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no-repeat 6px;background-position:center;margin-top:10px;min-width:55px;display:none;} @media (min-width:768px){.iASKvs .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .expand_btn{display:none;}} .iASKvs .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-text{-webkit-flex:9;-ms-flex:9;flex:9;text-align:left;padding:21px 37px 10px 0px;font-size:16px;font-weight:700;} @media (min-width:768px){.iASKvs .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-text{padding:19px 18px 10px 18px;}} @media (min-width:992px){.iASKvs .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-text{padding:19px 21px 10px 21px;}} .iASKvs .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption 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no-repeat 6px;background-position:center;padding:16px 0 16px 0;min-width:62px;max-width:62px;} @media (min-width:768px){.iASKvs .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-partial-url{padding:16px 0 17px 0;min-width:52px;max-width:52px;}} @media (min-width:992px){.iASKvs .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-partial-url{padding:15px 0 17px 0;min-width:60px;max-width:60px;}} .iASKvs .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-partial-url:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;} .iASKvs .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption-text{font-size:14px;padding:0px 18px 17px 22px;} @media (min-width:768px){.iASKvs .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption-text{padding:0px 15px 15px 18px;}} @media (min-width:992px){.iASKvs .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption-text{padding:0px 18px 19px 21px;}} .iASKvs .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption-text figcaption{margin:0;padding:0;} .iASKvs .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption-text svg{max-width:100%;} .iASKvs ol{font-size:16px;padding-left:32px;font-family:STIXGeneral-Regular;line-height:24px;margin:15px 0;} .iASKvs ol li{margin:10px 0;padding-left:10px;word-break:normal;} .iASKvs ol li a{word-break:break-all;} .iASKvs ol li .reflinks{display:block;} .iASKvs ol li .reflinks a{color:#4D8A17;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:pointer;} .iASKvs ol li .reflinks a:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;} .iASKvs ol li .reflinks .sep{color:#000000;} .iASKvs .table-wrapper{width:auto;overflow-x:auto;} .iASKvs .table-wrapper::-webkit-scrollbar{-webkit-appearance:none;width:5px;height:5px;} .iASKvs .table-wrapper::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb{border-radius:5px;background-color:rgba(0,0,0,.5);-webkit-box-shadow:0 0 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height="24"><span class="text">提交</GydF4y2Baspan></span><span class="sc-htoDjs kNoiZu sc-dqBHgY cQgXqt fileArrow icon-colored undefined icon-themeable" title="" font-size="16"></span></a> <div class="sc-krDsej ewCAZX hide__submenu journalSubmenuCheck" id="journalnav__submenu"> <button class="sc-itybZL kdvWPs journalSubmenuCheck"><span class="sc-htoDjs gvAGTV sc-fzsDOv hAFFGk journalSubmenuCheck icon-colored _1CwL9R82TPl2HxDleeYGDR icon-themeable" title="" font-size="9"></span></button> </div> <div class="sc-dTdPqK lkWWFY hide__submenu journal__nav__desktop" id="journalnav__submenudesktop"> <div order="0" class="sc-kUaPvJ ehYbwJ"> <div class="sc-gPWkxV legory"></div> <div class="sc-gPWkxV legory"></div> </div> <div class="sc-jVODtj epgILe"></div> <span class="sc-fONwsr kCfRMJ"></span> </div> </nav> </div> <div class="sc-nrwXf byflLi breadcrumb__wrapper journal_article__BreadCrumbStyle-sc-12fk6zy-2 bjwAQR article"> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-eitiEO jXeALb breadCrumb" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/js/" aria-label="Journal of Sensors">中国传感器杂志</一种>/<一种class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-eitiEO jXeALb breadCrumb" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/js/contents/year/2012/" aria-label="2012">2012</一种>/<GydF4y2Baspan class="sc-bhlBdH UVThf">文章</GydF4y2Baspan> </div> <div class="threeColumn__ThreeColumnWrapper-sc-1bf4078-0 dDyxFF threeColumnWrapper"> <div class="threeColumn__LeftWrapper-sc-1bf4078-1 fkVFlF leftWrapper"> <button type="button" class="sc-eKZiaR dzZrgS section__button " id="sectionButton"><span class="sc-htoDjs diutvq icon__dots dots__detector icon-colored _3n-7Ho7DlfjMlZbrRr9Q4a icon-themeable" title="" font-size="22"></span>文章部分</GydF4y2Babutton> <div class="sc-bEjcJn jLUVhb static_contents__section_links links__hidden "> <div id="leftSectionMenu" class="sc-cbkKFq prcY sc-bGbJRg dVCLgr left_section_menu"> <p>在这一页上</GydF4y2Bap> <span class="sc-likbZx bBmZJZ grey" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-ePZHVD ewHMLz" href="#abstract" aria-label="">摘要</一种></span> <span class="sc-likbZx bBmZJZ grey" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-ePZHVD ewHMLz" href="#introduction" aria-label="">介绍</一种></span> <span class="sc-likbZx bBmZJZ grey" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-ePZHVD ewHMLz" href="#applications" aria-label="">应用程序</一种></span> <span class="sc-likbZx bBmZJZ grey" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-ePZHVD ewHMLz" href="#acknowledgments" aria-label="">致谢</一种></span> <span class="sc-likbZx bBmZJZ grey" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-ePZHVD ewHMLz" href="#references" aria-label="">参考</一种></span> <span class="sc-likbZx bBmZJZ grey" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-ePZHVD ewHMLz" href="#copyright" aria-label="">版权</一种></span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="threeColumn__ContentWrapper-sc-1bf4078-3 bbzREB contentWrapper"> <div class="threeColumn__Content-sc-1bf4078-4 jknsZc content"> <div class="articleContent__ArticleContentsWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-0 eSvjPB article_contents"> <div class="articleContent__ArticleContentsSectionsWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-1 jntdRu article_contents__sections_wrapper"> <div class="articleContent__ArticleWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-2 hAzjHP"> <div class="sc-chbbiW mBGSe article_header_class"> <p class="sc-kZmsYB bkiEfx article_type">研究文章|<GydF4y2Ba!-- -->开放访问</GydF4y2Bap> <div class="sc-RcBXQ ztvYg article_citation"> 体积<GydF4y2Ba!-- --> 2012<GydF4y2Ba!-- --> <span class="sc-fZwumE cUsFHx">|</GydF4y2Baspan>文章ID.<GydF4y2Ba!-- --> 365165.<GydF4y2Ba!-- --> <span class="sc-fZwumE cUsFHx">|</GydF4y2Baspan> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-fQejPQ duuwge" href="https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/365165" aria-label="Doi-link">https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/365165</一种> </div> <div class="sc-LKuAh lcOiDF article_full_citation"> <div class="sc-hzNEM gsmOCv isHide"> <p>黎志昌、甘志平、梁志昌、李国英、谭爱民、何淑丽、谭慧英、刘淑英<GydF4y2Ba!-- -->那<GydF4y2Ba!-- --> “<GydF4y2Baspan class="adjust-article-svg-size">香港列车振动和火车重量测量光纤传感系统的开发</GydF4y2Baspan>“，<GydF4y2Ba!-- --><i>中国传感器杂志</一世>那<GydF4y2Ba!-- --> 卷。<GydF4y2Ba!-- -->2012<GydF4y2Ba!-- -->那<GydF4y2Ba!-- --> 文章ID.<GydF4y2Ba!-- -->365165.<GydF4y2Ba!-- -->那<GydF4y2Ba!-- --> 7.<GydF4y2Ba!-- -->   页面<GydF4y2Ba!-- -->那<GydF4y2Ba!-- --> 2012<GydF4y2Ba!-- -->．<GydF4y2Ba!