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<div id="article-table-of-contents" data-ismobile="false"> <div class="TableOfContents_tableOfContents__0jAuv"> <div class="TableOfContents_tableOfContents__title__CH9Lz"> 在这一页上</d我v><一个cl一个年代年代="TableOfContents_tableOfContents__item__JJil1" href="#abstract">文摘</一个><一个cl一个年代年代="TableOfContents_tableOfContents__item__JJil1" href="#introduction">介绍</一个><一个cl一个年代年代="TableOfContents_tableOfContents__item__JJil1" href="#materials-and-methods">材料和方法</一个><一个cl一个年代年代="TableOfContents_tableOfContents__item__JJil1" href="#results-and-discussion">结果与讨论</一个><一个cl一个年代年代="TableOfContents_tableOfContents__item__JJil1" href="#conclusions">结论</一个><一个cl一个年代年代="TableOfContents_tableOfContents__item__JJil1" href="#acknowledgments">确认</一个><一个cl一个年代年代="TableOfContents_tableOfContents__item__JJil1" href="#references">引用</一个><一个cl一个年代年代="TableOfContents_tableOfContents__item__JJil1" href="#copyright">版权</一个><一个cl一个年代年代="TableOfContents_tableOfContents__item__JJil1" href="#related-articles">相关文章</一个></d我v></d我v></div> </div> </div> <div class="ant-col ThreeColumnLayout_middleColumn__sbd41"> <div class="ArticleMiddleSection_articleMiddleSection__gAv9z"> <div class="articleHeader"> <div class="articleHeader__specialIssue"> <span class="articleHeader__specialIssue_tag">特殊的问题</年代pan> <h2 class="articleHeader__specialIssue_title">聚合物纳米复合材料加工、表征和应用程序2012</h2><一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jnm/si/952802/" class="articleHeader__specialIssue_url" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">把这个特殊的问题</一个></d我v><年代tr在g>研究文章|<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->开放获取</年代tr在g><d我vcl一个年代年代="articleHeader__meta"> <span>体积<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->2012年<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->|</年代pan> <span>文章的ID<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->690301年<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->|</年代pan> <span class="articleHeader__meta_doiLink"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/690301" aria-label="Doi-link" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/690301</一个></年代pan> </div> <div class="simpleShowMore"> <button class="simpleShowMore__button">显示引用</gydF4y2Babutton> </div> <h1 class="articleHeader__title">直写画的碳纳米管/聚合物复合超细纤维</h1><d我vcl一个年代年代="articleHeader__authors"> <span class="articleHeader__authors_author"><strong>斯科特·m·贝瑞</年代tr在g><一个href="//www.newsama.com/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection" aria-label="Mail Option"><span role="img" class="anticon"> <svg version="1.0" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em" viewbox="0 0 1401 1101"> <path fill="#6ba439" d="M132.5 2.1C101.4 6 71.1 20.5 48.3 42.4c-22.7 21.7-37.5 48.3-44.6 80l-2.2 10.1v837l2.2 10.1c6.7 30 19.3 53.9 39.8 75.3 23.3 24.3 56.4 40.9 90 45 12.8 1.6 1122.2 1.6 1135 0 38.9-4.8 75.9-25.6 100-56.4 15-19.3 24.2-39 29.8-63.9l2.2-10.1v-837l-2.2-10.1c-7.1-31.8-21.9-58.3-44.6-80.1-20.2-19.2-43.9-31.7-73.6-38.5l-9.6-2.3L705 1.4c-321.9-.1-568.5.2-572.5.7zm1123.4 99.5c1.7.4 3.1 1 3.1 1.4 0 .5-125.6 87.7-279 194L700.9 490.2 422 297C268.5 190.7 143 103.4 143 103c0-.5 1-1.1 2.3-1.3 3.5-.7 1107.1-.8 1110.6-.1zM401 404c164.4 113.8 299.4 207 300 207 .6 0 135.6-93.2 300.1-207 164.5-113.9 299.3-207 299.5-207 .2 0 .4 170.9.4 379.7 0 417.9.5 386-6.1 398.3-6.2 11.6-19 21.4-31.9 24.4-5.8 1.4-67.4 1.6-562 1.6s-556.2-.2-562-1.6c-12.9-3-25.7-12.8-31.9-24.4-6.6-12.3-6.1 19.6-6.1-398.3 0-208.8.2-379.7.5-379.7S236.6 290.1 401 404z"></path> </svg></span></a>,<年代up>1、2、3</年代up></span> <span class="articleHeader__authors_author">桑托什Pabba<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<年代up>2</年代up></span> <span class="articleHeader__authors_author">Robert w .科恩<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<年代up>2</年代up></span> <span class="articleHeader__authors_author">和<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->Robert s . Keynton<年代up>1、2、4</年代up></span> </div> <div class="simpleShowMore"> <button class="simpleShowMore__button">显示更多</gydF4y2Babutton> </div> <div class="articleHeader__academicEditor"> <strong>学术编辑器:</年代tr在g><年代pan>Sadhan c Jana</年代pan> </div> <div class="articleHeader__timeline"> <div class="articleHeader__timeline_item "> <strong>收到了</年代tr在g><年代pan>2012年4月30日</年代pan> </div> <div class="articleHeader__timeline_item "> <strong>接受</年代tr在g><年代pan>2012年7月23日</年代pan> </div> <div class="articleHeader__timeline_item articleHeader__timeline_item_sticky"> <strong>发表</年代tr在g><年代pan>2012年8月28日</年代pan> </div> </div> </div> <div class="articleBody"> <div class="xml-content"> <h4 class="header" id="abstract">文摘</h4><gydF4y2Bap>碳纳米管(CNT)掺杂聚合物超细纤维用小说的解决方案被吸引到数组直写过程。这个过程利用micromanipulator-controlled注射器含有溶剂化聚合物和碳纳米管复合纤维的“写”网络与精确定位的端点。这些复合纤维的直径与毛细薄的程度发生凝固之前直接写CNT-doped灯丝的解决方案。纤维的直径从7<我>μ</gydF4y2Ba我>超过100<我>μ</gydF4y2Ba我>米和拥有导率高达0.1 Sm<年代up>−1</年代up>。纤维直径被发现与增加聚合物浓度和减少纤维长度增加,可以通过调节这些参数控制。碳纳米管的存在被发现不明显影响纤维直径,尽管碳纳米管粘度显著的影响,这是之前报道影响直径。这种差异可能是导致的非牛顿效应CNT /聚合物解决方案,包括一个明显的剪切稀化增加轴向应变率。</gydF4y2Bap> <span class="end-abs"></span> <h4 id="introduction">1。介绍</h4><gydF4y2Bap>CNT-doped聚合物已成为流行的材料生产微电子组件和设备。这些复合材料具有不同的属性特征的碳纳米管(高强度和导电性)和聚合物(重量轻、灵活、可定制),使他们的生产的理想选择各种设备,包括化学或机械传感器(<一个href="#B1">1</一个>),灵活的电磁干扰(EMI)屏蔽<一个href="#B2">2</一个>),和“智能”纺织品(<一个href="#B3">3</一个>]。一个关键质量必不可少的所有微电子应用程序的功能是足够的存在整个复合材料的导电性。几组报道,CNT /聚合物复合材料的电导率问浓度增高而增强非线性或nonisotropic方式(<一个href="#B4">4</一个>- - - - - -<一个href="#B7">7</一个>]。问之间的复杂关系和电导率与浓度的原则“渗透”,预测导电率的急剧上升时问浓度超过一个阈值,<我>连续</我>网络内的碳纳米管存在周围的聚合物基质。此外,复合材料加工成纤维几何图形被报道沿纤维轴[对齐碳纳米<一个href="#B5">5</一个>,<gydF4y2Ba一个href="#B6">6</一个>]。然而,该联合对电导率的影响似乎不清楚,所表示的矛盾的报告(<一个href="#B6">6</一个>,<gydF4y2Ba一个href="#B7">7</一个>在文献中。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>微/ nanofibrous架构已经证明有效的各种微电子应用程序由于内在优势与纤维结构包括提高灵活性,最大表面积,增加强度。熔融纺丝已经成为一个受欢迎的技术来处理这些大量复合材料纤维、报告生成的纤维组成的CNT-doped聚酰胺12 (<一个href="#B8">8</一个>),聚酰胺6 (<一个href="#B9">9</一个>),PMMA (<一个href="#B10">10</一个>)、聚丙烯(<一个href="#B11">11</一个>]。此外,问/聚乙烯醇复合纤维(PVAc)通过湿纺生产(<一个href="#B3">3</一个>,<gydF4y2Ba一个href="#B12">12</一个>)和CNT-doped聚丙交酯(PLA) (<一个href="#B13">13</一个>)和聚苯乙烯(<一个href="#B14">14</一个>通过电纺。最近工作Pabba et al。<一个href="#B5">5</一个>,<gydF4y2Ba一个href="#B15">15</一个>)技术在粘性问/ PMMA的解决方案是手动刷microfabricated柱阵列形成网络的微纳米级解决方案细丝,固化形成悬浮纤维。尽管这些纤维制造策略使大量纤维的生产,没有促进单个纤维的结构,可以精确定位在任何三维基质。这种限制强加限制下一代微电子学的设计,尤其是3 d功能。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>在这个调查,CNT-doped聚合物纤维三维精确定位的生产使用先前描述的直写技术(<一个href="#B16">16</一个>,<gydF4y2Ba一个href="#B17">17</一个>]。直写系统由micromanipulator-controlled注射器,编程模式数组衬底上的纤维。直写注射器首次加载测试解决方案和定位500<我>μ</gydF4y2Ba我>米玻璃衬底(图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jnm/2012/690301/fig1/" target="_blank">1(一)</一个>)。