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no-repeat 6px;background-position:center;margin-top:10px;min-width:55px;display:none;} @media (min-width:768px){.hMPMVR .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .expand_btn{display:none;}} .hMPMVR .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-text{-webkit-flex:9;-ms-flex:9;flex:9;text-align:left;padding:21px 37px 10px 0px;font-size:16px;font-weight:700;} @media (min-width:768px){.hMPMVR .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-text{padding:19px 18px 10px 18px;}} @media (min-width:992px){.hMPMVR .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-text{padding:19px 21px 10px 21px;}} .hMPMVR .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption 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href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jmb/" aria-label="Journal of Marine Sciences">海洋科学杂志》</gydF4y2Baa>/<gydF4y2Baa class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-eitiEO jXeALb breadCrumb" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jmb/contents/year/2012/" aria-label="2012">2012年</gydF4y2Baa>/<gydF4y2Baspan class="sc-bhlBdH UVThf">文章</gydF4y2Baspan> </div> <div class="threeColumn__ThreeColumnWrapper-sc-1bf4078-0 dDyxFF threeColumnWrapper"> <div class="threeColumn__LeftWrapper-sc-1bf4078-1 fkVFlF leftWrapper"> <button type="button" class="sc-eKZiaR dzZrgS section__button " id="sectionButton"><span class="sc-htoDjs diutvq icon__dots dots__detector icon-colored _3n-7Ho7DlfjMlZbrRr9Q4a icon-themeable" title="" font-size="22"></span>文章部分</gydF4y2Babutton> <div class="sc-bEjcJn jLUVhb static_contents__section_links links__hidden "> <div id="leftSectionMenu" class="sc-cbkKFq prcY sc-bGbJRg dVCLgr left_section_menu"> <p>在这一页上</gydF4y2Bap> <span class="sc-likbZx bBmZJZ grey" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-ePZHVD ewHMLz" href="#abstract" aria-label="">文摘</gydF4y2Baa></span> <span class="sc-likbZx bBmZJZ grey" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-ePZHVD ewHMLz" href="#introduction" aria-label="">介绍</gydF4y2Baa></span> <span class="sc-likbZx bBmZJZ grey" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-ePZHVD ewHMLz" href="#methods" aria-label="">方法</gydF4y2Baa></span> <span class="sc-likbZx bBmZJZ grey" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-ePZHVD ewHMLz" href="#results" aria-label="">结果</gydF4y2Baa></span> <span class="sc-likbZx bBmZJZ grey" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-ePZHVD ewHMLz" href="#discussion" aria-label="">讨论</gydF4y2Baa></span> <span class="sc-likbZx bBmZJZ grey" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-ePZHVD ewHMLz" href="#references" aria-label="">引用</gydF4y2Baa></span> <span class="sc-likbZx bBmZJZ grey" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-ePZHVD ewHMLz" href="#copyright" aria-label="">版权</gydF4y2Baa></span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="threeColumn__ContentWrapper-sc-1bf4078-3 bbzREB contentWrapper"> <div class="threeColumn__Content-sc-1bf4078-4 jknsZc content"> <div class="articleContent__ArticleContentsWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-0 eSvjPB article_contents"> <div class="articleContent__ArticleContentsSectionsWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-1 jntdRu article_contents__sections_wrapper"> <div class="articleContent__ArticleWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-2 hAzjHP"> <div class="sc-chbbiW mBGSe article_header_class"> <p class="sc-kZmsYB bkiEfx article_type">研究文章|<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->开放获取</gydF4y2Bap> <div class="sc-RcBXQ ztvYg article_citation"> 体积<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> 2012年<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> <span class="sc-fZwumE cUsFHx">|</gydF4y2Baspan>文章的ID<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> 492308年<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> <span class="sc-fZwumE cUsFHx">|</gydF4y2Baspan> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-fQejPQ duuwge" href="https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/492308" aria-label="Doi-link">https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/492308</gydF4y2Baa> </div> <div class="sc-LKuAh lcOiDF article_full_citation"> <div class="sc-hzNEM gsmOCv isHide"> <p>内森·l·斯图尔特布伦达东部赫拉<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> ”<gydF4y2Baspan class="adjust-article-svg-size">海带森林和海胆荒漠:交替海獭猎物质量稳定状态及其影响在阿留申群岛</gydF4y2Baspan>”,<gydF4y2Ba!-- --><i>海洋科学杂志》</gydF4y2Bai>,<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> 卷。<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->2012年<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> 文章的ID<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->492308年<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> 12<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->   页面<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> 2012年<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->。<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/492308</gydF4y2Bap> </div> <button class="sc-hSdWYo etauus sc-iBEsjs kPshFw" color="">显示引用</gydF4y2Babutton> </div> <h1 class="sc-iRbamj jZOxOO sc-iSDuPN hHHqqR article_title adjust-article-svg-size heading-title">海带森林和海胆荒漠:交替海獭猎物质量稳定状态及其影响在阿留申群岛</gydF4y2Bah1> </div> <div class="sc-jrIrqw eHMFfo article_authors"> <hr class="sc-cEvuZC XkrFe hr__author"> <span class=""><b>内森·l·斯图尔特</gydF4y2Bab><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link" href="mailto:" aria-label="Mail Option"><span class="sc-htoDjs kNoiZu sc-hjRWVT irNWJI icon-colored _2zt-1j0LmaF8UjTQAM413G icon-themeable" title="" font-size="16"></span></a><sup>1</gydF4y2Basup>和</gydF4y2Baspan> <span class="">布伦达东部赫拉<gydF4y2Basup>2</gydF4y2Basup></span> <div class="sc-fHxwqH dMuGGA isHide"> <p><sup>1</gydF4y2Basup><span>渔业和海洋科学学院的阿拉斯加大学费尔班克斯,905 n . Koyukuk驱动器,245年奥尼尔,费尔班克斯,正义与发展党99775,美国</gydF4y2Baspan></p> <p><sup>2</gydF4y2Basup><span>全球海底研究单位,阿拉斯加大学费尔班克斯,905 n . Koyukuk驱动器,217年奥尼尔,费尔班克斯,正义与发展党99775,美国</gydF4y2Baspan></p> </div> <button class="sc-hSdWYo etauus sc-iQtOjA kfDwZY" color="">显示更多</gydF4y2Babutton> </div> <div class="articleContent__EditorWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-3 evMkvU"> <div class="articleContent__TextWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-8 fYrLtk"> <b>学术编辑器:</gydF4y2Bab>安德鲁McMinn</gydF4y2Badiv> <div class="articleContent__PublicationTimeLineWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-4 fjviok"> <div class="articleContent__PublcationCol-sc-2yl9jy-5 hgKieC notPublished"> <span class="articleContent__PublicationField-sc-2yl9jy-6 cIribm">收到了</gydF4y2Baspan> <span class="articleContent__PublicationValue-sc-2yl9jy-7 khHUcu">2011年8月11日</gydF4y2Baspan> </div> <div class="articleContent__PublcationCol-sc-2yl9jy-5 hgKieC notPublished"> <span class="articleContent__PublicationField-sc-2yl9jy-6 cIribm">修改后的</gydF4y2Baspan> <span class="articleContent__PublicationValue-sc-2yl9jy-7 khHUcu">2011年11月28日</gydF4y2Baspan> </div> <div class="articleContent__PublcationCol-sc-2yl9jy-5 hgKieC notPublished"> <span class="articleContent__PublicationField-sc-2yl9jy-6 cIribm">接受</gydF4y2Baspan> <span class="articleContent__PublicationValue-sc-2yl9jy-7 khHUcu">2011年11月29日</gydF4y2Baspan> </div> <div class="articleContent__PublcationCol-sc-2yl9jy-5 hgKieC isPublished"> <span class="articleContent__PublicationField-sc-2yl9jy-6 cIribm">发表</gydF4y2Baspan> <span class="articleContent__PublicationValue-sc-2yl9jy-7 khHUcu">2012年2月28日</gydF4y2Baspan> </div> </div> </div> <article class="sc-jtRlXQ hMPMVR article_body "> <div> <div class="xml-content"> <h4 class="header" id="abstract">文摘</gydF4y2Bah4> <p>Macroalgal交替和海胆贫瘠的社区稳定和坚持阿留申群岛由于海獭的存在和缺席。在1990年代早期快速水獭人口下降释放海胆捕食和转向决定引起的状态。尽管海胆丰度增加,水獭数字持续下降。尽管争论不休,猎物质量变化与水獭人口现状。这项研究调查了水獭的猎物丰富、大小、生物量、残余海带森林里和潜在的能量密度和决定社区来确定替代质量稳定状态影响的猎物。研究结果表明,尽管海胆荒野提供更多丰富的海胆的猎物,海胆个体更小并提供低生物量和潜在的能量密度比海带森林。转移到海胆荒野影响猎物质量但变化可能会被猎物密度增加,补偿不足解释在阿留申群岛水獭人口现状。</gydF4y2Bap> <span class="end-abs"></span> <h4 id="introduction">1。介绍</gydF4y2Bah4> <p>自然社区可以存在多个稳定的点在时间和空间<gydF4y2Baa href="#B69">1</gydF4y2Baa>]。稳定点具有特定结构和功能的物种组合的画风不同于其他组合,可以发生在相同的环境条件下。这些州nontransitory生态相关的持续时间尺度,因此认为是稳定平衡的域(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B55">2</gydF4y2Baa>,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B77">3</gydF4y2Baa>]。尽管多个稳定状态可以同时存在,社区通常从一个稳定状态转移到另一个备用,转变通常由大扰动直接用于转达了状态变量(例如,人口密度;(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B98">4</gydF4y2Baa>])。显著的变化关键物种的丰度被广泛引用的证据相移([<gydF4y2Baa href="#B7">5</gydF4y2Baa>,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B45">6</gydF4y2Baa>),但看到<gydF4y2Baa href="#B10">7</gydF4y2Baa>])和已经记录了两个实验<gydF4y2Baa href="#B84">8</gydF4y2Baa>和经验<gydF4y2Baa href="#B61">9</gydF4y2Baa>,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B79">10</gydF4y2Baa>在沿海海洋生态系统。一般来说,捕食者去除引起猎物社区转变使一个或几个藻或无脊椎动物竞争优势种增殖。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>在阿留申群岛生态研究中,密度的存在和缺乏海獭数量可以煽动状态变化两个交替之间稳定的近岸社区,一个由海带,另由海胆(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B38">11</gydF4y2Baa>- - - - - -<gydF4y2Baa href="#B94">13</gydF4y2Baa>]。与海獭,海胆减少稀疏的人群使海带蓬勃发展。海獭缺席,人口密集的海胆过度放牧和排除多叶的macroalgae。在1990年代早期,快速海獭数量下降(ca。每年25%)引起的转变交替在该地区的稳定状态,导致近岸岩石的生态系统是由海胆荒野和很大程度上缺乏macroalgae [<gydF4y2Baa href="#B35">14</gydF4y2Baa>]。尽管海胆生物量增加在下降(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B42">15</gydF4y2Baa>),海獭的数量持续下降(从ca。77435年的1990人增加到17036年的1997),一直保持在低密度(ca。每公里4.3水獭<gydF4y2Basup>2</gydF4y2Basup>1965年每公里0.5水獭<gydF4y2Basup>2</gydF4y2Basup>2000年)以来的二十年下降<gydF4y2Baa href="#B35">14</gydF4y2Baa>,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B29">16</gydF4y2Baa>,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B41">17</gydF4y2Baa>]。最初的下降的原因存在争议(从<gydF4y2Baa href="#B42">15</gydF4y2Baa>,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B95">18</gydF4y2Baa>,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B27">19</gydF4y2Baa>]),并体现在辩论中涉及两个完全不同的过程,自下而上和自上而下的强制<gydF4y2Baa href="#B80">20.</gydF4y2Baa>]。一般来说,自下而上迫使假说认为海獭下降是由于猎物的可用性或质量的变化(即。营养限制假说)。相比之下,自上而下的假说认为predator-mediated下降(即。虎鲸捕食假说)。海獭在人口饮食水平是不同的<gydF4y2Baa href="#B39">21</gydF4y2Baa>),认为营养应激引起的猎物质量的变化而不是猎物数量并没有得到充分的临床试验(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B63">22</gydF4y2Baa>]。营养限制是一种解释为斯特勒海狮的衰落(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B2">23</gydF4y2Baa>,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B101">24</gydF4y2Baa>)和其他海洋食肉动物(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B82">25</gydF4y2Baa>在北太平洋和白令海基于从能源丰富的猎物丰富的能源贫乏的猎物(垃圾食品假说;(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B2">23</gydF4y2Baa>,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B90">26</gydF4y2Baa>])。变化的程度之间的海带森林和海胆荒野影响猎物质量和这些变化是否可以启动海獭数量下降,继续限制海獭复苏的中部和西部的阿留申群岛仍有待评估。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>海带森林系统提供关键资源近岸海洋社区中部和西部的阿留申群岛和整个温带沿海地区(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B75">27</gydF4y2Baa>,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B21">28</gydF4y2Baa>]。主要资源包括物理结构(生境)和食品(包括直接和间接)。海带森林抑制波传播和可以减轻海岸侵蚀的相关流程,沉降,底栖生物生产力和招聘<gydF4y2Baa href="#B32">29日</gydF4y2Baa>]。此外,海带的树冠可以通过衰减影响种间竞争藻阳光(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B25">30.</gydF4y2Baa>和创建low-light-adapted物种的栖息地<gydF4y2Baa href="#B92">31日</gydF4y2Baa>]。macroalgal系统的结构复杂性提供了大量的固着动物和藻类(基础<gydF4y2Baa href="#B30">32</gydF4y2Baa>,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B33">33</gydF4y2Baa>)移动生物和栖息地的专业生活和饲料直接在海带或kelp-associated组合<gydF4y2Baa href="#B8">34</gydF4y2Baa>,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B14">35</gydF4y2Baa>]。虽然海带高效,营养物质主要是通过macroalgal碎屑(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B15">36</gydF4y2Baa>,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B31">37</gydF4y2Baa>),而相对较少的海带生产(≤10%)是直接食用,食草动物<gydF4y2Baa href="#B76">38</gydF4y2Baa>]。因此,海藻系统影响相关物种的丰度和生物量和减轻生态和海洋过程重要的养分转移到更高的营养水平。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>大规模海带森林砍伐会导致疾病,食草性或生理应激(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B30">32</gydF4y2Baa>,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B67">39</gydF4y2Baa>,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B66">40</gydF4y2Baa>]。在低纬度地区,周期性的海带森林砍伐森林的结果海洋异常温度,盐度,或营养,直接杀了海带或者引发疾病,成为致命的藻类(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B25">30.</gydF4y2Baa>,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B76">38</gydF4y2Baa>]。沿海气候变暖还会导致增加的食草性在低纬度地区<gydF4y2Baa href="#B54">41</gydF4y2Baa>- - - - - -<gydF4y2Baa href="#B73">43</gydF4y2Baa>]。相比之下,在高纬度地区海胆食草性一直是最常见的海带森林砍伐和代理,尽管海带形态和化学防御,经常导致贫瘠的形成理由(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B66">40</gydF4y2Baa>,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B16">44</gydF4y2Baa>- - - - - -<gydF4y2Baa href="#B70">47</gydF4y2Baa>]。密集的海胆放牧既有直接的,直接影响藻组合和众多复杂的间接影响更大的社区(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B38">11</gydF4y2Baa>,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B43">45</gydF4y2Baa>,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B60">48</gydF4y2Baa>]。尽管组成物种可能保持不变,海带森林和海胆贫瘠的系统支持特别是不同组合物种丰度、生物量、粒度分布、和个人卫生(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B42">15</gydF4y2Baa>,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B96">49</gydF4y2Baa>]。一般来说,相对较少的浅海底无脊椎动物成功海胆荒漠和海胆,竞争优势,可能食物([<gydF4y2Baa href="#B62">50</gydF4y2Baa>),但看到<gydF4y2Baa href="#B91">51</gydF4y2Baa>,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B53">52</gydF4y2Baa>])和规模有限<gydF4y2Baa href="#B93">53</gydF4y2Baa>,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B47">54</gydF4y2Baa>]。海胆大小限制在海胆荒野归因于海胆喂养聚合的自然组织(例如,较大的海胆铅喂养方面在海草床和小海胆占领相邻贫瘠的区域;(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B47">54</gydF4y2Baa>])和穷人的营养资源在荒野<gydF4y2Baa href="#B53">52</gydF4y2Baa>]。缺乏结构性生境复杂性与海胆荒漠会导致增加捕食,进一步影响猎物丰富,生物量和大小。实验研究与拴在螃蟹和鱼的观察性研究海藻床不同的复杂性表明,捕食率的函数两种海藻的存在和架构的复杂性。一般来说,更大更丰富的螃蟹和鱼与更复杂的藻结构(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B56">55</gydF4y2Baa>,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B52">56</gydF4y2Baa>]。