best populations simultaneously for all for the general scale parameter models, where is the number of populations involved in the selection problem. The application of the results to the exponential and normal probability models is discussed. The implementation of the simultaneous lower confidence bounds for is illustrated through real-life datasets.">
低概率置信界限的正确选择</t我tle>
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<p>在这一页上</p><span class="sc-likbZx bBmZJZ grey" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-ePZHVD ewHMLz" href="#abstract" aria-label="">文摘</一个></span>
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<p class="sc-kZmsYB bkiEfx article_type">研究文章|<!-- -->开放获取</p><d我v class="sc-RcBXQ ztvYg article_citation">
体积<!-- -->
<!-- -->2011年<!-- -->
<span class="sc-fZwumE cUsFHx">|</span>文章的ID<!-- -->
<!-- -->765058年<!-- -->
<span class="sc-fZwumE cUsFHx">|</span>
<a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-fQejPQ duuwge" href="https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/765058" aria-label="Doi-link">https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/765058</一个></d我v>
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<p>Radhey s辛格Narinder库马尔<!-- -->,<!-- -->
<!-- -->”<span class="adjust-article-svg-size">低概率置信界限的正确选择</span>”,<!-- --><i>概率论与数理统计》杂志上</我>,<!-- -->
<!-- -->卷。<!-- -->2011年<!-- -->,<!-- -->
<!-- -->文章的ID<!-- -->765058年<!-- -->,<!-- -->
<!-- -->11<!-- -->
<!-- -->
<!-- -->
<!-- -->页面<!-- -->,<!-- -->
<!-- -->2011年<!-- -->。<!-- -->
<!-- -->https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/765058</p></d我v>
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<h1 class="sc-iRbamj jZOxOO sc-iSDuPN jMdfPj article_title adjust-article-svg-size heading-title">低概率置信界限的正确选择</h1>
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<div class="sc-jrIrqw eHMFfo article_authors">
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<span class=""><b>辛格Radhey s .</b><一个class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link" href="mailto:" aria-label="Mail Option"><span class="sc-htoDjs kNoiZu sc-hjRWVT irNWJI icon-colored _2zt-1j0LmaF8UjTQAM413G icon-themeable" title="" font-size="16"></span></a><sup>1</sup>和</span>
<span class="">Narinder库马尔<sup>2</sup></span>
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<p><sup>1</sup><span>数学和统计,圭尔夫大学,加拿大</span></p>
<p><sup>2</sup><span>旁遮普大学统计学系,昌迪加尔160014年,印度</span></p>
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<b>学术编辑器:</b>答:Thavaneswaran</d我v>
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<div class="articleContent__PublcationCol-sc-2yl9jy-5 hgKieC notPublished">
<span class="articleContent__PublicationField-sc-2yl9jy-6 cIribm">收到了</span>
<span class="articleContent__PublicationValue-sc-2yl9jy-7 khHUcu">2010年10月06</span>
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<div class="articleContent__PublcationCol-sc-2yl9jy-5 hgKieC notPublished">
<span class="articleContent__PublicationField-sc-2yl9jy-6 cIribm">接受</span>
<span class="articleContent__PublicationValue-sc-2yl9jy-7 khHUcu">2011年1月12</span>
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<div class="articleContent__PublcationCol-sc-2yl9jy-5 hgKieC isPublished">
<span class="articleContent__PublicationField-sc-2yl9jy-6 cIribm">发表</span>
<span class="articleContent__PublicationValue-sc-2yl9jy-7 khHUcu">2011年2月24日</span>
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<article class="sc-jtRlXQ cRDvIO article_body ">
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<h4 class="header" id="abstract">文摘</h4>
<p>我们扩展的结果古普塔和梁(1998),位置参数的推导,获得较低的信心为正确选择的概率范围<svg height="9.125" id="M1" style="vertical-align:-0.11285pt;width:5.0124998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 5.0124998 9.125" width="5.0124998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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</g>
</svg>最好的人群<svg height="14.7" id="M2" style="vertical-align:-3.21404pt;width:42.400002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 42.400002 14.7" width="42.400002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7)">
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</svg>是人口的数量参与选择的问题。应用指数和正态概率模型的结果进行了讨论。同步的实现降低信心界限<svg height="14.7" id="M5" style="vertical-align:-3.21404pt;width:31.987499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 31.987499 14.7" width="31.987499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.9641709" y="0">
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</text>
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</svg>说明通过真实数据集。</p><span class="end-abs"></span>
<h4 id="introduction">1。介绍</h4>
<p>人口<svg height="14.5" id="M6" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:15.4375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 15.4375 14.5" width="15.4375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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</text>
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<g transform="translate(72,-60.33)">
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</svg>从人口<svg height="14.5" id="M12" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:15.4375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 15.4375 14.5" width="15.4375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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</text>
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</svg>的概率密度函数(pdf)<svg height="17.4125" id="M13" style="vertical-align:-5.39853pt;width:135.625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 135.625 17.4125" width="135.625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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</svg>与相应的累积分布函数(cdf)<svg height="17.4125" id="M14" style="vertical-align:-5.39853pt;width:102.8125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 102.8125 17.4125" width="102.8125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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</g>
</g>
</svg>和<svg height="16.174999" id="M23" style="vertical-align:-4.5044pt;width:74.974998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 74.974998 16.174999" width="74.974998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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1</tspan>
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]</tspan>
</text>
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]</tspan>
</text>
</g>
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</svg>,分别。让<svg height="16.174999" id="M24" style="vertical-align:-4.68874pt;width:20.0375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 20.0375 16.174999" width="20.0375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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</text>
</g>
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</svg>统计有一个尺度参数<svg height="16.174999" id="M25" style="vertical-align:-4.5044pt;width:19.625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 19.625 16.174999" width="19.625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.175)">
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</text>
</g>
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</svg>。让<svg height="16.3125" id="M26" style="vertical-align:-4.68874pt;width:22.725px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 22.725 16.3125" width="22.725" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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</text>
</g>
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</svg>表示相关的人口<svg height="16.174999" id="M27" style="vertical-align:-4.5044pt;width:19.625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 19.625 16.174999" width="19.625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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</svg>,<svg height="9.9250002" id="M28" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt;width:4.9875002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 4.9875002 9.9250002" width="4.9875002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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</g>
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</svg>th最小的<svg height="14.5875" id="M29" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:12.3375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 12.3375 14.5875" width="12.3375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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</svg>的年代。与其他人口或样本数量<svg height="16.3125" id="M30" style="vertical-align:-4.68874pt;width:22.725px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 22.725 16.3125" width="22.725" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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</svg>将用下标吗<svg height="13.45" id="M31" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:15.4px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 15.4 13.45" width="15.4" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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</svg>连接到它。中,我们假设没有先验知识的<svg height="14.5" id="M32" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:66.599998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 66.599998 14.5" width="66.599998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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</svg>是<svg height="16.3125" id="M33" style="vertical-align:-4.68874pt;width:22.725px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 22.725 16.3125" width="22.725" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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</svg>是未知的。调用数量<svg height="16.3125" id="M36" style="vertical-align:-4.68874pt;width:150.1125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 150.1125 16.3125" width="150.1125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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</svg>最好的人群。</p><p>在实践中,兴趣是选择数量<svg height="16.3125" id="M38" style="vertical-align:-4.68874pt;width:150.1125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 150.1125 16.3125" width="150.1125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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</svg>相关,即人口最大的未知参数<svg height="16.174999" id="M39" style="vertical-align:-4.5044pt;width:140.825px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 140.825 16.174999" width="140.825" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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</g>
</g>
</svg>。为此,自然选择法则”选择相对应的数量<svg height="9.125" id="M40" style="vertical-align:-0.11285pt;width:5.0124998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 5.0124998 9.125" width="5.0124998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,9.125)">
<g transform="translate(72,-64.7)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.86)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>最大<svg height="14.3625" id="M41" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:12.75px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 12.75 14.3625" width="12.75" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3625)">
<g transform="translate(72,-60.51)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,60.66)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>的,即<svg height="15.95" id="M42" style="vertical-align:-4.5044pt;width:142.03751px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 142.03751 15.95" width="142.03751" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,15.95)">
<g transform="translate(72,-59.24)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,60.66)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
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<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9144161" y="0">
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<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="7.658" y="0">
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</text>
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,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.2012482" y="0">
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</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-41.92,60.66)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9144161" y="0">
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<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="7.658" y="0">
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<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="13.65312" y="0">
1</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="18.029119" y="0">
]</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-20.47,63.79)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.2012482" y="0">
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<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.993498" y="0">
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</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,11.41,60.66)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9144161" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="7.658" y="0">
−</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="13.65312" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="16.392496" y="0">
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<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="22.387615" y="0">
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<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="26.763617" y="0">
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</g>
</svg>随着<svg height="9.125" id="M43" style="vertical-align:-0.11285pt;width:5.0124998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 5.0124998 9.125" width="5.0124998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,9.125)">
<g transform="translate(72,-64.7)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.86)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>使用最好的人群”。然而,有可能选择数量根据自然选择法则可能不是最好的。因此,自然出现的问题是:什么样的信心声明可以对这些选择的结果?出于这一点,我们努力回答这个问题。</p><p>让<svg height="14.7" id="M44" style="vertical-align:-3.21404pt;width:23.2875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 23.2875 14.7" width="23.2875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7)">
<g transform="translate(72,-60.24)">
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年代</tspan>
</text>
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<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>(一个正确的选择<svg height="9.125" id="M45" style="vertical-align:-0.11285pt;width:5.0124998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 5.0124998 9.125" width="5.0124998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,9.125)">
<g transform="translate(72,-64.7)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.86)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>最好的人群)表示的事件<svg height="9.125" id="M46" style="vertical-align:-0.11285pt;width:5.0124998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 5.0124998 9.125" width="5.0124998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,9.125)">
<g transform="translate(72,-64.7)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.86)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>最好的数量实际上是选择。然后,正确选择的概率<svg height="9.125" id="M47" style="vertical-align:-0.11285pt;width:5.0124998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 5.0124998 9.125" width="5.0124998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,9.125)">
<g transform="translate(72,-64.7)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.86)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>最好的数量(<svg height="14.7" id="M48" style="vertical-align:-3.21404pt;width:31.987499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 31.987499 14.7" width="31.987499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7)">
<g transform="translate(72,-60.24)">
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P</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.9641709" y="0">
C</tspan>
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年代</tspan>
</text>
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<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>)是:<span class="equation" id="EEq1.1a">
<svg height="166.28751" id="M49" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 166.28751" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,166.2875)">
<g transform="translate(72,61.03)">
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P</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.9641709" y="0">
C</tspan>
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年代</tspan>
</text>
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<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
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<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="41.77" y="7.3299999">
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)</tspan>
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=</tspan>
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米</tspan>
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我</tspan>
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n</tspan>
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+</tspan>
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)</tspan>
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</svg>。</p><p>为<svg height="10.7375" id="M53" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt;width:8.6000004px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.6000004 10.7375" width="8.6000004" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.993498" y="0">
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<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-26.84,63.47)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
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</svg>古普塔和梁,<一个href="#B3">1</一个>)提供了一个新奇的想法来构造边界的同时降低信心<svg height="14.7" id="M55" style="vertical-align:-3.21404pt;width:31.987499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 31.987499 14.7" width="31.987499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7)">
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</svg>对所有<svg height="12.8875" id="M56" style="vertical-align:-1.76814pt;width:97.412498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 97.412498 12.8875" width="97.412498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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</svg>。他们的结果是应用的选择<svg height="9.125" id="M57" style="vertical-align:-0.11285pt;width:5.0124998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 5.0124998 9.125" width="5.0124998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.8875)">
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</svg>一般尺度参数模型。部分<一个href="#sec2">2</一个>处理获得这样的间隔。结果的应用指数和正态概率模型讨论了部分<一个href="#sec3">3</一个>。在指数分布的情况下,也被认为是二型审查数据。节<一个href="#sec4">4</一个>,我们已经给出了一些数值例子,基于真实数据集,说明发现的过程同时降低信心为正确选择的概率范围<svg height="9.125" id="M59" style="vertical-align:-0.11285pt;width:5.0124998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 5.0124998 9.125" width="5.0124998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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<p>大部分的结果在这一节中所获得的结果作为一个简单的后果古普塔和梁<一个href="#B3">1</一个>]。</p><p>从(<一个href="#EEq1.1a">1.1</一个>),<svg height="14.7" id="M62" style="vertical-align:-3.21404pt;width:50.587502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 50.587502 14.7" width="50.587502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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<svg height="52.862499" id="M65" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 52.862499" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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)</tspan>
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<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="31.68224" y="0">
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<g>
<path d="m 198.51,58.66 9.54,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path>
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<g>
<path d="m 291.23,58.66 9.54,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path>
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<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
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</svg></span>在哪里<svg height="16.637501" id="M66" style="vertical-align:-4.77652pt;width:132.125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 132.125 16.637501" width="132.125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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</svg>为<svg height="13.6125" id="M67" style="vertical-align:-2.34499pt;width:109px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 109 13.6125" width="109" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.921841" y="0">
1</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="48.649174" y="0">
≤</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="60.689564" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="69.02906" y="0">
<</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="81.056946" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="88.508736" y="0">
≤</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="100.54913" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>。在这里,<svg height="18.862499" id="M72" style="vertical-align:-3.80836pt;width:51px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 51 18.862499" width="51" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,18.8625)">
<g transform="translate(72,-56.91)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,60.73)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
∏</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-57.36,66.99)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="9.9399996">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-49.54,60.75)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
≡</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0">
1</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>如果<svg height="9.3625002" id="M73" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt;width:31.2875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 31.2875 9.3625002" width="31.2875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,9.3625)">
<g transform="translate(72,-64.51)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.86)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.37677" y="0">
<</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.417158" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>。请注意,对于每个<svg height="13.6125" id="M74" style="vertical-align:-2.34499pt;width:121.2125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 121.2125 13.6125" width="121.2125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.6125)">
<g transform="translate(72,-61.11)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.863667" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.0271664" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.579458" y="0">
−</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.91968" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.608784" y="0">
+</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="47.949005" y="0">
1</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="57.676338" y="0">
≤</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="69.716728" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="78.056229" y="0">
≤</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="90.084114" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>),<svg height="16.637501" id="M75" style="vertical-align:-4.77652pt;width:36.962502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 36.962502 16.637501" width="36.962502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.6375)">
<g transform="translate(72,-58.69)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.52,60.37)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7393761" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-57.36,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.715071" y="0">
)</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>是在增加<svg height="16.637501" id="M76" style="vertical-align:-4.77652pt;width:41.337502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 41.337502 16.637501" width="41.337502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.6375)">
<g transform="translate(72,-58.69)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
Δ</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.92,60.37)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7393761" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.1439042" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-53.56,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0">
1</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0">
)</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>,减少<svg height="16.637501" id="M77" style="vertical-align:-4.77652pt;width:45.700001px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 45.700001 16.637501" width="45.700001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.6375)">
<g transform="translate(72,-58.69)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
Δ</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.92,60.37)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7393761" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.1439042" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-50.07,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0">
2</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0">
)</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>和<svg height="16.637501" id="M78" style="vertical-align:-4.77652pt;width:41.637501px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 41.637501 16.637501" width="41.637501" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.6375)">
<g transform="translate(72,-58.69)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
Δ</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.92,60.37)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7393761" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.1439042" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-53.32,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0">
3</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0">
)</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>,分别。因此,如果我们发展同时降低信心界限<svg height="16.637501" id="M79" style="vertical-align:-4.77652pt;width:41.337502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 41.337502 16.637501" width="41.337502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.6375)">
<g transform="translate(72,-58.69)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
Δ</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.92,60.37)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7393761" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.1439042" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-53.56,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0">
1</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0">
)</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>,<svg height="12.3" id="M80" style="vertical-align:-1.29163pt;width:82.587502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 82.587502 12.3" width="82.587502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.3)">
<g transform="translate(72,-62.16)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
1</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.7148314" y="0">
≤</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.75522" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.119488" y="0">
≤</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="41.159878" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="50.71217" y="0">
−</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="62.052387" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>和上信心界限<svg height="16.637501" id="M81" style="vertical-align:-4.77652pt;width:45.700001px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 45.700001 16.637501" width="45.700001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.6375)">
<g transform="translate(72,-58.69)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
Δ</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.92,60.37)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7393761" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.1439042" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-50.07,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0">
2</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0">
)</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>和<svg height="16.637501" id="M82" style="vertical-align:-4.77652pt;width:41.637501px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 41.637501 16.637501" width="41.637501" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.6375)">
<g transform="translate(72,-58.69)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
Δ</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.92,60.37)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7393761" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.1439042" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-53.32,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0">
3</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0">
)</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>,<svg height="13.6125" id="M83" style="vertical-align:-2.34499pt;width:164.77499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 164.77499 13.6125" width="164.77499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.6125)">
<g transform="translate(72,-61.11)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.5522919" y="0">
−</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.892513" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.581617" y="0">
+</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.921841" y="0">
1</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="48.649174" y="0">
≤</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="60.689564" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="73.042526" y="0">
≤</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="85.070412" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="93.409912" y="0">
≤</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="105.4503" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="112.90209" y="0">
≤</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="124.94248" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>,<svg height="13.3875" id="M84" style="vertical-align:-2.34499pt;width:34.150002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 34.150002 13.3875" width="34.150002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.3875)">
<g transform="translate(72,-61.29)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.67)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.952628" y="0">
≠</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.605185" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>,<svg height="13.4875" id="M85" style="vertical-align:-2.34499pt;width:28.3375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 28.3375 13.4875" width="28.3375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.4875)">
<g transform="translate(72,-61.21)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3015118" y="0">
≠</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.954067" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>对所有<svg height="12.8875" id="M86" style="vertical-align:-1.76814pt;width:97.412498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 97.412498 12.8875" width="97.412498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.8875)">
<g transform="translate(72,-61.69)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.37677" y="0">
=</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.417158" y="0">
1</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.668659" y="0">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.88241" y="0">
