使用拉曼光谱对子痫前期的调查</gydF4y2Batitle> <link rel="preload stylesheet" as="style" type="text/css" href="https://cdn.bibblio.org/rcm/4.28.0/bib-related-content.min.css"> <link rel="preload" href="https://static.hindawi.com/new/next_assets/2023-08-03-0017a694320dbe69a559e8120be98c/_next/static/css/b2661f2cd4bd618b.css" as="style"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://static.hindawi.com/new/next_assets/2023-08-03-0017a694320dbe69a559e8120be98c/_next/static/css/b2661f2cd4bd618b.css" data-n-g=""> <style id="__jsx-903e4b2e5d3241e4">div#__next{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-moz-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;min-height:100vh;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;-webkit-box-direction:normal;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-moz-box-orient:vertical;-moz-box-direction:normal;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column}</style> </head> <body> <div id="__next"> <section class="ant-layout"> <div> <header class="ant-layout-header"> <div class="header__width-wrapper"> <div 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class="articleHeader__authors_author"><strong>Gunay Başar</gydF4y2Bastrong><a href="//www.newsama.com/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection" aria-label="Mail Option"><span role="img" class="anticon"> <svg version="1.0" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em" viewbox="0 0 1401 1101"> <path fill="#6ba439" d="M132.5 2.1C101.4 6 71.1 20.5 48.3 42.4c-22.7 21.7-37.5 48.3-44.6 80l-2.2 10.1v837l2.2 10.1c6.7 30 19.3 53.9 39.8 75.3 23.3 24.3 56.4 40.9 90 45 12.8 1.6 1122.2 1.6 1135 0 38.9-4.8 75.9-25.6 100-56.4 15-19.3 24.2-39 29.8-63.9l2.2-10.1v-837l-2.2-10.1c-7.1-31.8-21.9-58.3-44.6-80.1-20.2-19.2-43.9-31.7-73.6-38.5l-9.6-2.3L705 1.4c-321.9-.1-568.5.2-572.5.7zm1123.4 99.5c1.7.4 3.1 1 3.1 1.4 0 .5-125.6 87.7-279 194L700.9 490.2 422 297C268.5 190.7 143 103.4 143 103c0-.5 1-1.1 2.3-1.3 3.5-.7 1107.1-.8 1110.6-.1zM401 404c164.4 113.8 299.4 207 300 207 .6 0 135.6-93.2 300.1-207 164.5-113.9 299.3-207 299.5-207 .2 0 .4 170.9.4 379.7 0 417.9.5 386-6.1 398.3-6.2 11.6-19 21.4-31.9 24.4-5.8 1.4-67.4 1.6-562 1.6s-556.2-.2-562-1.6c-12.9-3-25.7-12.8-31.9-24.4-6.6-12.3-6.1 19.6-6.1-398.3 0-208.8.2-379.7.5-379.7S236.6 290.1 401 404z"></path> </svg></span></a>,<gydF4y2Basup>1</gydF4y2Basup></span> <span class="articleHeader__authors_author">Uğur Parlatan<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<gydF4y2Basup>1、2</gydF4y2Basup></span> <span class="articleHeader__authors_author">ŞeymaŞeninak<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<gydF4y2Basup>3</gydF4y2Basup></span> <span class="articleHeader__authors_author">大号居<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<gydF4y2Basup>4</gydF4y2Basup></span> <span class="articleHeader__authors_author">阿里Benian<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<gydF4y2Basup>5</gydF4y2Basup></span> <span class="articleHeader__authors_author">和<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->İbrahim Kalelioğlu<gydF4y2Basup>6</gydF4y2Basup></span> </div> <div class="simpleShowMore"> <button class="simpleShowMore__button">显示更多</gydF4y2Babutton> </div> <div class="articleHeader__timeline"> <div class="articleHeader__timeline_item articleHeader__timeline_item_sticky"> <strong>发表</gydF4y2Bastrong> <span>2012年6月13日</gydF4y2Baspan> </div> </div> </div> <div class="articleBody"> <div class="xml-content"> <h4 class="header" id="abstract">文摘</gydF4y2Bah4> <p>子痫前期与围产期发病率和死亡率增加有关。有很多努力确定子痫前期生物标志物的生物物理、生物化学和光谱方法。在这项研究中,子痫前期和对照组相比,通过带成分分析和多变量分析使用拉曼光谱作为一种替代技术。血清样本的拉曼光谱从九preeclamptic,十个健康的孕妇。乐队成分分析和主成分analysis-linear判别分析是应用于所有后光谱敏感的预处理步骤。使用线性判别分析,发现拉曼光谱的敏感性为78%,特异性为90%为子痫前期的诊断。通过乐队成分分析、光谱的显著差异preeclamptic观察患者与对照组相比。19拉曼强度乐队表现出显著差异,其中11,其中八的增加而减少。这种差异在振动带可用于进一步的研究来阐明子痫前期的病理生理学。</gydF4y2Bap> <span class="end-abs"></span> <h4 id="introduction">1。介绍</gydF4y2Bah4> <p>子痫前期是一种怀孕特有紊乱,影响多达15%的怀孕。疾病的具体情况可以被定义为高血压(≥140/90毫米汞柱)和蛋白尿。这些条件发生怀孕(20-22th一周后<gydF4y2Baa href="#B1">1</gydF4y2Baa>]。子痫前期给母亲和婴儿带来的风险,导致产妇发病率和胎儿死亡率(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B2">2</gydF4y2Baa>]。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>子痫前期的病因之一,被认为是缺乏抗氧化剂(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B3">3</gydF4y2Baa>]。自由基或活性氧脂质和蛋白质相互作用可能会导致脂质过氧化作用[<gydF4y2Baa href="#B4">4</gydF4y2Baa>)和蛋白质改性(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B5">5</gydF4y2Baa>]。建议改变脂质和蛋白质含量与氧化应激和血管功能障碍在子痫前期<gydF4y2Baa href="#B4">4</gydF4y2Baa>]。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>子痫前期的病因和病理仍研究者极大的兴趣。有很多努力确定子痫前期生物标记采用生物物理、生物化学和光谱方法。涅洛et al。<gydF4y2Baa href="#B6">6</gydF4y2Baa>]使用高效液相色谱荧光法预测子痫前期血清生物标志物和报道自由氨基酸的含量,降低子痫前期患者特别是精氨酸水平显著下降。另一方面,Glew et al。<gydF4y2Baa href="#B7">7</gydF4y2Baa>)发现的氨基酸水平之间无显著差异preeclamptic和对照组的血浆样品。相反,Lopez-Quesada [<gydF4y2Baa href="#B8">8</gydF4y2Baa>]在大多数氨基酸水平都有所增加。特纳et al。<gydF4y2Baa href="#B9">9</gydF4y2Baa>)获得更高的酪氨酸、组氨酸和苯丙氨酸浓度preeclamptic血浆样品用核磁共振光谱学。在另一项研究[<gydF4y2Baa href="#B10">10</gydF4y2Baa>),他们报道低脂质浓度preeclamptic血浆样本。相反,有研究报道preeclamptic患者的血清脂质水平升高。罗宾逊et al。<gydF4y2Baa href="#B11">11</gydF4y2Baa>]显示改变脂质代谢的特点是高甘油三酯和流通nonesterified游离脂肪酸在子痫前期。休博尔et al。<gydF4y2Baa href="#B12">12</gydF4y2Baa>)发现了一个粒度降低低密度脂蛋白和甘油三酯、游离脂肪酸、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇浓度在子痫前期。