of 31 M), competitively inhibited by T3 ( of 1.2 M) and blocked by leucine, BCH, and rT3 as expected for substrate interactions of System L1. Efflux of preloaded L-[3H]phenylalanine from 3T3-L1 adipocytes was trans stimulated by external leucine, demonstrating the obligatory exchange mechanism of System L1 transport. T3 (10M) did not significantly trans stimulate L-[3H]phenylalanine efflux, but did competitively inhibit the trans stimulatory effect of 10 M leucine. The results highlight strong competitive interactions between iodothyronines (T3, rT3) and amino acids for transport by System L1 in adipocytes, which may impact cellular iodothyronine exchanges during altered states of protein nutrition.">
Iodothyronine与系统交互L1氨基酸换热器3 t3-l1脂肪细胞</t我tle>
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.expand_btn{-webkit-flex:1;-ms-flex:1;flex:1;background:url('data:image/svg+xml;base64,PD94bWwgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4wIiBlbmNvZGluZz0iVVRGLTgiPz4KPHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMTZweCIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxNnB4IiB2aWV3Qm94PSIwIDAgMTYgMTYiIHZlcnNpb249IjEuMSIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayI+CiAgICA8IS0tIEdlbmVyYXRvcjogU2tldGNoIDUzLjIgKDcyNjQzKSAtIGh0dHBzOi8vc2tldGNoYXBwLmNvbSAtLT4KICAgIDx0aXRsZT5JY29ucy9DbG9zZSBNZW51IC08L3RpdGxlPgogICAgPGRlc2M+Q3JlYXRlZCB3aXRoIFNrZXRjaC48L2Rlc2M+CiAgICA8ZGVmcz4KICAgICAgICA8cGF0aCBkPSJNMTMsMTEgTDE5LDExIEMxOS41NTIyODQ3LDExIDIwLDExLjQ0NzcxNTMgMjAsMTIgQzIwLDEyLjU1MjI4NDcgMTkuNTUyMjg0NywxMyAxOSwxMyBMMTMsMTMgTDEzLDE5IEMxMywxOS41NTIyODQ3IDEyLjU1MjI4NDcsMjAgMTIsMjAgQzExLjQ0NzcxNTMsMjAgMTEsMTkuNTUyMjg0NyAxMSwxOSBMMTEsMTMgTDUsMTMgQzQuNDQ3NzE1MjUsMTMgNCwxMi41NTIyODQ3IDQsMTIgQzQsMTEuNDQ3NzE1MyA0LjQ0NzcxNTI1LDExIDUsMTEgTDExLDExIEwxMSw1IEMxMSw0LjQ0NzcxNTI1IDExLjQ0NzcxNTMsNCAxMiw0IEMxMi41NTIyODQ3LDQgMTMsNC40NDc3MTUyNSAxMyw1IEwxMywxMSBaIiBpZD0icGF0aC0xIj48L3BhdGg+CiAgICA8L2RlZnM+CiAgICA8ZyBpZD0iUGFnZS0xIiBzdHJva2U9Im5vbmUiIHN0cm9rZS13aWR0aD0iMSIgZmlsbD0ibm9uZSIgZmlsbC1ydWxlPSJldmVub2RkIj4KICAgICAgICA8ZyBpZD0iQXJ0aWNsZS0tLU1vYmlsZS0tLWZpZ3VyZSIgdHJhbnNmb3JtPSJ0cmFuc2xhdGUoLTIwLjAwMDAwMCwgLTg2MS4wMDAwMDApIj4KICAgICAgICAgICAgPGcgaWQ9Ikdyb3VwLTkiIHRyYW5zZm9ybT0idHJhbnNsYXRlKDAuMDAwMDAwLCAzMzAuMDAwMDAwKSI+CiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICA8ZyBpZD0iR3JvdXAtOCIgdHJhbnNmb3JtPSJ0cmFuc2xhdGUoMC4wMDAwMDAsIDUwNi4wMDAwMDApIj4KICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICA8ZyBpZD0iR3JvdXAtNyIgdHJhbnNmb3JtPSJ0cmFuc2xhdGUoMC4wMDAwMDAsIDE2LjAwMDAwMCkiPgogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICA8ZyBpZD0iSWNvbnMvT3Blbi1NZW51LSsiIHRyYW5zZm9ybT0idHJhbnNsYXRlKDEzLjAwMDAwMCwgMi4wMDAwMDApIj4KICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIDxnIGlkPSJwbHVzIiB0cmFuc2Zvcm09InRyYW5zbGF0ZSgzLjAwMDAwMCwgMy4wMDAwMDApIj4KICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICA8bWFzayBpZD0ibWFzay0yIiBmaWxsPSJ3aGl0ZSI+CiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIDx1c2UgeGxpbms6aHJlZj0iI3BhdGgtMSI+PC91c2U+CiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgPC9tYXNrPgogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIDx1c2UgaWQ9IkNvbWJpbmVkLVNoYXBlIiBmaWxsPSIjMDAwMDAwIiBmaWxsLXJ1bGU9Im5vbnplcm8iIHhsaW5rOmhyZWY9IiNwYXRoLTEiPjwvdXNlPgogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIDxnIGlkPSJDT0xPUi8tUHJpbWFyeS1HcmVlbiIgbWFzaz0idXJsKCNtYXNrLTIpIiBmaWxsPSIjNkJBNDM5IiBmaWxsLXJ1bGU9ImV2ZW5vZGQiPgogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICA8cmVjdCBpZD0iUmVjdGFuZ2xlIiB4PSIwIiB5PSIwIiB3aWR0aD0iMjQiIGhlaWdodD0iMjQiPjwvcmVjdD4KICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICA8L2c+CiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICA8L2c+CiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIDwvZz4KICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICA8L2c+CiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICA8L2c+CiAgICAgICAgICAgIDwvZz4KICAgICAgICA8L2c+CiAgICA8L2c+Cjwvc3ZnPg==') no-repeat 6px;background-position:center;margin-top:10px;min-width:55px;display:none;} @media (min-width:768px){.gtIExW .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .expand_btn{display:none;}} .gtIExW .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-text{-webkit-flex:9;-ms-flex:9;flex:9;text-align:left;padding:21px 37px 10px 0px;font-size:16px;font-weight:700;} @media (min-width:768px){.gtIExW .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-text{padding:19px 18px 10px 18px;}} @media (min-width:992px){.gtIExW .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-text{padding:19px 21px 10px 21px;}} .gtIExW .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-partial-url{-webkit-flex:1;-ms-flex:1;flex:1;background:url('data:image/svg+xml;base64,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') no-repeat 6px;background-position:center;padding:16px 0 16px 0;min-width:62px;max-width:62px;} @media (min-width:768px){.gtIExW .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-partial-url{padding:16px 0 17px 0;min-width:52px;max-width:52px;}} @media (min-width:992px){.gtIExW .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-partial-url{padding:15px 0 17px 0;min-width:60px;max-width:60px;}} .gtIExW .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-partial-url:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;} .gtIExW .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption-text{font-size:14px;padding:0px 18px 17px 22px;} @media (min-width:768px){.gtIExW .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption-text{padding:0px 15px 15px 18px;}} @media (min-width:992px){.gtIExW .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption-text{padding:0px 18px 19px 21px;}} .gtIExW .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption-text figcaption{margin:0;padding:0;} .gtIExW .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption-text svg{max-width:100%;} .gtIExW ol{font-size:16px;padding-left:32px;font-family:STIXGeneral-Regular;line-height:24px;margin:15px 0;} .gtIExW ol li{margin:10px 0;padding-left:10px;word-break:normal;} .gtIExW ol li a{word-break:break-all;} .gtIExW ol li .reflinks{display:block;} .gtIExW ol li .reflinks a{color:#4D8A17;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:pointer;} .gtIExW ol li .reflinks a:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;} .gtIExW ol li .reflinks .sep{color:#000000;} .gtIExW .table-wrapper{width:auto;overflow-x:auto;} .gtIExW .table-wrapper::-webkit-scrollbar{-webkit-appearance:none;width:5px;height:5px;} .gtIExW .table-wrapper::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb{border-radius:5px;background-color:rgba(0,0,0,.5);-webkit-box-shadow:0 0 1px rgba(255,255,255,.5);} @media (min-width:768px){.gtIExW .table-wrapper{overflow-x:auto;width:auto;-webkit-break-word:word-break;break-word:word-break;margin:0 auto;}} @media (min-width:992px){.gtIExW .table-wrapper{width:auto;}} @media (min-width:1324px){.gtIExW .table-wrapper{width:auto;}} @media (min-width:320px){.gtIExW{margin-bottom:33px;padding:0;}} @media (min-width:992px){.gtIExW{padding:0;margin-bottom:100px;}} @media (min-width:1325px){.gtIExW{margin-bottom:100px;}} .gtIExW .owl-stage{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;} .gtIExW .floats-partial-middle--thumbs{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;} .gtIExW .floats-partial-middle--thumbs .partial-carousel-dot svg{fill:#4D8A17;} .gtIExW .floats-partial-middle--thumbs .partial-carousel-dot strong{color:#4D8A17;font-weight:500;} .gtIExW .floats-partial-middle--thumbs .partial-carousel-dot.active strong{color:#007B8B;} .gtIExW .floats-partial-middle--thumbs .partial-carousel-dot.active svg{fill:#007B8B;} .gtIExW .floats-partial-middle--thumbs .partial-carousel-dot .nowrap{white-space:nowrap;} .gtIExW .partial-carousel-dot{text-align:center;cursor:pointer;border:0;width:100px;padding-bottom:20px;background-color:#fff;display:table-cell;} .gtIExW .partial-carousel-dot:focus-visible{outline-offset:-3px;} .gtIExW .partial-carousel-dot strong{font-size:11px;padding-top:12px;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.gtIExW .partial-carousel-dot strong{font-size:16px;}} .gtIExW .partial-carousel-dot img{width:90px;height:90px;border:1px solid #979797;margin:10px 0;} .gtIExW .partial-carousel-wrapper .floats-partial-middle{border-top:1px solid #e3e3e3;display:block;margin-bottom:50px;padding-top:1px;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.gtIExW .partial-carousel-wrapper .floats-partial-middle{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;margin-bottom:0;}} .gtIExW .partial-carousel--single-image{overflow:hidden;text-align:center;} .gtIExW .partial-carousel--single-image img{width:100%;max-height:239px;height:auto;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.gtIExW .partial-carousel--single-image img{max-height:357px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.gtIExW .partial-carousel--single-image img{max-height:417px;}} .gtIExW .partial-carousel--single-image strong{font-size:11px;padding-top:12px;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.gtIExW .partial-carousel--single-image strong{font-size:16px;}} .gtIExW .owl-nav,.gtIExW .owl-dots{display:none;} .gtIExW .partial-carousel-wrapper .owl-loaded{position:relative;height:auto;max-height:287px;} @media (min-width:767.6px){.gtIExW .partial-carousel-wrapper .owl-loaded{max-height:414px;}} @media (min-width:767.5px){.gtIExW .partial-carousel-wrapper .owl-loaded{max-height:477px;}} .gtIExW .partial-carousel-wrapper .floats-partial-content,.gtIExW .owl-stage-outer,.gtIExW .owl-stage{max-height:287px;height:auto;} @media 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<p>丽莎•a•罗伊,菲奥娜·e·米切尔,彼得·m·泰勒<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->