注射器被加压驱逐的吊坠滴解决方案,联系和坚持衬底(图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jnm/2012/690301/fig1/" target="_blank">1 (b)</一个>)。接下来,注射器解除1毫米和翻译横向扩展这个滴成丝的解决方案(图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jnm/2012/690301/fig1/" target="_blank">1 (c)</一个>)。光纤端点通过降低注射器成立后首次高度翻译,从而使吊坠下降使额外的接触点(图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jnm/2012/690301/fig1/" target="_blank">1 (d)</一个>)。与此同时,在扩展,解决纤维进行了表面tension-driven毛细管变薄,而溶剂蒸发促进了复合纤维的凝固。重复这个过程,数组创建复合纤维的系列“把点连起来”的方式。</gydF4y2Bap> <div class="partial-carousel-wrapper"> <div class="floats-partial-section"> <div class="floats-partial-content"> <div class="partial-carousel--full-image partial-carousel-8b67b9e4c1f0ed2b98c2f451e4c3f311"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="(一)gydF4y2Ba" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/jnm/volume-2012/690301/figures/690301.fig.001a.jpg"> <br> <strong>(一)</年代tr在g></d我v><d我vclass="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="(b)gydF4y2Ba" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/jnm/volume-2012/690301/figures/690301.fig.001b.jpg"> <br> <strong>(b)</年代tr在g></d我v><d我vclass="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="(c)gydF4y2Ba" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/jnm/volume-2012/690301/figures/690301.fig.001c.jpg"> <br> <strong>(c)</年代tr在g></d我v><d我vclass="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="(d)gydF4y2Ba" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/jnm/volume-2012/690301/figures/690301.fig.001d.jpg"> <br> <strong>(d)</年代tr在g></d我v></d我v> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs"> <div class="partial-carousel-dots-8b67b9e4c1f0ed2b98c2f451e4c3f311 partial-carousel-thumbnail"> <button aria-label="Slide to (a) " class="partial-carousel-dot"><img loading="lazy" alt="(一)gydF4y2Ba" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/jnm/volume-2012/690301/thumbnails/690301.fig.001a_th.jpg"><br><strong>(一)</年代tr在g></button> <button aria-label="Slide to (b) " class="partial-carousel-dot"><img loading="lazy" alt="(b)gydF4y2Ba" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/jnm/volume-2012/690301/thumbnails/690301.fig.001b_th.jpg"><br><strong>(b)</年代tr在g></button> <button aria-label="Slide to (c) " class="partial-carousel-dot"><img loading="lazy" alt="(c)gydF4y2Ba" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/jnm/volume-2012/690301/thumbnails/690301.fig.001c_th.jpg"><br><strong>(c)</年代tr在g></button> <button aria-label="Slide to (d) " class="partial-carousel-dot"><img loading="lazy" alt="(d)gydF4y2Ba" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/jnm/volume-2012/690301/thumbnails/690301.fig.001d_th.jpg"><br><strong>(d)</年代tr在g></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle--nav"> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev-8b67b9e4c1f0ed2b98c2f451e4c3f311 partial-carousel-next-prev"> <button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-prev"></button> <button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-next"></button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图1</年代pan> <a aria-label="View full page" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jnm/2012/690301/fig1/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>直写画CNT-doped聚合物纤维。(一)负载注射器CNT-doped溶剂化聚合物。(b)加压注射器驱逐接触衬底的解决方案。(c)注射器转换成所需的端点。(d)加压注射器建立第二个接触点。</td></tr></tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> <p>在我们以前的工作,我们表明,纤维的直径与直写系统仅从聚合物解决方案(即。,没有依赖于碳纳米管)解决方案属性和直写系统参数。具体来说,纤维直径随着粘度的增加而增加,增加溶剂蒸发速度,降低表面张力,减少纤维长度,减少光纤拉丝速度(<一个href="#B16">16</一个>,<gydF4y2Ba一个href="#B17">17</一个>]。不幸的是,这些关系的适用性的限制假设聚合物溶液表现“Newtonian-like”的方式(即。,th一个tthec一个pillary velocity of the solution, defined as the ratio of surface tension to viscosity, remains constant over the course of direct-write processing). Although some polymer solutions were found to meet this criterion, this critical assumption represents a significant shortcoming for the previously described model. Therefore, the purpose of the current investigation is to extend the direct-write technique to CNT/polymer composites and determine how the non-Newtonian nature of these materials affects direct-write outcomes.</p> <h4 id="materials-and-methods">2。材料和方法</h4><h5gydF4y2Baid="sec2.1">2.1。解决方案准备</h5><gydF4y2Bap>解决方案包含1%碳纳米管是由溶解24%或26% (wt)聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯)(PMMA) (Sigma-Aldrich,圣路易斯,密苏里州,MW = 996000克/摩尔)在氯苯溶液与微管(MWNTs)(浓缩的补充。= 10毫克/毫升)功能化保持说法的氯苯(Zyvex NanoSolve,理查森,TX)。一旦干,24%和26%的解决方案会产生固体PMMA为4.0%或3.7%碳纳米管,分别。控制解决方案不含碳纳米管是由溶解24或26% (wt) PMMA纯氯苯。</gydF4y2Bap> <h5 id="sec2.2">2.2。解决方案描述</h5><gydF4y2Bap>轴向应变的影响对外延确定粘度PMMA的解决方案,没有添加碳纳米管。分手毛细管流变仪(棒)、(热Haake 1,热电子公司)是用来测量中点直径,<年代vghe我ght="14.7125" id="M1" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt;width:45.412498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 45.412498 14.7125" width="45.412498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.23)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.07,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 米</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> 我</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.2421122" y="0"> d</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-47.96,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>丝的每个测试的解决方案,因为他们经验丰富的表面tension-driven变薄。这些细丝是由拉伸圆柱体的近乎即时的方式每个解决方案(<年代vghe我ght="14.7125" id="M2" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt;width:69.4375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 69.4375 14.7125" width="69.4375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.23)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-68.04,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 年代</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.3432641" y="0"> t</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.77632" y="0"> r</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.6732321" y="0"> e</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="12.480352" y="0"> t</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="14.913408" y="0"> c</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="18.659264" y="0"> h</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-41.04,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 2</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> 0</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>ms)从2毫米的长度到8毫米的长度。中点拉长丝的直径不断监控与激光测微计10秒钟采样率为3000 Hz。