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>最近的一项研究,利用傅里叶变换红外光谱(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B13">13</gydF4y2Baa>]报道强度降低蛋白质乐队从冻干血清样本的光谱。此外,他们发现子痫前期和脂质参数之间的关系,如增加甘油三酯和降低脂蛋白胆固醇在子痫前期。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>可用的文学研究揭示了矛盾的看法决定这些生物标志物的血清体液从健康和preeclamptic女性。因此,有必要补充研究探索子痫前期的病理生理学。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>拉曼光谱是一种强有力的工具,使分子结构的信息。拉曼光谱是基于振动一个振动状态和一个虚拟的状态之间的转换作为光和分子的非弹性碰撞的结果。过渡线的频率和强度为每个分子振动特征可能提供大分子如蛋白质的构象的信息(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B14">14</gydF4y2Baa>,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B15">15</gydF4y2Baa>],核酸[<gydF4y2Baa href="#B16">16</gydF4y2Baa>,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B17">17</gydF4y2Baa>),和脂质<gydF4y2Baa href="#B18">18</gydF4y2Baa>,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B19">19</gydF4y2Baa>]。因此拉曼光谱可以被一个合适的工具,以确定生物标志物可能在疾病的病理生理机制中发挥作用。研究了几种疾病对人类体液如全血(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B20">20.</gydF4y2Baa>,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B21">21</gydF4y2Baa>和血清<gydF4y2Baa href="#B22">22</gydF4y2Baa>,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B23">23</gydF4y2Baa>利用拉曼光谱)。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>多元与拉曼光谱方法测定血清中某些组分的浓度或全血进行。偏最小二乘法(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B24">24</gydF4y2Baa>- - - - - -<gydF4y2Baa href="#B28">28</gydF4y2Baa>)是用来预测血液的浓度分析物包括葡萄糖、尿素、胆固醇、甘油三酯、总蛋白、白蛋白和血红蛋白。此外,许多研究已经阐明的诊断潜在的拉曼光谱结合多元分析技术几个疾病(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B29">29日</gydF4y2Baa>- - - - - -<gydF4y2Baa href="#B34">34</gydF4y2Baa>]。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>据我们所知,这是第一个拉曼光谱研究子痫前期存在的文学。在这项研究中,我们测量了拉曼光谱的血清样本取自preeclamptic和健康的女性。我们分析了测量光谱带成分分析和应用主成分analysis-linear判别分析(PCA-LDA)敏感的预处理步骤后发现preeclamptic之间的差异和健康女性。</gydF4y2Bap> <h4 id="materials-and-methods">2。材料和方法</gydF4y2Bah4> <h5 id="sec2.1">2.1。样本收集和准备</gydF4y2Bah5> <p>知情同意的研究是获得所有的妇女而言,伦理委员会批准了医学院,伊斯坦布尔大学。样本人口由十血压正常的女性没有潜在的医疗条件和9健康preeclamptic女性诊断Cerrahpasa医学教师,伊斯坦布尔大学。正常妊娠随访直到他们完成,并且没有发生子痫前期。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>采集的血液样本在10毫升凝胶管与3000转离心10分钟期间获得血清样本。每个血清样品制备两个整除在不同的两天分别测定来验证实验条件的稳定性。样本保存在−20°C和测量最大观测天七天。在埃普多夫管冻结血清样本解冻之前用手温暖拉曼测量。1毫升的血清样本准备在玻璃试管正常清洗每次测量。</gydF4y2Bap> <h5 id="sec2.2">2.2。实验</gydF4y2Bah5> <p>实验装置由785海里,100 mW单模激光二极管(CrystaLaser)和摄谱仪(<gydF4y2Basvg height="13.6125" id="M1" style="vertical-align:-2.34499pt;width:51.625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 51.625 13.6125" width="51.625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.6125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.11)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.402496" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.442884" y="0"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.694386" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.945885" y="0"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>毫米,<gydF4y2Basvg height="13.4875" id="M2" style="vertical-align:-2.34499pt;width:10.675px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 10.675 13.4875" width="10.675" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.4875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.21)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg># 4.3,和或)配备了600线/毫米光栅和TE冷却CCD (−90°C,和或iDus DU420A-OE)。法拉第隔离器(EOTech bb8 - 00011)被放置在前面的二极管激光器,以防止反射而引起不稳定对单纵模运行和激光的力量。激光线滤波器被用于获得一个清晰的激光发射(Semrock ll01 - 780 - 12.5)。激光定向,然后集中在样品通过合适的反射镜和透镜。从样本收集散射光在180°几何形状相同的镜头。样本的散射光过滤两次先后与拉曼边缘滤波器传输只有喇曼散射(非弹性散射)梁而它们反映了瑞利(弹性散射)。拉曼散射光束被插入到摄谱仪到100年<gydF4y2Bai>μ</gydF4y2Bai>m入口狭缝的消色差透镜焦距的镜头50毫米。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>38血清样本的拉曼光谱(九preeclamptic十健康;两个从每个病人)与30年代曝光时间拍摄,20在10分钟内连续扫描。样本上的激光功率约50 mW。宇宙射线切除后,20扫描平均每个样本。摄谱仪的波数校准了甲苯的参考乐队(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B35">35</gydF4y2Baa>]。甲苯拉曼光谱是一秒钟后血清样品的拉曼光谱应用发展迭代标定技术,最大限度地减少可能的光谱变化的影响在测量一天(s)。这些变化可能来自一些原因如温度、压力、湿度会影响二极管激光器,摄谱仪,光学组件。所有血清样本的平均拉曼光谱控制和preeclamptic团体和水的拉曼光谱图所示<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jspec/2012/376793/fig1/" target="_blank">1(一)</gydF4y2Baa>。水的拉曼光谱是在每测量一天的结束。宽从水中拉曼乐队在1640厘米左右<gydF4y2Basup>−1</gydF4y2Basup>从玻璃和其他广泛的乐队在1400厘米左右<gydF4y2Basup>−1</gydF4y2Basup>和1100厘米<gydF4y2Basup>−1</gydF4y2Basup>是可见的。然而,背景校正通过减去水从每个血清拉曼光谱谱可以消除这些干扰。</gydF4y2Bap> <div class="partial-carousel-wrapper"> <div class="floats-partial-section"> <div class="floats-partial-content"> <div class="partial-carousel--full-image partial-carousel-fdeccf8bda555ca3732a0f94ea47b7fa"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="(一)gydF4y2Ba" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/jspec/volume-2012/376793/figures/376793.fig.001a.jpg"> <br> <strong>(一)</gydF4y2Bastrong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="(b)gydF4y2Ba" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/jspec/volume-2012/376793/figures/376793.fig.001b.jpg"> <br> <strong>(b)</gydF4y2Bastrong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="(c)gydF4y2Ba" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/jspec/volume-2012/376793/figures/376793.fig.001c.jpg"> <br> <strong>(c)</gydF4y2Bastrong> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs"> <div class="partial-carousel-dots-fdeccf8bda555ca3732a0f94ea47b7fa partial-carousel-thumbnail"> <button aria-label="Slide to (a) " class="partial-carousel-dot"><img loading="lazy" alt="(一)gydF4y2Ba" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/jspec/volume-2012/376793/thumbnails/376793.fig.001a_th.jpg"><br><strong>(一)</gydF4y2Bastrong></button> <button aria-label="Slide to (b) " class="partial-carousel-dot"><img loading="lazy" alt="(b)gydF4y2Ba" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/jspec/volume-2012/376793/thumbnails/376793.fig.001b_th.jpg"><br><strong>(b)</gydF4y2Bastrong></button> <button aria-label="Slide to (c) " class="partial-carousel-dot"><img loading="lazy" alt="(c)gydF4y2Ba" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/jspec/volume-2012/376793/thumbnails/376793.fig.001c_th.jpg"><br><strong>(c)</gydF4y2Bastrong></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle--nav"> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev-fdeccf8bda555ca3732a0f94ea47b7fa partial-carousel-next-prev"> <button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-prev"></button> <button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-next"></button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图1</gydF4y2Baspan> <a aria-label="View full page" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jspec/2012/376793/fig1/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>(a)所有血清样本的原始意思是拉曼光谱对健康和preeclamptic组和水的拉曼光谱,拉曼光谱(b)的血清样本取自健康怀孕后水背景中减去,基线校正、矢量归一化和(c)拉曼光谱(虚线)的光谱的一部分(b)(标有虚线矩形),适合曲线(实线)和13乐队组件(其他颜色的线)。</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> <p>尽管激发的荧光可以显著降低在785 nm,源于大分子的残留荧光血清(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B36">36</gydF4y2Baa>),从玻璃和杂散光的贡献,应该取消。因此,基线修正应用三次样条曲线拟合每个光谱和减去从光谱曲线。相对应的波数构成的曲线的数据点被选出的基线是相同的为每个曲线以保证客观性的光谱处理。那么所有光谱向量归一化。基线校正、矢量归一化意味着控制样品的拉曼光谱图<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jspec/2012/376793/fig1/" target="_blank">1 (b)</gydF4y2Baa>。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>二阶导数光谱被用来确定组件的数量和初始位置下广泛的乐队。通过使用这些信息光谱都配备了一个沃伊特概要文件使用商业软件,8.0克/ AI,确定乐队强度和位置。图<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jspec/2012/376793/fig1/" target="_blank">1 (c)</gydF4y2Baa>是一个适合的图中给出的血清拉曼光谱的一部分吗<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jspec/2012/376793/fig1/" target="_blank">1 (b)</gydF4y2Baa>。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>此外,15个氨基酸的拉曼光谱,<gydF4y2Bai>β</gydF4y2Bai>胡萝卜素、葡萄糖、谷胱甘肽、腺嘌呤、尿素、血清白蛋白在水中(0.1米)分别测定来确定带的位置和强度。为例,0.1甘氨酸和L-leucine水的拉曼光谱图<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jspec/2012/376793/fig2/" target="_blank">2</gydF4y2Baa>血清样本的平均拉曼光谱的叠加对照组显示甘氨酸和亮氨酸乐队的贡献。这项工作中所使用的化学物质都是购自默克和σ。</gydF4y2Bap> <div class="partial-carousel-wrapper"> <div class="floats-partial-section"> <div class="floats-partial-content"> <div class="partial-carousel--full-image partial-carousel-f839d61190b88cf16f3bf0fc7e8b508c"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="(一)gydF4y2Ba" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/jspec/volume-2012/376793/figures/376793.fig.002a.jpg"> <br> <strong>(一)</gydF4y2Bastrong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="(b)gydF4y2Ba" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/jspec/volume-2012/376793/figures/376793.fig.002b.jpg"> <br> <strong>(b)</gydF4y2Bastrong> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs"> <div class="partial-carousel-dots-f839d61190b88cf16f3bf0fc7e8b508c partial-carousel-thumbnail"> <button aria-label="Slide to (a) " class="partial-carousel-dot"><img loading="lazy" alt="(一)gydF4y2Ba" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/jspec/volume-2012/376793/thumbnails/376793.fig.002a_th.jpg"><br><strong>(一)</gydF4y2Bastrong></button> <button aria-label="Slide to (b) " class="partial-carousel-dot"><img loading="lazy" alt="(b)gydF4y2Ba" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/jspec/volume-2012/376793/thumbnails/376793.fig.002b_th.jpg"><br><strong>(b)</gydF4y2Bastrong></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle--nav"> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev-f839d61190b88cf16f3bf0fc7e8b508c partial-carousel-next-prev"> <button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-prev"></button> <button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-next"></button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图2</gydF4y2Baspan> <a aria-label="View full page" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jspec/2012/376793/fig2/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>拉曼光谱的0.1对羟苯甘氨酸(a)和亮氨酸(b)在水中呈现意味着控制样品的拉曼光谱。</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> <h5 id="sec2.3">2.3。统计分析</gydF4y2Bah5> <p>所有的测量拉曼光谱建立了一个数据集PCA和LDA的两个最广泛使用的数据分类方法。在PCA过程中,所有光谱构成一个矩阵的行观察和列波数。PCA软件首先应用意味着围绕这个矩阵,然后决定了数据的协方差矩阵的特征值和特征向量,从而最大化方差之间的变量。因此,定义特征向量<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.575" id="M3" style="vertical-align:-0.20064pt;width:12.625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 12.625 10.575" width="12.625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.575)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.54)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,转置矩阵的特征向量<gydF4y2Basvg height="12.8125" id="M4" style="vertical-align:-0.20064pt;width:16.975px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16.975 12.8125" width="16.975" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.8125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.75)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,62)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-61.95,67.