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class="ant-col ThreeColumnLayout_leftColumn__yqNgV"> <div> <div> <div id="article-table-of-contents" data-ismobile="false"> <div class="TableOfContents_tableOfContents__0jAuv"> <div class="TableOfContents_tableOfContents__title__CH9Lz"> 在这一页上</gydF4y2Badiv> <a class="TableOfContents_tableOfContents__item__JJil1" href="#abstract">文摘</一个> <a class="TableOfContents_tableOfContents__item__JJil1" href="#introduction">介绍</一个> <a class="TableOfContents_tableOfContents__item__JJil1" href="#methods">方法</一个> <a class="TableOfContents_tableOfContents__item__JJil1" href="#results">结果</一个> <a class="TableOfContents_tableOfContents__item__JJil1" href="#discussion">讨论</一个> <a class="TableOfContents_tableOfContents__item__JJil1" href="#references">引用</一个> <a class="TableOfContents_tableOfContents__item__JJil1" href="#copyright">版权</一个> <a class="TableOfContents_tableOfContents__item__JJil1" href="#related-articles">相关文章</一个> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ant-col ThreeColumnLayout_middleColumn__sbd41"> <div class="ArticleMiddleSection_articleMiddleSection__gAv9z"> <div class="articleHeader"> <div class="articleHeader__specialIssue"> <span class="articleHeader__specialIssue_tag">特殊的问题</gydF4y2Baspan> <h2 class="articleHeader__specialIssue_title">自律、动机和心理社会因素在体重管理</h2gydF4y2Ba> <a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jobe/si/831079/" class="articleHeader__specialIssue_url" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">把这个特殊的问题</一个> </div> <strong>研究文章|<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->开放获取</gydF4y2Bastrong> <div class="articleHeader__meta"> <span>体积<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->2012年<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->|</gydF4y2Baspan> <span>文章的ID<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->269320年<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->|</gydF4y2Baspan> <span class="articleHeader__meta_doiLink"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/269320" aria-label="Doi-link" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/269320</一个></span> </div> <div class="simpleShowMore"> <button class="simpleShowMore__button">显示引用</gydF4y2Babutton> </div> <h1 class="articleHeader__title">情境动机和感知强度:他们的交互在预测的积极影响身体活动的变化</h1gydF4y2Ba> <div class="articleHeader__authors"> <span class="articleHeader__authors_author"><strong>伊娃吉林</gydF4y2Bastrong><a href="//www.newsama.com/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection" aria-label="Mail Option"><span role="img" class="anticon"> <svg version="1.0" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em" viewbox="0 0 1401 1101"> <path fill="#6ba439" d="M132.5 2.1C101.4 6 71.1 20.5 48.3 42.4c-22.7 21.7-37.5 48.3-44.6 80l-2.2 10.1v837l2.2 10.1c6.7 30 19.3 53.9 39.8 75.3 23.3 24.3 56.4 40.9 90 45 12.8 1.6 1122.2 1.6 1135 0 38.9-4.8 75.9-25.6 100-56.4 15-19.3 24.2-39 29.8-63.9l2.2-10.1v-837l-2.2-10.1c-7.1-31.8-21.9-58.3-44.6-80.1-20.2-19.2-43.9-31.7-73.6-38.5l-9.6-2.3L705 1.4c-321.9-.1-568.5.2-572.5.7zm1123.4 99.5c1.7.4 3.1 1 3.1 1.4 0 .5-125.6 87.7-279 194L700.9 490.2 422 297C268.5 190.7 143 103.4 143 103c0-.5 1-1.1 2.3-1.3 3.5-.7 1107.1-.8 1110.6-.1zM401 404c164.4 113.8 299.4 207 300 207 .6 0 135.6-93.2 300.1-207 164.5-113.9 299.3-207 299.5-207 .2 0 .4 170.9.4 379.7 0 417.9.5 386-6.1 398.3-6.2 11.6-19 21.4-31.9 24.4-5.8 1.4-67.4 1.6-562 1.6s-556.2-.2-562-1.6c-12.9-3-25.7-12.8-31.9-24.4-6.6-12.3-6.1 19.6-6.1-398.3 0-208.8.2-379.7.5-379.7S236.6 290.1 401 404z"></path> </svg></span></a><sup>1</gydF4y2Basup></span> <span class="articleHeader__authors_author">和<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->米歇尔·s·福捷<gydF4y2Basup>1</gydF4y2Basup></span> </div> <div class="simpleShowMore"> <button class="simpleShowMore__button">显示更多</gydF4y2Babutton> </div> <div class="articleHeader__academicEditor"> <strong>学术编辑器:</gydF4y2Bastrong> <span>佩德罗•j•特谢拉</gydF4y2Baspan> </div> <div class="articleHeader__timeline"> <div class="articleHeader__timeline_item "> <strong>收到了</gydF4y2Bastrong> <span>2011年12月08</gydF4y2Baspan> </div> <div class="articleHeader__timeline_item "> <strong>修改后的</gydF4y2Bastrong> <span>2012年4月20日</gydF4y2Baspan> </div> <div class="articleHeader__timeline_item "> <strong>接受</gydF4y2Bastrong> <span>2012年4月28日</gydF4y2Baspan> </div> <div class="articleHeader__timeline_item articleHeader__timeline_item_sticky"> <strong>发表</gydF4y2Bastrong> <span>2012年6月19日</gydF4y2Baspan> </div> </div> </div> <div class="articleBody"> <div class="xml-content"> <h4 class="header" id="abstract">文摘</h4gydF4y2Ba> <p>有证据表明,情感体验周围的体育活动可以促进适当的自我调节的一个活跃的生活方式。对体育活动动机,所描绘的自决理论,与积极的影响,随着体力活动的强度,尤其是自然的首选。本实验研究的目的是检查之间的交互情境动机和强度(即。,ratings of perceived exertion (RPE)] in predicting changes in positive affect following an acute bout of preferred physical activity, namely, running. Fourty-one female runners engaged in a 30-minute self-paced treadmill run in a laboratory context. Situational motivation for running, pre- and post-running positive affect, and RPE were assessed via validated self-report questionnaires. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed a significant interaction effect between RPE and introjection (<svg height="11.25" id="M1" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt;width:48.337502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 48.337502 11.25" width="48.337502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.25)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.890113" y="0"> <</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.930502" y="0"> 。</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.056252" y="0"> 0</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.307751" y="0"> 5</tgydF4y2Baspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>),但不是RPE和识别之间的监管或内在动机。在低水平的投入,RPE对积极的影响的变化的影响是相当大的,较高的RPE评级与更大的增加积极的影响。发现的SDT原则的含义以及法规和RPE之间的潜在的突发事件预测女性积极的影响进行了讨论。</gydF4y2Bap> <span class="end-abs"></span> <h4 id="introduction">1。介绍</h4gydF4y2Ba> <p>身体活动(PA)已被确定为一个特征因素个体的生活质量(<一个href="#B1">1</一个>),尤其是在女性中(<一个href="#B2">2</一个>]。事实上,一些研究努力聚集在试图理解爸爸的主要决定因素,特别是,这些因素可以与个人的意志控制的具体行为。已经越来越感兴趣的一个因素是影响行为科学家和/或情绪,这是定义为<gydF4y2Bai>质量</gydF4y2Bai>主观感受国家的组成元素价(即。好/坏)和激活(即。,高/低)<一个href="#B3">3</一个>]。值得注意的是,研究显示之间的关联参与考评的急性发作和立即增加<gydF4y2Bai>积极的</gydF4y2Bai>影响(<一个href="#B4">4</一个>]。反过来,基本的情感反应与会话(即中等强度PA。,increases in positive affect) have been shown to predict futures bouts of PA six and twelve months later [<一个href="#B5">5</一个>]。