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>中点直径棒采集的数据进行了分析,以确定轴向应变率,<年代vghe我ght="10.0125" id="M3" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt;width:7.6875px;" version="1.1" 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style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.64" y="-17.969999"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.291595" y="-17.969999"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,233.03,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 米</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> 我</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.2421122" y="0"> d</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,249.23,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代pan> </text> <g> <path d="m 216.51,57.39 44.97,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,233.71,45.51)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.959999" y="-8.75"> 。</t年代pan> <tspan 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y="0"> t</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>测试解决方案的使用(<一个href="#B19">19</一个>]:<gydF4y2Ba年代pan class="equation" id="EEq2"> <svg height="35.924999" id="M6" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 35.924999" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,35.925)"> <g transform="translate(72,-43.26)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,146.58,55.27)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,152.33,52.15)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> e</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.702096" y="0"> x</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.0780964" y="0"> t</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,166.81,55.27)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.23" y="-8.2299995"> (</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.393499" y="-8.2299995"> 4</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.420666" y="-8.2299995"> ⋅</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.77219" y="-8.2299995"> 0</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.023689" y="-8.2299995"> 。</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.149441" y="-8.2299995"> 7</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="48.40094" y="-8.2299995"> 1</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="54.652439" y="-8.2299995"> 2</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="60.903938" y="-8.2299995"> 7</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="69.943611" y="-8.2299995"> −</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="81.283829" y="-8.2299995"> 2</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="87.535332" y="-8.2299995"> )</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="93.774323" y="-8.2299995"> </t年代pan> </text> <g> <path d="m 180.04,58.4 87.9,0" 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</svg>是绘制轴向应变率的函数在棒实验来确定应变速率拉伸粘度的依赖程度。的依赖<年代vghe我ght="11.0375" id="M8" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt;width:21.075001px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 21.075001 11.0375" width="21.075001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.17)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-66.2,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> e</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.7108481" y="0"> x</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.0868483" y="0"> t</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>在<年代vghe我ght="10.0125" id="M9" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt;width:7.6875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 7.6875 10.0125" width="7.6875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.0125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.99)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-66.05,64.17)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ̇</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-5.8889132" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>是量化,以确定是否有任何具体的变薄(或增厚)的测试解决方案明显,表明非牛顿行为在拉伸流(<一个href="#B19">19</一个>]。通过Wilhelmy表面张力测定技术(<一个href="#B20">20.</一个>),溶剂质量传递系数是衡量使用热重分析(TGA)、如前所述[<一个href="#B16">16</一个>]。</gydF4y2Bap> <h5 id="sec2.3">2.3。直写纤维制造</h5><gydF4y2Bap>纤维被吸引到三个不同的长度(4、8、16毫米)的速度从每个测试解决方案的20 mm / s,这是发现在以往的研究工作(<一个href="#B16">16</一个>,<gydF4y2Ba一个href="#B21">21</一个>]。总共8画试图为每个解决方案和长度。注射器是加压驱逐大约20的恒流<年代vghe我ght="9.6750002" id="M10" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:9.6374998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.6374998 9.6750002" width="9.6374998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,9.675)"> <g transform="translate(72,-64.26)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>通过22计针(L / min身份证= 394<年代vghe我ght="9.6750002" id="M11" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:9.6374998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.6374998 9.6750002" width="9.6374998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,9.675)"> <g transform="translate(72,-64.26)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>米)。图后,每个数组是涂上薄薄的一层(<年代vghe我ght="9.125" id="M12" style="vertical-align:-0.11285pt;width:5.0124998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 5.0124998 9.125" width="5.0124998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,9.125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-64.7)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.86)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>= 10到20 nm)金/钯合金和每个纤维的直径在三个位置(测量中点和200年<我>μ</gydF4y2Ba我>从两端)使用扫描电子显微镜(SEM) (Thornwood蔡司上35副总裁,纽约)。制程良率是由计算完整的纤维,纤维的比例画的尝试。</gydF4y2Bap> <h5 id="sec2.4">2.4。电传输测量</h5><gydF4y2Bap>MWNT-doped纤维的导电性测量量化沿着纤维电传输。每个纤维的末端与银漆金属化,减少接触电阻,每个纤维的阻力进行了分析和高度敏感的参数分析仪(安捷伦4156年,圣克拉拉,CA)。每个计算了纤维的导电性<年代pan class="equation" id="EEq3"> <svg height="42.5625" id="M13" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 42.5625" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,42.5625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-37.95)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,166.42,56.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.640533" y="0"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="46.23" y="-7.25"> 4</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="52.481499" y="-7.25"> </t年代pan> </text> <g> <path d="m 192.3,59.37 55.8,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,192.3,43.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.85" y="2.51"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.709999" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.2522202" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,224.88,39.91)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 一个</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.6145761" y="0"> v</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="7.622992" y="0"> g</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,237.37,40.52)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,243.22,50.57)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,249.29,56.