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,分数<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.325" id="M5" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:11.225px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.225 10.325" width="11.225" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和平均频谱<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.55" id="M6" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:11.325px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.325 10.55" width="11.325" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.55)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.56)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.61)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>;PCA得分向量表示为如下:<gydF4y2Baspan class="displayed-label" id="eq1"> <svg height="17.25" id="M7" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 17.25" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,17.25)"> <g transform="translate(72,-58.2)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,184.4,62)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.339981" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.380369" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,216.79,67.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,220.26,62)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.9646511" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="244.49001" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="248.6535" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="254.905" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="258.03076" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="264.28226" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span>在定义原始频谱<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.325" id="M8" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:13.4125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 13.4125 10.325" width="13.4125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,可以得到下面的表达式通过分数和载荷:<gydF4y2Baspan class="displayed-label" id="eq2"> <svg height="15.75" id="M9" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 15.75" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,15.75)"> <g transform="translate(72,-59.4)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,167.54,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.340701" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.38109" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.121407" y="0"> +</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="48.461628" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="55.33828" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="65.315674" y="0"> +</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="76.655891" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="82.707344" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="297.20999" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="301.3735" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="307.625" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="310.75076" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="317.00226" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span>在哪里<gydF4y2Basvg height="7.1875" id="M10" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt;width:7.6875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 7.6875 7.1875" width="7.6875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.1875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-66.25)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>意味着剩余矩阵(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B37">48</gydF4y2Baa>,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B38">49</gydF4y2Baa>]。在光谱分析中,使团体之间的一个分类。自PCA特征值按降序排序的过程中,当第一个最重要的分数是策划与对方,光谱差异会发生在分数歧视情节。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>LDA分析应用用费舍尔的标准实际上是一个贝叶斯决策规则。定义<gydF4y2Baspan class="displayed-label" id="eq3"> <svg height="69.137497" id="M11" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 69.137497" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,69.1375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-16.69)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,158.81,61.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.153156" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.193544" y="0"> Σ</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,191.81,66.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> −</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.99512" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,204.77,58.52)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.8499999" y="-2.51"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,217.86,57.91)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,225.51,61.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,244.09,57.91)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,248.97,58.52)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.9299998" y="-2.51"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-164.25999" y="29.52"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,94.4,25.87)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,102.75,29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.799999" y="-7.25"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> −</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <g> <path d="m 124.55,32.12 6.25,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,124.55,20.