…</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.460907" y="0">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="50.67466" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="60.226952" y="0">
−</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="71.567169" y="0">
1</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>那么,同时降低信心界限<svg height="14.7" id="M87" style="vertical-align:-3.21404pt;width:50.587502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 50.587502 14.7" width="50.587502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7)">
<g transform="translate(72,-60.24)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
P</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.9641709" y="0">
C</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.303672" y="0">
年代</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-49.69,60.37)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-46.46,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.715071" y="0">
)</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>对所有<svg height="12.8875" id="M88" style="vertical-align:-1.76814pt;width:97.412498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 97.412498 12.8875" width="97.412498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.8875)">
<g transform="translate(72,-61.69)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.37677" y="0">
=</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.417158" y="0">
1</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.668659" y="0">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.88241" y="0">
…</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.460907" y="0">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="50.67466" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="60.226952" y="0">
−</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="71.567169" y="0">
1</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>可以建立。</p><p>而且,从(<一个href="#EEq1.1a">1.1 b</一个>),<svg height="14.7" id="M89" style="vertical-align:-3.21404pt;width:50.587502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 50.587502 14.7" width="50.587502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7)">
<g transform="translate(72,-60.24)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
P</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.9641709" y="0">
C</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.303672" y="0">
年代</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-49.69,60.37)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-46.46,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.715071" y="0">
)</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>可以表示为<span class="equation" id="EEq2.3">
<svg height="50.837502" id="M90" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 50.837502" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,50.8375)">
<g transform="translate(72,-31.33)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,152.37,47.69)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
P</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.9641709" y="0">
C</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.303672" y="0">
年代</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,174.62,44.56)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,179.94,47.69)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.715071" y="0">
)</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.354404" y="0">
=</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,211.67,63.63)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.7435842" y="0">
−</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.738704" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,210.33,41.14)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,211.86,33.96)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="0">
=</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.7169924" y="0">
1</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,226.49,47.69)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,236.25,44.56)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7393761" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,244.3,47.69)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.702568" y="0">
)</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.954067" y="0">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="220.45" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="224.61349" y="0">
2</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="230.86501" y="0">
。</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="233.99075" y="0">
3</tspan>
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)</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg></span>在每个<svg height="12.8875" id="M91" style="vertical-align:-1.76814pt;width:94.462502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 94.462502 12.8875" width="94.462502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.8875)">
<g transform="translate(72,-61.69)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.3517642" y="0">
=</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.392153" y="0">
1</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.643654" y="0">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.857405" y="0">
…</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.435902" y="0">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="50.649654" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="60.201946" y="0">
−</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="71.542168" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>,<span class="equation" id="EEq2.4">
<svg height="52.862499" id="M92" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 52.862499" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,52.8625)">
<g transform="translate(72,-29.71)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,28.85,47.61)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,38.61,44.48)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7393761" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,46.66,47.62)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.389999" y="7.71">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.702568" y="0">
)</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.341902" y="0">
=</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,89.1,63.56)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="0">
−</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.7169924" y="0">
1</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,86.13,41.05)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
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</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,87.35,33.87)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.2139201" y="0">
=</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="12.20904" y="0">
1</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,105.16,47.61)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.62" y="2.51">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.469999" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.708998" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,135.16,44.48)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7393761" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.4612479" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,149.42,47.62)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.58" y="2.52">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0">
1</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0">
)</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,176.13,63.56)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.7435842" y="0">
−</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.738704" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,173.35,41.05)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,171.93,33.87)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7831359" y="0">
=</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.7782564" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="11.500128" y="0">
+</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="17.495249" y="0">
1</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,193.8,47.61)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.63" y="2.51">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.48" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.718996" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,223.81,44.48)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7393761" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.4612479" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,234.81,47.62)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.58" y="2.52">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0">
2</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0">
)</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,271.57,63.56)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,264.43,41.05)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,257.32,33.87)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.4045279" y="0">
=</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.3996477" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="14.143232" y="0">
−</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="20.138351" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="22.877728" y="0">
+</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="28.872849" y="0">
1</tspan>
</text>
<g>
<path d="m 290.57,58.66 9.54,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path>
</g>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,290.57,47.61)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.63" y="2.51">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.48" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.718996" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,320.57,44.48)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7393761" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.4612479" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,332.55,47.62)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.58" y="2.52">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0">
3</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0">
)</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.51" y="0.0099999998">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.161596" y="0.0099999998">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.776882" y="0.0099999998">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="44.94038" y="0.0099999998">
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<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="51.179379" y="0.0099999998">
)</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="132.2" y="-0.11">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="136.36349" y="-0.11">
2</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="142.61501" y="-0.11">
。</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="145.74075" y="-0.11">
4</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="151.99225" y="-0.11">
)</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg></span>和<svg height="16.299999" id="M93" style="vertical-align:-4.5044pt;width:135.72501px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 135.72501 16.299999" width="135.72501" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.3)">
<g transform="translate(72,-58.96)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.66,60.37)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7393761" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.4612479" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-53.49,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0">
1</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0">
)</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.041828" y="0">
=</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.082218" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-16.85,60.37)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9144161" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.6362882" y="0">
]</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-7.8,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
/</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="3.4758339" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,2.23,60.37)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9144161" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.128336" y="0">
]</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,18.24,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
≥</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.040389" y="0">
1</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>为<svg height="12.3" id="M94" style="vertical-align:-1.29163pt;width:113.075px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 113.075 12.3" width="113.075" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.3)">
<g transform="translate(72,-62.16)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
1</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.7148314" y="0">
≤</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.75522" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.108185" y="0">
<</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="46.148575" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="53.500336" y="0">
≤</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="65.540726" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="75.093018" y="0">
−</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="86.44574" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>;<svg height="16.299999" id="M95" style="vertical-align:-4.5044pt;width:127.375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 127.375 16.299999" width="127.375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.3)">
<g transform="translate(72,-58.96)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.66,60.37)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7393761" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.4612479" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-56.74,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0">
2</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0">
)</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.041828" y="0">
=</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.082218" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-20.1,60.37)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9144161" y="0">
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<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.6362882" y="0">
]</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-11.05,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
/</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="3.4758339" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-1.03,60.37)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9144161" y="0">
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<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.6975522" y="0">
]</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,11.56,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
≤</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0">
1</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>为<svg height="12.3" id="M96" style="vertical-align:-1.29163pt;width:106.95px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 106.95 12.3" width="106.95" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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<g transform="translate(72,-62.16)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
1</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.7148314" y="0">
≤</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.75522" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.119488" y="0">
<</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="41.159878" y="0">
</tspan>
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≤</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="60.639549" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="70.191841" y="0">
−</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="81.544563" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>;和<svg height="16.637501" id="M97" style="vertical-align:-4.77652pt;width:129.3625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 129.3625 16.637501" width="129.3625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.6375)">
<g transform="translate(72,-58.69)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.66,60.37)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7393761" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.4612479" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-55.77,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
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<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0">
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)</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.041828" y="0">
=</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.082218" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-19.13,60.37)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9144161" y="0">
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<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.6362882" y="0">
]</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-10.08,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
/</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="3.4758339" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-0.05,60.37)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
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<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9144161" y="0">
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<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.318944" y="0">
]</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,13.15,63.5)">
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</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>为<svg height="13.4875" id="M98" style="vertical-align:-2.34499pt;width:108.7125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 108.7125 13.4875" width="108.7125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.4875)">
<g transform="translate(72,-61.21)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.3517642" y="0">
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<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.392153" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.944445" y="0">
−</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.284664" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="47.673939" y="0">
<</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="59.714329" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="68.053825" y="0">
≤</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="80.094215" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>。请注意,对于每个<svg height="12.8875" id="M99" style="vertical-align:-1.76814pt;width:94.462502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 94.462502 12.8875" width="94.462502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.8875)">
<g transform="translate(72,-61.69)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.3517642" y="0">
=</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.392153" y="0">
1</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.643654" y="0">
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<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.857405" y="0">
…</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.435902" y="0">
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<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="50.649654" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="60.201946" y="0">
−</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="71.542168" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>,<svg height="14.7125" id="M100" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:43.587502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 43.587502 14.7125" width="43.587502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7125)">
<g transform="translate(72,-60.23)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-67.78,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-58.02,60.37)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7393761" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-52.06,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0">
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<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.715071" y="0">
)</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>是在增加<svg height="14.7125" id="M101" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:41.424999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 41.424999 14.7125" width="41.424999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7125)">
<g transform="translate(72,-60.23)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.66,60.37)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7393761" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.4612479" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-53.49,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
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<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0">
1</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0">
)</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>,<svg height="14.7125" id="M102" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:37.362499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 37.362499 14.7125" width="37.362499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7125)">
<g transform="translate(72,-60.23)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.66,60.37)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7393761" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.4612479" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-56.74,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0">
2</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0">
)</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>,减少<svg height="16.637501" id="M103" style="vertical-align:-4.77652pt;width:38.575001px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 38.575001 16.637501" width="38.575001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.6375)">
<g transform="translate(72,-58.69)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.66,60.37)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7393761" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.4612479" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-55.77,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0">
3</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0">
)</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>,分别。因此,如果同时降低信心界限<svg height="14.7125" id="M104" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:41.424999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 41.424999 14.7125" width="41.424999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7125)">
<g transform="translate(72,-60.23)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.66,60.37)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7393761" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.4612479" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-53.49,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0">
1</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0">
)</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>和<svg height="14.7125" id="M105" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:37.362499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 37.362499 14.7125" width="37.362499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7125)">
<g transform="translate(72,-60.23)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.66,60.37)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7393761" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.4612479" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-56.74,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0">
2</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0">
)</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>,<svg height="12.3" id="M106" style="vertical-align:-1.29163pt;width:137.4375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 137.4375 12.3" width="137.4375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.3)">
<g transform="translate(72,-62.16)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
1</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.7148314" y="0">
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<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.75522" y="0">
</tspan>
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≤</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="46.148575" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="53.500336" y="0">
≤</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="65.540726" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="72.992516" y="0">
≤</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="85.032906" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="94.585197" y="0">
−</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="105.92542" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>,<svg height="12.9125" id="M107" style="vertical-align:-1.95624pt;width:32px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 32 12.9125" width="32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.9125)">
<g transform="translate(72,-61.67)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.67)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.952628" y="0">
≠</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.605185" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>,<svg height="13" id="M108" style="vertical-align:-1.95624pt;width:26.1875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 26.1875 13" width="26.1875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13)">
<g transform="translate(72,-61.6)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3015118" y="0">
≠</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.954067" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>和上信心界限<svg height="14.7125" id="M109" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:37.362499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 37.362499 14.7125" width="37.362499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7125)">
<g transform="translate(72,-60.23)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.66,60.37)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7393761" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.4612479" y="0">
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</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-56.74,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0">
3</tspan>
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)</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>,<svg height="13.4875" id="M110" style="vertical-align:-2.34499pt;width:108.7125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 108.7125 13.4875" width="108.7125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.4875)">
<g transform="translate(72,-61.21)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.3517642" y="0">
≤</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.392153" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.944445" y="0">
−</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.284664" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="47.673939" y="0">
<</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="59.714329" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="68.053825" y="0">
≤</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="80.094215" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>可以获得,之后,通过使用(<一个href="#EEq2.3">2.3</一个>)和(<一个href="#EEq2.4">2.4</一个>),我们可以获得同时降低边界的信心<svg height="14.7" id="M111" style="vertical-align:-3.21404pt;width:50.587502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 50.587502 14.7" width="50.587502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7)">
<g transform="translate(72,-60.24)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
P</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.9641709" y="0">
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<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.303672" y="0">
年代</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-49.69,60.37)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-46.46,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0">
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<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.715071" y="0">
)</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>对所有<svg height="12.8875" id="M112" style="vertical-align:-1.76814pt;width:97.412498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 97.412498 12.8875" width="97.412498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.8875)">
<g transform="translate(72,-61.69)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.37677" y="0">
=</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.417158" y="0">
1</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.668659" y="0">
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<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.88241" y="0">
…</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.460907" y="0">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="50.67466" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="60.226952" y="0">
−</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="71.567169" y="0">
1</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>。</p><p>我们使用的结果古普塔和梁<一个href="#B3">1</一个>)构建同时降低信心界限<svg height="16.637501" id="M113" style="vertical-align:-4.77652pt;width:41.337502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 41.337502 16.637501" width="41.337502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.6375)">
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<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
Δ</tspan>
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<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.92,60.37)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
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<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7393761" y="0">
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<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.1439042" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-53.56,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0">
1</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0">
)</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>,<svg height="14.7125" id="M114" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:41.424999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 41.424999 14.7125" width="41.424999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7125)">
<g transform="translate(72,-60.23)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.66,60.37)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7393761" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.4612479" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-53.49,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0">
1</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0">
)</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>,<svg height="14.7125" id="M115" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:37.362499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 37.362499 14.7125" width="37.362499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7125)">
