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.expand_btn{-webkit-flex:1;-ms-flex:1;flex:1;background:url('data:image/svg+xml;base64,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') no-repeat 6px;background-position:center;margin-top:10px;min-width:55px;display:none;} @media (min-width:768px){.fCSoxK .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .expand_btn{display:none;}} .fCSoxK .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-text{-webkit-flex:9;-ms-flex:9;flex:9;text-align:left;padding:21px 37px 10px 0px;font-size:16px;font-weight:700;} @media (min-width:768px){.fCSoxK .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-text{padding:19px 18px 10px 18px;}} @media (min-width:992px){.fCSoxK .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-text{padding:19px 21px 10px 21px;}} .fCSoxK .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-partial-url{-webkit-flex:1;-ms-flex:1;flex:1;background:url('data:image/svg+xml;base64,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') no-repeat 6px;background-position:center;padding:16px 0 16px 0;min-width:62px;max-width:62px;} @media (min-width:768px){.fCSoxK .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-partial-url{padding:16px 0 17px 0;min-width:52px;max-width:52px;}} @media (min-width:992px){.fCSoxK .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-partial-url{padding:15px 0 17px 0;min-width:60px;max-width:60px;}} .fCSoxK .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-partial-url:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;} .fCSoxK .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption-text{font-size:14px;padding:0px 18px 17px 22px;} @media (min-width:768px){.fCSoxK .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption-text{padding:0px 15px 15px 18px;}} @media (min-width:992px){.fCSoxK .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption-text{padding:0px 18px 19px 21px;}} .fCSoxK .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption-text figcaption{margin:0;padding:0;} .fCSoxK .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption-text svg{max-width:100%;} .fCSoxK ol{font-size:16px;padding-left:32px;font-family:STIXGeneral-Regular;line-height:24px;margin:15px 0;} .fCSoxK ol li{margin:10px 0;padding-left:10px;word-break:normal;} .fCSoxK ol li a{word-break:break-all;} .fCSoxK ol li .reflinks{display:block;} .fCSoxK ol li .reflinks a{color:#4D8A17;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:pointer;} .fCSoxK ol li .reflinks a:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;} .fCSoxK ol li .reflinks .sep{color:#000000;} .fCSoxK .table-wrapper{width:auto;overflow-x:auto;} .fCSoxK .table-wrapper::-webkit-scrollbar{-webkit-appearance:none;width:5px;height:5px;} .fCSoxK .table-wrapper::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb{border-radius:5px;background-color:rgba(0,0,0,.5);-webkit-box-shadow:0 0 1px rgba(255,255,255,.5);} @media (min-width:768px){.fCSoxK .table-wrapper{overflow-x:auto;width:auto;-webkit-break-word:word-break;break-word:word-break;margin:0 auto;}} @media (min-width:992px){.fCSoxK .table-wrapper{width:auto;}} @media (min-width:1324px){.fCSoxK .table-wrapper{width:auto;}} @media (min-width:320px){.fCSoxK{margin-bottom:33px;padding:0;}} @media (min-width:992px){.fCSoxK{padding:0;}} @media (min-width:1325px){} .fCSoxK .owl-stage{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;} .fCSoxK .floats-partial-middle--thumbs{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;} .fCSoxK .floats-partial-middle--thumbs .partial-carousel-dot svg{fill:#4D8A17;} .fCSoxK .floats-partial-middle--thumbs .partial-carousel-dot strong{color:#4D8A17;font-weight:500;} .fCSoxK .floats-partial-middle--thumbs .partial-carousel-dot.active strong{color:#007B8B;} .fCSoxK .floats-partial-middle--thumbs .partial-carousel-dot.active svg{fill:#007B8B;} .fCSoxK .floats-partial-middle--thumbs .partial-carousel-dot .nowrap{white-space:nowrap;} .fCSoxK .partial-carousel-dot{text-align:center;cursor:pointer;border:0;width:100px;padding-bottom:20px;background-color:#fff;display:table-cell;} .fCSoxK .partial-carousel-dot:focus-visible{outline-offset:-3px;} .fCSoxK .partial-carousel-dot strong{font-size:11px;padding-top:12px;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.fCSoxK .partial-carousel-dot strong{font-size:16px;}} .fCSoxK .partial-carousel-dot img{width:90px;height:90px;border:1px solid #979797;margin:10px 0;} .fCSoxK .partial-carousel-wrapper .floats-partial-middle{border-top:1px solid #e3e3e3;display:block;margin-bottom:50px;padding-top:1px;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.fCSoxK .partial-carousel-wrapper .floats-partial-middle{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;margin-bottom:0;}} .fCSoxK .partial-carousel--single-image{overflow:hidden;text-align:center;} .fCSoxK 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color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-ePZHVD ewHMLz" href="#related-articles" aria-label="">相关文章</a></span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="threeColumn__ContentWrapper-sc-1bf4078-3 bbzREB contentWrapper"> <div class="threeColumn__Content-sc-1bf4078-4 jknsZc content"> <div class="articleContent__ArticleContentsWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-0 eSvjPB article_contents"> <div class="articleContent__ArticleContentsSectionsWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-1 jntdRu article_contents__sections_wrapper"> <div class="articleContent__ArticleWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-2 