因此栖息地缺乏海带港相比较小的猎物和相对非生产性和海带(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B94">13</gydF4y2Baa>]。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>转移到海胆贫瘠的稳定状态往往需要一个生态系统服务和功能损失(审查[<gydF4y2Baa href="#B45">6</gydF4y2Baa>])。这是在近岸,减少比例的海带荒野导致沿海消费者减少(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B31">37</gydF4y2Baa>],减少掠夺性海星之间交互的优势,他们的无脊椎动物的猎物<gydF4y2Baa href="#B103">57</gydF4y2Baa>),和改变鱼类丰度和饮食<gydF4y2Baa href="#B48">58</gydF4y2Baa>]。在阿留申群岛,海藻清除海胆秃鹰有负面的影响,glaucous-winged海鸥,benthic-feeding海鸭,麻斑海豹和鱼类丰度(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B38">11</gydF4y2Baa>,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B57">59</gydF4y2Baa>,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B89">60</gydF4y2Baa>),下降归因于贫困近岸能源回报,和海带森林栖息地的丧失。捕食者下降由相移与猎物资源减少许多近岸海洋系统(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B61">9</gydF4y2Baa>,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B87">61年</gydF4y2Baa>,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B78">62年</gydF4y2Baa>]。到目前为止,研究关注不同稳定状态主要使用捕食者丰富,饮食分析,或行为来描述级联效应与转向“着眼”国家(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B45">6</gydF4y2Baa>]。很少有研究直接关注个体属性变化与相移的猎物。明显的例外包括记录下降配子生产(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B68">63年</gydF4y2Baa>],猎物适口性[<gydF4y2Baa href="#B5">64年</gydF4y2Baa>),和改变增长率(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B102">65年</gydF4y2Baa>]。尽管一些研究海胆性腺指数测试用于食品限制在海胆<gydF4y2Baa href="#B62">50</gydF4y2Baa>,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B53">52</gydF4y2Baa>),没有研究到目前为止所描述的生物量的变化,大小,和潜在的能量密度与变化相关的猎物之间的海带森林(生产系统)和海胆荒野(低效生产转移到高效生产系统)。海胆展览已被证明在荒野上增长缓慢,而海藻床(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B71">66年</gydF4y2Baa>]。持久性的遗迹在当前的海带森林海胆贫瘠的主导稳定状态可能是由藻鞭打等物理过程(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B62">50</gydF4y2Baa>];然而这些社区的长期稳定在很大程度上是未知的。共存的残余海带森林和海胆在中部和西部荒野阿留申群岛提供了一个机会来评估猎物质量在每个社区和评估假设猎物质量变化了海獭下降,继续限制其复苏。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>本研究量化海獭猎物质量遗迹海带森林和海胆贫瘠的社区在纵向梯度的中部和西部的阿留申群岛确定猎物质量是影响相移,如果这些变化能轻松限制海獭的复苏。开发了三个假设:(1)剩余海带森林将提供更大的个人猎物生物量比海胆荒野,(2)海带森林将提供更大的猎物比海胆荒野单位面积上的能量密度,和(3)海獭觅食海带森林需要预测喂养努力满足日常能量需求低于海獭在海胆荒野觅食。测试这些假设,营养限制的可行性,海獭猎物丰富,生物量、大小和能量密度进行评估,然后与觅食海獭的每日能量成本和猎物的海獭范围值从其他地方人口增加或稳定。</gydF4y2Bap> <h4 id="methods">2。方法</gydF4y2Bah4> <p>本研究进行了中部和西部八点在阿拉斯加的阿留申群岛(图<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jmb/2012/492308/fig1/" target="_blank">1</gydF4y2Baa>)。研究跨越460海里纵向梯度,从Atka岛(52°20′6 n, 174°7′1 w),岛阿莱德山(52°45′2 n, 186°5′8 e),并取样2009年6月和2010年7月。网站(<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.9125" id="M1" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:35.099998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 35.099998 10.9125" width="35.099998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.6773224" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.71771" y="0"> 8</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)选择基于明确kelp-barren接口(≥30米长)包含密集的林下叶层海带(≥5叶柄<gydF4y2Bai>·</gydF4y2Bai>米<gydF4y2Basup>−2</gydF4y2Basup>)。网站在意味着海獭觅食的深度采样(10 - 15米,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B12">67年</gydF4y2Baa>])和由连续基岩或大型博得稳定基础。神秘的栖息地,如深部裂缝或松散堆积石块能窝藏小海獭猎物物种稀有或缺席。</gydF4y2Bap> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig1"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig1"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="492308.fig.001" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/jmb/volume-2012/492308/figures/492308.fig.001.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图1</gydF4y2Baspan> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jmb/2012/492308/fig1/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> 阿拉斯加阿留申群岛中部和西部的地图(插图),指示的八个岛屿采样研究。</gydF4y2Batable> </div> </div> </div> <p>来确定替代稳定状态社区提供类似的海獭猎物丰富,大小,和生物量,四十随机放置0.25米<gydF4y2Basup>2</gydF4y2Basup>样方取样在海胆荒野(<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.9125" id="M2" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:42.912498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 42.912498 10.9125" width="42.912498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.6773224" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.71771" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.969212" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)和相邻的海带森林(<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.9125" id="M3" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:42.912498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 42.912498 10.9125" width="42.912498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.6773224" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.71771" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.969212" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>在每个岛)。所有的海带叶柄,包括<gydF4y2Bai>昆布属植物saccharina, Agarum cribrosum</gydF4y2Bai>,<gydF4y2Bai>Thalassiophyllum clathrus</gydF4y2Bai>,<gydF4y2Bai>Cymathere一式三份,</gydF4y2Bai>和<gydF4y2Bai>昆布属植物yezoensis</gydF4y2Bai>之前,发生在样方统计在海带森林抽样,以确保最低海带密度要求得到满足。海獭猎物物种,其中包括海胆(<gydF4y2Bai>Strongylocentrotus polyacanthus)</gydF4y2Bai>贻贝(<gydF4y2Bai>Mytilus trossulus</gydF4y2Bai>),摇滚(<gydF4y2Bai>Pododesmus machrochisma</gydF4y2Bai>),不和谐的贻贝(<gydF4y2Bai>肌肉discors</gydF4y2Bai>),毛特里同(<gydF4y2Bai>Fusitriton oregonensis</gydF4y2Bai>),发生在样方统计。拟声唱法分析和震源的观测表明,这些物种在该地区占主导地位的海獭的猎物(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B94">13</gydF4y2Baa>,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B43">45</gydF4y2Baa>]。鱼类是海獭饮食在该地区的一个组成部分,但通常不喜欢猎物(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B43">45</gydF4y2Baa>,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B89">60</gydF4y2Baa>),在光滑的圆鳍鱼始终是情景在他们的贡献海獭的饮食<gydF4y2Baa href="#B105">68年</gydF4y2Baa>),因此不包括在分析中。猎物的大小是由测量的最大直径测试或壳线性每个样方内的所有遇到的猎物。除了在样方数量和尺寸的测量,海胆的次级样本(<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.9125" id="M4" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:42.912498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 42.912498 10.9125" width="42.912498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.6773224" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.71771" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.969212" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>/社区/岛)和其他猎物物种(<gydF4y2Basvg height="11.1" id="M5" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:35.099998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 35.099998 11.1" width="35.099998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.1)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.12)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.6773224" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.71771" y="0"> 5</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>/社区/岛由于低丰度)从每个样(ADFG允许没有收集。cf - 08 - 016和cf - 09 - 028)。只有最大的每个物种个体发生在收集样模拟大小选择性觅食行为表现出的海獭(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B83">69年</gydF4y2Baa>,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B36">70年</gydF4y2Baa>]。生物质每个猎物决心使用测试或shell-free湿重从收集猎物和表达g湿质量(WM) /个人。单位面积生物量(g WM<gydF4y2Bai>·</gydF4y2Bai>0.25米<gydF4y2Basup>−2</gydF4y2Basup>)使用特有的大小来计算生物量转换因子(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B26">71年</gydF4y2Baa>,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B81">72年</gydF4y2Baa>)和校准使用大小生物质值在本研究标本收集。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>来确定替代稳定状态社区提供类似的海獭猎物每个个人和单位面积上的能量密度,海獭猎物的卡路里含量是决定使用炸弹量热法。在准备灰重量和热量的内容分析,随机子样品的测试和shell-free湿样本收集猎物(<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.9125" id="M6" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:35.099998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 35.099998 10.9125" width="35.099998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.6773224" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.71771" y="0"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>每个物种/社区/岛)烤箱干110°24 h和细粉碎成粉末。灰化进行了马弗炉在500°4 h。减肥从灰化被认为是有机质含量和用来表达卡路里含量的无灰干重(AFDW)。均匀干燥样品形成颗粒,热量决定由帕尔模型6200 Isoperibol弹式热量计1108氧气瓶和6510水处理系统。能量从干物质(cal<gydF4y2Bai>·</gydF4y2Bai>g<gydF4y2Basup>−1</gydF4y2Basup>DM)然后乘以湿的干物质质量的比例来表达潜在的能量密度的湿质量(千卡g<gydF4y2Basup>−1</gydF4y2Basup>WM)每个猎物。潜在的猎物单位面积上的能量密度(千卡<gydF4y2Bai>·</gydF4y2Bai>g<gydF4y2Basup>−1</gydF4y2Basup>WM<gydF4y2Bai>·</gydF4y2Bai>0.25米<gydF4y2Basup>−2</gydF4y2Basup>)计算使用特有的生物质能量密度转换因素(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B26">71年</gydF4y2Baa>,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B81">72年</gydF4y2Baa>)和校准使用值在本研究标本收集。虽然湿质量是受到灰和水稀释的影响,它是一种更好的表示实际的猎物生物质被海獭(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B81">72年</gydF4y2Baa>]。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>来确定海獭觅食的海带森林需要更少的预测喂养努力满足日常能量需求比海獭在海胆荒野觅食,海獭猎物变量比较典型的活动预算和代谢率34公斤男性海獭中部和西部的阿留申群岛(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B106">73年</gydF4y2Baa>]。猎物数量、大小和能量密度是海獭日常能量需求计算预测喂养力气就能满足日常热量需要在每个社区觅食。预测喂养时间百分比是计算方面的精力需要在24小时内,以满足日常热量的需求和个人海胆的数量满足每日所需热量的需求。海獭猎物同化效率标准在82%效率(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B20">74年</gydF4y2Baa>)和喂养率标准化1.9海胆<gydF4y2Bai>·</gydF4y2Bai>最小值<gydF4y2Basup>−1</gydF4y2Basup>海带森林和3海胆<gydF4y2Bai>·</gydF4y2Bai>最小值<gydF4y2Basup>−1</gydF4y2Basup>分别对海胆荒野(美国地质调查局,未发表的数据)。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>确定猎物质量值阿留申群岛中部和西部的极限电流海獭复苏,潜在的猎物能量密度测量值相比,本研究从地方特有的能量密度决定海獭数量正在增加(彻马克阿拉斯加湾;斯图尔特和东部赫拉,unpubl。数据,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B51">75年</gydF4y2Baa>),阿拉斯加冰川湾;(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B81">72年</gydF4y2Baa>,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B13">76年</gydF4y2Baa>),加州圣尼古拉斯岛;(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B81">72年</gydF4y2Baa>,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B100">77年</gydF4y2Baa>])或稳定(加州蒙特雷湾;(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B39">21</gydF4y2Baa>,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B81">72年</gydF4y2Baa>])。海獭的猎物物种之间的直接比较了除了在物种水平<gydF4y2Bai>Strongylocentrotus polyacanthus</gydF4y2Bai>(阿留申群岛)和<gydF4y2Bai>美国droebachiensis</gydF4y2Bai>(在阿拉斯加和加利福尼亚)由于相似的规模和潜在的能量密度这两个物种(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B11">78年</gydF4y2Baa>]。</gydF4y2Bap> <h5 id="sec2.1">2.1。数据分析</gydF4y2Bah5> <p>猎物丰富的差异、生物量、大小和能量密度社区之间进行使用方差分析(<gydF4y2Basvg height="11.1" id="M7" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:55.674999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 55.674999 11.1" width="55.674999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.1)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.12)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.515023" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.555412" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.806911" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.932661" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.184162" y="0"> 5</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)与社区治疗(例如,残余海带森林和海胆荒野)和手段从社区内嵌块复制。在方差分析中发现了重大影响,事后比较了使用图基的诚实显著差异(HSD)测试。Mulitvariate分析是用来说明不同的海胆贫瘠和海带猎物社区由于猎物可用性、质量和大小(PRIMER-E v。6,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B18">79年</gydF4y2Baa>,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B19">80年</gydF4y2Baa>])。分析之前,数据被转换为平方根减少的主要贡献丰富的物种和所有样本的相似矩阵是使用Bray-Curtis索引。海胆贫瘠和海带社区之间的相似性是评估的猎物变量使用多维定标祝圣礼。相似性百分比分析(傻笑)是用来确定哪些类群中观察到的不同的贡献最大海胆贫瘠和海带社区网站之间的欧几里得距离表示。</gydF4y2Bap> <h4 id="results">3所示。结果</gydF4y2Bah4> <p>海带森林和海胆贫瘠的猎物社区显然是划定了海带和大型无脊椎动物丰度的差异(表<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jmb/2012/492308/tab1/" target="_blank">1</gydF4y2Baa>)。海胆荒野提供更丰富的猎物比遗迹海带森林(方差分析,<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.9125" id="M8" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:35.099998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 35.099998 10.9125" width="35.099998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.6773224" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.71771" y="0"> 8</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.9125" id="M9" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:64.337502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 64.337502 10.9125" width="64.337502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.190185" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.230574" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.482075" y="0"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.733574" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="41.985073" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.110825" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,<gydF4y2Basvg height="11.0625" id="M10" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt;width:63.962502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 63.962502 11.0625" width="63.962502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.15)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.890113" y="0"> <</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.930502" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.182001" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.307751" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.559254" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="44.810753" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)。图基表示,事后比较<gydF4y2Bai>Strongylocentrotus polyacanthus</gydF4y2Bai>丰度明显不同海带森林和海胆荒野。