) among the 19 E. bieneusi, one was coinfected with E. intestinalis. In 19 E. bieneusi persons using PCR-RFLP method, 5 type I strains of E. bieneusi (26.3%) and 5 type IV strains of E. bieneusi (26.3%) were identified. The sensitivity of IFI-AcM was poor as estimated 42.1%.
Conclusion. Despite different PCR methods, there is possible association between HIVinfection, geographic location (France, Cameroun, Democratic Republic of Congo), and the concurrence of type I and type IV strains.
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利用实时聚合酶链反应和限制性片段长度多态性在刚果民主共和国金沙萨省hiv感染者中的bieneusi肠胞虫鉴定</T.itle>
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.expand_btn{-webkit-flex:1;-ms-flex:1;flex:1;background:url('data:image/svg+xml;base64,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') no-repeat 6px;background-position:center;margin-top:10px;min-width:55px;display:none;} @media (min-width:768px){.iASKvs .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .expand_btn{display:none;}} .iASKvs .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-text{-webkit-flex:9;-ms-flex:9;flex:9;text-align:left;padding:21px 37px 10px 0px;font-size:16px;font-weight:700;} @media (min-width:768px){.iASKvs .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-text{padding:19px 18px 10px 18px;}} @media (min-width:992px){.iASKvs .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-text{padding:19px 21px 10px 21px;}} .iASKvs .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-partial-url{-webkit-flex:1;-ms-flex:1;flex:1;background:url('data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHhtbG5zOnhsaW5rPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8xOTk5L3hsaW5rIiB3aWR0aD0iMjAiIGhlaWdodD0iMjAiIHZpZXdCb3g9IjAgMCAyMCAyMCI+PGRlZnM+PGNsaXBQYXRoIGlkPSJhIj48cGF0aCBkPSJNMywyMGEzLDMsMCwwLDEtMy0zVjZBMywzLDAsMCwxLDMsM0g5QTEsMSwwLDAsMSw5LDVIM0ExLDEsMCwwLDAsMiw2VjE3YTEsMSwwLDAsMCwxLDFIMTRhMSwxLDAsMCwwLDEtMVYxMWExLDEsMCwxLDEsMiwwdjZhMywzLDAsMCwxLTMsM1ptNC4yOTMtNy4yOTNhMSwxLDAsMCwxLDAtMS40MTRMMTYuNTg1LDJIMTNhMSwxLDAsMCwxLDAtMmg2YTEsMSwwLDAsMSwuNC4wODJoMGwuMDE4LjAwOC4wMDgsMEwxOS40MzguMWwuMDE0LjAwNy4wMDYsMCwuMDE5LjAxaDBBMSwxLDAsMCwxLDIwLDEuMDI4VjdhMSwxLDAsMSwxLTIsMFYzLjQxNUw4LjcwOCwxMi43MDdhMSwxLDAsMCwxLTEuNDE1LDBaIiB0cmFuc2Zvcm09InRyYW5zbGF0ZSgyIDIpIi8+PC9jbGlwUGF0aD48L2RlZnM+PGcgdHJhbnNmb3JtPSJ0cmFuc2xhdGUoLTIgLTIpIj48cGF0aCBkPSJNMywyMGEzLDMsMCwwLDEtMy0zVjZBMywzLDAsMCwxLDMsM0g5QTEsMSwwLDAsMSw5LDVIM0ExLDEsMCwwLDAsMiw2VjE3YTEsMSwwLDAsMCwxLDFIMTRhMSwxLDAsMCwwLDEtMVYxMWExLDEsMCwxLDEsMiwwdjZhMywzLDAsMCwxLTMsM1ptNC4yOTMtNy4yOTNhMSwxLDAsMCwxLDAtMS40MTRMMTYuNTg1LDJIMTNhMSwxLDAsMCwxLDAtMmg2YTEsMSwwLDAsMSwuNC4wODJoMGwuMDE4LjAwOC4wMDgsMEwxOS40MzguMWwuMDE0LjAwNy4wMDYsMCwuMDE5LjAxaDBBMSwxLDAsMCwxLDIwLDEuMDI4VjdhMSwxLDAsMSwxLTIsMFYzLjQxNUw4LjcwOCwxMi43MDdhMSwxLDAsMCwxLTEuNDE1LDBaIiB0cmFuc2Zvcm09InRyYW5zbGF0ZSgyIDIpIi8+PGcgY2xpcC1wYXRoPSJ1cmwoI2EpIj48cmVjdCB3aWR0aD0iMjQiIGhlaWdodD0iMjQiIGZpbGw9InJnYmEoMCwwLDAsMCkiLz48cmVjdCB3aWR0aD0iMjQiIGhlaWdodD0iMjQiIGZpbGw9IiM2YmE0MzkiLz48L2c+PC9nPjwvc3ZnPg==') no-repeat 6px;background-position:center;padding:16px 0 16px 0;min-width:62px;max-width:62px;} @media (min-width:768px){.iASKvs .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-partial-url{padding:16px 0 17px 0;min-width:52px;max-width:52px;}} @media (min-width:992px){.iASKvs .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-partial-url{padding:15px 0 17px 0;min-width:60px;max-width:60px;}} .iASKvs .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-partial-url:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;} .iASKvs .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption-text{font-size:14px;padding:0px 18px 17px 22px;} @media (min-width:768px){.iASKvs .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption-text{padding:0px 15px 15px 18px;}} @media (min-width:992px){.iASKvs .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption-text{padding:0px 18px 19px 21px;}} .iASKvs .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption-text figcaption{margin:0;padding:0;} .iASKvs .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption-text svg{max-width:100%;} .iASKvs ol{font-size:16px;padding-left:32px;font-family:STIXGeneral-Regular;line-height:24px;margin:15px 0;} .iASKvs ol li{margin:10px 0;padding-left:10px;word-break:normal;} .iASKvs ol li a{word-break:break-all;} .iASKvs ol li .reflinks{display:block;} .iASKvs ol li .reflinks a{color:#4D8A17;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:pointer;} .iASKvs ol li .reflinks a:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;} .iASKvs ol li .reflinks .sep{color:#000000;} .iASKvs .table-wrapper{width:auto;overflow-x:auto;} .iASKvs .table-wrapper::-webkit-scrollbar{-webkit-appearance:none;width:5px;height:5px;} .iASKvs .table-wrapper::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb{border-radius:5px;background-color:rgba(0,0,0,.5);-webkit-box-shadow:0 