hAzjHP"> <div class="sc-chbbiW mBGSe article_header_class"> <div class="sc-kxynE fgGykB"> <span class="sc-cooIXK gQxyld">特殊的问题</年代pan> <h2 class="sc-fcdeBU bVtmCk">光纤传感器</h2> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-gmeYpB hSHJbi" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/js/si/289070/" aria-label="">把这个特殊的问题</a> <hr class="sc-clNaTc ktFfKO"> </div> <p class="sc-kZmsYB bkiEfx article_type">研究文章|开放获取</p> <div class="sc-RcBXQ ztvYg article_citation"> 体积 2012年 <span class="sc-fZwumE cUsFHx">|</年代pan>文章的ID 709849年 <span class="sc-fZwumE cUsFHx">|</年代pan> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-fQejPQ duuwge" href="https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/709849" aria-label="Doi-link">https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/709849</a> </div> <div class="sc-LKuAh lcOiDF article_full_citation"> <div class="sc-hzNEM gsmOCv isHide"> <p>Muto Masayuki Morisawa,赠送, ”<年代pan class="adjust-article-svg-size">塑料光纤传感酒的酒精浓度</年代pan>”,<i>杂志上的传感器</我>, 卷。2012年, 文章的ID709849年, 5   页面, 2012年。 https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/709849</p> </div> <button class="sc-hSdWYo etauus sc-iBEsjs kPshFw" color="">显示引用</button> </div> <h1 class="sc-iRbamj jZOxOO sc-iSDuPN bPKnl article_title adjust-article-svg-size heading-title">塑料光纤传感酒的酒精浓度</h1> </div> <div class="sc-jrIrqw eHMFfo article_authors"> <hr class="sc-cEvuZC XkrFe hr__author"> <span class=""><b>小松Morisawa</b><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link" href="mailto:" aria-label="Mail Option"><span class="sc-htoDjs kNoiZu sc-hjRWVT irNWJI icon-colored _2zt-1j0LmaF8UjTQAM413G icon-themeable" title="" font-size="16"></span></a><sup>1</年代up>和</年代pan> <span class="">赠送Muto<年代up>1</年代up></span> <div class="sc-fHxwqH dMuGGA isHide"> <p><sup>1</年代up><span>大学研究生院医学和工程学山梨县,4-3-11武田,甲府市400 - 8511年,日本</年代pan></p> </div> <button class="sc-hSdWYo etauus sc-iQtOjA kfDwZY" color="">显示更多</button> </div> <div class="articleContent__EditorWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-3 evMkvU"> <div class="articleContent__TextWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-8 fYrLtk"> <b>学术编辑器:</b>沃尔夫冈Ecke</div> <div class="articleContent__PublicationTimeLineWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-4 fjviok"> <div class="articleContent__PublcationCol-sc-2yl9jy-5 hgKieC notPublished"> <span class="articleContent__PublicationField-sc-2yl9jy-6 cIribm">收到了</年代pan> <span class="articleContent__PublicationValue-sc-2yl9jy-7 khHUcu">2011年12月01</年代pan> </div> <div class="articleContent__PublcationCol-sc-2yl9jy-5 hgKieC notPublished"> <span class="articleContent__PublicationField-sc-2yl9jy-6 cIribm">修改后的</年代pan> <span class="articleContent__PublicationValue-sc-2yl9jy-7 khHUcu">2012年1月30日</年代pan> </div> <div class="articleContent__PublcationCol-sc-2yl9jy-5 hgKieC notPublished"> <span class="articleContent__PublicationField-sc-2yl9jy-6 cIribm">接受</年代pan> <span class="articleContent__PublicationValue-sc-2yl9jy-7 khHUcu">2012年2月02</年代pan> </div> <div class="articleContent__PublcationCol-sc-2yl9jy-5 hgKieC isPublished"> <span class="articleContent__PublicationField-sc-2yl9jy-6 cIribm">发表</年代pan> <span class="articleContent__PublicationValue-sc-2yl9jy-7 khHUcu">08年4月2012年</年代pan> </div> </div> </div> <article class="sc-jtRlXQ fCSoxK article_body "> <div> <div class="xml-content"> <h4 class="header" id="abstract">文摘</h4> <p>一个简单的光纤传感系统研究了酒的酒精浓度。在这种传感器头,混合聚合物的酚醛树脂和polyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF),比9:1涂层作为一个敏感的包覆层的塑料纤维芯的聚苯乙烯(PS)涂布聚碳酸酯(PC)。使用这种传感器头和一个绿色的LED光源,这是证实,在几种白酒酒精浓度从啤酒到威士忌可以很容易地测量与快速响应时间不到1分钟。</p> <span class="end-abs"></span> <h4 id="introduction">1。介绍</h4> <p>在日常生活中,啤酒供应几个酒(酒精饮料),如啤酒、白兰地、葡萄酒、威士忌,人们都喜欢他们。然而,在啤酒厂,需要多次检查产品酒的酒精浓度,例如,使用蒸馏的方法(<a href="#B1">1</a>)和气体或液体色谱法(<a href="#B2">2</a>]。因此,开发一个简单和快速检测系统强烈需要酒的酒精浓度。</p> <p>从上面的观点,我们研究了酒的酒精浓度的光学测量系统使用一个塑料光纤(POF)因为POF具有许多优势,如成本低、容易处理,免于电气接口(<a href="#B3">3</a>- - - - - -<a href="#B6">6</a>]。本文报告它的配置和基本传感特性的酒精浓度酒精饮料。</p> <h4 id="sensor-head-structure-and-its-sensing-principle">2。传感器头结构及其传感原理</h4> <p>一种聚合物,如酚醛清漆膨胀时暴露于酒精(气相<a href="#B7">7</a>)或酒精的解决方案。这种效应产生的折射率变化,电影。图<a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/js/2012/709849/fig1/" target="_blank">1</a>显示了酚醛树脂的折射率的变化当暴露于乙醇,决定用阿贝折射仪。从这个图我们可以看到,在被暴露在乙醇(EtOH)酚醛清漆薄膜的折射率显著下降<年代vg height="14.725" id="M1" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:64.0625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 64.0625 14.725" width="64.0625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.725)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.22)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.4)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.74,60.27)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-54.72,63.4)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 1</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> 。</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.405136" y="0"> 6</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.656635" y="0"> 1</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>到1.46。在反对,当乙醇精疲力竭的电影,其折射率回到初始值。这个可逆的属性是构造一个光学传感器更合适。</p> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig1"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig1"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="709849.fig.001" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/js/volume-2012/709849/figures/709849.fig.001.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图1</年代pan> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/js/2012/709849/fig1/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <i>μ</我><table> 折射率变化酚醛清漆膜厚度约为5m。