事实上,重复<gydF4y2Bai>积极的</gydF4y2Bai>情感体验与PA可能维持PA动机随着时间的推移,这可以促进长期PA参与(<一个href="#B6">6</一个>,<一个href="#B7">7</一个>]。此前,学习积极的影响在特定的上下文中会话是一个值得调查的结果,这在更广泛的尝试了解如何最优预测可持续成功的体重管理考评的行为模式和更大的幸福。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>然而,专家强调,并不是所有的人参与PA实现更积极的情感状态和随后的增量一般幸福(<一个href="#B8">8</一个>]。事实上,结果没有完全一致的一些参与者见证了没有变化或恶化的影响与运动(<一个href="#B9">9</一个>]。这可能长期影响而言,维持充足的PA的福利水平。这导致研究人员试图孤立的条件的具体情感运动的好处可能最大化或者相反,挫败。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>特别是,一行的研究都集中在宾夕法尼亚州的强度及其与运动影响代谢的关系。整合的研究结果显示,急性PA positive-activated影响的影响可能更大的中度强度(<一个href="#B4">4</一个>,<一个href="#B10">10</一个>]。在过去的研究中,一些研究人员试图揭开“阈强度”的情感运动的好处,还没有足够的经验证据的倒U形剂量反应关系(<一个href="#B11">11</一个>]。从更多的人为本来看,一些研究人员现在认为,首选/自我选择的强度可能会导致更大的积极的影响比规定的好处PA强度(<一个href="#B12">12</一个>,<一个href="#B13">13</一个>]。总体而言,证据是不确定的,因为他们似乎有重大inter-individual变异性有关基准强度水平最有利于增加积极的影响。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>另一条线的工作,专门针对这种基于单独的差异也呼吁更多的理论研究在解决可能的潜在心理机制[PA-positive影响关系<一个href="#B14">14</一个>,<一个href="#B15">15</一个>]。特别是,它最近提出和强调个人的激励方式对PA可能提供一个失踪,本次链接(<一个href="#B16">16</一个>]。自决理论(SDT),一个认可,支持激励理论,区分了两种类型的动机:自主的动机和动力控制(或规定)<一个href="#B17">17</一个>]。分和瑞安<一个href="#B17">17</一个>]还动机分为几种类型的行为规则,属于这两大类别。总的来说,自主的动机是根植于满意的感觉,选择和意志。它的特点是享受一个活动因其自身原因(即。,intrinsic motivation) and/or assigning it value and personal importance (i.e., identified regulation). Controlled or non-self-determined motivation can be defined as engaging in an activity, such as exercise, so as to avoid self-inflicted shame or guilt, or to gain a personal reward, namely pride (introjected regulation) [<一个href="#B18">18</一个>]。控制的动机也可以刺激的特点是根据外部需求(例如,获得奖励;外部监管)(<一个href="#B18">18</一个>]。自决理论还假设另一种类型的动机,amotivation,这被认为是不相关与积极参与本研究,因为它被定义为缺乏行动的意图(<一个href="#B17">17</一个>]。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>民族自决,即较高的内在动力和确定风格,与健康有关的意图从事促进健康的行为,如PA (<一个href="#B19">19</一个>]。女性,确定监管也突出强度预测的PA订婚的<一个href="#B20">20.</一个>]。更高水平的也被这些自主的规定<gydF4y2Bai>积极</gydF4y2Bai>与理想的心理变量包括PA享受(<一个href="#B21">21</一个>和post-PA积极的影响<一个href="#B22">22</一个>),以及电池等健康指标的更大的自尊和抑郁和状态焦虑水平较低(<一个href="#B23">23</一个>]。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>另一方面和更多的控制下分类,吸取有利的规定被认为是低于自主的励志风格(<一个href="#B18">18</一个>]。事实上研究发现之间的关联融合动机PA和适应不良的结果,包括贫穷生活满意度(<一个href="#B24">24</一个>和exercise-dependence艰苦的PA等症状<一个href="#B25">25</一个>]。同样更高的分数在外部动机与自尊问题和更高水平的负面影响(<一个href="#B26">26</一个>]。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>虽然动机对PA和PA的感知强度似乎被视为独立的影响,可能是他们产生互动影响PA-induced情感变化。这种相互作用,将符合PA-affect的专家称潜在机制的复杂性(幸福)的关系以及新证据的相关性励志风格在预测变化影响后PA在自我选择的强度<一个href="#B15">15</一个>,<一个href="#B16">16</一个>]。特别是融合监管,理论提出不应直接与幸福(影响),感知强度可能施加特定的贡献影响(<一个href="#B27">27</一个>]。而其他研究,尽管很少,强调了自我选择的PA之间可能的相互作用强度和人格等心理因素(<一个href="#B28">28</一个>和自我效能感<一个href="#B29">29日</一个>),据我们所知还没有实证研究适当的娱乐互动动机。事实上,感知强度(主动)之间的相互作用和动力风格在预测的变化影响急性PA可以揭示一个可持续发展的机制长期PA和幸福,在于个人的意志规定,也利用了物理性质的运动。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>因此,这个控制实验室研究的目的是探索,并检查是否有相互作用项的激励规定从事经营活动和评级的认为努力(RPE);自我选择的强度)在预测前后post-PA(即。积极的影响,运行)变化。三种类型的动机是有针对性的给出上面引用的证据以及最近透露的动机类型和强度偏好之间的关联。最后,本研究进行了<gydF4y2Bai>活跃的女人</gydF4y2Bai>鉴于PA和影响之间的联系可能特别明显活跃的个人经历与PA (<一个href="#B30">30.</一个>,<一个href="#B31">31日</一个>)和女性(<一个href="#B32">32</一个>,<一个href="#B33">33</一个>]。这将允许一个“模型”示例突出上述基础理论的关系;此外,这将导致一个重要的需要更好地了解如何开发成功的考评的干预策略为女性(<一个href="#B34">34</一个>]。</gydF4y2Bap> <h4 id="methods">2。方法</h4gydF4y2Ba> <h5 id="sec2.1">2.1。参与者</h5gydF4y2Ba> <p>Fourty-one健康和活跃的女性(即。,>20 minutes of moderate to vigorous PA three times per week) with an average age of 40.98 (SD = 4.93) participated in this study. The Godin Leisure Time Exercise Questionnaire [<一个href="#B35">35</一个>考评的),一个共同的和验证自我报告测量水平,管理作为筛查措施,这个样本的平均评分高达59.71。参与者也有较低的平均身体质量指数为22.47。最小化混杂的影响在实验协议,它是必要的,参与者自我运行作为他们的首选或最频繁的运动形态(<一个href="#B36">36</一个>]。在他们的闲暇时间,女性报告运行的意思是RPE 13.37 (SD = 1.22)。他们也给平均8.60公里的正常运行和/或49.37分钟。这个示例是受过良好教育的妇女(82.9%拥有大学学位或更高)和所有在外面了。</gydF4y2Bap> <h5 id="sec2.2">2.2。措施</h5gydF4y2Ba> <h6 id="sec2.2.1">2.2.1。积极的影响</h6gydF4y2Ba> <p>积极的影响消极影响进度(PANAS) [<一个href="#B37">37</一个>),由20个形容词词(10积极、消极的),被用来评估参与者的影响。根据circumplex模型,影响维度的特征可以价(积极、消极)以及激活(低,高)和专家认为,PANAS侧重于高激活组件的影响(<一个href="#B38">38</一个>]。对于每一个形容词,参与者把他们的反应(1)不使用阀杆(5)非常<gydF4y2Bai>表明在多大程度上你现在有这样的感觉,也就是说,在当下。</gydF4y2Bai>形容词的例子包括:兴奋(正面)和沮丧(负)。考虑到关注<gydF4y2Bai>积极的</gydF4y2Bai>影响在目前的调查,只有这些形容词进行了总结和分析。在目前的研究中,积极的克伦巴赫α次生氧化皮预处理和跑后。88年,。91,respectively.</p> <h6 id="sec2.2.2">2.2.2。动机</h6gydF4y2Ba> <p>情境动机量表(SIMS) (<一个href="#B39">39</一个>)是用来衡量情境动机运行。16项的西姆斯是由四个分量表,评估不同行为规定(内在动机、识别、外部和amotivation)。融合监管被排除在原西姆斯为了有更多的简洁的仪器研究目的(<一个href="#B39">39</一个>]。在最近的研究中,一个增强版的《模拟人生》有四个验证项目开发使用这种类型的规定(<一个href="#B40">40</一个>,<一个href="#B41">41</一个>]。项目测量增强态势中投入动机量表(SIMS) [<一个href="#B41">41</一个>):(1)因为我感觉不好不这样做;(2)因为我不会感到内疚;(3)因为我想避免内疚;(4)因为我后悔没有这样做。使用级李克特量表从(1)对应不准确(7)对应,参与者应对干你为什么目前(对运行),为项目,包括“因为我想避免内疚”(投入),“因为我是为了我自己好”(确认)。平均分数计算内在动机,融合监管和监管。像预期的那样从一个积极参与者的样本,外部监管和amotivation得分较低和方差水平可以忽略不计,这导致了较低的内部一致性值。没有对这些规定进行了进一步的分析。克伦巴赫α有关分量表是可以接受良好的价值观。65年,。85, and .85 for identified regulation, introjected regulation and intrinsic motivation respectively.</p> <h6 id="sec2.2.3">2.2.3。感知强度</h6gydF4y2Ba> <p>认为努力的评级(RPE)规模<一个href="#B42">42</一个>)是管理在分钟后立即运行评估感知强度/努力正在运行的活动。更具体地说,类似于之前的研究,我们采用一些专家所创造的“会话RPE”,即参与者被要求评价的总体强度完全运行会话(<一个href="#B43">43</一个>,<一个href="#B44">44</一个>]。这将最小化瞬时波动的影响在参与者如何感知他们的努力,可能污染综合评价的准确性。数值从6到20组成(会话)RPE规模也固定在每一个奇数和一个简短的描述符(即。,7 =非常淡定;13 =有点硬;19 =非常困难)。的有效性和可靠性RPE建立鉴于其频繁使用在PA和情绪的研究<一个href="#B45">45</一个>]。</gydF4y2Bap> <h5 id="sec2.3">2.3。程序</h5gydF4y2Ba> <p>本研究伦理审查委员会批准渥太华大学是一个更大的项目的一部分。感兴趣的科目出席了一个会议在大学实验室空间。货到后,参与者提供书面知情同意并及时回应西姆斯和前PANAS运行活动。参加者被带到一个私人房间配备了跑步机锻炼,一张桌子,一把椅子和解释了协议运行。为了模仿自学运行,但容易日志的速度以确保至少中等强度跑被满足,跑步机控制面板从跑步机上跑步带身体是分离的。这使得研究人员轻松地调整设置针对所有参与者的需求。参与者完成了一个2 - 3分钟热身运动平均速度为5.17公里/小时。接下来,研究人员加快带参与者的预期的速度。研究人员仍在接近为了加速或减速带常必要的,已注意到的细节和时间。通过加权的任何变化的速度比运行时间的速度,平均运行速度计算。 There was minimal conversation and eye contact between participant and researcher and the treadmill was maintained at a grade of zero. Participants ran for a 30-minute duration in order to stay consistent with previous inquiries on acute exercise and affective states (e.g., Bartholomew et al., 2005 [<一个href="#B47">46</一个>])。之后,皮带是放缓的初始步行速度两分钟冷却和参与者提供会话RPE为30分钟的运行组件。最后,参与者对PANAS再次作出了回应。</gydF4y2Bap> <h5 id="sec2.4">2.4。分析</h5gydF4y2Ba> <p>所有数据都输入SPSS 18.0版;资金,意味着和标准差计算。初始data-screening程序进行根据程序中概述Tabashnick和Fidell<一个href="#B48">47</一个>]。即评估进行数据录入错误、缺失数据,异常值、常态和回归分析的基本假设。描述性统计和可靠性分析计算的影响和动机变量。一个重复测量<gydF4y2Bai>t</gydF4y2Bai>跑前和跑后水平相比以及积极的影响的初步审查是否运行对参与者的影响有显著的影响。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>标准化剩余变化分积极影响计算每个参与者为了充分考虑参与者的初始影响分数(<一个href="#B49">48</一个>]。即预测分数计算的回归对跑前跑后影响影响,然后减去从观察到的分数。剩余的变化分数作为结果变量三个独立分层多元回归模型,用来测试RPE之间的交互和情境动机运行。