-- --> https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/365165</GydF4y2Bap> </div> <button class="sc-hSdWYo etauus sc-iBEsjs kPshFw" color="">显示引文</GydF4y2Babutton> </div> <h1 class="sc-iRbamj jZOxOO sc-iSDuPN drIPpp article_title adjust-article-svg-size heading-title">香港列车振动和火车重量测量光纤传感系统的开发</GydF4y2Bah1> </div> <div class="sc-jrIrqw eHMFfo article_authors"> <hr class="sc-cEvuZC XkrFe hr__author"> <span class="">c . c .赖<GydF4y2Ba!-- -->那<GydF4y2Basup>1</GydF4y2Basup></span> <span class="">雅各布C. P. Kam<GydF4y2Ba!-- -->那<GydF4y2Basup>2</GydF4y2Basup></span> <span class="">梁志强<GydF4y2Ba!-- -->那<GydF4y2Basup>2</GydF4y2Basup></span> <span class=""><b>Tony K. Y. Lee</GydF4y2Bab><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link" href="mailto:" aria-label="Mail Option"><span class="sc-htoDjs kNoiZu sc-hjRWVT irNWJI icon-colored _2zt-1j0LmaF8UjTQAM413G icon-themeable" title="" font-size="16"></span></a>那<GydF4y2Basup>2</GydF4y2Basup></span> <span class="">Aiken Y. M. Tam<GydF4y2Ba!-- -->那<GydF4y2Basup>2</GydF4y2Basup></span> <span class="">s . l .何<GydF4y2Ba!-- -->那<GydF4y2Basup>1</GydF4y2Basup></span> <span class="">h . y . Tam<GydF4y2Ba!-- -->那<GydF4y2Basup>1</GydF4y2Basup> 和</GydF4y2Baspan> <span class="">Michael S. Y. Liu<GydF4y2Basup>1</GydF4y2Basup></span> <div class="sc-fHxwqH dMuGGA isHide"> <p><sup>1</GydF4y2Basup><span>香港理工大学电机工程系，香港九龙</GydF4y2Baspan></p> <p><sup>2</GydF4y2Basup><span>澳洲交通铁路，佛兰铁路房，佛兰州，沙田，香港</GydF4y2Baspan></p> </div> <button class="sc-hSdWYo etauus sc-iQtOjA kfDwZY" color="">展示更多</GydF4y2Babutton> </div> <div class="articleContent__EditorWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-3 evMkvU"> <div class="articleContent__TextWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-8 fYrLtk"> <b>学术编辑器:</GydF4y2Bab>Yu-Lung Lo</D.一世v> <div class="articleContent__PublicationTimeLineWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-4 fjviok"> <div class="articleContent__PublcationCol-sc-2yl9jy-5 hgKieC notPublished"> <span class="articleContent__PublicationField-sc-2yl9jy-6 cIribm">收到了</GydF4y2Baspan> <span class="articleContent__PublicationValue-sc-2yl9jy-7 khHUcu">2012年4月3日</GydF4y2Baspan> </div> <div class="articleContent__PublcationCol-sc-2yl9jy-5 hgKieC notPublished"> <span class="articleContent__PublicationField-sc-2yl9jy-6 cIribm">公认</GydF4y2Baspan> <span class="articleContent__PublicationValue-sc-2yl9jy-7 khHUcu">2012年5月29日</GydF4y2Baspan> </div> <div class="articleContent__PublcationCol-sc-2yl9jy-5 hgKieC isPublished"> <span class="articleContent__PublicationField-sc-2yl9jy-6 cIribm">发表</GydF4y2Baspan> <span class="articleContent__PublicationValue-sc-2yl9jy-7 khHUcu">2012年7月10</GydF4y2Baspan> </div> </div> </div> <article class="sc-jtRlXQ iASKvs article_body "> <div> <div class="xml-content"> <h4 class="header" id="abstract">摘要</GydF4y2Bah4> <p>在香港设计并测试了一种新颖的操作系统，用于检测使用FBG传感网络的火车振动和火车重量。该系统的目的是用于列车的实时条件监测。由于光学系统的快速响应，可以在其正常服务期间实时监测列车，而无需任何特殊的布置。因此，可以实现条件检查，而无需在铁路系统的操作条件上发生任何破坏。</GydF4y2Bap> <span class="end-abs"></span> <h4 id="introduction">1.介绍</GydF4y2Bah4> <p>在香港这样严重依赖公共交通系统的现代城市，列车健康状况监测变得越来越重要。由于公众对公共交通的严重依赖，任何公共交通系统出现长时间的延误都是不可想象的，更不用说许多天的服务中断了。在过去，通常使用基于时间间隔或基于里程的调度来规划维护工作的传统方法。然而，众所周知，并非所有的系统都是完全相同的，因此排队方式可能不是铁路行业的最佳安排。换句话说，有些列车应该提前检修，有些列车即使已经安排了例行检查，也不需要检查。为了充分利用有限的维护资源，一个可靠的列车健康状态监测系统至关重要。</GydF4y2Bap> <p>本文介绍了一种使用光纤的新型健康监测系统。光纤传感器的好处是电磁免疫（EMI），可靠性和耐用性。实际上，EMI是至关重要的，因为在主线列车中有25 kV架空线，并且还有数百个，如果不是数千个电流在返回轨道中流动的电流。使用光纤作为传感元件和传输介质的使用可以最小化来自牵引电动机的电磁波的干扰以及主线系统的电力线。</GydF4y2Bap> <p>本研究中被利用的光学传感器基于光纤布拉格光栅（FBG）技术[<一种href="#B1">1</一种>-<一种href="#B4">4.</一种>]。FBG传感器网络安装在香港的2.5公里长的轨道上，它靠近东涌站和东涌行的山区山区之间的SIU Ho Wan Depot（Shd）。</GydF4y2Bap> <p>为了验证测量数据，我们于2012年9月20日上午11:41:42.6对载有已知重量沙袋的车辆的“TCL 08”列车进行了测试。记录的数据在脱机时进行仔细分析。本文所述的基于校准结果的防脱轨系统已投入使用。</GydF4y2Bap> <h4 id="fibre-bragg-grating-sensors-network">2.光纤布拉格光栅传感器网络</GydF4y2Bah4> <p>光纤布拉格光栅(Fiber Bragg grating, FBG)是一种在光纤上用于传感应变或温度变化的光学传感器。FBG传感器由于其快速和快速的时间响应以及其电磁干扰特性而被选择用于正在进行的研究。</GydF4y2Bap> <h5 id="sec2.1">2.1。FBG的工作原理</GydF4y2Bah5> <p>光纤布拉格光栅（FBG）传感器是通过检测反射波长的光的变化来测量菌株的光学装置。FBG传感器可以在短度上制造（<一世>≈</一世>1厘米）单模光纤，通过将传感器暴露于紫外光通过相位掩模来实现薄的单模光纤。<一种href="#B8">5.</一种>，如图所示<一种href="//www.newsama.com/journals/js/2012/365165/fig1/" target="_blank">1</一种>．</GydF4y2Bap> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig1"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig1"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="365165.fig.001" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/js/volume-2012/365165/figures/365165.fig.001.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图1</GydF4y2Baspan> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/js/2012/365165/fig1/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> 利用紫外光和掩模制造光学传感器。</T.一种ble> </div> </div> </div> <p>FBG传感器由短长度的周期性折射率组成[<一种href="#B5">6.</一种>]更改，如图所示<一种href="//www.newsama.com/journals/js/2012/365165/fig2/" target="_blank">2</一种>在光纤内。光源用于将光谱带传递到光纤的发送端。如果没有FBG传感器，则光通过光纤无阻碍。当存在FBG传感器时，光谱的波长的窄带反射回发送端，并且通过光学询问器分析这些反射波长。被反射的光具有频谱，其表征周期性折射率变化的间距（例如，两个周期性标记之间的分离）。它可以在图中看到<一种href="//www.newsama.com/journals/js/2012/365165/fig2/" target="_blank">2</一种>如果输入波长为1 2 3 4的光被输入光纤，它就是波长<GydF4y2Basvg height="10.9125" id="M1" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:38.200001px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 38.200001 10.9125" width="38.200001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.165419" y="0"> =</T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.205809" y="0"> 3.</T.span> </text> </g> </g> </svg>哪个会反射回来，因为光栅满足布拉格条件<GydF4y2Basvg height="10.8125" id="M2" style="vertical-align:-0.10033pt;width:56.950001px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 56.950001 10.8125" width="56.950001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.8125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.35)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.165419" y="0"> =</T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.205809" y="0"> 2</T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.457308" y="0"> </T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.671299" y="0"> Λ</T.span> </text> </g> </g> </svg>，在哪里<GydF4y2Basvg height="10.325" id="M3" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:11.625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.625 10.325" width="11.625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </T.span> </text> </g> </g> </svg>是布拉格波长，<GydF4y2Basvg height="7.1374998" id="M4" style="vertical-align:-0.10033pt;width:7.8874998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 7.8874998 7.1374998" width="7.8874998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.1375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-66.29)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </T.span> </text> </g> </g> </svg>是芯材的折射率，<GydF4y2Basvg height="10.6625" id="M5" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:11.1px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.1 10.6625" width="11.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.6625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.47)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.52)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> Λ</T.span> </text> </g> </g> </svg>是光栅的间距由在FBG题字期间由相位掩模定义。波长1,2和4的其余部分通过光栅透射。当FBG受到应变时变化（即，当FBG传感器延伸时，音调变长时，当FBG传感器被压缩时变短），反射波长将存在相应的变化。由于测量的参数是不受电磁场影响的光的波长，因此该方法免受电磁干扰的影响，因此在电磁嘈杂的环境中的任何电监测系统中的内部更稳定，在电气化的铁路中是典型的。</GydF4y2Bap> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig2"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig2"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="365165.fig.002" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/js/volume-2012/365165/figures/365165.fig.002.