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class="ArticleMiddleSection_articleMiddleSection__gAv9z"> <div class="articleHeader"> <strong>研究文章|<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->开放获取</年代trong> <div class="articleHeader__meta"> <span>体积<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->2012年<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->|</年代pan> <span>文章的ID<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->318038年<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->|</年代pan> <span class="articleHeader__meta_doiLink"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/318038" aria-label="Doi-link" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/318038</一个></年代pan> </div> <div class="simpleShowMore"> <button class="simpleShowMore__button">显示引用</bgydF4y2Bautton> </div> <h1 class="articleHeader__title">焊接诊断通过粒子群优化和特征选择</gydF4y2Bah1> <div class="articleHeader__authors"> <span class="articleHeader__authors_author"><strong>j . Mirapeix</年代trong><a href="//www.newsama.com/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection" aria-label="Mail Option"><span role="img" class="anticon"> <svg version="1.0" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em" viewbox="0 0 1401 1101"> <path fill="#6ba439" d="M132.5 2.1C101.4 6 71.1 20.5 48.3 42.4c-22.7 21.7-37.5 48.3-44.6 80l-2.2 10.1v837l2.2 10.1c6.7 30 19.3 53.9 39.8 75.3 23.3 24.3 56.4 40.9 90 45 12.8 1.6 1122.2 1.6 1135 0 38.9-4.8 75.9-25.6 100-56.4 15-19.3 24.2-39 29.8-63.9l2.2-10.1v-837l-2.2-10.1c-7.1-31.8-21.9-58.3-44.6-80.1-20.2-19.2-43.9-31.7-73.6-38.5l-9.6-2.3L705 1.4c-321.9-.1-568.5.2-572.5.7zm1123.4 99.5c1.7.4 3.1 1 3.1 1.4 0 .5-125.6 87.7-279 194L700.9 490.2 422 297C268.5 190.7 143 103.4 143 103c0-.5 1-1.1 2.3-1.3 3.5-.7 1107.1-.8 1110.6-.1zM401 404c164.4 113.8 299.4 207 300 207 .6 0 135.6-93.2 300.1-207 164.5-113.9 299.3-207 299.5-207 .2 0 .4 170.9.4 379.7 0 417.9.5 386-6.1 398.3-6.2 11.6-19 21.4-31.9 24.4-5.8 1.4-67.4 1.6-562 1.6s-556.2-.2-562-1.6c-12.9-3-25.7-12.8-31.9-24.4-6.6-12.3-6.1 19.6-6.1-398.3 0-208.8.2-379.7.5-379.7S236.6 290.1 401 404z"></path> </svg></span></a>,<年代up>1</年代up></span> <span class="articleHeader__authors_author">p . b . Garcia-Allende<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<年代up>2</年代up></span> <span class="articleHeader__authors_author">o·m·康德<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<年代up>1</年代up></span> <span class="articleHeader__authors_author">j . m . Lopez-Higuera<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<年代up>1</年代up></span> <span class="articleHeader__authors_author">和<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->答:科博<年代up>1</年代up></span> </div> <div class="simpleShowMore"> <button class="simpleShowMore__button">显示更多</bgydF4y2Bautton> </div> <div class="articleHeader__academicEditor"> <strong>学术编辑器:</年代trong> <span>弗朗西斯科·巴尔迪尼</年代pan> </div> <div class="articleHeader__timeline"> <div class="articleHeader__timeline_item "> <strong>收到了</年代trong> <span>2012年2月01</年代pan> </div> <div class="articleHeader__timeline_item "> <strong>接受</年代trong> <span>2012年4月10</年代pan> </div> <div class="articleHeader__timeline_item articleHeader__timeline_item_sticky"> <strong>发表</年代trong> <span>2012年7月22日</年代pan> </div> </div> </div> <div class="articleBody"> <div class="xml-content"> <h4 class="header" id="abstract">文摘</gydF4y2Bah4> <p>在焊接之前的贡献,提出了基于等离子体光学光谱诊断方法。它包括就业的优化算法和合成光谱获得参与物种的资料参与等离子体。这里讨论的模型的修改:一方面受控随机搜索算法代替了粒子群优化的实现。另一方面包括特征选择阶段已经确定这些光谱窗口,将优化过程。实验和现场测试将显示说明解决方案的性能改善的结果以前的工作。</gydF4y2Bap> <span class="end-abs"></span> <h4 id="introduction">1。介绍</gydF4y2Bah4> <p>焊接过程中扮演着重要的角色在今天的行业,因为他们是在广泛的工业场景中使用。一些典型的例子提到的是核电站的制造重型组件(例如,蒸汽发生器)、汽车、航空发动机,管不同能源的应用程序或土木工程。在其中的一些应用程序要求的焊接质量非常严格:孔隙度在关键焊接过程中产生的蒸汽发生器在这方面就是一个很好的例子。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>工程师所面临的一个主要问题是在早期阶段的定义一个特定的焊接过程中涉及的物理过程的复杂性(<一个href="#B1">1</一个>,<gydF4y2Ba一个href="#B2">2</一个>]。虽然未遂理论和实验工作,经验表明,最优参数的确定对于一个给定的场景需要执行先前的研究在实验室,之后,对优惠券进行焊接试验来验证预测的行为。尽管所有这些努力,过程中会出现缺陷,即使所有的变量都仔细控制。这意味着使用破坏性和非破坏性评估技术检查结果接缝和确认它们符合要求的标准。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>不同的监测方法提出了激光和弧焊过程的基础上,使用电动[<一个href="#B3">3</一个>- - - - - -<一个href="#B5">5</一个>,声<一个href="#B6">6</一个>,<gydF4y2Ba一个href="#B7">7</一个>),光学传感器(<一个href="#B8">8</一个>,<gydF4y2Ba一个href="#B9">9</一个>]。工业相机在可见范围内也一直在使用,通常借助过滤器和照明源(<一个href="#B10">10</一个>,<gydF4y2Ba一个href="#B11">11</一个>)和红外温度记录也被用于在线和离线检验(<一个href="#B12">12</一个>,<gydF4y2Ba一个href="#B13">13</一个>]。在这些选择中,只有第一个被严重商业化是它允许建立一个可靠的窗口过程。然而,一些缺陷,如关节假材料的识别,这种方法无法被检测到。除了所选择的传感器技术,一个伟大的努力一直在处理策略还开发了用于缺陷检测(<一个href="#B14">14</一个>,<gydF4y2Ba一个href="#B15">15</一个>和分类<一个href="#B16">16</一个>- - - - - -<一个href="#B18">18</一个>]。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>等离子体光学光谱研究了在焊接中的应用诊断(<一个href="#B19">19</一个>,<gydF4y2Ba一个href="#B20">20.</一个>,目前在这一领域的一个最有前途的解决方案。光纤的免疫过程中产生的强电磁干扰,光谱分析的鲁棒性不同的物种被发现在等离子体,以及识别虚假材料焊缝池中一些最相关的优势。使用等离子体光谱时典型的方法在这种情况下被等离子体电子温度的确定,通过两个或两个以上的同一物种的发射谱线(<一个href="#B19">19</一个>- - - - - -<一个href="#B22">22</一个>]。不过,它有其局限性,如等离子体发射谱线的识别的不确定性,导致了什么其他监测参数的探索<一个href="#B23">23</一个>- - - - - -<一个href="#B25">25</一个>]。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>最近提出了新的分析方案:例如Sibillano et al。<一个href="#B26">26</一个>]介绍了所谓的<我>协方差映射技术</我>在激光焊接等离子体动力学的分析和Groslier et al。<一个href="#B27">27</一个>]研究沥青的应用分析的电压和电流信号搭焊(MIG-MAG)的过程。另一种方法是基于代合成光谱匹配实际实验数据通过优化算法(<一个href="#B28">28</一个>]。以这种方式产生的参与选择物种的概要文件显示一个明确的相关质量活动。然而,一些问题已经出现之前的模型的修正和改进。一方面之前选择的优化算法,在CRS6(随机Search-6)控制,取代了一个简单的实现算法(粒子群优化)<一个href="#B29">29日</一个>]。另一方面,值得注意的是,基于“增大化现实”技术的二世资料表现出缺乏对一些缺陷的敏感性实验结果讨论了(<一个href="#B28">28</一个>),本该是使用相关的NIST的相对强度(<一个href="#B30">30.</一个>本地数据库生成合成光谱。解决这个问题模型中的特征选择算法被认为是提供一个选择窄光谱范围的优化。</gydF4y2Bap> <h4 id="spectroscopic-monitoring-parameters-for-online-welding-inspection">2。光谱监测参数在线焊接检验</gydF4y2Bah4> <p>等离子体的电子温度<年代vg height="14.3625" id="M1" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:14.2125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 14.2125 14.3625" width="14.2125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.51)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>是光谱参数通常使用在这个框架作为监控参数。虽然可以获得更准确的估计这个温度通过Boltzmann-plot [<一个href="#B31">31日</一个>),这个解决方案,这意味着一些发射谱线和一个额外的考虑回归的过程,通常是通过一个简化的表达式(代替<一个href="#B19">19</一个>]:<年代pan class="equation" id="EEq1"> <svg height="41.137501" id="M2" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 41.137501" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,41.1375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-39.09)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,52.96,54.28)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,59.83,51.16)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,67.7,54.28)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; 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" x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>玻耳兹曼常数,<年代vg height="10.325" id="M5" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:9.0375004px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.0375004 10.325" width="9.0375004" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>发射谱线强度,<年代vg height="10.55" id="M6" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:11.325px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.325 10.55" width="11.325" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.55)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.56)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.61)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>转移概率,<年代vg height="9.9375" id="M7" style="vertical-align:-2.34499pt;width:8.4375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.4375 9.9375" width="8.4375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,9.9375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-64.05)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>统计的重量<年代vg height="10.8125" id="M8" style="vertical-align:-0.20064pt;width:8.5749998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.5749998 10.8125" width="8.5749998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.8125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.35)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>其相应的发射谱线的波长。弧焊的特定情况下,(<一个href="#EEq1">1</一个>在分母的对数)变化,包括发射谱线之间的商高层能量(<一个href="#B32">32</一个>]。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>的外观缺陷的扰动的发生有关<年代vg height="14.3625" id="M9" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:14.2125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 14.2125 14.3625" width="14.2125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.51)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>概要文件,但是,尽管这个光谱参数之间的相关性和接缝的质量证明(<一个href="#B19">19</一个>- - - - - -<一个href="#B22">22</一个>),还有一些问题,比如发射谱线的选择参加<年代vg height="14.3625" id="M10" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:14.2125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 14.2125 14.3625" width="14.2125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.51)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>估计,导致调查的替代方法。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>分析波长与等离子体连续辐射的最大强度(<一个href="#B23">23</一个>),等离子体信号均方根(<一个href="#B25">25</一个>],l我ne-to-continuum方法使用一种特征选择算法(<一个href="#B24">24</一个>)是一些最近研究的解决方案。提出一个完全不同的方法(<一个href="#B28">28</一个>),一个模型基于等离子体的决心参与所谓的概要物种是由生成合成光谱,然后,用优化算法来匹配实际焊接光谱。后创建合成光谱识别最重要的物种参与过程和使用一个数据库的本地副本所需元素的光谱信息。中心波长和相对强度都是使用在这个过程中,但后者产生优化的收敛问题阶段如果宽光谱范围考虑。这个问题被确定在<一个href="#B28">28</一个>Ar II),主要的物种在我们的场景中分析下的波长范围(195 - 535海里),没有显示预期响应一些缺陷,而其他资料(铁,锰,Ar I)允许一个正确的探伤。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>这一问题可能的解决方案是在窄谱的定义windows优化过程,因此,参与的生成配置文件将被执行。显然,这就产生了不确定性的选择最合适的光谱范围的缺陷检测。类似的问题是研究[<一个href="#B24">24</一个>),一种特征选择算法(设定触发器)<一个href="#B33">33</一个>)是用来确定那些歧视的发射谱线的缺陷检测。结果显示高选择的光谱带之间的依赖关系和关联的输出监测剖面。除了这一修改,一个简单的实现将使用PSO(粒子群优化)算法代替原CRS6,因为它将表明,前者表现出一种改进的计算性能。</gydF4y2Bap> <h4 id="modifications-to-the-original-model">3所示。修改原来的模型</gydF4y2Bah4> <h5 id="sec3.1">3.1。优化算法:算法</gydF4y2Bah5> <p>在原始的实现(参见图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/js/2012/318038/fig1/" target="_blank">1</一个>CRS6)受控随机搜索算法,是用来执行优化阶段。的自然进化模型位于包含更好的算法的计算性能的解决方案。在这方面,值得一提的是,该模型不是最初使用在实时分析的情况下,但为了更好地理解不同物种的动态在等离子体和他们的行为在不同的焊接过程中出现的缺陷。然而,它可以被用作支持其他光谱在线监测的方法(例如,在可行性研究),什么理由寻找更高效的实现。</gydF4y2Bap> <div class="partial-carousel-wrapper"> <div class="floats-partial-section"> <div class="floats-partial-content"> <div class="partial-carousel--full-image partial-carousel-ef49ce6ec299b9d42143bb848cd86a0e"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/js/volume-2012/318038/figures/318038.fig.001.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs"> <div class="partial-carousel-dots-ef49ce6ec299b9d42143bb848cd86a0e partial-carousel-thumbnail"> <button aria-label="Slide to " class="partial-carousel-dot"><img loading="lazy" alt="" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/js/volume-2012/318038/thumbnails/318038.fig.001_th.jpg"><br><strong></strong></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle--nav"> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev-ef49ce6ec299b9d42143bb848cd86a0e partial-carousel-next-prev"> <button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-prev"></button> <button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-next"></button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图1</年代pan> <a aria-label="View full page" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/js/2012/318038/fig1/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>代的示意图表示参与创建的概要文件合成光谱和优化过程。</td></tr></tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> <p>经过初步研究PSO被选为一个很好的候选人,由于它的简单性和广泛使用在几个场景。