0 1px rgba(255,255,255,.5);} @media (min-width:768px){.iASKvs .table-wrapper{overflow-x:auto;width:auto;-webkit-break-word:word-break;break-word:word-break;margin:0 auto;}} @media (min-width:992px){.iASKvs .table-wrapper{width:auto;}} @media (min-width:1324px){.iASKvs .table-wrapper{width:auto;}} @media (min-width:320px){.iASKvs{margin-bottom:33px;padding:0;}} @media (min-width:992px){.iASKvs{padding:0;margin-bottom:100px;}} @media (min-width:1325px){.iASKvs{margin-bottom:100px;}} .iASKvs .owl-stage{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;} .iASKvs .floats-partial-middle--thumbs{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;} .iASKvs .floats-partial-middle--thumbs .partial-carousel-dot svg{fill:#4D8A17;width:100%;} .iASKvs .floats-partial-middle--thumbs .partial-carousel-dot strong{color:#4D8A17;font-weight:500;} .iASKvs .floats-partial-middle--thumbs .partial-carousel-dot.active strong{color:#007B8B;} .iASKvs .floats-partial-middle--thumbs .partial-carousel-dot.active svg{fill:#007B8B;} .iASKvs .partial-carousel-dot{text-align:center;cursor:pointer;border:0;width:100px;padding-bottom:20px;background-color:#fff;display:table-cell;} .iASKvs .partial-carousel-dot:focus-visible{outline-offset:-3px;} .iASKvs .partial-carousel-dot strong{font-size:11px;padding-top:12px;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.iASKvs .partial-carousel-dot strong{font-size:16px;}} .iASKvs .partial-carousel-dot img{width:90px;height:90px;border:1px solid #979797;margin:10px 0;} .iASKvs .partial-carousel-wrapper .floats-partial-middle{border-top:1px solid #e3e3e3;display:block;margin-bottom:50px;padding-top:1px;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.iASKvs .partial-carousel-wrapper .floats-partial-middle{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;margin-bottom:0;}} .iASKvs .partial-carousel--single-image{overflow:hidden;text-align:center;} .iASKvs .partial-carousel--single-image 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<!-- -->“<span class="adjust-article-svg-size"><i>肠内毒素生物血清</i>鉴定刚果民主共和国金沙卡艾滋病毒感染人类的实时聚合酶链反应和限制性片段长度多态性</span>“，<!-- --><i>寄生虫学研究杂志</i>那<!-- -->
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<h1 class="sc-iRbamj jZOxOO sc-iSDuPN drIPpp article_title adjust-article-svg-size heading-title"><i>肠内毒素生物血清</i>鉴定刚果民主共和国金沙卡艾滋病毒感染人类的实时聚合酶链反应和限制性片段长度多态性</h1>
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<span class="">罗杰Wumba<!-- -->那<sup>1</sup></span>
<span class="">梅洛蒂·吉恩<!-- -->那<sup>2</sup></span>
<span class=""><b>Longo-Mbenza Benjamin</b><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link" href="mailto:" aria-label="Mail Option"><span class="sc-htoDjs kNoiZu sc-hjRWVT irNWJI icon-colored _2zt-1j0LmaF8UjTQAM413G icon-themeable" title="" font-size="16"></span></a>那<sup>3.</sup></span>
<span class="">Mandina Madone<!-- -->那<sup>4.</sup></span>
<span class="">金吉法比亚<!-- -->那<sup>4.</sup></span>
<span class="">Zanga约书亚<!-- -->那<sup>1</sup></span>
<span class="">萨拉琼<!-- -->那<sup>1</sup></span>
<span class="">肯德乔埃里克<!-- -->那<sup>5.</sup></span>
<span class="">Guillo-Olczyk AC<!-- -->那<sup>6.</sup>
<!-- -->和</span>
<span class="">Thellier马克<sup>5.<!-- -->那<!-- -->6.</sup></span>
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<p><sup>1</sup><span>DeépartementdeMédecineTropicale，喀拉多斯Inferieuses et Parasitaires，Cliniques Universites de Kinshasa，De Kinshasa大学，747个Kinshasa Xi，刚果民主共和国</span></p>
<p><sup>2</sup><span>服务De Parasitologie-Mycologie，Hôpitauxde-HôpitauxDeParisetFacultédeMédecineLaliboisière-Saint-Louis，Paris VII大学，法国75010巴黎</span></p>
<p><sup>3.</sup><span>沃尔特塞苏鲁大学卫生科学学院，私人袋溪，Mthatha，东开普省5117，南非</span></p>
<p><sup>4.</sup><span>金沙萨大学内科，刚果民主共和国金沙萨大学金沙萨溪783号</span></p>
<p><sup>5.</sup><span>国家疟疾研究中心，AP-HP, CHU Pitié Salpetrière, 75013，法国巴黎</span></p>
<p><sup>6.</sup><span>AP-HP，Groupe HoutsencyierPitié-Salpêtrière，服务De Parasitologie-Mycologie，Pierre et Marie Curie，75013巴黎，法国</span></p>
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<h4 class="header" id="abstract">摘要</h4>
<p><i>客观的</i>．以确定患病率和基因型<i>肠内毒素生物血清</i>HIV患者的粪便样本中<i>方法</i>．这种横断面研究是在2009年至2012年至2012年的金沙萨医院进行的。检测苗期孢子虫包括<i>大肠bieneusi</i>和<i>E. intestinalis.</i>在242名艾滋病毒感染患者中进行。键入是基于核糖体DNA的DNA多态性其区域<i>大肠bieneusi</i>．用两种限制性内切酶(Nla III和Fnu 4HI)在pcr扩增的ITS产物中生成PCRRFLP，用于将菌株划分为不同的谱系。间接免疫荧光单克隆抗体(IFI-AcM)的诊断性能与实时荧光定量PCR作为金标准进行了比较。<i>结果</i>．在242名艾滋病毒感染者中，使用实时聚合酶链反应<i>大肠bieneusi</i>是7.9％（<svg height="11.0375" id="M1" style="vertical-align:-0.27588pt;width:42.912498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 42.912498 11.0375" width="42.912498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0375)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.17)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</T.span>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.6773224" y="0">