<!-- -->”<gydF4y2Baspan class="adjust-article-svg-size">Iodothyronine与系统交互L1氨基酸换热器3 t3-l1脂肪细胞</gydF4y2Baspan>”,<gydF4y2Ba!-- --><i>甲状腺研究期刊》的研究</我>,<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->
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<h1 class="sc-iRbamj jZOxOO sc-iSDuPN jVSHWt article_title adjust-article-svg-size heading-title">Iodothyronine与系统交互L1氨基酸换热器3 t3-l1脂肪细胞</gydF4y2Bah1>
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<span class="">菲奥娜·e·米切尔<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<gydF4y2Basup>1</gydF4y2Basup></span>
<span class="">丽莎·a·罗伊<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<gydF4y2Basup>1</gydF4y2Basup>
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<span class=""><b>彼得·m·泰勒</gydF4y2Bab><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link" href="mailto:" aria-label="Mail Option"><span class="sc-htoDjs kNoiZu sc-hjRWVT irNWJI icon-colored _2zt-1j0LmaF8UjTQAM413G icon-themeable" title="" font-size="16"></span></a><sup>1</gydF4y2Basup></span>
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<p><sup>1</gydF4y2Basup><span>分裂分子生理学、生命科学学院、詹姆斯•布莱克中心,邓迪大学,邓迪DD1 5嗯,英国</gydF4y2Baspan></p>
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<h4 class="header" id="abstract">文摘</gydF4y2Bah4>
<p>甲状腺激素进入孤立的白色脂肪细胞主要由一个系统L1-type氨基酸转运蛋白<我>途中</我>运用基因操作。分化3 t3-l1小鼠脂肪细胞在文化表达mRNA LAT1(高亲和性系统L1)的催化亚基。L - (<gydF4y2Basup>125年</gydF4y2Basup>我]- t<gydF4y2Basub>3</gydF4y2Basub>吸收成3 t3-l1大量饱和脂肪细胞包括组件被亮氨酸。L - (<gydF4y2Basup>3</gydF4y2Basup>H]苯丙氨酸成3 t3-l1细胞吸收饱和(<gydF4y2Basvg height="15.4" id="M1" style="vertical-align:-3.3907pt;width:23.325001px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 23.325001 15.4" width="23.325001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.112)">
<path d="M764 650l-7 -26q-61 -10 -91.5 -22.5t-76.5 -48.5l-235 -184q104 -152 208 -276q31 -37 54.5 -48.5t68.5 -16.5l-7 -28h-156q-138 170 -213 284q-19 29 -33.5 35t-33.5 -7l-29 -173q-15 -75 -5.5 -90.5t74.5 -20.5l-5 -28h-260l7 28q58 5 74 21.5t30 89.5l70 378
q12 68 2 83t-72 22l6 28h257l-7 -28q-62 -7 -76 -21.5t-27 -83.5l-32 -172q29 11 78 46q112 84 217 179q18 16 23.5 25.5t-1 14.5t-26.5 8l-30 4l5 28h249z" id="x1D43E"></path>
</g>
<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,13.25,15.187)">
<path d="M766 88q-40 -45 -83.5 -72.5t-63.5 -27.5q-39 0 -16 103l49 224q15 68 -10 68q-36 0 -112.5 -78.5t-105.5 -133.5q-27 -101 -38 -165q-35 -4 -77 -18l-6 6q42 153 70 288q12 55 10 78t-19 23q-38 0 -114 -80.5t-101 -131.5q-24 -68 -41 -165q-36 -3 -76 -18l-8 6
q56 202 87 347q7 33 -3 33q-8 0 -31.5 -17.5t-41.5 -35.5l-12 28q42 45 84 72t63 27q44 0 10 -124l-20 -75h2q92 121 193 178q36 21 64 21q62 0 28 -159l-8 -37h2q50 67 103.5 112t94.5 65q39 19 62 19q60 0 23 -156l-45 -189q-9 -39 2 -39q17 0 71 49z" id="x1D45A"></path>
</g>
</svg>31<gydF4y2Basvg height="12.175" id="M2" style="vertical-align:-3.56265pt;width:9.5625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.5625 12.175" width="9.5625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,7.675)">
<path d="M538 96q-38 -45 -84 -76.5t-71 -31.5q-44 0 -15 117q12 49 18 89h-2q-99 -128 -163 -178q-36 -28 -70 -28q-26 0 -44 38h-2q-16 -69 -16 -129q0 -43 11 -75.5t24 -42.5l1 -6q-7 -12 -24.5 -23t-37.5 -11q-40 0 -40 76q0 52 35 202l94 407l78 24l5 -5q-32 -122 -72 -310
q-7 -33 0 -55t25 -22q36 0 105.5 75t107.5 145l32 146l75 26h10q-50 -197 -78 -347q-7 -38 6 -38q7 0 31 17t47 39z" id="x1D707"></path>
</g>
</svg>米),竞争性抑制T<gydF4y2Basub>3</gydF4y2Basub>(<gydF4y2Basvg height="15.4" id="M3" style="vertical-align:-3.3907pt;width:17.1875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.1875 15.4" width="17.1875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.112)">
<use xlink:href="#x1D43E"></use>
</g>
<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,13.25,15.187)">
<path d="M244 607q0 -25 -15.5 -43t-37.5 -18q-19 0 -32 13t-13 35q0 21 15 41t39 20q20 0 32 -14t12 -34zM222 91q-29 -33 -79 -68t-75 -35q-13 0 -19 7.5t-6 31t10 65.5l62 253q5 26 -1 26q-21 0 -72 -43l-13 24q43 40 91 68t71 28q30 0 10 -78l-71 -274q-8 -30 3 -30
q16 0 76 48z" id="x1D456"></path>
</g>
</svg>1.2<gydF4y2Basvg height="12.175" id="M4" style="vertical-align:-3.56265pt;width:9.5625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.5625 12.175" width="9.5625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,7.675)">
<use xlink:href="#x1D707"></use>
</g>
</svg>米)和被亮氨酸、BCH和rT<gydF4y2Basub>3</gydF4y2Basub>如预期为底物的相互作用系统L1。射流预紧L - (<gydF4y2Basup>3</gydF4y2Basup>从3 H]苯丙氨酸t3-l1脂肪细胞<我>反式</我>由外部刺激亮氨酸,展示系统L1运输的义务交流机制。T<gydF4y2Basub>3</gydF4y2Basub>(10<gydF4y2Basvg height="12.175" id="M5" style="vertical-align:-3.56265pt;width:12.3875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 12.3875 12.175" width="12.3875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,2.9,7.675)">
<use xlink:href="#x1D707"></use>
</g>
</svg>米)不显著<我>反式</我>刺激L - (<gydF4y2Basup>3</gydF4y2Basup>H]苯丙氨酸流出,但竞争性抑制<我>反式</我>刺激的效果十<gydF4y2Basvg height="12.175" id="M6" style="vertical-align:-3.56265pt;width:9.5625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.5625 12.175" width="9.5625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,7.675)">
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</svg>M亮氨酸。结果突出显示强大的竞争iodothyronines (T之间的相互作用<gydF4y2Basub>3</gydF4y2Basub>,rT<gydF4y2Basub>3</gydF4y2Basub>)和氨基酸运输系统L1脂肪细胞,这可能会影响细胞iodothyronine交流期间改变状态的蛋白质营养。</gydF4y2Bap>
<span class="end-abs"></span>
<h4 id="introduction">1。介绍</gydF4y2Bah4>
<p>甲状腺激素(黑色)甲状腺素和L-triiodothyronine iodothyronines施加他们的主要生理作用在靶细胞基因表达的调节,它们必须首先进入跨越质膜(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B1">1</gydF4y2Baa>- - - - - -<gydF4y2Baa href="#B3">3</gydF4y2Baa>]。Iodothyronines目前已知可能促使细胞膜通过多种机制,包括运输系统的共享大中性氨基酸(LNAAs;主要是芳香和支链氨基酸)和有机阴离子(见,例如,(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B4">4</gydF4y2Baa>- - - - - -<gydF4y2Baa href="#B6">6</gydF4y2Baa>]审查)。TH保留tyrosine-derived氨基酸iodothyronine分子结构中的一部分,让他们被接受为基质等LNAA运输车系统L(特别是“系统L1”SLC7A5 / SLC3A2异质二聚体同种型LAT1) (<gydF4y2Baa href="#B7">7</gydF4y2Baa>,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B8">8</gydF4y2Baa>T)和系统(MCT10;SLC16A10) [<gydF4y2Baa href="#B9">9</gydF4y2Baa>]。</gydF4y2Bap>
<p>白色脂肪组织是一个重要的目标组织行动,脂肪形成的影响包括刺激本身(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B10">10</gydF4y2Baa>),调制的脂肪酸合成通过调节脂肪生成的酶的表达(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B10">10</gydF4y2Baa>- - - - - -<gydF4y2Baa href="#B12">12</gydF4y2Baa>)和瘦素分泌的调制<gydF4y2Baa href="#B13">13</gydF4y2Baa>,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B14">14</gydF4y2Baa>]。TH进入大鼠脂肪细胞主要由一个系统L1-type氨基酸转运蛋白(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B15">15</gydF4y2Baa>),LAT1 mRNA表达在大鼠脂肪细胞<gydF4y2Baa href="#B16">16</gydF4y2Baa>]。系统L1也可能是氨基酸代谢的主要重要性的脂肪组织,这是一个网站的重要BCAA降解和利用脂肪酸、甾醇合成(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B17">17</gydF4y2Baa>,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B18">18</gydF4y2Baa>]。特别是系统L1衬底亮氨酸似乎参与mTOR的调制信号通路在脂肪细胞<gydF4y2Baa href="#B19">19</gydF4y2Baa>]。系统L1脂肪细胞的活动和表达,及其监管的,因此可能是定量重要性全身iodothyronine和氨基酸的营业额。在目前的研究中使用3 t3-l1小鼠脂肪细胞分化[<gydF4y2Baa href="#B20">20.</gydF4y2Baa>,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B21">21</gydF4y2Baa>),我们调查系统L1运输的机制是如何影响iodothyronines。</gydF4y2Bap>
<h4 id="experimental-procedures">2。实验程序</gydF4y2Bah4>
<h5 id="sec2.1">2.1。材料</gydF4y2Bah5>
<p>L - (2、3、4、5、6 -<gydF4y2Basup>3</gydF4y2Basup>得到H]苯丙氨酸Amersham(通用电气医疗集团、绝望、英国)和L - (<gydF4y2Basup>125年</gydF4y2Basup>我从PerkinElmer]三碘甲状腺氨酸(美元,英国)。细胞培养媒体获得GibcoBRL生命技术(英国佩斯利)除非另有规定;其他化学物质得到从西格玛化学品(英国多塞特郡普尔)或BDH默克公司(英国多塞特郡普尔)。</gydF4y2Bap>
<h5 id="sec2.2">2.2。细胞培养</gydF4y2Bah5>
<p>3 t3-l1小鼠成纤维细胞(写明ATCC cl - 173)在培养3<gydF4y2Basvg height="13.1375" id="M7" style="vertical-align:-0.1638pt;width:13.325px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 13.325 13.1375" width="13.325" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,12.875)">
<path d="M447 623l8 -12l-283 -613l-74 -10l-7 11q174 283 297 551h-216q-48 0 -62.5 -12t-33.5 -63h-29q10 60 18 148h382z" id="x37"></path>
</g>
<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,8.225,4.712)">
<path d="M326 255q0 -56 -41 -96t-99 -40t-99 40t-41 96t41 96t99 40t99 -40t41 -96zM274 255q0 38 -25.5 65t-62.5 27t-62.5 -27t-25.5 -65t25.5 -65t62.5 -27t62.5 27t25.5 65z" id="x2218"></path>
</g>
</svg>C, 95%空气:5%的股份有限公司<gydF4y2Basub>2</gydF4y2Basub>杜尔贝科的修改鹰介质(DMEM;high-glucose)和10%的供体牛血清(DBS)和1%的抗生素/抗真菌的(A / A)的解决方案。之前融合,细胞被trypsinisation resuspended然后到6 -或12-well实验板。分化成脂肪细胞(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B22">22</gydF4y2Baa>),3 t3-l1成纤维细胞发展到融合(preadipocytes),然后改变了媒介与10%胎牛血清DMEM(的边后卫)和1% /解决方案/分化过程的持续时间。前两天的分化,1<gydF4y2Basvg height="12.175" id="M8" style="vertical-align:-3.56265pt;width:9.5625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.5625 12.175" width="9.5625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,7.675)">
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</g>
</svg>g<gydF4y2Basvg height="5.4499998" id="M9" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:4px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 4 5.4499998" width="4" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,5.388)">
<path d="M170 255q0 -25 -16 -41t-40 -16t-40 16t-16 41t16 41.5t40 16.5t40 -16.5t16 -41.5z" id="x22C5"></path>
</g>
</svg>毫升<gydF4y2Basup>1</gydF4y2Basup>胰岛素,5<gydF4y2Basvg height="12.175" id="M10" style="vertical-align:-3.56265pt;width:9.5625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.5625 12.175" width="9.5625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,7.675)">