焊接领域的一些作者选择了PSO算法来解决关键的优化焊接参数(<一个href="#B34">34</一个>)或神经网络的训练阶段(<一个href="#B35">35</一个>]。算法最初是在1995年提出(<一个href="#B29">29日</一个>),它是社会行为的启发鸟植绒和鱼教育,已经遭受很多变化从原来的配方,与新版本的应用程序。除了那些已经提到的,典型的应用领域对PSO图像和视频分析、天线设计或发电系统,只是提到一些例子。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>最初的PSO算法可以概括如下。<年代pan class="list"><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label">(1)</年代pan><span class="list-content">数组初始化种群粒子的随机位置和速度D维度在搜索空间。</年代pan></span><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label">(2)</年代pan><span class="list-content">预定义的评估优化每个粒子的适应度函数。</年代pan></span><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label">(3)</年代pan><span class="list-content">比较最新的健身评价当前粒子与它之前的“最佳”<年代vg height="11.0375" id="M11" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt;width:25.924999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 25.924999 11.0375" width="25.924999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.17)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.84,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> b</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> e</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.2618876" y="0"> 年代</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="11.605152" y="0"> t</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。如果当前值是更好的<年代vg height="11.0375" id="M12" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt;width:25.924999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 25.924999 11.0375" width="25.924999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.17)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.84,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> b</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> e</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.2618876" y="0"> 年代</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="11.605152" y="0"> t</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>将被更新,<年代vg height="11.05" id="M13" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:11.7875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.7875 11.05" width="11.7875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.05)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.16)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.84,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>(以前的最佳位置)将被更新到当前位置<年代vg height="11.05" id="M14" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:12.75px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 12.75 11.05" width="12.75" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.05)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.16)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。</年代pan></span><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label">(4)</年代pan><span class="list-content">确定粒子群内最好的成功到目前为止(<年代vg height="11.0375" id="M15" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt;width:25.975px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 25.975 11.0375" width="25.975" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.17)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.8,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> b</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> e</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.2618876" y="0"> 年代</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="11.605152" y="0"> t</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>),并将其位置分配给<年代vg height="12.975" id="M16" style="vertical-align:-4.77652pt;width:14.2125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 14.2125 12.975" width="14.2125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.975)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.62)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.84,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。</年代pan></span><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label">(5)</年代pan><span class="list-content">继续改变速度和群中的每个粒子的位置根据以下表达式:<年代pan class="equation" id="EEq2"> <svg height="95.699997" id="M17" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 95.699997" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,95.7)"> <g transform="translate(72,4.56)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,96.18,54.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,102.5,51.32)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 我</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.4330561" y="0"> d</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,111.89,54.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.852604" y="0"> +</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.192825" y="0"> 1</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.444324" y="0"> )</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.083656" y="0"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="54.788147" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="64.477974" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,182.71,51.32)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 我</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.4330561" y="0"> d</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,192.1,54.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.0036" y="0"> +</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.356323" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,223.65,51.32)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,228.52,54.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,233.62,51.32)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,240.58,51.93)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.8499999" y="-2.52"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,252.55,51.32)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 我</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.4330561" y="0"> d</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,261.94,54.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.016103" y="0"> −</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.356323" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,295.18,51.32)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 我</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.4330561" y="0"> d</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,304.57,54.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.24" y="2.52"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-137.88" y="29.99"> +</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-129.31544" y="29.99"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,180.44,21.33)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,185.32,24.46)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,190.42,21.33)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,197.38,21.95)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.8499999" y="-2.51"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,209.34,21.33)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> g</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> d</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,220.68,24.46)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.0036" y="0"> −</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.356323" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,253.91,21.33)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 我</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.4330561" y="0"> d</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,263.31,24.46)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.24" y="2.51"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.17" y="0"> ,</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-134.17" y="25.219999"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,136.01,-3.89)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 我</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.4330561" y="0"> d</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,145.4,-0.76)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.852604" y="0"> +</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.192825" y="0"> 1</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.444324" y="0"> )</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.083656" y="0"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="48.124046" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,200.4,-3.89)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 我</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.4330561" y="0"> d</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,209.8,-0.76)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.0036" y="0"> +</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.356323" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,242.48,-3.89)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 我</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.4330561" y="0"> d</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,251.88,-0.76)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.840101" y="0"> +</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.192825" y="0"> 1</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.444324" y="0"> )</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.683323" y="0"> 。</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="222.24001" y="-31.35"> (</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="226.4035" y="-31.35"> 2</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="232.655" y="-31.35"> )</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></span></span><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label">(6)</年代pan><span class="list-content">如果满足停止条件,那么退出到目前为止最好的结果;否则重复从2点。</年代pan></span></span>中的每个粒子群定义的位置<年代vg height="14.3625" id="M18" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:16.5px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16.5 14.3625" width="16.5" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.51)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.07,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和速度<年代vg height="14.3625" id="M19" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:13.1375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 13.1375 14.3625" width="13.1375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.51)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.76,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>在<年代vg height="10.325" id="M20" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:12.7px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 12.7 10.325" width="12.7" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>维搜索空间,<年代pan class="equation" id="EEq3"> <svg height="49.775002" id="M21" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 49.775002" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,49.775)"> <g transform="translate(72,-32.18)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,148.51,61.13)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,158.38,58.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,165.08,61.13)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.03" y="2.51"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.889999" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,189.84,58.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="0"> 1</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,197.44,61.13)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.2012482" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,209.52,58.