=</T.span>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.71771" y="0">
1</T.span>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.969212" y="0">
9.</T.span>
</text>
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</svg>)在19个<i>大肠bieneusi</i>，一个被互化<i>E. intestinalis.</i>．19.<i>大肠bieneusi</i>采用PCR-RFLP方法检测5株I型菌株<i>大肠bieneusi</i>(26.3%)和5株IV型<i>大肠bieneusi</i>（26.3％）被鉴定出来。IFI-ACM的敏感性较差，估计估计为42.1％。<i>结论</i>．尽管PCR方法不同，但艾滋病毒卷积，地理位置（法国，Cameroun，刚果民主共和国）之间存在关联，以及I型和IV型菌株的同意。</p>
<span class="end-abs"></span>
<h4 id="introduction">1.介绍</h4>
<p>已确定<i>肠内毒素生物血清</i>（<i>大肠bieneusi</i>）是人类中最常见的苗癣。microsclidia，缺乏细胞内寄生虫，缺乏真核核糖体特征和过氧化物血清[<a href="#B1">1</a>］．他们的孢子在各种无脊椎动物和脊椎动物生物中渗透和感染真核细胞。文献报告了患有患者患者的流行病学，导致，诊断和消化系统疗程[<a href="#B2">2</a>-<a href="#B7">7.</a>］．</p>
<p>在刚果民主共和国首都金沙萨地区，我们发现了这种情况<i>大肠bieneusi</i>HIV患者的感染仅使用光学显微镜和真菌荧光[<a href="#B8">8.</a>]以及常规的聚合酶链式反应（PCR）方法[<a href="#B9">9.</a>］．我们可以确定诊断的敏感性<i>大肠bieneusi</i>与传统方法相比，通过实时PCR测定进行感染[<a href="#B10">10.</a>那<a href="#B11">11.</a>］．</p>
<p><i>大肠bieneusi</i>通过PCR限制性片段长度多态性（RFLP）分析还鉴定基因型[<a href="#B12">12.</a>那<a href="#B13">13.</a>］．</p>
<p>因此，本研究的目的是确定该病的患病率和基因型<i>大肠bieneusi</i>通过开发快速有效的实时PCR和PCR-RFLP方法，在HIV患者中粪便标本。</p>
<h4 id="materials-and-methods">2.材料和方法</h4>
<h5 id="sec2.1">２.１.研究设计</h5>
<p>本研究在2009年12月至2012年1月期间被设计为描述性横断面方法。</p>
<h5 id="sec2.2">２.２.道德的考虑</h5>
<p>机构审查委员会和金沙卡大学医学院伦理委员会批准了该研究的议定书，该研究符合赫尔辛基宣言的原则。解释了该研究的程序，并在必要时由每个参与者或指定的识字替代品签署了明智的同意书。</p>
<h5 id="sec2.3">２.３.研究背景</h5>
<p>刚果民主共和国金沙萨社区,倩碧的大学医疗de金沙萨(CUK)作为教学医院在金沙萨的西南部城市,一般推荐医院的金沙萨(HGRK)在金沙萨的中心城市,一般推荐医院Kintambo (HGRKint)金沙萨东北部城市,和金沙萨市西部科科罗营地军事转诊医院是随机抽取的。</p>
<h5 id="sec2.4">２.４.患者及临床标本</h5>
<p>我们包括242名连续感染艾滋病毒的患者。收集所有参与者的HIV疾病的临床特征。</p>
<h5 id="sec2.5">2．5．的诊断<i>大肠bieneusi</i>感染</h5>
<p>我们在pH 7.2的缓冲液中收集了242份新鲜粪便样本<svg height="11.325" id="M2" style="vertical-align:-0.51414pt;width:21.25px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 21.25 11.325" width="21.25" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.325)">
<g transform="translate(72,-62.94)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
+</T.span>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.640053" y="0">
4.</T.span>
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</svg>分析前°C。所有242名患者的粪便标本在PBS溶液中稀释以进行微观检查。</p>
<p>显微镜检查和特异性染色均在金沙萨大学寄生虫学实验室(CUK)和Pitié Salpêtrière医院(PSL)寄生虫学真菌学实验室(Paris, France)进行。使用光学显微镜(直接检查和Weber修改的三色特异性染色)对粪便样本(每个患者一个)进行研究，以检测微孢子虫[<a href="#B14">14.</a>］．</p>
<p>间接免疫荧光 - 单克隆抗体（IFI-ACM）技术用于鉴定<i>大肠bieneusi</i>和<i>E. intestinalis.</i>[<a href="#B15">15.</a>那<a href="#B16">16.</a>］．</p>
<h5 id="sec2.6">2.6。基因组DNA提取</h5>
<p>DNA提取使用QIAamp DNA Mini Kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany)，按照供应商的协议进行。</p>
<h5 id="sec2.7">2.7。实时聚合酶链反应</h5>
<p>我们在法国巴黎圣路易斯医院寄生虫学体系中的所有样本进行了实时PCR，使用了所有三种物种识别的7500个实时PCR系统（Applied Biosystems，Ca，USA）（<i>大肠bieneusi</i>和<i>E. intestinalis.</i>）.</p>
<p>为了<i>大肠bieneusi</i>，采用FEB1 (5 ' -CGCTGTAGTTCCTGCAGTAAACTATGCC-3 ')和REB1 (5 ' -CTTGCGAGCGTACTATCCCCAGAG-3 ')引物和荧光TaqMan探针(5 ' -ACGTGGGCGGGAGAAATCTTAGTGTTCGGG-3 ')扩增小亚基核糖体RNA基因的102bp片段，如前所述[<a href="#B10">10.</a>］．为了<i>E. intestinalis.</i>，采用FEI1 (5 .<sup>'</sup>-gcaagggaggaatggaacagaacag-3'）和Rei1（5'-cacgtcagaagcccatcactacacagc-3'） - 引物，具有以下荧光taqman探针：5'-fam-cgggcgcgcacgcgcactacgata-tamra-3'，如前所述[<a href="#B10">10.</a>那<a href="#B11">11.</a>］．</p>
<h5 id="sec2.8">2.8。PCR-RFLP for<i>大肠bieneusi</i>基因型鉴定</h5>
<p>PCR-RFLP测定在9700PCR系统（Applied Biosystems）上如前所述进行[<a href="#B12">12.</a>那<a href="#B13">13.</a>］．在2%琼脂糖凝胶上进行RFLP分析，比较Fnu4HI和NlaIII酶切得到的PCR未酶切片段和酶切片段的数量和长度。</p>
<h5 id="sec2.9">2.9。统计分析</h5>
<p>对分类变量用比例(%)表示，对连续变量用标准差表示。通过比例卡方检验和学生的比例来比较差异<i>T.</i>- 对于连续变量，结果被认为是统计学意义的<svg height="10.325" id="M3" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:11.75px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.75 10.325" width="11.75" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.74)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</T.span>
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</svg>价值<svg height="11.25" id="M4" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt;width:42.525002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 42.525002 11.25" width="42.525002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.25)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
<</T.span>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0">
0.</T.span>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0">
．</T.span>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.405136" y="0">
0.</T.span>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.656635" y="0">
5.</T.span>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>．所有分析都是通过使用STATA（版本11）软件包进行的。</p>
<h4 id="results">结果</h4>
<h5 id="sec3.1">３.１.患者临床概况</h5>