密集的<gydF4y2Bai>美国polyacanthus</gydF4y2Bai>人口占大部分可用的猎物(45.5 - 87.9%)在这两个社区,但在荒野7倍多(<gydF4y2Basvg height="12.2375" id="M11" style="vertical-align:-1.09097pt;width:64.662498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 64.662498 12.2375" width="64.662498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.2375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.21)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.2515001" y="0"> 8</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.503" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.62875" y="0"> 6</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.655916" y="0"> ±</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.996136" y="0"> 5</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.247639" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.373386" y="0"> 8</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>第1<gydF4y2Bai>·</gydF4y2Bai>0.25米<gydF4y2Basup>−2</gydF4y2Basup>)比遗迹海带森林(<gydF4y2Basvg height="12.05" id="M12" style="vertical-align:-1.09097pt;width:56.849998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 56.849998 12.05" width="56.849998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.05)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.36)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.2515001" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.3772497" y="0"> 8</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.404415" y="0"> ±</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.744637" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.996136" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.121887" y="0"> 9</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>第1<gydF4y2Bai>·</gydF4y2Bai>0.25米<gydF4y2Basup>−2</gydF4y2Basup>)。当礼物,<gydF4y2Bai>肌肉discors</gydF4y2Bai>更丰富的海带森林(<gydF4y2Basvg height="12.05" id="M13" style="vertical-align:-1.09097pt;width:56.849998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 56.849998 12.05" width="56.849998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.05)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.36)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.2515001" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.3772497" y="0"> 8</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.404415" y="0"> ±</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.744637" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.996136" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.121887" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>第1<gydF4y2Bai>·</gydF4y2Bai>0.25米<gydF4y2Basup>−2</gydF4y2Basup>)比海胆荒野(不存在);然而这个物种只发生在三的八个岛屿。岩石叮当,<gydF4y2Bai>Pododesmus machrochisma</gydF4y2Bai>丰富,一直以低密度社区。剩下的猎物,<gydF4y2Bai>Mytilus trossulus</gydF4y2Bai>和<gydF4y2Bai>Fusitriton oregonensis</gydF4y2Bai>,显示或片状分布同样出现在海带森林和海胆荒野。未发现显著差异nonurchin猎物大小海带森林和海胆贫瘠的社区(方差分析,<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.9125" id="M14" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:35.099998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 35.099998 10.9125" width="35.099998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.6773224" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.71771" y="0"> 8</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.9125" id="M15" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:56.525002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 56.525002 10.9125" width="56.525002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.190185" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.230574" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.482075" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.607822" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.859325" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.9125" id="M16" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:56.150002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 56.150002 10.9125" width="56.150002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.890113" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.930502" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.182001" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.307751" y="0"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.559254" y="0"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)。</gydF4y2Bap> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="tab1"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-tab1"> <table class="table-group" id="tab1"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <table class="table"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="8"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"></td> <td align="center">海带密度</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center" rowspan="2"><i>N</gydF4y2Bai></td> <td align="center" colspan="5">丰富(第1。<gydF4y2Bai>·</gydF4y2Bai>0.25米<gydF4y2Basup>−2</gydF4y2Basup>)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"></td> <td align="center">(第1。<gydF4y2Bai>·</gydF4y2Bai>0.25米<gydF4y2Basup>−2</gydF4y2Basup>)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center"><i>Strongylo。</gydF4y2Bai></td> <td align="center"><i>Pododes。</gydF4y2Bai></td> <td align="center"><i>Mytilus</gydF4y2Bai></td> <td align="center"><i>Muscul。</gydF4y2Bai></td> <td align="center"><i>Fusitrit。</gydF4y2Bai></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" colspan="8"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">海带</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center"><span style="width: 72.474998px;"> <svg height="12.2375" id="M19" style="vertical-align:-1.09097pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 72.474998 12.2375" width="72.474998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.2375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.21)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 5</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.2515001" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.3772497" y="0"> 8</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.62875" y="0"> 9</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.655916" y="0"> ±</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.996136" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.247639" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.373386" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="51.624886" y="0"> 4</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></td> <td align="center"><span style="width: 56.849998px;"> <svg height="12.175" id="M20" style="vertical-align:-1.09097pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 56.849998 12.175" width="56.849998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.175)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.26)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.4)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.2515001" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.3772497" y="0"> 6</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.404415" y="0"> ±</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.744637" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.996136" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.121887" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></td> <td align="center"> <svg height="12.05" id="M21" style="vertical-align:-1.09097pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 56.849998 12.05" width="56.849998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.05)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.36)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.2515001" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.3772497" y="0"> 8</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.404415" y="0"> ±</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.744637" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.996136" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.121887" y="0"> 9</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>*</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center"><span style="width: 56.849998px;"> <svg height="12.05" id="M22" style="vertical-align:-1.09097pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 56.849998 12.05" width="56.849998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.05)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.36)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.2515001" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.3772497" y="0"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.404415" y="0"> ±</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.744637" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.996136" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.121887" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></td> <td align="center"><span style="width: 56.849998px;"> <svg height="12.05" id="M23" style="vertical-align:-1.09097pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 56.849998 12.05" width="56.849998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.05)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.36)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.2515001" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.3772497" y="0"> 9</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.404415" y="0"> ±</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.744637" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.996136" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.121887" y="0"> 7</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></td> <td align="center"><span style="width: 56.849998px;"> <svg height="12.05" id="M24" style="vertical-align:-1.09097pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 56.849998 12.05" width="56.849998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.05)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.36)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.2515001" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.3772497" y="0"> 8</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.404415" y="0"> ±</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.744637" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.996136" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.121887" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></td> <td align="center"><span style="width: 56.849998px;"> <svg height="12.05" id="M25" style="vertical-align:-1.09097pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 56.849998 12.05" width="56.849998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.05)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.36)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.2515001" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.3772497" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.404415" y="0"> ±</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.744637" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.996136" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.121887" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">贫瘠的</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">NP</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center"><span style="width: 56.849998px;"> <svg height="12.2375" id="M26" style="vertical-align:-1.09097pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 56.849998 12.2375" width="56.849998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.2375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.21)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 6</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.2515001" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.3772497" y="0"> 5</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.404415" y="0"> ±</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.744637" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.996136" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.121887" y="0"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></td> <td align="center"><span style="width: 64.662498px;"> <svg height="12.2375" id="M27" style="vertical-align:-1.09097pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 64.662498 12.2375" width="64.662498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.2375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.21)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.2515001" y="0"> 8</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.503" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.62875" y="0"> 6</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.655916" y="0"> ±</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.996136" y="0"> 5</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.247639" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.373386" y="0"> 8</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></td> <td align="center"><span style="width: 56.849998px;"> <svg height="12.2375" id="M28" style="vertical-align:-1.09097pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 56.849998 12.2375" width="56.849998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.2375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.21)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.2515001" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.3772497" y="0"> 5</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.404415" y="0"> ±</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.744637" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.996136" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.121887" y="0"> 5</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></td> <td align="center"><span style="width: 56.849998px;"> <svg height="12.175" id="M29" style="vertical-align:-1.09097pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 56.849998 12.175" width="56.849998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.175)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.26)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.4)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.2515001" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.3772497" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.404415" y="0"> ±</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.744637" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.996136" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.121887" y="0"> 6</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></td> <td align="center">NP</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center"><span style="width: 56.849998px;"> <svg height="12.05" id="M30" style="vertical-align:-1.09097pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 56.849998 12.05" width="56.849998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.05)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.36)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.2515001" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.3772497" y="0"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.404415" y="0"> ±</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.744637" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.996136" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.121887" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></td> </tr> <tr class="table-tr"> <td colspan="8"> <hr class="tbody-hr"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">表1</gydF4y2Baspan> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jmb/2012/492308/tab1/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> 海带密度和海獭猎物丰富(每0.25个人<gydF4y2Basup>2</gydF4y2Basup>)的海带森林和海胆贫瘠的社区在阿留申群岛中部和西部,阿拉斯加。