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="0"> 2</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,217.12,61.13)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.2012482" y="0"> …</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.79225" y="0"> ,</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.006001" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,249,58.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,259.27,58.62)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-108.6" y="21.83"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.9299998" y="-2.51"> ,</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="214.85001" y="-2.51"> (</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="219.0135" y="-2.51"> 3</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="225.265" y="-2.51"> )</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,157.86,33.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,164.56,36.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.03" y="2.51"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.889999" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,188.77,33.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="0"> 1</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,196.37,36.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.2012482" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,207.91,33.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="0"> 2</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,215.5,36.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.2012482" y="0"> …</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.79225" y="0"> ,</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.006001" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,246.83,33.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,257.1,34.28)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.9299998" y="-2.51"> 。</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="217.02" y="-2.51"> (</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="221.1835" y="-2.51"> 4</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="227.435" y="-2.51"> )</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></p> <p>在(<一个href="#EEq2">2</一个>)<gydF4y2Ba年代vg height="7.4499998" id="M22" style="vertical-align:-0.11285pt;width:12.2375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 12.2375 7.4499998" width="12.2375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.45)"> <g transform="translate(72,-66.04)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>惯性权重,<年代vg height="10.925" id="M23" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:12.7px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 12.7 10.925" width="12.7" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.925)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.26)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-66.76,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,<年代vg height="10.925" id="M24" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:12.7px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 12.7 10.925" width="12.7" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.925)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.26)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-66.76,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>都是正的常数,通常定义为学习速率,然后呢<年代vg height="10.925" id="M25" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:12.6px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 12.6 10.925" width="12.6" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.925)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.26)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-66.85,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<年代vg height="10.925" id="M26" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:12.6px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 12.6 10.925" width="12.6" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.925)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.26)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-66.85,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>是随机函数范围内<年代vg height="13.125" id="M27" style="vertical-align:-1.95624pt;width:32.674999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 32.674999 13.125" width="32.674999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.5)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> 0</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> ,</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.616247" y="0"> 1</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.867746" y="0"> ]</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。方程(<一个href="#EEq2">2</一个>)描述了基本PSO算法,参数的值<年代vg height="7.4499998" id="M28" style="vertical-align:-0.11285pt;width:12.2375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 12.2375 7.4499998" width="12.2375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.45)"> <g transform="translate(72,-66.04)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,<年代vg height="10.925" id="M29" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:12.7px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 12.7 10.925" width="12.7" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.925)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.26)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-66.76,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<年代vg height="10.925" id="M30" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:12.7px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 12.7 10.925" width="12.7" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.925)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.26)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-66.76,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>可能显著影响算法的行为(<一个href="#B15">15</一个>),甚至使其不稳定。惯性权重可以解释为介质的流动性,而群粒子移动,可以找到和典型值在0.4和0.9之间。参数<年代vg height="10.925" id="M31" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:12.7px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 12.7 10.925" width="12.7" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.925)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.26)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-66.76,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<年代vg height="10.925" id="M32" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:12.7px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 12.7 10.925" width="12.7" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.925)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.26)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-66.76,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>通常是分配给2,尽管他们对搜索结果可能会有重大的影响。此外,我们建议保持粒子速度范围内<年代vg height="14.4875" id="M33" style="vertical-align:-3.22282pt;width:102.65px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 102.65 14.4875" width="102.65" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.4875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.41)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.67)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> −</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.728054" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-52.03,60.55)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 米</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> 一个</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.694944" y="0"> x</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-33.55,63.67)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.2012482" y="0"> +</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.765803" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-12.58,60.55)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 米</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> 一个</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.694944" y="0"> x</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,5.9,63.67)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ]</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>的最优值<年代vg height="14.35" id="M34" style="vertical-align:-3.22282pt;width:32.224998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 32.224998 14.35" width="32.224998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.35)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.52)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.76,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 米</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> 一个</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.694944" y="0"> x</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>取决于具体的问题分析。另一种选择(<一个href="#EEq2">2</一个>)是使用所谓的收缩方法(<一个href="#B36">36</一个>]:<年代pan class="equation" id="EEq4"> <svg height="95.699997" id="M35" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 95.699997" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,95.7)"> <g transform="translate(72,4.56)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,61.42,54.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,67.74,51.32)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 我</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.4330561" y="0"> d</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,77.14,54.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.96" y="32.5"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.82" y="29.99"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.840101" y="0"> +</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.192825" y="0"> 1</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.444324" y="0"> )</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-15.72" y="29.99"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-3.6921141" y="29.99"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,96.28,21.33)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 我</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.4330561" y="0"> d</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,105.67,24.46)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.016103" y="0"> +</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.356323" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,137.22,21.33)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,142.1,24.46)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,147.2,21.33)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,154.16,21.95)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.8499999" y="-2.51"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,166.12,21.33)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 我</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.4330561" y="0"> d</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,175.51,24.46)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.016103" y="0"> −</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.356323" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,208.75,21.33)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 