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no-repeat 6px;background-position:center;margin-top:10px;min-width:55px;display:none;} @media (min-width:768px){.bOisgm .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .expand_btn{display:none;}} .bOisgm .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-text{-webkit-flex:9;-ms-flex:9;flex:9;text-align:left;padding:21px 37px 10px 0px;font-size:16px;font-weight:700;} @media (min-width:768px){.bOisgm .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-text{padding:19px 18px 10px 18px;}} @media (min-width:992px){.bOisgm .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-text{padding:19px 21px 10px 21px;}} .bOisgm .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-partial-url{-webkit-flex:1;-ms-flex:1;flex:1;background:url('data:image/svg+xml;base64,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') no-repeat 6px;background-position:center;padding:16px 0 16px 0;min-width:62px;max-width:62px;} @media (min-width:768px){.bOisgm .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-partial-url{padding:16px 0 17px 0;min-width:52px;max-width:52px;}} @media (min-width:992px){.bOisgm .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-partial-url{padding:15px 0 17px 0;min-width:60px;max-width:60px;}} .bOisgm .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-partial-url:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;} .bOisgm .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption-text{font-size:14px;padding:0px 18px 17px 22px;} @media (min-width:768px){.bOisgm .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption-text{padding:0px 15px 15px 18px;}} @media (min-width:992px){.bOisgm .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption-text{padding:0px 18px 19px 21px;}} .bOisgm .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption-text figcaption{margin:0;padding:0;} .bOisgm .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption-text svg{max-width:100%;} .bOisgm ol{font-size:16px;padding-left:32px;font-family:STIXGeneral-Regular;line-height:24px;margin:15px 0;} .bOisgm ol li{margin:10px 0;padding-left:10px;word-break:normal;} .bOisgm ol li a{word-break:break-all;} .bOisgm ol li .reflinks{display:block;} .bOisgm ol li .reflinks a{color:#4D8A17;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:pointer;} .bOisgm ol li .reflinks a:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;} .bOisgm ol li .reflinks .sep{color:#000000;} .bOisgm .table-wrapper{width:auto;overflow-x:auto;} .bOisgm .table-wrapper::-webkit-scrollbar{-webkit-appearance:none;width:5px;height:5px;} .bOisgm .table-wrapper::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb{border-radius:5px;background-color:rgba(0,0,0,.5);-webkit-box-shadow:0 0 1px rgba(255,255,255,.5);} @media (min-width:768px){.bOisgm .table-wrapper{overflow-x:auto;width:auto;-webkit-break-word:word-break;break-word:word-break;margin:0 auto;}} @media (min-width:992px){.bOisgm .table-wrapper{width:auto;}} @media (min-width:1324px){.bOisgm .table-wrapper{width:auto;}} @media (min-width:320px){.bOisgm{margin-bottom:33px;padding:0;}} @media (min-width:992px){.bOisgm{padding:0;margin-bottom:100px;}} @media (min-width:1325px){.bOisgm{margin-bottom:100px;}} .bOisgm .owl-stage{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;} .bOisgm .floats-partial-middle--thumbs{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;} .bOisgm .floats-partial-middle--thumbs .partial-carousel-dot svg{fill:#4D8A17;width:100%;} .bOisgm .floats-partial-middle--thumbs .partial-carousel-dot strong{color:#4D8A17;font-weight:500;} .bOisgm .floats-partial-middle--thumbs .partial-carousel-dot.active strong{color:#007B8B;} .bOisgm 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img{width:100%;max-height:239px;height:auto;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.bOisgm .partial-carousel--single-image img{max-height:357px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.bOisgm .partial-carousel--single-image img{max-height:417px;}} .bOisgm .partial-carousel--single-image strong{font-size:11px;padding-top:12px;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.bOisgm .partial-carousel--single-image strong{font-size:16px;}} .bOisgm .owl-nav,.bOisgm .owl-dots{display:none;} .bOisgm .partial-carousel-wrapper .owl-loaded{position:relative;height:auto;max-height:287px;} @media (min-width:767.6px){.bOisgm .partial-carousel-wrapper .owl-loaded{max-height:414px;}} @media (min-width:767.5px){.bOisgm .partial-carousel-wrapper .owl-loaded{max-height:477px;}} .bOisgm .partial-carousel-wrapper .floats-partial-content,.bOisgm .owl-stage-outer,.bOisgm .owl-stage{max-height:287px;height:auto;} @media (min-width:767.6px){.bOisgm .partial-carousel-wrapper .floats-partial-content,.bOisgm .owl-stage-outer,.bOisgm .owl-stage{max-height:414px;}} @media (min-width:767.5px){.bOisgm .partial-carousel-wrapper .floats-partial-content,.bOisgm .owl-stage-outer,.bOisgm .owl-stage{max-height:477px;}} .bOisgm .partial-carousel-wrapper .floats-partial-content::after,.bOisgm .owl-stage-outer::after,.bOisgm .owl-stage::after{background:transparent;} .bOisgm .partial-carousel-wrapper .floats-partial-middle--thumbs{width:100%;overflow-x:auto;-webkit-align-items:self-start;-webkit-box-align:self-start;-ms-flex-align:self-start;align-items:self-start;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.bOisgm .partial-carousel-wrapper .floats-partial-middle--thumbs{width:calc(100% - 110px);}} .bOisgm .partial-carousel-wrapper .floats-partial-middle--nav{width:100%;position:relative;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.bOisgm .partial-carousel-wrapper .floats-partial-middle--nav{width:20%;}} .bOisgm .floats-partial-middle{position:relative;} .bOisgm .partial-carousel-wrapper 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href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jce/" aria-label="Journal of Cancer Epidemiology">癌症流行病学杂志</一个>/<一个class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-gGCbJM eslOan breadCrumb" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jce/contents/year/2012/" aria-label="2012">2012年</一个>/<gydF4y2Baspan class="sc-lcpuFF dIyyAR">文章</gydF4y2Baspan> </div> <div class="threeColumn__ThreeColumnWrapper-sc-1bf4078-0 comSpQ threeColumnWrapper"> <div class="threeColumn__LeftWrapper-sc-1bf4078-1 fkVFlF leftWrapper"> <button type="button" class="sc-jeCdPy hPDggI section__button " id="sectionButton"><span class="sc-htoDjs diutvq icon__dots dots__detector icon-colored _3n-7Ho7DlfjMlZbrRr9Q4a icon-themeable" title="" font-size="22"></span>文章部分</gydF4y2Babutton> <div class="sc-gtfDJT eVAVoo static_contents__section_links links__hidden "> <div id="leftSectionMenu" class="sc-GMQeP fMysxi sc-eInJlc cfvYGB