<use xlink:href="#x1D707"></use>
</g>
</svg>M isobutylmethylxanthine, 100点地塞米松也添加到媒体和随后两天1<gydF4y2Basvg height="12.175" id="M11" style="vertical-align:-3.56265pt;width:9.5625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.5625 12.175" width="9.5625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
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</svg>g<gydF4y2Basvg height="5.4499998" id="M12" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:4px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 4 5.4499998" width="4" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,5.388)">
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</svg>毫升<gydF4y2Basup>1</gydF4y2Basup>胰岛素就补充道。贴壁细胞被允许完全区分在进一步的六天,然后用实验天11或12。</gydF4y2Bap>
<h5 id="sec2.3">2.3。(<gydF4y2Basup>125年</gydF4y2Basup>我]- t<gydF4y2Basub>3</gydF4y2Basub>和[<gydF4y2Basup>3</gydF4y2Basup>H]苯丙氨酸的吸收</gydF4y2Bah5>
<p>立即一个实验之前,媒体从井和吸气PBS的细胞被洗两次。传输缓冲区(121毫米氯化钠,氯化钾4.9毫米,2.5毫米MgSO<gydF4y2Basub>4</gydF4y2Basub>CaCl 20毫米Tris-HCl 1毫米<gydF4y2Basub>2</gydF4y2Basub>,pH值7.4)包含L - (<gydF4y2Basup>125年</gydF4y2Basup>我]- t<gydF4y2Basub>3</gydF4y2Basub>30 kBq<gydF4y2Basvg height="5.4499998" id="M13" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:4px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 4 5.4499998" width="4" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,5.388)">
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</svg>毫升<gydF4y2Basup>1</gydF4y2Basup>或L -<gydF4y2Basup>3</gydF4y2Basup>kBq 18.5 H)苯丙氨酸<gydF4y2Basvg height="5.4499998" id="M14" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:4px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 4 5.4499998" width="4" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,5.388)">
<use xlink:href="#x22C5"></use>
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</svg>毫升<gydF4y2Basup>1</gydF4y2Basup>和任何其他必要的化合物(例如,抑制剂)被添加到细胞中。一旦细胞被孵化的传输缓冲区指定时间段,缓冲吸气,细胞迅速洗了三次在寒冷的PBS停止吸收过程。细胞被细胞溶解在1.25毫升50 mM氢氧化钠在室温下过夜前测定放射性的液体闪烁计数并使用布拉德福德蛋白质浓度测定试剂(Biorad英国)。初步实验(数据未显示)表明,5的吸收<gydF4y2Basvg height="12.175" id="M15" style="vertical-align:-3.56265pt;width:9.5625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.5625 12.175" width="9.5625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,7.675)">
<use xlink:href="#x1D707"></use>
</g>
</svg>米(<gydF4y2Basup>3</gydF4y2Basup>H]苯基丙氨酸是线性至少5分钟,因此,在所有后续的实验报道,苯丙氨酸吸收测量超过3分钟的时间。L - (<gydF4y2Basup>125年</gydF4y2Basup>我]- t<gydF4y2Basub>3</gydF4y2Basub>在10分钟内吸收测定(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B15">15</gydF4y2Baa>]。金刚石的具体活动<gydF4y2Basvg height="5.4499998" id="M16" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:4px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 4 5.4499998" width="4" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,5.388)">
<use xlink:href="#x22C5"></use>
</g>
</svg>pmol<gydF4y2Basup>1</gydF4y2Basup>计算)的放射性示踪剂的放射性(DPM) 10<gydF4y2Basvg height="12.175" id="M17" style="vertical-align:-3.56265pt;width:9.5625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.5625 12.175" width="9.5625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,7.675)">
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</svg>L传输缓冲区使用液体闪烁计数测量;示踪剂摄取和pmol表示<gydF4y2Basvg height="5.4499998" id="M18" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:4px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 4 5.4499998" width="4" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,5.388)">
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</svg>毫克的蛋白质<gydF4y2Basup>1</gydF4y2Basup>
<svg height="5.4499998" id="M19" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:4px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 4 5.4499998" width="4" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,5.388)">
<use xlink:href="#x22C5"></use>
</g>
</svg>10分钟。为<我>反式</我>刺激研究3 t3-l1脂肪细胞在传输缓冲区包含2毫米亮氨酸preincubated 15分钟前初始PBS洗涤。</gydF4y2Bap>
<h5 id="sec2.4">2.4。(<gydF4y2Basup>3</gydF4y2Basup>H]苯丙氨酸流出</gydF4y2Bah5>
<p>3 t3-l1细胞被预装(<gydF4y2Basup>3</gydF4y2Basup>H]苯丙氨酸一段15分钟根据上述协议吸收。放射性缓冲然后吸气,细胞迅速与PBS洗了三次。(非放射性)的细胞被re-incubated传输缓冲区,其中一半时间间隔被拆除,立即补充新鲜缓冲区。在每个试验中,剩下的缓冲是吸气和细胞细胞溶解在氢氧化钠1.25毫升50毫米。孵化缓冲整除和细胞溶解产物化验了放射性物质和溶解产物也对蛋白质浓度如上所述。</gydF4y2Bap>
<h5 id="sec2.5">2.5。RNA提取和rt - pcr</gydF4y2Bah5>
<p>RNA是使用试剂盒从细胞中提取试剂(表达载体,普尔,英国)根据制造商的指示,resuspended RNase-free H<gydF4y2Basub>2</gydF4y2Basub>通过紫外光谱法O和量化。1<gydF4y2Basvg height="12.175" id="M20" style="vertical-align:-3.56265pt;width:9.5625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.5625 12.175" width="9.5625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
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</svg>0.5 g RNA是变性的存在<gydF4y2Basvg height="12.175" id="M21" style="vertical-align:-3.56265pt;width:9.5625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.5625 12.175" width="9.5625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
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</svg>g OligodT(低聚糖合成服务,邓迪大学)7<gydF4y2Basvg height="13.1375" id="M22" style="vertical-align:-0.1638pt;width:13.325px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 13.325 13.1375" width="13.325" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,12.875)">
<path d="M241 635q53 0 94 -28.5t63.5 -76t33.5 -102.5t11 -116q0 -58 -11 -112.5t-34 -103.5t-63.5 -78.5t-94.5 -29.5t-95 28t-64.5 75t-34.5 102.5t-11 118.5q0 58 11.5 112.5t34.5 103t64.5 78t95.5 29.5zM238 602q-32 0 -55.5 -25t-35.5 -68t-17.5 -91t-5.5 -105
q0 -76 10 -138.5t37 -107.5t69 -45q32 0 55.5 25t35.5 68.5t17.5 91.5t5.5 105t-5.5 105.5t-18 92t-36 68t-56.5 24.5z" id="x30"></path>
</g>
<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,8.225,4.712)">
<use xlink:href="#x2218"></use>
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</svg>C 5分钟然后使用Moloney reverse-transcribed小鼠白血病病毒逆转录酶(M-MLV RT) 100 U /<gydF4y2Basvg height="12.175" id="M23" style="vertical-align:-3.56265pt;width:9.5625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.5625 12.175" width="9.5625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
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</svg>g RNA在25<gydF4y2Basvg height="12.175" id="M24" style="vertical-align:-3.56265pt;width:9.5625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.5625 12.175" width="9.5625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,7.675)">
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</svg>其中包括500 L反应缓冲区<gydF4y2Basvg height="12.175" id="M25" style="vertical-align:-3.56265pt;width:9.5625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.5625 12.175" width="9.5625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,7.675)">
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</svg>M核苷酸(Fermentas) 4<gydF4y2Basvg height="12.9375" id="M26" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:13.325px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 13.325 12.9375" width="13.325" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,12.875)">
<path d="M412 140l28 -9q0 -2 -35 -131h-373v23q112 112 161 170q59 70 92 127t33 115q0 63 -31 98t-86 35q-75 0 -137 -93l-22 20l57 81q55 59 135 59q69 0 118.5 -46.5t49.5 -122.5q0 -62 -29.5 -114t-102.5 -130l-141 -149h186q42 0 58.5 10.5t38.5 56.5z" id="x32"></path>
</g>
<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,8.225,4.712)">
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</svg>C 1小时。结果第一链cDNA被存储<gydF4y2Basvg height="4.8874998" id="M27" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:10.1px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 10.1 4.8874998" width="10.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,4.825)">
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</svg>2<gydF4y2Basvg height="13.1375" id="M28" style="vertical-align:-0.1638pt;width:13.325px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 13.325 13.1375" width="13.325" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,12.875)">
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</g>
<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,8.225,4.712)">
<use xlink:href="#x2218"></use>
</g>
</svg>C使用之前使用gene-specific引物PCR检测特定的信使rna表达。PCR程序中使用的引物组<gydF4y2Baspan class="list"><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label"><i>
<svg height="0.125" id="M29" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:2.9625001px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 2.9625001 0.125" width="2.9625001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"></svg></i></span><span class="list-content">LAT1向前<gydF4y2Basvg height="17.9125" id="M30" style="vertical-align:-0.1638pt;width:12.4375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 12.4375 17.9125" width="12.4375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,17.65)">
<path d="M153 550l-26 -186q79 31 111 31q90 0 141.5 -51t51.5 -119q0 -93 -89 -166q-85 -69 -173 -71q-32 0 -61.5 11.5t-41.5 23.5q-18 17 -17 34q2 16 22 33q14 9 26 -1q61 -50 124 -50q60 0 93 43.5t33 104.5q0 69 -41.5 110t-121.5 41q-53 0 -102 -20l38 305h286l6 -8
l-26 -65h-233z" id="x35"></path>
</g>
<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,8.225,9.488)">
<path d="M227 744l-123 -338l-31 15l73 368q12 3 41.5 -8t36.5 -20z" id="x2032"></path>
</g>
</svg>-tctccttgcccattgtcacc -<gydF4y2Basvg height="17.9125" id="M31" style="vertical-align:-0.1638pt;width:12.4375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 12.4375 17.9125" width="12.4375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,17.65)">
<path d="M285 378v-2q65 -13 102 -54.5t37 -97.5q0 -57 -30.5 -104.5t-74 -75t-85.5 -42t-72 -14.5q-31 0 -59.5 11t-40.5 23q-19 18 -16 36q1 16 23 33q13 10 24 0q58 -51 124 -51q55 0 88 40t33 112q0 64 -39 96.5t-88 32.5q-29 0 -64 -11l-6 29q77 25 118 57.5t41 84.5