我</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.4330561" y="0"> d</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,218.14,24.46)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.24" y="2.51"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.870001" y="0"> +</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.21022" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,255.55,21.33)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,260.42,24.46)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,265.52,21.33)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,272.48,21.95)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.8499999" y="-2.51"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,284.45,21.33)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> g</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> d</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,295.78,24.46)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.016103" y="0"> −</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.356323" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,329.02,21.33)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 我</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.4330561" y="0"> d</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,338.41,24.46)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.030001" y="0"> ,</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-209.27" y="25.219999"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.24" y="2.51"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.091404" y="2.51"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,136.01,-3.89)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 我</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.4330561" y="0"> d</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,145.4,-0.76)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.852604" y="0"> +</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.192825" y="0"> 1</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.444324" y="0"> )</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.083656" y="0"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="48.124046" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,200.4,-3.89)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 我</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.4330561" y="0"> d</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,209.8,-0.76)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.0036" y="0"> +</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.356323" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,242.48,-3.89)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 我</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.4330561" y="0"> d</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,251.88,-0.76)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.840101" y="0"> +</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.192825" y="0"> 1</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.444324" y="0"> )</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.683323" y="0"> ,</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="222.24001" y="-31.35"> (</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="226.4035" y="-31.35"> 5</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="232.655" y="-31.35"> )</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span>在哪里<年代pan class="equation" id="EEq5"> <svg height="39.75" id="M36" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 39.75" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,39.75)"> <g transform="translate(72,-40.2)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,91.62,56.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="69.910004" y="-7.25"> 2</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> =</t年代pan> </text> <g> <path d="m 116.89,59.37 95.54,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,116.89,42.68)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.560001" y="-0.81"> √</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.840101" y="0"> −</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.180323" y="0"> 2</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.207487" y="0"> +</t年代pan> </text> <g> <path d="m 171.05,55.25 41.38,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,171.05,42.68)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,179.11,47.75)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,186.77,42.68)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.327718" y="0"> 4</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.579218" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.85" y="-13.57"> ,</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="51.98103" y="-13.57"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="63.521297" y="-13.57"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="75.549187" y="-13.57"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,270.4,53.12)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,278.05,56.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,297.46,53.12)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,305.8,56.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ></t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.040389" y="0"> 4</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.291889" y="0"> 。</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="168.32001" y="3.27"> (</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="172.48351" y="3.27"> 6</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="178.735" y="3.27"> )</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></p> <p>这些参数的典型值<年代vg height="13.55" id="M37" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:49.125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 49.125 13.55" width="49.125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.55)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.16)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.527766" y="0"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.568155" y="0"> 4</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.819654" y="0"> 。</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.945404" y="0"> 1</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,<年代vg height="14.475" id="M38" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:51.862499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 51.862499 14.475" width="51.862499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.475)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.42)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.89,60.47)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-55.54,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-35.44,60.47)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,<年代vg height="13.85" id="M39" style="vertical-align:-2.53308pt;width:73.199997px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 73.199997 13.85" width="73.199997" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.85)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.92)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.068275" y="0"> 0</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.319775" y="0"> 。</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.445526" y="0"> 7</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.697025" y="0"> 2</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.948524" y="0"> 9</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="52.200024" y="0"> 8</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。虽然没有必要,建议建立<年代vg height="14.35" id="M40" style="vertical-align:-3.22282pt;width:87.0625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 87.0625 14.35" width="87.0625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.35)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.52)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.76,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 米</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> 一个</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.694944" y="0"> x</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-42.8,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-20.89,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 米</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> 一个</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.694944" y="0"> x</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>一旦所描述的解决方案(<一个href="#EEq4">5</一个>)是实现,进行了一些测试来比较算法的性能与CRS6提供的结果总结表<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/js/2012/318038/tab1/" target="_blank">1</一个>,在那里<我>条件</我>是停止条件<年代vg height="7.1875" id="M41" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt;width:7.6875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 7.6875 7.1875" width="7.6875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.1875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-66.25)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>算法:<年代pan class="equation" id="EEq6"> <svg height="19.35" id="M42" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 19.35" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,19.35)"> <g transform="translate(72,-56.52)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,162.62,62.73)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> |</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="3.1800001"> |</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="2.5" y="1.6"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,173.56,66.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ∗</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,181.42,61.13)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.860001" y="2.51"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.389999" y="0"> ̂</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.725901" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,216.01,66.28)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ∗</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,221.09,58.62)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.8499999" y="-4.1100001"> |</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.8499999" y="-0.93000001"> |</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.91" y="-2.51"> ≤</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.937885" y="-2.51"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.989338" y="-2.51"> ,</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="253.03" y="-2.51"> (</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="257.19351" y="-2.51"> 7</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="263.44501" y="-2.51"> )</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span>在哪里<年代vg height="13.6125" id="M43" style="vertical-align:-2.34499pt;width:27.799999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 27.799999 13.6125" width="27.799999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.6125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.11)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.9391651" y="0"> (</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.102664" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.979315" y="0"> )</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>函数最小化,<年代vg height="14.5375" id="M44" style="vertical-align:-2.34499pt;width:17.012501px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.012501 14.5375" width="17.012501" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.5375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.37)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,62.76)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.51,67.83)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ∗</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>最小的,<年代vg