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.5299997" y="-6.23"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.38" y="-8.75"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,147.17,25.87)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,154.82,29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,173.4,25.87)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,178.28,26.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.9299998" y="-2.52"> Σ</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,194.02,34)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> −</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.99512" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,204.88,26.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.8600001" y="-2.52"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,217.98,25.87)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,225.63,29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,244.21,25.87)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,249.08,26.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,254.94,36.53)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,264.43,29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.49" y="7.3299999"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.060001" y="-9.1400003"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.327718" y="0"> l</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.803552" y="0"> o</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.055052" y="0"> g</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,313.47,35.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <g> <path d="m 306.49,32.12 11.85,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,306.49,20.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,313.47,17.12)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,319.54,21.67)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.46" y="-7.3299999"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="145.21001" y="-19.549999"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="149.3735" y="-19.549999"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="155.625" y="-19.549999"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="158.75075" y="-19.549999"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="165.00224" y="-19.549999"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span>费雪的标准是由<gydF4y2Baspan class="displayed-label" id="eq4"> <svg height="18.2125" id="M12" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 18.2125" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,18.2125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-57.43)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,169.95,61.23)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,179.64,66.24)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,186.35,61.23)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.6523161" y="0"> +</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.992537" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,217.04,58.11)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,225.39,61.23)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ></gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="239.36" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="243.5235" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="249.77499" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="252.90074" y="0"> 4</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="259.15225" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span>在哪里<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.725" id="M13" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:15.2625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 15.2625 10.725" width="15.2625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.725)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.42)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.71,63.47)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.725" id="M14" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:15.2625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 15.2625 10.725" width="15.2625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.725)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.42)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.71,63.47)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>是意味着组向量,<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.725" id="M15" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:14.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 14.9375 10.725" width="14.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.725)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.42)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.97,63.47)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.725" id="M16" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:14.