)的最佳解决方案”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。006f" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.006f.jpg"><br><strong>(f)Thebe年代t年代olut我on for (SOMAATR)</年代trong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(g) 100 simulations for 𝑇 𝑣 (SOMAATR)"><img alt="100 (g)模拟(SOMAATR)”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。006g" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.006g.jpg"><br><strong>(g)100年模拟(年代OMAATR)</年代trong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(h) The best solution for 𝑇 𝑣 (SOMAATR)"><img alt="(h) (SOMAATR)的最佳解决方案”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。006h" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.006h.jpg"><br><strong>(h)Thebe年代t年代olut我on for (SOMAATR)</年代trong></button> </div> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev fig-nav-fig6"> <button class="carousel-prev" aria-label="Previous"></button> <button class="carousel-next" aria-label="Next"></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图6</年代p一个n> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2011/496732/fig6/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> 过程参数100模拟SOMA-version SOMAATR。</t一个ble> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig7"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig7"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(一)100模拟(DERan1Bin)”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。007a" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.007a.jpg"> <br> <strong>(一个)100年模拟(DER一个n1Bin)</年代trong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(b) (DERan1Bin)的最佳解决方案”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。007b" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.007b.jpg"> <br> <strong>(b)Thebe年代t年代olut我on for (DERan1Bin)</年代trong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(c) 100模拟(DERan1Bin)”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。007c" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.007c.jpg"> <br> <strong>(c)100年模拟(DER一个n1Bin)</年代trong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(d) (DERan1Bin)的最佳解决方案”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。007d" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.007d.jpg"> <br> <strong>(d)Thebe年代t年代olut我on for (DERan1Bin)</年代trong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="100 (e)模拟(DERan1Bin)”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。007e" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.007e.jpg"> <br> <strong>(e)100年模拟(DER一个n1Bin)</年代trong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(f) (DERan1Bin)的最佳解决方案”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。007f" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.007f.jpg"> <br> <strong>(f)Thebe年代t年代olut我on for (DERan1Bin)</年代trong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="100 (g)模拟(DERan1Bin)”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。007g" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.007g.jpg"> <br> <strong>(g)100年模拟(DER一个n1Bin)</年代trong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(h) (DERan1Bin)的最佳解决方案”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。007h" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.007h.jpg"> <br> <strong>(h)Thebe年代t年代olut我on for (DERan1Bin)</年代trong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs fig-thumbs-fig7"> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(a) 100 simulations for 𝑚 (DERan1Bin)"><img alt="(一)100模拟(DERan1Bin)”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。007a" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.007a.jpg"><br><strong>(一个)100年模拟(DER一个n1Bin)</年代trong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(b) The best solution for 𝑚 (DERan1Bin)"><img alt="(b) (DERan1Bin)的最佳解决方案”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。007b" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.007b.jpg"><br><strong>(b)Thebe年代t年代olut我on for (DERan1Bin)</年代trong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(c) 100 simulations for 𝑎 𝐹 𝐾 (DERan1Bin)"><img alt="(c) 100模拟(DERan1Bin)”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。007c" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.007c.jpg"><br><strong>(c)100年模拟(DER一个n1Bin)</年代trong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(d) The best solution for 𝑎 𝐹 𝐾 (DERan1Bin)"><img alt="(d) (DERan1Bin)的最佳解决方案”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。007d" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.007d.jpg"><br><strong>(d)Thebe年代t年代olut我on for (DERan1Bin)</年代trong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(e) 100 simulations for 𝑇 (DERan1Bin)"><img alt="100 (e)模拟(DERan1Bin)”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。007e" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.007e.jpg"><br><strong>(e)100年模拟(DER一个n1Bin)</年代trong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(f) The best solution for 𝑇 (DERan1Bin)"><img alt="(f) (DERan1Bin)的最佳解决方案”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。007f" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.007f.jpg"><br><strong>(f)Thebe年代t年代olut我on for (DERan1Bin)</年代trong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(g) 100 simulations for 𝑇 𝑣 (DERan1Bin)"><img alt="100 (g)模拟(DERan1Bin)”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。007g" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.007g.jpg"><br><strong>(g)100年模拟(DER一个n1Bin)</年代trong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(h) The best solution for 𝑇 𝑣 (DERan1Bin)"><img alt="(h) (DERan1Bin)的最佳解决方案”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。007h" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.007h.jpg"><br><strong>(h)Thebe年代t年代olut我on for (DERan1Bin)</年代trong></button> </div> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev fig-nav-fig7"> <button class="carousel-prev" aria-label="Previous"></button> <button class="carousel-next" aria-label="Next"></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图7</年代p一个n> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2011/496732/fig7/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> 过程参数100模拟DE-version DERan1Bin。</t一个ble> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig8"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig8"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(一)100模拟(DERan2Bin)”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。008a" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.008a.jpg"> <br> <strong>(一个)100年模拟(DER一个n2Bin)</年代trong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(b) (DERan2Bin)的最佳解决方案”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。008b" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.008b.jpg"> <br> <strong>(b)Thebe年代t年代olut我on for (DERan2Bin)</年代trong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="F (c) 100模拟K (DERan2Bin)”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。008c" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.008c.jpg"> <br> <strong>(c)100年模拟FK(DER一个n2Bin)</年代trong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(d) F K (DERan2Bin)的最佳解决方案”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。008d" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.008d.jpg"> <br> <strong>(d)Thebe年代t年代olut我on for F K (DERan2Bin)</年代trong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="100 (e)模拟(DERan2Bin)”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。008e" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.008e.jpg"> <br> <strong>(e)100年模拟(DER一个n2Bin)</年代trong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(f) (DERan2Bin)的最佳解决方案”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。008f" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.008f.jpg"> <br> <strong>(f)Thebe年代t年代olut我on for (DERan2Bin)</年代trong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="100 (g)模拟(DERan2Bin)”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。008g" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.008g.jpg"> <br> <strong>(g)100年模拟(DER一个n2Bin)</年代trong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(h) (DERan2Bin)的最佳解决方案”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。008h" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.008h.jpg"> <br> <strong>(h)Thebe年代t年代olut我on for (DERan2Bin)</年代trong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs fig-thumbs-fig8"> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(a) 100 simulations for 𝑚 (DERan2Bin)"><img alt="(一)100模拟(DERan2Bin)”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。008a" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.008a.jpg"><br><strong>(一个)100年模拟(DER一个n2Bin)</年代trong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(b) The best solution for 𝑚 (DERan2Bin)"><img alt="(b) (DERan2Bin)的最佳解决方案”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。008b" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.008b.jpg"><br><strong>(b)Thebe年代t年代olut我on for (DERan2Bin)</年代trong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(c) 100 simulations for 𝑎 F K (DERan2Bin)"><img alt="F (c) 100模拟K (DERan2Bin)”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。008c" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.008c.jpg"><br><strong>(c)100年模拟FK(DER一个n2Bin)</年代trong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(d) The best solution for 𝑎 F K (DERan2Bin)"><img alt="(d) F K (DERan2Bin)的最佳解决方案”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。008d" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.008d.jpg"><br><strong>(d)Thebe年代t年代olut我on for F K (DERan2Bin)</年代trong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(e) 100 simulations for 𝑇 (DERan2Bin)"><img alt="100 (e)模拟(DERan2Bin)”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。