height="11.675" id="M45" style="vertical-align:-0.11285pt;width:15.0625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 15.0625 11.675" width="15.0625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.675)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.66)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,62.83)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,67.83)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ∗</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>在优化过程中,发现价值和<年代vg height="11.85" id="M46" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:15.0625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 15.0625 11.85" width="15.0625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.85)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.52)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.27,62.68)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ̂</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-6.6766019" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,67.83)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ∗</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>一个近似<年代vg height="11.675" id="M47" style="vertical-align:-0.11285pt;width:15.0625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 15.0625 11.675" width="15.0625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.675)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.66)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,62.83)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,67.83)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ∗</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。</gydF4y2Bap> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="tab1"> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">表1</年代pan> <a aria-label="View full page" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/js/2012/318038/tab1/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> CRS6算法的性能。</d我v> <a class="table-thumb-overlay" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/js/2012/318038/tab1" target="_blank" aria-label="View full page"></a> </div> </div> <p>使用焊接等离子体光谱中捕获实验在实验室测试,算法的收敛性和处理时间确定在不同条件下表中描述<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/js/2012/318038/tab2/" target="_blank">2</一个>。<我>粒子</我>粒子的数量被认为是在群的优化过程中,<我>迭代</我>考虑在每一个搜索的迭代次数,<我>参与</我>这个物种的相对浓度(中性原子和离子)参与血浆,和<我>处理时间</我>整个优化过程的估计计算时间。平均值和标准偏差(std)值的Ar和Ar II参与计算,表明PSO收敛到期望的解决方案的能力。应该提到的优化过程进行了150多的一组相同的光谱,从而模拟一个完美的缝没有任何缺陷。</gydF4y2Bap> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="tab2"> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">表2</年代pan> <a aria-label="View full page" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/js/2012/318038/tab2/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> PSO算法的性能。</d我v> <a class="table-thumb-overlay" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/js/2012/318038/tab2" target="_blank" aria-label="View full page"></a> </div> </div> <p>的计算性能,它可以观察到,算法提供了在这种情况下处理时间从0.035到0.248(使用20个粒子),同时为CRS6表结果<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/js/2012/318038/tab1/" target="_blank">1</一个>从0.11到0.79不等。也值得一提的收敛值基于“增大化现实”技术的我和Ar二世都很相似,但标准差(std) CRS6显然更高,尽管参数调整在这两种情况下是不同的,显然,算法的计算性能超过了CRS6,什么证明的前下的模型分析。</gydF4y2Bap> <h5 id="sec3.2">3.2。使用光谱范围设定触发器算法的选择</gydF4y2Bah5> <p>艺术的模式识别,自动识别、描述、分类和分组模式从生物学和心理学学科计算机视觉或遥感(<一个href="#B37">37</一个>前),降维技术是采用识别/分类。这些试图找到最小数量的维度的数据集可以表示没有重大损失的信息减少了变量的模式表示的数量(即功能)的数量所需的分析。有两个主要理由保持尽可能小的数量特性:测量成本和分类精度。少量的特性可以减轻维度的诅咒(<一个href="#B38">38</一个>)如果训练样本的数量是有限的,但更重要的是分类命中率可以极大地增强了如果类可分性或模式属于不同簇之间的距离是同时最大化。存在各种各样的描述方法(<一个href="#B37">37</一个>),实现这些目标基本上由两种不同的方式。特征选择算法选择(希望)最好的输入特性集的子集方法,基于转换或创建新功能组合的原始特性集被称为特征提取算法。尽管选择旨在最大化类可分性,特征选择处理光谱数据时最好的,因为它还提供了一个物理问题的洞察力(<一个href="#B39">39</一个>]。此外,降维可以反向执行或事先确定最佳的光谱波段单独的类(正确的接缝和缺陷)和使用它们来构建监测信号。这样的信号噪声比后者,因此缺陷的敏感性,将明显增加。这种方法的可行性在以前的工作证明(<一个href="#B24">24</一个>(即),line-to-continuum方法。,the ratio between intensity lines and their adjacent background radiation) was used to generate the output monitoring profiles and Bhattacharyya distance [<一个href="#B40">40</一个>)采用作为波长选择的准则来衡量类可分性。这个概率距离很方便为正态分布评估类可分性,但即使对于非正态的情况下,它似乎是一个合理的方程(<一个href="#B41">41</一个>]。的Mahalanobis距离,(<一个href="#EEq7">8</一个>),是一种特殊情况下的Bhattacharyya距离假定平等协方差的类:<年代pan class="equation" id="EEq7"> <svg height="22.387501" id="M48" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 22.387501" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,22.3875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-54.09)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,126.86,58.7)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,133.61,55.58)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,147.16,58.7)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.04" y="2.51"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.889999" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,172.29,55.58)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,179.94,58.7)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,198.53,55.58)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,203.4,56.19)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,209.25,66.24)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,215.96,58.7)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> Σ</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,223.77,63.7)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.99512" y="0"> 1</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,236.72,56.19)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.8499999" y="-2.51"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,249.81,55.58)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,257.46,58.7)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,276.04,55.58)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,280.92,56.19)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.9299998" y="-2.51"> ,</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="193.2" y="-3.73"> (</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="197.36349" y="-3.73"> 8</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="203.61501" y="-3.73"> )</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span>在哪里<年代vg height="10.8375" id="M49" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:13.2px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 13.2 10.8375" width="13.2" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.8375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.33)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.71,63.47)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>的意思是<年代vg height="9.9250002" id="M50" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt;width:4.9875002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 4.9875002 9.9250002" width="4.9875002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,9.925)"> <g transform="translate(72,-64.06)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>类和<年代vg height="10.475" id="M51" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:9.875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.875 10.475" width="9.875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.475)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.62)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.67)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> Σ</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>协方差矩阵。广泛用作不同测量也因为它需要<年代vg height="16.637501" id="M52" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:13.8625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 13.8625 16.637501" width="13.8625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.6375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-58.69)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,61.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.84,66.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>失败的多元特征表现为其均值向量<年代vg height="14.0625" id="M53" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:46.575001px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 46.575001 14.0625" width="46.575001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.0625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.75)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.09)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.077658" y="0"> ∈</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.118048" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-39.57,68.09)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和协方差矩阵<年代vg height="12.5875" id="M54" style="vertical-align:-0.33858pt;width:59.150002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 59.150002 12.5875" width="59.150002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.5875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.93)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,62.32)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> Σ</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.265203" y="0"> ∈</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.305592" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-39.39,67.32)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.2797279" y="0"> ×</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.8810081" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>涉及的计算,而Bhattacharyya距离<年代vg height="16.637501" id="M55" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:65.224998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 65.224998 16.637501" width="65.224998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.6375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-58.69)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,61.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.84,66.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 3</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-60.96,61.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> /</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="3.4758339" y="0"> 3</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.503" y="0"> +</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.843222" y="0"> 2</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.094721" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-24.75,66.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>失败(<一个href="#B42">42</一个>]。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>给定压缩的必要性上面提到的优化过程比提供的一个光谱仪光谱范围窄,设定触发器的使用算法来确定合适的光谱区域看起来有趣的在这种情况下,因为它是一个自动的过程而不是为新流程或光谱仪进行具体研究。在这种情况下,性能的就业Mahalanobis距离获取最合适的波长,这将使输出监控信号将被评估。让<年代vg height="10.325" id="M56" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:13.4125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 13.4125 10.325" width="13.4125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>是光谱区域的数量优化的过程,因此,参与的生成配置文件将被执行,也就是说,<年代vg height="10.325" id="M57" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:13.4125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 13.4125 10.325" width="13.4125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>是乐队的数量选择。在某种程度上的选择过程中,<年代vg height="10.725" id="M58" style="vertical-align:-0.1254pt;width:11.375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.375 10.725" width="11.375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.725)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.42)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>以前是当前组乐队和选择<年代vg height="10.325" id="M59" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:11.6875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.6875 10.325" width="11.6875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>是剩余的集合或没有乐队。