<p>242例艾滋病毒/艾滋病患者，35.9％（<svg height="10.9125" id="M5" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:42.912498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 42.912498 10.9125" width="42.912498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.27)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</T.span>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.6773224" y="0">
=</T.span>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.71771" y="0">
8.</T.span>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.969212" y="0">
7.</T.span>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>）是男性和64.1％（<svg height="11.1" id="M6" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:50.724998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 50.724998 11.1" width="50.724998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.1)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.12)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</T.span>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.6773224" y="0">
=</T.span>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.71771" y="0">
1</T.span>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.969212" y="0">
5.</T.span>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.220711" y="0">
5.</T.span>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>)为女性:性别比例为2女1男。参与者的平均年龄为39.2岁<svg height="9.3249998" id="M7" style="vertical-align:-1.09097pt;width:10.825px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 10.825 9.3249998" width="10.825" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,9.325)">
<g transform="translate(72,-64.54)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,65.67)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
±</T.span>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg> 11.8 years (range: 15–73).</p>
<p>表格<a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jpr/2012/278028/tab1/" target="_blank">1</a>报告研究人群的临床体征。虚弱和腹泻是参与者中最常见的症状。</p>
<div class="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="tab1">
<div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-tab1">
<table class="table-group" id="tab1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<table class="table">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="thead-hr" colspan="3">
<hr></td>
</tr>
<tr class="thead">
<td align="left">临床症状</T.d>
<td align="center"><i>N</i>/ 242</T.d>
<td align="center">％</T.d>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="thead-hr" colspan="3">
<hr></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">哮喘</T.d>
<td align="center">88</T.d>
<td align="center">36岁,3</T.d>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">腹泻</T.d>
<td align="center">83</T.d>
<td align="center">34岁,3</T.d>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">肺的迹象</T.d>
<td align="center">52</T.d>
<td align="center">21,4.</T.d>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">皮肤迹象</T.d>
<td align="center">42</T.d>
<td align="center">17日,3</T.d>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">厌食症</T.d>
<td align="center">28</T.d>
<td align="center">11日,5</T.d>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">发热</T.d>
<td align="center">25</T.d>
<td align="center">10,3</T.d>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">em</T.d>
<td align="center">14.</T.d>
<td align="center">5,7.</T.d>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">贫血</T.d>
<td align="center">5.</T.d>
<td align="center">2</T.d>
</tr>
<tr class="table-tr">
<td colspan="3">
<hr class="tbody-hr"></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div class="floats-partial-footer">
<div class="floats-partial-caption">
<span class="caption-text">表1</span>
<a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jpr/2012/278028/tab1/" title="" target="_blank"></a>
</div>
<div class="floats-partial-caption-text">
我们的HIV患者的临床迹象。</div>
</div>
</div>
<h5 id="sec3.2">3.2。分子评估和患病率</h5>
<p>在242名艾滋病毒感染者中，使用实时聚合酶链反应<i>大肠bieneusi</i>是7.9％（<svg height="11.0375" id="M8" style="vertical-align:-0.27588pt;width:42.912498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 42.912498 11.0375" width="42.912498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0375)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.17)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</T.span>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.6773224" y="0">
=</T.span>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.71771" y="0">
1</T.span>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.969212" y="0">
9.</T.span>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>）.之间的19<i>大肠bieneusi</i>，一个被互化<i>E. intestinalis.</i>．</p>
<p>表格<a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jpr/2012/278028/tab2/" target="_blank">2</a>介绍了IFI-AcM、实时PCR和基因型的研究结果。与real-time PCR比较，IFI-AcM诊断效率如下:灵敏度为42.1%，特异性为100%，阳性预测值为100%，阴性预测值为95%。</p>
<div class="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="tab2">