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="224.83" y="4.4000001"> (</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="228.9935" y="4.4000001"> 3</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="235.245" y="4.4000001"> )</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span>在哪里<年代vghe我ght="10.75" id="M14" style="vertical-align:-0.15048pt;width:11.9125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.9125 10.75" width="11.9125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.75)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.4)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>电导率,<年代vghe我ght="10.325" id="M15" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:11.1875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.1875 10.325" width="11.1875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>纤维的长度,<年代vghe我ght="10.325" id="M16" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:11.6875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.6875 10.325" width="11.6875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>是测量纤维电阻,<年代vghe我ght="16.625" id="M17" style="vertical-align:-5.04861pt;width:28.0875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 28.0875 16.625" width="28.0875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-58.7)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.07,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 一个</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.605824" y="0"> v</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="7.6142402" y="0"> g</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>平均纤维直径(<一个href="#B22">22</一个>]。</gydF4y2Bap> <h5 id="sec2.5">2.5。横截面成像</h5><gydF4y2Bap>截面的纤维从每个测试解决方案与扫描电镜检查来确定纤维的均匀性。纤维在液态氮冷冻1分钟,用刀片裂解,并涂上薄薄的一层(<年代vghe我ght="9.125" id="M18" style="vertical-align:-0.11285pt;width:5.0124998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 5.0124998 9.125" width="5.0124998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,9.125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-64.7)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.86)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>= 10到20 nm)的前gold-palladium成像。图像被用来确定问聚合的水平和分布在纤维内。</gydF4y2Bap> <h4 id="results-and-discussion">3所示。结果与讨论</h4><h5gydF4y2Baid="sec3.1">3.1。解决方案描述</h5><gydF4y2Bap>解决方案包含PMMA和碳纳米管被发现具有表面张力略高于纯氯苯(<年代vghe我ght="6.9875002" id="M19" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt;width:9.3000002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.3000002 6.9875002" width="9.3000002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,6.9875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-66.41)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>= 33.28 mN / m在20°C)。碳纳米管的存在的解决方案被发现没有显著影响表面张力的PMMA的解决方案(表<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jnm/2012/690301/tab1/" target="_blank">1</一个>)。包含碳纳米管在测试解决方案被发现阻碍蒸发氯苯的解决方案就是明证降低传质系数的值。</gydF4y2Bap> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="tab1"> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">表1</年代pan> <a aria-label="View full page" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jnm/2012/690301/tab1/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> 表面张力和传质系数的测试解决方案。</d我v><一个cl一个年代年代="table-thumb-overlay" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jnm/2012/690301/tab1" target="_blank" aria-label="View full page"></a> </div> </div> <p>棒是利用瞬间的每个测试解决方案扩展到液体桥梁与初始纵横比(<年代vghe我ght="10.9125" id="M28" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:28.112499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 28.112499 10.9125" width="28.112499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.8521242" y="0"> /</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.327958" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)约为2.7。这些液体的直径桥梁,<年代vghe我ght="14.7125" id="M29" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt;width:45.412498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 45.412498 14.7125" width="45.412498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.23)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.07,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 米</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> 我</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.2421122" y="0"> d</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-47.96,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>为10秒,监控表面tension-driven稀疏的发生(图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jnm/2012/690301/fig2/" target="_blank">2(一个)</一个>)。这个图说明解决方案更快没有观察到碳纳米管薄24%比1%碳纳米管和PMMA的解决方案没有碳纳米管减少速度比相应的26% PMMA的解决方案。两种解决方案以1%碳纳米管以大约相同的速度减少,这表明碳纳米管的存在的表面tension-driven变薄的主导因素是这些解决方案。测量<年代vghe我ght="14.7125" id="M30" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt;width:45.412498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 45.412498 14.7125" width="45.412498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.23)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.07,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 米</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> 我</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.2421122" y="0"> d</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-47.96,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>使用(<一个href="#EEq1">1</一个>)和(<一个href="#EEq2">2</一个>从表)和数据<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jnm/2012/690301/tab1/" target="_blank">1</一个>计算<年代vghe我ght="10.0125" id="M31" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt;width:7.6875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 7.6875 10.0125" width="7.6875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.0125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.99)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-66.05,64.17)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ̇</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-5.8889132" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<年代vghe我ght="11.0375" id="M32" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt;width:21.075001px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 21.075001 11.0375" width="21.075001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.17)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-66.2,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> e</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.7108481" y="0"> x</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.0868483" y="0"> t</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>绘制在图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jnm/2012/690301/fig2/" target="_blank">2 (b)</一个>。不幸的是,棒仪器才能够应用范围有限的轴向应变率的测试解决方案和范围不同(即为每个解决方案。