N是猎物数的均值在0.25 m<gydF4y2Basup>2</gydF4y2Basup>样在每个社区(<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.9125" id="M17" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 35.099998 10.9125" width="35.099998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.6773224" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.71771" y="0"> 8</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>与20个样/社区/岛群岛)。猎物物种包括<gydF4y2Bai>Strongylocentrotus polyacanthus (Strongylo)。</gydF4y2Bai>,<gydF4y2Bai>Pododesmus machrochisma (Pododes)。</gydF4y2Bai>,<gydF4y2Bai>Mytilus trossulus (Mytilus)</gydF4y2Bai>,<gydF4y2Bai>肌肉discors (Muscul。)</gydF4y2Bai>和<gydF4y2Bai>Fusitriton oregonensis (Fusitrit)。</gydF4y2Bai>。显著差异从图基事后比较<gydF4y2Basvg height="12.4875" id="M18" style="vertical-align:-1.29163pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 68.912498 12.4875" width="68.912498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.4875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.01)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.941565" y="0"> ≤</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.145454" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.396954" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.522701" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="48.774204" y="0"> 5</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>水平由(*)表示。NP:不存在。</gydF4y2Badiv> </div> </div> <p>海带森林支持明显较大的海胆(<gydF4y2Basvg height="12.2375" id="M31" style="vertical-align:-1.09097pt;width:72.474998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 72.474998 12.2375" width="72.474998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.2375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.21)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 5</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.2515001" y="0"> 4</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.503" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.62875" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.655916" y="0"> ±</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.996136" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.247639" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="48.499138" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="51.624886" y="0"> 4</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>比贫瘠的栖息地(毫米)<gydF4y2Basvg height="12.05" id="M32" style="vertical-align:-1.09097pt;width:72.474998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 72.474998 12.05" width="72.474998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.05)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.36)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 4</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.2515001" y="0"> 7</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.503" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.62875" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.655916" y="0"> ±</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.996136" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.247639" y="0"> 7</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="48.499138" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="51.624886" y="0"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>m;方差分析,<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.9125" id="M33" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:35.099998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 35.099998 10.9125" width="35.099998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.6773224" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.71771" y="0"> 8</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,<gydF4y2Basvg height="11.1" id="M34" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:56.525002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 56.525002 11.1" width="56.525002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.1)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.12)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.190185" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.230574" y="0"> 5</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.482075" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.607822" y="0"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.859325" y="0"> 4</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.9125" id="M35" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:56.150002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 56.150002 10.9125" width="56.150002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.890113" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.930502" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.182001" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.307751" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.559254" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>;图<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jmb/2012/492308/fig2/" target="_blank">2</gydF4y2Baa>)。海带森林生物量每个海胆提供显著高于荒漠(方差分析,<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.9125" id="M36" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:35.099998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 35.099998 10.9125" width="35.099998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.6773224" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.71771" y="0"> 8</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,<gydF4y2Basvg height="11.0375" id="M37" style="vertical-align:-0.27588pt;width:56.525002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 56.525002 11.0375" width="56.525002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.17)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.190185" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.230574" y="0"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.482075" y="0"> 9</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.733574" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.859325" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,<gydF4y2Basvg height="11.0375" id="M38" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:63.962502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 63.962502 11.0375" width="63.962502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.17)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.4)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.890113" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.930502" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.182001" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.307751" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.559254" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="44.810753" y="0"> 6</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>;图<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jmb/2012/492308/fig3/" target="_blank">3</gydF4y2Baa>)。海胆荒漠,然而,提供更高的单位面积生物量与残余海带森林(方差分析,<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.9125" id="M39" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:35.099998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 35.099998 10.9125" width="35.099998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.6773224" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.71771" y="0"> 8</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,<gydF4y2Basvg height="11.0375" id="M40" style="vertical-align:-0.27588pt;width:56.525002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 56.525002 11.0375" width="56.525002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.17)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.190185" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.230574" y="0"> 9</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.482075" y="0"> 7</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.733574" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.859325" y="0"> 9</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,<gydF4y2Basvg height="11.0625" id="M41" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt;width:63.962502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 63.962502 11.0625" width="63.962502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.15)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.890113" y="0"> <</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.930502" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.182001" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.307751" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.559254" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="44.810753" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)。尽管组成生殖组织生物量显著大于个人海胆海带森林(<gydF4y2Basvg height="12.2375" id="M42" style="vertical-align:-1.09097pt;width:72.474998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 72.474998 12.2375" width="72.474998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.2375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.21)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.2515001" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.3772497" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.62875" y="0"> 5</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.655916" y="0"> ±</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.996136" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.247639" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.373386" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="51.624886" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>千卡<gydF4y2Bai>·</gydF4y2Bai>g<gydF4y2Basup>−1</gydF4y2Basup>比海胆荒野每海胆)(<gydF4y2Basvg height="12.05" id="M43" style="vertical-align:-1.09097pt;width:72.474998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 72.474998 12.05" width="72.474998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.05)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.36)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.2515001" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.3772497" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.62875" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.655916" y="0"> ±</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.996136" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.247639" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.373386" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="51.624886" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>千卡<gydF4y2Bai>·</gydF4y2Bai>g<gydF4y2Basup>−1</gydF4y2Basup>每个海胆,方差分析,<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.9125" id="M44" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:35.099998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 35.099998 10.9125" width="35.099998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.6773224" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.71771" y="0"> 8</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.8625" id="M45" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt;width:56.525002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 56.525002 10.8625" width="56.525002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.8625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.31)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.190185" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.230574" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.482075" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.733574" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.859325" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.9125" id="M46" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:56.150002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 56.150002 10.9125" width="56.150002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.890113" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.930502" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.182001" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.307751" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.559254" y="0"> 4</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>),可用生殖组织单位面积上的差异不显著(方差分析,<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.9125" id="M47" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:35.099998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 35.099998 10.9125" width="35.099998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.6773224" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.71771" y="0"> 8</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.9125" id="M48" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:56.525002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 56.525002 10.9125" width="56.525002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.190185" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.230574" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.482075" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.607822" y="0"> 8</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.859325" y="0"> 4</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.9125" id="M49" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:56.150002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 56.150002 10.9125" width="56.150002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.890113" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.930502" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.182001" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.307751" y="0"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.559254" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)。