<g transform="translate(72,-60.23)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.66,60.37)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7393761" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.4612479" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-56.74,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0">
2</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0">
)</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>,和上信心界限<svg height="16.637501" id="M116" style="vertical-align:-4.77652pt;width:45.700001px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 45.700001 16.637501" width="45.700001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.6375)">
<g transform="translate(72,-58.69)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
Δ</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.92,60.37)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7393761" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.1439042" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-50.07,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0">
2</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0">
)</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>,<svg height="16.637501" id="M117" style="vertical-align:-4.77652pt;width:41.637501px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 41.637501 16.637501" width="41.637501" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.6375)">
<g transform="translate(72,-58.69)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
Δ</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.92,60.37)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7393761" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.1439042" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-53.32,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0">
3</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0">
)</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>,<svg height="14.7125" id="M118" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:37.362499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 37.362499 14.7125" width="37.362499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7125)">
<g transform="translate(72,-60.23)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.66,60.37)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7393761" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.4612479" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-56.74,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0">
3</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0">
)</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>对所有<svg height="12.8875" id="M119" style="vertical-align:-1.76814pt;width:97.412498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 97.412498 12.8875" width="97.412498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.8875)">
<g transform="translate(72,-61.69)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.37677" y="0">
=</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.417158" y="0">
1</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.668659" y="0">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.88241" y="0">
…</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.460907" y="0">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="50.67466" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="60.226952" y="0">
−</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="71.567169" y="0">
1</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>。</p><p>为每一个<svg height="14.3" id="M120" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:100.8875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 100.8875 14.3" width="100.8875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3)">
<g transform="translate(72,-60.56)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,62.83)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.65,67.83)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
∗</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-57.57,62.83)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0">
0</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.87833" y="0">
<</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.918718" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-22.34,67.83)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
∗</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-13.8,62.83)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
<</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.040389" y="0">
1</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.291889" y="0">
)</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>,让<svg height="14.3" id="M121" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:64.25px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 64.25 14.3" width="64.25" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3)">
<g transform="translate(72,-60.56)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,62.83)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.188745" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.3522444" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.12887" y="0">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.330118" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.544109" y="0">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.757858" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-29.89,67.83)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
∗</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-24.81,62.83)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
)</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>是这样的价值<span class="equation" id="EEq2.5">
<svg height="48.1875" id="M122" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 48.1875" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,48.1875)">
<g transform="translate(72,-33.45)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,83.2,49.6)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,90.63,46.47)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,90.78,41.13)">
<tspan style="font-size: 6.25px; " x="0" y="0">
−</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,97.8,39.87)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.453228" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.42" y="-20.309999">
米</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.147335" y="-20.309999">
一个</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.698666" y="-20.309999">
x</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,142.75,57.05)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
1</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0">
≤</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.37112" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="13.092992" y="0">
≤</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="19.088112" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,169.16,57.67)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.8600001" y="-2.51">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,181.89,57.05)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,185.11,60.18)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
/</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="3.4758339" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,195.14,57.05)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,198.36,57.67)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<g>
<path d="m 120.71,52.73 84.01,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path>
</g>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,120.71,39.02)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
米</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.727334" y="0">
我</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.203168" y="0">
n</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,140.16,35.9)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
1</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0">
≤</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.37112" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="13.775648" y="0">
≤</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="19.770767" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,167.26,36.51)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.8499999" y="-2.51">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,179.99,35.9)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,184.42,39.02)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
/</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="3.4758339" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,194.44,35.9)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,198.87,36.51)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.0500002" y="-3.3599999">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.720001" y="-10.58">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.790001" y="-13.09">
≤</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.817886" y="-13.09">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="44.57" y="-13.09">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="51.346626" y="-13.09">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="56.547874" y="-13.09">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="62.761864" y="-13.09">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="67.975616" y="-13.09">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,276.16,54.6)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
∗</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,281.23,47.09)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.8499999" y="7.2199998">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.780001" y="-2.51">
=</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.807884" y="-2.51">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,325.35,54.6)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
∗</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,330.42,49.6)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
。</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="134.33" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="138.4935" y="0">
2</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="144.745" y="0">
。</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="147.87074" y="0">
5</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="154.12225" y="0">
)</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg></span>注意,因为<svg height="14.3625" id="M123" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:12.75px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 12.75 14.3625" width="12.75" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3625)">
<g transform="translate(72,-60.51)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,60.66)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>有一个分布函数<svg height="14.7125" id="M124" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:44.5px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 44.5 14.7125" width="44.5" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7125)">
<g transform="translate(72,-60.23)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.7268538" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.890353" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.091841" y="0">
/</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.567675" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-43.83,60.37)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-40.61,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
)</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>,<svg height="12.8875" id="M125" style="vertical-align:-1.76814pt;width:71.912498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 71.912498 12.8875" width="71.912498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.8875)">
<g transform="translate(72,-61.69)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.3517642" y="0">
=</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.392153" y="0">
1</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.643654" y="0">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.857405" y="0">
…</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.435902" y="0">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="50.649654" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>的价值,<svg height="14.3" id="M126" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:90.125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 90.125 14.3" width="90.125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3)">
<g transform="translate(72,-60.56)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,62.83)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.6520758" y="0">
=</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.692465" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.88121" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.044708" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.821335" y="0">
,</tspan>
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<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.75,68.41)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
−</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-55.78,63.41)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
=</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0">
米</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.75522" y="0">
我</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.231054" y="0">
n</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.646053" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.809551" y="0">
1</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="46.06105" y="0">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="51.274803" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="57.476292" y="0">
)</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>。</p><p><span class="statement" id="lem2.1"><span class="statement-title">引理2.1。</span><i>(一)<svg height="14.2375" id="M131" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:87.025002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 87.025002 14.2375" width="87.025002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.2375)">
<g transform="translate(72,-60.61)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-67.78,63.79)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.390473" y="0">
⊂</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.430862" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-34.42,60.66)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
1</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-26.76,63.79)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
∩</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.515023" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-7.31,60.66)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
2</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>,因此,</我><br><我>(b)<svg height="15.5625" id="M132" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:185.66251px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 185.66251 15.5625" width="185.66251" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,15.5625)">
<g transform="translate(72,-59.55)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-67.78,62.83)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-60.36,59.7)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-55.27,62.83)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
{</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.00144" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-40.34,59.7)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
1</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-32.69,62.83)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
∩</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.527526" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-13.23,59.7)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
2</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-8.36,62.83)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
}</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.4647713" y="0">
≥</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.505159" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,20.58,59.7)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,25.67,62.83)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
{</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.00144" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.928582" y="0">
}</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.393353" y="0">
=</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.433743" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,71.41,67.83)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
∗</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>对所有<svg height="10.7375" id="M133" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt;width:8.3125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.3125 10.7375" width="8.3125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.7375)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.41)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>。</我></span></p>
<p><span class="statement" id="proof1"><span class="statement-title"><i class="statement-title">证明。</我></span>下面的代码行(a)部分引理2.1古普塔和梁<一个href="#B3">1</一个>),<svg height="16.637501" id="M134" style="vertical-align:-4.77652pt;width:71.525002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 71.525002 16.637501" width="71.525002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.6375)">
<g transform="translate(72,-58.69)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.4,60.37)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9144161" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.6362882" y="0">
]</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-56.35,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
/</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="3.4758339" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-46.32,60.37)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9144161" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.318944" y="0">
]</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-33.12,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
≥</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0">
1</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>作为<svg height="12.675" id="M135" style="vertical-align:-2.34499pt;width:30.450001px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 30.450001 12.675" width="30.450001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.675)">
<g transform="translate(72,-61.86)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.25)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.3269978" y="0">
<</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.367388" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>和<svg height="16.637501" id="M136" style="vertical-align:-4.77652pt;width:71.525002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 71.525002 16.637501" width="71.525002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.6375)">
<g transform="translate(72,-58.69)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.4,60.37)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9144161" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.6362882" y="0">
]</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-56.35,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
/</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="3.4758339" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-46.32,60.37)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9144161" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.318944" y="0">
]</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-33.12,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
≤</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0">
1</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>为<svg height="12.675" id="M137" style="vertical-align:-2.34499pt;width:31.387501px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 31.387501 12.675" width="31.387501" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.675)">
<g transform="translate(72,-61.86)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.25)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.3517642" y="0">
<</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.392153" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>,我们有<svg height="14.2375" id="M138" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:47.924999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 47.924999 14.2375" width="47.924999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.2375)">
<g transform="translate(72,-60.61)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.390473" y="0">
⊂</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.430862" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-38.58,60.66)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
1</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>和<svg height="14.2375" id="M139" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:53.137501px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 53.137501 14.2375" width="53.137501" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.2375)">
<g transform="translate(72,-60.61)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-67.78,63.79)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.390473" y="0">
⊂</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.430862" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-34.42,60.66)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
2</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>。因此,<svg height="14.2375" id="M140" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:81.8125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 81.8125 14.2375" width="81.8125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.2375)">
<g transform="translate(72,-60.61)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.390473" y="0">
⊂</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.430862" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-38.58,60.66)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
1</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-30.93,63.79)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
∩</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.527526" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-11.47,60.66)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
2</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>。<br>部分(b)遵循立即从部分(a)和(<一个href="#EEq2.5">2.5</一个>)。<br>为每一个<svg height="12.8875" id="M141" style="vertical-align:-1.76814pt;width:97.412498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 97.412498 12.8875" width="97.412498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.8875)">
<g transform="translate(72,-61.69)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.37677" y="0">
=</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.417158" y="0">
1</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.668659" y="0">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.88241" y="0">
…</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.460907" y="0">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="50.67466" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="60.226952" y="0">
−</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="71.567169" y="0">
1</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>和<svg height="13.6125" id="M142" style="vertical-align:-2.34499pt;width:121.8px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 121.8 13.6125" width="121.8" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.6125)">
<g transform="translate(72,-61.11)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.3269978" y="0">
=</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.367388" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.91968" y="0">
−</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="41.259899" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="47.96151" y="0">
+</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="59.301727" y="0">
1</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="65.55323" y="0">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="70.766983" y="0">
…</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="85.345474" y="0">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="90.559227" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>,让<span class="equation" id="EEq2.6">
<svg height="145.1125" id="M143" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 145.1125" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,145.1125)">
<g transform="translate(72,44.09)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,111.89,54.3)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-1.01" y="2.8">
Δ</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,119.91,48.38)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7393761" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.1439042" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,131.35,51.51)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.09" y="7.3299999">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.919998" y="-10.77">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0">
1</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0">
)</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.054333" y="0">
=</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,181.15,59.15)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9144161" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.318944" y="0">
]</tspan>
</text>
<g>
<path d="m 172.02,54.63 21.11,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path>
</g>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,172.02,42.75)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.188745" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,184.08,39.63)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9144161" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.6362882" y="0">
]</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,194.33,44.18)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,203.7,67.16)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
+</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,220.16,51.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-120.14" y="38.349998">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-121.15" y="41.150002">
Δ</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
f</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="3.7759061" y="0">
o</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.027406" y="0">
r</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.341902" y="0">
1</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.069235" y="0">
≤</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.097122" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="47.461388" y="0">
≤</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="59.501778" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="69.05407" y="0">
−</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="80.394287" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="84.307732" y="0">
;</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,108.04,7.23)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7393761" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.1439042" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,122.98,10.36)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.09" y="7.3299999">
</tspan>
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<p>下面的引理引理的直接结果<一个href="#lem2.1">2.1</一个>。</p><p><span class="statement" id="lem2.2"><span class="statement-title">引理2.2。</span><i>的概率至少<svg height="11.525" id="M147" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:18.1px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 18.1 11.525" width="18.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.832638" y="0">
∀</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.834316" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.498417" y="0">
+</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="56.838638" y="0">
1</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="66.565971" y="0">
≤</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="78.606361" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="86.058151" y="0">
≤</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="98.086037" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="107.65083" y="0">
−</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="118.99105" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="122.90449" y="0">
;</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,117.5,9.93)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7393761" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.4612479" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,129.47,13.06)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.110001" y="-2.72">
̂</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.09" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0">
3</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0">
)</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.041828" y="0">
≤</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,165.85,9.93)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7393761" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.4612479" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,177.82,13.06)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0">
3</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0">
)</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.653996" y="0">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.832638" y="0">
∀</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.834316" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="48.386608" y="0">
−</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="59.72683" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="66.415939" y="0">
+</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="77.768661" y="0">
1</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="87.48349" y="0">
≤</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="99.52388" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="107.86338" y="0">
≤</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="119.90377" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="126.6804" y="0">
。</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="280.67001" y="-23.940001">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="284.8335" y="-23.940001">
2</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="291.08499" y="-23.940001">
。</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="294.21075" y="-23.940001">
1</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="300.46225" y="-23.940001">
0</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="306.71375" y="-23.940001">
)</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg></span><i>现在,对于每个<svg height="12.8875" id="M154" style="vertical-align:-1.76814pt;width:97.412498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 97.412498 12.8875" width="97.412498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.8875)">
<g transform="translate(72,-61.69)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.37677" y="0">
=</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.417158" y="0">
1</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.668659" y="0">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.88241" y="0">
…</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.460907" y="0">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="50.67466" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="60.226952" y="0">