,每个曲线在图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jnm/2012/690301/fig2/" target="_blank">2 (b)</一个>是一个小范围的应变率,使解决方案之间的比较更加困难)。然而,基于此数据有限,似乎问复合材料剪切稀化经验,而外延粘度PMMA-only的解决方案是剪切速率的相对独立。</gydF4y2Bap> <div class="partial-carousel-wrapper"> <div class="floats-partial-section"> <div class="floats-partial-content"> <div class="partial-carousel--full-image partial-carousel-10dee8062e9a79cb205b39b031cc114b"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="(一)gydF4y2Ba" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/jnm/volume-2012/690301/figures/690301.fig.002a.jpg"> <br> <strong>(一)</年代tr在g></d我v><d我vclass="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="(b)gydF4y2Ba" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/jnm/volume-2012/690301/figures/690301.fig.002b.jpg"> <br> <strong>(b)</年代tr在g></d我v></d我v> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs"> <div class="partial-carousel-dots-10dee8062e9a79cb205b39b031cc114b partial-carousel-thumbnail"> <button aria-label="Slide to (a) " class="partial-carousel-dot"><img loading="lazy" alt="(一)gydF4y2Ba" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/jnm/volume-2012/690301/thumbnails/690301.fig.002a_th.jpg"><br><strong>(一)</年代tr在g></button> <button aria-label="Slide to (b) " class="partial-carousel-dot"><img loading="lazy" alt="(b)gydF4y2Ba" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/jnm/volume-2012/690301/thumbnails/690301.fig.002b_th.jpg"><br><strong>(b)</年代tr在g></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle--nav"> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev-10dee8062e9a79cb205b39b031cc114b partial-carousel-next-prev"> <button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-prev"></button> <button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-next"></button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图2</年代pan> <a aria-label="View full page" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jnm/2012/690301/fig2/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>(一)投棒数据说明表面tension-driven稀疏的测试解决方案作为时间的函数。(b)外延粘度的测试解决方案作为轴向应变率的函数中经验丰富的毛细血管变薄。</td></tr></tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> <h5 id="sec3.2">3.2。直写生产纤维</h5><gydF4y2Bap>成功采用直写过程产生CNT-doped纤维直径从7<年代vghe我ght="9.6750002" id="M33" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:9.6374998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.6374998 9.6750002" width="9.6374998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,9.675)"> <g transform="translate(72,-64.26)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>超过100<年代vghe我ght="9.6750002" id="M34" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:9.6374998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.6374998 9.6750002" width="9.6374998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,9.675)"> <g transform="translate(72,-64.26)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>m(图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jnm/2012/690301/fig3/" target="_blank">3</一个>)。纤维直径的数据图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jnm/2012/690301/fig4/" target="_blank">4(一)</一个>。方差分析分析这些数据确定纤维直径增加而提高PMMA浓度(<年代vghe我ght="11.0625" id="M35" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt;width:63.962502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 63.962502 11.0625" width="63.962502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.15)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.890113" y="0"> <</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.930502" y="0"> 0</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.182001" y="0"> 。</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.307751" y="0"> 0</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.559254" y="0"> 0</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="44.810753" y="0"> 1</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)和减少长度(<年代vghe我ght="11.0625" id="M36" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt;width:63.962502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 63.962502 11.0625" width="63.962502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.15)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.890113" y="0"> <</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.930502" y="0"> 0</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.182001" y="0"> 。</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.307751" y="0"> 0</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.559254" y="0"> 0</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="44.810753" y="0"> 1</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)。然而,1%的碳纳米管的存在并没有显著影响纤维直径(<年代vghe我ght="10.9125" id="M37" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:48.337502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 48.337502 10.9125" width="48.337502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.890113" y="0"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.930502" y="0"> 0</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.182001" y="0"> 。</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.307751" y="0"> 2</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)除了4毫米长纤维的聚合物溶液(24%<年代vghe我ght="11.25" id="M38" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt;width:63.962502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 63.962502 11.25" width="63.962502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.25)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.890113" y="0"> <</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.930502" y="0"> 0</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.182001" y="0"> 。</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.307751" y="0"> 0</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.559254" y="0"> 0</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="44.810753" y="0"> 5</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)。配对<我>t</gydF4y2Ba我>以及分析证实,该纤维具有显著较小直径中途沿其长度相对于他们的目的(<年代vghe我ght="11.0625" id="M39" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt;width:63.962502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 63.962502 11.0625" width="63.962502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.15)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.890113" y="0"> <</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.930502" y="0"> 0</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.182001" y="0"> 。</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.307751" y="0"> 0</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.559254" y="0"> 0</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="44.810753" y="0"> 1</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)。