q0 45 -26.5 69.5t-68.5 24.5q-67 0 -120 -79l-20 20l43 63q51 56 127 56h1q66 0 107 -37t41 -95q0 -42 -31 -71q-22 -23 -68 -54z" id="x33"></path>
</g>
<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,8.225,9.488)">
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</svg></span></span><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label"><i>
<svg height="0.125" id="M32" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:2.9625001px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 2.9625001 0.125" width="2.9625001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"></svg></i></span><span class="list-content">反向<gydF4y2Basvg height="17.9125" id="M33" style="vertical-align:-0.1638pt;width:12.4375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 12.4375 17.9125" width="12.4375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,17.65)">
<use xlink:href="#x35"></use>
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<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,8.225,9.488)">
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</g>
</svg>-atgactcccaggtggtagttcc -<gydF4y2Basvg height="17.9125" id="M34" style="vertical-align:-0.1638pt;width:12.4375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 12.4375 17.9125" width="12.4375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,17.65)">
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<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,8.225,9.488)">
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</svg></span></span><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label"><i>
<svg height="0.125" id="M35" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:2.9625001px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 2.9625001 0.125" width="2.9625001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"></svg></i></span><span class="list-content">LAT2向前<gydF4y2Basvg height="17.9125" id="M36" style="vertical-align:-0.1638pt;width:12.4375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 12.4375 17.9125" width="12.4375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,17.65)">
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</g>
</svg>-aagggaacccgacagcgaaacaac -<gydF4y2Basvg height="17.9125" id="M37" style="vertical-align:-0.1638pt;width:12.4375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 12.4375 17.9125" width="12.4375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,17.65)">
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<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,8.225,9.488)">
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</svg></span></span><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label"><i>
<svg height="0.125" id="M38" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:2.9625001px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 2.9625001 0.125" width="2.9625001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"></svg></i></span><span class="list-content">反向<gydF4y2Basvg height="17.9125" id="M39" style="vertical-align:-0.1638pt;width:12.4375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 12.4375 17.9125" width="12.4375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,17.65)">
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</g>
<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,8.225,9.488)">
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</g>
</svg>-gggggaagcaggtagggaagagtg -<gydF4y2Basvg height="17.9125" id="M40" style="vertical-align:-0.1638pt;width:12.4375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 12.4375 17.9125" width="12.4375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,17.65)">
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</g>
<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,8.225,9.488)">
<use xlink:href="#x2032"></use>
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</svg>。</gydF4y2Baspan></span></span></p>
<p>对于每一个PCR, 2<gydF4y2Basvg height="12.175" id="M41" style="vertical-align:-3.56265pt;width:9.5625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.5625 12.175" width="9.5625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
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</svg>L第一链的DNA, 1<gydF4y2Basvg height="12.175" id="M42" style="vertical-align:-3.56265pt;width:9.5625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.5625 12.175" width="9.5625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,7.675)">
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</svg>米每个引物和标准2 x GoTaq绿色PCR反应混合液(Promega)用于20<gydF4y2Basvg height="12.175" id="M43" style="vertical-align:-3.56265pt;width:9.5625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.5625 12.175" width="9.5625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,7.675)">
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</g>
</svg>L总量。PCR项目使用的是9<gydF4y2Basvg height="13.1375" id="M44" style="vertical-align:-0.1638pt;width:13.325px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 13.325 13.1375" width="13.325" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,12.875)">
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<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,8.225,4.712)">
<use xlink:href="#x2218"></use>
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</svg>C, 3分钟;[9<gydF4y2Basvg height="12.9375" id="M45" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:13.325px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 13.325 12.9375" width="13.325" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,12.875)">
<path d="M456 178h-96v-72q0 -51 12.5 -62.5t72.5 -16.5v-27h-256v27q65 5 78 17t13 62v72h-260v28q182 271 300 426h40v-407h96v-47zM280 225v295h-2q-107 -148 -196 -295h198z" id="x34"></path>
</g>
<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,8.225,4.712)">
<use xlink:href="#x2218"></use>
</g>
</svg>C, 30年代;5<gydF4y2Basvg height="13.1375" id="M46" style="vertical-align:-0.1638pt;width:13.325px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 13.325 13.1375" width="13.325" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,12.875)">
<use xlink:href="#x35"></use>
</g>
<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,8.225,4.712)">
<use xlink:href="#x2218"></use>
</g>
</svg>C, 30年代;7<gydF4y2Basvg height="12.9375" id="M47" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:13.325px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 13.325 12.9375" width="13.325" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,12.875)">
<use xlink:href="#x32"></use>
</g>
<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,8.225,4.712)">
<use xlink:href="#x2218"></use>
</g>
</svg>40 C, 1分钟)周期;7<gydF4y2Basvg height="12.9375" id="M48" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:13.325px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 13.325 12.9375" width="13.325" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,12.875)">
<use xlink:href="#x32"></use>
</g>
<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,8.225,4.712)">
<use xlink:href="#x2218"></use>
</g>
</svg>C, 2分钟使用一个热科学Hybaid Px2热循环。</gydF4y2Bap>
<h5 id="sec2.6">2.6。数据分析</gydF4y2Bah5>
<p>数据表示为手段<gydF4y2Basvg height="14.85" id="M49" style="vertical-align:-2.22495pt;width:27.0875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 27.0875 14.85" width="27.0875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,12.012)">
<path d="M535 230h-212v-233h-58v233h-213v50h213v210h58v-210h212v-50z" id="x2B"></path>
</g>
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,10.041,12.012)">
<path d="M368 703l-264 -866h-60l265 866h59z" id="x2F"></path>
</g>
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,17.044,12.012)">
<use xlink:href="#x2212"></use>
</g>
</svg>S.E.米为<gydF4y2Basvg height="7.9499998" id="M50" style="vertical-align:-0.1638pt;width:8.6625004px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.6625004 7.9499998" width="8.6625004" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,7.675)">
<path d="M495 86q-46 -47 -87 -72.5t-63 -25.5q-43 0 -16 107l49 210q7 34 8 50.5t-3 21t-13 4.5q-35 0 -109.5 -72.5t-115.5 -140.5q-21 -75 -38 -159q-50 -10 -76 -21l-6 8l84 340q8 35 -4 35q-17 0 -67 -46l-15 26q44 44 85.5 70.5t64.5 26.5q35 0 10 -103l-24 -98h2
q42 56 97 103.5t96 71.5q46 26 74 26q9 0 16 -2.5t14 -11.5t9.5 -24.5t-1 -44t-13.5 -68.5q-30 -117 -47 -200q-4 -19 -3.5 -25t6.5 -6q21 0 70 48z" id="x1D45B"></path>
</g>
</svg>脂肪细胞的准备。统计学意义的吸收测量由单向方差分析来评估一个Dunnet紧随其后<我>事后</我>测试。对于射流测试,Graphpad软件(美国圣地亚哥,CA)被用来确定最适合的渐变线(速率常数)明显不同于控制。差异被认为是重要的地方<gydF4y2Basvg height="11.375" id="M51" style="vertical-align:-0.1638pt;width:50.549999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 50.549999 11.375" width="50.549999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.112)">
<path d="M619 482q0 -69 -40.5 -119t-96 -72.5t-118.5 -26.5h-44l-70 20l-31 -151q-14 -67 0.5 -83t89.5 -22l-5 -28h-287l8 28q65 7 81.5 22t29.5 83l79 398q12 56 0.5 70.5t-78.5 20.5l7 28h255q108 0 164 -43t56 -125zM524 478q0 141 -146 141q-25 0 -47 -8q-16 -6 -20.5 -13.5
t-10.5 -39.5l-43 -241q37 -13 83 -13q67 0 125.5 45t58.5 129z" id="x1D443"></path>
</g>
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,15.582,11.112)">
<path d="M512 -3l-437 233v51l437 233v-58l-378 -200v-2l378 -199v-58z" id="x3C"></path>
</g>
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,30.286,11.112)">
<path d="M113 -12q-24 0 -39.5 16t-15.5 42q0 24 16 40.5t40 16.5t40 -16.5t16 -40.5q0 -26 -16 -42t-41 -16z" id="x2E"></path>
</g>
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,34.162,11.112)">
<use xlink:href="#x30"></use>
</g>
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,42.321,11.112)">