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图2.</GydF4y2Baspan> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/js/2012/365165/fig2/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> 光纤上刻录光纤光栅后芯部反射指数的变化。</T.一种ble> </div> </div> </div> <h5 id="sec2.2">2.2。FBG传感器网络</GydF4y2Bah5> <p>安装的FBG传感器网络包括光纤中的许多FBG。光纤的长度可以长到100km，并且许多具有不同光栅特性的FBG可以在相同的光纤上刻录，该光纤连接到市售的询问器系统，如图所示<一种href="//www.newsama.com/journals/js/2012/365165/fig3/" target="_blank">3.</一种>在控制室。该询问系统还连接到具有应用程序的计算机，该应用程序是在内部开发的，用于列车振动监测和训练称重。</GydF4y2Bap> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig3"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig3"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="365165.fig.003" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/js/volume-2012/365165/figures/365165.fig.003.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图3.</GydF4y2Baspan> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/js/2012/365165/fig3/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> SHD列车负荷平衡指标监测系统原理图。传感器组1543、1547、1552、1557安装在上行轨道上，传感器组1531、1535、1538、1540安装在下行轨道上。</T.一种ble> </div> </div> </div> <p>数字<一种href="//www.newsama.com/journals/js/2012/365165/fig4/" target="_blank">4.</一种>展示了一个典型的拾音器，从安装在轨道上的传感器与12节车厢的火车通道。值得注意的是，一辆车有4个轮子，因此上面数字左侧的前四个高峰对应第一辆车。可以看出，第6和第8辆车振动比较多(从左边数)，这样的观察可以让工程师注意到振动异常或过大的车。随后的调查显示，6号和8号车的车轮存在圆度问题，这将在本文的后续章节中进行更详细的描述。</GydF4y2Bap> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig4"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig4"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="（一种）“N一种me="365165.fig.004a" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/js/volume-2012/365165/figures/365165.fig.004a.jpg"> <br> <strong>（一种）</GydF4y2Bastrong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="（b）“N一种me="365165.fig.004b" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/js/volume-2012/365165/figures/365165.fig.004b.jpg"> <br> <strong>（b）</GydF4y2Bastrong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs fig-thumbs-fig4"> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(a)"><img alt="（一种）“N一种me="365165.fig.004a" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/js/volume-2012/365165/figures/365165.fig.004a.jpg"><br><strong>（一种）</GydF4y2Bastrong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(b)"><img alt="（b）“N一种me="365165.fig.004b" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/js/volume-2012/365165/figures/365165.fig.004b.jpg"><br><strong>（b）</GydF4y2Bastrong></button> </div> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev fig-nav-fig4"> <button class="carousel-prev" aria-label="Previous"></button> <button class="carousel-next" aria-label="Next"></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图4.</GydF4y2Baspan> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/js/2012/365165/fig4/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> 一列12节车厢的火车通过时，安装在轨道上的光学传感器检测到的张力。</T.一种ble> </div> </div> </div> <h4 id="applications">3.应用程序</GydF4y2Bah4> <h5 id="sec3.1">3.1。监测火车车轮的缺陷</GydF4y2Bah5> <p>随着传感器的安装在轨道上，可以容易地进行大量的调查。例如，从轨道的应变测量中，证实有一些嘈杂的列车。怀疑这些嘈杂的火车可能具有相对不完美的轮子。因此，进行了一系列测试。第一次测试是识别嘈杂的火车（一个火车生产菌株，如图所示的上半部分所示<一种href="//www.newsama.com/journals/js/2012/365165/fig4/" target="_blank">4.</一种>)，使用安装在轨道上的光纤bg传感器。</GydF4y2Bap> <p>FBG菌株的车轮缺陷检测原理[<一种href="#B4">4.</一种>]传感器安装在轨道的基础上，车轮缺陷，如凸缘坑，车轮扁，特别是外圆车轮，也称为多边形车轮，将对轨道施加周期性的冲击力。在这项工作中，发现一个不完美的车轮将产生一个不均匀的应变脉冲在轨道上。相反，新转动的车轮会产生对称的应变脉冲。在另一种方法中，有人试图将轴间振动联系起来，如图所示<一种href="//www.newsama.com/journals/js/2012/365165/fig5/" target="_blank">5.</一种>带有超越的轮子。为了比较来自两个不同的系统的参数，通过考虑总体的列车速度，振动频率和幅度来计算互相振动，通过考虑整个列车速度，振动频率和幅度（图<一种href="//www.newsama.com/journals/js/2012/365165/fig6/" target="_blank">6.</一种>）。</GydF4y2Bap> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig5"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig5"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="365165.fig.005" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/js/volume-2012/365165/figures/365165.fig.005.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图5.</GydF4y2Baspan> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/js/2012/365165/fig5/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> 由于一列嘈杂的火车驶过，铁轨上出现了紧张的声音。</T.一种ble> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig6"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig6"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="365165.fig.006" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/js/volume-2012/365165/figures/365165.fig.006.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图6.</GydF4y2Baspan> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/js/2012/365165/fig6/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> 如何在振动波形之后被导出振动指数的图解解释，以便产生振动指数。</T.一种ble> </div> </div> </div> <p>然而，振动指数的细节推导是作者的专有信息，因此在本文中不能在太多细节中描述。数字<一种href="//www.newsama.com/journals/js/2012/365165/fig7/" target="_blank">7.</一种>显示从嘈杂的火车获得的振动指数。</GydF4y2Bap> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig7"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig7"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="365165.fig.007" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/js/volume-2012/365165/figures/365165.fig.007.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图7.</GydF4y2Baspan> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/js/2012/365165/fig7/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> 12辆汽车的振动指数。</T.一种ble> </div> </div> </div> <p>局部振动，例如汽车6和8（从左侧计数）<一种href="//www.newsama.com/journals/js/2012/365165/fig7/" target="_blank">7.</一种>有一个振动指数<GydF4y2Basvg height="11.5125" id="M6" style="vertical-align:-0.51414pt;width:30.362499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 30.362499 11.5125" width="30.362499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.5125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.79)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.2515001" y="0"> ．</T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.3772497" y="0"> 5.</T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.62875" y="0"> +</T.span> </text> </g> </g> </svg>这比同一列车中的其他汽车的振动指数低于1.1。</GydF4y2Bap> <p>火车车轮的轮子与圆形（汽车编号6和8）[<一种href="#B7">7.</一种>)测量。</GydF4y2Bap> <p>在往复下测量后，汽车数6上的车轮在汽车第8页上的车轮被视为对照之后。转弯后的轮子在0.05至0.07 mm之间。服务列车的应变图案和振动指数如图所示<一种href="//www.newsama.com/journals/js/2012/365165/fig8/" target="_blank">8.</一种>从哪一个可以观察到，在车轮转动后已经消除了汽车数6的振动，而汽车数8的振动仍然存在。通过比较数字<一种href="//www.newsama.com/journals/js/2012/365165/fig7/" target="_blank">7.</一种>与图<一种href="//www.newsama.com/journals/js/2012/365165/fig9/" target="_blank">9.</一种>，可以看出，8号车(未翻轮)的振动指数仍然很高，在1.9左右，而6号车(翻轮)的振动指数则从1.8大幅下降到0.8。这表明，由FBG应变传感器测量结果推导出的振动指数是区分非圆度车轮和健康车轮的有效手段。</GydF4y2Bap> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig8"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig8"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="365165.fig.008" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/js/volume-2012/365165/figures/365165.fig.008.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图8.</GydF4y2Baspan> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/js/2012/365165/fig8/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> 车轮转动后的应变读数。</T.