left_section_menu"> <p>在这一页上</gydF4y2Bap> <span class="sc-hzDEsm gxpLsG grey" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-fOICqy iXqXlM" href="#abstract" aria-label="">文摘</一个></span> <span class="sc-hzDEsm gxpLsG grey" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-fOICqy iXqXlM" href="#introduction" aria-label="">介绍</一个></span> <span class="sc-hzDEsm gxpLsG grey" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-fOICqy iXqXlM" href="#materials-and-methods" aria-label="">材料和方法</一个></span> <span class="sc-hzDEsm gxpLsG grey" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-fOICqy iXqXlM" href="#results" aria-label="">结果</一个></span> <span class="sc-hzDEsm gxpLsG grey" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-fOICqy iXqXlM" href="#discussion" aria-label="">讨论</一个></span> <span class="sc-hzDEsm gxpLsG grey" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-fOICqy iXqXlM" href="#conclusions" aria-label="">结论</一个></span> <span 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article_header_class"> <p class="sc-hzNEM exLcDH article_type">研究文章|<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->开放获取</gydF4y2Bap> <div class="sc-chbbiW kzNyka article_citation"> 体积<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> 2012年<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> <span class="sc-cooIXK hCCmjz">|</gydF4y2Baspan>文章的ID<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> 291704年<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> <span class="sc-cooIXK hCCmjz">|</gydF4y2Baspan> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-fcdeBU dJIaji" href="https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/291704" aria-label="Doi-link">https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/291704</一个> </div> <div class="sc-bmyXtO gDNLQN article_full_citation"> <div class="sc-jtggT bycqoT isHide"> <p>Haojie,伊丽莎白·霍奇森Amit Shukla Jeanenne j·尼尔森的路易丝·沃森<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> ”<gydF4y2Baspan>合并症和伴随的药物在前列腺癌患者使用或高水平的PSA与匹配控制:“点分析</gydF4y2Baspan>”,<gydF4y2Ba!-- --><i>癌症流行病学杂志</gydF4y2Bai>,<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> 卷。<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->2012年<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> 文章的ID<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->291704年<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> 13<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->   页面<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> 2012年<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->。<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/291704</gydF4y2Bap> </div> <button class="sc-iAyFgw irxuxk sc-dEoRIm jkPgtr" color="">显示引用</gydF4y2Babutton> </div> <h1 class="sc-gPEVay iUuzmH sc-kxynE cNkSqZ article_title heading-title">合并症和伴随的药物在前列腺癌患者使用或高水平的PSA与匹配控制:“点分析</gydF4y2Bah1> </div> <div class="sc-gpHHfC cdKJIh article_authors"> <hr class="sc-gPzReC jVvWtU hr__author"> <span class=""><b>Haojie李</gydF4y2Bab><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link" href="mailto:" aria-label="Mail Option"><span class="sc-htoDjs kNoiZu sc-gVyKpa kNPCsS icon-colored _2zt-1j0LmaF8UjTQAM413G icon-themeable" title="" font-size="16"></span></a><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link" href="http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6233-8603" aria-label="Redirect