同时,纤维的图纸在哪里开始明显小于结束绘图完成后(<年代vghe我ght="11.0625" id="M40" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt;width:63.962502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 63.962502 11.0625" width="63.962502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.15)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.890113" y="0"> <</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.930502" y="0"> 0</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.182001" y="0"> 。</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.307751" y="0"> 0</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.559254" y="0"> 0</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="44.810753" y="0"> 1</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)。的平均变异系数(直径标准偏差/平均直径)对所有纤维沿纤维长度是34%。直写过程的制程良率超过85%在所有测试条件下(图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jnm/2012/690301/fig4/" target="_blank">4 (b)</一个>)。</gydF4y2Bap> <div class="partial-carousel-wrapper"> <div class="floats-partial-section"> <div class="floats-partial-content"> <div class="partial-carousel--full-image partial-carousel-ca5bb60f3997b6a51014b409caa5c7d6"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="(一)gydF4y2Ba" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/jnm/volume-2012/690301/figures/690301.fig.003a.jpg"> <br> <strong>(一)</年代tr在g></d我v><d我vclass="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="(b)gydF4y2Ba" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/jnm/volume-2012/690301/figures/690301.fig.003b.jpg"> <br> <strong>(b)</年代tr在g></d我v><d我vclass="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="(c)gydF4y2Ba" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/jnm/volume-2012/690301/figures/690301.fig.003c.jpg"> <br> <strong>(c)</年代tr在g></d我v></d我v> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs"> <div class="partial-carousel-dots-ca5bb60f3997b6a51014b409caa5c7d6 partial-carousel-thumbnail"> <button aria-label="Slide to (a) " class="partial-carousel-dot"><img loading="lazy" alt="(一)gydF4y2Ba" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/jnm/volume-2012/690301/thumbnails/690301.fig.003a_th.jpg"><br><strong>(一)</年代tr在g></button> <button aria-label="Slide to (b) " class="partial-carousel-dot"><img loading="lazy" alt="(b)gydF4y2Ba" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/jnm/volume-2012/690301/thumbnails/690301.fig.003b_th.jpg"><br><strong>(b)</年代tr在g></button> <button aria-label="Slide to (c) " class="partial-carousel-dot"><img loading="lazy" alt="(c)gydF4y2Ba" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/jnm/volume-2012/690301/thumbnails/690301.fig.003c_th.jpg"><br><strong>(c)</年代tr在g></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle--nav"> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev-ca5bb60f3997b6a51014b409caa5c7d6 partial-carousel-next-prev"> <button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-prev"></button> <button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-next"></button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图3</年代pan> <a aria-label="View full page" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jnm/2012/690301/fig3/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>纤维与直写制作过程。(一)多个平行纤维。(b)的纤维与银膏金属化。(c)测试纤维不同长度的数组。纤维出现深色的差异(c)扫描电镜成像的对比。</td></tr></tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="partial-carousel-wrapper"> <div class="floats-partial-section"> <div class="floats-partial-content"> <div class="partial-carousel--full-image partial-carousel-5b3f733aa6aa86f6bfc220e118d78656"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="(一)gydF4y2Ba" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/jnm/volume-2012/690301/figures/690301.fig.004a.jpg"> <br> <strong>(一)</年代tr在g></d我v><d我vclass="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="(b)gydF4y2Ba" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/jnm/volume-2012/690301/figures/690301.fig.004b.jpg"> <br> <strong>(b)</年代tr在g></d我v><d我vclass="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="(c)gydF4y2Ba" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/jnm/volume-2012/690301/figures/690301.fig.004c.jpg"> <br> <strong>(c)</年代tr在g></d我v></d我v> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs"> <div class="partial-carousel-dots-5b3f733aa6aa86f6bfc220e118d78656 partial-carousel-thumbnail"> <button aria-label="Slide to (a) " class="partial-carousel-dot"><img loading="lazy" alt="(一)gydF4y2Ba" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/jnm/volume-2012/690301/thumbnails/690301.fig.004a_th.jpg"><br><strong>(一)</年代tr在g></button> <button aria-label="Slide to (b) " class="partial-carousel-dot"><img loading="lazy" alt="(b)gydF4y2Ba" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/jnm/volume-2012/690301/thumbnails/690301.fig.004b_th.jpg"><br><strong>(b)</年代tr在g></button> <button aria-label="Slide to (c) " class="partial-carousel-dot"><img loading="lazy" alt="(c)gydF4y2Ba" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/jnm/volume-2012/690301/thumbnails/690301.fig.004c_th.jpg"><br><strong>(c)</年代tr在g></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle--nav"> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev-5b3f733aa6aa86f6bfc220e118d78656 partial-carousel-next-prev"> <button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-prev"></button> <button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-next"></button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图4</年代pan> <a aria-label="View full page" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jnm/2012/690301/fig4/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>纤维直径纤维长度的函数,采用溶胶浓度、问浓度。酒吧表示标准偏差和错误<年代vghe我ght="10.9125" id="M41" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 35.099998 10.9125" width="35.099998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.6773224" y="0"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.71771" y="0"> 8</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。(b)直写收益率的函数PMMA CNT浓度和浓度。(c)轴向应变的解决方案由运动的直写系统图纸长度的函数,预测的(<一个href="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/jnm/volume-2012/690301/figures/690301/">4</一个>)。</td></tr></tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> <p>测试溶液流变学的表征表明CNT-doped应变减少暴露在轴向应变解决方案经验,而nondoped解决方案的行为更牛顿的方式,即使在高应变率(图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jnm/2012/690301/fig2/" target="_blank">2 (b)</一个>)。类似的趋势由Rahatekar等人观察到,他们得出结论:环氧掺杂碳纳米管将薄暴露在剪应变率增加,直到渐近方法纯环氧树脂的粘度(<一个href="#B23">23</一个>]。