个人海胆海带森林提供了更高的潜在的能量密度(<gydF4y2Basvg height="12.05" id="M50" style="vertical-align:-1.09097pt;width:72.474998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 72.474998 12.05" width="72.474998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.05)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.36)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.2515001" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.3772497" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.62875" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.655916" y="0"> ±</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.996136" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.247639" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.373386" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="51.624886" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>千卡<gydF4y2Bai>·</gydF4y2Bai>g<gydF4y2Basup>−1</gydF4y2Basup>每个海胆)相比,海胆荒野(0.14±0.08千卡<gydF4y2Bai>·</gydF4y2Bai>g<gydF4y2Basup>−1</gydF4y2Basup>每个海胆,方差分析,<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.9125" id="M51" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:35.099998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 35.099998 10.9125" width="35.099998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.6773224" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.71771" y="0"> 8</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,<gydF4y2Basvg height="11.0375" id="M52" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:56.525002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 56.525002 11.0375" width="56.525002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.17)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.4)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.190185" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.230574" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.482075" y="0"> 6</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.733574" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.859325" y="0"> 6</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.9125" id="M53" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:56.150002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 56.150002 10.9125" width="56.150002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.890113" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.930502" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.182001" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.307751" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.559254" y="0"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>;图<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jmb/2012/492308/fig4/" target="_blank">4</gydF4y2Baa>)。相比之下,海胆荒野提供势能单位面积显著大于海带森林(方差分析,<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.9125" id="M54" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:35.099998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 35.099998 10.9125" width="35.099998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.6773224" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.71771" y="0"> 8</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.9125" id="M55" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:64.337502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 64.337502 10.9125" width="64.337502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.190185" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.230574" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.482075" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.733574" y="0"> 7</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="41.985073" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.110825" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,<gydF4y2Basvg height="11.0625" id="M56" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt;width:63.962502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 63.962502 11.0625" width="63.962502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.15)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.890113" y="0"> <</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.930502" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.182001" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.307751" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.559254" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="44.810753" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)。潜在的猎物(千卡能量密度值<gydF4y2Bai>·</gydF4y2Bai>g<gydF4y2Basup>−1</gydF4y2Basup>WM<gydF4y2Bai>·</gydF4y2Bai>印第安纳州。<gydF4y2Basup>−1</gydF4y2Basup>)两个群体在这项研究是从其他研究与价值进行了其他地方的海獭(表范围<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jmb/2012/492308/tab2/" target="_blank">2</gydF4y2Baa>)。</gydF4y2Bap> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="tab2"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-tab2"> <table class="table-group" id="tab2"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <table class="table"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="6"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr class="thead"> <td align="left" rowspan="2">位置</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center" rowspan="2">源</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center" rowspan="2">海獭的流行音乐。状态</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center" colspan="3">猎物</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr class="thead"> <td align="center"><i>Strongyloc。</gydF4y2Bai></td> <td align="center"><i>Mytilus</gydF4y2Bai></td> <td align="center"><i>Fustitrit。</gydF4y2Bai></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="6"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">C。,W. Aleut., AK</td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">海带森林</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">一个</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">D</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center"><span style="width: 72.474998px;"> <svg height="12.05" id="M57" style="vertical-align:-1.09097pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 72.474998 12.05" width="72.474998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.05)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.36)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.2515001" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.3772497" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.62875" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.655916" y="0"> ±</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.996136" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.247639" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.373386" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="51.624886" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></td> <td align="center"><span style="width: 72.474998px;"> <svg height="12.175" id="M58" style="vertical-align:-1.09097pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 72.474998 12.175" width="72.474998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.175)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.26)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.4)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.2515001" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.3772497" y="0"> 4</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.62875" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.655916" y="0"> ±</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.996136" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.247639" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.373386" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="51.624886" y="0"> 6</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></td> <td align="center"><span style="width: 72.474998px;"> <svg height="12.175" id="M59" style="vertical-align:-1.09097pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 72.474998 12.175" width="72.474998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.175)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.26)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.4)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.2515001" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.3772497" y="0"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.62875" y="0"> 6</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.655916" y="0"> ±</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.996136" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.247639" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.373386" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="51.624886" y="0"> 6</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">海胆贫瘠的</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">一个</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">D</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center"><span style="width: 72.474998px;"> <svg height="12.05" id="M60" style="vertical-align:-1.09097pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 72.474998 12.05" width="72.474998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.05)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.36)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.2515001" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.3772497" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.62875" y="0"> 4</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.655916" y="0"> ±</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.996136" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.247639" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.373386" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="51.624886" y="0"> 8</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></td> <td align="center"><span style="width: 72.474998px;"> <svg height="12.05" id="M61" style="vertical-align:-1.09097pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 72.474998 12.05" width="72.474998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.05)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.36)"> <text 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transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.05)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.36)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.2515001" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.3772497" y="0"> 4</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.62875" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.655916" y="0"> ±</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.996136" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.247639" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.373386" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="51.624886" y="0"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">KBay,正义与发展党</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">B</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">我</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center"><span style="width: 72.474998px;"> <svg height="12.175" id="M63" style="vertical-align:-1.09097pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 72.474998 12.175" width="72.474998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.175)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.26)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.4)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.2515001" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.3772497" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.62875" y="0"> 6</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.655916" y="0"> ±</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.996136" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.247639" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.373386" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="51.624886" y="0"> 6</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></td> <td align="center"><span style="width: 72.474998px;"> <svg height="12.175" id="M64" style="vertical-align:-1.09097pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 72.474998 12.175" width="72.474998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.175)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.26)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.4)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.2515001" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.3772497" y="0"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.62875" y="0"> 6</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.655916" y="0"> ±</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.996136" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.247639" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.373386" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="51.624886" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></td> <td align="center"><span style="width: 72.474998px;"> <svg height="12.05" id="M65" style="vertical-align:-1.09097pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 72.474998 12.05" width="72.474998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.05)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.36)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.2515001" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.3772497" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.62875" y="0"> 