<use xlink:href="#x35"></use>
</g>
</svg>。</gydF4y2Bap>
<h4 id="results">3所示。结果</gydF4y2Bah4>
<h5 id="sec3.1">3.1。L-T<gydF4y2Basub>3</gydF4y2Basub>吸收</gydF4y2Bah5>
<p>的吸收50 nM L - (<gydF4y2Basup>125年</gydF4y2Basup>我]- t<gydF4y2Basub>3</gydF4y2Basub>成3 t3-l1大量饱和脂肪细胞包括组件,减少约40%在10嗯未标记的T<gydF4y2Basub>3</gydF4y2Basub>(图<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jtr/2010/726098/fig1/" target="_blank">1</gydF4y2Baa>)。这个饱和组件的大小(约1 - 1.2 pmol<gydF4y2Basvg height="5.4499998" id="M52" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:4px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 4 5.4499998" width="4" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,5.388)">
<use xlink:href="#x22C5"></use>
</g>
</svg>毫克的蛋白质<gydF4y2Basup>1</gydF4y2Basup>
<svg height="5.4499998" id="M53" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:4px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 4 5.4499998" width="4" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,5.388)">
<use xlink:href="#x22C5"></use>
</g>
</svg>10分钟<gydF4y2Basup>1</gydF4y2Basup>)在脂肪细胞和pre-adipocytes相似,尽管总吸收在pre-adipocytes高出大约50%。过量的LNAA亮氨酸(10毫米),抑制了超过80%的饱和T<gydF4y2Basub>3</gydF4y2Basub>吸收(图<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jtr/2010/726098/fig1/" target="_blank">1</gydF4y2Baa>)。Pre-incubation 3 t3-l1脂肪细胞在运输缓冲区包含2毫米亮氨酸15分钟(其次是快速洗PBS)导致未成年人<我>反式</我>刺激增加饱和50 nM L - (<gydF4y2Basup>125年</gydF4y2Basup>我]- t<gydF4y2Basub>3</gydF4y2Basub>吸收(20<gydF4y2Basvg height="9.5625" id="M54" style="vertical-align:-0.3003pt;width:10.1px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 10.1 9.5625" width="10.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,9.125)">
<path d="M535 290h-212v-206h-58v206h-213v50h213v193h58v-193h212v-50zM535 -22h-483v50h483v-50z" id="xB1"></path>
</g>
</svg>8.5%,<gydF4y2Basvg height="11.125" id="M55" style="vertical-align:-0.1638pt;width:36.237499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 36.237499 11.125" width="36.237499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,10.862)">
<use xlink:href="#x1D45B"></use>
</g>
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,13.305,10.862)">
<path d="M535 323h-483v50h483v-50zM535 138h-483v50h483v-50z" id="x3D"></path>
</g>
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,28.008,10.862)">
<use xlink:href="#x33"></use>
</g>
</svg>),尽管这一增长没有达到统计学意义。</gydF4y2Bap>
<div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig1">
<div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig1">
<div class="partial-carousel--single-image">
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<br>
<strong>(一)</gydF4y2Bastrong>
</div>
<div class="partial-carousel--single-image">
<img alt="(b)”name="726098.fig.001b" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/jtr/volume-2010/726098/figures/726098.fig.001b.jpg">
<br>
<strong>(b)</gydF4y2Bastrong>
</div>
</div>
<div class="floats-partial-middle">
<div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs fig-thumbs-fig1">
<button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(a)"><img alt="(一)”name="726098.fig.001a" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/jtr/volume-2010/726098/figures/726098.fig.001a.jpg"><br><strong>(一)</gydF4y2Bastrong></button>
<button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(b)"><img alt="(b)”name="726098.fig.001b" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/jtr/volume-2010/726098/figures/726098.fig.001b.jpg"><br><strong>(b)</gydF4y2Bastrong></button>
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<span class="caption-text">图1</gydF4y2Baspan>
<a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jtr/2010/726098/fig1/" title="" target="_blank"></a>
</div>
<div class="floats-partial-caption-text">
<sub>3</gydF4y2Basub>
<sup>125年</gydF4y2Basup>
<sub>3</gydF4y2Basub>
<math id="M56" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<mrow>
<mi>
μ</米我>
</mrow>
</math>
<sub>3</gydF4y2Basub>
<math id="M57" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<mi>
P</米我>
<mo>
<</米o>
<mo>
。</米o>
<mn>
05年</米n>
</math>
<table>
吸收的iodothyronine L-TgydF4y2Ba成3 t3-l1脂肪细胞和pre-adipocytes。(gydF4y2Ba我]- tgydF4y2Ba吸收测量在50 nM 10分钟没有(控制)或10的存在M TgydF4y2Ba未标记的gydF4y2Ba或10毫米的亮氨酸吸收缓冲区。值表示±6 - 12的扫描电镜测量。*gydF4y2Ba;值明显不同于控制使用Dunnett的多重比较检验。</tgydF4y2Baable>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<h5 id="sec3.2">3.2。苯丙氨酸的吸收</gydF4y2Bah5>
<p>5的吸收<gydF4y2Basvg height="12.175" id="M58" style="vertical-align:-3.56265pt;width:9.5625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.5625 12.175" width="9.5625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,7.675)">
<use xlink:href="#x1D707"></use>
</g>
</svg>(0.465 M苯丙氨酸3 t3-l1细胞<gydF4y2Basvg height="9.5625" id="M59" style="vertical-align:-0.3003pt;width:10.1px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 10.1 9.5625" width="10.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,9.125)">
<use xlink:href="#xB1"></use>
</g>
</svg>0.065 nmol<gydF4y2Basvg height="5.4499998" id="M60" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:4px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 4 5.4499998" width="4" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,5.388)">
<use xlink:href="#x22C5"></use>
</g>
</svg>毫克的蛋白质<gydF4y2Basup>1</gydF4y2Basup>
<svg height="5.4499998" id="M61" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:4px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 4 5.4499998" width="4" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,5.388)">
<use xlink:href="#x22C5"></use>
</g>
</svg>最小值<gydF4y2Basup>1</gydF4y2Basup>,<gydF4y2Basvg height="11.125" id="M62" style="vertical-align:-0.1638pt;width:44.400002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 44.400002 11.125" width="44.400002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,10.862)">
<use xlink:href="#x1D45B"></use>
</g>
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,13.305,10.862)">
<use xlink:href="#x3D"></use>
</g>
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,28.008,10.862)">
<path d="M384 0h-275v27q67 5 81.5 18.5t14.5 68.5v385q0 38 -7.5 47.5t-40.5 10.5l-48 2v24q85 15 178 52v-521q0 -55 14.5 -68.5t82.5 -18.5v-27z" id="x31"></path>
</g>
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,36.168,10.862)">
<use xlink:href="#x32"></use>
</g>
</svg>饱和,被添加过量减少超过95%(10毫米)未标记的苯丙氨酸,亮氨酸和BCH (2-aminobicyclo - (2, 2, 1) -heptane-2-carboxylic酸;一种合成系统l型氨基酸运输抑制剂)(图<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jtr/2010/726098/fig2/" target="_blank">2</gydF4y2Baa>)。5<gydF4y2Basvg height="12.175" id="M63" style="vertical-align:-3.56265pt;width:9.5625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.5625 12.175" width="9.5625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,7.675)">
<use xlink:href="#x1D707"></use>
</g>
</svg>M苯丙氨酸摄取也大大抑制了T<gydF4y2Basub>3</gydF4y2Basub>和rT<gydF4y2Basub>3</gydF4y2Basub>抑制(82%和57%,分别地。)10<gydF4y2Basvg height="12.175" id="M64" style="vertical-align:-3.56265pt;width:9.5625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.5625 12.175" width="9.5625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,7.675)">
<use xlink:href="#x1D707"></use>
</g>
</svg>米,虽然抑制T<gydF4y2Basub>4</gydF4y2Basub>(17%)和triiodothyroacetic酸(双向可控硅;一个T<gydF4y2Basub>3</gydF4y2Basub>模拟缺乏<我>α</我>氨基分组)没有达到统计学意义在这个浓度(图<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jtr/2010/726098/fig2/" target="_blank">2</gydF4y2Baa>)。饱和苯丙氨酸摄取3 t3-l1细胞了<gydF4y2Basvg height="15.4" id="M65" style="vertical-align:-3.3907pt;width:23.325001px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 23.325001 15.4" width="23.325001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.112)">
<use xlink:href="#x1D43E"></use>
</g>
<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,13.25,15.187)">
<use xlink:href="#x1D45A"></use>
</g>
</svg>31<gydF4y2Basvg height="12.175" id="M66" style="vertical-align:-3.56265pt;width:9.5625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.5625 12.175" width="9.5625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,7.675)">
<use xlink:href="#x1D707"></use>
</g>
</svg>米和<gydF4y2Basvg height="15.4" id="M67" style="vertical-align:-3.3907pt;width:37.912498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 37.912498 15.4" width="37.912498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.112)">
<path d="M730 650l-8 -28q-52 -4 -72 -18t-64 -77q-79 -113 -321 -539h-33l-119 541q-13 59 -29.5 73t-66.5 20l7 28h245l-8 -28l-28 -5q-33 -6 -40.5 -15.5t-0.5 -38.5l102 -450h2q191 320 246 430q21 42 15.5 56t-43.5 19l-31 4l7 28h240z" id="x1D449"></path>
</g>
<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,12.675,15.187)">
<path d="M797 0h-214v26q46 5 58 17.5t12 63.5v167q0 116 -88 116q-48 0 -112 -52q3 -18 3 -42v-195q0 -46 11 -58t53 -17v-26h-214v26q48 5 59.5 17t11.5 60v172q0 115 -88 115q-47 0 -109 -52v-235q0 -47 10 -59.5t48 -17.5v-26h-211v26q50 5 62.5 17t12.5 60v207q0 48 -9 59.5
t-52 18.5v23q79 14 139 41v-81q3 2 29 20.5t44 29.5q45 28 81 28t66 -22t46 -61q25 20 83 57q39 26 76 26q59 0 93 -40t34 -113v-193q0 -49 10.5 -60.5t54.5 -16.5v-26z" id="x6D"></path>
</g>
<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,22.42,15.187)">
<path d="M433 39l-85 -51q-27 0 -47 20q-16 16 -24 44q-5 -3 -24 -16.5t-27 -18.5t-23 -13.5t-25 -12t-19 -3.5q-52 0 -86 36.5t-34 85.5q0 71 81 99q128 43 155 65v17q0 54 -23 83.5t-62 29.5q-28 0 -45 -19t-29 -66q-7 -23 -29 -23q-15 0 -29 13t-14 30t31 40q25 19 68.5 40.5
t81.5 29.5q49 0 82 -27q45 -39 45 -123v-185q0 -60 35 -60q18 0 36 11zM275 84v156q-12 -6 -49 -23t-41 -19q-31 -14 -46 -31t-15 -43q0 -35 22.5 -55.5t48.5 -20.5q19 0 42 10.5t38 25.5z" id="x61"></path>