</table> </div> </div> </div> <p>使用这个属性在酚醛清漆的电影,我们捏造POF-type传感器头。图<a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/js/2012/709849/fig2/" target="_blank">2</a>显示传感器头结构和操作模型的示意图,没有酒精,分别。在这个POF传感器,销售聚碳酸酯(PC)光纤的折射率<年代vg height="14.7875" id="M2" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:64.0625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 64.0625 14.7875" width="64.0625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.17)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.74,60.22)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-54.72,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 1</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> 。</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.405136" y="0"> 5</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.656635" y="0"> 8</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>使用后删除包覆层。聚苯乙烯(PS)层的折射率<年代vg height="14.725" id="M3" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:64.0625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 64.0625 14.725" width="64.0625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.725)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.22)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.4)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.74,60.27)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-54.72,63.4)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 1</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> 。</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.405136" y="0"> 6</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.656635" y="0"> 0</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>PC纤维表面涂层,因为电脑表面坏了酚醛清漆的溶剂的解决方案。指的是初步实验(<a href="#B7">7</a>)、酚醛清漆/铁复杂(酚醛清漆/ Fe:)被发现仅优于酚醛树脂。因此,我们使用它作为一个酒精敏感材料。</p> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig2"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig2"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(一)没有酒精:2 > 1 (leaky-POF结构)”name="709849.fig.002a" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/js/volume-2012/709849/figures/709849.fig.002a.jpg"> <br> <strong>(a) Without alcohol: 2 > 1 (leaky-POF structure)</年代trong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="与酒精(b): 2 () < 1 (guided-POF结构)”name="709849.fig.002b" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/js/volume-2012/709849/figures/709849.fig.002b.jpg"> <br> <strong>(b) With alcohol: 2 ( ) < 1 (guided-POF structure)</年代trong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs fig-thumbs-fig2"> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(a) Without alcohol: 𝑛 2 > 𝑛 1 (leaky-POF structure)"><img alt="(一)没有酒精:2 > 1 (leaky-POF结构)”name="709849.fig.002a" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/js/volume-2012/709849/figures/709849.fig.002a.jpg"><br><strong>(a) Without alcohol: 2 > 1 (leaky-POF structure)</年代trong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(b) With alcohol: 𝑛 2 ( 𝑡 ) < 𝑛 1 (guided-POF structure)"><img alt="与酒精(b): 2 () < 1 (guided-POF结构)”name="709849.fig.002b" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/js/volume-2012/709849/figures/709849.fig.002b.jpg"><br><strong>(b) With alcohol: 2 ( ) < 1 (guided-POF structure)</年代trong></button> </div> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev fig-nav-fig2"> <button class="carousel-prev" aria-label="Previous"></button> <button class="carousel-next" aria-label="Next"></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图2</年代pan> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/js/2012/709849/fig2/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> 传感器头结构。</table> </div> </div> </div> <p>在图<a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/js/2012/709849/fig2/" target="_blank">2</a>(一)传感器头是漏水的POF(例如,<年代vg height="12.375" id="M6" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:47.237499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 47.237499 12.375" width="47.237499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.1)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,65.27)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.74,62.15)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-57.39,65.27)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> <</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-39.14,62.15)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>),输出光通过它的强度很弱。在这种情况下,通过使用射线追踪方法,计算总输出光强度<年代vg height="14.35" id="M7" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt;width:29.487499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 29.487499 14.35" width="29.487499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.35)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.52)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.52,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> o</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> u</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.7519999" y="0"> t</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-53.34,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>是由<年代pan class="equation" id="EEq1"> <svg height="51.337502" id="M8" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 51.337502" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,51.3375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-30.93)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,151.72,47.