9</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.655916" y="0"> ±</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.996136" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.247639" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.373386" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="51.624886" y="0"> 8</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">GBNP,正义与发展党</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">C</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">我</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center"><span style="width: 72.474998px;"> <svg height="12.05" id="M66" style="vertical-align:-1.09097pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 72.474998 12.05" width="72.474998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.05)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.36)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.2515001" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.3772497" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.62875" y="0"> 4</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.655916" y="0"> ±</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.996136" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.247639" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.373386" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="51.624886" y="0"> 4</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></td> <td align="center"><span style="width: 72.474998px;"> <svg height="12.175" id="M67" style="vertical-align:-1.09097pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 72.474998 12.175" width="72.474998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.175)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.26)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.4)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.2515001" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.3772497" y="0"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.62875" y="0"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.655916" y="0"> ±</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.996136" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.247639" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.373386" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="51.624886" y="0"> 6</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></td> <td align="center"><span style="width: 72.474998px;"> <svg height="12.05" id="M68" style="vertical-align:-1.09097pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 72.474998 12.05" width="72.474998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.05)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.36)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.2515001" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.3772497" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.62875" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.655916" y="0"> ±</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.996136" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.247639" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.373386" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="51.624886" y="0"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">MBNMS,</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">C</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">年代</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center"><span style="width: 72.474998px;"> <svg height="12.05" id="M69" style="vertical-align:-1.09097pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 72.474998 12.05" width="72.474998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.05)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.36)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.2515001" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.3772497" y="0"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.62875" y="0"> 9</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.655916" y="0"> ±</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.996136" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.247639" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.373386" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="51.624886" y="0"> 4</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></td> <td align="center"><span style="width: 72.474998px;"> <svg height="12.2375" id="M70" style="vertical-align:-1.09097pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 72.474998 12.2375" width="72.474998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.2375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.21)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.2515001" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.3772497" y="0"> 5</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.62875" y="0"> 5</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.655916" y="0"> ±</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.996136" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.247639" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.373386" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="51.624886" y="0"> 4</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></td> <td align="center">NP</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr class="table-tr"> <td colspan="6"> <hr class="tbody-hr"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">表2</gydF4y2Baspan> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jmb/2012/492308/tab2/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> 个人猎物从遗迹海带森林质量值和海胆荒野采样在这项研究中,从其他地方的位置海獭范围。值表示每个个别物种的潜在能量密度(千卡<gydF4y2Bai>·</gydF4y2Bai>g<gydF4y2Basup>−1</gydF4y2Basup>湿质量)±1 s.d猎物物种包括<gydF4y2Bai>Strongylocentrotus polyacanthus</gydF4y2Bai>,<gydF4y2Bai>Mytilus trossulus</gydF4y2Bai>,<gydF4y2Bai>Fusitriton oregonensis</gydF4y2Bai>。<gydF4y2Bai>美国polyacanthus</gydF4y2Bai>阿留申群岛中最常见但相比吗<gydF4y2Bai>美国droebachiensis</gydF4y2Bai>从其他地区这个表给他们的相似性在线粒体DNA分析(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B11">78年</gydF4y2Baa>]。当前的人口趋势中引用埃斯蒂斯et al . 2005<gydF4y2Baa href="#B41">17</gydF4y2Baa>)(c和w·阿留申语。,正义与发展党: central and western Aleutians, AK), Gill et al. 2009 [<a href="#B51">75年</gydF4y2Baa>](KBay,正义与发展党:彻马克海湾,AK),锥子et al . 2003<gydF4y2Baa href="#B13">76年</gydF4y2Baa>](GBNP, AK党;冰川湾,AK),埃斯蒂斯et al . 2003 (<gydF4y2Baa href="#B39">21</gydF4y2Baa>](MBNMS CA:蒙特雷湾,CA),和修改等。2008<gydF4y2Baa href="#B100">77年</gydF4y2Baa>)(SNI CA:圣尼古拉斯。,CA)。的来源地区猎物值(一)本研究;斯图尔特(B)和东部赫拉,未发表的数据;奥弗泰德尔博士et al . 2007和(C)。海獭数量从每个位置状态是(D)下降,(我)增加,或(S)稳定。NP:不存在。</gydF4y2Badiv> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig2"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig2"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="492308.fig.002" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/jmb/volume-2012/492308/figures/492308.fig.002.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图2</gydF4y2Baspan> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jmb/2012/492308/fig2/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <i>Strongylocentrotus polyacanthus</gydF4y2Bai> <svg height="10.9125" id="M71" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 50.724998 10.9125" width="50.724998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.6773224" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.71771" y="0"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.969212" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.220711" y="0"> 8</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg> <svg height="11.225" id="M72" style="vertical-align:-0.27588pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 58.537498 11.225" width="58.537498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.225)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.02)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.6773224" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.71771" y="0"> 4</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.969212" y="0"> 5</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.220711" y="0"> 6</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.47221" y="0"> 9</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg> <table> 海胆的相对频率分布()gydF4y2Ba收集残骸海带森林和海胆贫瘠的社区在阿留申群岛中部和西部。相对频率百分比确定使用计数海胆的海带森林()gydF4y2Ba和海胆荒野()gydF4y2Ba。虚线表示的最小大小阈值对海胆海獭捕食(30毫米)。</gydF4y2Batable> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig3"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig3"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="492308.fig.003" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/jmb/volume-2012/492308/figures/492308.fig.003.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图3</gydF4y2Baspan> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jmb/2012/492308/fig3/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <svg height="12.4875" id="M73" style="vertical-align:-1.29163pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 68.912498 12.4875" width="68.912498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.4875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.01)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.941565" y="0"> ≤</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.145454" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.396954" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.522701" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="48.774204" y="0"> 5</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg> <table> 海胆单位面积生物量和生物量每个海胆来自遗迹海带森林和海胆在阿留申群岛中部和西部贫瘠的社区。显著的差异gydF4y2Ba水平由(*)表示。</gydF4y2Batable> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig4"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig4"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="492308.fig.004" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/jmb/volume-2012/492308/figures/492308.fig.004.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图4</gydF4y2Baspan> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jmb/2012/492308/fig4/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <svg height="12.4875" id="M74" style="vertical-align:-1.29163pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 68.912498 12.4875" width="68.912498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.4875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.01)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.941565" y="0"> ≤</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.145454" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.396954" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.522701" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="48.774204" y="0"> 5</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg> <table> 海胆潜在的单位面积上的能量密度和潜在能量密度每个海胆遗迹海带森林和海胆在阿留申群岛中部和西部贫瘠的社区。显著的差异gydF4y2Ba水平由(*)表示。</gydF4y2Batable> </div> </div> </div> <p>典型的海獭中部和西部的阿留申群岛很容易满足日常能量需求觅食海带森林或海胆贫瘠的社区。34公斤男性海獭的日常能量需求约4600千卡<gydF4y2Bai>·</gydF4y2Bai>一天<gydF4y2Basup>−1</gydF4y2Basup>(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B106">73年</gydF4y2Baa>]。由于不同的丰度、大小和能量密度的海胆遗迹海带森林和海胆荒野,一个典型的阿留申群岛海獭需要消耗484海胆的海带森林(18%的时间、喂养率1.9海胆<gydF4y2Bai>·</gydF4y2Bai>最小值<gydF4y2Basup>−1</gydF4y2Basup>)与1085年海胆(25%时间,喂养3海胆<gydF4y2Bai>·</gydF4y2Bai>最小值<gydF4y2Basup>−1</gydF4y2Basup>)在一个海胆贫瘠的满足每日热量的需求(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B81">72年</gydF4y2Baa>,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B106">73年</gydF4y2Baa>]。所需时间的差异百分比来满足日常热量需求觅食或者社区远低于那些在食物资源的数量限制,比如加州中部男性海獭花了25 - 40%时间喂养(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B106">73年</gydF4y2Baa>,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B100">77年</gydF4y2Baa>]。此外,鉴于要么社区可比喂养率觅食,海胆的数量满足每日所需热量需要的是在实际的实证研究中观察到的觅食海獭数量(例如,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B105">68年</gydF4y2Baa>])。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>海獭猎物数量、大小、生物量和能量密度导致分离的海胆贫瘠的猎物和海带森林社区多维标度分析(MDS;图<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jmb/2012/492308/fig5/" target="_blank">5</gydF4y2Baa>)。猎物社区之间的分离是由显著提高单位面积上的总生物量和潜在猎物能量密度与海胆数量在海胆荒野(图<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jmb/2012/492308/fig6/" target="_blank">6</gydF4y2Baa>傻笑,87%)。个人海胆能量密度没有显著贡献分离的网站(傻笑,9%)。</gydF4y2Bap> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig5"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig5"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="492308.fig.005" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/jmb/volume-2012/492308/figures/492308.fig.005.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图5</gydF4y2Baspan> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jmb/2012/492308/fig5/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> MDS祝圣礼海獭猎物的贡献大小,丰富,生物量、和能量密度梯度分离遗迹海带森林和海胆贫瘠的社区在阿留申群岛中部和西部,阿拉斯加。海带森林(klp)和海胆荒野(brn)表示。</gydF4y2Batable> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig6"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig6"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="492308.fig.006" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/jmb/volume-2012/492308/figures/492308.fig.006.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图6</gydF4y2Baspan> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jmb/2012/492308/fig6/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <i>·</gydF4y2Bai> <sup>−2</gydF4y2Basup> <table> MDS的泡沫块的贡献海獭猎物生物质分离的海带森林和海胆贫瘠的社区在阿留申群岛中部和西部,阿拉斯加。泡沫大小尺度与g0。25米gydF4y2Ba从残余海带森林(klp)和海胆贫瘠(brn)网站。</gydF4y2Batable> </div> </div> </div> <h4 id="discussion">4所示。讨论</gydF4y2Bah4> <p>在当前的稳定状态,近岸社区在中部和西部阿留申群岛是由丰富但劣质的猎物。广阔的海胆荒野支持人口密集的海胆,通常包含较小的个人和每个个体提供较少的生物量和能量密度比海带森林海胆。点缀的系统是一个拼凑马赛克遗迹海带森林支持相对较少但大,热量丰富的海胆。虽然统计学意义,个体的差异海胆势能密度海带森林和海胆荒野可能是生物觅食海獭无关紧要。潜在的海胆能量密度测量值在这个研究表明,平均海带森林海胆约等于一个贫瘠的海胆的食用半湿生物质和能量。鉴于海胆摄食率和同化效率(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B106">73年</gydF4y2Baa>),海獭日常能量需求很容易遇到觅食的社区。虽然个人的猎物质量变化可能发生在从海带森林转移到海胆荒野在1990年代海獭下降,这些变化不太可能造成海獭下降也不是极限电流海獭复苏。海带森林和海胆贫瘠的海胆采样在这项研究是与潜在的能量密度值的个体海胆在海獭的范围(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B81">72年</gydF4y2Baa>]。此外,所有其他海獭猎物评估在这项研究中,除了<gydF4y2Bai>肌肉discors</gydF4y2Bai>,没有丰富的不同,大小、生物量、海带和贫瘠的社区之间的能量密度。