−</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="71.567169" y="0">
1</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>和每个<svg height="13.6125" id="M155" style="vertical-align:-2.34499pt;width:121.8px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 121.8 13.6125" width="121.8" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.6125)">
<g transform="translate(72,-61.11)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.3269978" y="0">
=</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.367388" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.91968" y="0">
−</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="41.259899" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="47.96151" y="0">
+</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="59.301727" y="0">
1</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="65.55323" y="0">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="70.766983" y="0">
…</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="85.345474" y="0">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="90.559227" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>,定义</我><span class="equation" id="EEq2.8">
<svg height="52.862499" id="M156" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 52.862499" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,52.8625)">
<g transform="translate(72,-29.71)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,24.41,50.15)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-1.15" y="2.54">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,32.56,44.48)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7393761" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,43.2,47.61)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
=</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.04" y="7.6999998">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,67.1,63.56)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.7435842" y="0">
−</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.738704" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,64.32,41.05)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,67.29,33.87)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="0">
=</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.7169924" y="0">
1</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,83.35,47.61)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.62" y="4.9200001">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.99" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.200001" y="-2.8">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.190001" y="0">
Δ</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,117.57,44.48)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7393761" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.1439042" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,129.01,47.62)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.58" y="4.9299998">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0">
1</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0">
)</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,164.42,63.56)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.4045279" y="0">
−</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.3996477" y="0">
1</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,161.8,41.05)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,153.28,33.87)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.2139201" y="0">
=</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="12.20904" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="16.952623" y="0">
−</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="22.947744" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="25.68712" y="0">
+</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="31.68224" y="0">
1</tspan>
</text>
<g>
<path d="m 189.34,58.66 9.54,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path>
</g>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,189.34,47.61)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.62" y="4.9200001">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.99" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.200001" y="-2.8">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.190001" y="0">
Δ</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,223.55,44.48)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7393761" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.1439042" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,238.49,47.62)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.58" y="4.9299998">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0">
2</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0">
)</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,271.66,63.56)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,264.52,41.05)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,262.76,33.87)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7831359" y="0">
=</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.7782564" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="12.182784" y="0">
+</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="18.177904" y="0">
1</tspan>
</text>
<g>
<path d="m 285.31,58.66 9.54,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path>
</g>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,285.31,47.61)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.63" y="4.9200001">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.99" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.209999" y="-2.8">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.190001" y="0">
Δ</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,319.53,44.48)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7393761" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.1439042" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,331.21,47.62)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.58" y="4.9299998">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0">
3</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0">
)</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.27" y="0.0099999998">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.921597" y="0.0099999998">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.536884" y="0.0099999998">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="46.700382" y="0.0099999998">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="52.901871" y="0.0099999998">
)</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="59.15337" y="0.0099999998">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="127.28" y="-0.11">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="131.4435" y="-0.11">
2</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="137.69499" y="-0.11">
。</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="140.82076" y="-0.11">
1</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="147.07225" y="-0.11">
1</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="153.32375" y="-0.11">
)</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg></span><i>对于每个<svg height="12.8875" id="M157" style="vertical-align:-1.76814pt;width:97.412498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 97.412498 12.8875" width="97.412498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.8875)">
<g transform="translate(72,-61.69)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.37677" y="0">
=</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.417158" y="0">
1</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.668659" y="0">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.88241" y="0">
…</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.460907" y="0">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="50.67466" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="60.226952" y="0">
−</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="71.567169" y="0">
1</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>,定义</我><span class="equation" id="EEq2.9">
<svg height="52.762501" id="M158" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 52.762501" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,52.7625)">
<g transform="translate(72,-29.79)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,169.08,50.22)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-1.15" y="2.53">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,177.23,44.56)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,183.94,47.69)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
=</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,210.23,63.63)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,204.53,41.14)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,195.98,33.96)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.4045279" y="0">
=</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.3996477" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="14.143232" y="0">
−</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="20.138351" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="22.877728" y="0">
+</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="28.872849" y="0">
1</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,230.38,50.22)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-1.15" y="2.53">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,238.53,44.56)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7393761" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,245.7,47.69)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
。</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="212.78999" y="-0.079999998">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="216.95351" y="-0.079999998">
2</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="223.205" y="-0.079999998">
。</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="226.33075" y="-0.079999998">
1</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="232.58224" y="-0.079999998">
2</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="238.83376" y="-0.079999998">
)</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
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</svg></span><i><span class="displayed-label" id="EEq2.11"></span>定义</我><span class="equation" id="EEq2.12">
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</svg></span><i>作者提出<svg height="19.512501" id="M164" style="vertical-align:-3.21404pt;width:121.5625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 121.5625 19.512501" width="121.5625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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</g>
</svg>为每一个<svg height="12.8875" id="M166" style="vertical-align:-1.76814pt;width:97.412498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 97.412498 12.8875" width="97.412498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.8875)">
<g transform="translate(72,-61.69)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.37677" y="0">
=</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.417158" y="0">
1</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.668659" y="0">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.88241" y="0">
…</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.460907" y="0">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="50.67466" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="60.226952" y="0">
−</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="71.567169" y="0">
1</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>。作者有以下定理。</我></span></p>
<p><span class="statement" id="thm2.1"><span class="statement-title">定理2.3。</span><i>
<svg height="23.512501" id="M167" style="vertical-align:-10.2363pt;width:114.2px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 114.2 23.512501" width="114.2" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,23.5125)">
<g transform="translate(72,-53.19)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.45)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.52,60.32)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.37,54.97)">
<tspan style="font-size: 6.25px; " x="0" y="0">
−</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-59.44,63.45)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
{</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.00144" y="0">
P</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.965611" y="0">
C</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.305113" y="0">
年代</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-31.18,60.32)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-27.94,63.45)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.702568" y="0">
)</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.341902" y="0">
≥</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.38229" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,9.87,60.32)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7393761" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>对所有<svg height="14.3625" id="M168" style="vertical-align:-2.26974pt;width:142.27499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 142.27499 14.3625" width="142.27499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3625)">
<g transform="translate(72,-60.51)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,62.83)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.37677" y="0">
=</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.417158" y="0">
1</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.668659" y="0">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.88241" y="0">
…</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.460907" y="0">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="50.67466" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="60.226952" y="0">
−</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="71.567169" y="0">
1</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="77.818672" y="0">
}</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="87.295944" y="0">
≥</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="99.336334" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,36.7,67.83)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
∗</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>对所有<svg height="10.7375" id="M169" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt;width:8.3125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.3125 10.7375" width="8.3125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.7375)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.41)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>。</我></span></p>
<p><span class="statement" id="proof2"><span class="statement-title"><i class="statement-title">证明。</我></span>请注意,<svg height="16.637501" id="M170" style="vertical-align:-4.77652pt;width:36.962502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 36.962502 16.637501" width="36.962502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.6375)">
<g transform="translate(72,-58.69)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.52,60.37)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7393761" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-57.36,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.715071" y="0">
)</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>是在增加<svg height="16.637501" id="M171" style="vertical-align:-4.77652pt;width:41.337502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 41.337502 16.637501" width="41.337502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.6375)">
<g transform="translate(72,-58.69)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
Δ</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.92,60.37)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7393761" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.1439042" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-53.56,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0">
1</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0">
)</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>和减少<svg height="16.637501" id="M172" style="vertical-align:-4.77652pt;width:45.700001px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 45.700001 16.637501" width="45.700001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.6375)">
<g transform="translate(72,-58.69)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
Δ</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.92,60.37)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7393761" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.1439042" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-50.07,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0">
2</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0">
)</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>和<svg height="16.637501" id="M173" style="vertical-align:-4.77652pt;width:41.637501px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 41.637501 16.637501" width="41.637501" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.6375)">
<g transform="translate(72,-58.69)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
Δ</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.92,60.37)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7393761" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.1439042" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-53.32,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0">
3</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0">
)</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>。同时,<svg height="14.7125" id="M174" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:38.375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 38.375 14.7125" width="38.375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7125)">
<g transform="translate(72,-60.23)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.19,60.37)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7393761" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-56.23,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.715071" y="0">
)</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>是在增加<svg height="14.7125" id="M175" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:41.424999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 41.424999 14.7125" width="41.424999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7125)">
<g transform="translate(72,-60.23)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.66,60.37)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7393761" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.4612479" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-53.49,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0">
1</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0">
)</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>,<svg height="14.7125" id="M176" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:37.362499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 37.362499 14.7125" width="37.362499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7125)">
<g transform="translate(72,-60.23)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.66,60.37)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7393761" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.4612479" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-56.74,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0">
2</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0">
)</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>和减少<svg height="16.637501" id="M177" style="vertical-align:-4.77652pt;width:38.575001px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 38.575001 16.637501" width="38.575001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.6375)">
<g transform="translate(72,-58.69)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.66,60.37)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7393761" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.4612479" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-55.77,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0">
3</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0">
)</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>。然后,通过使用(<一个href="#EEq2.2">2.2</一个>),(<一个href="#EEq2.4">2.4</一个>),(<一个href="#EEq2.8">2.11</一个>),(<一个href="#EEq2.10">2.13</一个>),引理<一个href="#lem2.2">2.2</一个>,我们有<span class="equation" id="EEq2.13">
<svg height="28.9625" id="M178" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 28.9625" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,28.9625)">
<g transform="translate(72,-48.83)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.81,57.29)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-55.38,54.16)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-48.22,52.37)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.9700003" y="-4.9200001">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-31.82,54.16)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7393761" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-22.57,57.3)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.540001" y="-2.53">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.389999" y="0.0099999998">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.702568" y="0">
)</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.341902" y="0">
≥</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,17.12,54.16)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7393761" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,24.29,57.29)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.364747" y="0">
∀</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.366426" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.705929" y="0">
=</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.746319" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="46.298611" y="0">
−</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="57.638828" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="64.327934" y="0">
+</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="75.680656" y="0">
1</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="81.932159" y="0">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="87.133408" y="0">
。</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="90.259155" y="0">
。</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="93.384911" y="0">
。</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="96.510658" y="0">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="101.72441" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="108.50104" y="0">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="117.87828" y="0">
一个</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="123.42962" y="0">
n</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="129.68112" y="0">
d</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="140.09612" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,174.16,54.16)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7393761" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,182.21,57.3)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.009998" y="-2.7">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.379999" y="0.0099999998">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.702568" y="0">
)</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.341902" y="0">
≥</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,222.36,54.16)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7393761" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,228.32,57.29)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="179.06" y="4.9200001">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.364747" y="0">
∀</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.366426" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.730694" y="0">
=</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.771084" y="0">
1</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.022583" y="0">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="47.236336" y="0">
…</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="61.814831" y="0">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="67.02858" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="76.580872" y="0">
−</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="87.921097" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="91.834534" y="0">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="101.21178" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="108.60106" y="0">
=</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="120.64145" y="0">
1</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="126.89294" y="0">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="132.1067" y="0">
…</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="146.6852" y="0">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="151.89894" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="161.45123" y="0">
−</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="172.79146" y="0">
1</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="191.49001" y="0">
≥</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="203.5304" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,441.15,62.29)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
∗</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,446.23,57.29)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
。</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.25294" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.416439" y="0">
2</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.667938" y="0">
。</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.79369" y="0">
1</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.045189" y="0">
6</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.296688" y="0">
)</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg></span>然后,通过(<一个href="#EEq2.1">2.1</一个>),(<一个href="#EEq2.3">2.3</一个>),(<一个href="#EEq2.9">2.12</一个>),(<一个href="#EEq2.11">2.14</一个>)和(<一个href="#EEq2.13">2.16</一个>),我们有<span class="equation" id="eq4">
<svg height="59.387501" id="M179" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 59.387501" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,59.3875)">
<g transform="translate(72,-24.49)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,58.33,57.29)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,67.63,62.29)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
∗</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,76.18,57.29)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.42" y="4.9200001">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
≤</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.389999" y="0">
P</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.354172" y="0">
C</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="47.693672" y="0">
年代</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,130.82,54.16)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,136.14,57.3)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.540001" y="-2.53">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.389999" y="0.0099999998">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.715071" y="0">
)</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.341902" y="0">
≥</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,175.83,54.16)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,179.07,57.29)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.2012482" y="0">
P</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.165419" y="0">
C</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.504919" y="0">
年代</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,206.54,54.16)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,211.86,57.3)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.009998" y="-2.7">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.389999" y="0.0099999998">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.702568" y="0">
)</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.341902" y="0">
≥</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,252.01,54.16)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,255.25,57.29)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="94.209999" y="4.9200001">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.3772497" y="0">
∀</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.378929" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.755699" y="0">
=</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.796089" y="0">
1</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.047588" y="0">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="47.261341" y="0">
…</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="61.839836" y="0">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="67.053589" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="76.605881" y="0">
−</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="87.958603" y="0">
1</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-179.07001" y="28.190001">
=</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-167.04211" y="28.190001">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,95.64,25.97)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,102.81,26.59)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.8499999" y="-2.51">
P</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.814171" y="-2.51">
C</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.153671" y="-2.51">
年代</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,130.92,25.97)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,136.24,29.11)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.702568" y="0">
)</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.341902" y="0">
≥</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.38229" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,174.05,25.97)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7393761" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,187.66,29.1)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="84.830002" y="2.51">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="94.099998" y="0">
。</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
∀</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.0016799" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.37845" y="0">
=</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.418839" y="0">
1</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.670338" y="0">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.871586" y="0">
…</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="52.462589" y="0">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="57.676338" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="67.22863" y="0">
−</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="78.568855" y="0">
1</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="270.82999" y="-16.02">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="274.9935" y="-16.02">
2</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="281.245" y="-16.02">
。</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="284.37076" y="-16.02">
1</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="290.62225" y="-16.02">
7</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="296.87375" y="-16.02">
)</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg></span>这证明了定理。</span></p>
<h4 id="applications-to-exponential-and-normal-distributions">3所示。应用指数和正态分布</h4>
<h5 id="sec3.1">3.1。指数分布</h5>
<p><span class="statement" id="head1"><span class="statement-title"><i class="statement-title"><b>(我)</b><b>完整的数据</b></我></span><br>让<svg height="16.2875" id="M180" style="vertical-align:-4.77652pt;width:21.4125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 21.4125 16.2875" width="21.4125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