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 14.9375 10.725" width="14.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.725)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.42)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.97,63.47)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>是每组的先验概率,<gydF4y2Basvg height="7.3249998" id="M17" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:13.4625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 13.4625 7.3249998" width="13.4625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-66.14)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-67.78,66.19)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>是一个行向量,包括两个最重要的电脑分数,然后呢<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.6875" id="M18" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:10.5125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 10.5125 10.6875" width="10.5125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.6875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.45)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>是汇集了协方差矩阵<gydF4y2Baa href="#B37">48</gydF4y2Baa>,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B39">50</gydF4y2Baa>]。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>PCA和LDA过程应用于所有预处理光谱。PCA分析都是在克请+ /智商软件与乘法散射校正预处理和分析交叉验证。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>LDA MATLAB 7.4.0过程进行了软件编程。</gydF4y2Bap> <h4 id="results">3所示。结果</gydF4y2Bah4> <p>preeclamptic和血压正常的团体配合的非常好。年龄没有显著差异,平价,胎龄之间的血液抽样组(<gydF4y2Basvg height="11.25" id="M19" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt;width:56.150002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 56.150002 11.25" width="56.150002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.25)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.890113" y="0"> ></gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.930502" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.182001" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.307751" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.559254" y="0"> 5</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)。38血清样本的拉曼光谱(18 preeclamptic和20名健康)。矢量归一化平均光谱preeclamptic和对照组的血清样本如图所示<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jspec/2012/376793/fig3/" target="_blank">3</gydF4y2Baa>。图表明,两者之间的差异有一些乐队强度谱用箭头指示和对应的波数。拉曼乐队之间的差异归一化光谱图<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jspec/2012/376793/fig3/" target="_blank">3</gydF4y2Baa>因为许多不可见拉曼乐队由多个带组件(参见图吗<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jspec/2012/376793/fig1/" target="_blank">1 (c)</gydF4y2Baa>)。然而,带强度的变化可以更好地在光谱的差异。</gydF4y2Bap> <div class="partial-carousel-wrapper"> <div class="floats-partial-section"> <div class="floats-partial-content"> <div class="partial-carousel--full-image partial-carousel-98a80717a3598ae4d1ad3661aa14e6b2"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/jspec/volume-2012/376793/figures/376793.fig.003.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs"> <div class="partial-carousel-dots-98a80717a3598ae4d1ad3661aa14e6b2 partial-carousel-thumbnail"> <button aria-label="Slide to " class="partial-carousel-dot"><img loading="lazy" alt="" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/jspec/volume-2012/376793/thumbnails/376793.fig.003_th.jpg"><br><strong></strong></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle--nav"> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev-98a80717a3598ae4d1ad3661aa14e6b2 partial-carousel-next-prev"> <button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-prev"></button> <button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-next"></button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图3</gydF4y2Baspan> <a aria-label="View full page" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jspec/2012/376793/fig3/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>归一化平均拉曼光谱从控制和preeclamptic组血清样本。最低的光谱的区别是光谱清晰(转移)。</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> <p>所有光谱都配备了一个沃伊特概要如前所述。振动强度和位置的波数确定控制和preeclamptic组根据合适的结果。振动乐队表现出强度的差异(<gydF4y2Basvg height="11.25" id="M20" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt;width:56.150002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 56.150002 11.25" width="56.150002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.25)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.890113" y="0"> <</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.930502" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.182001" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.307751" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.559254" y="0"> 5</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)表<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jspec/2012/376793/tab1/" target="_blank">1</gydF4y2Baa>与初步带作业。此外,选民的可能贡献振动乐队血清拉曼光谱的测定与拉曼光谱的测量氨基酸和上面提到的其他成分。他们的贡献振动乐队也表示在表<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jspec/2012/376793/tab1/" target="_blank">1</gydF4y2Baa>。</gydF4y2Bap> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="tab1"> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">表1</gydF4y2Baspan> <a aria-label="View full page" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jspec/2012/376793/tab1/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> 改变振动频带相对强度与初步给出两组的血清样本带作业。