选择过程开始<年代vg height="11.8" id="M60" style="vertical-align:-0.99066pt;width:41.575001px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 41.575001 11.8" width="41.575001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.8)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.56)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.590281" y="0"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.630671" y="0"> ∅</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。描述了选拔程序的伪代码如下:<年代pan class="list"><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label"></span><span class="list-content"><i>而</我><年代vg height="13.45" id="M61" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:49.212502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 49.212502 13.45" width="49.212502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.45)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> |</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="2.5006001" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.62755" y="0"> |</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.59148" y="0"> <</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.63187" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg><i>做</我><年代pan class="list"><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label"></span><span class="list-content"><i>选择带</我><年代vg height="14.7125" id="M62" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt;width:188.1375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 188.1375 14.7125" width="188.1375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.23)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.82,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 我</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.4330561" y="0"> n</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> c</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-49.16,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.040389" y="0"> 一个</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.591721" y="0"> r</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.75522" y="0"> g</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.170219" y="0"> 米</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="41.897552" y="0"> 一个</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="47.448887" y="0"> x</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="57.863884" y="0"> (</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="62.027382" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,19.63,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,29.71,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.290449" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.105064" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,58.94,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 我</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.4330561" y="0"> n</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> c</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,70.14,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> )</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> ]</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></span><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label"></span><span class="list-content"> <svg height="14.5875" id="M63" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt;width:75px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 75 14.5875" width="75" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.5875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.33)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.590281" y="0"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.630671" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.75762" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.572235" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-23.24,60.47)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 我</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.4330561" y="0"> n</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> c</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></span><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label"></span><span class="list-content"> <svg height="15.2375" id="M64" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt;width:81.912498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 81.912498 15.2375" width="81.912498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,15.2375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-59.81)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.715551" y="0"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.755939" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.783825" y="0"> ⧵</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="46.09856" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-17.71,59.95)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 我</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.4330561" y="0"> n</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> c</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></span><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label"></span><span class="list-content"><i>而</我><年代vg height="13.45" id="M65" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:43.737499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 43.737499 13.45" width="43.737499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.45)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> |</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="2.5006001" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.62755" y="0"> |</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.59148" y="0"> ></t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.63187" y="0"> 2</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg><span class="list"><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label"></span><span class="list-content"><i>选择带</我><年代vg height="15.2375" id="M66" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt;width:194.8875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 194.8875 15.2375" width="194.8875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,15.2375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-59.81)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.82,59.95)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> e</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.702096" y="0"> x</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="7.8680482" y="0"> c</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-48.1,63.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 一个</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.579218" y="0"> r</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.742718" y="0"> g</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.170219" y="0"> 米</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="41.897552" y="0"> 一个</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="47.448887" y="0"> x</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="57.863884" y="0"> (</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="62.027382" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,20.69,59.95)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,30.77,63.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.066115" y="0"> ⧵</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.38085" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,63.28,59.95)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> e</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.7108481" y="0"> x</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="7.8768001" y="0"> c</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,75.54,63.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> )</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> ]</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></span><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label"></span><span class="list-content"><i>如果</我><年代vg height="15.2375" id="M67" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt;width:143.325px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 143.325 15.2375" width="143.325" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,15.2375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-59.81)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.2,59.95)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-55.12,63.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.066115" y="0"> ⧵</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.38085" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-22.6,59.95)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> e</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.702096" y="0"> x</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="7.8680482" y="0"> c</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-10.35,63.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> )</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.6268301" y="0"> ></t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.667219" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,16.08,59.95)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,26.16,63.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.290449" y="0"> )</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></span><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label"></span><span class="list-content"> <svg height="15.2375" id="M68" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt;width:80.425003px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 80.425003 15.2375" width="80.425003" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,15.2375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-59.81)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.590281" y="0"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.630671" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.533287" y="0"> ⧵</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="43.848022" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-19.96,59.95)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> e</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.702096" y="0"> x</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="7.8680482" y="0"> c</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></span><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label"></span><span class="list-content"> <svg height="14.5875" id="M69" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt;width:79.137497px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 79.137497 14.5875" width="79.137497" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.5875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.33)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.715551" y="0"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.755939" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.00816" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.822777" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-20.99,60.47)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> e</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.702096" y="0"> x</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="7.8680482" y="0"> c</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></span><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label"></span><span