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<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.367388" y="0">
1</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.618887" y="0">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.832638" y="0">
…</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="46.411137" y="0">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="51.624886" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>表示随机样本的大小<svg height="7.1374998" id="M182" style="vertical-align:-0.10033pt;width:7.8874998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 7.8874998 7.1374998" width="7.8874998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.1375)">
<g transform="translate(72,-66.29)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>从两个参数指数人口<svg height="14.5" id="M183" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:15.4375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 15.4375 14.5" width="15.4375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.5)">
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<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.92,60.55)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
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</text>
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</svg>在pdf<svg height="14.775" id="M184" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:204.825px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 204.825 14.775" width="204.825" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
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)</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.606144" y="0">
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<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.646534" y="0">
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<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="41.810032" y="0">
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</tspan>
</text>
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<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
)</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.238997" y="0">
e</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.790329" y="0">
x</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.041828" y="0">
p</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.456827" y="0">
{</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.458267" y="0">
−</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="43.022823" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="47.186321" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="56.838638" y="0">
−</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="68.19136" y="0">
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<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,65.18,60.32)">
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)</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0">
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</text>
</g>
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</svg>。让<svg height="16.75" id="M186" style="vertical-align:-4.77652pt;width:118.225px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 118.225 16.75" width="118.225" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.231054" y="0">
n</tspan>
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<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
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</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.26,58.73)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-58.57,61.86)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
=</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.04" y="0.029999999">
∑</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-35.1,68.09)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="9.9300003">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.4045279" y="9.9300003">
=</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.3996477" y="9.9300003">
1</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-20.83,61.86)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-6.79,58.73)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,3.14,61.86)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
−</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,27.05,58.73)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,30.27,61.86)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
)</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>。在这里,<svg height="14.7125" id="M188" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:49.162498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 49.162498 14.7125" width="49.162498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7125)">
<g transform="translate(72,-60.23)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-55.22,60.37)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-52,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.2012482" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-40.1,60.37)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-36.88,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
)</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>是一个充分统计量<svg height="14.7125" id="M189" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:42.799999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 42.799999 14.7125" width="42.799999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7125)">
<g transform="translate(72,-60.23)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-60.17,60.37)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-56.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.2012482" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-45.19,60.37)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-41.97,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
)</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>,<svg height="12.8875" id="M190" style="vertical-align:-1.76814pt;width:71.912498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 71.912498 12.8875" width="71.912498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.8875)">
<g transform="translate(72,-61.69)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.3517642" y="0">
=</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.392153" y="0">
1</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.643654" y="0">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.857405" y="0">
…</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.435902" y="0">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="50.649654" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>。<svg height="14.7125" id="M191" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:34.275002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 34.275002 14.7125" width="34.275002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7125)">
<g transform="translate(72,-60.23)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-67.78,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-61.09,60.37)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-57.87,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
/</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="3.4758339" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-47.85,60.37)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>有一个标准伽马分布形状参数<svg height="10.8625" id="M192" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt;width:60.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 60.9375 10.8625" width="60.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.8625)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.31)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.014903" y="0">
=</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.055292" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.044949" y="0">
−</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.38517" y="0">
1</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>,<svg height="12.8875" id="M193" style="vertical-align:-1.76814pt;width:71.912498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 71.912498 12.8875" width="71.912498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.8875)">
<g transform="translate(72,-61.69)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.3517642" y="0">
=</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.392153" y="0">
1</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.643654" y="0">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.857405" y="0">
…</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.435902" y="0">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="50.649654" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>。然后,基于统计数据<svg height="14.3625" id="M194" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:60.75px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 60.75 14.3625" width="60.75" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3625)">
<g transform="translate(72,-60.51)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.26,60.66)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
1</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-60.39,63.79)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.2012482" y="0">
…</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.79225" y="0">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.006001" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-28.69,60.66)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>通过自然选择法则<svg height="12.8875" id="M195" style="vertical-align:-1.76814pt;width:97.412498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 97.412498 12.8875" width="97.412498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.8875)">
<g transform="translate(72,-61.69)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.37677" y="0">
=</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.417158" y="0">
1</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.668659" y="0">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.88241" y="0">
…</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.460907" y="0">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="50.67466" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="60.226952" y="0">
−</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="71.567169" y="0">
1</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>,相关的电脑<sub>t</sub>是<span class="equation" id="EEq3.1">
<svg height="114.675" id="M196" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 114.675" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,114.675)">
<g transform="translate(72,19.74)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,146.99,47.69)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
P</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.9641709" y="0">
C</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.303672" y="0">
年代</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,169.24,44.56)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,174.57,47.69)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.702568" y="0">
)</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.341902" y="0">
=</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,219.21,63.63)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,213.5,41.14)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,204.96,33.96)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.4045279" y="0">
=</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.3996477" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="14.143232" y="0">
−</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="20.138351" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="22.877728" y="0">
+</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="28.872849" y="0">
1</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,238.21,47.69)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,245.63,44.56)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7393761" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,254.88,47.69)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-61.959999" y="51.080002">
=</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.715071" y="0">
)</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,206.29,12.56)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.7435842" y="0">
−</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.738704" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,204.96,-9.94)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,206.49,-17.12)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="0">
=</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.7169924" y="0">
1</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,221.11,-3.39)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,230.87,-6.51)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7393761" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,238.92,-3.38)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.702568" y="0">
)</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.954067" y="0">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="225.83" y="-26.379999">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="229.9935" y="-26.379999">
3</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="236.245" y="-26.379999">
。</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="239.37074" y="-26.379999">
1</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="245.62225" y="-26.379999">
)</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg></span>在哪里<span class="equation" id="EEq3.2">
<svg height="116.8" id="M197" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 116.8" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,116.8)">
<g transform="translate(72,21.44)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,20.61,47.61)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,28.04,44.48)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7393761" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,37.29,47.62)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.389999" y="7.71">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.702568" y="0">
)</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.341902" y="0">
=</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,79.54,63.56)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.7435842" y="0">
−</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.738704" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,76.76,41.05)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,79.73,33.87)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="0">
=</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.7169924" y="0">
1</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,95.79,47.61)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.62" y="2.51">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.469999" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.671488" y="0">
Δ</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,128.49,44.48)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7393761" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.1439042" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,139.94,47.62)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.58" y="2.52">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0">
1</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0">
)</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,173.6,63.56)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.4045279" y="0">
−</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.3996477" y="0">
1</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,170.97,41.05)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,162.45,33.87)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.2139201" y="0">
=</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="12.20904" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="16.952623" y="0">
−</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="22.947744" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="25.68712" y="0">
+</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="31.68224" y="0">
1</tspan>
</text>
<g>
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{</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.642214" y="0">
米</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.369547" y="0">
我</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.845383" y="0">
n</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,71.49,60.28)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
1</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0">
≤</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.37112" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="13.092992" y="0">
≤</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="19.088112" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,95.82,63.41)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,106.68,60.28)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,109.9,63.41)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
/</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="3.4758339" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,119.92,60.28)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,123.14,63.41)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
)</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0">
}</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>的极端商独立同分布随机变量<svg height="14.3625" id="M204" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:12.5125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 12.5125 14.3625" width="12.5125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3625)">
<g transform="translate(72,-60.51)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.26,60.66)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>。</p><p>鉴于<svg height="13.7375" id="M205" style="vertical-align:-1.76814pt;width:47.362499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 47.362499 13.7375" width="47.362499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.7375)">
<g transform="translate(72,-61.01)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,62.83)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.7766261" y="0">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.977874" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.191866" y="0">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.405617" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-39.24,67.83)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
∗</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>的价值<svg height="7.1875" id="M206" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt;width:7.3874998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 7.3874998 7.1875" width="7.3874998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.1875)">
<g transform="translate(72,-66.25)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>可以从表获得哈特利的比率<svg height="10.325" id="M207" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:13.2875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 13.2875 10.325" width="13.2875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.74)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>与<svg height="13.45" id="M208" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:51.587502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 51.587502 13.45" width="51.587502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.45)">
<g transform="translate(72,-61.24)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
2</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.2515001" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.404655" y="0">
−</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.744877" y="0">
1</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.996376" y="0">
)</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>自由度指的是皮尔森和哈特利(<一个href="#B11">8</一个>]。</p><p>为每一个<svg height="12.8875" id="M209" style="vertical-align:-1.76814pt;width:97.412498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 97.412498 12.8875" width="97.412498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.8875)">
<g transform="translate(72,-61.69)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.37677" y="0">
=</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.417158" y="0">
1</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.668659" y="0">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.88241" y="0">
…</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.460907" y="0">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="50.67466" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="60.226952" y="0">
−</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="71.567169" y="0">
1</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>和每个<svg height="13.6125" id="M210" style="vertical-align:-2.34499pt;width:121.8px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 121.8 13.6125" width="121.8" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.6125)">
<g transform="translate(72,-61.11)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.3269978" y="0">
=</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.367388" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.91968" y="0">
−</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="41.259899" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="47.96151" y="0">
+</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="59.301727" y="0">
1</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="65.55323" y="0">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="70.766983" y="0">
…</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="85.345474" y="0">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="90.559227" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>,让<span class="equation" id="EEq3.4">
<svg height="52.862499" id="M211" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 52.862499" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,52.8625)">
<g transform="translate(72,-29.71)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,22.88,50.15)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-1.15" y="2.54">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,31.04,44.48)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7393761" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,41.68,47.61)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
=</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.03" y="7.6999998">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,65.57,63.56)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.7435842" y="0">
−</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.738704" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,62.8,41.05)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,65.77,33.87)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="0">
=</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.7169924" y="0">
1</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,81.83,47.61)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.62" y="4.9200001">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.98" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.200001" y="-2.8">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.190001" y="0">
Δ</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,116.04,44.48)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7393761" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.1439042" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,127.49,47.62)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.58" y="4.9299998">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0">
1</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0">
)</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,162.9,63.56)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.4045279" y="0">
−</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.3996477" y="0">
1</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,160.27,41.05)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,151.75,33.87)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.2139201" y="0">
=</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="12.20904" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="16.952623" y="0">
−</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="22.947744" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="25.68712" y="0">
+</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="31.68224" y="0">
1</tspan>
</text>
<g>
<path d="m 187.81,58.66 9.54,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path>
</g>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,187.81,47.61)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.63" y="4.9200001">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.99" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.209999" y="-2.8">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.190001" y="0">
Δ</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,222.03,44.48)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7393761" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.1439042" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,236.97,47.62)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.58" y="4.9299998">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0">
2</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0">
)</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,270.14,63.56)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,263,41.05)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,261.23,33.87)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="27.799999" y="-24.700001">
−</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7831359" y="0">
=</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.7782564" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="12.182784" y="0">
+</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="18.177904" y="0">
1</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,287.26,46.65)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.2" y="3.96">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.57" y="-0.95999998">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.780001" y="-3.76">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.77" y="-0.95999998">
Δ</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,321.06,44.48)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7393761" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.1439042" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,332.74,47.62)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.58" y="4.9299998">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0">
3</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0">
)</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.26" y="0.0099999998">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.911596" y="0.0099999998">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.526882" y="0.0099999998">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="46.69038" y="0.0099999998">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="52.891869" y="0.0099999998">
)</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="59.143372" y="0.0099999998">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="132.00999" y="-0.11">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="136.17349" y="-0.11">
3</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="142.425" y="-0.11">
。</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="145.55075" y="-0.11">
3</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="151.80225" y="-0.11">
)</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg></span>对于每个<svg height="12.8875" id="M212" style="vertical-align:-1.76814pt;width:97.412498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 97.412498 12.8875" width="97.412498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.8875)">
<g transform="translate(72,-61.69)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.37677" y="0">
=</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.417158" y="0">
1</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.668659" y="0">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.88241" y="0">
…</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.460907" y="0">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="50.67466" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="60.226952" y="0">
−</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="71.567169" y="0">
1</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>和每个<svg height="12.8875" id="M213" style="vertical-align:-1.76814pt;width:94.462502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 94.462502 12.8875" width="94.462502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.8875)">
<g transform="translate(72,-61.69)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.3517642" y="0">
=</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.392153" y="0">
1</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.643654" y="0">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.857405" y="0">
…</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.435902" y="0">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="50.649654" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="60.201946" y="0">
−</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="71.542168" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>,让<span class="equation" id="EEq3.5">
<svg height="52.862499" id="M214" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 52.862499" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,52.8625)">
<g transform="translate(72,-29.71)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,37.35,50.32)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-2.6300001" y="2.71">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,44.49,44.48)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7393761" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
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<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
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</tspan>
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1</tspan>
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<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.73" y="-2.73">
̂</tspan>
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</tspan>
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<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.4045279" y="0">
=</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.3996477" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="14.143232" y="0">
−</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="20.138351" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="22.877728" y="0">
+</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="28.872849" y="0">
1</tspan>
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<g>
<path d="m 279.49,58.66 9.54,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path>
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<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,279.49,47.61)">
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<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.469999" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.73" y="-2.73">
̂</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.709999" y="0">
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(</tspan>
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<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.52" y="0.0099999998">
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<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.786884" y="0.0099999998">
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</tspan>