因此,尽管猎物质量的变化与相移代表一个生态系统服务关联损失捕食者,这可能增加补偿损失的猎物丰富和总生物量。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>海胆竞争力主导近岸社区中部和西部的阿留申群岛。他们的优势在缺乏自上而下的控制是典型的海胆贫瘠的相州其他地方(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B61">9</gydF4y2Baa>,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B73">43</gydF4y2Baa>,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B4">81年</gydF4y2Baa>),与其他海洋系统的竞争优势种天敌实验,包括藤壶[<gydF4y2Baa href="#B23">82年</gydF4y2Baa>)和贻贝(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B85">83年</gydF4y2Baa>]。海胆密度在荒野作为本研究抽样大约七倍的残余海带森林,在阿留申群岛普遍模式阶段转移到海胆荒野(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B94">13</gydF4y2Baa>,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B42">15</gydF4y2Baa>]。海带forest-associated海胆海带中经常发现叶片和更少的一般观察基质,提供更大,每个海胆生物量比海胆在荒野。海胆与荒漠,除了小,特别是在湿组织质量和减少一般包含很少没有生殖组织相比,海带森林海胆。质量海胆个体之间的差异是由大小差异和差异的比值生殖nonreproductive组织,已知一个变量减少与增加海胆密度(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B68">63年</gydF4y2Baa>),增加随着macroalgal食物来源(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B62">50</gydF4y2Baa>]。海胆生殖组织是大得多的能量密度比其他组织(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B3">84年</gydF4y2Baa>),在这项研究中每个海胆转化为更高的能量密度。因此,尽管海胆海带森林更丰富的比海胆荒野,他们提供了更多的生物量和潜在的能量密度/个人。更大的海胆密度海胆荒野提供更大的总可用的猎物生物量和总势能密度由于可用组织的总质量不质量或质量的组织/个人。因此,猎物之间的关系可用性和质量在这两个阶段是更复杂的比建议的物种丰度。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>海带的缺席没有影响或密度分布的四个六海獭猎物在本研究抽样。两个猎物物种,包括海胆,多样丰富的海带的存在和缺失。相比之下与海带海胆的逆关系表现出,<gydF4y2Bai>肌肉discors</gydF4y2Bai>更加丰富与海带海带由于其首选协会(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B104">85年</gydF4y2Baa>]。<gydF4y2Bai>肌肉discors</gydF4y2Bai>有一个非均匀分布和发生在一个密集的但片状分布见招聘研究在北太平洋(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B6">86年</gydF4y2Baa>]。剩下的海獭猎物采样在这项研究并没有显示任何变化丰富,生物量、能量密度、大小作为社区类型的函数。<gydF4y2Bai>Pododesmus machrochisma</gydF4y2Bai>提供相对较高的生物量和单位面积上的能量密度但在丰富社区之间没有显著变化。这个物种是引人注目的,通常发生在致密的聚合在巨石的边缘和传说,并很容易从基质中删除。这两个<gydF4y2Bai>m . discors</gydF4y2Bai>和<gydF4y2Bai>p . machrochisma</gydF4y2Bai>利用海獭在中部和西部的阿留申群岛(埃斯蒂斯和修补匠unpubl。能量密度数据)和可能补充海胆当首选食品如大型海胆稀缺(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B37">87年</gydF4y2Baa>]。<gydF4y2Bai>Mytilus trossulus</gydF4y2Bai>和<gydF4y2Bai>Fusitriton oregonensis</gydF4y2Bai>表现出不均衡分布和社区之间没有显著变化。除了kelp-associated片状分布<gydF4y2Bai>m . discors</gydF4y2Bai>的可用性和质量nonurchin海獭猎物采样在这项研究中与海带存在与否没有显著变化。之间的共变<gydF4y2Bai>m . discors</gydF4y2Bai>丰富和海藻丰富,<gydF4y2Bai>美国Polyacanthus</gydF4y2Bai>和海藻丰富,表明猎物质量相移影响的程度取决于特定的猎物物种之间的相互作用强度,海带,海带补贴,距离海带forest-urchin贫瘠的接口。因此,海胆、海獭的首选猎物并直接与海带forest-urchin贫瘠的动力,是一个强大的指标相移的阿留申群岛(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B40">88年</gydF4y2Baa>]。来自本研究的发现进一步支持声称增加海獭在海胆生物量下降对营养限制假说的证据(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B42">15</gydF4y2Baa>]。它也解决了问题kuk和Barrett-Lennard [<gydF4y2Baa href="#B63">22</gydF4y2Baa>)额外的丰富数据non-urchin海獭猎物物种可能反驳埃斯蒂斯et al。<gydF4y2Baa href="#B42">15</gydF4y2Baa>]。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>鉴于海胆海獭饮食的重要性中部和西部阿留申群岛(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B38">11</gydF4y2Baa>,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B94">13</gydF4y2Baa>,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B59">89年</gydF4y2Baa>)的潜在影响海胆丰度的变化,生物量、能量密度大小和相位状态之间在本研究中发现值得仔细评估。潜在热量可用性在中部和西部阿留申群岛由猎物单位利用不同(例如,个人海胆的海胆和聚合)和类型的社区成为袭击的目标。目前在该地区空间占主导地位的社会,单位面积上的海胆荒野,供应更多的营养比海带森林每个体但所能得到的营养却越来越少了。根据食肉动物的觅食策略,觅食的海胆遗迹海带森林补丁和广阔的海胆荒野能提供显著不同势能回报(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B97">90年</gydF4y2Baa>]。捕食者,优先消耗更大、更天然丰富的个人成本增加搜索时间的猎物海带下层植被将受益于选择性使用海带森林补丁。鸬鹚展览这种觅食策略的选择密集kelp-forested地区而不是最近kelp-harvested地区在挪威,尽管觅食显著增加与定位相关的鱼在海带(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B74">91年</gydF4y2Baa>]。这种策略是唯一可行的,直到点瞄准猎物的营养优势在复杂环境中增加的成本超出了搜索时间(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B97">90年</gydF4y2Baa>]。相比之下,捕食者,展品一般伺机觅食行为可能会利用海胆荒野习惯性和饲料在海带森林。这种策略通常由吃虎鲸展出,亨特在开阔水域但偶尔专门化其觅食行为和合作salmonid猎物寻求庇护在浓密的海藻床(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B46">92年</gydF4y2Baa>]。海獭是大小选择性觅食,一般选择最大最天然丰富的猎物之前,先切换到更小的或更少的首选猎物(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B83">69年</gydF4y2Baa>,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B49">93年</gydF4y2Baa>]。从理论上讲,一个社区由小,低质量的猎物可以改变捕食者运动(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B22">94年</gydF4y2Baa>),导致放弃潜在的能量密度较大的地区(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B17">95年</gydF4y2Baa>,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B1">96年</gydF4y2Baa>),或导致饥饿和人口下降;然而,鉴于个人的细微差别和区域潜在的能量密度,这些场景不太可能海獭。海獭拥有庞大的能源需求由于新陈代谢率升高<gydF4y2Baa href="#B59">89年</gydF4y2Baa>,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B58">97年</gydF4y2Baa>),因此摄取20 - 25%的体重在每天的猎物<gydF4y2Baa href="#B20">74年</gydF4y2Baa>,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B59">89年</gydF4y2Baa>)和花23天觅食的50% (<gydF4y2Baa href="#B44">98年</gydF4y2Baa>- - - - - -<gydF4y2Baa href="#B99">One hundred.</gydF4y2Baa>]。尽管海獭喂食利率海胆不同海带森林(ca。1.9海胆<gydF4y2Bai>·</gydF4y2Bai>最小值<gydF4y2Basup>−1</gydF4y2Basup>)和海胆荒野(ca。3海胆<gydF4y2Bai>·</gydF4y2Bai>最小值<gydF4y2Basup>−1</gydF4y2Basup>)由于搜索次数的增加与觅食海带(埃斯蒂斯和修改,未发表的数据),日常能量需求很容易遇到觅食遗迹海带森林或海胆贫瘠的社区。鉴于海獭活动预算,代谢率,航空里程在觅食(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B106">73年</gydF4y2Baa>,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B50">101年</gydF4y2Baa>,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B34">102年</gydF4y2Baa>],海胆个体的差异大小和可用的生物量在海带森林和海胆荒野觅食海獭可能微不足道。无数的例子扩展海獭数量报告水獭继续饲料枯竭的猎物,而不是搬到邻近地区网站个人猎物和整体猎物丰度更高的(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B64">103年</gydF4y2Baa>,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B65">104年</gydF4y2Baa>]。此外,尽管耗尽海胆个体质量值海胆荒野在这项研究中发现低于海胆值位置海獭数量正在增加或稳定,这么小的差异大小(ca。0.07千卡<gydF4y2Bai>·</gydF4y2Bai>g<gydF4y2Basup>−1</gydF4y2Basup>)不太可能影响海獭资源选择。因此,尽管个体差异的猎物丰富,生物量、大小、能量密度和海带森林和海胆荒野之间的中部和西部的阿留申群岛的今天,营养限制是不可能影响该地区潜在的海獭复苏。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>总之,海带森林之间的相移和海胆荒野不仅会影响海带和海胆丰度和生物量还进一步对个人的影响和海胆提供的总势能密度。支持第一个假设,残余海带森林提供更大的个体生物量比海胆荒野的猎物。海带森林不,然而,提供更大的单位面积上的能量密度比海胆荒野在第二个假说预测。猎物质量差异,然而,还不足以解释海獭数量下降的速度报道在1990年代(ca每年25%;(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B42">15</gydF4y2Baa>])也不是足以解释海獭复苏的持续限制在20年下降。鉴于知道海獭觅食行为是什么,总日常代谢的需求,和猎物可用性,是不可行的,海獭或目前营养有限的中部和西部的阿留申群岛。尽管海獭的能力利用海胆hyperabundance和开拓殖民地历史范围从两个实际是毋庸置疑的<gydF4y2Baa href="#B65">104年</gydF4y2Baa>,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B28">105年</gydF4y2Baa>和概念上的观点<gydF4y2Baa href="#B86">106年</gydF4y2Baa>宽),生态系统之间的交替影响对资源和能源平衡能源贫乏,可能影响最终选择和其他消费者的承载能力在阿留申群岛中部和西部。这项研究表明,海带森林提供的总势能密度减少海胆荒野是暂时和空间上占主导地位,作为海胆荒野一直猜测其他地方(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B53">52</gydF4y2Baa>]。相移在海带forest-urchin贫瘠的系统影响潜在的猎物可用能量密度更高的营养水平,除了统计关键物种的丰度的差异,可以提供进一步区分平衡态。</gydF4y2Bap> </div> <div class="xml-content"> 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North" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li> <li id="B66">j·m·劳伦斯,”海洋植物和海胆,之间的关系”<gydF4y2Bai>海洋学和海洋生物学年度回顾</gydF4y2Bai>13卷,第286 - 213页,1975年。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=On%20the%20relationships%20between%20marine%20plants%20and%20sea%20urchins&author=J. M. Lawrence&publication_year=1975" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li> <li id="B54">m·w·哈特和r . e . Scheibling热浪、婴儿繁荣,和海胆海藻床的破坏,”<gydF4y2Bai>海洋生物学</gydF4y2Bai>,卷99,不。2、167 - 176年,1988页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00391978">出版商的网站</gydF4y2Baa><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Heat%20waves,%20baby%20booms,%20and%20the%20destruction%20of%20kelp%20beds%20by%20sea%20urchins&author=M. W. Hart &author=R. E. Scheibling&publication_year=1988" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li> <li id="B72">s . d .凌c·r·约翰逊,s .马蹄叉和c k金,“海洋生态系统工程师的生殖潜力新扩展范围的边缘,“<gydF4y2Bai>全球变化生物学</gydF4y2Bai>,14卷,不。4、907 - 915年,2008页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01543.x">出版商的网站</gydF4y2Baa><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Reproductive%20potential%20of%20a%20marine%20ecosystem%20engineer%20at%20the%20edge%20of%20a%20newly%20expanded%20range&author=S. D. Ling&author=C. R. Johnson&author=S. Frusher&author=&author=C. K. King&publication_year=2008" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li> <li id="B73">s . d .凌c·r·约翰逊,s . d .马蹄叉和k·r·Ridgway“过度捕捞减少弹性海藻床由气候灾难性的相移,“<gydF4y2Bai>美国国家科学院院刊》上的美利坚合众国</gydF4y2Bai>,卷106,不。52岁,22341 - 22345年,2009页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0907529106">出版商的网站</gydF4y2Baa><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Overfishing%20reduces%20resilience%20of%20kelp%20beds%20to%20climate-driven%20catastrophic%20phase%20shift&author=S. D. Ling&author=C. R. Johnson&author=S. D. Frusher&author=&author=K. R. Ridgway&publication_year=2009" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li> <li id="B16">p . a .布林和k·h·曼“破坏性放牧的海带海胆在加拿大东部,”<gydF4y2Bai>加拿大渔业研究委员会》杂志上</gydF4y2Bai>33卷,第1283 - 1278页,1976年。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Destructive%20grazing%20of%20kelp%20by%20sea%20urchins%20in%20Eastern%20Canada&author=P. A. Breen &author=K. H. Mann&publication_year=1976" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li> <li id="B43">j·a·埃斯蒂斯:美国史密斯和j·f·帕米萨诺,“海獭捕食和社区组织在阿留申群岛西部,阿拉斯加,”<gydF4y2Bai>生态</gydF4y2Bai>59卷,第833 - 822页,1978年。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Sea%20otter%20predation%20and%20community%20organization%20in%20the%20western%20Aleutian%20Islands,%20Alaska&author=J. A. Estes&author=N. S. Smith&author=&author=J. F. Palmisano&publication_year=1978" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li> <li id="B9">比比伯恩斯坦、b·e·威廉姆斯和k·h·曼“掠食者的角色的行为反应修改海胆”(<gydF4y2Bai>Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis</gydF4y2Bai>)破坏性放牧和季节性觅食模式”,<gydF4y2Bai>海洋生物学</gydF4y2Bai>,卷63,不。1,39-49,1981页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00394661">出版商的网站</gydF4y2Baa><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=The%20role%20of%20behavioral%20responses%20to%20predators%20in%20modifying%20urchins'%20(Strongylocentrotus%20droebachiensis)%20destructive%20grazing%20and%20seasonal%20foraging%20patterns&author=B. B. Bernstein&author=B. E. Williams&author=&author=K. H. Mann&publication_year=1981" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li> <li id="B70">s . d .凌”范围扩大habitat-modifying物种会导致亏损分类学多样性:一个新的贫困礁状态,”<gydF4y2Bai>环境科学</gydF4y2Bai>,卷156,不。4、883 - 894年,2008页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-008-1043-9">出版商的网站</gydF4y2Baa><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Range%20expansion%20of%20a%20habitat-modifying%20species%20leads%20to%20loss%20of%20taxonomic%20diversity:%20a%20new%20and%20impoverished%20reef%20state&author=S. D. Ling&publication_year=2008" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li> <li id="B60">j . a . Kitching及其f . a .电子提单”的生态湖快乐。习藻类的控制<gydF4y2Bai>Paracentrotus lividus</gydF4y2Bai>(海胆纲),“<gydF4y2Bai>动物生态学杂志</gydF4y2Bai>,30卷,第383 - 373页,1961年。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=The%20ecology%20of%20Lough%20Ine.%20XI.%20The%20control%20of%20algae%20by%20Paracentrotus%20lividus%20(Echinoidea)&author=J. A. Kitching &author=F. A. Ebling&publication_year=1961" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li> <li id="B96">p·d·斯坦伯格,j·埃斯蒂斯,f . c .冬天,“进化结果食物链长度的海带森林社区,”<gydF4y2Bai>美国国家科学院院刊》上的美利坚合众国</gydF4y2Bai>,卷92,不。18日,第8148 - 8145页,1995年。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.92.18.8145">出版商的网站</gydF4y2Baa><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Evolutionary%20consequences%20of%20food%20chain%20length%20in%20kelp%20forest%20communities&author=P. D. Steinberg&author=J. Estes&author=&author=F. C. Winter&publication_year=1995" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li> <li id="B62">b .东部赫拉和j·a·埃斯蒂斯”的稳定海藻床,被砍伐的区域之间的边界地区,”<gydF4y2Bai>生态</gydF4y2Bai>,卷84,不。1,第185 - 174页,2003。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=The%20stability%20of%20boundary%20regions%20between%20kelp%20beds%20and%20deforested%20areas&author=B. Konar &author=J. A. Estes&publication_year=2003" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li> <li id="B91">a . r . Russo“分散和食品两个种群之间的差异的海胆<gydF4y2Bai>Strongylocentrotus franciscanus</gydF4y2Bai>”,<gydF4y2Bai>生物地理学杂志</gydF4y2Bai>》第六卷,第414 - 407页,1979年。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Dispersion%20and%20food%20differences%20between%20two%20populations%20of%20the%20sea%20urchin%20Strongylocentrotus%20franciscanus&author=A. R. Russo&publication_year=1979" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li> <li id="B53">c·哈罗德华盛顿里德,”食品供应、海胆放牧和海带森林群落结构,”<gydF4y2Bai>生态</gydF4y2Bai>,卷66,不。4、1160 - 1169年,1985页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Food%20availability,%20sea%20urchin%20grazing,%20and%20kelp%20forest%20community%20structure&author=C. Harrold &author=D. C. Reed&publication_year=1985" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li> <li id="B93">r . e . Scheibling a . w . Hennigar, t·巴尔奇“破坏性的放牧、epiphytism和疾病:海urchin-kelp交互的动态在新斯科舍省,”<gydF4y2Bai>加拿大渔业和水产科学》期刊上</gydF4y2Bai>卷,56号12日,第2314 - 2300页,1999年。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Destructive%20grazing,%20epiphytism,%20and%20disease:%20the%20dynamics%20of%20sea%20urchin—kelp%20interactions%20in%20Nova%20Scotia&author=R. E. Scheibling&author=A. W. Hennigar&author=&author=T. 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Johnson&publication_year=2004" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li> <li id="B56">利浦西尔斯k . a .小屋和r . n,“生境破碎在海草景观:补丁大小和复杂性控制蓝蟹生存,”<gydF4y2Bai>生态</gydF4y2Bai>,卷82,不。7,1814 - 1829年,2001页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Habitat%20fragmentation%20in%20a%20seagrass%20landscape:%20patch%20size%20and%20complexity%20control%20blue%20crab%20survival&author=K. A. Hovel &author=R. N. Lipcius&publication_year=2001" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li> <li id="B52">j·汉密尔顿和b东部赫拉,”阿拉斯加中南部的基质的复杂性和海带可变性影响近岸鱼类社区,”<gydF4y2Bai>渔业公告</gydF4y2Bai>,卷105,不。