光纤和集成波导类光传感器

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在过去几年中，在施加的光子学和特别是在纤维或集成波导型的设备的活动的大部分已经被部分地从光电子电信行业转移朝光学传感器查询。进一步的必要性由于电信部门掉头向下，它已被证明，这种转变已经在相关工业部门（制药，医疗），其中所需要的制造过程的非常精确控制的新的发展要求的欢迎。This increasing research effort on all-optical sensors’ technology, combined with emerging and demanding applications, has demonstrated a promising technological platform characterized by unique sensitivity, compactness, reliability, electromagnetic immunity, and low cost, promoting them to a preferable solution for real-world applications, from mechanical sensing to chemical/biochemical and pharmaceutical industry. The inherent also capability of photonics technology for the efficient sensing-signal transmission through optical fibers suggests an enhanced functionality from a system’s perspective, by enabling the high-speed interconnection of multiple remote sensing points, either through a single readout and administration unit, or through a distributed network. Furthermore the need for development of large-scale ad hoc sensor networks requires reliable autonomous and controllable sensing nodes and optical sensors exhibit very attractive and unique characteristics to play key role in this area. Emerging technologies combining new design concepts and operational approaches such as microstructured fibers (PCFs), tapered nanofibers, Bragg gratings, and long-period gratings, interferometric devices, as well as Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) devices have shown a strong impetus for novel applications. A critical issue which could dramatically enhance the performance of such functional devices is the use of novel polymers and nanostructured materials able to improve the sensitivity and expand also sensors selectivity range.

这种特殊的问题是在光学传感器的这种动态区域完全投入，旨在广泛地覆盖方面，诸如材料特性，制造技术，建模，优化和新颖的应用。主机17个代表文件演示新颖纤维和平面的光学传感器的成功的工程用于各种应用，例如物理，化学，生物传感和。入选论文已被邀请，以提供不同的热点地区的艺术和当前的趋势的状态。

问题始于一组关键的基于光纤的传感器类别综述论文，与来自古普塔和Kumar这给基于光纤的表面等离子体共振传感器表明在测量各种物理应用向上最新评论第一邀请纸，化学和生化指标。光纤SPR探测的各种设计对传感器的灵敏度提高的报道那里。所述第二邀请纸通过Skorobogatiy礼物上微结构光纤和光子带隙（PBG）的基于光纤的谐振光学传感器进行全面审查。两个传感器架构进行了讨论，其中在第一个被雇用空心光子带隙光纤，其中纤芯波导模强烈中的分析物填充的芯限制。第二传感器情况下所使用的金属化光子带隙波导和光纤，其中纤芯波导模是相位与在金属化纤维/分析物界面的等离子体激元的传播匹配。共振传感器中的操作区域进行了综述覆盖宽波长范围内的从可见光到太赫兹。甘宁呈现在他的特邀报告基于布拉格光栅和微结构光纤传感器的国家的最先进的工作。本文提出的现状和随温度和应变，并讨论以及新颖的工程概念测量挑战，如在纤维集成实验室。基于光子晶体光纤的模态干涉仪的另一种架构是由比利亚托罗等人审查。作为低热灵敏度的高灵敏度传感器和应用范围从应变，温度，折射率和挥发性有机物的溶液中。 Sagnac, Mach-Zehnder, or Michelson-like interferometers can be fabricated by different postprocessing techniques such as grating inscription, tapering or cleaving, and splicing. Margulis et al. propose in their invited research paper a novel and alternative interferometric architecture based on the plurality of individual fiber preforms drawn together but nearly maintaining their original shape. The potential temperature independence and the ease of splicing of Gemini fibers make them an attractive solution for sensors development in a monolithic-robust multicore fiber design.