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<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="57.428375" y="0.0099999998">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="143.28999" y="-0.11">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="147.45351" y="-0.11">
3</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="153.705" y="-0.11">
。</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="156.83075" y="-0.11">
4</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="163.08224" y="-0.11">
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</g>
</g>
</svg></span>在哪里<svg height="21.5625" id="M215" style="vertical-align:-4.77652pt;width:41.337502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 41.337502 21.5625" width="41.337502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,21.5625)">
<g transform="translate(72,-54.75)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-70.94,62.36)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-1.01" y="2.8">
Δ</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.92,56.43)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7393761" y="0">
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<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.1439042" y="0">
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<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-53.56,59.56)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0">
1</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0">
)</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>,<svg height="21.5625" id="M216" style="vertical-align:-4.77652pt;width:45.700001px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 45.700001 21.5625" width="45.700001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,21.5625)">
<g transform="translate(72,-54.75)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-70.94,62.36)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-1.01" y="2.8">
Δ</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.92,56.43)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7393761" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.1439042" y="0">
</tspan>
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<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-50.07,59.56)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0">
2</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0">
)</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>,<svg height="21.5625" id="M217" style="vertical-align:-4.77652pt;width:41.637501px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 41.637501 21.5625" width="41.637501" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,21.5625)">
<g transform="translate(72,-54.75)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-70.94,62.36)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-1.01" y="2.8">
Δ</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.92,56.43)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7393761" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.1439042" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-53.32,59.56)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
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<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0">
3</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0">
)</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>被定义为(<一个href="#EEq2.6">2.7</一个>),<svg height="18.0875" id="M218" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:41.424999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 41.424999 18.0875" width="41.424999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,18.0875)">
<g transform="translate(72,-57.53)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.93,63.52)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
̂</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-6.02" y="2.72">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.66,57.67)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7393761" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.4612479" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-53.49,60.8)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0">
1</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0">
)</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>,<svg height="18.0875" id="M219" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:37.362499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 37.362499 18.0875" width="37.362499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,18.0875)">
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<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-6.02" y="2.72">
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</text>
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<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7393761" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.4612479" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-56.74,60.8)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
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<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0">
2</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0">
)</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>,<svg height="20.012501" id="M220" style="vertical-align:-4.77652pt;width:38.575001px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 38.575001 20.012501" width="38.575001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,20.0125)">
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<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.93,63.52)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
̂</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-6.02" y="2.72">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.66,57.67)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7393761" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.4612479" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-55.77,60.8)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
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</g>
</svg>定义在(<一个href="#EEq2.7">2.8</一个>),<svg height="7.1875" id="M221" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt;width:7.3874998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 7.3874998 7.1875" width="7.3874998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
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</svg>选择从皮尔森和哈特利的表。</p><p>为每一个<svg height="12.8875" id="M222" style="vertical-align:-1.76814pt;width:97.412498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 97.412498 12.8875" width="97.412498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.88241" y="0">
…</tspan>
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<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="50.67466" y="0">
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<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="71.567169" y="0">
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</svg>,让<span class="equation" id="EEq3.6">
<svg height="114.675" id="M223" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 114.675" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-1.15" y="2.53">
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<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7393761" y="0">
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<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,246.74,47.69)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-66.459999" y="48.360001">
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</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,187.42,-6.51)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
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<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,194.13,-3.39)">
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=</tspan>
</text>
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<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.7435842" y="0">
−</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.738704" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,206.17,-9.94)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,207.7,-17.12)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="0">
=</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.7169924" y="0">
1</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,224.95,-0.67)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-2.6199999" y="2.72">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,232.09,-6.51)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7393761" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,238.05,-3.39)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
。</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="226.7" y="-26.389999">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="230.86349" y="-26.389999">
3</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="237.11501" y="-26.389999">
。</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="240.24075" y="-26.389999">
5</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="246.49225" y="-26.389999">
)</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg></span>然后,通过定理<一个href="#thm2.1">2.3</一个>,我们可以得出以下。</p><p><span class="statement" id="thm3.1"><span class="statement-title">定理3.1。</span><i>
<svg height="19.525" id="M224" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:176.7px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 176.7 19.525" width="176.7" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,19.525)">
<g transform="translate(72,-56.38)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,59.65)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.52,56.52)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-59.44,59.65)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
{</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.00144" y="0">
P</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.965611" y="0">
C</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.305113" y="0">
年代</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-31.18,56.52)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-27.94,59.65)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="63.48" y="-2.54">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="62.330002" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.702568" y="0">
)</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.341902" y="0">
≥</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.457787" y="0">
米</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.185123" y="0">
一个</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="47.736454" y="0">
x</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="58.163956" y="0">
(</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,43.69,56.52)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,46.93,59.65)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.8400002" y="-2.71">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.21" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,61.9,56.52)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,65.14,59.65)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
)</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>对所有<svg height="14.3625" id="M225" style="vertical-align:-2.26974pt;width:142.27499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 142.27499 14.3625" width="142.27499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3625)">
<g transform="translate(72,-60.51)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,62.83)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.37677" y="0">
=</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.417158" y="0">
1</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.668659" y="0">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.88241" y="0">
…</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.460907" y="0">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="50.67466" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="60.226952" y="0">
−</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="71.567169" y="0">
1</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="77.818672" y="0">
}</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="87.295944" y="0">
≥</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="99.336334" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,36.7,67.83)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
∗</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>对所有<svg height="10.7375" id="M226" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt;width:8.3125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.3125 10.7375" width="8.3125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.7375)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.41)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>。</我></span></p>
<p><span class="statement" id="head2"><span class="statement-title"><i class="statement-title"><b>(2)ⅱ型审查数据</b></我></span><br>从每个人口<svg height="14.5" id="M227" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:15.4375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 15.4375 14.5" width="15.4375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.5)">
<g transform="translate(72,-60.4)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.67)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
Π</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.92,60.55)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>,<svg height="12.8875" id="M228" style="vertical-align:-1.76814pt;width:71.912498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 71.912498 12.8875" width="71.912498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.8875)">
<g transform="translate(72,-61.69)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.3517642" y="0">
=</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.392153" y="0">
1</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.643654" y="0">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.857405" y="0">
…</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.435902" y="0">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="50.649654" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>,我们的样本<svg height="7.1374998" id="M229" style="vertical-align:-0.10033pt;width:7.8874998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 7.8874998 7.1374998" width="7.8874998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.1375)">
<g transform="translate(72,-66.29)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>物品。让<svg height="15.95" id="M230" style="vertical-align:-4.5044pt;width:89.599998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 89.599998 15.95" width="89.599998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,15.95)">
<g transform="translate(72,-59.24)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.07,60.66)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.6362882" y="0">
1</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.012288" y="0">
]</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-48.65,63.79)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.2012482" y="0">
…</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.79225" y="0">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.006001" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-13.76,60.66)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.6362882" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.9860315" y="0">
]</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>表示顺序统计量表示失败的时候<svg height="7.1374998" id="M231" style="vertical-align:-0.10033pt;width:7.8874998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 7.8874998 7.1374998" width="7.8874998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.1375)">
<g transform="translate(72,-66.29)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>物品从人口<svg height="14.5" id="M232" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:15.4375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 15.4375 14.5" width="15.4375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.5)">
<g transform="translate(72,-60.4)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.67)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
Π</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.92,60.55)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>,<svg height="12.8875" id="M233" style="vertical-align:-1.76814pt;width:71.912498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 71.912498 12.8875" width="71.912498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.8875)">
<g transform="translate(72,-61.69)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.3517642" y="0">
=</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.392153" y="0">
1</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.643654" y="0">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.857405" y="0">
…</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.435902" y="0">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="50.649654" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>。让<svg height="7.0124998" id="M234" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:6.5px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 6.5 7.0124998" width="6.5" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.0125)">
<g transform="translate(72,-66.39)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>是一个固定的整数,这样<svg height="12.3" id="M235" style="vertical-align:-1.29163pt;width:60.862499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 60.862499 12.3" width="60.862499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.3)">
<g transform="translate(72,-62.16)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
1</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.7148314" y="0">
≤</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.75522" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.332277" y="0">
≤</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.372665" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>。二型审查下,放在第一位<svg height="7.0124998" id="M236" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:6.5px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 6.5 7.0124998" width="6.5" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.0125)">
<g transform="translate(72,-66.39)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>从每个人口失败<svg height="14.5" id="M237" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:15.4375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 15.4375 14.5" width="15.4375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.5)">
<g transform="translate(72,-60.4)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.67)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
Π</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.92,60.55)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>观察到的。人口的观察<svg height="14.5" id="M238" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:15.4375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 15.4375 14.5" width="15.4375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.5)">
<g transform="translate(72,-60.4)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.67)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
Π</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.92,60.55)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>停止后观察<svg height="15.95" id="M239" style="vertical-align:-4.5044pt;width:28.25px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 28.25 15.95" width="28.25" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,15.95)">
<g transform="translate(72,-59.24)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.07,60.66)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.6362882" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.2071037" y="0">
]</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>。的<svg height="13.45" id="M240" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:42.325001px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 42.325001 13.45" width="42.325001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.45)">
<g transform="translate(72,-61.24)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.153156" y="0">
−</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.493378" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.594601" y="0">
)</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>项目的失败时期是不明显的<svg height="15.95" id="M241" style="vertical-align:-4.5044pt;width:28.25px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 28.25 15.95" width="28.25" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,15.95)">
<g transform="translate(72,-59.24)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.07,60.66)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.6362882" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.2071037" y="0">
]</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>成为审查的观察。二型审查被调查爱泼斯坦和索贝尔(<一个href="#B1">9</一个>]。的充分统计量<svg height="14.5875" id="M242" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:12.3375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 12.3375 14.5875" width="12.3375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.5875)">
<g transform="translate(72,-60.33)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.4,60.47)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>位置参数已知时,<span class="equation" id="eq5">
<svg height="50.275002" id="M243" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 50.275002" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,50.275)">
<g transform="translate(72,-31.78)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,100.22,49.67)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,109.03,46.55)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,115.73,49.67)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
=</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,134.06,65.61)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,127.76,43.12)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,128.95,35.94)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.4045279" y="0">
=</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.3996477" y="0">
1</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,146,49.67)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,155.88,46.55)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.6362882" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.0408163" y="0">
]</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,171.11,49.67)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
+</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.50372" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.493378" y="0">
−</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.833599" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.934822" y="0">
)</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="47.186321" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,228.18,46.55)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.6362882" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.2071037" y="0">
]</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,240.8,49.67)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.166139" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.530407" y="0">
=</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.570793" y="0">
1</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.822296" y="0">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="46.023544" y="0">
…</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="60.614544" y="0">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="65.828293" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="72.604919" y="0">
。</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="223.95" y="0.91000003">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="228.11349" y="0.91000003">
3</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="234.36501" y="0.91000003">
。</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="237.49075" y="0.91000003">
6</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="243.74225" y="0.91000003">
)</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg></span>
<svg height="14.3625" id="M244" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:15.1625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 15.1625 14.3625" width="15.1625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3625)">
<g transform="translate(72,-60.51)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.14,60.66)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>被称为总时间测试(TTOT)统计。很容易验证<svg height="14.7125" id="M245" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:31.725px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 31.725 14.7125" width="31.725" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7125)">
<g transform="translate(72,-60.23)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.14,60.37)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-59.92,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
/</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="3.4758339" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-49.89,60.37)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>有标准伽马分布形状参数<svg height="12.8875" id="M246" style="vertical-align:-1.76814pt;width:84.800003px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 84.800003 12.8875" width="84.800003" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.8875)">
<g transform="translate(72,-61.69)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.1012239" y="0">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.302472" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.666739" y="0">
=</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.707129" y="0">
1</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.95863" y="0">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="41.159878" y="0">
…</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="55.750877" y="0">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="60.964626" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>。再次,完整的数据结果可以应用简单的通过<svg height="10.875" id="M247" style="vertical-align:-0.1254pt;width:34.549999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 34.549999 10.875" width="34.549999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.875)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.3)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.47)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.389993" y="0">
=</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.430382" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>。</span></p>
<h5 id="sec3.2">3.2。正态分布</h5>
<p>让<svg height="14.5" id="M248" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:15.4375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 15.4375 14.5" width="15.4375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.5)">
<g transform="translate(72,-60.4)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.67)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
Π</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.92,60.55)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>表示的正态总体的意思<svg height="10.8375" id="M249" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:13.6625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 13.6625 10.8375" width="13.6625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.8375)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.33)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.6)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.34,63.47)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>和方差<svg height="14.5875" id="M250" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:12.3375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 12.3375 14.5875" width="12.3375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.5875)">
<g transform="translate(72,-60.33)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.4,60.47)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>(未知的),<svg height="12.8875" id="M251" style="vertical-align:-1.76814pt;width:71.912498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 71.912498 12.8875" width="71.912498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.8875)">
<g transform="translate(72,-61.69)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.3517642" y="0">
=</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.392153" y="0">
1</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.643654" y="0">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.857405" y="0">
…</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.435902" y="0">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="50.649654" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>。的充分统计量<svg height="14.5875" id="M252" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:12.3375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 12.3375 14.5875" width="12.3375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.5875)">
<g transform="translate(72,-60.33)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.4,60.47)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>基于随机样本<svg height="14.3625" id="M253" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:75.037498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 75.037498 14.3625" width="75.037498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3625)">
<g transform="translate(72,-60.51)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.07,60.66)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="0">
1</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-54.48,63.79)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.2012482" y="0">
…</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.79225" y="0">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.006001" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-19.59,60.66)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>的大小<svg height="7.1374998" id="M254" style="vertical-align:-0.10033pt;width:7.8874998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 7.8874998 7.1374998" width="7.8874998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.1375)">
<g transform="translate(72,-66.29)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>从<svg height="14.5" id="M255" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:15.4375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 15.4375 14.5" width="15.4375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.5)">
<g transform="translate(72,-60.4)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.67)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
Π</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.92,60.55)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>是<svg height="25.450001" id="M256" style="vertical-align:-5.35329pt;width:214.53751px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 214.53751 25.450001" width="214.53751" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,25.45)">
<g transform="translate(72,-51.64)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,57.03)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.26,53.9)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.22" y="-8.1300001">
∗</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-53.49,57.03)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="67.089996" y="0.029999999">
∑</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
=</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.191385" y="0">
1</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.442884" y="0">
/</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.918718" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.082218" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.071877" y="0">
−</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="50.424599" y="0">