<div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-tab2">
<table class="table-group" id="tab2">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<table class="table">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="thead-hr" colspan="4">
<hr></td>
</tr>
<tr class="thead">
<td align="left"><i>N</i>/ 19</T.d>
<td align="center">IFI-AcM<i>EB，EI</i></td>
<td align="center">PCR RT<i>EB，EI</i></td>
<td align="center">基因型Par RFLP.</T.d>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="thead-hr" colspan="4">
<hr></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">07.</T.d>
<td align="center"><i>海尔哥哥</i></td>
<td align="center"><i>海尔哥哥</i></td>
<td align="center"><b>类型4</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">08.</T.d>
<td align="center">不</T.d>
<td align="center"><i>海尔哥哥</i></td>
<td align="center"><b>n</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">10.</T.d>
<td align="center"><i>海尔哥哥</i></td>
<td align="center"><i>海尔哥哥</i></td>
<td align="center"><b>类型4</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">12.</T.d>
<td align="center">不</T.d>
<td align="center"><i>海尔哥哥</i></td>
<td align="center"><b>n</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">30.</T.d>
<td align="center">不</T.d>
<td align="center"><i>海尔哥哥</i></td>
<td align="center"><b>1型</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">34</T.d>
<td align="center"><i>海尔哥哥</i></td>
<td align="center"><i>海尔哥哥</i></td>
<td align="center"><b>类型4</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">36</T.d>
<td align="center"><i>海尔哥哥</i></td>
<td align="center"><i>海尔哥哥</i></td>
<td align="center"><b>n</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">37</T.d>
<td align="center"><i>海尔哥哥</i></td>
<td align="center"><i>海尔哥哥</i></td>
<td align="center"><b>n</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">39</T.d>
<td align="center"><i>海尔哥哥</i></td>
<td align="center"><i>海尔哥哥</i></td>
<td align="center"><b>n</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">40</T.d>
<td align="center"><i>海尔哥哥</i></td>
<td align="center"><i>海尔哥哥</i></td>
<td align="center"><b>n</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">44</T.d>
<td align="center">不</T.d>
<td align="center"><i>海尔哥哥</i></td>
<td align="center"><b>1型</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">49</T.d>
<td align="center">不</T.d>
<td align="center"><i>海尔哥哥</i></td>
<td align="center"><b>1型</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left"><b>63</b></td>
<td align="center"><b><i>海尔哥哥</i></b></td>
<td align="center"><b><i>EB，EI</i></b></td>
<td align="center"><b>类型4</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">89</T.d>
<td align="center">不</T.d>
<td align="center"><i>海尔哥哥</i></td>
<td align="center"><b>n</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">93</T.d>
<td align="center">不</T.d>
<td align="center"><i>海尔哥哥</i></td>
<td align="center"><b>n</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">105.</T.d>
<td align="center">不</T.d>
<td align="center"><i>海尔哥哥</i></td>
<td align="center"><b>类型4</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">134</T.d>
<td align="center">不</T.d>
<td align="center"><i>海尔哥哥</i></td>
<td align="center"><b>n</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">183</T.d>
<td align="center">不</T.d>
<td align="center"><i>海尔哥哥</i></td>
<td align="center"><b>1型</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">220.</T.d>
<td align="center">不</T.d>
<td align="center"><i>海尔哥哥</i></td>
<td align="center"><b>1型</b></td>
</tr>
<tr class="table-tr">
<td colspan="4">
<hr class="tbody-hr"></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div class="floats-partial-footer">
<div class="floats-partial-caption">
<span class="caption-text">表2</span>
<a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jpr/2012/278028/tab2/" title="" target="_blank"></a>
</div>
<div class="floats-partial-caption-text">
microcleridia（<i>大肠bieneusi</i>那<i>e . intestinalis</i>和基因型)。</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>数字<a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jpr/2012/278028/fig1/" target="_blank">1</a>根据周期数显示相对荧光信号(Rn)的功能。</p>
<div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig1">
<div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig1">
<div class="partial-carousel--single-image">
<img alt="" name="278028.fig.001" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/jpr/volume-2012/278028/figures/278028.fig.001.jpg">
<br>
<strong></strong>
</div>
</div>
<div class="floats-partial-footer">
<div class="floats-partial-caption">
<span class="caption-text">图1</span>
<a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jpr/2012/278028/fig1/" title="" target="_blank"></a>
</div>
<div class="floats-partial-caption-text">
<i>大肠bieneusi</i>
<table>