2、189 - 196年,2007页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Implications%20of%20substrate%20complexity%20and%20kelp%20variability%20for%20south-central%20Alaskan%20nearshore%20fish%20communities&author=J. Hamilton &author=B. Konar&publication_year=2007" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li> <li id="B103">k . Vicknair<gydF4y2Bai>海獭和小行星阿留申群岛西部</gydF4y2Bai>,硕士论文,加州大学圣克鲁斯分校,加州,美国,1996年。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks"></span></li> <li id="B48">s·d·盖恩斯和j .得“鱼在海上海带森林影响招聘潮间带藤壶人口,”<gydF4y2Bai>科学</gydF4y2Bai>,卷235,不。4787年,第481 - 479页,1987年。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Fish%20in%20offshore%20kelp%20forests%20affect%20recruitment%20to%20intertidal%20barnacle%20populations&author=S. D. Gaines &author=J. Roughgarden&publication_year=1987" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li> <li id="B57">d . b .熨斗、r·g·安东尼和j·a·埃斯蒂斯”觅食策略glaucous-winged海鸥的岩石潮间带社区,”<gydF4y2Bai>生态</gydF4y2Bai>,卷67,不。6,1460 - 1474年,1986页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Foraging%20strategies%20of%20glaucous-winged%20gulls%20in%20a%20rocky%20intertidal%20community&author=D. B. Irons&author=R. G. Anthony&author=&author=J. A. Estes&publication_year=1986" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li> <li id="B89">s e . Reisewitz j·a·埃斯蒂斯,c . a . Simenstad“间接食物网交互:海獭和海带森林鱼类在阿留申群岛,“<gydF4y2Bai>环境科学</gydF4y2Bai>,卷146,不。4、623 - 631年,2006页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-005-0230-1">出版商的网站</gydF4y2Baa><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Indirect%20food%20web%20interactions:%20sea%20otters%20and%20kelp%20forest%20fishes%20in%20the%20Aleutian%20archipelago&author=S. E. Reisewitz&author=J. A. Estes&author=&author=C. A. 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Rinde&publication_year=2003" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li> <li id="B6">c .开始,l·e·约翰逊和j . h . Himmelman”Macroalgal树冠:分布和多样性相关的无脊椎动物和对贻贝的招聘和增长的影响,“<gydF4y2Bai>《海洋生态发展系列</gydF4y2Bai>卷,271年,第132 - 121页,2004年。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Macroalgal%20canopies:%20distribution%20and%20diversity%20of%20associated%20invertebrates%20and%20effects%20on%20the%20recruitment%20and%20growth%20of%20mussels&author=C. Bégin&author=L. E. Johnson&author=&author=J. H. Himmelman&publication_year=2004" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li> <li id="B37">j·a·埃斯蒂斯·r·j·詹姆逊,a . m . Johnson,“海獭的食物选择和觅食策略,”<gydF4y2Bai>《全球Furbearer会议</gydF4y2Bai>j·a·查普曼和d . Pursley Eds。,卷。1,pp. 606–641, University of Maryland Press, Baltimore, Md, USA, 1981.<span class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Food%20selection%20and%20some%20foraging%20tactics%20of%20sea%20otters&author=J. A. Estes&author=R. J. Jameson&author=&author=A. M. Johnson" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li> <li id="B40">j·a·埃斯蒂斯m . t .修补和j·l .锥子”使用生态功能开发恢复标准枯竭的物种:海獭和海带森林在阿留申群岛,“<gydF4y2Bai>保护生物学</gydF4y2Bai>,24卷,不。3、852 - 860年,2010页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2009.01428.x">出版商的网站</gydF4y2Baa><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Using%20ecological%20function%20to%20develop%20recovery%20criteria%20for%20depleted%20species:%20sea%20otters%20and%20kelp%20forests%20in%20the%20Aleutian%20archipelago&author=J. A. Estes&author=M. T. Tinker&author=&author=J. L. Bodkin&publication_year=2010" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li> <li id="B59">k·w·凯尼恩<gydF4y2Bai>太平洋东部的海獭</gydF4y2Bai>,多佛出版物,纽约,纽约,美国,1969年。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks"></span></li> <li id="B97">d . w . Stephens和j·r·克雷布斯<gydF4y2Bai>觅食理论</gydF4y2Bai>美国新泽西州普林斯顿大学,普林斯顿大学出版社,1986年。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks"></span></li> <li id="B74">s . h . Lorentsen k Sjøtun, d . Gremillet”Multi-trophic海带收获的后果。”<gydF4y2Bai>生物保护</gydF4y2Bai>,卷143,不。9日,第2062 - 2054页,2010年。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2010.05.013">出版商的网站</gydF4y2Baa><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Multi-trophic%20consequences%20of%20kelp%20harvest&author=S. H. Lorentsen&author=K. Sjøtun&author=&author=D. Grémillet&publication_year=2010" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li> <li id="B46">j·k·b·福特和通用汽车埃利斯“选择性吃虎鲸觅食<gydF4y2Bai>Orcinus虎鲸</gydF4y2Bai>在不列颠哥伦比亚省,”<gydF4y2Bai>《海洋生态发展系列</gydF4y2Bai>卷,316年,第199 - 185页,2006年。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://doi.org/10.3354/meps316185">出版商的网站</gydF4y2Baa><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Selective%20foraging%20by%20fish-eating%20killer%20whales%20Orcinus%20orca%20in%20British%20Columbia&author=J. K. B. Ford &author=G. M. Ellis&publication_year=2006" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li> <li id="B49">d . l . Garshelis<gydF4y2Bai>在阿拉斯加威廉王子湾,生态学的海獭</gydF4y2Bai>,博士论文,明尼苏达大学,明尼阿波利斯,明尼苏达州,美国,1983年。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks"></span></li> <li id="B22">大肠Cruz-Rivera和m . e .干草质量替代数量吗?食物的选择,补充喂养,和海洋mesograzers健身。”<gydF4y2Bai>生态</gydF4y2Bai>,卷81,不。1,第219 - 201页,2000。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Can%20quantity%20replace%20quality?%20Food%20choice,%20compensatory%20feeding,%20and%20fitness%20of%20marine%20mesograzers&author=E. Cruz-Rivera &author=M. E. Hay&publication_year=2000" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li> <li id="B17">e . l . Charnov“最佳觅食,边际值定理”<gydF4y2Bai>人口生物学理论</gydF4y2Bai>,9卷,不。2、129 - 136年,1976页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Optimal%20foraging,%20the%20marginal%20value%20theorem&author=E. L. Charnov&publication_year=1976" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li> <li id="B1">p·a·艾布拉姆斯“觅食时间优化和相互作用在食物网中,“<gydF4y2Bai>美国博物学家</gydF4y2Bai>,卷124,不。1,第96 - 80页,1984。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://doi.org/10.1086/284253">出版商的网站</gydF4y2Baa><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Foraging%20time%20optimization%20and%20interactions%20in%20food%20webs&author=P. A. Abrams&publication_year=1984" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li> <li id="B58">j . a .球队“基底mustelids能量代谢,”<gydF4y2Bai>比较生理学杂志</gydF4y2Bai>,卷81,不。4、341 - 344年,1972页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00697754">出版商的网站</gydF4y2Baa><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Basal%20energy%20metabolism%20of%20mustelids&author=J. A. Iversen&publication_year=1972" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li> <li id="B44">j·a·埃斯蒂斯·k·e·安德伍德,m . j . Karmann“加州海獭的活动时间预算,”<gydF4y2Bai>野生动物管理》杂志上</gydF4y2Bai>,50卷,不。4、626 - 636年,1986页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Activity-time%20budgets%20of%20sea%20otters%20in%20California&author=J. A. Estes&author=K. E. Underwood&author=&author=M. J. Karmann&publication_year=1986" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li> <li id="B88">k·罗尔斯和d . b . Siniff“时间预算和活动模式在加州海獭,”<gydF4y2Bai>野生动物管理》杂志上</gydF4y2Bai>,54卷,不。2、251 - 259年,1990页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Time%20budgets%20and%20activity%20patterns%20in%20California%20sea%20otters&author=K. Ralls &author=D. B. Siniff&publication_year=1990" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li> <li id="B99">m . t .修补<gydF4y2Bai>来源的觅食行为的变化和人口的海獭,Enhydra lutris</gydF4y2Bai>博士论文,加州大学圣克鲁斯分校,加州,美国,2004年。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks"></span></li> <li id="B50">d . l . Garshelis和j·a . Garshelis”运动和管理海獭在阿拉斯加,”<gydF4y2Bai>野生动物管理》杂志上</gydF4y2Bai>,48卷,不。3、665 - 678年,1984页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Movements%20and%20management%20of%20sea%20otters%20in%20Alaska&author=D. L. Garshelis &author=J. A. Garshelis&publication_year=1984" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li> <li id="B34">j·a·埃斯蒂斯“海獭的数量增长和平衡”,<gydF4y2Bai>动物生态学杂志</gydF4y2Bai>卷,59号2、385 - 401年,1990页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Growth%20and%20equilibrium%20in%20sea%20otter%20populations&author=J. A. Estes&publication_year=1990" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li> <li id="B64">r·g·Kvitek c·e·鲍比和m . Staedler”饮食和觅食行为的海獭在阿拉斯加东南部,”<gydF4y2Bai>海洋哺乳动物科学</gydF4y2Bai>,9卷,不。2、168 - 181年,1993页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Diet%20and%20foraging%20behavior%20of%20sea%20otters%20in%20southeast%20Alaska&author=R. G. Kvitek&author=C. E. Bowlby&author=&author=M. Staedler&publication_year=1993" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li> <li id="B65">k . l . Laidre和r·j·詹姆逊”觅食模式和猎物选择在人口增加和扩大海獭,”<gydF4y2Bai>哺乳动物学杂志》</gydF4y2Bai>,卷87,不。4、799 - 807年,2006页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://doi.org/10.1644/05-MAMM-A-244R2.1">出版商的网站</gydF4y2Baa><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Foraging%20patterns%20and%20prey%20selection%20in%20an%20increasing%20and%20expanding%20sea%20otter%20population&author=K. L. Laidre &author=R. J. Jameson&publication_year=2006" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li> <li id="B28">a . m . Doroff和a。r . DeGange海獭,<gydF4y2Bai>Enhydra lutris</gydF4y2Bai>,猎物成分和觅食的成功科迪亚克群岛北部,“<gydF4y2Bai>美国国家海洋渔业服务渔业公告</gydF4y2Bai>卷,92年,第710 - 704页,1994年。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Sea%20otter,%20Enhydra%20lutris,%20prey%20composition%20and%20foraging%20success%20in%20the%20northern%20Kodiak%20Archipelago&author=A. M. Doroff &author=A. R. DeGange&publication_year=1994" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li> <li id="B86">r·t·潘恩“控制操作在海洋潮间带生态理论,和他们的贡献”<gydF4y2Bai>场景变化的自然科学,1776 - 1976</gydF4y2Bai>克莱德·Goulden Ed,页245 - 270,自然科学院,费城,宾夕法尼亚州,美国,1977年。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Controlled%20manipulations%20in%20the%20marine%20intertidal%20zone%20and%20their%20contributions%20to%20ecological%20theory&author=R. T. Paine&publication_year=1977" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li> </ol> </div> <div class="xml-content"> <h4 class="copyright" id="copyright">版权</gydF4y2Bah4> <p>版权©2012内森·l·斯图尔特和布兰达东部赫拉。这是一个开放的分布式下文章<gydF4y2Baa rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/">知识共享归属许可</gydF4y2Baa>,它允许无限制的使用、分配和复制在任何媒介,提供最初的工作是正确引用。</gydF4y2Bap> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> <div class="biblio__Wrapper-sc-1nou1lz-0 eyHfWh journal_article__BiblioIntegratorWidget-sc-12fk6zy-5 dbAANp article_widget biblioWrapper hide"> <hr> <h4 class="biblio__H4-sc-1nou1lz-2 becpDt hrTitleRef">更多相关文章</gydF4y2Bah4> <div id="biblio_widget" class="biblio__BiblioWrapper-sc-1nou1lz-1 kCVTCa"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="threeColumn__RightWrapper-sc-1bf4078-2 jzTMLK rightWrapper" id="rightSectionMenu"> <div> <div class="journal_article__ArticleStickyTopToolbar-sc-12fk6zy-0 gbrQxi article_sticky_top_toolbar"> <div class="sc-cBdUnI hRnXob article_top_toolbar"> <a 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height="24"><span class="text">下载引用</gydF4y2Baspan></span><span class="sc-htoDjs bqeMOy sc-dqBHgY cQgXqt fileArrow icon-colored _3P4iUn1NDM5G77nWCamJ4l icon-themeable" title="" font-size="20"></span></a> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-jtRfpW dIjoCg sc-BngTV hmDWcT ref_desktop" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jmb/2012/492308.ris" aria-label="" target="" id="toolbar__dcNavSmall"><span><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl sc-kTUwUJ eujois" title="" role="presentation" 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height="24"><span class="text">引用</gydF4y2Baspan></span><span class="sc-htoDjs bqeMOy sc-dqBHgY cQgXqt fileArrow icon-colored _3P4iUn1NDM5G77nWCamJ4l icon-themeable" title="" font-size="20"></span></a> </div> </div> <div class="journal_article__ArticleStickyBottomToolbar-sc-12fk6zy-1 isgRZA article_sticky_bottom_toolbar"> <div class="sc-cTjmhe ihmyEq article_bottom_toolbar"> <div class="sc-cugefK itFKcQ accordion" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8" id="toolbar__dofNav"> <span><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl sc-bfYoXt cGuwDn" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="24"><span class="sc-dRFtgE jrsDZP">下载其他格式</gydF4y2Baspan><span class="sc-gkFcWv gWTCXQ">更多的</gydF4y2Baspan></span> <span class="sc-htoDjs bMdQcY sc-gbOuXE jGPvPL icon-colored _1CwL9R82TPl2HxDleeYGDR icon-themeable" title="" font-size="11"></span> </div> <div class="sc-fnwBNb etzuBr"> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-iNhVCk gWgCNb open_panel" href="//www.newsama.com/downloads/journals/jmb/2012/492308.epub" aria-label="ePub" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"> <div class="sc-eAKXzc WHkfb"> ePub</gydF4y2Badiv><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl sc-bfYoXt cGuwDn" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="24"></a> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-iNhVCk gWgCNb open_panel" href="//www.newsama.com/downloads/journals/jmb/2012/492308.xml" aria-label="XML" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"> <div class="sc-eAKXzc WHkfb"> XML</gydF4y2Badiv><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl sc-bfYoXt cGuwDn" title="" role="presentation" 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height="24"><span class="sc-dRFtgE jrsDZP">订单打印副本</gydF4y2Baspan><span class="sc-gkFcWv gWTCXQ">订单</gydF4y2Baspan></span><span class="sc-htoDjs kNoiZu sc-gbOuXE jGPvPL right__icon icon-colored _32KP5uexH-Bgs7Kj8Gk1Tz icon-themeable" title="" font-size="16"></span></a> <div class="sc-hBbWxd kdRRST"> <div class="sc-dyGzUR cHatnS"> <div> 的观点<gydF4y2Baspan>13747年</gydF4y2Baspan> </div> <div> 下载<gydF4y2Baspan>2035年</gydF4y2Baspan> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sc-drKuOJ kxdGAZ"> <span class="__dimensions_badge_embed__" data-doi="10.1155/2012/492308" data-style="small_circle"></span>引用</gydF4y2Badiv> </div> </div> <nav class="sc-bRBYWo fXBKFa sc-hUfwpO jHPgUP" id="toolbar__iconNav"> <h3 class="sc-Rmtcm hNPrIr">分享文章</gydF4y2Bah3> <ul class="sc-hzDkRC bnbfTS"> <li class="iconBorder"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link" href="https://twitter.com/share?url=https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/492308&via=Hindawi" aria-label="Sharing on Twitter" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><img alt="" 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