具体来说,单独的产品条款RPE和三个激励规定使用标准化的创建和添加的每一项成绩最后一步在各自的回归模型。</gydF4y2Bap> <h4 id="results">3所示。结果</h4gydF4y2Ba> <p>实验运行会话期间,参与者平均速度为9.66公里/小时和提供一个意味着RPE为12.79。这个值反映了中度到高强度,类似于通常的RPE通过实验室以外的女人。没有单变量异常值的变量。所有的假设关于正常、线性和方差齐性得到满足,没有共线性的证据。积极的影响从pre -跑后显著增加<gydF4y2Basvg height="13.45" id="M2" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:77.787498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 77.787498 13.45" width="77.787498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.45)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="3.913439" y="0"> (</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> 4</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.328438" y="0"> 0</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.579939" y="0"> )</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.206768" y="0"> =</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.247158" y="0"> 4</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="46.498657" y="0"> 。</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="49.624409" y="0"> 8</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="55.875908" y="0"> 3</tgydF4y2Baspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,<gydF4y2Basvg height="11.0625" id="M3" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt;width:56.150002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 56.150002 11.0625" width="56.150002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.15)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.890113" y="0"> <</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.930502" y="0"> 。</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.056252" y="0"> 0</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.307751" y="0"> 0</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.559254" y="0"> 1</tgydF4y2Baspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>]。见表<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jobe/2012/269320/tab1/" target="_blank">1</一个>描述性统计。</gydF4y2Bap> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="tab1"> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">表1</gydF4y2Baspan> <a aria-label="View full page" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jobe/2012/269320/tab1/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> 均值和标准差(SD)情境动机法规,积极的影响,认为努力(RPE)的评级。</gydF4y2Badiv> <a class="table-thumb-overlay" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jobe/2012/269320/tab1" target="_blank" aria-label="View full page"></a> </div> </div> <p>分层回归分析的结果显示没有明显的内在动机之间的交互和RPE残余变化分数在积极的影响<gydF4y2Basvg height="16.625" id="M4" style="vertical-align:-5.04861pt;width:41.049999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 41.049999 16.625" width="41.049999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-58.7)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tgydF4y2Baspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.22,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> c</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.745856" y="0"> h</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.1218557" y="0"> 一个</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="12.007744" y="0"> n</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="16.383743" y="0"> g</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="20.628464" y="0"> e</tgydF4y2Baspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>(37)= 23),<gydF4y2Basvg height="11.0375" id="M5" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:48.337502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 48.337502 11.0375" width="48.337502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.17)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.4)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.890113" y="0"> =</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.930502" y="0"> 。</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.056252" y="0"> 6</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.307751" y="0"> 3</tgydF4y2Baspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)确定监管和RPE之间也没有(<gydF4y2Basvg height="16.625" id="M6" style="vertical-align:-5.04861pt;width:41.049999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 41.049999 16.625" width="41.049999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-58.7)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tgydF4y2Baspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.22,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> c</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.745856" y="0"> h</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.1218557" y="0"> 一个</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="12.007744" y="0"> n</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="16.383743" y="0"> g</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="20.628464" y="0"> e</tgydF4y2Baspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>(37)= 1.82,<gydF4y2Basvg height="11.0375" id="M7" style="vertical-align:-0.27588pt;width:48.337502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 48.337502 11.0375" width="48.337502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.17)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.890113" y="0"> =</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.930502" y="0"> 。</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.056252" y="0"> 1</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.307751" y="0"> 9</tgydF4y2Baspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>]。然而,有一个显著的交互效应RPE和投入<gydF4y2Basvg height="16.625" id="M8" style="vertical-align:-5.04861pt;width:41.049999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 41.049999 16.625" width="41.049999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-58.7)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tgydF4y2Baspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.22,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> c</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.745856" y="0"> h</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.1218557" y="0"> 一个</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="12.007744" y="0"> n</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="16.383743" y="0"> g</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="20.628464" y="0"> e</tgydF4y2Baspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>(37)= 4.20,<gydF4y2Basvg height="13.55" id="M9" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:58.474998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 58.474998 13.55" width="58.474998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.55)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.16)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.440005" y="0"> =</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.480394" y="0"> −</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.044949" y="0"> 。