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,159.14,44.18)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> o</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> u</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.7519999" y="0"> t</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,170.33,44.18)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,178.68,47.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,194.97,63.63)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,199.21,61.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 6.25px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,190.71,40.75)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,191.31,33.57)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.5860481" y="0"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.581168" y="0"> 0</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,206.87,47.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.37773" y="0"> (</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.541229" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.0928" y="0"> )</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.344301" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.445526" y="0"> (</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.609024" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="44.160595" y="0"> )</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,255.2,52.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,261.91,47.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="212.21001" y="0"> (</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="216.3735" y="0"> 1</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="222.625" y="0"> )</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span>在哪里<我>P</我>(<我><我>θ</我></我>)是一线的光功率角<年代vg height="10.7375" id="M9" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt;width:8.3125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.3125 10.7375" width="8.3125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.7375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.41)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,<年代vg height="14.5875" id="M10" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:13.4px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 13.4 14.5875" width="13.4" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.5875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.33)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.9,60.47)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>的临界角POF的输入端,<年代vg height="13.45" id="M11" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:25.1px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 25.1 13.45" width="25.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.45)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.1012239" y="0"> (</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.2647228" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.803792" y="0"> )</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>是功率反射系数,<年代vg height="7.1374998" id="M12" style="vertical-align:-0.10033pt;width:11.225px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.225 7.1374998" width="11.225" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.1375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-66.29)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>是反射传感器头。</p> <p>另一方面,当暴露于酒精、包覆层膨胀,及其折射率开始减少,成为低于纤维芯(例如,<年代vg height="12.375" id="M13" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:47.237499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 47.237499 12.375" width="47.237499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.1)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,65.27)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.74,62.15)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-57.39,65.27)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ></t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-39.14,62.15)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)。然后,如图<a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/js/2012/709849/fig2/" target="_blank">2</a>(b),传感器头变化引导POF,和输出光强度增加显著。在这种情况下,总输出光强度<年代vg height="14.35" id="M14" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt;width:29.487499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 29.487499 14.35" width="29.487499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.35)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.52)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.52,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> o</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> u</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.7519999" y="0"> t</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-53.34,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>给出了传感器的头<年代pan class="equation" id="EEq2"> <svg height="53.924999" id="M15" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 53.924999" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,53.925)"> <g transform="translate(72,-28.86)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,128.46,47.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,135.88,44.18)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> o</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> u</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.7519999" y="0"> t</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,147.07,44.18)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,155.42,47.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,170.49,63.63)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,174.73,61.