to Doi" target="_blank"><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje iiusBg sc-eXNvrr jzSEeN" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="16"></a>,<gydF4y2Basup>1</gydF4y2Basup></span> <span class="">伊丽莎白·霍奇森<一个class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link" href="http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2089-2689" aria-label="Redirect to Doi" target="_blank"><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje iiusBg sc-eXNvrr jzSEeN" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="16"></a>,<gydF4y2Basup>2</gydF4y2Basup></span> <span class="">露易丝·沃森<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<gydF4y2Basup>3</gydF4y2Basup></span> <span class="">阿米特·舒克拉<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<gydF4y2Basup>1</gydF4y2Basup> 和</gydF4y2Baspan> <span class="">Jeanenne j·纳尔逊<gydF4y2Basup>2</gydF4y2Basup></span> <div class="sc-kQsIoO lnoGXA isHide"> <p><sup>1</gydF4y2Basup><span>定量科学部门,在全球范围内流行病学、研发、葛兰素史克、Collegeville, PA 19426,美国</gydF4y2Baspan></p> <p><sup>2</gydF4y2Basup><span>定量科学部门,在全球范围内流行病学、研发、葛兰素史克、美国27709年数控,三角研究园</gydF4y2Baspan></p> <p><sup>3</gydF4y2Basup><span>EPIPharmaCo鹪鹩集团有限公司、巴克斯顿,英国</gydF4y2Baspan></p> </div> <button class="sc-iAyFgw irxuxk sc-cpmKsF dxqSPm" color="">显示更多</gydF4y2Babutton> </div> <div class="articleContent__EditorWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-3 evMkvU"> <div class="articleContent__TextWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-8 fYrLtk"> <b>学术编辑器:</gydF4y2Bab>Emanuela Taioli</gydF4y2Badiv> <div class="articleContent__PublicationTimeLineWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-4 fjviok"> <div class="articleContent__PublcationCol-sc-2yl9jy-5 hgKieC notPublished"> <span class="articleContent__PublicationField-sc-2yl9jy-6 cIribm">收到了</gydF4y2Baspan> <span class="articleContent__PublicationValue-sc-2yl9jy-7 khHUcu">2011年11月04</gydF4y2Baspan> </div> <div class="articleContent__PublcationCol-sc-2yl9jy-5 hgKieC notPublished"> <span class="articleContent__PublicationField-sc-2yl9jy-6 cIribm">修改后的</gydF4y2Baspan> <span class="articleContent__PublicationValue-sc-2yl9jy-7 khHUcu">2012年2月02</gydF4y2Baspan> </div> <div class="articleContent__PublcationCol-sc-2yl9jy-5 hgKieC notPublished"> <span class="articleContent__PublicationField-sc-2yl9jy-6 cIribm">接受</gydF4y2Baspan> <span class="articleContent__PublicationValue-sc-2yl9jy-7 khHUcu">2012年2月02</gydF4y2Baspan> </div> <div class="articleContent__PublcationCol-sc-2yl9jy-5 hgKieC isPublished"> <span class="articleContent__PublicationField-sc-2yl9jy-6 cIribm">发表</gydF4y2Baspan> <span class="articleContent__PublicationValue-sc-2yl9jy-7 khHUcu">2012年4月11日</gydF4y2Baspan> </div> </div> </div> <article class="sc-hgHYgh bOisgm article_body "> <div> <div class="xml-content"> <h4 class="header" id="abstract">文摘</gydF4y2Bah4> <p>疾病影响筛查实践,治疗选择,生活质量和生存。并发症和药物使用可能使患者更大的风险的不利影响特定的干预措施。我们进行了一项纵向队列研究惯例研究数据库中更好地理解并发症和患者在服用药物或前列腺癌(CaP)的风险。相比之下,男性年龄相仿,但没有帽,帽病人尿路感染的发生率较高,阳痿和乳房疾病,和全因死亡率高2.6倍。男性的前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)但是没有帽子,死亡率略低,和更少的并发症和药物使用的差异被发现与男性相比没有PSA升高。许多常见的并发症和药物是一致的跨组织和一个年长的男性人口的典型。这些真实的数据是广泛适用的在整个药物研发周期和随后的病人管理。</gydF4y2Bap> <span class="end-abs"></span> <h4 id="introduction">1。介绍</gydF4y2Bah4> <p>前列腺癌(CaP)是最常见的nonskin癌症和第二或第三大死因从发达国家男性癌症<一个href="#B1">1</一个>]。在英国,每年有超过36000人被诊断为上限,由四分之一的男性中被诊断出癌症。