</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.1707" y="0"> 3</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.422199" y="0"> 0</tgydF4y2Baspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg> <svg height="11.25" id="M10" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt;width:48.337502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 48.337502 11.25" width="48.337502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.25)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.890113" y="0"> <</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.930502" y="0"> 。</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.056252" y="0"> 0</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.307751" y="0"> 5</tgydF4y2Baspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)解释了额外的9%的方差的变化仅在积极影响的变量。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>作为显示在图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jobe/2012/269320/fig1/" target="_blank">1</一个>当参与者报道,低投入,认为跑步强度的影响的变化积极的影响是相当大的,较高的RPE与更大的影响增加前跑后。这种效应变得不那么明显的投入水平上升的。当参与者报告高融合监管,积极的影响的变化是与RPE值上升,波动很小,甚至显示略有下降的趋势。</gydF4y2Bap> <div class="partial-carousel-wrapper"> <div class="floats-partial-section"> <div class="floats-partial-content"> <div class="partial-carousel--full-image partial-carousel-f61e0d16e8818d45936e9f794c7eb632"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/jobe/volume-2012/269320/figures/269320.fig.001.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs"> <div class="partial-carousel-dots-f61e0d16e8818d45936e9f794c7eb632 partial-carousel-thumbnail"> <button aria-label="Slide to " class="partial-carousel-dot"><img loading="lazy" alt="" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/jobe/volume-2012/269320/thumbnails/269320.fig.001_th.jpg"><br><strong></strong></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle--nav"> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev-f61e0d16e8818d45936e9f794c7eb632 partial-carousel-next-prev"> <button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-prev"></button> <button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-next"></button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图1</gydF4y2Baspan> <a aria-label="View full page" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jobe/2012/269320/fig1/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>之间的交互融合动机运行(IJ)和评级的感知运动(RPE) residualized变化分数在积极的影响。</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> <h4 id="discussion">4所示。讨论</h4gydF4y2Ba> <p>本次试验研究的结果显示显著的RPE之间的交互(即。,intensity) and introjected regulation but not between RPE and intrinsic or identified styles of motivation in predicting changes in positive affect from pre- to post-running. To our knowledge, this is the first study to have examined this interplay, which builds on previous deliberations by Ekkekakis and Lind [<一个href="#B50">49</一个>]关于潜在的复杂因果链连接强度,从锻炼,快乐和依从性等因素。特别是,我们的调查提供了一个重要的兼职邓肯和他的同事们的研究(<一个href="#B20">20.</一个>显示项之间的关联的动机法规和PA强度。具体来说,我们认为是交互<gydF4y2Bai>之间的</gydF4y2Bai>这些变量在解释一个因素被越来越多的承认不仅是一个重要的考评的结果也是一个可行的未来参与的决定因素,即积极的影响(<一个href="#B5">5</一个>]。我们的结果证实最近的建议,一个人的励志风格PA时应该考虑试图有氧PA的情感收益最大化,特别是在自我选择的强度(<一个href="#B16">16</一个>]。这次调查的优势正在运行的活动,包括自学自然情境动机运行,和使用控制的实验室环境。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>研究人员已经观察到非常高的努力水平,有一个基本的积极的线性运动强度之间的联系和影响<一个href="#B51">50</一个>]。而基本的线性关系(RPE-positive影响)在这项研究实际上是积极的投入低和中等水平,这对那些高投入倾斜明显,这样情感变化相当稳定,不管感知强度。而投入与从事剧烈运动(有关<一个href="#B20">20.</一个>),我们的研究结果表明,这种关系可能小轴承通过PA经历剧烈的情绪变化,至少在狂热的女运动员。这种相互作用甚至可能令人不安有下行趋势积极的影响随着RPE的增加之间的高度融合的跑步者。这可能表明,活跃的女性高投入立即实现某种形式的“感觉良好”或“救援”效应等活动的运行,防止或减轻罪恶感,从而实现,无论感知强度。这是体现在我们的研究中更大的整体收益的影响对于那些高投入,这可能是类似于什么Sabiston和他的同事们(<一个href="#B52">51</一个>被称为<gydF4y2Bai>修复</gydF4y2Bai>动机的性质从内疚。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>另一方面,跑步者低中融合监管,积极的影响与更大的变异性有关的变化在RPE这可能表明一个更大的升值PA的感觉和物理特性。林德et al。<一个href="#B53">52</一个>)说,个体通常选择运动速度提高或保持他们的情绪。我们的研究结果表明,这可能是更适用于锻炼者投入较低和不受内部压力运动,从而使他们充分体验PA会话。因此,<gydF4y2Bai>在任务</gydF4y2Bai>情感状态和感觉,不评估在我们的研究中,可以是一个来源的差异人投入的高和低。未来的研究应考虑开放式调查期间急性PA会议以确定相关来源的不同个体间的情感变化励志风格。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>尽管它影响积极的影响在我们的研究中,也对维持高强度的影响PA (<一个href="#B20">20.</一个>),投入与几个有关负面的心理后果,并不在我们的评估急性运动研究(例如,低自我价值感和生活满意度)(<一个href="#B24">24</一个>]。因此,谨慎的解释我们的结果是保证立即改善积极的影响不一定转化为效益一般幸福(<一个href="#B52">51</一个>]。这可能是令人不安的,如果我们考虑到水平较低的个体幸福感通常不太可能参与PA (<一个href="#B54">53</一个>],从而启动可疑的定期PA维护周期和复利问题有关领导一个健康积极的生活方式。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>在不同的注意,结果显示无意义的更自主的励志风格和RPE之间的相互作用可能的理论意义。类似于上面所讨论的是关于运动员水平较低的投入,我们的结果提示,那些高水平的内在和/或确定监管可以减少突发事件附加到他们的运动参与。在这方面,波顿和他的同事们(<一个href="#B55">54</一个>)发现被内在的动机是积极的独立预测幸福感水平的性能。此外,他们发现,培养内在动机可能减少某些突发事件之间的感知性能和它们的健康。这是符合项原则和研究揭示,尽管变化的感知能力的活动,自主的个体表现出更大兴趣,快乐和自信,这是表现出通过更大的幸福<一个href="#B56">55</一个>]。因此自主的法规和幸福之间的关系更有可能直接性质,本研究表明,感知强度、可视图作为他们的表现的指标,没有明显的形状post-PA积极的影响在女性更高的变化自主的规定。其他作者也指出直接识别和内在动机和post-PA影响之间的关系作为幸福指标(<一个href="#B22">22</一个>]。此外,从心理的角度来看,天花板效应可能是部分原因无意义的结果考虑到高意味着低方差为这些变量,特别是确定监管。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>本研究对其他可能的限制,在文献中有不同的观点关于最优时间点评估RPE (s)。我们选择评估会议RPE立即post-PA这是常见的做法在研究人员(<一个href="#B51">50</一个>,<一个href="#B57">56</一个>]。然而,一些作者如辛格et al。<一个href="#B58">57</一个>)认为post-PA RPE在锻炼后的几分钟上可以有很大的不同(例如,在5 - 10分钟),评估RPE的15 - 30分钟后爸爸更稳定和有效的参与者的感知强度指标。不过,其他专家完全吸引远离会话RPE声称PA会话期间定期重复的RPE测量提供一个更有代表性的强度(<一个href="#B59">58</一个>,<一个href="#B60">59</一个>]。在未来的研究中,研究人员将需要解决担忧的最佳时间点(s)为RPE测量(s)在研究状况等影响,他们可能希望补充与替代和客观的调查措施的强度。同样,研究人员可能希望考虑使用的研究设计,利用纵向和在任务的幸福动力和强度对指标的影响。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>此外,未来的研究将需要使用更大的样本,从组的参与者更加多样化的活动水平,因为这可以缓解心理问题的评估特定的激励方式。只有积极的使用,体重正常的妇女也可以认为是本研究的缺点的普遍性和这将是值得测试给定的交互在超重或肥胖的人可能会经历不同的(<一个href="#B61">60</一个>]。研究人员已经表明,自治条例与长期体重管理以及相关的肥胖人群的健康指标(<一个href="#B23">23</一个>,<一个href="#B62">61年</一个>),这将是值得研究的相互作用强度PA为了制定这些个体的最佳干预策略。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>然而它也是有趣的,一些研究已经表明,情感体验和乐趣锻炼可能不会正常体重和超重的女人之间显著不同,至少在自我选择的强度(<一个href="#B29">29日</一个>,<一个href="#B50">49</一个>]。此外,其他专家提到,它实际上是富有成果的研究中一个活跃的人口可以学到尽可能多的关于成功的决定因素PA接触和相关的后果,这可以针对性不够活跃<一个href="#B20">20.</一个>]。此外,本研究的目的是探索基于理论的相互作用机理,因此有利于选择一个样本,可以最大化的假设关系。总之,而女性<gydF4y2Bai>更高的</gydF4y2Bai>在投入最大的变化积极影响跑后,进一步推理,为什么这个增加并不是特别敏感的自我选择的强度(RPE)运行,以及这种关系的长期影响健康和PA维护,留给未来的调查。