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 6.25px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 6.25px; " x="2.5945799" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,167.45,40.75)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,168.05,33.57)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.5860481" y="0"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.581168" y="0"> 0</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,183.61,47.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.37773" y="0"> (</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.541229" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.0928" y="0"> )</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.031965" y="0"> +</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,230.68,63.63)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,234.92,61.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 6.25px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,226.42,40.75)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,224,33.64)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.5772958" y="0"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.572416" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,239.16,31.46)"> <tspan style="font-size: 6.25px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 6.25px; " x="2.5945799" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,245.01,47.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.37773" y="0"> (</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.541229" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.0928" y="0"> )</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.344301" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,278.46,52.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,285.17,47.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="188.95" y="0"> (</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="193.11349" y="0"> 2</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="199.36501" y="0"> )</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span>在哪里<年代vg height="14.5875" id="M16" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:17.6625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.6625 14.5875" width="17.6625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.5875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.33)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.9,60.47)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.6320801" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>是关键的角度传感器。的价值<年代vg height="14.7125" id="M17" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt;width:63.1875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 63.1875 14.7125" width="63.1875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.23)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.52,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> o</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> u</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.7519999" y="0"> t</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-53.34,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-48.46,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> /</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="3.4758339" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-37.56,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> o</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> u</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.7519999" y="0"> t</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-26.38,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>描述了输出光强度的相对变化取决于酒精。</p> <p>从(是显而易见的<a href="#EEq1">1</a>)和(<a href="#EEq2">2</a>),使这个传感器响应在低浓度酒精,包层的折射率之差的核心是需要减少,这样开关从漏波导模式变得容易。因此,我们有混合low-refractive-index polyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF;<年代vg height="14.6" id="M18" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:64.0625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 64.0625 14.6" width="64.0625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.6)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.32)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.74,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-54.72,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 1</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> 。</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.405136" y="0"> 4</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.656635" y="0"> 2</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)与酚醛树脂的折射率包层聚合物方法PC(聚碳酸酯)的核心。酚醛清漆混合的电影/ Fe:所以和PVDF 3比1的比例涂布在上述PS-coated-PC纤维(PS / PC)的核心直径0.8毫米,通过浸渍涂层。</p> <p>接下来,我们考虑中间PS保护层的作用。基于射线跟踪技术的斯涅尔定律<年代pan class="equation" id="EEq3"> <svg height="15.75" id="M19" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 15.75" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,15.75)"> <g transform="translate(72,-59.4)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,130.14,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,136.36,60.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,143.31,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 年代</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.863667" y="0"> 我</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.3395014" y="0"> n</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.679003" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,166.04,60.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,174.39,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,192.64,60.