class="list-content"><i>其他的</我></年代pan></span><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label"></span><span class="list-content"><i>打破</我></年代pan></span><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label"></span><span class="list-content"><i>结束</我></年代pan></span></span></span></span><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label"></span><span class="list-content"><i>结束</我></年代pan></span></span></span></span><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label"></span><span class="list-content"><i>结束</我>,</gydF4y2Ba年代pan></span></span>,“<年代vg height="14.5875" id="M70" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt;width:45.450001px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 45.450001 14.5875" width="45.450001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.5875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.33)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.1269503" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.941565" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-46.88,60.47)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 我</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.4330561" y="0"> n</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> c</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>乐队”表示<年代vg height="14.5875" id="M71" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt;width:24.275px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 24.275 14.5875" width="24.275" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.5875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.33)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.82,60.47)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 我</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.4330561" y="0"> n</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> c</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>包括设置<年代vg height="10.725" id="M72" style="vertical-align:-0.1254pt;width:11.375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.375 10.725" width="11.375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.725)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.42)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>”,<年代vg height="15.2375" id="M73" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt;width:50.875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 50.875 15.2375" width="50.875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,15.2375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-59.81)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.902616" y="0"> ⧵</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.217352" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-43.6,59.95)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> e</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.702096" y="0"> x</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="7.8680482" y="0"> c</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>乐队”表示<年代vg height="14.5875" id="M74" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt;width:25.6px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 25.6 14.5875" width="25.6" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.5875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.33)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.82,60.47)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> e</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.702096" y="0"> x</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="7.8680482" y="0"> c</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>是排除在组<年代vg height="10.725" id="M75" style="vertical-align:-0.1254pt;width:11.375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.375 10.725" width="11.375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.725)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.42)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,<年代vg height="13.425" id="M76" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:10.2px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 10.2 13.425" width="10.2" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.425)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.26)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>是空集。</gydF4y2Bap> <h4 id="experimental-and-field-test-validation">4所示。实验和现场试验验证</gydF4y2Bah4> <p>第一个研究旨在改善Ar II物种的结果(<一个href="#B28">28</一个>),考虑到已经评论缺乏响应一些缺陷。通过设定触发器在初步分析后,一些光谱波段选择的算法是最合适的光谱与正确的接缝之间的歧视和缺陷,分别。的细节在前面描述的实验测试工作,但它应该提到GTAW(钨电极惰性气体保护焊)过程采用焊接不锈钢aisi - 304的盘子。缺陷是引起有意通过引入扰动在保护气体流量(氩)。第一个光谱波段选择的设定触发器算法使用距离展示在表<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/js/2012/318038/tab3/" target="_blank">3</一个>。</gydF4y2Bap> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="tab3"> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">表3</年代pan> <a aria-label="View full page" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/js/2012/318038/tab3/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> 光谱波段选择的设定触发器算法。</d我v> <a class="table-thumb-overlay" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/js/2012/318038/tab3" target="_blank" aria-label="View full page"></a> </div> </div> <p>从这些波长范围从460到490纳米的基于“增大化现实”技术的相关二世发射谱线,建议选择的适用性,光谱窗口优化过程。图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/js/2012/318038/fig2/" target="_blank">2</一个>描述的结果使用windows 470至483 nm和470和480 nm,分别,相比原来的基于“增大化现实”技术的二世参与资料来源于整个光谱范围的使用的光谱仪(<我>海洋光学</我>USB2000: 195 - 535 nm)。它可以观察到,焊缝中的缺陷之间的关系(由扰动引起的保护气体流量)和由此产生的基于“增大化现实”技术的二世参与概要显著增强如果优化过程的光谱范围减少。结果是更好的窄光谱范围,可以解释为穷人之间的匹配优化过程中获得的合成和Ar II的真实光谱发射线位于480.5海里。</gydF4y2Bap> <div class="partial-carousel-wrapper"> <div class="floats-partial-section"> <div class="floats-partial-content"> <div class="partial-carousel--full-image partial-carousel-c5ccc80597c5c7f3546b80eec0a38201"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/js/volume-2012/318038/figures/318038.fig.002.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs"> <div class="partial-carousel-dots-c5ccc80597c5c7f3546b80eec0a38201 partial-carousel-thumbnail"> <button aria-label="Slide to " class="partial-carousel-dot"><img loading="lazy" alt="" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/js/volume-2012/318038/thumbnails/318038.fig.002_th.jpg"><br><strong></strong></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle--nav"> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev-c5ccc80597c5c7f3546b80eec0a38201 partial-carousel-next-prev"> <button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-prev"></button> <button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-next"></button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图2</年代pan> <a aria-label="View full page" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/js/2012/318038/fig2/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>(一)焊缝缺陷。(b)参与的基于“增大化现实”技术的二世(整个光谱范围),基于“增大化现实”技术的二世(470 - 483 nm),基于“增大化现实”技术的二世(470 - 480 nm)。</td></tr></tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> <p>建立一个类似的比较图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/js/2012/318038/fig3/" target="_blank">3</一个>可以观察到,另一个缝有两个不连续。的缺陷<年代vg height="11.1" id="M77" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:47.650002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 47.650002 11.1" width="47.650002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.1)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.12)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.339981" y="0"> ≈</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.380369" y="0"> 4</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.63187" y="0"> 。</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.75762" y="0"> 5</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和6.5厘米不清楚检测到使用整个光谱范围,但470至480海里窗口的就业产生了一个更加敏感的监测信号。</gydF4y2Bap> <div class="partial-carousel-wrapper"> <div class="floats-partial-section"> <div class="floats-partial-content"> <div class="partial-carousel--full-image partial-carousel-8369d8018e56706b2f56fe084b81bf0b"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/js/volume-2012/318038/figures/318038.fig.003.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs"> <div class="partial-carousel-dots-8369d8018e56706b2f56fe084b81bf0b partial-carousel-thumbnail"> <button aria-label="Slide to " class="partial-carousel-dot"><img loading="lazy" alt="" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/js/volume-2012/318038/thumbnails/318038.fig.003_th.jpg"><br><strong></strong></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle--nav"> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev-8369d8018e56706b2f56fe084b81bf0b partial-carousel-next-prev"> <button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-prev"></button> <button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-next"></button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图3</年代pan> <a aria-label="View full page" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/js/2012/318038/fig3/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>(一)焊缝缺陷。(b)参与的基于“增大化现实”技术的二世(整个光谱范围)和Ar II(470 - 480海里)。</td></tr></tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> <p>辣鸡分析其他流程和材料进行了研究数据从实地测试<一个href="#B25">25</一个>]。在这种情况下,材料是焊接钛铬镍铁合金- 718和6 al-4v,分别为2和1.6毫米的厚度。填充焊丝使用前,基于“增大化现实”技术作为保护气体(10 L / min),也是引导底部一侧的板(30 L / min)。光学设置基本上是由600组成的<我>μ</gydF4y2Ba我>米核心直径光纤连接光谱仪(再次USB2000)和纤维端作为输入光学从电极头位于大约10厘米。除了正确的接缝,不同缺陷引发了在分析获取所需的光谱数据。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/js/2012/318038/fig4/" target="_blank">4</一个>显示了铬镍铁合金- 718焊缝编号为正确后视觉和x射线检查。Ar II参与概要描述不显示任何明确的扰动,虽然两信号表现出明显的噪音水平。值得一提的是,其他光谱参数,如等离子RMS概要文件(<一个href="#B25">25</一个>),还表明,行为。一个可能的解释中可以找到扰动影响的过程不产生缺陷。相关的热输入概要(收购Tecnalia [<一个href="#B43">43</一个>)与电动传感器系统(图)也是常数<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/js/2012/318038/fig4/" target="_blank">4</一个>(c)),一个没有缺陷的焊缝。</gydF4y2Bap> <div class="partial-carousel-wrapper"> <div class="floats-partial-section"> <div class="floats-partial-content"> <div class="partial-carousel--full-image partial-carousel-4b8ebe06eaaf7607a469f234ca55c476"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/js/volume-2012/318038/figures/318038.fig.004.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs"> <div class="partial-carousel-dots-4b8ebe06eaaf7607a469f234ca55c476 partial-carousel-thumbnail"> <button aria-label="Slide to " class="partial-carousel-dot"><img loading="lazy" alt="" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/js/volume-2012/318038/thumbnails/318038.fig.004_th.jpg"><br><strong></strong></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle--nav"> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev-4b8ebe06eaaf7607a469f234ca55c476 partial-carousel-next-prev"> <button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-prev"></button> <button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-next"></button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图4</年代pan> <a aria-label="View full page" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/js/2012/318038/fig4/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>(一)正确的焊缝(包括x射线图像)(铬镍铁合金- 718)。(b)参与的基于“增大化现实”技术的二世(整个光谱范围)和基于“增大化现实”技术的二世(470 - 480 nm)。(c)热输入概要文件。