</gydF4y2Bap> </div> </div> <div class="ArticleReferences_xmlContent__p_40j"> <h4 class="ArticleReferences_references__GH2t_" id="references">引用</h4gydF4y2Ba> <ol class="ArticleReferences_orderedReferences__mJr9M"> <li class="ArticleReferences_articleReference__ouEuh" id="B1"> <div class="referenceContent"> <p class="referenceText">诉美国康涅狄格州,a。r . 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𝑃 < . 0 5 ) but not between RPE and identified regulation or intrinsic motivation. At low levels of introjection, the influence of RPE on the change in positive affect was considerable, with higher RPE ratings being associated with greater increases in positive affect. The implications of the findings in light of SDT principles as well as the potential contingencies between the regulations and RPE in predicting positive affect among women are discussed."> 情境动机和感知强度:他们的交互在预测的积极影响身体活动的变化</tgydF4y2Baitle> <link rel="preload stylesheet" as="style" type="text/css" href="https://cdn.bibblio.org/rcm/4.28.0/bib-related-content.min.css"> <link rel="preload" href="https://static.hindawi.com/new/next_assets/2023-08-03-0017a694320dbe69a559e8120be98c/_next/static/css/b2661f2cd4bd618b.css" as="style"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://static.hindawi.com/new/next_assets/2023-08-03-0017a694320dbe69a559e8120be98c/_next/static/css/b2661f2cd4bd618b.css" data-n-g=""> <style 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<span class="articleHeader__meta_doiLink"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/269320" aria-label="Doi-link" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/269320</一个></span> </div> <div class="simpleShowMore"> <button class="simpleShowMore__button">显示引用</gydF4y2Babutton> </div> <h1 class="articleHeader__title">情境动机和感知强度:他们的交互在预测的积极影响身体活动的变化</h1gydF4y2Ba> <div class="articleHeader__authors"> <span class="articleHeader__authors_author"><strong>伊娃吉林</gydF4y2Bastrong><a href="//www.newsama.com/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection" aria-label="Mail Option"><span role="img" class="anticon"> <svg version="1.0" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em" viewbox="0 0 1401 1101"> <path fill="#6ba439" d="M132.5 2.1C101.4 6 71.1 20.5 48.3 42.4c-22.7 21.7-37.5 48.3-44.6 80l-2.2 10.1v837l2.2 10.1c6.7 30 19.3 53.9 39.8 75.3 23.3 24.3 56.4 40.9 90 45 12.8 1.6 1122.2 1.6 1135 0 38.9-4.8 75.9-25.6 100-56.4 15-19.3 24.2-39 29.8-63.9l2.2-10.1v-837l-2.2-10.1c-7.1-31.8-21.9-58.3-44.6-80.1-20.2-19.2-43.9-31.7-73.6-38.5l-9.6-2.3L705 1.4c-321.9-.1-568.5.2-572.5.7zm1123.4 99.5c1.7.4 3.1 1 3.1 1.4 0 .5-125.6 87.7-279 194L700.9 490.2 422 297C268.5 190.7 143 103.4 143 103c0-.5 1-1.1 2.3-1.3 3.5-.7 1107.1-.8 1110.6-.1zM401 404c164.4 113.8 299.4 207 300 207 .6 0 135.6-93.2 300.1-207 164.5-113.9 299.3-207 299.5-207 .2 0 .4 170.9.4 379.7 0 417.9.5 386-6.1 398.3-6.2 11.6-19 21.4-31.9 24.4-5.8 1.4-67.4 1.6-562 1.6s-556.2-.2-562-1.6c-12.9-3-25.7-12.8-31.9-24.4-6.6-12.3-6.1 19.6-6.1-398.3 0-208.8.2-379.7.5-379.7S236.6 290.1 401 404z"></path> </svg></span></a><sup>1</gydF4y2Basup></span> <span class="articleHeader__authors_author">和<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->米歇尔·s·福捷<gydF4y2Basup>1</gydF4y2Basup></span> </div> <div class="simpleShowMore"> <button class="simpleShowMore__button">显示更多</gydF4y2Babutton> </div> <div class="articleHeader__academicEditor"> <strong>学术编辑器:</gydF4y2Bastrong> <span>佩德罗•j•特谢拉</gydF4y2Baspan> </div> <div class="articleHeader__timeline"> <div class="articleHeader__timeline_item "> <strong>收到了</gydF4y2Bastrong> <span>2011年12月08</gydF4y2Baspan> </div> <div class="articleHeader__timeline_item "> <strong>修改后的</gydF4y2Bastrong> <span>2012年4月20日</gydF4y2Baspan> </div> <div class="articleHeader__timeline_item "> <strong>接受</gydF4y2Bastrong> <span>2012年4月28日</gydF4y2Baspan> </div> <div class="articleHeader__timeline_item articleHeader__timeline_item_sticky"> <strong>发表</gydF4y2Bastrong> <span>2012年6月19日</gydF4y2Baspan> </div> </div> </div> <div class="articleBody"> <div class="xml-content"> <h4 class="header" id="abstract">文摘</h4gydF4y2Ba> <p>有证据表明,情感体验周围的体育活动可以促进适当的自我调节的一个活跃的生活方式。对体育活动动机,所描绘的自决理论,与积极的影响,随着体力活动的强度,尤其是自然的首选。本实验研究的目的是检查之间的交互情境动机和强度(即。,ratings of perceived exertion (RPE)] in predicting changes in positive affect following an acute bout of preferred physical activity, namely, running. Fourty-one female runners engaged in a 30-minute self-paced treadmill run in a laboratory context. Situational motivation for running, pre- and post-running positive affect, and RPE were assessed via validated self-report questionnaires. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed a significant interaction effect between RPE and introjection (<svg height="11.25" id="M1" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt;width:48.337502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 48.337502 11.25" width="48.337502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.25)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.890113" y="0"> <</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.930502" y="0"> 。</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.056252" y="0"> 0</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.307751" y="0"> 5</tgydF4y2Baspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>),但不是RPE和识别之间的监管或内在动机。在低水平的投入,RPE对积极的影响的变化的影响是相当大的,较高的RPE评级与更大的增加积极的影响。发现的SDT原则的含义以及法规和RPE之间的潜在的突发事件预测女性积极的影响进行了讨论。</gydF4y2Bap> <span class="end-abs"></span> <h4 id="introduction">1。介绍</h4gydF4y2Ba> <p>身体活动(PA)已被确定为一个特征因素个体的生活质量(<一个href="#B1">1</一个>),尤其是在女性中(<一个href="#B2">2</一个>]。事实上,一些研究努力聚集在试图理解爸爸的主要决定因素,特别是,这些因素可以与个人的意志控制的具体行为。已经越来越感兴趣的一个因素是影响行为科学家和/或情绪,这是定义为<gydF4y2Bai>质量</gydF4y2Bai>主观感受国家的组成元素价(即。好/坏)和激活(即。,高/低)<一个href="#B3">3</一个>]。值得注意的是,研究显示之间的关联参与考评的急性发作和立即增加<gydF4y2Bai>积极的</gydF4y2Bai>影响(<一个href="#B4">4</一个>]。反过来,基本的情感反应与会话(即中等强度PA。,increases in positive affect) have been shown to predict futures bouts of PA six and twelve months later [<一个href="#B5">5</一个>]。事实上,重复<gydF4y2Bai>积极的</gydF4y2Bai>情感体验与PA可能维持PA动机随着时间的推移,这可以促进长期PA参与(<一个href="#B6">6</一个>,<一个href="#B7">7</一个>]。此前,学习积极的影响在特定的上下文中会话是一个值得调查的结果,这在更广泛的尝试了解如何最优预测可持续成功的体重管理考评的行为模式和更大的幸福。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>然而,专家强调,并不是所有的人参与PA实现更积极的情感状态和随后的增量一般幸福(<一个href="#B8">8</一个>]。事实上,结果没有完全一致的一些参与者见证了没有变化或恶化的影响与运动(<一个href="#B9">9</一个>]。这可能长期影响而言,维持充足的PA的福利水平。这导致研究人员试图孤立的条件的具体情感运动的好处可能最大化或者相反,挫败。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>特别是,一行的研究都集中在宾夕法尼亚州的强度及其与运动影响代谢的关系。