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 3</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,199.6,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 年代</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.863667" y="0"> 我</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.3395014" y="0"> n</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.666498" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,222.32,60.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 3</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,230.67,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,248.92,60.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,255.88,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 年代</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.863667" y="0"> 我</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.3395014" y="0"> n</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.666498" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,278.61,60.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,283.48,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="190.64" y="0"> (</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="194.8035" y="0"> 3</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="201.05499" y="0"> )</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span>在哪里<年代vg height="11.075" id="M20" style="vertical-align:-3.25793pt;width:13.9875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 13.9875 11.075" width="13.9875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.075)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.14)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.74,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 3</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>是PS的折射率。如果电脑芯层的折射率,<年代vg height="10.925" id="M21" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:13.9875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 13.9875 10.925" width="13.9875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.925)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.26)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.74,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,比中间的PS小层,<年代vg height="11.075" id="M22" style="vertical-align:-3.25793pt;width:13.9875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 13.9875 11.075" width="13.9875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.075)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.14)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.74,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 3</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>(例如,<年代vg height="12.525" id="M23" style="vertical-align:-3.25793pt;width:47.237499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 47.237499 12.525" width="47.237499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.525)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.98)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,65.27)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.74,62.15)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-57.39,65.27)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> <</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-39.14,62.15)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 3</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>),光的全反射核心的包层界面(核心)决定从PC芯层的折射率,<年代vg height="10.925" id="M24" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:13.9875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 13.9875 10.925" width="13.9875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.925)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.26)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.74,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>的包覆层,<年代vg height="10.925" id="M25" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:13.9875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 13.9875 10.925" width="13.9875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.925)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.26)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.74,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>的存在与否,无论中间PS层。因此,中间PS层不会影响全反射。</p> <h4 id="experimental-setup">3所示。实验装置</h4> <p>图<a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/js/2012/709849/fig3/" target="_blank">3</a>给出了实验装置。POF-type传感器头被设置在小室和连接到正常pof在其输入和输出端。绿色LED灯波长约为530纳米是引导通过输入侧POF和透射光强度测量的输出端POF使用光电二极管。输出电信号是美联储数字电压表和计算机进行数据处理。遥感样本,由水和乙醇溶液稀释几种销售白酒。</p> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig3"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig3"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="709849.fig.003" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/js/volume-2012/709849/figures/709849.fig.003.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图3</年代pan> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/js/2012/709849/fig3/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> 实验设置。</table> </div> </div> </div> <h4 id="experimental-results">4所示。实验结果</h4> <p>首先,传感器响应对检查100%的乙醇。其结果如图<a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/js/2012/709849/fig4/" target="_blank">4</a>。从这个图中,发现透射光强度通过传感器头(输出光强度)显著增加乙醇刚注射,然后达到一个稳定值大约1分钟。此外,这个系统显示良好的重现性。另一方面,当乙醇溶液喷射时,突然出现,然后输出的信号强度开始下降缓慢。这些现象是由于残余酒精液滴传感器头表面。事实上,发送后干燥的空气传感器头用鼓风机,输出强度回到初始值。所以,接下来,输出光强的变化对各种测定乙醇的解决方案。结果如图<a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/js/2012/709849/fig5/" target="_blank">5</a>。