1</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="56.676098" y="0">
)</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="60.8396" y="0">
)</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,25.03,63.26)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="9.9399996">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.4045279" y="9.9399996">
=</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.3996477" y="9.9399996">
1</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,41.38,57.03)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,55.42,53.9)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,65.35,57.03)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
−</tspan>
</text>
<g>
<path d="m 76.7,68.08 10.62,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path>
</g>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,76.7,57.03)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,87.32,53.9)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
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</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,90.54,57.03)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
)</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,94.71,66.03)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
2</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>,在那里<svg height="22.1625" id="M257" style="vertical-align:-5.35329pt;width:125.775px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 125.775 22.1625" width="125.775" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,22.1625)">
<g transform="translate(72,-54.27)">
<g>
<path d="m -71.95,70.71 10.63,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path>
</g>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,59.66)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-61.32,56.53)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-54.63,59.66)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.389999" y="0.029999999">
∑</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
=</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.191385" y="0">
1</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.442884" y="0">
/</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.918718" y="0">
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<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.13271" y="0">
)</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-4.81,65.89)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="9.9300003">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.4045279" y="9.9300003">
=</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.3996477" y="9.9300003">
1</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,11.55,59.66)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
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</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,21.42,56.53)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
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<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="0">
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</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>,<svg height="12.8875" id="M258" style="vertical-align:-1.76814pt;width:71.912498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 71.912498 12.8875" width="71.912498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.8875)">
<g transform="translate(72,-61.69)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.3517642" y="0">
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<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="50.649654" y="0">
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</svg>是一个标准化的γ和形状参数变量吗<svg height="13.45" id="M260" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:55.924999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 55.924999 13.45" width="55.924999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.45)">
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</svg>,<svg height="12.8875" id="M261" style="vertical-align:-1.76814pt;width:71.912498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 71.912498 12.8875" width="71.912498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.643654" y="0">
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<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.857405" y="0">
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<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.435902" y="0">
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<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="50.649654" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>。再一次的,上面的结果可以用指数分布<svg height="13.4875" id="M262" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:83.974998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 83.974998 13.4875" width="83.974998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.4875)">
<g transform="translate(72,-61.21)">
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/</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="60.81459" y="0">
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</g>
</svg>。</p><p>说明同步的实现低信心范围正确选择的概率<svg height="9.125" id="M263" style="vertical-align:-0.11285pt;width:5.0124998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 5.0124998 9.125" width="5.0124998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,9.125)">
<g transform="translate(72,-64.7)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.86)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>最好的数量(<svg height="14.7" id="M264" style="vertical-align:-3.21404pt;width:31.987499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 31.987499 14.7" width="31.987499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7)">
<g transform="translate(72,-60.24)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
P</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.9641709" y="0">
C</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.303672" y="0">
年代</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-49.69,60.37)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>),我们考虑下面的例子。</p><h4 id="examples">4所示。例子</h4>
<p><span class="statement" id="ex4.1"><span class="statement-title"><i class="statement-title">例4.1。</我></span>山等。<一个href="#B7">10</一个>)认为数据不实用的肺癌患者生存的日子,那些受到测试化学治疗剂。患者分为以下四个类别取决于肿瘤的组织学类型:鳞状,小,腺病毒,大的用<svg height="10.725" id="M265" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:15.725px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 15.725 10.725" width="15.725" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.725)">
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<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.6)">
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<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
1</tspan>
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</svg><sub>,</sub>,<svg height="10.725" id="M266" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:15.725px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 15.725 10.725" width="15.725" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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<g transform="translate(72,-63.42)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.6)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.35,63.47)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
2</tspan>
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</svg>,<svg height="10.875" id="M267" style="vertical-align:-3.25793pt;width:15.725px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 15.725 10.875" width="15.725" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
3</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>,<svg height="10.725" id="M268" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:15.725px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 15.725 10.725" width="15.725" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.725)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.42)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.6)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
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<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.35,63.47)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
4</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>在本文中,分别。数据是一个收集的数据集的一部分在美国退伍军人管理肺癌研究小组。<br>我们考虑一个随机样本的11从每组生存时间,表中给出<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jps/2011/765058/tab1/" target="_blank">1</一个>。<br>使用标准的结果的可靠性(指无法无天的<一个href="#B9">11</一个>),一个可以检查表的两个参数指数模型的有效性<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jps/2011/765058/tab1/" target="_blank">1</一个>。在这个例子中,较大的人口生存时间(即。大Y<sub>我</sub>的)是可取的。<br>对于表<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jps/2011/765058/tab1/" target="_blank">1</一个>数据集:<span class="equation" id="eq6">
<svg height="16.5375" id="M269" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 16.5375" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0">
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8</tspan>
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<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.291889" y="0">
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</svg></span>因此,根据自然选择法则,人群<svg height="10.725" id="M270" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:37.825001px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 37.825001 10.725" width="37.825001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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</svg>,<svg height="10.725" id="M271" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:15.725px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 15.725 10.725" width="15.725" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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</svg>被选中的<svg height="9.125" id="M272" style="vertical-align:-0.11285pt;width:5.0124998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 5.0124998 9.125" width="5.0124998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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</g>
</g>
</svg>、人口<svg height="10.725" id="M275" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:15.725px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 15.725 10.725" width="15.725" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
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<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.35,63.47)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
1</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>最大的存活时间是最好的;为<svg height="10.825" id="M276" style="vertical-align:-0.11285pt;width:32.224998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 32.224998 10.825" width="32.224998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>,人口<svg height="10.725" id="M277" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:15.725px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 15.725 10.725" width="15.725" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.725)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.42)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.6)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.35,63.47)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
1</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>和<svg height="10.725" id="M278" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:15.725px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 15.725 10.725" width="15.725" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.725)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.42)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.6)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.35,63.47)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
4</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>两个最大的生存是最好的;和<svg height="10.9125" id="M279" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:32.224998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 32.224998 10.9125" width="32.224998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.27)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.37677" y="0">
=</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.417158" y="0">
3</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>,人口<svg height="10.725" id="M280" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:15.725px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 15.725 10.725" width="15.725" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.725)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.42)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.6)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.35,63.47)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
1</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg><sub>,</sub>,<svg height="10.725" id="M281" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:15.725px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 15.725 10.725" width="15.725" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.725)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.42)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.6)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.35,63.47)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
2</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>,<svg height="10.725" id="M282" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:15.725px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 15.725 10.725" width="15.725" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.725)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.42)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.6)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.35,63.47)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
4</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>有三个最大的生存时间是最好的。然而,我,年代可能选择数量根据自然选择法则可能不是最好的。因此,我们希望找到一个信心的声明,可以正确选择的概率<svg height="9.125" id="M283" style="vertical-align:-0.11285pt;width:5.0124998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 5.0124998 9.125" width="5.0124998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,9.125)">
<g transform="translate(72,-64.7)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.86)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>最好的数量(<svg height="14.7" id="M284" style="vertical-align:-3.21404pt;width:31.987499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 31.987499 14.7" width="31.987499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7)">
<g transform="translate(72,-60.24)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
P</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.9641709" y="0">
C</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.303672" y="0">
年代</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-49.69,60.37)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>同时为所有)<svg height="12.8875" id="M285" style="vertical-align:-1.76814pt;width:60.875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 60.875 12.8875" width="60.875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.8875)">
<g transform="translate(72,-61.69)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.37677" y="0">
=</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.417158" y="0">
1</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.668659" y="0">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.88241" y="0">
2</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.133911" y="0">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.335159" y="0">
3</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>。<br>在这里,<svg height="10.8625" id="M286" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt;width:35.799999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 35.799999 10.8625" width="35.799999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.8625)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.31)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.239957" y="0">
=</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.280346" y="0">
4</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>,<svg height="10.8125" id="M287" style="vertical-align:-0.10033pt;width:42.912498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 42.912498 10.8125" width="42.912498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.8125)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.35)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.6773224" y="0">
=</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.71771" y="0">
1</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.969212" y="0">
1</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>,通过<svg height="11.875" id="M288" style="vertical-align:-0.27588pt;width:64.837502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 64.837502 11.875" width="64.837502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.875)">
<g transform="translate(72,-62.5)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,62.83)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.65,67.83)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
∗</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-54.1,62.83)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
=</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0">
0</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0">
。</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.405136" y="0">
9</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.656635" y="0">
5</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>的表,我们得到,皮尔森和哈特利(<一个href="#B11">8</一个>),<svg height="14.3" id="M289" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:136.8625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 136.8625 14.3" width="136.8625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3)">
<g transform="translate(72,-60.56)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,62.83)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.6520758" y="0">
=</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.692465" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.88121" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.044708" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.821335" y="0">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.035088" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="48.249077" y="0">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="53.450325" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-9.19,67.83)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
∗</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-4.11,62.83)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
)</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.6268301" y="0">
=</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.667219" y="0">
3</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.918718" y="0">
。</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.04447" y="0">
2</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.295967" y="0">
9</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>。<br>然后,<svg height="19.2875" id="M290" style="vertical-align:-3.21404pt;width:15.8px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 15.8 19.2875" width="15.8" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,19.2875)">
<g transform="translate(72,-56.57)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-70.8,62.36)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-1.15" y="2.54">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.65,56.7)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>和<svg height="19.512501" id="M291" style="vertical-align:-3.21404pt;width:16.375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16.375 19.512501" width="16.375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,19.5125)">
<g transform="translate(72,-56.39)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-69.32,62.36)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-2.6300001" y="2.71">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.19,56.52)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>上述数据集计算使用(<一个href="#EEq3.6">3.5</一个>)表<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jps/2011/765058/tab2/" target="_blank">2</一个>。从表<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jps/2011/765058/tab2/" target="_blank">2</一个>,我们有,至少95%置信系数,同时,<svg height="14.7875" id="M292" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:135.83749px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 135.83749 14.7875" width="135.83749" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7875)">
<g transform="translate(72,-60.17)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-67.78,63.35)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
P</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.9641709" y="0">
C</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.303672" y="0">
年代</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-45.53,60.22)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
1</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-40.65,63.35)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.702568" y="0">
)</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.341902" y="0">
≥</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.38229" y="0">
0</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.633789" y="0">
。</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.759541" y="0">
5</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="46.01104" y="0">
5</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="52.262539" y="0">
1</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="58.514042" y="0">
7</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="64.765541" y="0">
2</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="71.017036" y="0">
5</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>,<svg height="14.6" id="M293" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:122.8125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 122.8125 14.6" width="122.8125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.6)">
<g transform="translate(72,-60.32)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
P</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.9641709" y="0">
C</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.303672" y="0">
年代</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-49.69,60.37)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
2</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-44.82,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.702568" y="0">
)</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.341902" y="0">
≥</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.38229" y="0">
0</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.633789" y="0">
。</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.759541" y="0">
3</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="46.01104" y="0">
3</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="52.262539" y="0">
3</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="58.514042" y="0">
8</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="64.765541" y="0">
0</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>,<svg height="14.875" id="M294" style="vertical-align:-3.25793pt;width:130.6375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 130.6375 14.875" width="130.6375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.875)">
<g transform="translate(72,-60.1)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.4)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
P</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.9641709" y="0">
C</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.303672" y="0">
年代</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-49.69,60.27)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
3</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-44.82,63.4)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.702568" y="0">
)</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.341902" y="0">
≥</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.38229" y="0">
0</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.633789" y="0">
。</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.759541" y="0">
1</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="46.01104" y="0">
7</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="52.262539" y="0">
4</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="58.514042" y="0">
1</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="64.765541" y="0">
6</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="71.017036" y="0">
2</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>。</span></p>
<div class="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="tab1">
<div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-tab1">
<table class="table-group" id="tab1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<table class="table">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="thead-hr" colspan="12">
<hr></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left"><i>π</我><sub>1</sub>:</td><td一个lign="center">999年</td><td一个lign="center">112年</td><td一个lign="center">242年</td><td一个lign="center">991年</td><td一个lign="center">111年</td><td一个lign="center">1</td><td一个lign="center">587年</td><td一个lign="center">389年</td><td一个lign="center">38</td><td一个lign="center">25</td><td一个lign="center">357年</td></tr><tr>
<td align="left"><i>π</我><sub>2</sub>:</td><td一个lign="center">25</td><td一个lign="center">21</td><td一个lign="center">13</td><td一个lign="center">87年</td><td一个lign="center">2</td><td一个lign="center">20.</td><td一个lign="center">7</td><td一个lign="center">24</td><td一个lign="center">99年</td><td一个lign="center">8</td><td一个lign="center">99年</td></tr><tr>
<td align="left"><i>π</我><sub>3</sub>:</td><td一个lign="center">24</td><td一个lign="center">18</td><td一个lign="center">31日</td><td一个lign="center">51</td><td一个lign="center">90年</td><td一个lign="center">52</td><td一个lign="center">73年</td><td一个lign="center">8</td><td一个lign="center">36</td><td一个lign="center">48</td><td一个lign="center">7</td></tr><tr>
<td align="left"><i>π</我><sub>4</sub>:</td><td一个lign="center">52</td><td一个lign="center">164年</td><td一个lign="center">19</td><td一个lign="center">53</td><td一个lign="center">15</td><td一个lign="center">43</td><td一个lign="center">340年</td><td一个lign="center">133年</td><td一个lign="center">111年</td><td一个lign="center">231年</td><td一个lign="center">378年</td></tr><tr class="table-tr">
<td colspan="12">
<hr class="tbody-hr"></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div class="floats-partial-footer">
<div class="floats-partial-caption">
<span class="caption-text">表1</span>
<a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jps/2011/765058/tab1/" title="" target="_blank"></a>
</div>
<div class="floats-partial-caption-text"></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="tab2">
<div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-tab2">
<table class="table-group" id="tab2">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<table class="table">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="thead-hr" colspan="4">
<hr></td>
</tr>
<tr class="thead">
<td align="left"><span style="width: 11.225px;">
<svg height="10.325" id="M295" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.225 10.325" width="11.225" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.74)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg></span></td>
<td align="center">1</td><td一个lign="center">2</td><td一个lign="center">3</td></tr><tr>
<td class="thead-hr" colspan="4">
<hr></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left"><span style="width: 15.8px;">
<svg height="19.2875" id="M296" style="vertical-align:-3.21404pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 15.8 19.2875" width="15.8" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,19.2875)">
<g transform="translate(72,-56.57)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-70.8,62.36)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-1.15" y="2.54">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.65,56.7)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg></span></td>
<td align="center">0.407125</td><td一个lign="center">0.143943</td><td一个lign="center">0.088946</td></tr><tr>
<td align="left"><span style="width: 16.375px;">
<svg height="19.512501" id="M297" style="vertical-align:-3.21404pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16.375 19.512501" width="16.375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,19.5125)">
<g transform="translate(72,-56.39)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-69.32,62.36)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-2.6300001" y="2.71">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.19,56.52)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg></span></td>
<td align="center">0.551725</td><td一个lign="center">0.33380</td><td一个lign="center">0.174162</td></tr><tr>
<td align="left">Max (<svg height="19.2875" id="M298" style="vertical-align:-3.21404pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 15.8 19.2875" width="15.8" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,19.2875)">
<g transform="translate(72,-56.57)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-70.8,62.36)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-1.15" y="2.54">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.65,56.7)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>,<svg height="19.512501" id="M299" style="vertical-align:-3.21404pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16.375 19.512501" width="16.375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,19.5125)">
<g transform="translate(72,-56.39)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-69.32,62.36)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-2.6300001" y="2.71">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.19,56.52)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>)</td><td一个lign="center">0.551725</td><td一个lign="center">0.33380</td><td一个lign="center">0.174162</td></tr><tr class="table-tr">
<td colspan="4">
<hr class="tbody-hr"></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></td>
</tr>
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<span class="caption-text">表2</span>
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<p><span class="statement" id="ex4.2"><span class="statement-title"><i class="statement-title">例4.2。</我></span>纳尔逊(<一个href="#B13">12</一个>]认为数据代表倍崩溃在几分钟内受到高电压绝缘液体的压力。《纽约时报》在其观察到的订单被分成三组。分析数据之后,它遵循一个指数分布。我们考虑以下数据基于随机样本的大小11每三组,观察表<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jps/2011/765058/tab4/" target="_blank">4</一个>。<br>上面的数据集:<span class="equation" id="eq13">
<svg height="16.5375" id="M300" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 16.5375" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.5375)">
<g transform="translate(72,-58.77)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,98.87,63.2)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,105.56,60.07)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
1</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,113.91,63.2)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
=</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0">
2</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0">
0</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.530886" y="0">
。</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.656635" y="0">
8</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.908134" y="0">
2</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.159637" y="0">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="65.290665" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,185.9,60.07)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
2</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,194.25,63.2)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