</g>
<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,27.644,15.187)">
<path d="M474 0h-214v26q32 4 39 12t-5 28l-74 117q-39 -58 -64 -106q-16 -25 -10 -35t44 -16v-26h-186v26q46 6 64 17t48 49t85 120l-87 136q-23 36 -40 47t-58 16v26h199v-26q-31 -4 -36.5 -12.5t9.5 -29.5l59 -93q37 56 58 94q13 23 7 30t-40 11v26h183v-26q-47 -5 -65 -13.5
t-45 -39.5q-24 -29 -78 -110l97 -148q28 -43 46.5 -55.5t63.5 -18.5v-26z" id="x78"></path>
</g>
</svg>2.6<gydF4y2Basvg height="9.5625" id="M68" style="vertical-align:-0.3003pt;width:10.1px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 10.1 9.5625" width="10.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,9.125)">
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</svg>0.5 nmol<gydF4y2Basvg height="5.4499998" id="M69" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:4px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 4 5.4499998" width="4" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,5.388)">
<use xlink:href="#x22C5"></use>
</g>
</svg>毫克的蛋白质<gydF4y2Basup>1</gydF4y2Basup>
<svg height="5.4499998" id="M70" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:4px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 4 5.4499998" width="4" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,5.388)">
<use xlink:href="#x22C5"></use>
</g>
</svg>最小值<gydF4y2Basup>1</gydF4y2Basup>(平均<gydF4y2Basvg height="9.5625" id="M71" style="vertical-align:-0.3003pt;width:10.1px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 10.1 9.5625" width="10.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
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</svg>扫描电镜、<gydF4y2Basvg height="11.225" id="M72" style="vertical-align:-0.1638pt;width:36.237499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 36.237499 11.225" width="36.237499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,10.963)">
<use xlink:href="#x1D45B"></use>
</g>
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,13.305,10.963)">
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</g>
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,28.008,10.963)">
<path d="M137 343l67 33q37 17 63 17q79 0 129.5 -53t50.5 -131q0 -92 -58 -156.5t-147 -64.5t-147 68t-58 182q0 63 17 119t43 95.5t61.5 72t69 52t67.5 31.5q62 22 128 33l6 -32q-56 -11 -108 -35q-149 -71 -184 -231zM227 337q-47 0 -95 -27q-6 -23 -6 -70q0 -93 36 -155.5
t96 -62.5q53 0 78 45.5t25 105.5q0 68 -35 116t-99 48z" id="x36"></path>
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</svg>;参见图<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jtr/2010/726098/fig3/" target="_blank">3</gydF4y2Baa>)。T的抑制作用<gydF4y2Basub>3</gydF4y2Basub>在苯丙氨酸的吸收也似乎是竞争,<gydF4y2Basvg height="15.4" id="M73" style="vertical-align:-3.3907pt;width:17.1875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.1875 15.4" width="17.1875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.112)">
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</g>
<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,13.25,15.187)">
<use xlink:href="#x1D456"></use>
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</svg>1 - 2的顺序<gydF4y2Basvg height="12.175" id="M74" style="vertical-align:-3.56265pt;width:9.5625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.5625 12.175" width="9.5625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,7.675)">
<use xlink:href="#x1D707"></use>
</g>
</svg>米(见图<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jtr/2010/726098/fig4/" target="_blank">4</gydF4y2Baa>)。</gydF4y2Bap>
<div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig2">
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<img alt="" name="726098.fig.002" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/jtr/volume-2010/726098/figures/726098.fig.002.jpg">
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<span class="caption-text">图2</gydF4y2Baspan>
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<div class="floats-partial-caption-text">
<sup>3</gydF4y2Basup>
<math id="M75" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<mrow>
<mi>
μ</米我>
</mrow>
</math>
<math id="M76" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
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<math id="M77" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
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<mi>
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<table>
苯丙氨酸的氨基酸和iodothyronines对吸收的影响3 t3-l1脂肪细胞。(gydF4y2Ba在5 H]苯丙氨酸吸收测量gydF4y2BaM / 3分钟没有(控制)或10的存在gydF4y2BaM iodothyronine或10毫米的氨基酸吸收缓冲区。值表示gydF4y2BaSEM 3测量(除表示)%的控制流量。* *gydF4y2Ba;值明显不同于控制使用Dunnett的多重比较检验。</tgydF4y2Baable>
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<img alt="" name="726098.fig.003" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/jtr/volume-2010/726098/figures/726098.fig.003.jpg">
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<span class="caption-text">图3</gydF4y2Baspan>
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<sup>3</gydF4y2Basup>
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μ</米我>
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<math id="M80" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
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μ</米我>
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<math id="M81" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
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<mo>
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<sup>3</gydF4y2Basup>
<math id="M82" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
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<math id="M86" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<mrow>
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<sup>1</gydF4y2Basup>
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<sup>1</gydF4y2Basup>
<math id="M88" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
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<mi>
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<mn>
6</米n>
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<table>
饱和苯丙氨酸3 t3-l1脂肪细胞吸收。吸收的gydF4y2BaH]苯丙氨酸/ 3分钟5之间不同的苯丙氨酸浓度表示(1gydF4y2Ba米和500gydF4y2BaM)测量。值显示gydF4y2BaSEM 3代表性的实验测量,表达的不饱和的组件吸收移除。图插图显示了Lineweaver-Burk阴谋有关(gydF4y2BaH]苯丙氨酸摄取(不饱和的校正组件)对外部苯丙氨酸浓度。整个数据提供估计31日日gydF4y2BaM和2。6gydF4y2Ba0。5n米olgydF4y2Ba毫克的蛋白质gydF4y2Ba最小值(gydF4y2Ba平均gydF4y2Ba扫描电镜、gydF4y2Ba)。</tgydF4y2Baable>
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<img alt="" name="726098.fig.004" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/jtr/volume-2010/726098/figures/726098.fig.004.jpg">
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<div class="floats-partial-caption">
<span class="caption-text">图4</gydF4y2Baspan>
<a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jtr/2010/726098/fig4/" title="" target="_blank"></a>
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<div class="floats-partial-caption-text">
<sup>3</gydF4y2Basup>
<math id="M90" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<mrow>
<mi>
μ</米我>
</mrow>
</math>
<sub>3</gydF4y2Basub>
<math id="M91" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<mrow>
<mi>
μ</米我>
</mrow>
</math>
<sub>3</gydF4y2Basub>
<math id="M92" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<mrow>
<mi>
μ</米我>
</mrow>
</math>
<sub>3</gydF4y2Basub>
<math id="M93" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<mrow>
<msub>
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<mi>
K</米我>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mi>
我</米我>
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</msub>
</mrow>
</math>
<sub>3</gydF4y2Basub>
<table>
在苯丙氨酸浓度依赖性的抑制作用tri-iodothyronine 3 t3-l1脂肪细胞吸收。吸收的gydF4y2Ba在5 H]苯基丙氨酸测定gydF4y2BaM / 3分钟的7个不同的TgydF4y2Ba浓度表示(100点和10之间gydF4y2Ba米)。值表示为%的控制苯丙氨酸摄取(以T的缺失gydF4y2Ba)。虚线表明,50%抑制达到1.2M T,gggydF4y2BaydF4y2BaydF4y2Ba估计gydF4y2Ba对于TgydF4y2Ba在这些细胞抑制苯丙氨酸的吸收。</tgydF4y2Baable>
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<h5 id="sec3.3">3.3。苯丙氨酸流出</gydF4y2Bah5>
<p>半对数的块预加载的累计损失<gydF4y2Basup>3</gydF4y2Basup>H]苯丙氨酸从3 t3-l1细胞示踪显示初始射流被一个速率常数(见图<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jtr/2010/726098/fig5/" target="_blank">5(一个)</gydF4y2Baa>),表明苯丙氨酸在很大程度上从一个被释放,自由兑换时细胞内池。流出的预装L - (<gydF4y2Basup>3</gydF4y2Basup>从3 H]苯丙氨酸t3-l1脂肪细胞<我>反式</我>浓度的方式刺激由外部亮氨酸(图<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jtr/2010/726098/fig5/" target="_blank">5(一个)</gydF4y2Baa>)。白氨酸和色氨酸(包括系统L基质)的刺激能够产生超过20倍基苯基丙氨酸流出(图<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jtr/2010/726098/fig5/" target="_blank">5 (b)</gydF4y2Baa>)。T<gydF4y2Basub>3</gydF4y2Basub>已知的基质系统L1氨基酸运输,所以我们研究T的能力<gydF4y2Basub>3</gydF4y2Basub>来<我>反式</我>苯丙氨酸刺激流出。T<gydF4y2Basub>3</gydF4y2Basub>无法显著<我>反式</我>刺激L - (<gydF4y2Basup>3</gydF4y2Basup>H]苯丙氨酸射流在10<gydF4y2Basvg height="12.175" id="M94" style="vertical-align:-3.56265pt;width:9.5625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.5625 12.175" width="9.5625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,7.675)">
<use xlink:href="#x1D707"></use>
</g>
</svg>米(T的浓度接近极限<gydF4y2Basub>3</gydF4y2Basub>溶解度在培养基),尽管它抑制了<我>反式</我>刺激的效果十<gydF4y2Basvg height="12.175" id="M95" style="vertical-align:-3.56265pt;width:9.5625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.5625 12.175" width="9.5625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,7.675)">
<use xlink:href="#x1D707"></use>
</g>
</svg>M亮氨酸(见图<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jtr/2010/726098/fig6/" target="_blank">6(一)</gydF4y2Baa>)。rT<gydF4y2Basub>3</gydF4y2Basub>也抑制了<我>反式</我>刺激的效果十<gydF4y2Basvg height="12.175" id="M96" style="vertical-align:-3.56265pt;width:9.5625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.5625 12.175" width="9.5625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,7.675)">