</p> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig4"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig4"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="709849.fig.004" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/js/volume-2012/709849/figures/709849.fig.004.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图4</年代pan> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/js/2012/709849/fig4/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> 传感器响应100%乙醇溶液。</table> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig5"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig5"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="709849.fig.005" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/js/volume-2012/709849/figures/709849.fig.005.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图5</年代pan> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/js/2012/709849/fig5/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> 输出光强度变化对不同浓度的乙醇。</table> </div> </div> </div> <p>从这个图,发现输出光强度增加而快速响应时间小于0.5分钟。因此,提出POF传感器操作,快速和良好的乙醇浓度传感器的范围大约20 v / v % 100 v / v %。然而,它没有运作low-ethanol-concentration地区低于10 v / v %。所以,进一步改善需要获得更高的灵敏度。</p> <h4 id="fabrication-of-taper-type-pof-sensor-head">5。制造Taper-Type POF传感器头</h4> <p>如图<a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/js/2012/709849/fig2/" target="_blank">2</a>,较低的模式在这个POF-type传感器头主要导致灵敏度。因此,为了提高灵敏度,最好使用一个传感器头小内径。所以我们试图制造taper-type POF腐蚀传感器头的一个解决方案。PC纤维的核心直径0.8毫米和50毫米的长度被沉浸在1蚀刻,恶烷在室温下约1小时,然后PS层和酚醛清漆/ Fe:所以+ PVDF敏感的熔覆层浸涂在它反过来,说明传感器头结构如图所示<a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/js/2012/709849/fig6/" target="_blank">6</a>。</p> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig6"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig6"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="709849.fig.006" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/js/volume-2012/709849/figures/709849.fig.006.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图6</年代pan> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/js/2012/709849/fig6/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> 照片和说明传感器头taper-type POF的结构。</table> </div> </div> </div> <h4 id="measurement-of-alcohol-concentration-in-liquors">6。酒的酒精浓度测量</h4> <p>输出光强的变化对不同乙醇浓度测量传感器使用新的taper-type POF的头。其结果如图<a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/js/2012/709849/fig7/" target="_blank">7</a>。从这个图是明确的,可以测量低浓度的乙醇溶液5 v / v %以下。此外,如果我们把这些数据与使用非锥形传感器获得的结果如图<a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/js/2012/709849/fig5/" target="_blank">5</a>我们可以观察到,透射光的强度的变化与每个组件的浓度变得如此之大,灵敏度提高了至少三倍。这个结果表明,该传感器可用于检测酒精浓度的几个真正的酒。</p> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig7"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig7"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="709849.fig.007" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/js/volume-2012/709849/figures/709849.fig.007.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图7</年代pan> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/js/2012/709849/fig7/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> taper-type传感器的响应头对不同浓度的乙醇。</table> </div> </div> </div> <p>此外,在图的结果<a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/js/2012/709849/fig8/" target="_blank">8</a>表明,该传感器从水中不受到任何影响。光强度随温度的变化如图<a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/js/2012/709849/fig9/" target="_blank">9</a>。光强度对温度的依赖可忽略不计。这些属性也很适合实际的应用程序。通过这些实验,对乙醇浓度校准曲线可以得到如图<a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/js/2012/709849/fig10/" target="_blank">10</a>。此外,反应并不依赖于糖和盐或酸和碱的浓度,可能包含在酒精饮料。这是因为酚醛树脂包覆聚合物不表现出膨胀由于这些组件。</p> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig8"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig8"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="709849.fig.008" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/js/volume-2012/709849/figures/709849.fig.008.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图8</年代pan> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/js/2012/709849/fig8/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> 传感器响应水。</table> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig9"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig9"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="709849.fig.009" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/js/volume-2012/709849/figures/709849.fig.009.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图9</年代pan> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/js/2012/709849/fig9/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> POF传感器对温度的依赖关系。</table> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig10"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig10"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="709849.fig.0010" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/js/volume-2012/709849/figures/709849.fig.0010.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图10</年代pan> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/js/2012/709849/fig10/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> 校准曲线与乙醇浓度。</table> </div> </div> </div> <p>所以,接下来,我们试图衡量现实酒中的酒精浓度,如啤酒,“梅花”白兰地、红酒、白葡萄酒,威士忌,在市场上。结果如图<a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/js/2012/709849/fig11/" target="_blank">11</a>。白葡萄酒的数据没有显示在图<a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/js/2012/709849/fig11/" target="_blank">11</a>因为它几乎重叠的红酒。从这个图我们可以看到,在真正的白酒酒精浓度可以测量不接受任何颜色的物质和泡沫酒的影响。</p> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig11"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig11"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="709849.fig.0011" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/js/volume-2012/709849/figures/709849.fig.0011.