虽然投棒系统不能够诱导高轴向应变率(<年代vghe我ght="11.0625" id="M42" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt;width:46.612499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 46.612499 11.0625" width="46.612499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.15)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-66.05,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ̇</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-5.8889132" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="3.6133671" y="0"> ></t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.653756" y="0"> 0</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.905256" y="0"> 。</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.031006" y="0"> 1</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>CNT-doped解决方案),曲线的方向图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jnm/2012/690301/fig2/" target="_blank">2 (b)</一个>表明可能存在(也就是这样一个渐近关系。,theexten年代我在一个lviscosity of the CNT-doped solutions could approach that of the pure PMMA solutions if axial strain rate was increased).</p> <p>在直写画,解决方案经验由于表面轴向应变tension-driven稀疏的方式类似于投棒实验。然而,直写注射器的运动,这对解决方案施加额外的轴向应变,增强应变。这个压力的大小由直写注射器的运动产生的,<年代vghe我ght="11.05" id="M43" style="vertical-align:-3.23158pt;width:26.125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 26.125 11.05" width="26.125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.05)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.16)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.9,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> D</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.99512" y="0"> W</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,是由<一个href="#B24">24</一个>]:<gydF4y2Ba年代pan class="equation" id="EEq4"> <svg height="38.575001" id="M44" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 38.575001" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,38.575)"> <g transform="translate(72,-41.14)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,159.55,53.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,165.6,50.32)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> D</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.99512" y="0"> W</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,183.82,53.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.93" y="7.3299999"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> l</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.50372" y="0"> n</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.509998" y="-8.2200003"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="47.437622" y="-8.2200003"> (</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="51.60112" y="-8.2200003"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="55.514561" y="-8.2200003"> )</t年代pan> </text> <g> <path d="m 220.33,56.57 23.17,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,225.05,44.69)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,233.9,41.57)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,244.7,46.12)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.46" y="-7.3299999"> ,</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="229.42" y="-7.3299999"> (</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="233.5835" y="-7.3299999"> 4</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="239.83499" y="-7.3299999"> )</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span>在哪里<年代vghe我ght="13.45" id="M45" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:26.487499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 26.487499 13.45" width="26.487499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.45)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.8521242" y="0"> (</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.015623" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.929062" y="0"> )</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>直写的长度纤维作为吸引和<年代vghe我ght="14.3875" id="M46" style="vertical-align:-3.25793pt;width:17.2875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.2875 14.3875" width="17.2875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.49)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.1,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>解决方案的初始长度滴在画前直写注射器(<年代vghe我ght="14.75" id="M47" style="vertical-align:-3.25793pt;width:60.112499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 60.112499 14.75" width="60.112499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.75)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.2)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.1,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-54.75,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ≈</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 3</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> 9</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.530886" y="0"> 4</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg><i>μ</我>米)。方程(<一个href="#EEq4">4</一个>)是有区别的直写获得的轴向应变率的过程:<年代pan class="equation" id="EEq5"> <svg height="34.674999" id="M48" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 34.674999" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,34.675)"> <g transform="translate(72,-44.26)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,166.71,55.27)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ̇</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-5.9014158" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,166.86,52.15)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> D</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.9863682" y="0"> W</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,185.08,55.27)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.690001" y="-7.25"> 1</t年代pan> </text> <g> <path d="m 198.31,58.4 23.18,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,198.31,46.52)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.927622" y="0"> (</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.091121" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.00456" y="0"> )</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.57" y="-16.969999"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.221596" y="-16.969999"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="43.14922" y="-16.969999"> (</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="47.312717" y="-16.969999"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="51.226154" y="-16.969999"> )</t年代pan> </text> <g> <path d="m 223.88,58.4 29.83,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,233.51,46.52)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.389999" y="-8.75"> ,</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.6515961" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="240.61" y="-8.4899998"> (</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="244.7735" y="-8.4899998"> 5</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="251.02499" y="-8.4899998"> )</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span>在哪里<年代vghe我ght="13.45" id="M49" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:52.362499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 52.362499 13.45" width="52.362499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.45)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.6515961" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.50372" y="0"> (</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.667219" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.580658" y="0"> )</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.744158" y="0"> /</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.219992" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.871586" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>是直写系统的绘制速度。