008e" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.008e.jpg"><br><strong>(e)100年模拟(DER一个n2Bin)</年代trong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(f) The best solution for 𝑇 (DERan2Bin)"><img alt="(f) (DERan2Bin)的最佳解决方案”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。008f" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.008f.jpg"><br><strong>(f)Thebe年代t年代olut我on for (DERan2Bin)</年代trong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(g) 100 simulations for 𝑇 𝑣 (DERan2Bin)"><img alt="100 (g)模拟(DERan2Bin)”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。008g" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.008g.jpg"><br><strong>(g)100年模拟(DER一个n2Bin)</年代trong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(h) The best solution for 𝑇 𝑣 (DERan2Bin)"><img alt="(h) (DERan2Bin)的最佳解决方案”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。008h" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.008h.jpg"><br><strong>(h)Thebe年代t年代olut我on for (DERan2Bin)</年代trong></button> </div> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev fig-nav-fig8"> <button class="carousel-prev" aria-label="Previous"></button> <button class="carousel-next" aria-label="Next"></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图8</年代p一个n> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2011/496732/fig8/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> 过程参数100模拟DE-version DERan2Bin。</t一个ble> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig9"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig9"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(一)100模拟(GA)”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。009a" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.009a.jpg"> <br> <strong>(一个)100年模拟(遗传算法)</年代trong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(b) (GA)的最佳解决方案”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。009b" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.009b.jpg"> <br> <strong>(b)Thebe年代t年代olut我on for (GA)</年代trong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="F (c) 100模拟K (GA)”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。009c" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.009c.jpg"> <br> <strong>(c)100年模拟FK(遗传算法)</年代trong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(d) F K (GA)的最佳解决方案”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。009d" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.009d.jpg"> <br> <strong>(d)Thebe年代t年代olut我on for F K (GA)</年代trong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="100 (e)模拟(GA)”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。009e" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.009e.jpg"> <br> <strong>(e)100年模拟(遗传算法)</年代trong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(f) (GA)的最佳解决方案”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。009f" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.009f.jpg"> <br> <strong>(f)Thebe年代t年代olut我on for (GA)</年代trong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="100 (g)模拟(GA)”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。009g" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.009g.jpg"> <br> <strong>(g)100年模拟(遗传算法)</年代trong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(h) (GA)的最佳解决方案”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。009h" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.009h.jpg"> <br> <strong>(h)Thebe年代t年代olut我on for (GA)</年代trong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs fig-thumbs-fig9"> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(a) 100 simulations for 𝑚 (GA)"><img alt="(一)100模拟(GA)”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。009a" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.009a.jpg"><br><strong>(一个)100年模拟(遗传算法)</年代trong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(b) The best solution for 𝑚 (GA)"><img alt="(b) (GA)的最佳解决方案”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。009b" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.009b.jpg"><br><strong>(b)Thebe年代t年代olut我on for (GA)</年代trong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(c) 100 simulations for 𝑎 F K (GA)"><img alt="F (c) 100模拟K (GA)”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。009c" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.009c.jpg"><br><strong>(c)100年模拟FK(遗传算法)</年代trong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(d) The best solution for 𝑎 F K (GA)"><img alt="(d) F K (GA)的最佳解决方案”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。009d" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.009d.jpg"><br><strong>(d)Thebe年代t年代olut我on for F K (GA)</年代trong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(e) 100 simulations for 𝑇 (GA)"><img alt="100 (e)模拟(GA)”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。009e" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.009e.jpg"><br><strong>(e)100年模拟(遗传算法)</年代trong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(f) The best solution for 𝑇 (GA)"><img alt="(f) (GA)的最佳解决方案”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。009f" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.009f.jpg"><br><strong>(f)Thebe年代t年代olut我on for (GA)</年代trong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(g) 100 simulations for 𝑇 𝑣 (GA)"><img alt="100 (g)模拟(GA)”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。009g" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.009g.jpg"><br><strong>(g)100年模拟(遗传算法)</年代trong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(h) The best solution for 𝑇 𝑣 (GA)"><img alt="(h) (GA)的最佳解决方案”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。009h" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.009h.jpg"><br><strong>(h)Thebe年代t年代olut我on for (GA)</年代trong></button> </div> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev fig-nav-fig9"> <button class="carousel-prev" aria-label="Previous"></button> <button class="carousel-next" aria-label="Next"></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图9</年代p一个n> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2011/496732/fig9/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> 过程参数100模拟的遗传算法。</t一个ble> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig10"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig10"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(一)100模拟(SA_Elitism)”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。0010a" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.0010a.jpg"> <br> <strong>(一个)100年模拟(年代一个_Elitism)</年代trong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(b) (SA_Elitism)的最佳解决方案”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。0010b" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.0010b.jpg"> <br> <strong>(b)Thebe年代t年代olut我on for (SA_Elitism)</年代trong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="F (c) 100模拟K (SA_Elitism)”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。0010c" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.0010c.jpg"> <br> <strong>(c)100年模拟FK(年代一个_Elitism)</年代trong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(d) F K (SA_Elitism)的最佳解决方案”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。0010d" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.0010d.jpg"> <br> <strong>(d)Thebe年代t年代olut我on for F K (SA_Elitism)</年代trong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="100 (e)模拟(SA_Elitism)”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。0010e" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.0010e.jpg"> <br> <strong>(e)100年模拟(年代一个_Elitism)</年代trong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(f) (SA_Elitism)的最佳解决方案”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。0010f" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.0010f.jpg"> <br> <strong>(f)Thebe年代t年代olut我on for (SA_Elitism)</年代trong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="100 (g)模拟(SA_Elitism)”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。0010g" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.0010g.jpg"> <br> <strong>(g)100年模拟(年代一个_Elitism)</年代trong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(h) (SA_Elitism)的最佳解决方案”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。0010h" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.0010h.jpg"> <br> <strong>(h)Thebe年代t年代olut我on for (SA_Elitism)</年代trong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs fig-thumbs-fig10"> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(a) 100 simulations for 𝑚 (SA_Elitism)"><img alt="(一)100模拟(SA_Elitism)”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。0010a" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.0010a.jpg"><br><strong>(一个)100年模拟(年代一个_Elitism)</年代trong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(b) The best solution for 𝑚 (SA_Elitism)"><img alt="(b) (SA_Elitism)的最佳解决方案”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。0010b" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.0010b.jpg"><br><strong>(b)Thebe年代t年代olut我on for (SA_Elitism)</年代trong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(c) 100 simulations for 𝑎 F K (SA_Elitism)"><img alt="F (c) 100模拟K (SA_Elitism)”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。0010c" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.0010c.jpg"><br><strong>(c)100年模拟FK(年代一个_Elitism)</年代trong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(d) The best solution for 𝑎 F K (SA_Elitism)"><img alt="(d) F K (SA_Elitism)的最佳解决方案”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。0010d" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.0010d.jpg"><br><strong>(d)Thebe年代t年代olut我on for F K (SA_Elitism)</年代trong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(e) 100 simulations for 𝑇 (SA_Elitism)"><img alt="100 (e)模拟(SA_Elitism)”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。0010e" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.0010e.jpg"><br><strong>(e)100年模拟(年代一个_Elitism)</年代trong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(f) The best solution for 𝑇 (SA_Elitism)"><img alt="(f) (SA_Elitism)的最佳解决方案”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。