一种ble> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig9"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig9"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="365165.fig.009" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/js/volume-2012/365165/figures/365165.fig.009.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图9.</GydF4y2Baspan> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/js/2012/365165/fig9/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> 火车的振动指数与汽车10的车轮转动。</T.一种ble> </div> </div> </div> <h5 id="sec3.2">３．２．列车重量测量</GydF4y2Bah5> <p>当列车经过光纤光栅的安装位置时，由于轨道的变形，光纤光栅的布拉格波长会发生变化。数据由一台采样频率为1000赫兹的计算机记录。波形如图所示<一种href="//www.newsama.com/journals/js/2012/365165/fig10/" target="_blank">10.</一种>以下。</GydF4y2Bap> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig10"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig10"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="365165.fig.0010" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/js/volume-2012/365165/figures/365165.fig.0010.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图10.</GydF4y2Baspan> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/js/2012/365165/fig10/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> 当火车的车轮穿过时，使用FBG测量。</T.一种ble> </div> </div> </div> <p>在研究的初始阶段，我们直观地发现，波峰的振幅如<GydF4y2Basvg height="10.6875" id="M7" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:17.225px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.225 10.6875" width="17.225" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.6875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.45)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.4267821" y="0"> 1</T.span> </text> </g> </g> </svg>如图所示<一种href="//www.newsama.com/journals/js/2012/365165/fig10/" target="_blank">10.</一种>广泛对应于轴的重量。然而，应注意，峰的幅度可以以不同的方式找到。因此，提出了以下四种方法，如下所述。这里，<GydF4y2Basvg height="10.9375" id="M8" style="vertical-align:-0.20064pt;width:22.25px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 22.25 10.9375" width="22.25" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.25)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.452748" y="0"> 1</T.span> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<GydF4y2Basvg height="10.9375" id="M9" style="vertical-align:-0.20064pt;width:22.25px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 22.25 10.9375" width="22.25" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.25)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.452748" y="0"> 2</T.span> </text> </g> </g> </svg>被定义为同一转向架的轴1和2的相应重量。<GydF4y2Basvg height="10.6875" id="M10" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:17.225px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.225 10.6875" width="17.225" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.6875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.45)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.4267821" y="0"> 1</T.span> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<GydF4y2Basvg height="10.6875" id="M11" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:17.225px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.225 10.6875" width="17.225" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.6875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.45)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.4267821" y="0"> 2</T.span> </text> </g> </g> </svg>是由载荷激发的信号的峰值分别被施加到轴1和轴2。<GydF4y2Basvg height="10.9375" id="M12" style="vertical-align:-0.20064pt;width:16.924999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16.924999 10.9375" width="16.924999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.25)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.1892252" y="0"> 1</T.span> </text> </g> </g> </svg>那<GydF4y2Basvg height="10.9375" id="M13" style="vertical-align:-0.20064pt;width:16.924999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16.924999 10.9375" width="16.924999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.25)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.1892252" y="0"> 2</T.span> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,<GydF4y2Basvg height="10.9375" id="M14" style="vertical-align:-0.20064pt;width:16.924999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16.924999 10.9375" width="16.924999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.25)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.1892252" y="0"> 3.</T.span> </text> </g> </g> </svg>是当火车车已经远离轨道时产生的相应山谷。然后可以从下面给出的四种方法找到轴的重量：</GydF4y2Bap> <p>方法1：<GydF4y2Basvg height="13.45" id="M15" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:103.6px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 103.6 13.45" width="103.6" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.45)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.452748" y="0"> 1</T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.16758" y="0"> =</T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.20797" y="0"> （</T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.371468" y="0"> </T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="44.798248" y="0"> 1</T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="53.825417" y="0"> -</T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="65.165634" y="0"> </T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="72.354858" y="0"> 1</T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="78.606361" y="0"> ）</T.span> </text> </g> </g> </svg>;<GydF4y2Basvg height="13.45" id="M16" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:103.6px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 103.6 13.45" width="103.6" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.45)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.452748" y="0"> 2</T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.16758" y="0"> =</T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.20797" y="0"> （</T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.371468" y="0"> </T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="44.798248" y="0"> 2</T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="53.825417" y="0"> -</T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="65.165634" y="0"> </T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="72.354858" y="0"> 2</T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="78.606361" y="0"> ）</T.span> </text> </g> </g> </svg>那</GydF4y2Bap> <p>方法2:<GydF4y2Basvg height="13.45" id="M17" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:103.6px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 103.6 13.45" width="103.6" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.45)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.452748" y="0"> 1</T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.16758" y="0"> =</T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.20797" y="0"> （</T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.371468" y="0"> </T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="44.798248" y="0"> 1</T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="53.825417" y="0"> -</T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="65.165634" y="0"> </T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="72.354858" y="0"> 2</T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="78.606361" y="0"> ）</T.span> </text> </g> </g> </svg>;<GydF4y2Basvg height="13.45" id="M18" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:103.6px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 103.6 13.45" width="103.6" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.45)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.452748" y="0"> 2</T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.16758" y="0"> =</T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.20797" y="0"> （</T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.371468" y="0"> </T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="44.798248" y="0"> 2</T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="53.825417" y="0"> -</T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="65.165634" y="0"> </T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="72.354858" y="0"> 3.