</td></tr></tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> <p>分析了有缺陷的焊缝在图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/js/2012/318038/fig5/" target="_blank">5</一个>,焊枪在关节的轨迹是倾斜(图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/js/2012/318038/fig5/" target="_blank">5</一个>(一个))。可以升值,热输入信号给出了缺陷的迹象<年代vg height="11.1" id="M78" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:43.737499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 43.737499 11.1" width="43.737499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.1)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.12)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.339981" y="0"> ≈</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.380369" y="0"> 2</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.63187" y="0"> 5</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>30年代,而其余的资料几乎是常数。两个不同的参与概要图中描述<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/js/2012/318038/fig5/" target="_blank">5</一个>(b),对应两个光谱范围:340 - 350 nm和470 - 480 nm)。第一个乐队是考虑到特征选择算法选择显示344.15乐队,在这种情况下,菲我物种的一个选择的过程。这个窗口生成监控信号与所观察到的强烈扰动相关的热输入信号,虽然其他地区也表明缺陷的发生。相比之下,Ar我概要展示在这种情况下不那么明显的扰动。</gydF4y2Bap> <div class="partial-carousel-wrapper"> <div class="floats-partial-section"> <div class="floats-partial-content"> <div class="partial-carousel--full-image partial-carousel-2bb3fe5d2c5b469b658bdefff9aac17c"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/js/volume-2012/318038/figures/318038.fig.005.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs"> <div class="partial-carousel-dots-2bb3fe5d2c5b469b658bdefff9aac17c partial-carousel-thumbnail"> <button aria-label="Slide to " class="partial-carousel-dot"><img loading="lazy" alt="" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/js/volume-2012/318038/thumbnails/318038.fig.005_th.jpg"><br><strong></strong></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle--nav"> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev-2bb3fe5d2c5b469b658bdefff9aac17c partial-carousel-next-prev"> <button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-prev"></button> <button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-next"></button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图5</年代pan> <a aria-label="View full page" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/js/2012/318038/fig5/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>(一)有缺陷的焊缝轨迹偏差(铬镍铁合金- 718)。(b)参与的铁我(340 - 350 nm)和基于“增大化现实”技术的二世(470 - 480 nm)。(c)热输入概要文件。</td></tr></tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> <p>seam显示在图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/js/2012/318038/fig6/" target="_blank">6</一个>加入两个铬镍铁合金- 718板块执行的偏差约1毫米,在这种情况下的最大允许0.3毫米(板厚的15%)。热输入信号图中描述<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/js/2012/318038/fig6/" target="_blank">6</一个>(c)没有表现出任何扰动,在整个过程中不变。可观测到的几乎相同的情况<年代vg height="14.3625" id="M79" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:14.2125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 14.2125 14.3625" width="14.2125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.51)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>概要介绍了图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/js/2012/318038/fig6/" target="_blank">6</一个>(d),计算使用Ar II发射谱线位于460.96和487.99 nm,分别。然而,参与概要文件在这里有点吵着,这表明有缺陷的情况发生。</gydF4y2Bap> <div class="partial-carousel-wrapper"> <div class="floats-partial-section"> <div class="floats-partial-content"> <div class="partial-carousel--full-image partial-carousel-25d3faa2227dbdec902a2a594cfedaa9"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/js/volume-2012/318038/figures/318038.fig.006.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs"> <div class="partial-carousel-dots-25d3faa2227dbdec902a2a594cfedaa9 partial-carousel-thumbnail"> <button aria-label="Slide to " class="partial-carousel-dot"><img loading="lazy" alt="" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/js/volume-2012/318038/thumbnails/318038.fig.006_th.jpg"><br><strong></strong></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle--nav"> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev-25d3faa2227dbdec902a2a594cfedaa9 partial-carousel-next-prev"> <button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-prev"></button> <button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-next"></button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图6</年代pan> <a aria-label="View full page" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/js/2012/318038/fig6/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>(一)有缺陷的焊缝(misaligment)(铬镍铁合金- 718)n。(b)参与的基于“增大化现实”技术的二世(470 - 480 nm)。(c)热输入概要文件。(d)等离子体温度剖面。</td></tr></tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> <p>缺陷引发Ti6Al-4V缺乏清洁也被研究过盘子,模拟这种情况通过应用石油联合在焊接过程之前。在测试中所描述的人物<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/js/2012/318038/fig7/" target="_blank">7</一个>石油的存在产生了明显的缺陷<年代vg height="10.9125" id="M80" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:46.337502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 46.337502 10.9125" width="46.337502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.339981" y="0"> ≈</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.380369" y="0"> 3</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.63187" y="0"> 0</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>年代,暗示的热量输入概要文件。光谱范围的减少生成Ar II参与概要(图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/js/2012/318038/fig7/" target="_blank">7</一个>(b))产生一个类似的反应来自整个光谱范围,尽管后者的敏感度似乎有点糟,特别<年代vg height="10.9125" id="M81" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:46.337502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 46.337502 10.9125" width="46.337502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.339981" y="0"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.380369" y="0"> 4</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.63187" y="0"> 0</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>年代。必须指出的基于“增大化现实”技术的第二信号的变化<年代vg height="10.9125" id="M82" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:46.337502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 46.337502 10.9125" width="46.337502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.339981" y="0"> ≈</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.380369" y="0"> 1</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.63187" y="0"> 8</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>年代,什么可以与应用程序关联的石油在中间的焊接路径。解释的外观缺陷在seam可以解释由拖动的石油焊弧缺陷位置。</gydF4y2Bap> <div class="partial-carousel-wrapper"> <div class="floats-partial-section"> <div class="floats-partial-content"> <div class="partial-carousel--full-image partial-carousel-ee4a584d5104050c2d1211d6b2302783"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/js/volume-2012/318038/figures/318038.fig.007.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs"> <div class="partial-carousel-dots-ee4a584d5104050c2d1211d6b2302783 partial-carousel-thumbnail"> <button aria-label="Slide to " class="partial-carousel-dot"><img loading="lazy" alt="" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/js/volume-2012/318038/thumbnails/318038.fig.007_th.jpg"><br><strong></strong></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle--nav"> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev-ee4a584d5104050c2d1211d6b2302783 partial-carousel-next-prev"> <button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-prev"></button> <button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-next"></button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图7</年代pan> <a aria-label="View full page" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/js/2012/318038/fig7/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>(一)顶部和底部的观点有缺陷的焊缝(缺乏清洁)(Ti6Al-4V)。(b)参与的基于“增大化现实”技术的二世(470 - 480 nm)(蓝色)和Ar II(整个光谱范围)(红色)。(c)热输入概要文件。</td></tr></tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> <p>相同的缺陷是seam试图重复描绘在图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/js/2012/318038/fig8/" target="_blank">8</一个>,但没有观察到缺陷目视检查后在这种情况下。再次,热输入信号通过过程保持不变,而<年代vg height="14.3625" id="M83" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:14.2125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 14.2125 14.3625" width="14.2125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.51)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>形象展示一个清晰的斜率和一些微妙的扰动。第二信号提供的基于“增大化现实”技术的物种(470 - 480 nm)清楚地表明缺陷的发生,似乎是在良好的协议与场景下分析。</gydF4y2Bap> <div class="partial-carousel-wrapper"> <div class="floats-partial-section"> <div class="floats-partial-content"> <div class="partial-carousel--full-image partial-carousel-112e665bef24125c0e77d3ab9e16bb3c"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/js/volume-2012/318038/figures/318038.fig.008.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs"> <div class="partial-carousel-dots-112e665bef24125c0e77d3ab9e16bb3c partial-carousel-thumbnail"> <button aria-label="Slide to " class="partial-carousel-dot"><img loading="lazy" alt="" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/js/volume-2012/318038/thumbnails/318038.fig.008_th.jpg"><br><strong></strong></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle--nav"> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev-112e665bef24125c0e77d3ab9e16bb3c partial-carousel-next-prev"> <button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-prev"></button> <button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-next"></button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图8</年代pan> <a aria-label="View full page" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/js/2012/318038/fig8/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>(一)有缺陷的焊缝(缺乏清洁)(Ti6Al-4V)。(b)参与的基于“增大化现实”技术的二世(470 - 480 nm)。(c)热输入概要文件。(d)等离子体温度剖面。</td></tr></tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> <h4 id="conclusion">5。结论</gydF4y2Bah4> <p>一个进化光谱模型在焊接之前的贡献提出诊断介绍和探讨。最初的建议是基于合成光谱的生成和优化算法生成的就业参与的这些物种造成焊接等离子体。这是证明这些概要文件之间的直接相关性存在和产生的焊缝质量,外观的缺陷。然而,实验测试表明,Ar II,光谱范围内的主要物种的分析下,也表现出不同的反应与一些正确的缺陷信号的其他物种。提出模型的修订建议,问题可能是出于使用相对强度的NIST光谱数据库创建合成光谱。特别,使用宽光谱范围与强度似乎产生了提到缺乏敏感性在Ar II参与概要文件。这个问题可能的解决方案在于减少光谱窗口的优化过程发生的,本文所实现的帮助下一个特征选择算法,以帮助表示要使用的合适的谱带。已经证明,这种新方法大大提高了结果在最初的工作中,鉴于现在Ar II参与信号显示了良好的相关性与缺陷进行实验测试。此外,辣的有效性模型,实地测试铬镍铁合金- 718和Ti6Al-4V已包含在样本分析,也允许检测不同的焊接缺陷:轨迹偏差,偏差和缺乏清洁。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>除了设定触发器的使用与Mahalonobis距离算法执行的光谱范围减少优化过程,CRS6算法用于执行此任务在最初的贡献也被替换的算法的简单实现,用这种方法提高计算性能的处理方案。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>仍有一些问题仍然没有解决,应该处理在未来改善模型。一方面的就业相对强度的生成合成光谱应避免:一个解决方案是探索可能是基于反馈方案选择的发射谱线的强度可以从光谱的估计计算参数,如等离子体温度<年代vg height="14.3625" id="M84" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:14.2125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 14.2125 14.3625" width="14.2125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.51)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>在这个过程中,使用不同的物种。也可以是有趣的尝试与连续电离的相对参与资料阶段对于一个给定的元素通过萨哈方程,虽然它应该学习这种方法是否会过于昂贵的计算模型的性能。该方法的应用程序的框架可能躺在库(激光诱导击穿光谱),它可用于定量评估样品的组成。</gydF4y2Bap> <h4 id="acknowledgments">确认</gydF4y2Bah4> <p>这项工作是支持的tec2010 - 20224 - co2 - 02和OPENAER CENIT 2007 - 2010项目。作者要感谢何塞·j·Valdiande(光学工程集团),胡安·m·Etayo (Tecnalia)热输入数据和玛尔塔Davila和劳尔洛伦特(ITP)对他的帮助和支持在实地测试。此外,作者还感谢ITP允许发布现场试验数据,获得的框架内的OPENAER CENIT 2007 - 2010项目。</gydF4y2Bap> </div> </div> <div class="ArticleReferences_xmlContent__p_40j"> <h4 class="ArticleReferences_references__GH2t_" id="references">引用</gydF4y2Bah4> <ol class="ArticleReferences_orderedReferences__mJr9M"> <li class="ArticleReferences_articleReference__ouEuh" id="B1"> <div class="referenceContent"> <p class="referenceText">m . c . s . 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