0010f" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.0010f.jpg"><br><strong>(f)Thebe年代t年代olut我on for (SA_Elitism)</年代trong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(g) 100 simulations for 𝑇 𝑣 (SA_Elitism)"><img alt="100 (g)模拟(SA_Elitism)”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。0010g" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.0010g.jpg"><br><strong>(g)100年模拟(年代一个_Elitism)</年代trong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(h) The best solution for 𝑇 𝑣 (SA_Elitism)"><img alt="(h) (SA_Elitism)的最佳解决方案”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。0010h" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.0010h.jpg"><br><strong>(h)Thebe年代t年代olut我on for (SA_Elitism)</年代trong></button> </div> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev fig-nav-fig10"> <button class="carousel-prev" aria-label="Previous"></button> <button class="carousel-next" aria-label="Next"></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图10</年代p一个n> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2011/496732/fig10/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> 过程参数100模拟SA-version SA_Elitism。</t一个ble> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig11"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig11"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(一)100模拟(SA_NoElitism)”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。0011a" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.0011a.jpg"> <br> <strong>(一个)100年模拟(年代一个_NoElitism)</年代trong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(b) (SA_Elitism)的最佳解决方案”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。0011b" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.0011b.jpg"> <br> <strong>(b)Thebe年代t年代olut我on for (SA_Elitism)</年代trong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="F (c) 100模拟K (SA_NoElitism)”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。0011c" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.0011c.jpg"> <br> <strong>(c)100年模拟FK(年代一个_NoElitism)</年代trong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(d) F K (SA_NoElitism)的最佳解决方案”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。0011d" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.0011d.jpg"> <br> <strong>(d)Thebe年代t年代olut我on for F K (SA_NoElitism)</年代trong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="100 (e)模拟(SA_NoElitism)”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。0011e" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.0011e.jpg"> <br> <strong>(e)100年模拟(年代一个_NoElitism)</年代trong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(f) (SA_NoElitism)的最佳解决方案”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。0011f" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.0011f.jpg"> <br> <strong>(f)Thebe年代t年代olut我on for (SA_NoElitism)</年代trong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="100 (g)模拟(SA_NoElitism)”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。0011g" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.0011g.jpg"> <br> <strong>(g)100年模拟(年代一个_NoElitism)</年代trong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(h) (SA_NoElitism)的最佳解决方案”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。0011h" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.0011h.jpg"> <br> <strong>(h)Thebe年代t年代olut我on for (SA_NoElitism)</年代trong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs fig-thumbs-fig11"> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(a) 100 simulations for 𝑚 (SA_NoElitism)"><img alt="(一)100模拟(SA_NoElitism)”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。0011a" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.0011a.jpg"><br><strong>(一个)100年模拟(年代一个_NoElitism)</年代trong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(b) The best solution for 𝑚 (SA_Elitism)"><img alt="(b) (SA_Elitism)的最佳解决方案”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。0011b" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.0011b.jpg"><br><strong>(b)Thebe年代t年代olut我on for (SA_Elitism)</年代trong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(c) 100 simulations for 𝑎 F K (SA_NoElitism)"><img alt="F (c) 100模拟K (SA_NoElitism)”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。0011c" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.0011c.jpg"><br><strong>(c)100年模拟FK(年代一个_NoElitism)</年代trong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(d) The best solution for 𝑎 F K (SA_NoElitism)"><img alt="(d) F K (SA_NoElitism)的最佳解决方案”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。0011d" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.0011d.jpg"><br><strong>(d)Thebe年代t年代olut我on for F K (SA_NoElitism)</年代trong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(e) 100 simulations for 𝑇 (SA_NoElitism)"><img alt="100 (e)模拟(SA_NoElitism)”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。0011e" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.0011e.jpg"><br><strong>(e)100年模拟(年代一个_NoElitism)</年代trong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(f) The best solution for 𝑇 (SA_NoElitism)"><img alt="(f) (SA_NoElitism)的最佳解决方案”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。0011f" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.0011f.jpg"><br><strong>(f)Thebe年代t年代olut我on for (SA_NoElitism)</年代trong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(g) 100 simulations for 𝑇 𝑣 (SA_NoElitism)"><img alt="100 (g)模拟(SA_NoElitism)”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。0011g" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.0011g.jpg"><br><strong>(g)100年模拟(年代一个_NoElitism)</年代trong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(h) The best solution for 𝑇 𝑣 (SA_NoElitism)"><img alt="(h) (SA_NoElitism)的最佳解决方案”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。0011h" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.0011h.jpg"><br><strong>(h)Thebe年代t年代olut我on for (SA_NoElitism)</年代trong></button> </div> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev fig-nav-fig11"> <button class="carousel-prev" aria-label="Previous"></button> <button class="carousel-next" aria-label="Next"></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图11</年代p一个n> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2011/496732/fig11/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> 过程参数100模拟SA-version SA_NoElitism。</t一个ble> </div> </div> </div> <h5 id="sec6.1">6.1。重复100次模拟参数的多样性</h5gydF4y2Ba> <p>见表<一个href=”http年代://www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2011/496732/tab8/" target="_blank">8</一个>- - - - - -<一个href=”http年代://www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2011/496732/tab14/" target="_blank">14</一个>。</pgydF4y2Ba> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="tab9"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-tab9"> <table class="table-group" id="tab9"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <table class="table"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="4"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr class="thead"> <td align="left">参数</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">分钟。</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">Avg。</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">Max。</tdgydF4y2Ba> </tr> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="4"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="13.75" id="M172" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 25.825001 13.75" width="25.825001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.75)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.64,64.17)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ̇</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-7.3017521" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.07,61.05)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> F</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8661122" y="0"> K</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>[公斤·年代<年代up>−1</年代up>]</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">0.00985924</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">0.133546</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">0.551649</tdgydF4y2Ba> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="7.0124998" id="M173" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 6.5 7.0124998" width="6.5" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.0125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-66.39)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>[m]</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">0.328569</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">1.48296</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">2.99652</tdgydF4y2Ba> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="10.95" id="M174" style="vertical-align:-0.1254pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.1374998 10.95" width="9.1374998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.95)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.41)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ℎ</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>[m]</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">0.527274</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">1.96553</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">3.48392</tdgydF4y2Ba> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="14.3625" id="M175" style="vertical-align:-3.23158pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 23.3375 