整合的研究结果显示,急性PA positive-activated影响的影响可能更大的中度强度(<一个href="#B4">4</一个>,<一个href="#B10">10</一个>]。在过去的研究中,一些研究人员试图揭开“阈强度”的情感运动的好处,还没有足够的经验证据的倒U形剂量反应关系(<一个href="#B11">11</一个>]。从更多的人为本来看,一些研究人员现在认为,首选/自我选择的强度可能会导致更大的积极的影响比规定的好处PA强度(<一个href="#B12">12</一个>,<一个href="#B13">13</一个>]。总体而言,证据是不确定的,因为他们似乎有重大inter-individual变异性有关基准强度水平最有利于增加积极的影响。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>另一条线的工作,专门针对这种基于单独的差异也呼吁更多的理论研究在解决可能的潜在心理机制[PA-positive影响关系<一个href="#B14">14</一个>,<一个href="#B15">15</一个>]。特别是,它最近提出和强调个人的激励方式对PA可能提供一个失踪,本次链接(<一个href="#B16">16</一个>]。自决理论(SDT),一个认可,支持激励理论,区分了两种类型的动机:自主的动机和动力控制(或规定)<一个href="#B17">17</一个>]。分和瑞安<一个href="#B17">17</一个>]还动机分为几种类型的行为规则,属于这两大类别。总的来说,自主的动机是根植于满意的感觉,选择和意志。它的特点是享受一个活动因其自身原因(即。,intrinsic motivation) and/or assigning it value and personal importance (i.e., identified regulation). Controlled or non-self-determined motivation can be defined as engaging in an activity, such as exercise, so as to avoid self-inflicted shame or guilt, or to gain a personal reward, namely pride (introjected regulation) [<一个href="#B18">18</一个>]。控制的动机也可以刺激的特点是根据外部需求(例如,获得奖励;外部监管)(<一个href="#B18">18</一个>]。自决理论还假设另一种类型的动机,amotivation,这被认为是不相关与积极参与本研究,因为它被定义为缺乏行动的意图(<一个href="#B17">17</一个>]。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>民族自决,即较高的内在动力和确定风格,与健康有关的意图从事促进健康的行为,如PA (<一个href="#B19">19</一个>]。女性,确定监管也突出强度预测的PA订婚的<一个href="#B20">20.</一个>]。更高水平的也被这些自主的规定<gydF4y2Bai>积极</gydF4y2Bai>与理想的心理变量包括PA享受(<一个href="#B21">21</一个>和post-PA积极的影响<一个href="#B22">22</一个>),以及电池等健康指标的更大的自尊和抑郁和状态焦虑水平较低(<一个href="#B23">23</一个>]。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>另一方面和更多的控制下分类,吸取有利的规定被认为是低于自主的励志风格(<一个href="#B18">18</一个>]。事实上研究发现之间的关联融合动机PA和适应不良的结果,包括贫穷生活满意度(<一个href="#B24">24</一个>和exercise-dependence艰苦的PA等症状<一个href="#B25">25</一个>]。同样更高的分数在外部动机与自尊问题和更高水平的负面影响(<一个href="#B26">26</一个>]。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>虽然动机对PA和PA的感知强度似乎被视为独立的影响,可能是他们产生互动影响PA-induced情感变化。这种相互作用,将符合PA-affect的专家称潜在机制的复杂性(幸福)的关系以及新证据的相关性励志风格在预测变化影响后PA在自我选择的强度<一个href="#B15">15</一个>,<一个href="#B16">16</一个>]。特别是融合监管,理论提出不应直接与幸福(影响),感知强度可能施加特定的贡献影响(<一个href="#B27">27</一个>]。而其他研究,尽管很少,强调了自我选择的PA之间可能的相互作用强度和人格等心理因素(<一个href="#B28">28</一个>和自我效能感<一个href="#B29">29日</一个>),据我们所知还没有实证研究适当的娱乐互动动机。事实上,感知强度(主动)之间的相互作用和动力风格在预测的变化影响急性PA可以揭示一个可持续发展的机制长期PA和幸福,在于个人的意志规定,也利用了物理性质的运动。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>因此,这个控制实验室研究的目的是探索,并检查是否有相互作用项的激励规定从事经营活动和评级的认为努力(RPE);自我选择的强度)在预测前后post-PA(即。积极的影响,运行)变化。三种类型的动机是有针对性的给出上面引用的证据以及最近透露的动机类型和强度偏好之间的关联。最后,本研究进行了<gydF4y2Bai>活跃的女人</gydF4y2Bai>鉴于PA和影响之间的联系可能特别明显活跃的个人经历与PA (<一个href="#B30">30.</一个>,<一个href="#B31">31日</一个>)和女性(<一个href="#B32">32</一个>,<一个href="#B33">33</一个>]。这将允许一个“模型”示例突出上述基础理论的关系;此外,这将导致一个重要的需要更好地了解如何开发成功的考评的干预策略为女性(<一个href="#B34">34</一个>]。</gydF4y2Bap> <h4 id="methods">2。方法</h4gydF4y2Ba> <h5 id="sec2.1">2.1。参与者</h5gydF4y2Ba> <p>Fourty-one健康和活跃的女性(即。,>20 minutes of moderate to vigorous PA three times per week) with an average age of 40.98 (SD = 4.93) participated in this study. The Godin Leisure Time Exercise Questionnaire [<一个href="#B35">35</一个>考评的),一个共同的和验证自我报告测量水平,管理作为筛查措施,这个样本的平均评分高达59.71。参与者也有较低的平均身体质量指数为22.47。最小化混杂的影响在实验协议,它是必要的,参与者自我运行作为他们的首选或最频繁的运动形态(<一个href="#B36">36</一个>]。在他们的闲暇时间,女性报告运行的意思是RPE 13.37 (SD = 1.22)。他们也给平均8.60公里的正常运行和/或49.37分钟。这个示例是受过良好教育的妇女(82.9%拥有大学学位或更高)和所有在外面了。</gydF4y2Bap> <h5 id="sec2.2">2.2。措施</h5gydF4y2Ba> <h6 id="sec2.2.1">2.2.1。积极的影响</h6gydF4y2Ba> <p>积极的影响消极影响进度(PANAS) [<一个href="#B37">37</一个>),由20个形容词词(10积极、消极的),被用来评估参与者的影响。根据circumplex模型,影响维度的特征可以价(积极、消极)以及激活(低,高)和专家认为,PANAS侧重于高激活组件的影响(<一个href="#B38">38</一个>]。对于每一个形容词,参与者把他们的反应(1)不使用阀杆(5)非常<gydF4y2Bai>表明在多大程度上你现在有这样的感觉,也就是说,在当下。</gydF4y2Bai>形容词的例子包括:兴奋(正面)和沮丧(负)。考虑到关注<gydF4y2Bai>积极的</gydF4y2Bai>影响在目前的调查,只有这些形容词进行了总结和分析。在目前的研究中,积极的克伦巴赫α次生氧化皮预处理和跑后。88年,。91,respectively.</p> <h6 id="sec2.2.2">2.2.2。动机</h6gydF4y2Ba> <p>情境动机量表(SIMS) (<一个href="#B39">39</一个>)是用来衡量情境动机运行。16项的西姆斯是由四个分量表,评估不同行为规定(内在动机、识别、外部和amotivation)。融合监管被排除在原西姆斯为了有更多的简洁的仪器研究目的(<一个href="#B39">39</一个>]。在最近的研究中,一个增强版的《模拟人生》有四个验证项目开发使用这种类型的规定(<一个href="#B40">40</一个>,<一个href="#B41">41</一个>]。项目测量增强态势中投入动机量表(SIMS) [<一个href="#B41">41</一个>):(1)因为我感觉不好不这样做;(2)因为我不会感到内疚;(3)因为我想避免内疚;(4)因为我后悔没有这样做。使用级李克特量表从(1)对应不准确(7)对应,参与者应对干你为什么目前(对运行),为项目,包括“因为我想避免内疚”(投入),“因为我是为了我自己好”(确认)。平均分数计算内在动机,融合监管和监管。像预期的那样从一个积极参与者的样本,外部监管和amotivation得分较低和方差水平可以忽略不计,这导致了较低的内部一致性值。没有对这些规定进行了进一步的分析。克伦巴赫α有关分量表是可以接受良好的价值观。65年,。85, and .85 for identified regulation, introjected regulation and intrinsic motivation respectively.</p> <h6 id="sec2.2.3">2.2.3。感知强度</h6gydF4y2Ba> <p>认为努力的评级(RPE)规模<一个href="#B42">42</一个>)是管理在分钟后立即运行评估感知强度/努力正在运行的活动。更具体地说,类似于之前的研究,我们采用一些专家所创造的“会话RPE”,即参与者被要求评价的总体强度完全运行会话(<一个href="#B43">43</一个>,<一个href="#B44">44</一个>]。这将最小化瞬时波动的影响在参与者如何感知他们的努力,可能污染综合评价的准确性。数值从6到20组成(会话)RPE规模也固定在每一个奇数和一个简短的描述符(即。,7 =非常淡定;13 =有点硬;19 =非常困难)。的有效性和可靠性RPE建立鉴于其频繁使用在PA和情绪的研究<一个href="#B45">45</一个>]。</gydF4y2Bap> <h5 id="sec2.3">2.3。程序</h5gydF4y2Ba> <p>本研究伦理审查委员会批准渥太华大学是一个更大的项目的一部分。感兴趣的科目出席了一个会议在大学实验室空间。货到后,参与者提供书面知情同意并及时回应西姆斯和前PANAS运行活动。参加者被带到一个私人房间配备了跑步机锻炼,一张桌子,一把椅子和解释了协议运行。为了模仿自学运行,但容易日志的速度以确保至少中等强度跑被满足,跑步机控制面板从跑步机上跑步带身体是分离的。这使得研究人员轻松地调整设置针对所有参与者的需求。参与者完成了一个2 - 3分钟热身运动平均速度为5.17公里/小时。接下来,研究人员加快带参与者的预期的速度。研究人员仍在接近为了加速或减速带常必要的,已注意到的细节和时间。通过加权的任何变化的速度比运行时间的速度,平均运行速度计算。 There was minimal conversation and eye contact between participant and researcher and the treadmill was maintained at a grade of zero. Participants ran for a 30-minute duration in order to stay consistent with previous inquiries on acute exercise and affective states (e.g., Bartholomew et al., 2005 [<一个href="#B47">46</一个>])。之后,皮带是放缓的初始步行速度两分钟冷却和参与者提供会话RPE为30分钟的运行组件。最后,参与者对PANAS再次作出了回应。</gydF4y2Bap> <h5 id="sec2.4">2.4。分析</h5gydF4y2Ba> <p>所有数据都输入SPSS 18.0版;资金,意味着和标准差计算。初始data-screening程序进行根据程序中概述Tabashnick和Fidell<一个href="#B48">47</一个>]。即评估进行数据录入错误、缺失数据,异常值、常态和回归分析的基本假设。描述性统计和可靠性分析计算的影响和动机变量。一个重复测量<gydF4y2Bai>t</gydF4y2Bai>跑前和跑后水平相比以及积极的影响的初步审查是否运行对参与者的影响有显著的影响。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>标准化剩余变化分积极影响计算每个参与者为了充分考虑参与者的初始影响分数(<一个href="#B49">48</一个>]。即预测分数计算的回归对跑前跑后影响影响,然后减去从观察到的分数。剩余的变化分数作为结果变量三个独立分层多元回归模型,用来测试RPE之间的交互和情境动机运行。具体来说,单独的产品条款RPE和三个激励规定使用标准化的创建和添加的每一项成绩最后一步在各自的回归模型。</gydF4y2Bap> <h4 id="results">3所示。结果</h4gydF4y2Ba> <p>实验运行会话期间,参与者平均速度为9.66公里/小时和提供一个意味着RPE为12.79。这个值反映了中度到高强度,类似于通常的RPE通过实验室以外的女人。没有单变量异常值的变量。所有的假设关于正常、线性和方差齐性得到满足,没有共线性的证据。