<use xlink:href="#x1D707"></use>
</g>
</svg>M亮氨酸,尽管T<gydF4y2Basub>4</gydF4y2Basub>没有任何重要程度(图<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jtr/2010/726098/fig6/" target="_blank">6(一)</gydF4y2Baa>)。T<gydF4y2Basub>3</gydF4y2Basub>模拟双向可控硅(不与系统L1)没有影响基底或leucine-stimulated苯丙氨酸流出。T的影响<gydF4y2Basub>3</gydF4y2Basub>在亮氨酸<我>反式</我>苯丙氨酸刺激流出被发现浓度依赖(见图<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jtr/2010/726098/fig6/" target="_blank">6 (b)</gydF4y2Baa>),3.2<gydF4y2Basvg height="12.175" id="M97" style="vertical-align:-3.56265pt;width:9.5625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.5625 12.175" width="9.5625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,7.675)">
<use xlink:href="#x1D707"></use>
</g>
</svg>M T<gydF4y2Basub>3</gydF4y2Basub>能抑制50%的10<gydF4y2Basvg height="12.175" id="M98" style="vertical-align:-3.56265pt;width:9.5625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.5625 12.175" width="9.5625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,7.675)">
<use xlink:href="#x1D707"></use>
</g>
</svg>M亮氨酸<我>反式</我>苯丙氨酸刺激流出,展示T的相对较高的亲和力<gydF4y2Basub>3</gydF4y2Basub>这种交互。</gydF4y2Bap>
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<img alt="(一)”name="726098.fig.005a" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/jtr/volume-2010/726098/figures/726098.fig.005a.jpg">
<br>
<strong>(一)</gydF4y2Bastrong>
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<strong>(b)</gydF4y2Bastrong>
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<button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(a)"><img alt="(一)”name="726098.fig.005a" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/jtr/volume-2010/726098/figures/726098.fig.005a.jpg"><br><strong>(一)</gydF4y2Bastrong></button>
<button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(b)"><img alt="(b)”name="726098.fig.005b" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/jtr/volume-2010/726098/figures/726098.fig.005b.jpg"><br><strong>(b)</gydF4y2Bastrong></button>
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<span class="caption-text">图5</gydF4y2Baspan>
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<i>反式</我>
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05年</米n>
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<table>
苯丙氨酸射流从3 t3-l1脂肪细胞。(一)苯丙氨酸流出的显示时间gydF4y2Ba亮氨酸的刺激效应。的累积释放gydF4y2BaH]苯丙氨酸从细胞加载与示踪剂的存在与否是衡量细胞外亮氨酸时间表示。测量值显示为6 - 18±SEM(小误差是被符号)。gydF4y2Ba代表了手机辐射的实验gydF4y2Ba是,在时间gydF4y2Ba从累积的总和,计算放射性示踪剂在媒介和残余细胞放射性。流出的速率常数是作为最适合线的梯度。(b)的影响外部氨基酸苯丙氨酸流出的速率常数。酒吧显示速率常数计算(a)和所述误差代表SEM的梯度最适合线。*,**gggydF4y2BaydF4y2BaydF4y2Ba;值显著不同基底值。</tgydF4y2Baable>
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<strong>(一)</gydF4y2Bastrong>
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<strong>(b)</gydF4y2Bastrong>
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<span class="caption-text">图6</gydF4y2Baspan>
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<i>反式</我>
<i>反式</我>
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三碘甲状腺氨酸抑制了gydF4y2Ba刺激亮氨酸对苯丙氨酸的影响射流从3 t3-l1脂肪细胞。(一)iodothyronines对亮氨酸的影响gydF4y2Ba苯丙氨酸的刺激流出。发布预加载的gydF4y2BaH]苯丙氨酸示踪剂从细胞以10的存在与否gydF4y2BaM亮氨酸TgydF4y2BaTgydF4y2Ba,rTgggydF4y2BaydF4y2BaydF4y2Ba或双向可控硅(每10点gydF4y2Ba米)。流出的速率常数计算作为图的描述gydF4y2Ba从控制和速率常数的变化(gydF4y2Ba速率常数)被减去计算控制流出(没有亮氨酸)和亮氨酸的存在gydF4y2Baiodothyronine /双向可控硅。值显示gydF4y2Ba扫描电镜测量12 - 18。*,**gggydF4y2BaydF4y2BaydF4y2Ba;值明显不同于控制(仅亮氨酸)值。(b) T的浓度依赖性gydF4y2Ba抑制亮氨酸gydF4y2Ba刺激了苯丙氨酸流出。发布预加载的gydF4y2BaH]苯丙氨酸从细胞示踪剂测定在10gydF4y2BaM亮氨酸5gydF4y2Ba种不同的TgydF4y2Ba浓度(1 - 5所示gydF4y2Ba米)表示。流出的速率常数计算作为图的描述gydF4y2Ba然后流出的比例仅在亮氨酸的存在。值显示gydF4y2BaSEM 6测量(数据点模糊误差)。虚线表明抑制10 50%gydF4y2BaM亮氨酸gydF4y2Ba苯丙氨酸刺激流出达到3.2gydF4y2BaM TgydF4y2Ba。</tgydF4y2Baable>
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<h5 id="sec3.4">3.4。转运蛋白mRNA表达</gydF4y2Bah5>
<p>我们发现mRNA LAT1,但不是LAT2(另一种催化亚基生产系统L1-type氨基酸运输)使用rt - pcr(参见图3 t3-l1细胞<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jtr/2010/726098/fig7/" target="_blank">7</gydF4y2Baa>)。</gydF4y2Bap>
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<span class="caption-text">图7</gydF4y2Baspan>
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的催化亚基LAT1系统L1运输、表达3 t3-l1脂肪细胞在mRNA水平但LAT2并非如此。逆转录酶聚合酶链反应(rt - PCR)使用gene-specific引物设计对LAT1或LAT2与模板进行RNA提取的互补脱氧核糖核酸生产3 t3-l1脂肪细胞。样本分离用2%琼脂糖和1 kb分子量标记(罗氏应用科学)。(一)LAT1 mRNA表达3 t3-l1脂肪细胞。琼脂糖凝胶电泳后,观察一群150个基点的预期使用LAT1-specific引物PCR扩增子的详细的文本。(b) LAT2 mRNA表达的不是3 t3-l1脂肪细胞。琼脂糖凝胶电泳后,没有发现当3 t3-l1-derived cDNA PCR扩增子作为一个模板。但是,使用LAT2-specfic PCR引物互补脱氧核糖核酸来源于鼠骨骼肌并放大预期大小的一个乐队(465个基点),如图所示,这表明所使用的引物的功能。</tgydF4y2Baable>
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<h4 id="discussion">4所示。讨论</gydF4y2Bah4>
<p>3 t3-l1细胞文化作为一个得到了广泛应用<我>在体外</我>模型系统研究白色脂肪组织(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B21">21</gydF4y2Baa>),目前的结果表明,甲状腺激素L-T的饱和吸收<gydF4y2Basub>3</gydF4y2Basub>pre-adipocytes和终末分化3 t3-l1脂肪细胞发生很大程度上由LNAA机制抑制亮氨酸,衬底的多功能系统L1交通系统共享LNAA和iodothyronines(见[<gydF4y2Baa href="#B6">6</gydF4y2Baa>]审查)。似乎饱和吸收过程的主要路线细胞基因组信号的条目<我>通过</我>甲状腺受体在动物细胞(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B7">7</gydF4y2Baa>]。似乎没有改变饱和T的函数表达式<gydF4y2Basub>3</gydF4y2Basub>运输在脂肪细胞分化(至少3 t3-l1细胞),这也许是令人吃惊,因为T<gydF4y2Basub>3</gydF4y2Basub>是重要的分化过程本身的控制以及成熟的脂肪细胞功能(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B10">10</gydF4y2Baa>]。T的不饱和的“吸收”<gydF4y2Basub>3</gydF4y2Basub>成脂肪细胞包括表面绑定(大概分泌脂质和脂蛋白)和分区的脂质双分子层以及被动扩散进入细胞溶质(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B15">15</gydF4y2Baa>]。运输的苯丙氨酸(代表LNAA的基质系统L1, L2和T) 3 t3-l1脂肪细胞符合几乎完全与“古典”系统L1-type函数作为由LAT1 [<gydF4y2Baa href="#B23">23</gydF4y2Baa>),(我)苯丙氨酸涌入<gydF4y2Basvg height="15.4" id="M118" style="vertical-align:-3.3907pt;width:23.325001px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 23.325001 15.4" width="23.325001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.112)">
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<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,13.25,15.187)">
<use xlink:href="#x1D45A"></use>
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</svg>在较低的微摩尔的范围(31<gydF4y2Basvg height="12.175" id="M119" style="vertical-align:-3.56265pt;width:9.5625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.5625 12.175" width="9.5625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,7.675)">
<use xlink:href="#x1D707"></use>
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</svg>米),(2)它是被BCH (iii)和苯丙氨酸流出明显<我>反式</我>浓度的方式刺激白氨酸和色氨酸(符合系统L1的义务交换机制(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B24">24</gydF4y2Baa>])。这些特性明显不同于其他可能的贡献者苯丙氨酸运输,特别是因为(我)系统L2 (LAT3 / LAT4)不承认色氨酸作为底物(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B25">25</gydF4y2Baa>,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B26">26</gydF4y2Baa>),(ii)系统T (MCT10,最初名为TAT1)不承认亮氨酸作为底物(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B27">27</gydF4y2Baa>,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B28">28</gydF4y2Baa>),(3)LAT3 LAT4, MCT10利用使便利的扩散而非交流机制(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B25">25</gydF4y2Baa>- - - - - -<gydF4y2Baa href="#B27">27</gydF4y2Baa>]。苯丙氨酸摄取3 t3-l1竞争性抑制了T细胞<gydF4y2Basub>3</gydF4y2Basub>(<gydF4y2Basvg height="15.4" id="M120" style="vertical-align:-3.3907pt;width:17.1875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.1875 15.4" width="17.1875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.112)">
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<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,13.25,15.187)">
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</svg>的1 - 2<gydF4y2Basvg height="12.175" id="M121" style="vertical-align:-3.56265pt;width:9.5625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.5625 12.175" width="9.5625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,7.675)">
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</svg>米)和rT<gydF4y2Basub>3</gydF4y2Basub>的方式符合预期基质交互LAT1系统L1运输车(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B29">29日</gydF4y2Baa>- - - - - -<gydF4y2Baa href="#B32">32</gydF4y2Baa>]。这个强大的竞争互动iodothyronines和LNAA运输系统L1 3 t3-l1小鼠脂肪细胞是符合我们之前的研究使用白色脂肪细胞从老鼠<gydF4y2Baa href="#B15">15</gydF4y2Baa>),尽管T的抑制作用相对较弱<gydF4y2Basub>4</gydF4y2Basub>在目前的研究可能反映了小种专一性差异的相对亲和力不同LAT1 TH。的<gydF4y2Basvg height="15.4" id="M122" style="vertical-align:-3.3907pt;width:37.912498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 37.912498 15.4" width="37.912498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.112)">
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<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,27.644,15.187)">
<use xlink:href="#x78"></use>
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</svg>苯丙氨酸运输在3 (2.6 nmol t3-l1细胞<gydF4y2Basvg height="5.4499998" id="M123" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:4px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 4 5.4499998" width="4" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,5.388)">
<use xlink:href="#x22C5"></use>
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</svg>毫克的蛋白质<gydF4y2Basup>1</gydF4y2Basup>
<svg height="5.4499998" id="M124" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:4px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 4 5.4499998" width="4" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,5.388)">
<use xlink:href="#x22C5"></use>
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</svg>最小值<gydF4y2Basup>1</gydF4y2Basup>)大致相当于50 pmol<gydF4y2Basvg height="5.4499998" id="M125" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:4px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 4 5.4499998" width="4" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,5.388)">