14.3625" width="23.3375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.51)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> V</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.318944" y="0"> P</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>[K]</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">293.185</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">306.886</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">323.001</tdgydF4y2Ba> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="13.925" id="M176" style="vertical-align:-3.27548pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 20.6 13.925" width="20.6" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.925)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.86)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.64,64.17)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ̇</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-7.3017521" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.07,61.05)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>[公斤·年代<年代up>−1</年代up>]</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">0.382172</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">8.31582</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">9.99879</tdgydF4y2Ba> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="10.75" id="M177" style="vertical-align:-0.15048pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.375 10.75" width="9.375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.75)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.4)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>[m]</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">0.0300549</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">0.0440286</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">0.0941844</tdgydF4y2Ba> </tr> <tr class="table-tr"> <td colspan="4"> <hr class="tbody-hr"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">表9</年代p一个n> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2011/496732/tab9/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> DERand2Bin估计参数。</d我v> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="tab10"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-tab10"> <table class="table-group" id="tab10"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <table class="table"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="4"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr class="thead"> <td align="left">参数</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">分钟。</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">Avg。</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">Max。</tdgydF4y2Ba> </tr> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="4"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="13.75" id="M178" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 25.825001 13.75" width="25.825001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.75)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.64,64.17)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ̇</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-7.3017521" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.07,61.05)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> F</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8661122" y="0"> K</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>[公斤·年代<年代up>−1</年代up>]</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">0.0064630</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">0.0290028</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">0.126721</tdgydF4y2Ba> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="7.0124998" id="M179" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 6.5 7.0124998" width="6.5" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.0125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-66.39)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>[m]</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">0.3</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">0.719769</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">2.38758</tdgydF4y2Ba> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="10.95" id="M180" style="vertical-align:-0.1254pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.1374998 10.95" width="9.1374998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.95)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.41)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ℎ</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>[m]</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">0.500022</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">1.22914</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">3.29516</tdgydF4y2Ba> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="14.3625" id="M181" style="vertical-align:-3.23158pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 23.3375 14.3625" width="23.3375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.51)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> V</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.318944" y="0"> P</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>[K]</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">293.52</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">308.434</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">322.923</tdgydF4y2Ba> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="13.925" id="M182" style="vertical-align:-3.27548pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 20.6 13.925" width="20.6" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.925)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.86)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.64,64.17)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ̇</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-7.3017521" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.07,61.05)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>[公斤·年代<年代up>−1</年代up>]</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">2.91889</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">8.84481</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">9.99993</tdgydF4y2Ba> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="10.75" id="M183" style="vertical-align:-0.15048pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.375 10.75" width="9.375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.75)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.4)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>[m]</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">0.0304519</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">0.0558279</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">0.0987916</tdgydF4y2Ba> </tr> <tr class="table-tr"> <td colspan="4"> <hr class="tbody-hr"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">表10</年代p一个n> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2011/496732/tab10/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> SOMAATO估计参数。</d我v> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="tab11"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-tab11"> <table class="table-group" id="tab11"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <table class="table"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="4"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr class="thead"> <td align="left">参数</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">分钟。</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">Avg。</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">Max。</tdgydF4y2Ba> </tr> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="4"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="13.75" id="M184" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 25.825001 13.75" width="25.825001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.75)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.64,64.17)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ̇</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-7.3017521" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.07,61.05)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> F</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8661122" y="0"> K</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>[公斤·年代<年代up>−1</年代up>]</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">0.0159922</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">0.0927306</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">0.378352</tdgydF4y2Ba> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="7.0124998" id="M185" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 6.5 7.0124998" width="6.5" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.0125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-66.39)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>[m]</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">0.321836</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">1.28136</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">2.88948</tdgydF4y2Ba> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="10.95" id="M186" style="vertical-align:-0.1254pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.1374998 10.95" width="9.1374998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.95)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.41)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ℎ</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>[m]</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">0.501199</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">1.76971</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">3.47737</tdgydF4y2Ba> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="14.3625" id="M187" style="vertical-align:-3.23158pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 23.3375 