用的放大曲线-特异性实时荧光定量PCR检测。</T.able>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>实时PCR的灵敏性和重现性通过连续稀释的重复试验进行评估(图<a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jpr/2012/278028/fig2/" target="_blank">2</a>）.Ct值与的十进制对数的关系<i>大肠bieneusi</i>每个小亚基rRNA基因拷贝数<i>μ</i>l如下：斜率= -3.397和拦截= 41.747。</p>
<div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig2">
<div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig2">
<div class="partial-carousel--single-image">
<img alt="" name="278028.fig.002" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/jpr/volume-2012/278028/figures/278028.fig.002.jpg">
<br>
<strong></strong>
</div>
</div>
<div class="floats-partial-footer">
<div class="floats-partial-caption">
<span class="caption-text">图2</span>
<a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jpr/2012/278028/fig2/" title="" target="_blank"></a>
</div>
<div class="floats-partial-caption-text">
<i>大肠bieneusi</i>
<i>μ</i>
<table>
标准曲线表示阈值周期（CT）值作为十进制对数的函数每个小亚基rRNA基因拷贝数l</T.able>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>将ITS区扩增产物进行PCR-RFLP分析<i>大肠bieneusi</i>粪便分离(图<a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jpr/2012/278028/fig3/" target="_blank">3.</a>）.我们发现了两个遗传学上不相关的系系:不含Fnu4HI扩增子的I型菌株，以及含有NlaIII和Fnu4HI扩增子的IV型菌株。</p>
<div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig3">
<div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig3">
<div class="partial-carousel--single-image">
<img alt="" name="278028.fig.003" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/jpr/volume-2012/278028/figures/278028.fig.003.jpg">
<br>
<strong></strong>
</div>
</div>
<div class="floats-partial-footer">
<div class="floats-partial-caption">
<span class="caption-text">图3</span>
<a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jpr/2012/278028/fig3/" title="" target="_blank"></a>
</div>
<div class="floats-partial-caption-text">
<i>大肠bieneusi</i>
<table>
RFLP分析经Fnu4HI和NlaIII酶切后的PCR产物。ND:未消化，PM:分子量标记。</T.able>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<h4 id="discussion">4.讨论</h4>
<p>在本研究中，我们使用了两种实时PCR方法和一种PCR- rflp方法进行定量检测<i>大肠bieneusi</i>粪便标本的DNA和菌株基因分型。</p>
<p>hiv感染者的临床特征与其他非洲患者的腹泻频率相似[<a href="#B2">2</a>-<a href="#B7">7.</a>］．</p>
<p>的患病率<i>大肠bieneusi</i>在这些HIV刚性诊断患者中通过PCR鉴定为8.2％（7.9％<i>大肠bieneusi</i>），其高于在其他非洲国家使用类似的PCR技术（不到5％）的Microcliaidia的患病率[<a href="#B4">4.</a>那<a href="#B17">17.</a>-<a href="#B25">25</a>］．微孢子虫病的低发病率可能与抗逆转录病毒治疗(ART)的位置和可用性有关。事实上，微孢子虫的流行包括<i>大肠bieneusi</i>在广泛提供抗逆转录病毒疗法的国家，艾滋病病毒感染者的感染人数大幅下降[<a href="#B26">26</a>那<a href="#B27">27</a>］．然而，在大多数非洲国家，包括我们的刚果研究，很少有患者能够获得抗逆转录病毒治疗[<a href="#B1">1</a>那<a href="#B8">8.</a>那<a href="#B9">9.</a>]，它可以解释我们研究中发现的更高患病率，以及在艾滋病毒感染者中的其他一些非洲研究中[<a href="#B8">8.</a>那<a href="#B9">9.</a>那<a href="#B28">28</a>］．</p>
<p>在这项研究中，我们使用了一种快速高效的QPCR方法与PCR-RFLP基因分型和IIF-mAb结合，用于测定艾滋病毒感染患者中粪便标本中的肠泡微生物。因此，我们确认了最好的诊断<i>大肠bieneusi</i>采用更灵敏、更特异的实时荧光定量PCR诊断<i>E. intestinalis.</i>[<a href="#B10">10.</a>-<a href="#B13">13.</a>］．</p>
<p>文献报道说<i>大肠bieneusi</i>是一个相对同质的实体，基于pcr - rflp的ITS区域推定多态性<i>大肠bieneusi</i>[<a href="#B5">5.</a>］．这种假定的多态性的ITS区域<i>大肠bieneusi</i>有一个遗传多样性<i>大肠bieneusi</i>[<a href="#B5">5.</a>］．</p>
<p>之间的19<i>大肠bieneusi</i>我们研究过的病例，我们确定了5型I株<i>大肠bieneusi</i>（26.3％）和5型IV株。相比之下，法国的艾滋病毒感染的患者受到I型菌株的大多数[<a href="#B12">12.</a>那<a href="#B13">13.</a>］．有趣的是，在喀麦隆之前的一项研究中也遇到了IV型菌株[<a href="#B18">18.</a>］．此外，Tumwine等人。发现大多数基因型K株，其对应于我们的分类中的IV型，来自乌干达的儿童[<a href="#B29">29</a>］．</p>
<h5 id="sec4.1">4.1。在现场的现场中的调查结果和目前的理解</h5>
<p>Liguory等人的工作和工作。[<a href="#B12">12.</a>那<a href="#B13">13.</a>使用Liguory团队开发的PCR-RFLP进行。我们的分型是基于核糖体DNA内部转录间隔区(ITS)的DNA多态性<i>大肠bieneusi</i>．PCR-RFLP在PCR扩增的其产品中用两种限制性酶（NLA III和FNU4HI）产生，II型，II型，III型和IV型[<a href="#B12">12.</a>那<a href="#B13">13.</a>］．</p>
<p>Santín等[<a href="#B30">30.</a>是减少与基因型识别相关的混乱的领导者之一<i>大肠bieneusi</i>在IWOP-10会议之后。根据共识[<a href="#B30">30.</a>[以前，对术语的对应性如下：基因型B属于I型，基因型C属于II型，基因型，未确定的基因型不属于III型，并且基因型K属于基因型IV [<a href="#B13">13.</a>那<a href="#B30">30.</a>那<a href="#B31">31</a>］．</p>
<p>尽管有标准方法来确定基因型<i>大肠bieneusi</i>基于内部转录间隔区(ITS)的DNA序列，r-RNA基因发表于Santín等[<a href="#B30">30.</a>]，在Kinshasa（DRC）的现状，并在法国的工作作品[<a href="#B12">12.</a>那<a href="#B13">13.</a>]及在喀麦隆[<a href="#B31">31</a>[艾滋病毒感染和基因型I和IV之间显示出显着关联<i>大肠bieneusi</i>．基因型IV<i>大肠bieneusi</i>仅存在于尼日利亚的艾滋病患者中[<a href="#B32">32</a>)、乌干达(<a href="#B29">29</a>],加蓬[<a href="#B31">31</a>]和葡萄牙[<a href="#B33">33</a>］．基因型II和III<i>大肠bieneusi</i>在金沙萨(刚果民主共和国)的目前研究中没有发现，因为尚未在非洲报道。然而，基因型II和III<i>大肠bieneusi</i>在来自欧洲的艾滋病毒阴性人中更频繁[<a href="#B12">12.</a>那<a href="#B13">13.</a>］．在欧洲，基因型I在艾滋病患者中比基因型IV更为常见[<a href="#B12">12.</a>那<a href="#B13">13.</a>那<a href="#B34">34</a>]除了来自中非的艾滋病毒患者，包括刚果民主共和国，目前的研究和Cameroun [<a href="#B31">31</a>］．</p>
<p>在本研究中，基因型i型IV<i>大肠bieneusi</i>患者的比例为1，兴高采烈：基因型I<i>大肠bieneusi</i>5例艾滋病毒/艾滋病与基因型IV<i>大肠bieneusi</i>5例艾滋病毒/艾滋病患者。法国和讲法语的中非之间可能的快速旅行可能是出现I型基因型的一个因素<i>大肠bieneusi</i>．</p>
<h5 id="sec4.2">4．2.对公共卫生的影响</h5>