<use xlink:href="#x22C5"></use>
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</svg>10<gydF4y2Basup>5</gydF4y2Basup>细胞<gydF4y2Basup>1</gydF4y2Basup>
<svg height="5.4499998" id="M126" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:4px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 4 5.4499998" width="4" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,5.388)">
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</svg>最小值<gydF4y2Basup>1</gydF4y2Basup>,一个值相同的数量级,测量系统L1运输在大鼠脂肪细胞<gydF4y2Baa href="#B15">15</gydF4y2Baa>]。</gydF4y2Bap>
<p>总的来说,我们的研究结果表明,Na<gydF4y2Basup>+</gydF4y2Basup>独立系统L1运输车大大有助于iodothyronine和LNAA运输3 t3-l1脂肪细胞,从而交付从等离子体TH细胞溶质,最终他们到达细胞核。系统L1已被证明是一个重要的效应(T)<gydF4y2Basub>3</gydF4y2Basub>在大脑组织包括胎盘和运输以及脂肪([<gydF4y2Baa href="#B6">6</gydF4y2Baa>]审查)。LAT1和LAT2替代催化蛋白质亚基的基因编码系统L1和这些函数与4 f2hc / CD98形成(见[<gydF4y2Baa href="#B23">23</gydF4y2Baa>]审查)。LAT1和LAT2调解吸收iodothyronines以及LNAA [<gydF4y2Baa href="#B30">30.</gydF4y2Baa>,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B31">31日</gydF4y2Baa>]虽然都是在大鼠脂肪细胞中表达<gydF4y2Baa href="#B16">16</gydF4y2Baa>),似乎只有LAT1表示在mRNA水平3 t3-l1细胞。我们的交通研究还显示的主要功能表达式3 t3-l1 LAT1细胞。的<gydF4y2Basvg height="15.4" id="M127" style="vertical-align:-3.3907pt;width:23.325001px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 23.325001 15.4" width="23.325001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
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<use xlink:href="#x1D43E"></use>
</g>
<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,13.25,15.187)">
<use xlink:href="#x1D45A"></use>
</g>
</svg>值获得iodothyronine运输系统L1大大低于测量LNAA运输,帮助T<gydF4y2Basub>3</gydF4y2Basub>特别是与氨基酸运输有效竞争在生理条件下(见[<gydF4y2Baa href="#B6">6</gydF4y2Baa>]审查)。高亲和性受体的T<gydF4y2Basub>4</gydF4y2Basub>和T<gydF4y2Basub>3</gydF4y2Basub>已确定与脂肪细胞的质膜<gydF4y2Baa href="#B33">33</gydF4y2Baa>),这些也可能促进优惠iodothyronine吸收(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B15">15</gydF4y2Baa>]。据我们所知,T<gydF4y2Basub>3</gydF4y2Basub>是最强大的系统L1在哺乳动物体内的天然抑制剂(和轻松超过广泛使用合成抑制剂BCH的吗<gydF4y2Basvg height="15.4" id="M128" style="vertical-align:-3.3907pt;width:17.1875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.1875 15.4" width="17.1875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.112)">
<use xlink:href="#x1D43E"></use>
</g>
<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,13.25,15.187)">
<use xlink:href="#x1D456"></use>
</g>
</svg>,如果不是特异性),尽管Brasilicardin化合物分离细菌最近被证明与摩尔抑制能力(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B34">34</gydF4y2Baa>]。鉴于系统L1抑制剂作为免疫抑制剂的治疗潜力和抗癌药物<gydF4y2Baa href="#B34">34</gydF4y2Baa>,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B35">35</gydF4y2Baa>),人们很容易认为iodothyronine骨架可能被用作模板非常具体的改进设计,non-TH活跃,系统L1抑制剂。反向T<gydF4y2Basub>3</gydF4y2Basub>但不是双向可控硅(T<gydF4y2Basub>3</gydF4y2Basub>模拟缺乏一种氨基酸一半充当有效的甲状腺受体激动剂)与系统L1脂肪细胞相互作用,证明结构特异性系统L1显然不同于核的甲状腺激素受体。双向可控硅选择性地刺激脂肪组织的代谢率<我>在活的有机体内</我>,一个功能视为一个潜在的工具来增加整个身体能量代谢(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B13">13</gydF4y2Baa>]。从我们的研究结果看来,双向可控硅进入脂肪细胞通过不同的机制来T<gydF4y2Basub>3</gydF4y2Basub>,这可能有助于解释为什么双向可控硅为老鼠积累在白色脂肪组织即使coadministered高T<gydF4y2Basub>3</gydF4y2Basub>剂量(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B13">13</gydF4y2Baa>]。</gydF4y2Bap>
<p>笨重的T<gydF4y2Basub>3</gydF4y2Basub>分子有大幅减少<gydF4y2Basvg height="15.4" id="M129" style="vertical-align:-3.3907pt;width:37.912498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 37.912498 15.4" width="37.912498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.112)">
<use xlink:href="#x1D449"></use>
</g>
<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,12.675,15.187)">
<use xlink:href="#x6D"></use>
</g>
<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,22.42,15.187)">
<use xlink:href="#x61"></use>
</g>
<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,27.644,15.187)">
<use xlink:href="#x78"></use>
</g>
</svg>运输系统L1 LNAA[相比<gydF4y2Baa href="#B30">30.</gydF4y2Baa>),这样它的特定的相互作用系统L1运输可能竞争性抑制不仅流入,流出的衬底LNAA减速运输周期的构象变化(注意T的抑制作用<gydF4y2Basub>3</gydF4y2Basub>在leucine-induced<我>反式</我>苯丙氨酸的刺激流出3 t3-l1细胞)。然而,系统的的交流机制L1运输车应该允许有限LNAA-iodothyronine或T<gydF4y2Basub>4</gydF4y2Basub>- t<gydF4y2Basub>3</gydF4y2Basub>/ rT<gydF4y2Basub>3</gydF4y2Basub>交流在脂肪细胞的质膜和我们确实观察到一个小<我>反式</我>刺激饱和L-T<gydF4y2Basub>3</gydF4y2Basub>3 t3-l1脂肪细胞吸收preincubated亮氨酸。脂肪组织在这方面是值得注意的<我>在活的有机体内</我>释放少量的LNAA [<gydF4y2Baa href="#B36">36</gydF4y2Baa>]。白色脂肪组织仓库有能力deiodinate iodothyronines(尤其是rT<gydF4y2Basub>3</gydF4y2Basub>)[<gydF4y2Baa href="#B37">37</gydF4y2Baa>,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B38">38</gydF4y2Baa>),因此可以想象,监管iodothyronine营业额在脂肪细胞通过这个途径将大大有助于全身T的调制<gydF4y2Basub>4</gydF4y2Basub>rt<gydF4y2Basub>3</gydF4y2Basub>新陈代谢,也许特别是肥胖者。iodothyronine的差别在这方面,对这些系统L1脂肪细胞吸收的甲状腺,先前报道从甲状腺大鼠脂肪细胞(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B15">15</gydF4y2Baa>),会减少脂肪组织的敏感性的荷尔蒙激活但可能有助于保护激素和碘可用性其他组织通过减少脂肪组织的退化。生理血浆LNAA浓度的变化,发生在自然喂养周期,可能会影响运输和行动在脂肪(和其他组织系统L1是主要的TH运输车)。</gydF4y2Bap>
<h4 id="abbreviations">缩写</gydF4y2Bah4>
<table class="gloss-abbr">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>BCAA:</tgydF4y2Bad>
<td>支链氨基酸</tgydF4y2Bad>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>BCH:</tgydF4y2Bad>
<td>2-amino [<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.9125" id="M130" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:8.2875004px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.2875004 10.9125" width="8.2875004" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,10.862)">
<use xlink:href="#x32"></use>
</g>
</svg>、2、1]heptane-2-carboxylic酸</tgydF4y2Bad>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>T<gydF4y2Basub>3</gydF4y2Basub>:</tgydF4y2Bad>
<td>L-triiodothyronine</tgydF4y2Bad>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>T<gydF4y2Basub>4</gydF4y2Basub>:</tgydF4y2Bad>
<td>甲状腺素</tgydF4y2Bad>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>rT<gydF4y2Basub>3</gydF4y2Basub>:</tgydF4y2Bad>
<td>反向L-triiodothyronine</tgydF4y2Bad>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>TH:</tgydF4y2Bad>
<td>甲状腺激素</tgydF4y2Bad>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>双向可控硅:</tgydF4y2Bad>
<td>triiodothyroacetic酸。</tgydF4y2Bad>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h4 id="acknowledgments">确认</gydF4y2Bah4>
<p>本文得到了英国BBSRC (FEM)和英国生理社会(政治)。3 t3-l1细胞的礼物埃里克•Hajduch de矫揉造作的des Cordeliers中心,巴黎,法国。</gydF4y2Bap>
</div>
<div class="xml-content">
<h4 class="references" id="references">引用</gydF4y2Bah4>
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<li id="B19">h·l·福克斯·t·范教授s r·金伯尔l·s·杰佛逊和c·j·林奇,“氨基酸对转化的影响抑制因子4 e - bp1在孤立的脂肪细胞,介导主要由L-leucine”<我>美国生理学杂志》上</我>,卷275,不。5,C1232-C1238, 1998页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Amino%20acid%20effects%20on%20translational%20repressor%204E-BP1%20are%20mediated%20primarily%20by%20L-leucine%20in%20isolated%20adipocytes&author=H. L. Fox&author=P. T. Pham&author=S. R. Kimball&author=L. S. Jefferson&author=&author=C. J. Lynch&publication_year=1998" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li>
<li id="B20">m . s .奥谢阿尔瓦雷斯,“3 t3细胞adipocytic转换,“<我>Archivos de Investigacion》</我>,22卷,不。2、235 - 244年,1991页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=3T3%20cells%20in%20adipocytic%20conversion&author=M. S. O'Shea Alvarez&publication_year=1991" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li>
<li id="B21">t·c·奥托·m·d·莱恩,“脂肪发展:从干细胞向脂肪细胞。”<我>生物化学和分子生物学的关键评论</我>,40卷,不。4、229 - 242年,2005页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://doi.org/10.1080/10409230591008189">出版商的网站</gydF4y2Baa><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Adipose%20development:%20from%20stem%20cell%20to%20adipocyte&author=T. C. Otto &author=M. D. Lane&publication_year=2005" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li>
<li id="B22">r·海德·g·r·克里斯蒂·g·j·e·Hajduch利特·m·泰勒和h s Hundal“亚细胞定位和自适应系统的老年病(SAT2)氨基酸转运蛋白在骨骼肌细胞和脂肪细胞,”<我>生物化学杂志</我>,卷355,不。3、563 - 568年,2001页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Subcellular%20localization%20and%20adaptive%20up-regulation%20of%20the%20system%20A%20(SAT2)%20amino%20acid%20transporter%20in%20skeletal-muscle%20cells%20and%20adipocytes&author=R. Hyde&author=G. R. Christie&author=G. J. Litherland&author=E. Hajduch&author=P. M. Taylor&author=&author=H. S. Hundal&publication_year=2001" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li>
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<li id="B27">斋月t, s·m·r·Camargo诉总结et al .,“管基底芳香族氨基酸转运TAT1 (Slc16a10)函数作为一个流出途径,”<我>细胞生理学杂志</我>,卷206,不。3、771 - 779年,2006页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://doi.org/10.1002/jcp.20531">出版商的网站</gydF4y2Baa><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Basolateral%20aromatic%20amino%20acid%20transporter%20TAT1%20(Slc16a10)%20functions%20as%20an%20efflux%20pathway&author=T. Ramadan&author=S. M. R. Camargo&author=V. Summa et al.&publication_year=2006" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li>
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<li id="B29">a . m .米切尔k·a·罗文s . w . Manley r·h·莫蒂默,“比较机制调节吸收和流出的甲状腺激素在人类绒毛膜癌细胞系,罐子,“<我>内分泌学杂志》</我>,卷161,不。1,第113 - 107页,1999。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Comparison%20of%20mechanisms%20mediating%20uptake%20and%20efflux%20of%20thyroid%20hormones%20in%20the%20human%20choriocarcinoma%20cell%20line,%20JAR&author=A. M. Mitchell&author=K. A. Rowan&author=S. W. Manley&author=&author=R. H. Mortimer&publication_year=1999" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li>
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</msup>
</mrow>
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