=</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0">
2</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0">
1</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.530886" y="0">
。</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.656635" y="0">
1</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.908134" y="0">
7</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.159637" y="0">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="65.290665" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,266.24,60.07)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
3</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,274.59,63.2)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
=</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0">
2</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0">
0</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.530886" y="0">
。</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.656635" y="0">
6</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.908134" y="0">
7</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.159637" y="0">
。</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="190.16" y="0.63">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="194.3235" y="0.63">
4</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="200.575" y="0.63">
。</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="203.70074" y="0.63">
2</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="209.95226" y="0.63">
)</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg></span>因此,根据自然选择法则,人群<svg height="10.725" id="M301" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:15.725px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 15.725 10.725" width="15.725" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.725)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.42)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.6)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.35,63.47)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
1</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>,<svg height="10.725" id="M302" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:15.725px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 15.725 10.725" width="15.725" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.725)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.42)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.6)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.35,63.47)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
2</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>被选中的<svg height="9.125" id="M303" style="vertical-align:-0.11285pt;width:5.0124998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 5.0124998 9.125" width="5.0124998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,9.125)">
<g transform="translate(72,-64.7)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.86)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>(<svg height="12.8875" id="M304" style="vertical-align:-1.76814pt;width:46.549999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 46.549999 12.8875" width="46.549999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.8875)">
<g transform="translate(72,-61.69)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.37677" y="0">
=</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.417158" y="0">
1</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.668659" y="0">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.88241" y="0">
2</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>)最好的人群,<svg height="10.825" id="M305" style="vertical-align:-0.11285pt;width:32.224998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 32.224998 10.825" width="32.224998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.825)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.34)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.37677" y="0">
=</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.417158" y="0">
1</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>、人口<svg height="10.725" id="M306" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:15.725px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 15.725 10.725" width="15.725" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.725)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.42)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.6)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.35,63.47)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
1</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>最大的存活时间是最好的;和<svg height="10.825" id="M307" style="vertical-align:-0.11285pt;width:32.224998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 32.224998 10.825" width="32.224998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.825)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.34)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.37677" y="0">
=</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.417158" y="0">
2</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>,人口<svg height="10.725" id="M308" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:15.725px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 15.725 10.725" width="15.725" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.725)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.42)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.6)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.35,63.47)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
1</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>和<svg height="10.725" id="M309" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:15.725px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 15.725 10.725" width="15.725" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.725)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.42)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.6)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.35,63.47)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
2</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>的两个最大生存时间是最好的。然而,有可能选择数量根据自然选择法则可能不是最好的。因此,我们希望找到一个信心的声明,可以正确选择的概率<svg height="9.125" id="M310" style="vertical-align:-0.11285pt;width:5.0124998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 5.0124998 9.125" width="5.0124998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,9.125)">
<g transform="translate(72,-64.7)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.86)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>最好的数量(<svg height="14.7" id="M311" style="vertical-align:-3.21404pt;width:31.987499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 31.987499 14.7" width="31.987499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7)">
<g transform="translate(72,-60.24)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
P</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.9641709" y="0">
C</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.303672" y="0">
年代</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-49.69,60.37)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>同时为所有)<svg height="12.8875" id="M312" style="vertical-align:-1.76814pt;width:46.549999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 46.549999 12.8875" width="46.549999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.8875)">
<g transform="translate(72,-61.69)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.37677" y="0">
=</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.417158" y="0">
1</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.668659" y="0">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.88241" y="0">
2</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>。<br>在这里,<svg height="10.9125" id="M313" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:35.799999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 35.799999 10.9125" width="35.799999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.27)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.239957" y="0">
=</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.280346" y="0">
3</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>,<svg height="10.8125" id="M314" style="vertical-align:-0.10033pt;width:42.912498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 42.912498 10.8125" width="42.912498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.8125)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.35)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.6773224" y="0">
=</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.71771" y="0">
1</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.969212" y="0">
1</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>,通过<svg height="11.875" id="M315" style="vertical-align:-0.27588pt;width:64.837502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 64.837502 11.875" width="64.837502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.875)">
<g transform="translate(72,-62.5)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,62.83)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.65,67.83)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
∗</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-54.1,62.83)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
=</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0">
0</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0">
。</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.405136" y="0">
9</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.656635" y="0">
5</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>的表,我们得到,皮尔森和哈特利(<一个href="#B11">8</一个>),<svg height="14.3" id="M316" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:136.8625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 136.8625 14.3" width="136.8625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3)">
<g transform="translate(72,-60.56)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,62.83)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.6520758" y="0">
=</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.692465" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.88121" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.044708" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.821335" y="0">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.035088" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="48.249077" y="0">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="53.450325" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-9.19,67.83)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
∗</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-4.11,62.83)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
)</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.6268301" y="0">
=</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.667219" y="0">
2</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.918718" y="0">
。</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.04447" y="0">
9</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.295967" y="0">
5</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>。<br>然后,<svg height="19.2875" id="M317" style="vertical-align:-3.21404pt;width:15.8px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 15.8 19.2875" width="15.8" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,19.2875)">
<g transform="translate(72,-56.57)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-70.8,62.36)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-1.15" y="2.54">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.65,56.7)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>和<svg height="19.512501" id="M318" style="vertical-align:-3.21404pt;width:16.375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16.375 19.512501" width="16.375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,19.5125)">
<g transform="translate(72,-56.39)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-69.32,62.36)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-2.6300001" y="2.71">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.19,56.52)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>上述数据集计算使用(<一个href="#EEq3.6">3.5</一个>)表<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jps/2011/765058/tab3/" target="_blank">3</一个>。<br>从表<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jps/2011/765058/tab3/" target="_blank">3</一个>,我们有,至少95%置信系数,同时,<svg height="14.6" id="M319" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:130.6375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 130.6375 14.6" width="130.6375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.6)">
<g transform="translate(72,-60.32)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
P</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.9641709" y="0">
C</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.303672" y="0">
年代</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-49.69,60.37)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
1</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-44.82,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.702568" y="0">
)</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.341902" y="0">
≥</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.38229" y="0">
0</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.633789" y="0">
。</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.759541" y="0">
4</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="46.01104" y="0">
2</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="52.262539" y="0">
4</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="58.514042" y="0">
4</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="64.765541" y="0">
7</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="71.017036" y="0">
1</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>和<svg height="14.6" id="M320" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:130.6375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 130.6375 14.6" width="130.6375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.6)">
<g transform="translate(72,-60.32)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
P</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.9641709" y="0">
C</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.303672" y="0">
年代</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-49.69,60.37)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
2</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-44.82,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.702568" y="0">
)</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.341902" y="0">
≥</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.38229" y="0">
0</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.633789" y="0">
。</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.759541" y="0">
2</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="46.01104" y="0">
4</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="52.262539" y="0">
8</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="58.514042" y="0">
2</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="64.765541" y="0">
7</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="71.017036" y="0">
4</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>。</span></p>
<div class="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="tab3">
<div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-tab3">
<table class="table-group" id="tab3">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<table class="table">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="thead-hr" colspan="3">
<hr></td>
</tr>
<tr class="thead">
<td align="left"><span style="width: 11.225px;">
<svg height="10.325" id="M321" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.225 10.325" width="11.225" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.74)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg></span></td>
<td align="center">1</td><td一个lign="center">2</td></tr><tr>
<td class="thead-hr" colspan="3">
<hr></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left"><span style="width: 15.8px;">
<svg height="19.2875" id="M322" style="vertical-align:-3.21404pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 15.8 19.2875" width="15.8" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,19.2875)">
<g transform="translate(72,-56.57)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-70.8,62.36)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-1.15" y="2.54">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.65,56.7)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg></span></td>
<td align="center">0.424471</td><td一个lign="center">0.164871</td></tr><tr>
<td align="left"><span style="width: 16.375px;">
<svg height="19.512501" id="M323" style="vertical-align:-3.21404pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16.375 19.512501" width="16.375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,19.5125)">
<g transform="translate(72,-56.39)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-69.32,62.36)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-2.6300001" y="2.71">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.19,56.52)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg></span></td>
<td align="center">0.163855</td><td一个lign="center">0.248274</td></tr><tr>
<td align="left">max (<svg height="19.2875" id="M324" style="vertical-align:-3.21404pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 15.8 19.2875" width="15.8" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,19.2875)">
<g transform="translate(72,-56.57)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-70.8,62.36)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-1.15" y="2.54">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.65,56.7)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>,<svg height="19.512501" id="M325" style="vertical-align:-3.21404pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16.375 19.512501" width="16.375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,19.5125)">
<g transform="translate(72,-56.39)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-69.32,62.36)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-2.6300001" y="2.71">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.19,56.52)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>)</td><td一个lign="center">0.424471</td><td一个lign="center">0.248274</td></tr><tr class="table-tr">
<td colspan="3">
<hr class="tbody-hr"></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div class="floats-partial-footer">
<div class="floats-partial-caption">
<span class="caption-text">表3</span>
<a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jps/2011/765058/tab3/" title="" target="_blank"></a>
</div>
<div class="floats-partial-caption-text"></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="tab4">
<div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-tab4">
<table class="table-group" id="tab4">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<table class="table">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="thead-hr" colspan="12">
<hr></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left"><i>π</我><sub>1</sub>:</td><td一个lign="center">1.54</td><td一个lign="center">0.66</td><td一个lign="center">1.70</td><td一个lign="center">1.82</td><td一个lign="center">2.75</td><td一个lign="center">0.66</td><td一个lign="center">0.55</td><td一个lign="center">0.18</td><td一个lign="center">10.6</td><td一个lign="center">10.63</td><td一个lign="center">0.71</td></tr><tr>
<td align="left"><i>π</我><sub>2</sub>:</td><td一个lign="center">1.99</td><td一个lign="center">2.15</td><td一个lign="center">1.08</td><td一个lign="center">0.93</td><td一个lign="center">0.82</td><td一个lign="center">0.49</td><td一个lign="center">2.80</td><td一个lign="center">3.82</td><td一个lign="center">0.02</td><td一个lign="center">3.72</td><td一个lign="center">3.57</td></tr><tr>
<td align="left"><i>π</我><sub>3</sub>:</td><td一个lign="center">3.17</td><td一个lign="center">0.80</td><td一个lign="center">1.13</td><td一个lign="center">1.08</td><td一个lign="center">2.12</td><td一个lign="center">1.56</td><td一个lign="center">1.34</td><td一个lign="center">2.10</td><td一个lign="center">7.21</td><td一个lign="center">3.83</td><td一个lign="center">5.13</td></tr><tr class="table-tr">
<td colspan="12">
<hr class="tbody-hr"></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div class="floats-partial-footer">
<div class="floats-partial-caption">
<span class="caption-text">表4</span>
<a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jps/2011/765058/tab4/" title="" target="_blank"></a>
</div>
<div class="floats-partial-caption-text"></div>
</div>
</div>
<p><span class="statement" id="ex4.3"><span class="statement-title"><i class="statement-title">例4.3。</我></span>Proschan [<一个href="#B12">13</一个>)考虑故障之间的间隔的数据(以小时为单位)的空调系统13的波音720喷气式飞机。分析数据后,他发现空调系统的故障分布的飞机很近似指数。我们考虑以下数据基于四个随机样本的大小7,和观测样本中提到的表<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jps/2011/765058/tab5/" target="_blank">5</一个>。<br>上面的数据集:<span class="equation" id="eq14">
<svg height="16.5375" id="M326" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 16.5375" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.5375)">
<g transform="translate(72,-58.77)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,73.29,63.2)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,79.97,60.07)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
1</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,88.32,63.2)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
=</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0">
1</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0">
0</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.530886" y="0">
4</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.782387" y="0">
6</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.033886" y="0">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="66.340919" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,161.36,60.07)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
2</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,169.7,63.2)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
=</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.040389" y="0">
9</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.291889" y="0">
6</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.543388" y="0">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="53.837917" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,230.24,60.07)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
3</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,238.58,63.2)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
=</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.040389" y="0">
2</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.291889" y="0">
2</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.543388" y="0">
6</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.794889" y="0">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="55.925919" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,301.2,60.07)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
4</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,309.55,63.2)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
=</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0">
1</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0">
3</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.530886" y="0">
9</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.782387" y="0">
。</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="155.2" y="0.63">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="159.36349" y="0.63">
4</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="165.61501" y="0.63">
。</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="168.74075" y="0.63">
3</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="174.99225" y="0.63">
)</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg></span>因此,根据自然选择法则,人群<svg height="10.875" id="M327" style="vertical-align:-3.25793pt;width:37.825001px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 37.825001 10.875" width="37.825001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.875)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.3)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.6)">
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</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.35,63.47)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
1</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-59.47,66.6)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
,</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.2012482" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-46.66,63.47)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
3</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>,<svg height="10.725" id="M328" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:15.725px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 15.725 10.725" width="15.725" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.725)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.42)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.6)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.35,63.47)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
4</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>被选中的<svg height="9.125" id="M329" style="vertical-align:-0.11285pt;width:5.0124998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 5.0124998 9.125" width="5.0124998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,9.125)">
<g transform="translate(72,-64.7)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.86)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</tspan>
</text>
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</svg>,<svg height="14.9375" id="M337" style="vertical-align:-3.25793pt;width:130.6375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 130.6375 14.9375" width="130.6375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
3</tspan>
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<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-44.82,63.35)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
(</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0">
</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.702568" y="0">
)</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.341902" y="0">
≥</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.38229" y="0">
0</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.633789" y="0">
。</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.759541" y="0">
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<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="46.01104" y="0">
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<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="52.262539" y="0">
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<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="58.514042" y="0">
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<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="64.765541" y="0">
9</tspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="71.017036" y="0">
8</tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>。</span></p>
<div class="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="tab5">
<div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-tab5">
<table class="table-group" id="tab5">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<table class="table">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="thead-hr" colspan="8">
<hr></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left"><i>π</我><sub>1</sub>:</td><td一个lign="center">413年</td><td一个lign="center">One hundred.</td><td一个lign="center">169年</td><td一个lign="center">447年</td><td一个lign="center">201年</td><td一个lign="center">118年</td><td一个lign="center">67年</td></tr><tr>
<td align="left"><i>π</我><sub>2</sub>:</td><td一个lign="center">10</td><td一个lign="center">14</td><td一个lign="center">20.</td><td一个lign="center">44</td><td一个lign="center">29日</td><td一个lign="center">26</td><td一个lign="center">23</td></tr><tr>
<td align="left"><i>π</我><sub>3</sub>:</td><td一个lign="center">11</td><td一个lign="center">4</td><td一个lign="center">80年</td><td一个lign="center">54</td><td一个lign="center">63年</td><td一个lign="center">18</td><td一个lign="center">24</td></tr><tr>
<td align="left"><i>π</我><sub>4</sub>:</td><td一个lign="center">22</td><td一个lign="center">3</td><td一个lign="center">46</td><td一个lign="center">22</td><td一个lign="center">30.</td><td一个lign="center">23</td><td一个lign="center">14</td></tr><tr class="table-tr">
<td colspan="8">
<hr class="tbody-hr"></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div class="floats-partial-footer">
<div class="floats-partial-caption">
<span class="caption-text">表5</span>
<a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jps/2011/765058/tab5/" title="" target="_blank"></a>
</div>
<div class="floats-partial-caption-text"></div>
</div>
</div>
<h4 id="acknowledgments">确认</h4>
<p>作者感谢主编,副主编,一个匿名裁判对他们有用的评论导致本文的改进。</p></d我v>
<div class="xml-content">
<h4 class="references" id="references">引用</h4>
<ol>
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<li id="B5">古普塔和s . Panchapakesan”子集选择过程:审查和评估,”<我>美国数学和管理科学杂志》上</我>,5卷,不。3 - 4、235 - 311年,1985页。<span class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Subset%20selection%20procedures:%20review%20and%20assessment&author=S. S. Gupta &author=S. Panchapakesan&publication_year=1985" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li>
<li id="B6">古普塔和s . Panchpakesan”实验设计与选择和排名的目标,”<我>统计手册</我>卷。13日,爱思唯尔科学,阿姆斯特丹,荷兰,1995年。<span class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Design%20of%20experiments%20with%20selection%20and%20ranking%20goals&author=S. S. Gupta &author=S. Panchpakesan&publication_year=1995" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li>
<li id="B8">h·j·Khamnei和n . Kumar“改进的信心为正确选择的概率范围:尺度参数的情况下,“<我>密特隆</我>卷,57号3 - 4、147 - 167年,1999页。<span class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Improved%20confidence%20bounds%20for%20the%20probability%20of%20correct%20selection:%20the%20scale%20parameter%20case&author=H. J. Khamnei &author=N. Kumar&publication_year=1999" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li>
<li id="B11">e·s·皮尔森和h·o·哈特利,<我>生物统计学表进行统计。卷,我</我>英国伦敦剑桥大学出版社,1954年。<span class="reflinks"></span></li>
<li id="B1">b·爱普斯坦·m·索贝尔,“生活”测试,<我>美国统计协会杂志》上</我>48卷,第502 - 486页,1953年。<span class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Life%20testing&author=B. Epstein &author=M. Sobel&publication_year=1953" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li>
<li id="B7">n·j·希尔,a . r . Padmanabhan和马丹l·普里“自适应非参数程序和应用程序,”<我>英国皇家统计学会杂志》上。C系列</我>,37卷,不。2、205 - 218年,1988页。<span class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://doi.org/10.2307/2347340">出版商的网站</一个><span class="sep">|</span><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Adaptive%20nonparametric%20procedures%20and%20applications&author=N. J. Hill&author=A. R. Padmanabhan&author=&author=Madan L. Puri&publication_year=1988" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li>
<li id="B9">j . f .无法无天<我>寿命数据的统计模型和方法</我>约翰·威利& Sons,纽约,纽约,美国,1982年。<span class="reflinks"></span></li>
<li id="B13">w·纳尔逊<我>生活应用数据分析</我>约翰·威利& Sons,纽约,纽约,美国,1982年。<span class="reflinks"></span></li>
<li id="B12">f . Proschan“降低故障率的观察值的理论解释,”<我>技术计量学</我>5卷,第383 - 375页,1963年。<span class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Theoretical%20explanation%20of%20observed%20decreasing%20failure%20rate&author=F. Proschan&publication_year=1963" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li>
</ol>
</div>
<div class="xml-content">
<h4 class="copyright" id="copyright">版权</h4>
<p>版权©2011 Radhey s·辛格和Narinder Kumar。这是一个开放的分布式下文章<一个rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/">知识共享归属许可</一个>,它允许无限制的使用、分配和复制在任何媒介,提供最初的工作是正确引用。</p></d我v>
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