</T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="78.606361" y="0"> ）</T.span> </text> </g> </g> </svg>那</GydF4y2Bap> <p>方法3：<GydF4y2Basvg height="13.45" id="M19" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:160.625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 160.625 13.45" width="160.625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.45)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.452748" y="0"> 1</T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.16758" y="0"> =</T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.20797" y="0"> （</T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.371468" y="0"> </T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="44.798248" y="0"> 1</T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="53.825417" y="0"> -</T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="65.165634" y="0"> （</T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="69.329132" y="0"> </T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="76.518356" y="0"> 1</T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="85.558029" y="0"> +</T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="96.898247" y="0"> </T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="104.08748" y="0"> 2</T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="110.33897" y="0"> ）</T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="114.50247" y="0"> /</T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="117.97831" y="0"> 2</T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="124.2298" y="0"> ）</T.span> </text> </g> </g> </svg>;<GydF4y2Basvg height="13.45" id="M20" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:160.625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 160.625 13.45" width="160.625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.45)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.452748" y="0"> 2</T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.16758" y="0"> =</T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.20797" y="0"> （</T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.371468" y="0"> </T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="44.798248" y="0"> 2</T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="53.825417" y="0"> -</T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="65.165634" y="0"> （</T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="69.329132" y="0"> </T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="76.518356" y="0"> 2</T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="85.558029" y="0"> +</T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="96.898247" y="0"> </T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="104.08748" y="0"> 3.</T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="110.33897" y="0"> ）</T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="114.50247" y="0"> /</T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="117.97831" y="0"> 2</T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="124.2298" y="0"> ）</T.span> </text> </g> </g> </svg>那</GydF4y2Bap> <p>方法4:<GydF4y2Basvg height="10.9375" id="M21" style="vertical-align:-0.20064pt;width:58.737499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 58.737499 10.9375" width="58.737499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.25)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.452748" y="0"> 1</T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.16758" y="0"> =</T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.20797" y="0"> </T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.63475" y="0"> 1</T.span> </text> </g> </g> </svg>;<GydF4y2Basvg height="10.9375" id="M22" style="vertical-align:-0.20064pt;width:58.737499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 58.737499 10.9375" width="58.737499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.25)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.452748" y="0"> 2</T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.16758" y="0"> =</T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.20797" y="0"> </T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.63475" y="0"> 2</T.span> </text> </g> </g> </svg>．</GydF4y2Bap> <h6 id="sec3.2.1">3.2.1之上。静态权重数据</GydF4y2Bah6> <p>测量了“TCL 08”列车所有车轮的重量，然后将静态数据与fbg测得的应变进行比较。</GydF4y2Bap> <h6 id="sec3.2.2">3.2.2。测量结果</GydF4y2Bah6> <p>“TCL 08”trainset的波长信号如图所示<一种href="//www.newsama.com/journals/js/2012/365165/fig11/" target="_blank">11.</一种>．这些信号在下行轨道中测量。</GydF4y2Bap> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig11"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig11"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="365165.fig.0011" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/js/volume-2012/365165/figures/365165.fig.0011.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图11.</GydF4y2Baspan> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/js/2012/365165/fig11/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> 在下行轨道中测量的Trainset“TCL 08”的波长信号。</T.一种ble> </div> </div> </div> <p>由波长变化得到的应变将被输入应用程序，然后与静态权重数据进行比较。为了校准系统，当火车在安装了FBG传感器的轨道上非常缓慢地移动时，将一个轴的静态重量等效为FBG信号的振幅。这个比值等于FBG信号的轴重/幅值，然后用它来转换列车重量中每个FBG信号的动态幅值。四种方法求FBG信号幅值的结果如表所示<一种href="//www.newsama.com/journals/js/2012/365165/tab1/" target="_blank">1</一种>．最好的方案是方法4，它的误差百分比最小。四个fbg的平均误差为10.39%，考虑到列车的“动态”重量通常被认为比静态重量高10%，测量数据被认为与静态数据具有极好的一致性。</GydF4y2Bap> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="tab1"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-tab1"> <table class="table-group" id="tab1"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <table class="table"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="5"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr class="thead"> <td align="left" colspan="5">轨道</T.D.> </tr> <tr class="thead"> <td align="left">错误％</T.D.> <td align="center">方法1</T.D.> <td align="center">方法2</T.D.> <td align="center">方法3</T.D.> <td align="center">方法4</T.D.> </tr> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="5"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">光纤光栅1、2</T.D.> <td align="center">11.51</T.D.> <td align="center">12.51</T.D.> <td align="center">14.39</T.D.> <td align="center">12.48</T.D.> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">FBG 3,4.</T.D.> <td align="center">11.53</T.D.> <td align="center">13.10</T.D.> <td align="center">12.59</T.D.> <td align="center">9.94</T.D.> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" colspan="5"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" colspan="5">了跟踪</T.D.> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">错误％</T.D.> <td align="center">方法1</T.D.> <td align="center">方法2</T.D.> <td align="center">方法3</T.D.> <td align="center">方法4</T.D.> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" colspan="5"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">光纤光栅1、2</T.D.> <td align="center">14.43</T.D.> <td align="center">14.37</T.D.> <td align="center">12.00</T.D.> <td align="center">9.40</T.D.> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">FBG 3,4.</T.D.> <td align="center">12.36</T.D.> <td align="center">12.82</T.D.> <td align="center">12.34</T.D.> <td align="center">9.74</T.D.> </tr> <tr class="table-tr"> <td colspan="5"> <hr class="tbody-hr"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">表1</GydF4y2Baspan> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/js/2012/365165/tab1/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> 四种方法的结果。</D.一世v> </div> </div> <h5 id="sec3.3">3.3。火车天线系统</GydF4y2Bah5> <p>在铁路上运行火车最重要的安全评估之一是出轨的可能性，特别是在谈判曲线和轨道扭转方面。脱轨的可能性非常依赖于轨道和车辆的调节。前者是指在轨道几何形状上的维护限制的偏差，而后者是指车辆悬架系统的条件以及其轮廓。除非有在线在职检查，否则必须检查两个条件的检查将必须在禁用时间内完成。</GydF4y2Bap> <p>由轨道扭转引起的脱轨与水平引导力和前轮的垂直轮载的减小的组合有关。两个力矢量的所得到的，可以使引导轮爬轨道。</GydF4y2Bap> <p>纳达尔的限制(<GydF4y2Basvg height="10.325" id="M23" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:11.6125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.6125 10.325" width="11.6125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </T.span> </text> </g> </g> </svg>/<GydF4y2Basvg height="12.925" id="M24" style="vertical-align:-1.90608pt;width:12.325px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 12.325 12.925" width="12.325" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.925)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.66)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.61)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </T.span> </text> </g> </g> </svg>）在横向力上（<GydF4y2Basvg height="10.325" id="M25" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:11.6125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.6125 10.325" width="11.6125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </T.span> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)，以评估车轮是否脱轨及其垂直载荷(<GydF4y2Basvg height="12.925" id="M26" style="vertical-align:-1.90608pt;width:12.325px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 12.325 12.925" width="12.325" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.925)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.66)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.61)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </T.span> </text> </g> </g> </svg>）用于测量法兰攀爬的概率。它必须保持可接受的极限。数字<一种href="//www.newsama.com/journals/js/2012/365165/fig12/" target="_blank">12.</一种>表示轮轨界面处的力的关系。</GydF4y2Bap> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig12"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig12"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="365165.fig.0012" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/js/volume-2012/365165/figures/365165.fig.0012.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图12.</GydF4y2Baspan> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/js/2012/365165/fig12/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> 车轮/轨道接口力的关系。</T.一种ble> </div> </div> </div> <p>作为侧向力[<一种href="#B6">8.</一种>]不可避免地出现在谈判轨道曲线和扭曲中的火车车轮，重要的是要确保车轮组必须设计成具有足够的垂直载荷来使Y / Q比率保持在限制范围内。</GydF4y2Bap> <p>因此，轮对之间的负荷转移是至关重要的，必须控制在合理的限度内，即从一个轮转移到另一个轮的负荷不超过60%，如(<一种href="#EEq1">1</一种>），在哪里<GydF4y2Basvg height="14.4625" id="M27" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:18.424999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 18.424999 14.4625" width="18.424999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.4625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.43)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.61)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </T.span> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.19,60.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</T.span> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<GydF4y2Basvg height="14.4625" id="M28" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:18.424999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 18.424999 14.4625" width="18.424999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.4625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.43)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.61)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </T.span> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.19,60.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</T.span> </text> </g> </g> </svg>是在轨道上采用同一轴的两个轮子的垂直载荷：<GydF4y2Baspan class="equation" id="EEq1"> <svg height="45.787498" id="M29" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 45.787498" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,45.7875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-35.37)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,97.66,50.56)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> O.</T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.2515001" y="0"> FF.</T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.815815" y="0"> -</T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.979315" y="0"> L.</T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.455149" y="0"> O.</T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.706648" y="0"> 一种</T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.25798" y="0"> D.</T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.50948" y="0"> 一世</T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.985313" y="0"> N</T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="49.236813" y="0"> G</T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="57.576317" y="0"> R.</T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="61.72731" y="0"> 一种</T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="67.278641" y="0"> T.</T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="70.754478" y="0"> 一世</T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="74.230309" y="0"> O.</T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="83.75" y="-7.9099998"> Δ</T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="92.777168" y="-7.9099998"> </T.span> </text> <g> <path d="m 181.41,53.68 18.79,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,185.92,41.81)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.950001" y="-8.75"> =</T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.349998" y="-16.809999"> </T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.200001" y="-19.32"> </T.span> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,237.89,58.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</T.span> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,249.71,61.13)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> -</T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.50372" y="0"> </T.span> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,274.98,58.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</T.span> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,279.86,58.62)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </T.span> </text> <g> <path d="m 222.27,53.68 63.44,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,222.27,37.47)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.8499999" y="-2.51"> </T.span> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,237.89,36.85)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</T.span> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,249.71,39.98)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.50372" y="0"> </T.span> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,274.98,36.85)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</T.span> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,279.86,37.47)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.52" y="-13.09"> <</T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.547886" y="-13.09"> 0.