14.3625" width="23.3375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.51)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> V</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.318944" y="0"> P</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>[K]</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">293.444</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">303.046</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">322.487</tdgydF4y2Ba> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="13.925" id="M188" style="vertical-align:-3.27548pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 20.6 13.925" width="20.6" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.925)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.86)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.64,64.17)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ̇</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-7.3017521" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.07,61.05)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>[公斤·年代<年代up>−1</年代up>]</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">1.66669</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">9.53494</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">9.99987</tdgydF4y2Ba> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="10.75" id="M189" style="vertical-align:-0.15048pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.375 10.75" width="9.375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.75)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.4)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>[m]</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">0.0301466</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">0.0386274</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">0.093981</tdgydF4y2Ba> </tr> <tr class="table-tr"> <td colspan="4"> <hr class="tbody-hr"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">表11</年代p一个n> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2011/496732/tab11/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> SOMAATOR估计参数。</d我v> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="tab12"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-tab12"> <table class="table-group" id="tab12"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <table class="table"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="4"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr class="thead"> <td align="left">参数</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">分钟。</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">Avg。</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">Max。</tdgydF4y2Ba> </tr> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="4"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="13.75" id="M190" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 25.825001 13.75" width="25.825001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.75)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.64,64.17)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ̇</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-7.3017521" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.07,61.05)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> F</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8661122" y="0"> K</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>[公斤·年代<年代up>−1</年代up>]</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">0.0041721</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">0.362735</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">1.4908</tdgydF4y2Ba> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="7.0124998" id="M191" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 6.5 7.0124998" width="6.5" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.0125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-66.39)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>[m]</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">0.308429</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">2.20758</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">2.98134</tdgydF4y2Ba> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="10.95" id="M192" style="vertical-align:-0.1254pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.1374998 10.95" width="9.1374998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.95)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.41)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ℎ</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>[m]</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">0.673105</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">2.2323</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">3.48275</tdgydF4y2Ba> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="14.3625" id="M193" style="vertical-align:-3.23158pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 23.3375 14.3625" width="23.3375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.51)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> V</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.318944" y="0"> P</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>[K]</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">293.253</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">308.797</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">323.114</tdgydF4y2Ba> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="13.925" id="M194" style="vertical-align:-3.27548pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 20.6 13.925" width="20.6" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.925)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.86)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.64,64.17)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ̇</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-7.3017521" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.07,61.05)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>[公斤·年代<年代up>−1</年代up>]</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">0.234471</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">5.14055</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">9.96397</tdgydF4y2Ba> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="10.75" id="M195" style="vertical-align:-0.15048pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.375 10.75" width="9.375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.75)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.4)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>[m]</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">0.0303933</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">0.0652728</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">0.0995752</tdgydF4y2Ba> </tr> <tr class="table-tr"> <td colspan="4"> <hr class="tbody-hr"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">表12</年代p一个n> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2011/496732/tab12/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> 估计参数。</d我v> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="tab13"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-tab13"> <table class="table-group" id="tab13"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <table class="table"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="4"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr class="thead"> <td align="left">参数</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">分钟。</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">Avg。</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">Max。</tdgydF4y2Ba> </tr> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="4"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="13.75" id="M196" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 25.825001 13.75" width="25.825001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.75)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.64,64.17)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ̇</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-7.3017521" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.07,61.05)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> F</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8661122" y="0"> K</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>[公斤·年代<年代up>−1</年代up>]</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">0.0234063</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">0.25735</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">0.978476</tdgydF4y2Ba> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="7.0124998" id="M197" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 6.5 7.0124998" width="6.5" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.0125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-66.39)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>[m]</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">0.382136</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">2.12841</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">2.9857</tdgydF4y2Ba> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="10.95" id="M198" style="vertical-align:-0.1254pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.1374998 10.95" width="9.1374998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.95)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.41)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ℎ</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>[m]</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">0.570715</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">2.25282</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">3.47805</tdgydF4y2Ba> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="14.3625" id="M199" style="vertical-align:-3.23158pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 23.3375 