以下三篇论文本体系结构和光子晶体光纤为物理参数感测的应用。由菊和金的第一纸张上是利用任一长周期光栅或在纤维的模态干涉仪用于应变和温度感测的光子晶体光纤的邀请审查。本文表明，空气 - 石英PCF传感器是相当或比以往的单模光纤，但PCF传感器的温度敏感性低得多实现更好。通过Larrion等下一页纸。一种基于与量子一个PCF的温度传感器的新颖配置点纳米涂层在其内的孔，通过层 - 层技术沉积。的温度范围从-40到70℃下的纸的研究这些传感器和介绍也考虑在半最大值（FWHM）的整个宽度的作为新的见地表征参数的光学性质。与低成本的振幅探询技术的温度传感器的另一种结构示于通过托雷斯-Peiro等的论文。根据基本模式的在一个充满液体的Y形Ge掺杂微结构光纤的截止特性。The sensitivity is mainly determined by the thermo-optic coefficient of the filling liquids and values of 25 nm/°C with detection limit of about 0.001°C are reported.

接下来的三个文件呈现为还测量物理参数，但是使用常规的纤维不同的方法。由山下受邀审查提出了一种新广泛和快速波长扫频光纤激光器架构用于动态和准确光纤传感，基于分散体的调谐技术中，通过调节在分散激光腔中的损耗/增益。匡等人。目前在他们的邀请综述基于塑料光纤，塑料光纤的结构健康的监测（SHM）的比较重要的区域低成本平台。不同的可能方案之间，POF传感器的基于强度的询问能力提供低成本的SHM系统执行额外的一个非常有利的解决方案。通过PINET下一纸张从工业和应用透视给出了基于法布里 - 珀罗光纤实现小型传感器的状态的最先进的情况。该替代结构提供了成熟可靠的技术为应变，温度，压力，位移，或折射率测量，并用大量的应用范围从工业到医疗。

以下三个文件都致力于基于光纤的化学和生物传感，其中通过Dagenais一种基于被蚀刻的布拉格一个有前途的传感器在第一邀请纸以与葡萄糖结合蛋白选择性相互作用光栅官能化吡喃葡糖基 - 硅氧烷共轭物，改变从而surface’s refractive index. Next paper by Carvalho et al. presents a hollow-core PCF for detecting low levels of methane. A prototype is demonstrated in a portable system incorporating an interrogation scheme based on the Wavelength Modulation Spectroscopy technique. In the next paper by Andres et al., another simple technique based on single mode fiber at 850 nm is presented, where a long-period grating as an equivalent 3 dB beam is used to form a coaxial-Michelson modal interferometer. Direct dipping of the sensor head in water solutions permits the measure of small refractive index changes.

在集成光学接近它提供了一个有前途的技术平台以强大的多功能传感器与微流体物理兼容的论文的最后一组是专门。通过卡什亚普的邀请本文回顾了艺术上的基于共振的表面等离子体设备特别是集中于他们的综合平台解决方案的低成本，大批量生产，一次性传感器路由的状态。通过Sparrow等下一纸张。评论类新兴的集成布喇格光栅为基础的传感器，并检查在详细的体系结构，制造，和特殊的传感器的芯片应用制造由上硅上的硅晶片的挠性直接UV写入技术。各种应用，从温度，折射率，化学，生物传感和描述，并且还指示特定的问题在食品工业中用于监测长期工业过程如发酵被证明。最终受邀文章是Mayeh等。描述另一个类集成器件的基础上，开槽的多模干涉（MMI）的操作原理。本文介绍了设计，并且为了模拟朝向装置的调谐结果来检测基于蛋白质分子或水溶性的化学或生物材料。该装置的制造已被证明在氧氮化硅（SiON），为高度稳定的与生物制剂和化学处理物质的反应性。

Introducing this special issue to the Journal of Sensors, we would like to thank all the authors for their prompt and valuable contributions and also the reviewers for their critical help, necessary to achieve a high level of papers’ quality and make thus possible the completion of this special issue. Also we would like to thank the Editor in Chief Professor Francisco J. Arregui and the Editorial Board for approving this special issue as well as the Journal’s staff for their professionalism and effective consideration of all the details during the preparation of the issue.

瓦莱里奥Pruneri
克里斯托Riziotis
彼得G.R。工匠
阿萨纳西Vasilakos

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©2009瓦莱里奥Pruneri等。这是下发布的开放式访问文章知识共享署名许可，其允许在任何介质无限制地使用，分发和再现时，所提供的原始工作正确的引用。