图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jnm/2012/690301/fig4/" target="_blank">4 (c)</一个>说明了轴向应变速率的大小产生的纤维直写过程制定的16毫米长度20 mm / s的速度测试。比较这些产生的轴向应变率与棒(图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jnm/2012/690301/fig2/" target="_blank">2 (b)</一个>),它的大小表示轴向应变率在表面tension-driven变薄,表明绘画过程的运动影响轴向应变率的近似数量级比表面tension-driven稀疏单独运动。此外,在直写过程中遇到的轴向应变率可能足够大薄CNT-doped解决方案到渐近政权<年代vghe我ght="11.0375" id="M50" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt;width:21.075001px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 21.075001 11.0375" width="21.075001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.17)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-66.2,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> e</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.7108481" y="0"> x</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.0868483" y="0"> t</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>方法<年代vghe我ght="11.0375" id="M51" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt;width:21.075001px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 21.075001 11.0375" width="21.075001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.17)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-66.2,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> e</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.7108481" y="0"> x</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.0868483" y="0"> t</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>均聚物的系统,提供了一个可能的解释为什么问浓度显示没有影响纤维直径,除了在最短的情况下纤维(即。应用应变)最低,低聚合物浓度(即。,更无掺杂的稀疏的解决方案)。</gydF4y2Bap> <h5 id="sec3.3">3.3。纤维电导率</h5><gydF4y2Bap>这是观察到电导随PMMA浓度增加(图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jnm/2012/690301/fig5/" target="_blank">5(一个)</一个>),但它不是统计学意义(<年代vghe我ght="10.9125" id="M52" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:48.337502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 48.337502 10.9125" width="48.337502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.890113" y="0"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.930502" y="0"> 0</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.182001" y="0"> 。</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.307751" y="0"> 1</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)。纤维长度被发现不明显影响导电率,表明延长纤维(从4毫米,16毫米)没有引起重大变化CNT /聚合物矩阵架构。横断面影像代表纤维来自每个测试解决方案的说明问水平分散在纤维内,如图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jnm/2012/690301/fig5/" target="_blank">5 (b)</一个>和<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jnm/2012/690301/fig5/" target="_blank">5 (c)</一个>。一般来说,导电率的大小与之前报道了PMMA / CNT复合纤维(<一个href="#B4">4</一个>]。</gydF4y2Bap> <div class="partial-carousel-wrapper"> <div class="floats-partial-section"> <div class="floats-partial-content"> <div class="partial-carousel--full-image partial-carousel-16eb6ff865687f610d6bfc368ab6c826"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="(一)gydF4y2Ba" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/jnm/volume-2012/690301/figures/690301.fig.005a.jpg"> <br> <strong>(一)</年代tr在g></d我v><d我vclass="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="(b)gydF4y2Ba" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/jnm/volume-2012/690301/figures/690301.fig.005b.jpg"> <br> <strong>(b)</年代tr在g></d我v><d我vclass="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="(c)gydF4y2Ba" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/jnm/volume-2012/690301/figures/690301.fig.005c.jpg"> <br> <strong>(c)</年代tr在g></d我v></d我v> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs"> <div class="partial-carousel-dots-16eb6ff865687f610d6bfc368ab6c826 partial-carousel-thumbnail"> <button aria-label="Slide to (a) " class="partial-carousel-dot"><img loading="lazy" alt="(一)gydF4y2Ba" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/jnm/volume-2012/690301/thumbnails/690301.fig.005a_th.jpg"><br><strong>(一)</年代tr在g></button> <button aria-label="Slide to (b) " class="partial-carousel-dot"><img loading="lazy" alt="(b)gydF4y2Ba" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/jnm/volume-2012/690301/thumbnails/690301.fig.005b_th.jpg"><br><strong>(b)</年代tr在g></button> <button aria-label="Slide to (c) " class="partial-carousel-dot"><img loading="lazy" alt="(c)gydF4y2Ba" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/jnm/volume-2012/690301/thumbnails/690301.fig.005c_th.jpg"><br><strong>(c)</年代tr在g></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle--nav"> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev-16eb6ff865687f610d6bfc368ab6c826 partial-carousel-next-prev"> <button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-prev"></button> <button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-next"></button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图5</年代pan> <a aria-label="View full page" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jnm/2012/690301/fig5/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>(一)电导率溶胶浓度的函数。(b)横断面图像纤维来自24%的PMMA / CNT 1%解决方案。(c)横断面图像纤维来自26%的PMMA / CNT 1%解决方案。规模的酒吧(b)和(c) 1<我>μ</gydF4y2Ba我>米。</td></tr></tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> <h4 id="conclusions">4所示。结论</h4><gydF4y2Bap>数组CNT-doped PMMA纤维被成功使用直写方法。这种发展使生产导电复合纤维的精确定位,从而促进点对点连接器的制造<我>原位</我>。直接写复合纤维具有直径从7<我>μ</gydF4y2Ba我>超过100<我>μ</gydF4y2Ba我>米和一般生产过程收益率超过85%。纤维直径随着PMMA浓度降低纤维长度的增加而增加。流变数据的分析表明,CNT-doped解决方案经验显著减少外延粘度暴露在应变率符合这些强加的直写过程。导电率没有明显影响PMMA浓度或纤维长度和纤维导率高达0.1 Sm<年代up>−1</年代up>是捏造的。</gydF4y2Bap> <h4 id="acknowledgments">确认</h4><gydF4y2Bap>本文中给出的工作是由美国国家科学基金会NIRT程序(ecs - 0506941), NSF PFI项目(eec - 0438604),国家航空和宇宙航行局合作协议(ncc5 - 571)。</gydF4y2Bap> </div> </div> <div class="ArticleReferences_xmlContent__p_40j"> <h4 class="ArticleReferences_references__GH2t_" id="references">引用</h4><gydF4y2Baol class="ArticleReferences_orderedReferences__mJr9M"> <li class="ArticleReferences_articleReference__ouEuh" 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