积极的影响从pre -跑后显著增加<gydF4y2Basvg height="13.45" id="M2" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:77.787498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 77.787498 13.45" width="77.787498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.45)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="3.913439" y="0"> (</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> 4</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.328438" y="0"> 0</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.579939" y="0"> )</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.206768" y="0"> =</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.247158" y="0"> 4</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="46.498657" y="0"> 。</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="49.624409" y="0"> 8</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="55.875908" y="0"> 3</tgydF4y2Baspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,<gydF4y2Basvg height="11.0625" id="M3" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt;width:56.150002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 56.150002 11.0625" width="56.150002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.15)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.890113" y="0"> <</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.930502" y="0"> 。</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.056252" y="0"> 0</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.307751" y="0"> 0</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.559254" y="0"> 1</tgydF4y2Baspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>]。见表<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jobe/2012/269320/tab1/" target="_blank">1</一个>描述性统计。</gydF4y2Bap> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="tab1"> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">表1</gydF4y2Baspan> <a aria-label="View full page" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jobe/2012/269320/tab1/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> 均值和标准差(SD)情境动机法规,积极的影响,认为努力(RPE)的评级。</gydF4y2Badiv> <a class="table-thumb-overlay" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jobe/2012/269320/tab1" target="_blank" aria-label="View full page"></a> </div> </div> <p>分层回归分析的结果显示没有明显的内在动机之间的交互和RPE残余变化分数在积极的影响<gydF4y2Basvg height="16.625" id="M4" style="vertical-align:-5.04861pt;width:41.049999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 41.049999 16.625" width="41.049999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-58.7)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tgydF4y2Baspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.22,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> c</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.745856" y="0"> h</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.1218557" y="0"> 一个</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="12.007744" y="0"> n</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="16.383743" y="0"> g</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="20.628464" y="0"> e</tgydF4y2Baspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>(37)= 23),<gydF4y2Basvg height="11.0375" id="M5" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:48.337502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 48.337502 11.0375" width="48.337502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.17)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.4)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.890113" y="0"> =</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.930502" y="0"> 。</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.056252" y="0"> 6</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.307751" y="0"> 3</tgydF4y2Baspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)确定监管和RPE之间也没有(<gydF4y2Basvg height="16.625" id="M6" style="vertical-align:-5.04861pt;width:41.049999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 41.049999 16.625" width="41.049999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-58.7)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tgydF4y2Baspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.22,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> c</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.745856" y="0"> h</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.1218557" y="0"> 一个</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="12.007744" y="0"> n</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="16.383743" y="0"> g</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="20.628464" y="0"> e</tgydF4y2Baspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>(37)= 1.82,<gydF4y2Basvg height="11.0375" id="M7" style="vertical-align:-0.27588pt;width:48.337502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 48.337502 11.0375" width="48.337502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.17)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.890113" y="0"> =</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.930502" y="0"> 。</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.056252" y="0"> 1</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.307751" y="0"> 9</tgydF4y2Baspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>]。然而,有一个显著的交互效应RPE和投入<gydF4y2Basvg height="16.625" id="M8" style="vertical-align:-5.04861pt;width:41.049999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 41.049999 16.625" width="41.049999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-58.7)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tgydF4y2Baspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.22,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> c</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.745856" y="0"> h</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.1218557" y="0"> 一个</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="12.007744" y="0"> n</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="16.383743" y="0"> g</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="20.628464" y="0"> e</tgydF4y2Baspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>(37)= 4.20,<gydF4y2Basvg height="13.55" id="M9" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:58.474998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 58.474998 13.55" width="58.474998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.55)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.16)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.440005" y="0"> =</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.480394" y="0"> −</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.044949" y="0"> 。