14.3625" width="23.3375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.51)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> V</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.318944" y="0"> P</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>[K]</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">293.557</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">309.318</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">322.894</tdgydF4y2Ba> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="13.925" id="M200" style="vertical-align:-3.27548pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 20.6 13.925" width="20.6" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.925)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.86)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.64,64.17)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ̇</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-7.3017521" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.07,61.05)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>[公斤·年代<年代up>−1</年代up>]</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">0.0981996</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">5.77572</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">9.99886</tdgydF4y2Ba> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="10.75" id="M201" style="vertical-align:-0.15048pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.375 10.75" width="9.375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.75)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.4)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>[m]</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">0.0303382</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">0.0661099</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">0.0994636</tdgydF4y2Ba> </tr> <tr class="table-tr"> <td colspan="4"> <hr class="tbody-hr"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">表13</年代p一个n> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2011/496732/tab13/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> SA_Elitism估计参数。</d我v> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="tab14"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-tab14"> <table class="table-group" id="tab14"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <table class="table"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="4"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr class="thead"> <td align="left">参数</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">分钟。</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">Avg。</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">Max。</tdgydF4y2Ba> </tr> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="4"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="13.75" id="M202" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 25.825001 13.75" width="25.825001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.75)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.64,64.17)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ̇</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-7.3017521" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.07,61.05)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> F</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8661122" y="0"> K</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>[公斤·年代<年代up>−1</年代up>]</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">0.0176978</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">0.315186</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">1.19071</tdgydF4y2Ba> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="7.0124998" id="M203" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 6.5 7.0124998" width="6.5" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.0125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-66.39)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>[m]</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">0.506012</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">2.1492</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">2.99712</tdgydF4y2Ba> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="10.95" id="M204" style="vertical-align:-0.1254pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.1374998 10.95" width="9.1374998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.95)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.41)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ℎ</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>[m]</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">0.513602</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">2.30953</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">3.49055</tdgydF4y2Ba> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="14.3625" id="M205" style="vertical-align:-3.23158pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 23.3375 14.3625" width="23.3375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.51)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> V</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.318944" y="0"> P</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>[K]</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">293.282</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">306.615</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">322.332</tdgydF4y2Ba> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="13.925" id="M206" style="vertical-align:-3.27548pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 20.6 13.925" width="20.6" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.925)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.86)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.64,64.17)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ̇</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-7.3017521" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.07,61.05)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>[公斤·年代<年代up>−1</年代up>]</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">0.0015723</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">5.27791</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">9.90747</tdgydF4y2Ba> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="10.75" id="M207" style="vertical-align:-0.15048pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.375 10.75" width="9.375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.75)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.4)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>[m]</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">0.0300534</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">0.0630213</tdgydF4y2Ba> <td align="center">0.0994389</tdgydF4y2Ba> </tr> <tr class="table-tr"> <td colspan="4"> <hr class="tbody-hr"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">表14</年代p一个n> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2011/496732/tab14/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> SA_NoElitism估计参数。</d我v> </div> </div> <h5 id="sec6.2">6.2。图形结果</h5gydF4y2Ba> <p>参见图<一个href=”http年代://www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2011/496732/fig3/" target="_blank">3</一个>- - - - - -<一个href=”http年代://www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2011/496732/fig11/" target="_blank">11</一个>。</pgydF4y2Ba> <h4 id="discussion-to-the-result-optimization">7所示。讨论结果的优化</h4gydF4y2Ba> <p>这项工作提出了一个系统的过程来得到一个解决方案模型动态化学反应器的操作过程。结果产生的优化不仅取决于问题被解决了,还在路上如何定义一个给定的函数。所有模拟都是重复100次为每一个EA为每个模拟相同的初始条件。</pgydF4y2Ba> <p>四个SOMA方法之间的差异,德,GA和SA是最好的表<一个href=”http年代://www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2011/496732/tab5/" target="_blank">5</一个>,<一个href=”http年代://www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2011/496732/tab6/" target="_blank">6</一个>,<一个href=”http年代://www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2011/496732/tab7/" target="_blank">7</一个>。第一部分显示了间歇式反应器的参数由专家设计,和第二部分显示了参数通过静态优化。</pgydF4y2Ba> <p>计算100次重复,最好的,最糟糕的情况下,(个人)和平均结果记录上次人口在每个模拟。所有一百个三胞胎(最好,最差,平均)是用于创建数据<一个href=”http年代://www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2011/496732/fig3/" target="_blank">3</一个>和<一个href=”http年代://www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2011/496732/fig4/" target="_blank">4</一个>。</pgydF4y2Ba> <p>四个算法(SOMA,德、GA、SA)应用了100次为了找到最优的工艺参数和反应器几何。<我>这种比较研究的主要目的并不是显示哪种算法更好或更糟的是,</我>但显示输出的模拟数据中描述<一个href=”http年代://www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2011/496732/fig5/" target="_blank">5</一个>- - - - - -<一个href=”http年代://www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2011/496732/fig11/" target="_blank">11</一个>SOMA,进化是最好的解决方案从实际模拟比德,GA和SA。基于数据模拟,四个比较可以做到的。从参数的变化来看,估计参数描述的数据<一个href=”http年代://www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2011/496732/fig3/" target="_blank">3</一个>和<一个href=”http年代://www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2011/496732/fig4/" target="_blank">4</一个>显示四个算法性能比较(小偏差)。</pgydF4y2Ba> <p>的图表,很明显,SOMA算法的课程更薄谱密度和质量从一开始就不远轴(见图<一个href=”http年代://www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2011/496732/fig5/" target="_blank">5(一个)</一个>)。只有少数值漂移的光谱。DE算法更快的结果在光谱的重量。通过这些结果我们可以得出结论,SOMA比德有更好的收敛,GA, SA算法(见图<一个href=”http年代://www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2011/496732/fig5/" target="_blank">5</一个>- - - - - -<一个href=”http年代://www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2011/496732/fig11/" target="_blank">11</一个>)。为了更好的比较四种算法的概述,我选择过程反应混合物的温度<年代vghe我ght=”10.325”我d="M208" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:11.225px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.225 10.325" width="11.225" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,如图<一个href=”http年代://www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2011/496732/fig12/" target="_blank">12</一个>。</pgydF4y2Ba> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig12"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig12"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="SOMA (a)”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。