</T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.799385" y="-13.09"> ．</T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.925137" y="-13.09"> 6.</T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.176636" y="-13.09"> ．</T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="194.25999" y="-13.09"> （</T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="198.42349" y="-13.09"> 1</T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="204.675" y="-13.09"> ）</T.span> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></p> <p>车轮作用在轨道上的火车重量会对轨道梁产生拉应变和应力。通过把FBG放在轨道上，它们相应的变化在<GydF4y2Basvg height="10.6625" id="M30" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:11.1px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.1 10.6625" width="11.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.6625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.47)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.52)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> Λ</T.span> </text> </g> </g> </svg>可以容易地检测。实际上，FBG光栅的变化<GydF4y2Basvg height="10.6625" id="M31" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:11.1px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.1 10.6625" width="11.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.6625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.47)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.52)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> Λ</T.span> </text> </g> </g> </svg>感觉到的变化会表现为<GydF4y2Basvg height="10.8125" id="M32" style="vertical-align:-0.20064pt;width:8.5749998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.5749998 10.8125" width="8.5749998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.8125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.35)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </T.span> </text> </g> </g> </svg>因此，根据所描述的原理，列车的重量将触发波长的形状变化(<GydF4y2Basvg height="10.9125" id="M33" style="vertical-align:-0.20064pt;width:19.862499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 19.862499 10.9125" width="19.862499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.52)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> Δ</T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.0271664" y="0"> </T.span> </text> </g> </g> </svg>）。一旦捕获，它将代表作用在轨道上的车轮的重量<GydF4y2Basvg height="12.925" id="M34" style="vertical-align:-1.90608pt;width:12.325px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 12.325 12.925" width="12.325" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.925)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.66)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.61)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </T.span> </text> </g> </g> </svg>．</GydF4y2Bap> <p>作为非加载比率<GydF4y2Basvg height="13.0625" id="M35" style="vertical-align:-1.90608pt;width:40.162498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 40.162498 13.0625" width="40.162498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.0625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.55)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> Δ</T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.0271664" y="0"> </T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.792009" y="0"> /</T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.267843" y="0"> </T.span> </text> </g> </g> </svg>只考虑载荷的相对比而不考虑车辆重量的绝对值，因此，温度的影响和需要微调和解析的传递函数<GydF4y2Basvg height="10.9125" id="M36" style="vertical-align:-0.20064pt;width:19.862499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 19.862499 10.9125" width="19.862499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.52)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> Δ</T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.0271664" y="0"> </T.span> </text> </g> </g> </svg>关于重量<GydF4y2Basvg height="12.925" id="M37" style="vertical-align:-1.90608pt;width:12.325px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 12.325 12.925" width="12.325" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.925)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.66)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.61)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </T.span> </text> </g> </g> </svg>不是一个关注的问题，因为他们都将取消衍生非加载比率<GydF4y2Basvg height="13.0625" id="M38" style="vertical-align:-1.90608pt;width:40.162498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 40.162498 13.0625" width="40.162498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.0625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.55)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> Δ</T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.0271664" y="0"> </T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.792009" y="0"> /</T.span> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.267843" y="0"> </T.span> </text> </g> </g> </svg>．</GydF4y2Bap> <p>值得注意的是，由于在确定潜在脱轨危险时，人们更关心轴两侧的轴重量的比例，因此没有真正需要非常准确地测量轴重量。事实上，传感器可以非常精确地测量轴重，这是一个额外的好处，它可能为未来更全面的智能铁路空调监控系统的开发提供进一步的智能。</GydF4y2Bap> <h4 id="summary">4.总结</GydF4y2Bah4> <p>设计了一种光纤光栅光学系统，并在商用铁路试验台上进行了测试。在25千伏供电的干线铁路上，电磁干扰可能造成严重问题。因此，本研究的重点是利用不受电磁干扰影响的光学传感器。从本质上说，这项研究报告了使用光纤光栅传感器来检测噪声列车的振动和列车重量，从而为现代铁路的基本要求——防脱轨系统的发展铺平了道路。</GydF4y2Bap> <p>由FBG传感器获得的响应信号是正的，足以进一步开发。除上述目标外，FBG系统可以为许多额外的铁路应用程序量身定制：<GydF4y2Baspan class="list"><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label">（一种）</GydF4y2Baspan><span class="list-content">计算给定部分（轨道电路占用）的轴的数量，即轴计数器，</GydF4y2Baspan></span><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label">（b）</GydF4y2Baspan><span class="list-content">通过跟踪轴基座，重量和汽车数量的各种火车股的差异来列车识别，</GydF4y2Baspan></span><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label">（C）</GydF4y2Baspan><span class="list-content">速度检测。</GydF4y2Baspan></span></span></p> <p>综上所述，一小块FBG传感器可以生成大量的列车运行信息，且数据完整性良好。在常规系统的基础上建立虚拟系统，作为运行和安全两方面的备用系统，可用于铁路列车运行性能的监控。</GydF4y2Bap> <p>特别是，FBG测轴系统可以建立在现有的移动闭塞信号系统的常规测轴系统之上，使虚拟轨道电路在紧急情况下或在非交通时间内运行工程列车时仍能保持运行。</GydF4y2Bap> <p>在FBG传感器技术的成熟之前，在高度保守的铁路行业的实际使用情况下，在其安装在铁轨上的进一步分析和测量将与其安装在轨道上。</GydF4y2Bap> <h4 id="acknowledgments">致谢</GydF4y2Bah4> <p>作者希望从MTR中承认支持，以允许在操作轨道线中进行许多测试。</GydF4y2Bap> </div> <div class="xml-content"> <h4 class="references" id="references">参考</GydF4y2Bah4> <ol> <li id="B1">P. 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Webb&publication_year=1996" target="_blank">谷歌学术</一种></span></li> </ol> </div> <div class="xml-content"> <h4 class="copyright" id="copyright">版权</GydF4y2Bah4> <p>版权所有©2012 C. C. Lai et al。这是一篇发布在<一种R.el="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/">创意公共归因许可证</一种>，允许在任何媒介上不受限制地使用、传播和复制，但必须正确引用原作。