<p>PCR方法的显着诊断效率<i>大肠bieneusi</i>将对hiv相关微孢子虫的管理产生影响。</p>
<p>real-time PCR技术对微孢子虫种的准确鉴定和分化将改善治疗、临床表现和预后[<a href="#B35">35</a>-<a href="#B37">37</a>］．</p>
<p>人类感染的传播方式和来源<i>大肠bieneusi</i>或利用实时PCR和RFLP进行的HIV和分子分析应该对流行病学研究有用[<a href="#B1">1</a>那<a href="#B5">5.</a>那<a href="#B8">8.</a>那<a href="#B9">9.</a>那<a href="#B35">35</a>-<a href="#B39">39</a>］．</p>
<h4 id="conclusion">5.结论</h4>
<p>的患病率<i>大肠bieneusi</i>正在出现。我们使用了敏感，具体，快速，有效的键入方法<i>大肠bieneusi</i>通过实时PCR和PCR-RFLP测定从粪便标本获得。基因型I.<i>大肠bieneusi</i>在欧洲的hiv患者中比基因型i - IV<i>大肠bieneusi</i>估计有1位艾滋病毒感染患者，来自刚果民主共和国金库萨的本研究。</p>
<h4 id="conflict-of-interests">利益冲突</h4>
<p>作者没有收到任何资金或利益的行业，金融机构，或其他地方进行这项研究。</p>
<h4 id="acknowledgments">致谢</h4>
<p>作者感谢法国巴黎圣路易斯市医院的Francis Derouin教授和刚果民主共和国金沙萨刚果基督教大学(UPC)的学生的样本收集，感谢Annie Claude Guillo-Olczyk夫人、Isabelle Jolly、Isabelle Meyer和Liliane Ciceron提供的出色技术援助。我们还感谢法国加伦科伦布的阿兰·高利耶先生和米雷耶·高利耶夫人出色的社会援助。他们也感谢医生主任和医院的医生允许他们进行这项研究。</p>
</div>
<div class="xml-content">
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<li id="B24">M. Lebbad, H. Norrgren, A. Nauclér, F. Dias, S. Andersson和E. Linder，“几内亚比绍HIV-2相关艾滋病病例中肠道寄生虫与慢性腹泻的关系”，<i>Acta Tropica</i>，第80卷，第2期。1，第45-49页，2001。<span class="reflinks">查看在：<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0001-706X(01)00142-5">出版商的网站</a><span class="sep">|</span><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Intestinal%20parasites%20in%20HIV-2%20associated%20AIDS%20cases%20with%20chronic%20diarrhoea%20in%20Guinea-Bissau&author=M. Lebbad&author=H. Norrgren&author=A. Nauclér&author=F. Dias&author=S. Andersson&author=&author=E. Linder&publication_year=2001" target="_blank">谷歌学者</a></span></li>
<li id="B25">A.Samé-ekobo，J.Lohhoué和A.Mbassi，“城市和郊区的HIV患者寄生和真菌腹泻的临床和生物学研究”，<i>手册的桑特</i>，第7卷，第5期6，PP。349-354,1997。<span class="reflinks">查看在：<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Clinical%20and%20biological%20study%20of%20parasitic%20and%20fungal%20diarrhea%20in%20HIV%20patients%20in%20the%20urban%20and%20suburban%20areas%20of%20Yaounde&author=A. Samé-Ekobo&author=J. Lohoué&author=&author=A. Mbassi&publication_year=1997" target="_blank">谷歌学者</a></span></li>
<li id="B26">V. Le Moing, F. Bissuel, D. Costagliola等，“广泛使用蛋白酶抑制剂导致hiv感染患者肠道隐孢子虫病患病率下降”，<i>艾滋病</i>，第12卷，第2期11，第1395-1397页，1998。<span class="reflinks">查看在：<a href="https://doi.org/10.1097/00002030-199811000-00025">出版商的网站</a><span class="sep">|</span><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Decreased%20prevalence%20of%20intestinal%20cryptosporidiosis%20in%20HIV-infected%20patients%20concomitant%20to%20the%20widespread%20use%20of%20protease%20inhibitors&author=V. Le Moing&author=F. Bissuel&author=D. Costagliola et al.&publication_year=1998" target="_blank">谷歌学者</a></span></li>
<li id="B27">A. Carr, D. Marriott, A. Field, E. Vasak和D. A. Cooper，“联合抗逆转录病毒疗法治疗hiv -1相关的微孢子虫病和隐孢子虫病”，<i>《柳叶刀》</i>，卷。351，没有。9098，PP。256-261,998。<span class="reflinks">查看在：<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(97)07529-6">出版商的网站</a><span class="sep">|</span><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Treatment%20of%20HIV-1-associated%20microsporidiosis%20and%20cryptosporidiosis%20with%20combination%20antiretroviral%20therapy&author=A. Carr&author=D. Marriott&author=A. Field&author=E. Vasak&author=&author=D. A. Cooper&publication_year=1998" target="_blank">谷歌学者</a></span></li>
<li id="B28">C. Mwachari、B. I. F. Batchelor、J. Paul、P. G. Waiyaki和C. F. Gilks， "肯尼亚内罗毕成年艾滋病毒感染者的慢性腹泻"，<i>感染杂志</i>，卷。37，不。1，pp。48-53,1998。<span class="reflinks">查看在：<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0163-4453(98)90561-8">出版商的网站</a><span class="sep">|</span><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Chronic%20diarrhoea%20among%20HIV-infected%20adult%20patients%20in%20Nairobi,%20Kenya&author=C. Mwachari&author=B. I. F. Batchelor&author=J. Paul&author=P. G. Waiyaki&author=&author=C. F. Gilks&publication_year=1998" target="_blank">谷歌学者</a></span></li>
<li id="B29">J. K. Tumwine, A. Kekitiinwa, N. Nabukeera, D. E. Akiyoshi, M. A. Buckholt, and S. Tzipori， "<i>肠内毒素生物血清</i>在乌干达穆拉戈医院的腹泻儿童中<i>美国热带医学和卫生杂志</i>，卷。67，没有。3，pp。299-303，2002。<span class="reflinks">查看在：<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Enterocytozoon%20bieneusi%20among%20children%20with%20diarrhea%20attending%20Mulago%20hospital%20in%20Uganda&author=J. K. Tumwine&author=A. Kekitiinwa&author=N. Nabukeera&author=D. E. Akiyoshi&author=M. A. Buckholt&author=&author=S. Tzipori&publication_year=2002" target="_blank">谷歌学者</a></span></li>
<li id="B30">M.Santín和r.Fayer，“<i>肠内毒素生物血清</i>基于内部转录间隔序列的基因型命名:共识<i>真核微生物学杂志</i>，卷。56，没有。1，pp。34-38,2009。<span class="reflinks">查看在：<a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.2008.00380.x">出版商的网站</a><span class="sep">|</span><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Enterocytozoon%20bieneusi%20genotype%20nomenclature%20based%20on%20the%20internal%20transcribed%20spacer%20sequence:%20a%20consensus&author=M. Santín &author=R. Fayer&publication_year=2009" target="_blank">谷歌学者</a></span></li>