0012a" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.0012a.jpg"> <br> <strong>SOMA (a)</年代trong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(b)德”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。0012b" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.0012b.jpg"> <br> <strong>(b)德</年代trong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(c)遗传算法”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。0012c" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.0012c.jpg"> <br> <strong>(c)遗传算法</年代trong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(d) SA”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。0012d" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.0012d.jpg"> <br> <strong>(d) SA</年代trong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs fig-thumbs-fig12"> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(a) SOMA"><img alt="SOMA (a)”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。0012a" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.0012a.jpg"><br><strong>SOMA (a)</年代trong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(b) DE"><img alt="(b)德”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。0012b" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.0012b.jpg"><br><strong>(b)德</年代trong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(c) GA"><img alt="(c)遗传算法”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。0012c" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.0012c.jpg"><br><strong>(c)遗传算法</年代trong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(d) SA"><img alt="(d) SA”n一个米e=”496732。f我g。0012d" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/mse/volume-2011/496732/figures/496732.fig.0012d.jpg"><br><strong>(d) SA</年代trong></button> </div> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev fig-nav-fig12"> <button class="carousel-prev" aria-label="Previous"></button> <button class="carousel-next" aria-label="Next"></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图12</年代p一个n> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2011/496732/fig12/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <svg height="10.325" id="M209" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.225 10.325" width="11.225" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg> <table> 100年模拟gydF4y2Ba。</t一个ble> </div> </div> </div> <p>在图<一个href=”http年代://www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2011/496732/fig12/" target="_blank">12</一个>我们可以看到这个过程参数的温度<年代vghe我ght=”10.325”我d="M210" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:11.225px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.225 10.325" width="11.225" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>模拟的SOMA是比其他算法更稳定(具体地说,在本实验批反应堆的问题)。</pgydF4y2Ba> <p>从获得的结果,有可能说所有模拟给出了令人满意的结果,;因此,<我>进化算法能够解决这类难题,结果并不仅仅取决于质量的问题被解决了,但是他们是非常敏感的适当定义代价函数,选择进化算法的参数设置。</我></p> <h4 id="general-conclusion-and-further-research-perspective">8。一般结论和进一步的研究视角</h4gydF4y2Ba> <p>摘要进化算法被用于化学反应器的静态优化以提高质量的这种行为不受控制的状态。优化工具被描述,选择四个东亚峰会(SOMA,德,SA, GA),特别是经过认证的高鲁棒性和能力成功地解决复杂的优化问题,尤其是化学反应器。</pgydF4y2Ba> <p>事实上,使用智能条的方法,主要的进化计算技术,可用于这样一个艰巨的任务是一个非线性系统的分析和优化,尤其是化学反应器。论文的主要目的是集中在东亚峰会的例子实现化学反应的方法为了获得更好的结果,这意味着更快地达到预期的稳定状态和卓越的稳定性和健壮的和有效的化学工程优化领域的难题。</pgydF4y2Ba> <p>这里给出基本的优化过程是基于一个相对简单的功能。除非实验受限于技术问题时,寻找最优参数,没有问题在定义subcriteria更复杂的功能包括,例如,稳定,成本,时间最优标准,可控性,或其任意组合。</pgydF4y2Ba> <p>进化算法的未来研究SOMA,德,GA, SA仍然开放。根据所有的结果在这个研究,计划,主要活动将集中在本研究的扩大对其他化学动态系统。</pgydF4y2Ba> <p>从论文的结果,我们可以得出这样的结论:东亚峰会显示巨大的潜力和能力来解决复杂的优化问题,不仅在化学工程领域的过程也在不同的工业领域。</pgydF4y2Ba> <h4 id="acknowledgments">确认</h4gydF4y2Ba> <p>这项工作是科学活动的一部分吨Duc Thang大学越南胡志明市。作者要感谢他的i Zelinka信息学教授和人工智能,托马斯·巴塔大学Zlin,捷克共和国,激发了他的写作技巧和支持他非常专业的研究方式。</pgydF4y2Ba> </div> <div class="xml-content"> <h4 class="references" id="references">引用</h4gydF4y2Ba> <ol> <li id="B42">z Michalewicz和m . 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Godorr”实现区域隔离,最大混合,和其他反应堆模型,”<我>工业化学与工程化学研究</我>,33卷,不。5,1136 - 1144年,1994页。<年代p一个ncl一个年代年代=”refl在ks">视图:<一个href=”http年代://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=The%20attainable%20region%20for%20segregated,%20maximum%20mixed,%20and%20other%20reactor%20models&author=D. Glasser&author=D. Hildebrandt&author=&author=S. Godorr&publication_year=1994" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li> <li id="B22">d·格拉瑟和d . Hildebrandt“反应堆和合成过程,”<我>电脑和化学工程</我>,21卷,不。1,S775-S783, 1997页。<年代p一个ncl一个年代年代=”refl在ks">视图:<一个href=”http年代://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Reactor%20and%20process%20synthesis&author=D. Glasser &author=D. Hildebrandt&publication_year=1997" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li> <li id="B28">f . Hopley、d·格拉瑟和d . Hildebrandt”优化反应器结构放热与复杂的动力学,可逆反应”<我>化学工程科学</我>,51卷,不。10日,2399 - 2407年,1996页。<年代p一个ncl一个年代年代=”refl在ks">视图:<一个href=”http年代://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Optimal%20reactor%20structures%20for%20exothermic%20reversible%20reactions%20with%20complex%20kinetics&author=F. Hopley&author=D. Glasser&author=&author=D. Hildebrandt&publication_year=1996" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li> <li id="B47">a . Nisoli m·f·马龙和m·f·多尔蒂,“反应与分离,实现区域”<我>AIChE杂志</我>,43卷,不。2、374 - 386年,1997页。<年代p一个ncl一个年代年代=”refl在ks">视图:<一个href=”http年代://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Attainable%20Regions%20for%20Reaction%20with%20Separation&author=A. Nisoli&author=M. F. Malone&author=&author=M. F. Doherty&publication_year=1997" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li> <li id="B6">Balakrishna和l . t . Biegler“建设性的瞄准方法的合成化学反应器网络”<我>工业化学与工程化学研究</我>没有,卷。31日。1,第312 - 300页,1992。<年代p一个ncl一个年代年代=”refl在ks">视图:<一个href=”http年代://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=A%20constructive%20targeting%20approaches%20for%20the%20synthesis%20of%20chemical%20reactor%20networks&author=S. Balakrishna &author=L. T. Biegler&publication_year=1992" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li> <li id="B7">Balakrishna和l . t . Biegler”目标的合成和能量集成策略非等温反应器网络,”<我>工业化学与工程化学研究</我>没有,卷。31日。9日,第2164 - 2152页,1992年。<年代p一个ncl一个年代年代=”refl在ks">视图:<一个href=”http年代://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Targeting%20strategies%20for%20the%20synthesis%20and%20energy%20integration%20of%20nonisothermal%20reactor%20networks&author=S. Balakrishna &author=L. T. Biegler&publication_year=1992" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li> <li id="B36">答:看到和l . t . Biegler”废物最少化反应器网络目标,”<我>通过过程污染防治和产品的修改</我>、m El-Halwagi和d . Petrides Eds。卷,90<我>AIChE研讨会系列</我>AIChE, p。128年,纽约,纽约,美国,1994年。<年代p一个ncl一个年代年代=”refl在ks">视图:<一个href=”http年代://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Reactor%20network%20targeting%20for%20waste%20minimization&author=A. Lakshmanan &author=L. T. Biegler&publication_year=1994" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li> <li id="B37">答:看到和l . t . Biegler”最佳的合成化学反应器网络”<我>工业化学与工程化学研究</我>,35卷,不。4、1344 - 1353年,1996页。<年代p一个ncl一个年代年代=”refl在ks">视图:<一个href=”http年代://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Synthesis%20of%20optimal%20chemical%20reactor%20networks&author=A. Lakshmanan &author=L. T. Biegler&publication_year=1996" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li> <li id="B38">答:看到和l . t . Biegler反应器网络综合的一个案例研究:氯乙烯过程,”<我>电脑和化学工程</我>,21卷,不。1,S785-S790, 1997页。<年代p一个ncl一个年代年代=”refl在ks">视图:<一个href=”http年代://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=A%20case%20study%20for%20reactor%20network%20synthesis:%20the%20vinyl%20chloride%20process&author=A. Lakshmanan &author=L. T. Biegler&publication_year=1997" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li> <li id="B53">a . Rojnuckarin c . a . Floudas h . Rabitz r·a·耶特,“甲烷转化为乙烯和乙炔:最优控制与氯、氧、热通量,”<我>工业化学与工程化学研究</我>,35卷,不。3、683 - 696年,1996页。<年代p一个ncl一个年代年代=”refl在ks">视图:<一个href=”http年代://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Methane%20conversion%20to%20ethylene%20and%20acetylene:%20optimal%20control%20with%20chlorine,%20oxygen,%20and%20heat%20flux&author=A. Rojnuckarin&author=C. A. Floudas&author=H. Rabitz&author=&author=R. A. Yetter&publication_year=1996" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li> <li id="B54">c . a . Schweiger和c . a . Floudas”优化框架的合成化学反应器网络”<我>工业化学与工程化学研究</我>,38卷,不。3、744 - 766年,1999页。<年代p一个ncl一个年代年代=”refl在ks">视图:<一个href=”http年代://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Optimization%20framework%20for%20the%20synthesis%20of%20chemical%20reactor%20networks&author=C. A. Schweiger &author=C. A. Floudas&publication_year=1999" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li> <li id="B24">d . Hildebrandt和l . t . Biegler<我>合成化学反应器网络</我>美国科罗拉多州,斯诺马斯FOCAPD 1994。<年代p一个ncl一个年代年代=”refl在ks"></span></li> <li id="B13">d·达斯古普塔和z . Michalewicz<我>进化算法在工程应用中</我>施普林格,柏林,德国,1997年。<年代p一个ncl一个年代年代=”refl在ks"></span></li> <li id="B45">l .中止固特异,a . a .故事p·d·皮克顿和n s t·j·布雷斯韦特,“在模拟退火步骤宽度适应连续参数优化”<我>计算智能理论和应用</我>,艾德。b . Reusch卷,2206<我>在计算机科学的课堂讲稿</我>施普林格,页589 - 598年,柏林,德国,2001年。<年代p一个ncl一个年代年代=”refl在ks">视图:<一个href=”http年代://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=On%20step%20width%20adaptation%20in%20simulated%20annealing%20for%20continuous%20parameter%20optimisation&author=L. Nolle&author=A. Goodyear&author=A. A. Hopgood&author=P. D. Picton&author=&author=N. S. T. J. Braithwaite&publication_year=2001" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li> <li id="B46">l .中止Zelinka, a . a .故事和a .固特异”比较的自组织迁移算法与模拟退火和微分进化自动波形调优,“<我>工程软件的进步</我>,36卷,不。10日,645 - 653年,2005页。<年代p一个ncl一个年代年代=”refl在ks">视图:<一个href=”http年代://doi.org/10.1016/j.advengsoft.2005.03.012">出版商的网站</一个><span class="sep">|</年代p一个n><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Comparison%20of%20an%20self-organizing%20migration%20algorithm%20with%20simulated%20annealing%20and%20differential%20evolution%20for%20automated%20waveform%20tuning&author=L. Nolle&author=I. Zelinka&author=A. A. Hopgood&author=&author=A. Goodyear&publication_year=2005" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li> <li id="B67">即Zelinka和l .