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图11</年代pan> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/js/2012/709849/fig11/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> 透射光强度变化的几种销售酒。</table> </div> </div> </div> <p>使用的值输出光强度约1分钟后,获得的校准曲线在图<a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/js/2012/709849/fig10/" target="_blank">10</a>本文的主要结果可以很容易地获得如图<a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/js/2012/709849/fig12/" target="_blank">12</a>。这个数字显示测量酒精浓度符合标签上描述的一个真正的的准确性的酒瓶<年代vg height="12.2375" id="M26" style="vertical-align:-1.09097pt;width:30.362499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 30.362499 12.2375" width="30.362499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.2375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.21)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ±</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.5645552" y="0"> 0</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.816055" y="0"> 。</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.941805" y="0"> 5</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>v / v %。即提出POF-type酒精浓度传感器的实用性。</p> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig12"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig12"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="709849.fig.0012" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/js/volume-2012/709849/figures/709849.fig.0012.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图12</年代pan> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/js/2012/709849/fig12/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> 酒精浓度测量的属性。酒精浓度的值标签上的酒瓶也显示在括号中。</table> </div> </div> </div> <h4 id="conclusions">7所示。结论</h4> <p>小说和非常简单的POF-type传感器检测酒精浓度的酒,这是基于POF传感器从leaky-type guided-one结构变化,研究了实验。使用这种传感器头小核心直径约0.25毫米,光学检测酒精浓度的真正的酒,例如,从啤酒(5 v / v %)威士忌(40 v / v %)可以很容易地获得快速响应时间小于1分钟。因此,该传感器可用于任何啤酒厂。此外,这里使用的敏感包覆聚合物还对汽相甲醇和解决方案。因此,提出POF-type酒精传感器可用于监测泄漏甲醇在甲醇燃料电池系统。这样我们实验室正在进行的一项研究,其结果将公布在不久的将来。</p> </div> <div class="xml-content"> <h4 class="references" id="references">引用</h4> <ol> <li id="B1">l . 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Morisawa y Amemiya, h . Kohzu c . x梁和s . Muto”塑料光纤传感器检测气相酒精,”<我>测量科学与技术</我>,12卷,不。7,877 - 881年,2001页。<年代pan class="reflinks">视图:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/12/7/322">出版商的网站</a><span class="sep">|</年代pan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Plastic%20optical%20fibre%20sensor%20for%20detecting%20vapour%20phase%20alcohol&author=M. Morisawa&author=Y. Amemiya&author=H. Kohzu&author=C. X. Liang&author=&author=S. Muto&publication_year=2001" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</a></span></li> </ol> </div> <div class="xml-content"> <h4 class="copyright" id="copyright">版权</h4> <p>版权©2012年龟田Morisawa Muto赠送。这是一个开放的分布式下文章<a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/">知识共享归属许可</a>,它允许无限制的使用、分配和复制在任何媒介,提供最初的工作是正确引用。</p> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> <div class="biblio__StyledBibblio-sc-1nou1lz-0 hxekTq"> <div id="takeover" class="biblio__TakeoverWrapper-sc-1nou1lz-2 htjhiS"> <div id="bib--hide-takeover-element-mobile"> <div id="bib--takeover-element-mobile"> <h4 class="biblio__H4-sc-1nou1lz-4 lhUKwc">相关文章</h4> <div id="bib--rcm-takeover-element-mobile"> 对本文没有相关内容可用。</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="biblio__StyledBibblio-sc-1nou1lz-0 hxekTq"> <div class="biblio__FooterWrapper-sc-1nou1lz-3 etZutQ mobile-widget" id="related-articles-hidden"> <div id="bib--hide-footer-element-mobile"> <hr class="biblio__HR-sc-1nou1lz-5 bkemVQ"> <h4 class="biblio__H4-sc-1nou1lz-4 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height="24"><span class="sc-dRFtgE jrsDZP">下载其他格式</年代pan><span class="sc-gkFcWv gWTCXQ">更多的</年代pan></span> <span class="sc-htoDjs bMdQcY sc-gbOuXE jGPvPL icon-colored _1CwL9R82TPl2HxDleeYGDR icon-themeable" title="" font-size="11"></span> </div> <div class="sc-fnwBNb etzuBr"> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-iNhVCk gWgCNb open_panel" href="//www.newsama.com/downloads/journals/js/2012/709849.epub" aria-label="ePub" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"> <div class="sc-eAKXzc WHkfb"> ePub</div><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl sc-bfYoXt cGuwDn" title="" role="presentation" 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height="24"><span class="sc-dRFtgE jrsDZP">订单打印副本</年代pan><span class="sc-gkFcWv gWTCXQ">订单</年代pan></span><span class="sc-htoDjs kNoiZu sc-gbOuXE jGPvPL right__icon icon-colored _32KP5uexH-Bgs7Kj8Gk1Tz icon-themeable" title="" font-size="16"></span></a> <div class="sc-hBbWxd kdRRST"> <div class="sc-dyGzUR cHatnS"> <div> 的观点<年代pan>4980年</年代pan> </div> <div> 下载<年代pan>1564年</年代pan> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sc-drKuOJ kxdGAZ"> <span class="__dimensions_badge_embed__" data-doi="10.1155/2012/709849" data-style="small_circle"></span>引用</div> </div> </div> <nav class="sc-bRBYWo fXBKFa sc-hUfwpO jHPgUP" id="toolbar__iconNav"> <h3 class="sc-Rmtcm hNPrIr">分享文章</h3> <ul class="sc-hzDkRC bnbfTS"> <li class="iconBorder"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link" href="https://twitter.com/share?url=https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/709849&via=Hindawi" aria-label="Sharing on Twitter" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl socialTwitter" title="" role="presentation" 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