</GydF4y2Bap> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> <div class="biblio__Wrapper-sc-1nou1lz-0 eyHfWh journal_article__BiblioIntegratorWidget-sc-12fk6zy-5 dbAANp article_widget biblioWrapper hide"> <hr> <h4 class="biblio__H4-sc-1nou1lz-2 kgAKHb hrTitleRef">更多相关文章</GydF4y2Bah4> <div id="biblio_widget" class="biblio__BiblioWrapper-sc-1nou1lz-1 ObfEZ"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="threeColumn__RightWrapper-sc-1bf4078-2 jzTMLK rightWrapper" id="rightSectionMenu"> <div> <div class="journal_article__ArticleStickyTopToolbar-sc-12fk6zy-0 gbrQxi article_sticky_top_toolbar"> <div class="sc-cBdUnI hRnXob article_top_toolbar"> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-jtRfpW dIjoCg sc-exkUMo hymroZ pdf_desktop button__group" href="https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/js/2012/365165.pdf" aria-label="" target="_blank" id="toolbar__dcNavSmall"><span><img 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src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="24"><span class="text">下载引用</GydF4y2Baspan></span><span class="sc-htoDjs bqeMOy sc-dqBHgY cQgXqt fileArrow icon-colored _3P4iUn1NDM5G77nWCamJ4l icon-themeable" title="" font-size="20"></span></a> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-jtRfpW dIjoCg sc-BngTV hmDWcT ref_desktop" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/js/2012/365165.ris" aria-label="" target="" id="toolbar__dcNavSmall"><span><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl sc-kTUwUJ eujois" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="24"><span class="text">引文</GydF4y2Baspan></span><span class="sc-htoDjs bqeMOy sc-dqBHgY cQgXqt fileArrow icon-colored _3P4iUn1NDM5G77nWCamJ4l icon-themeable" title="" font-size="20"></span></a> </div> </div> <div class="journal_article__ArticleStickyBottomToolbar-sc-12fk6zy-1 isgRZA article_sticky_bottom_toolbar"> <div class="sc-cTjmhe ihmyEq article_bottom_toolbar"> <div class="sc-cugefK itFKcQ accordion" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8" id="toolbar__dofNav"> <span><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl sc-bfYoXt cGuwDn" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="24"><span class="sc-dRFtgE jrsDZP">下载其他格式</GydF4y2Baspan><span class="sc-gkFcWv gWTCXQ">更多的</GydF4y2Baspan></span> <span class="sc-htoDjs bMdQcY sc-gbOuXE jGPvPL icon-colored _1CwL9R82TPl2HxDleeYGDR icon-themeable" title="" font-size="11"></span> </div> <div class="sc-fnwBNb etzuBr"> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-iNhVCk gWgCNb open_panel" href="//www.newsama.com/downloads/journals/js/2012/365165.epub" aria-label="ePub" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"> <div class="sc-eAKXzc WHkfb"> epub.</D.一世v><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl sc-bfYoXt cGuwDn" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PD94bWwgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4wIiBlbmNvZGluZz0iVVRGLTgiPz4KPHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMjBweCIgaGVpZ2h0PSIyMnB4IiB2aWV3Qm94PSIwIDAgMjAgMjIiIHZlcnNpb249IjEuMSIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayI+CiAgICA8IS0tIEdlbmVyYXRvcjogU2tldGNoIDUzLjIgKDcyNjQzKSAtIGh0dHBzOi8vc2tldGNoYXBwLmNvbSAtLT4KICAgIDx0aXRsZT5jaGV2cm9uLWRvd24gY29weSAzPC90aXRsZT4KICAgIDxkZXNjPkNyZWF0ZWQgd2l0aCBTa2V0Y2guPC9kZXNjPgogICAgPGRlZnM+CiAgICAgICAgPHBhdGggZD0iTTExLDEzLjU4NTc4NjQgTDExLDIgQzExLDEuNDQ3NzE1MjUgMTEuNDQ3NzE1MywxIDEyLDEgQzEyLjU1MjI4NDcsMSAxMywxLjQ0NzcxNTI1IDEzLDIgTDEzLDEzLjU4NTc4NjQgTDE1LjI5Mjg5MzIsMTEuMjkyODkzMiBDMTUuNjgzNDE3NSwxMC45MDIzNjg5IDE2LjMxNjU4MjUsMTAuOTAyMzY4OSAxNi43MDcxMDY4LDExLjI5Mjg5MzIgQzE3LjA5NzYzMTEsMTEuNjgzNDE3NSAxNy4wOTc2MzExLDEyLjMxNjU4MjUgMTYuNzA3MTA2OCwxMi43MDcxMDY4IEwxMi43MDcxMDY4LDE2LjcwNzEwNjggQzEyLjMxNjU4MjUsMTcuMDk3NjMxMSAxMS42ODM0MTc1LDE3LjA5NzYzMTEgMTEuMjkyODkzMiwxNi43MDcxMDY4IEw3LjI5Mjg5MzIyLDEyLjcwNzEwNjggQzYuOTAyMzY4OTMsMTIuMzE2NTgyNSA2LjkwMjM2ODkzLDExLjY4MzQxNzUgNy4yOTI4OTMyMiwxMS4yOTI4OTMyIEM3LjY4MzQxNzUxLDEwLjkwMjM2ODkgOC4zMTY1ODI0OSwxMC45MDIzNjg5IDguNzA3MTA2NzgsMTEuMjkyODkzMiBMMTEsMTMuNTg1Nzg2NCBaIE0yLDE3IEMyLDE2LjQ0NzcxNTMgMi40NDc3MTUyNSwxNiAzLDE2IEMzLjU1MjI4NDc1LDE2IDQsMTYuNDQ3NzE1MyA0LDE3IEw0LDIwIEM0LDIwLjU1MjI4NDcgNC40NDc3MTUyNSwyMSA1LDIxIEwxOSwyMSBDMTkuNTUyMjg0NywyMSAyMCwyMC41NTIyODQ3IDIwLDIwIEwyMCwxNyBDMjAsMTYuNDQ3NzE1MyAyMC40NDc3MTUzLDE2IDIxLDE2IEMyMS41NTIyODQ3LDE2IDIyLDE2LjQ0NzcxNTMgMjIsMTcgTDIyLDIwIEMyMiwyMS42NTY4NTQyIDIwLjY1Njg1NDIsMjMgMTksMjMgTDUsMjMgQzMuMzQzMTQ1NzUsMjMgMiwyMS42NTY4NTQyIDIsMjAgTDIsMTcgWiIgaWQ9InBhdGgtMSI+PC9wYXRoPgogICAgPC9kZWZzPgogICAgPGcgaWQ9IlN5bWJvbHMiIHN0cm9rZT0ibm9uZSIgc3Ryb2tlLXdpZHRoPSIxIiBmaWxsPSJub25lIiBmaWxsLXJ1bGU9ImV2ZW5vZGQiPgogICAgICAgIDxnIGlkPSJTaWRlYmFycy9EZXNrdG9wL0FydGljbGUtU2lkZWJhciIgdHJhbnNmb3JtPSJ0cmFuc2xhdGUoLTI5MS4wMDAwMDAsIC0xMzQuMDAwMDAwKSI+CiAgICAgICAgICAgIDxnIGlkPSJEb3dubG9hZC1yZWZlcmVuY2UiIHRyYW5zZm9ybT0idHJhbnNsYXRlKDAuMDAwMDAwLCAxMTIuMDAwMDAwKSI+CiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICA8ZyBpZD0iVHlwZS1hbmQtaWNvbnMiIHRyYW5zZm9ybT0idHJhbnNsYXRlKDIwLjAwMDAwMCwgMjEuMDAwMDAwKSI+CiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgPGcgaWQ9Ikljb25zL0Rvd25sb2FkIiB0cmFuc2Zvcm09InRyYW5zbGF0ZSgyNjkuMDAwMDAwLCAwLjAwMDAwMCkiPgogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICA8ZyBpZD0iZG93bmxvYWQiPgogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgPG1hc2sgaWQ9Im1hc2stMiIgZmlsbD0id2hpdGUiPgogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIDx1c2UgeGxpbms6aHJlZj0iI3BhdGgtMSI+PC91c2U+CiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICA8L21hc2s+CiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICA8dXNlIGlkPSJDb21iaW5lZC1TaGFwZSIgZmlsbD0iIzAwMDAwMCIgZmlsbC1ydWxlPSJub256ZXJvIiB4bGluazpocmVmPSIjcGF0aC0xIj48L3VzZT4KICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIDxnIGlkPSJDT0xPUi8tUHJpbWFyeS1HcmVlbiIgbWFzaz0idXJsKCNtYXNrLTIpIiBmaWxsPSIjNkJBNDM5IiBmaWxsLXJ1bGU9ImV2ZW5vZGQiPgogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIDxyZWN0IGlkPSJSZWN0YW5nbGUiIHg9IjAiIHk9IjAiIHdpZHRoPSIyNCIgaGVpZ2h0PSIyNCI+PC9yZWN0PgogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgPC9nPgogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICA8L2c+CiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgPC9nPgogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgPC9nPgogICAgICAgICAgICA8L2c+CiAgICAgICAgPC9nPgogICAgPC9nPgo8L3N2Zz4=" height="24"></a> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-iNhVCk gWgCNb open_panel" href="//www.newsama.com/downloads/journals/js/2012/365165.xml" aria-label="XML" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"> <div class="sc-eAKXzc WHkfb"> XML.</D.一世v><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl sc-bfYoXt cGuwDn" title="" role="presentation" 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height="24"><span class="sc-dRFtgE jrsDZP">订单印刷副本</GydF4y2Baspan><span class="sc-gkFcWv gWTCXQ">订单</GydF4y2Baspan></span><span class="sc-htoDjs kNoiZu sc-gbOuXE jGPvPL right__icon icon-colored _32KP5uexH-Bgs7Kj8Gk1Tz icon-themeable" title="" font-size="16"></span></a> <div class="sc-hBbWxd kdRRST"> <div class="sc-dyGzUR cHatnS"> <div> 的观点<GydF4y2Baspan>8184</GydF4y2Baspan> </div> <div> 下载<GydF4y2Baspan>3633.</GydF4y2Baspan> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sc-drKuOJ kxdGAZ"> <span class="__dimensions_badge_embed__" data-doi="10.1155/2012/365165" data-style="small_circle"></span>引用</D.一世v> </div> </div> <nav class="sc-bRBYWo fXBKFa sc-hUfwpO jHPgUP" id="toolbar__iconNav"> <h3 class="sc-Rmtcm hNPrIr">分享帖子</GydF4y2Bah3> <ul class="sc-hzDkRC bnbfTS"> <li class="iconBorder"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link" href="https://twitter.com/share?url=https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/365165&via=Hindawi" aria-label="Sharing on Twitter" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje 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