中止“等离子体反应器优化使用微分进化,”<我>微分进化:一种实用的全局优化方法</我>价格,k v, j . Lampinen和r . Storn, Eds。,pp。499- - - - - -512,年代pr在ger, New York, NY, USA, 2006.<年代p一个ncl一个年代年代=”refl在ks">视图:<一个href=”http年代://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Plasma%20reactor%20optimizing%20using%20differential%20evolution&author=I. Zelinka &author=L. Nolle&publication_year=2006" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li> <li id="B59">t·d·Tran和i Zelinka反应精馏过程的优化使用自组织迁移算法和微分进化策略,”<我>学报》第14届国际会议上软计算(孟德尔08年)</我>布尔诺,页186 - 191年,捷克共和国,2008年6月。<年代p一个ncl一个年代年代=”refl在ks">视图:<一个href=”http年代://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Optimization%20of%20reactive%20distillation%20processes%20using%20self-organizing%20migrating%20algorithm%20and%20differential%20evolution%20strategies&author=T. D. Tran &author=I. Zelinka" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li> <li id="B58">t·d·Tran和i Zelinka”,利用人工智能方法优化和控制化学反应器,”<我>学报》第15届国际会议上软计算(孟德尔09年)</我>2009年6月,捷克布尔诺。<年代p一个ncl一个年代年代=”refl在ks">视图:<一个href=”http年代://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Using%20method%20of%20artificial%20intelligence%20to%20optimise%20and%20control%20chemical%20reactor&author=T. D. Tran &author=I. Zelinka" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li> <li id="B17">o . j . Emuoyibofarhe r . a .周日,“过程控制问题的最佳解决方案(连续搅拌釜反应器)使用混合神经网络,”<我>理论和应用信息技术杂志》上</我>,4卷,不。10日,906 - 915年,2008页。<年代p一个ncl一个年代年代=”refl在ks">视图:<一个href=”http年代://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=An%20optimum%20solution%20for%20a%20process%20control%20problem%20(continuous%20stirred%20tank%20reactor)%20using%20a%20hybrid%20neural%20network&author=O. J. Emuoyibofarhe &author=R. A. Sunday&publication_year=2008" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li> <li id="B51">k .价格,“介绍微分进化,”<我>新思想优化</我>d·科恩,m .民宿和f·格洛弗,Eds。,pp。79- - - - - -108,米cGraw-Hill, London, UK, 1999.<年代p一个ncl一个年代年代=”refl在ks">视图:<一个href=”http年代://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=An%20introduction%20to%20differential%20evolution&author=K. Price&publication_year=1999" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li> <li id="B63">Zelinka,“SOMA-self组织迁移算法”<我>新的优化技术在工程</我>b . v .先生,g . Onwubolu Eds。,pp。167- - - - - -218,年代pr在ger, New York, NY, USA, 2004.<年代p一个ncl一个年代年代=”refl在ks">视图:<一个href=”http年代://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=SOMA—self%20%20organizing%20migrating%20algorithm&author=I. Zelinka&publication_year=2004" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li> <li id="B64">Zelinka,“躯体”<我>新的优化技术在工程</我>b . v .先生,g . Onwubolu Eds。,年代pr在ger,NewYork, NY, USA, 2004.<年代p一个ncl一个年代年代=”refl在ks">视图:<一个href=”http年代://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=SOMA%20&author=I. Zelinka&publication_year=2004" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li> <li id="B27">j . h .荷兰“遗传算法”,<我>科学美国人</我>,卷267,不。1,44-50,1992页。<年代p一个ncl一个年代年代=”refl在ks">视图:<一个href=”http年代://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Genetic%20algorithms&author=J. H. Holland&publication_year=1992" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li> <li id="B32">柯克帕特里克,c . d . Gelatt Jr .)和m . p . Vecchi“由模拟退火优化”<我>科学</我>,卷220,不。4598年,第680 - 671页,1983年。<年代p一个ncl一个年代年代=”refl在ks">视图:<一个href=”http年代://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Optimization%20by%20simulated%20annealing&author=S. Kirkpatrick&author=C. D. Gelatt Jr.&author=&author=M. P. Vecchi&publication_year=1983" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li> <li id="B11">诉Černy”,热力学货郎担问题的方法:一个有效的模拟算法,”<我>优化理论与应用》杂志上</我>,45卷,不。1,41-51,1985页。<年代p一个ncl一个年代年代=”refl在ks">视图:<一个href=”http年代://doi.org/10.1007/BF00940812">出版商的网站</一个><span class="sep">|</年代p一个n><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Thermodynamical%20approach%20to%20the%20traveling%20salesman%20problem:%20an%20efficient%20simulation%20algorithm&author=V. Černý&publication_year=1985" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个><span class="sep">|</年代p一个n><a href="https://www.ams.org/mathscinet-getitem?mr=MR778156">MathSciNet</一个></span></li> <li id="B40">l . Liu w·刘,d . a .必须“粒子群文中针对参数识别应用于永磁同步电机,”<我>人工智能技术的工程应用</我>,21卷,不。7,1092 - 1100年,2008页。<年代p一个ncl一个年代年代=”refl在ks">视图:<一个href=”http年代://doi.org/10.1016/j.engappai.2007.10.002">出版商的网站</一个><span class="sep">|</年代p一个n><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Particle%20swarm%20optimization-based%20parameter%20identification%20applied%20to%20permanent%20magnet%20synchronous%20motors&author=L. Liu&author=W. Liu&author=&author=D. A. Cartes&publication_year=2008" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li> <li id="B19">f·格洛弗,m .拉古纳和r·马蒂“分散搜索,”<我>进化计算的发展:理论和应用程序</我>a . Ghosh和美国Tsutsui Eds。,pp。519- - - - - -537,年代pr在ger, New York, NY, USA, 2003.<年代p一个ncl一个年代年代=”refl在ks">视图:<一个href=”http年代://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Scatter%20search&author=F. Glover&author=M. Laguna&author=&author=R. Martí&publication_year=2003" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li> <li id="B12">d·h·沃伯特和w·g·麦克里迪”,为优化,没有免费的午餐定理”<我>IEEE进化计算</我>,1卷,不。1,第82 - 67页,1997。<年代p一个ncl一个年代年代=”refl在ks">视图:<一个href=”http年代://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=No%20free%20lunch%20theorems%20for%20optimization&author=D. H. Wolpert &author=W. G. Macready&publication_year=1997" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li> <li id="B43">n .大都市a . w . Rosenbluth m . n . Rosenbluth a . h .出纳员和e .出纳员”状态方程计算通过快速计算机器,”<我>《物理化学》杂志上</我>,21卷,不。6,1087 - 1092年,1953页。<年代p一个ncl一个年代年代=”refl在ks">视图:<一个href=”http年代://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Equation%20of%20state%20calculations%20by%20fast%20computing%20machines&author=N. Metropolis&author=A. W. Rosenbluth&author=M. N. Rosenbluth&author=A. H. Teller&author=&author=E. Teller&publication_year=1953" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li> </ol> </div> <div class="xml-content"> <h4 class="copyright" id="copyright">版权</h4gydF4y2Ba> <p>版权©2011 Tran阮富仲刀。这是一个开放的分布式下文章<一个rel=”l我cen年代e”href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/">知识共享归属许可</一个>,它允许无限制的使用、分配和复制在任何媒介,提供最初的工作是正确引用。</pgydF4y2Ba> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> <div class="biblio__Wrapper-sc-1nou1lz-0 eyHfWh journal_article__BiblioIntegratorWidget-sc-12fk6zy-5 dbAANp article_widget biblioWrapper hide"> <hr> <h4 class="biblio__H4-sc-1nou1lz-2 kgAKHb hrTitleRef">更多相关文章</h4gydF4y2Ba> <div id="biblio_widget" class="biblio__BiblioWrapper-sc-1nou1lz-1 ObfEZ"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="threeColumn__RightWrapper-sc-1bf4078-2 jzTMLK rightWrapper" id="rightSectionMenu"> <div> <div class="journal_article__ArticleStickyTopToolbar-sc-12fk6zy-0 gbrQxi article_sticky_top_toolbar"> <div class="sc-cBdUnI hRnXob article_top_toolbar"> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-jtRfpW dIjoCg 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height="24"><span class="text">下载引用</年代p一个n></span><span class="sc-htoDjs bqeMOy sc-dqBHgY cQgXqt fileArrow icon-colored _3P4iUn1NDM5G77nWCamJ4l icon-themeable" title="" font-size="20"></span></a> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-jtRfpW dIjoCg sc-BngTV hmDWcT ref_desktop" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/mse/2011/496732.ris" aria-label="" target="" id="toolbar__dcNavSmall"><span><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl sc-kTUwUJ eujois" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="24"><span class="text">引用</年代p一个n></span><span class="sc-htoDjs bqeMOy sc-dqBHgY cQgXqt fileArrow icon-colored _3P4iUn1NDM5G77nWCamJ4l icon-themeable" title="" font-size="20"></span></a> </div> </div> <div class="journal_article__ArticleStickyBottomToolbar-sc-12fk6zy-1 isgRZA article_sticky_bottom_toolbar"> <div class="sc-cTjmhe ihmyEq article_bottom_toolbar"> <div class="sc-cugefK itFKcQ accordion" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8" id="toolbar__dofNav"> <span><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl sc-bfYoXt cGuwDn" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="24"><span class="sc-dRFtgE jrsDZP">下载其他格式</年代p一个n><span class="sc-gkFcWv gWTCXQ">更多的</年代p一个n></span> <span class="sc-htoDjs bMdQcY sc-gbOuXE jGPvPL icon-colored _1CwL9R82TPl2HxDleeYGDR icon-themeable" title="" font-size="11"></span> </div> <div class="sc-fnwBNb etzuBr"> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-iNhVCk gWgCNb open_panel" href="//www.newsama.com/downloads/journals/mse/2011/496732.epub" aria-label="ePub" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"> <div class="sc-eAKXzc WHkfb"> ePub</d我v><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl sc-bfYoXt cGuwDn" title="" role="presentation" 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height="24"><span class="sc-dRFtgE jrsDZP">订单打印副本</年代p一个n><span class="sc-gkFcWv gWTCXQ">订单</年代p一个n></span><span class="sc-htoDjs kNoiZu sc-gbOuXE jGPvPL right__icon icon-colored _32KP5uexH-Bgs7Kj8Gk1Tz icon-themeable" title="" font-size="16"></span></a> <div class="sc-hBbWxd kdRRST"> <div class="sc-dyGzUR cHatnS"> <div> 的观点<年代p一个n>2751年</年代p一个n> </div> <div> 下载<年代p一个n>719年</年代p一个n> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sc-drKuOJ kxdGAZ"> <span class="__dimensions_badge_embed__" data-doi="10.1155/2011/496732" data-style="small_circle"></span>引用</d我v> </div> </div> <nav class="sc-bRBYWo fXBKFa sc-hUfwpO jHPgUP" id="toolbar__iconNav"> <h3 class="sc-Rmtcm hNPrIr">分享文章</h3gydF4y2Ba> <ul class="sc-hzDkRC bnbfTS"> <li class="iconBorder"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link" href="https://twitter.com/share?url=https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/496732&via=Hindawi" aria-label="Sharing on Twitter" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl socialTwitter" title="" 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