使用Mann-Whitney意义的价值观带强度计算<gydF4y2Bai>U</gydF4y2Bai>分析置信水平为95%。</gydF4y2Badiv> <a class="table-thumb-overlay" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jspec/2012/376793/tab1" target="_blank" aria-label="View full page"></a> </div> </div> <p>振动带表<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jspec/2012/376793/tab1/" target="_blank">1</gydF4y2Baa>被分成两组根据带强度的改变。从表中可以看出,11拉曼强度的下降和八拉曼乐队增加preeclamptic样品与对照组相比。七拉曼与降低强度都是蛋白质,乐队乐队上述可能主要来自氨基酸甘氨酸、谷氨酰胺、缬氨酸、亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸和组氨酸。其他乐队强度显著降低preeclamptic样品观察到乐队在958年,1342年,1448年,1679厘米<gydF4y2Basup>−1</gydF4y2Basup>。关于这些乐队,958和1448厘米<gydF4y2Basup>−1</gydF4y2Basup>从氨基酸和脂质有贡献。乐队在1342厘米<gydF4y2Basup>−1</gydF4y2Basup>可以归因于许多氨基酸的CH弯曲,和乐队在1679厘米吗<gydF4y2Basup>−1</gydF4y2Basup>可以分配给一个多肽骨架的耦合模式,所谓的在我的乐队。脂质有助于增加强度和乐队的所有氨基酸也导致这些乐队。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>PCA是由使用五个因素是决定通过选择一个特征值数量,最小斜率的小石子情节和考虑阈值下的总方差解释值后,通过分析交叉验证测试分析的准确性。主成分分析是应用于所有光谱建立一个矩阵作为输入。这给了分数和载荷作为输出。散点图的分数PC2与生物和光谱的载荷谱范围的600厘米<gydF4y2Basup>−1</gydF4y2Basup>-1760厘米<gydF4y2Basup>−1</gydF4y2Basup>与分配的拉曼乐队(表中给出<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jspec/2012/376793/tab1/" target="_blank">1</gydF4y2Baa>)在图所示<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jspec/2012/376793/fig4/" target="_blank">4</gydF4y2Baa>。第一批五个最重要组成部分的分数,PC 2和PC 3被发现在99%的置信度水平具有重要意义。因此,电脑2和PC 3载荷被用来提供化学信息。</gydF4y2Bap> <div class="partial-carousel-wrapper"> <div class="floats-partial-section"> <div class="floats-partial-content"> <div class="partial-carousel--full-image partial-carousel-06c606721e3d6d6748bd6d6872a70eea"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="(一)gydF4y2Ba" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/jspec/volume-2012/376793/figures/376793.fig.004a.jpg"> <br> <strong>(一)</gydF4y2Bastrong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="(b)gydF4y2Ba" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/jspec/volume-2012/376793/figures/376793.fig.004b.jpg"> <br> <strong>(b)</gydF4y2Bastrong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="(c)gydF4y2Ba" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/jspec/volume-2012/376793/figures/376793.fig.004c.jpg"> <br> <strong>(c)</gydF4y2Bastrong> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs"> <div class="partial-carousel-dots-06c606721e3d6d6748bd6d6872a70eea partial-carousel-thumbnail"> <button aria-label="Slide to (a) " class="partial-carousel-dot"><img loading="lazy" alt="(一)gydF4y2Ba" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/jspec/volume-2012/376793/thumbnails/376793.fig.004a_th.jpg"><br><strong>(一)</gydF4y2Bastrong></button> <button aria-label="Slide to (b) " class="partial-carousel-dot"><img loading="lazy" alt="(b)gydF4y2Ba" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/jspec/volume-2012/376793/thumbnails/376793.fig.004b_th.jpg"><br><strong>(b)</gydF4y2Bastrong></button> <button aria-label="Slide to (c) " class="partial-carousel-dot"><img loading="lazy" alt="(c)gydF4y2Ba" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/jspec/volume-2012/376793/thumbnails/376793.fig.004c_th.jpg"><br><strong>(c)</gydF4y2Bastrong></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle--nav"> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev-06c606721e3d6d6748bd6d6872a70eea partial-carousel-next-prev"> <button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-prev"></button> <button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-next"></button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图4</gydF4y2Baspan> <a aria-label="View full page" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jspec/2012/376793/fig4/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>(a)分数2 PC和PC的散点图3对应的载荷PC 2 (b)和(c)电脑3。(一)代表控制的数字(1 - 10)和preeclamptic(11-19)样本。</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> <p>确定定量的歧视,我们应用LDA代码前两个最重要的PCA的分数。费雪的标准被用来获得一个决定线区分两组互相叠加图<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jspec/2012/376793/fig4/" target="_blank">4(一)</gydF4y2Baa>。图表显示,两组明显分开。重复的数字表示样品(1 - 10控制和11-19子痫前期)测量取自同一个人在不同的日子如前所述。决定行表明,两个健康的样本一个人,四个病变样本两个患者被误诊。PCA-LDA分析的结果应用于所有血清样本中总结表<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jspec/2012/376793/tab2/" target="_blank">2</gydF4y2Baa>敏感性为78%,特异性90%。</gydF4y2Bap> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="tab2"> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">表2</gydF4y2Baspan> <a aria-label="View full page" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jspec/2012/376793/tab2/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> 总结PCA-LDA血清样本的结果。</gydF4y2Badiv> <a class="table-thumb-overlay" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jspec/2012/376793/tab2" target="_blank" aria-label="View full page"></a> </div> </div> <p>提出了PC 2和PC 3载荷数据<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jspec/2012/376793/fig4/" target="_blank">4 (b)</gydF4y2Baa>和<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jspec/2012/376793/fig4/" target="_blank">4 (c)</gydF4y2Baa>与控制的意思是拉曼光谱叠加。两个锋利的拉曼乐队在1156厘米<gydF4y2Basup>−1</gydF4y2Basup>在1522厘米<gydF4y2Basup>−1</gydF4y2Basup>属于β胡萝卜素拉曼乐队出现在图<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jspec/2012/376793/fig4/" target="_blank">4 (b)</gydF4y2Baa>因为他们分散强烈强度尤其是preeclamptic病人。