<li id="B31">J.Breton，E. Bart-Delabesse，S.Biligui等，“生物多样性基因型中的新高度分歧RRNA序列”<i>肠内毒素生物血清</i>从加蓬和喀麦隆的人类分离出菌株，“<i>临床微生物学杂志</i>第45卷第5期8，页2580-2589,2007。<span class="reflinks">查看在：<a href="https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.02554-06">出版商的网站</a><span class="sep">|</span><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=New%20highly%20divergent%20rRNA%20sequence%20among%20biodiverse%20genotypes%20of%20Enterocytozoon%20bieneusi%20strains%20isolated%20from%20humans%20in%20Gabon%20and%20Cameroon&author=J. Breton&author=E. Bart-Delabesse&author=S. Biligui et al.&publication_year=2007" target="_blank">谷歌学者</a></span></li>
<li id="B32">F. O. Akinbo, C. E. Okaka, R. Omoregie, T. Dearen, E. T. Leon, and L. Xiao， "分子表征<i>隐孢子虫</i>SPP。在贝宁市，尼日利亚州贝宁市的艾滋病毒感染者中，“<i>美国热带医学与卫生杂志</i>，卷。86，没有。3，第441-445,2012。<span class="reflinks">查看在：<a href="https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.2012.11-0548">出版商的网站</a><span class="sep">|</span><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Molecular%20characterization%20of%20Cryptosporidium%20spp.%20in%20HIV-infected%20persons%20in%20Benin%20City,%20Edo%20State,%20Nigeria&author=F. O. Akinbo&author=C. E. Okaka&author=R. Omoregie&author=T. Dearen&author=E. T. Leon&author=&author=L. Xiao&publication_year=2012" target="_blank">谷歌学者</a></span></li>
<li id="B33">M.L.Lobo，L. Xiao，F. Antunes和O. Matos，“Matos，”Materclidia是新兴病原体和公共卫生的含义：对艾滋病毒阳性和阴茎患者的10年研究，“<i>国际寄生虫学杂志</i>，第42卷，197-205页，2012。<span class="reflinks">查看在：<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Microsporidia%20as%20emerging%20pathogens%20and%20the%20implication%20for%20public%20health:%20a%2010-year%20study%20on%20HIV-positive%20and%20-negative%20patients&author=M. L. Lobo&author=L. Xiao&author=F. Antunes&author=&author=O. Matos&publication_year=2012" target="_blank">谷歌学者</a></span></li>
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<li id="B35">R. A. Hartskeerl, A. R. J. Schuitema, T. Van Gool，和W. J. Terpstra，“肠外发生的遗传证据<i>肠内毒素生物血清</i>感染，“<i>核酸研究</i>，卷。21，不。17，第4150,1993条。<span class="reflinks">查看在：<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Genetic%20evidence%20for%20the%20occurrence%20of%20extra-intestinal%20Enterocytozoon%20bieneusi%20infections&author=R. A. Hartskeerl&author=A. R. J. Schuitema&author=T. Van Gool&author=&author=W. J. Terpstra&publication_year=1993" target="_blank">谷歌学者</a></span></li>
<li id="B36">J. M. Molina, J. Goguel, C. Sarfati et al.，“富马青霉素对肠道微孢子虫病的潜在疗效是由于<i>肠内毒素生物血清</i>一项药物筛选研究的结果<i>艾滋病</i>，第11卷，第5期。13，第1603-1610页，1997。<span class="reflinks">查看在：<a href="https://doi.org/10.1097/00002030-199713000-00009">出版商的网站</a><span class="sep">|</span><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Potential%20efficacy%20of%20fumagillin%20in%20intestinal%20microsporidiosis%20due%20to%20Enterocytozoon%20bieneusi%20in%20patients%20with%20HIV%20infection:%20results%20of%20a%20drug%20screening%20study&author=J. M. Molina&author=J. Goguel&author=C. Sarfati et al.&publication_year=1997" target="_blank">谷歌学者</a></span></li>
<li id="B37">S. Pol, C. A. Romana, S. Richard等，“人类免疫缺陷病毒患者的微孢子虫感染和原因不明的胆管炎”，<i>新英格兰医学杂志</i>，卷。328，没有。2，pp。95-99,1992。<span class="reflinks">查看在：<a href="https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199301143280204">出版商的网站</a><span class="sep">|</span><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Microsporidia%20infection%20in%20patients%20with%20the%20human%20immunodeficiency%20virus%20and%20unexplained%20cholangitis&author=S. Pol&author=C. A. Romana&author=S. Richard et al.&publication_year=1992" target="_blank">谷歌学者</a></span></li>
<li id="B38">Y. Hutin, M. N. Sombardier, C. Sarfati, J. M. Decazes, J. Modai, and J. M. Molina，“感染人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)患者肠道微孢子虫病的危险因素”，刊于<i>第37届抗菌剂和化疗科学会议论文集</i>，第1-150页，美国微生物学会，1997年9月，摘要。<span class="reflinks">查看在：<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Risk%20factors%20for%20intestinal%20microsporidiosis%20in%20patients%20infected%20with%20human%20immunodeficiency%20virus%20(HIV)&author=Y. Hutin&author=M. N. Sombardier&author=C. Sarfati&author=J. M. Decazes&author=J. Modai&author=&author=J. M. Molina" target="_blank">谷歌学者</a></span></li>
<li id="B39">B. Swaminathan和T. J. Barrett，《传染病流行病学调查的放大方法》，<i>微生物方法杂志</i>，第23卷，第2期。1，页129-139,1995。<span class="reflinks">查看在：<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-7012(95)00021-C">出版商的网站</a><span class="sep">|</span><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Amplification%20methods%20for%20epidemiologic%20investigations%20of%20infectious%20diseases&author=B. Swaminathan &author=T. J. Barrett&publication_year=1995" target="_blank">谷歌学者</a></span></li>
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