</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.1707" y="0"> 3</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.422199" y="0"> 0</tgydF4y2Baspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg> <svg height="11.25" id="M10" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt;width:48.337502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 48.337502 11.25" width="48.337502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.25)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.890113" y="0"> <</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.930502" y="0"> 。</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.056252" y="0"> 0</tgydF4y2Baspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.307751" y="0"> 5</tgydF4y2Baspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)解释了额外的9%的方差的变化仅在积极影响的变量。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>作为显示在图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jobe/2012/269320/fig1/" target="_blank">1</一个>当参与者报道,低投入,认为跑步强度的影响的变化积极的影响是相当大的,较高的RPE与更大的影响增加前跑后。这种效应变得不那么明显的投入水平上升的。当参与者报告高融合监管,积极的影响的变化是与RPE值上升,波动很小,甚至显示略有下降的趋势。</gydF4y2Bap> <div class="partial-carousel-wrapper"> <div class="floats-partial-section"> <div class="floats-partial-content"> <div class="partial-carousel--full-image partial-carousel-f61e0d16e8818d45936e9f794c7eb632"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/jobe/volume-2012/269320/figures/269320.fig.001.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs"> <div class="partial-carousel-dots-f61e0d16e8818d45936e9f794c7eb632 partial-carousel-thumbnail"> <button aria-label="Slide to " class="partial-carousel-dot"><img loading="lazy" alt="" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/jobe/volume-2012/269320/thumbnails/269320.fig.001_th.jpg"><br><strong></strong></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle--nav"> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev-f61e0d16e8818d45936e9f794c7eb632 partial-carousel-next-prev"> <button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-prev"></button> <button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-next"></button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图1</gydF4y2Baspan> <a aria-label="View full page" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jobe/2012/269320/fig1/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>之间的交互融合动机运行(IJ)和评级的感知运动(RPE) residualized变化分数在积极的影响。</tgydF4y2Bad> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> <h4 id="discussion">4所示。讨论</h4gydF4y2Ba> <p>本次试验研究的结果显示显著的RPE之间的交互(即。,intensity) and introjected regulation but not between RPE and intrinsic or identified styles of motivation in predicting changes in positive affect from pre- to post-running. To our knowledge, this is the first study to have examined this interplay, which builds on previous deliberations by Ekkekakis and Lind [<一个href="#B50">49</一个>]关于潜在的复杂因果链连接强度,从锻炼,快乐和依从性等因素。特别是,我们的调查提供了一个重要的兼职邓肯和他的同事们的研究(<一个href="#B20">20.</一个>显示项之间的关联的动机法规和PA强度。具体来说,我们认为是交互<gydF4y2Bai>之间的</gydF4y2Bai>这些变量在解释一个因素被越来越多的承认不仅是一个重要的考评的结果也是一个可行的未来参与的决定因素,即积极的影响(<一个href="#B5">5</一个>]。我们的结果证实最近的建议,一个人的励志风格PA时应该考虑试图有氧PA的情感收益最大化,特别是在自我选择的强度(<一个href="#B16">16</一个>]。这次调查的优势正在运行的活动,包括自学自然情境动机运行,和使用控制的实验室环境。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>研究人员已经观察到非常高的努力水平,有一个基本的积极的线性运动强度之间的联系和影响<一个href="#B51">50</一个>]。而基本的线性关系(RPE-positive影响)在这项研究实际上是积极的投入低和中等水平,这对那些高投入倾斜明显,这样情感变化相当稳定,不管感知强度。而投入与从事剧烈运动(有关<一个href="#B20">20.</一个>),我们的研究结果表明,这种关系可能小轴承通过PA经历剧烈的情绪变化,至少在狂热的女运动员。这种相互作用甚至可能令人不安有下行趋势积极的影响随着RPE的增加之间的高度融合的跑步者。这可能表明,活跃的女性高投入立即实现某种形式的“感觉良好”或“救援”效应等活动的运行,防止或减轻罪恶感,从而实现,无论感知强度。这是体现在我们的研究中更大的整体收益的影响对于那些高投入,这可能是类似于什么Sabiston和他的同事们(<一个href="#B52">51</一个>被称为<gydF4y2Bai>修复</gydF4y2Bai>动机的性质从内疚。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>另一方面,跑步者低中融合监管,积极的影响与更大的变异性有关的变化在RPE这可能表明一个更大的升值PA的感觉和物理特性。林德et al。<一个href="#B53">52</一个>)说,个体通常选择运动速度提高或保持他们的情绪。我们的研究结果表明,这可能是更适用于锻炼者投入较低和不受内部压力运动,从而使他们充分体验PA会话。因此,<gydF4y2Bai>在任务</gydF4y2Bai>情感状态和感觉,不评估在我们的研究中,可以是一个来源的差异人投入的高和低。未来的研究应考虑开放式调查期间急性PA会议以确定相关来源的不同个体间的情感变化励志风格。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>尽管它影响积极的影响在我们的研究中,也对维持高强度的影响PA (<一个href="#B20">20.</一个>),投入与几个有关负面的心理后果,并不在我们的评估急性运动研究(例如,低自我价值感和生活满意度)(<一个href="#B24">24</一个>]。因此,谨慎的解释我们的结果是保证立即改善积极的影响不一定转化为效益一般幸福(<一个href="#B52">51</一个>]。这可能是令人不安的,如果我们考虑到水平较低的个体幸福感通常不太可能参与PA (<一个href="#B54">53</一个>],从而启动可疑的定期PA维护周期和复利问题有关领导一个健康积极的生活方式。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>在不同的注意,结果显示无意义的更自主的励志风格和RPE之间的相互作用可能的理论意义。类似于上面所讨论的是关于运动员水平较低的投入,我们的结果提示,那些高水平的内在和/或确定监管可以减少突发事件附加到他们的运动参与。在这方面,波顿和他的同事们(<一个href="#B55">54</一个>)发现被内在的动机是积极的独立预测幸福感水平的性能。此外,他们发现,培养内在动机可能减少某些突发事件之间的感知性能和它们的健康。这是符合项原则和研究揭示,尽管变化的感知能力的活动,自主的个体表现出更大兴趣,快乐和自信,这是表现出通过更大的幸福<一个href="#B56">55</一个>]。因此自主的法规和幸福之间的关系更有可能直接性质,本研究表明,感知强度、可视图作为他们的表现的指标,没有明显的形状post-PA积极的影响在女性更高的变化自主的规定。其他作者也指出直接识别和内在动机和post-PA影响之间的关系作为幸福指标(<一个href="#B22">22</一个>]。此外,从心理的角度来看,天花板效应可能是部分原因无意义的结果考虑到高意味着低方差为这些变量,特别是确定监管。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>本研究对其他可能的限制,在文献中有不同的观点关于最优时间点评估RPE (s)。我们选择评估会议RPE立即post-PA这是常见的做法在研究人员(<一个href="#B51">50</一个>,<一个href="#B57">56</一个>]。然而,一些作者如辛格et al。<一个href="#B58">57</一个>)认为post-PA RPE在锻炼后的几分钟上可以有很大的不同(例如,在5 - 10分钟),评估RPE的15 - 30分钟后爸爸更稳定和有效的参与者的感知强度指标。不过,其他专家完全吸引远离会话RPE声称PA会话期间定期重复的RPE测量提供一个更有代表性的强度(<一个href="#B59">58</一个>,<一个href="#B60">59</一个>]。在未来的研究中,研究人员将需要解决担忧的最佳时间点(s)为RPE测量(s)在研究状况等影响,他们可能希望补充与替代和客观的调查措施的强度。同样,研究人员可能希望考虑使用的研究设计,利用纵向和在任务的幸福动力和强度对指标的影响。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>此外,未来的研究将需要使用更大的样本,从组的参与者更加多样化的活动水平,因为这可以缓解心理问题的评估特定的激励方式。只有积极的使用,体重正常的妇女也可以认为是本研究的缺点的普遍性和这将是值得测试给定的交互在超重或肥胖的人可能会经历不同的(<一个href="#B61">60</一个>]。研究人员已经表明,自治条例与长期体重管理以及相关的肥胖人群的健康指标(<一个href="#B23">23</一个>,<一个href="#B62">61年</一个>),这将是值得研究的相互作用强度PA为了制定这些个体的最佳干预策略。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>然而它也是有趣的,一些研究已经表明,情感体验和乐趣锻炼可能不会正常体重和超重的女人之间显著不同,至少在自我选择的强度(<一个href="#B29">29日</一个>,<一个href="#B50">49</一个>]。此外,其他专家提到,它实际上是富有成果的研究中一个活跃的人口可以学到尽可能多的关于成功的决定因素PA接触和相关的后果,这可以针对性不够活跃<一个href="#B20">20.</一个>]。此外,本研究的目的是探索基于理论的相互作用机理,因此有利于选择一个样本,可以最大化的假设关系。总之,而女性<gydF4y2Bai>更高的</gydF4y2Bai>在投入最大的变化积极影响跑后,进一步推理,为什么这个增加并不是特别敏感的自我选择的强度(RPE)运行,以及这种关系的长期影响健康和PA维护,留给未来的调查。</gydF4y2Bap> </div> </div> <div class="ArticleReferences_xmlContent__p_40j"> <h4 class="ArticleReferences_references__GH2t_" id="references">引用</h4gydF4y2Ba> <ol class="ArticleReferences_orderedReferences__mJr9M"> <li class="ArticleReferences_articleReference__ouEuh" id="B1"> <div class="referenceContent"> <p class="referenceText">诉美国康涅狄格州,a。r . 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