他们没有在表<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jspec/2012/376793/tab1/" target="_blank">1</gydF4y2Baa>因为这些乐队出现了轻微的平均强度变化根据乐队成分分析。此外,他们的强度也发现是微不足道的(<gydF4y2Basvg height="11.25" id="M59" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt;width:56.150002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 56.150002 11.25" width="56.150002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.25)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.890113" y="0"> ></gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.930502" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.182001" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.307751" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.559254" y="0"> 5</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>根据Mann-Whitney)<gydF4y2Bai>U</gydF4y2Bai>测试。电脑2加载主要展示了脂质-变化乐队在1300、1439和1741厘米<gydF4y2Basup>−1</gydF4y2Basup>,而CH弯曲模式在1340年和酰胺我乐队在1650厘米左右<gydF4y2Basup>−1</gydF4y2Basup>表现出积极的变化。虽然电脑3显示了嘈杂的贡献比电脑2,它展现了同样的趋势在PC 2蛋白质和脂质乐队除了酰胺我带图<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jspec/2012/376793/fig4/" target="_blank">4 (c)</gydF4y2Baa>。蛋白质乐队在1642、1667(酰胺I), 699厘米<gydF4y2Basup>−1</gydF4y2Basup>显示消极变化,900年的,940,1209,1342,1448厘米<gydF4y2Basup>−1</gydF4y2Basup>显示积极的变化。另一方面,脂质乐队在717,1086,1269,1439厘米<gydF4y2Basup>−1</gydF4y2Basup>表现出消极的变化。其中的一些乐队没有出现在桌子上<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jspec/2012/376793/tab1/" target="_blank">1</gydF4y2Baa>因为这些乐队的强度的意义价值高于0.05。</gydF4y2Bap> <h4 id="discussion">4所示。讨论</gydF4y2Bah4> <p>通过乐队的成分分析,可见11拉曼乐队的强度降低和八拉曼乐队增加preeclamptic样本。虽然减少带强度可能是与个人的乐队氨基酸(例如,图<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jspec/2012/376793/fig2/" target="_blank">2</gydF4y2Baa>表中给出)<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jspec/2012/376793/tab1/" target="_blank">1</gydF4y2Baa>,很难断定某种氨基酸负责相应的减少因为光谱的复杂性。然而,相关蛋白质乐队preeclamptic光谱往往强度下降的病人。众所周知,蛋白质是容易受到自由基的攻击和相关氧化剂(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B4">4</gydF4y2Baa>,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B51">51</gydF4y2Baa>]。当受到自由基的攻击,氨基酸转化为他们的衍生品(氧化<gydF4y2Baa href="#B52">52</gydF4y2Baa>)这可能是蛋白质带强度下降的原因。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>振动带强度的显著增加preeclamptic样本被发现在699,717,1269,1303,1427,1439,1460,1667厘米<gydF4y2Basup>−1</gydF4y2Basup>这些都是相关的脂质是在桌子上吗<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jspec/2012/376793/tab1/" target="_blank">1</gydF4y2Baa>。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>在一些研究中,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B11">11</gydF4y2Baa>- - - - - -<gydF4y2Baa href="#B13">13</gydF4y2Baa>高脂质浓度在子痫前期,也与我们的结果一致。增加脂质浓度是心血管疾病的主要危险因素是已知的导致内皮功能障碍也在子痫前期(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B1">1</gydF4y2Baa>]。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>从表可以看出<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jspec/2012/376793/tab1/" target="_blank">1</gydF4y2Baa>,尽管增加或减少带强度的差异几乎是在标准偏差,他们表现出显著差异在两组之间的强度(<gydF4y2Basvg height="11.25" id="M60" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt;width:56.150002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 56.150002 11.25" width="56.150002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.25)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.890113" y="0"> <</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.930502" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.182001" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.307751" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.559254" y="0"> 5</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)。然而,许多的乐队是由多种氨基酸、脂质,或血清中的其他成分。因此,这些差异的个人贡献的氨基酸带强度仍然未知。此外,一些弱乐队在表<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jspec/2012/376793/tab1/" target="_blank">1</gydF4y2Baa>可能不被视为可靠的光谱成分,因为他们的强度几乎是水平的噪音。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>拉曼光谱结合多元统计方法的使用产生样本之间的分类,有助于确定哪些变量变化的疾病相比,健康的样本。线性判别分析计算后PCA展品preeclamptic和控制组织的明确划分,可以看到在图<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jspec/2012/376793/fig4/" target="_blank">4(一)</gydF4y2Baa>。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>是说,每一对数据点属于同一个样本密切位于图。虽然对测量在不同的日子里,他们给了相似的结果。这意味着系统误差由于实验条件对结果没有任何明显的影响。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>我们预测子痫前期以78%的特异性和灵敏度90%使用多变量分析和拉曼光谱。获得的结果可能被视为低的诊断疾病。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>电脑2和PC 3载荷谱与乐队成分分析的结果一致。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>这些结果可能会进一步提高应用多元技术与大量的样本。然而,拉曼光谱可以提供一种无创方法研究探索子痫前期的病理生理学。</gydF4y2Bap> <h4 id="conclusion">5。结论</gydF4y2Bah4> <p>这项研究是第一个拉曼光谱研究子痫前期。控制和preeclamptic组相比时,改变在一些观察血清样本的拉曼乐队。一些生物标记的贡献,可能导致这些变化是由使用拉曼光谱测量。这些改变脂质乐队和蛋白质乐队分配给特定的氨基酸可能是调查的主要贡献进一步研究蛋白质的脂质乐队和乐队,重点解释疾病的病理生理学。他们也可能是测试的研究试图预测子痫前期的存在。尽管研究可能需要使用更多的样本,以确认我们的结果,我们的初步研究结果可能为进一步的研究提供开创性的基础上。</gydF4y2Bap> <h4 id="acknowledgment">承认</gydF4y2Bah4> <p>Seninak和美国Parlatan感激到伊斯坦布尔大学的支持提供的研究基金项目没有。4328年和4330年,分别。</gydF4y2Bap> </div> </div> <div class="ArticleReferences_xmlContent__p_40j"> <h4 class="ArticleReferences_references__GH2t_" id="references">引用</gydF4y2Bah4> <ol class="ArticleReferences_orderedReferences__mJr9M"> <li class="ArticleReferences_articleReference__ouEuh" id="B1"> <div class="referenceContent"> <p class="referenceText">j·m·罗伯茨,“子痫前期:我们知道我们不知道,”<gydF4y2Bai>在围产期学研讨会</gydF4y2Bai>,24卷,不。1 - 28,2000页。</gydF4y2Bap>视图:<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> <a 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