尽管在英国约有10000人死于帽,2008年为帽患者存活率显著改变了过去40年。目前超过75%的上限病人生存超过5年,相比之下,不到三分之一的患者5年生存在1970年代;微分是十年更大的生存经验现在40年前相比<一个href="#B2">2</一个>]。因此,限制病人的人口。此外,在这一大群,从帽preponderantl疾病负担的老年男性,男性70岁或以上包括在英国一半以上的患者人群。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>因此,限制患者常常存在医疗先进与年龄相关的并发症(<一个href="#B3">3</一个>]。的数量和类型病人的共病已经通知治疗选择帽子在临床实践中,较少用于积极治疗合并症增加(<一个href="#B4">4</一个>- - - - - -<一个href="#B9">9</一个>]。合并症分数已被证明预测结果从末泌尿系并发症(<一个href="#B10">10</一个>)总生存期(<一个href="#B11">11</一个>)接受根治性前列腺切除术的男性。此外,特定的并发症,或大量的并发症,已经使用在某些情况下排除来自临床试验的患者由于担心增加不良事件的风险(<一个href="#B12">12</一个>]。因此,彻底了解帽患者并发症的发生在真实的设置对药物开发具有重要影响,临床实践和病人管理。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>虽然迄今为止已经有良好的工作记录并发症治疗决策的影响男性与帽,这些研究有一些限制从临床的角度开发新型治疗或预防药物。许多研究研究疾病的存在只在最初的时候盖的诊断。稀疏的信息描述共病的疾病在治疗阶段出现的疾病。此外,一些研究限制共病信息意图的成绩分析每个病人的整体“风险”,而不是检查特定的并发症。此外,只有一项研究报道日期限制患者相比一个年龄相仿non-CaP组。量化的具体伴随疾病在人群中预防或治疗期间的病人,密切反映用户上下文的新的治疗方法,把这些利率利率从年龄相仿的人群是有用的。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>因此,从先前的研究来补充身体的信息,我们进行了一项纵向队列研究一般实践研究数据库(大)男性帽和特定的并发症和药物在这些男性相比,一个时代,练习,和长度followup-matched组控制。除了并发症患病率在最初的癌症诊断,我们检查了后续期间主要并发症的发生率大约四年为整个观察期和整体生存在这两种情况下和控制。我们进一步定义一群男人帽的风险,证明了2个或更多的海拔在PSA水平在12个月内,但是没有帽子,和匹配这个癌高危人群,探索背景non-PSA-elevated控制人口患病率,发病率,药物使用利率作为一个框架,用于更好地理解病人在我们的一个主要的持续的临床发展项目。</gydF4y2Bap> <h4 id="objectives">2。目标</gydF4y2Bah4> <p>本研究的目的是比较并存病的患病率和发病率和伴随的药物使用和男性患者的总体生存帽,帽的危险,定义为在前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)水平> 2.5 ng / mL但是没有帽子,同龄的男性没有限制和PSA升高。并发症或新发生的事件的具体利益包括尿路感染(UTI)、阳痿,乳腺疾病,高血压、急性冠脉综合征、心肌梗死、心绞痛、中风、充血性心力衰竭、心律失常,下肢动脉闭塞性疾病、II型糖尿病,高脂血症,条件选择的相关性的年龄段男性和报道事件或限制的风险。</gydF4y2Bap> <h4 id="materials-and-methods">3所示。材料和方法</gydF4y2Bah4> <p>这项研究是回顾性的纵向队列研究的男性比较大,包括数据从8月1日1998年7月31日,2008年。我们获得的机构审查委员会(IRB)批准进行这项研究。大是一个基于电子病历数据库在英国。数据来自全科医生所使用的计算机系统(GPs)来维持临床记录在他们的实践和包含所有初级护理记录被认为与病人护理有关。数据质量监控一直由英国药物和保健产品监管署(MHRA),未维护所需的标准和实践从数据库中删除。目前,数据收集从613年在英国通用实践,从970万名患者提供信息与记录系统在任何时间点和450万年目前注册的病人。平均随访6.6年(平均5.0年),目前注册的病人。</gydF4y2Bap> <h5 id="sec3.1">3.1。研究人群</gydF4y2Bah5> <p>男性≥18岁大,我们确定了两个群的人,被称为“病例”:男性帽没有记录的癌症诊断代码除了帽和nonmelanoma皮肤癌和至少两个男人PSA升高的结果,定义为PSA > 2.5 ng / mL,但没有上限的诊断。考虑到有一个连续的限制风险的PSA值,没有割点的PSA同时高敏感性和高特异性识别帽(<一个href="#B13">13</一个>],PSA > 2.5 ng / mL被选择符合入选标准的正在进行的临床试验。与PSA升高一个人继续在帽帽是只包括组。第一帽诊断日期索引日期为每个帽病人,和日期当第一个高PSA结果记录索引日期为每个人PSA升高但没有上限。第二个PSA升高的结果必须记录在索引日期后12个月,以确保一个真正积极的结果,患者可能有假阳性或可能有由于急性尿路感染水平升高。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>对于每一个案例,一个控制选择那些没有诊断码帽,没有良性前列腺条件,也就是说,良性前列腺增生(BPH)和/或前列腺炎,也没有PSA升高的结果,但至少有一个PSA测定在整个10年的观察期。情况下,然而,诊断为前列腺炎或前列腺肥大。病例和控制匹配年龄(±1年如果可能,±5年允许),地区的实践,长度的随访,观察期间(2003年8月1日,1998年7月31日或8月1日,2003年7月31日,2008年)。匹配区域的练习是为了确保类似的社会经济因素,如收入和获得健康保险或得分利用初级卫生保健、病例与控制。替代是不允许的。索引日期为每个控制一样的索引日期匹配情况。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>我们只包括那些人,至少有12个月历史的大索引日期之前为了充分评估之前出现的疾病或感兴趣的事件。男人必须有至少3个月的随访postindex日期要包含在postindex日期普遍的并发症和药物分析。没有最低后续所需的分析事件并发症和药物,使得包含不健康(例如,靠近终端)帽病人,导致人口上限推广普及。药物使用,我们限制人口的子群的男性指数之间的日期8月1日2003年7月31日,2008年,为了提供更多的药物使用最新的模式。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>基线特征包括年龄索引日期、区域实践(定义为东部、南部、北部伦敦,和其他人),吸烟状态(定义为从不,当前和过去的),和PSA水平。PSA水平分为≤2.5,2.51 -10年,> 10 ng / mL。他们也分类的年龄相关性英国截止值≥3.0 ng / mL 50 - 59岁之间的男性年≥4.0 ng / mL 60 - 69岁的男性,以及男性> 5.0 ng / mL 70岁,患前列腺癌的风险管理计划(推荐的<一个href="#B14">14</一个>]。</gydF4y2Bap> <h5 id="sec3.2">3.2。研究结果</gydF4y2Bah5> <p>疾病和特定利益的事件包括泌尿道感染,阳痿,乳腺疾病,高血压、急性冠脉综合征、心肌梗死、心绞痛、中风、充血性心力衰竭、心律失常,下肢动脉闭塞性疾病、II型糖尿病、高脂血症和定义根据阅读和OXMIS代码。一般并发症进行整个队列的男性中,所列的MedDRA高层。药物评估在一群大男人的后五年内(即。,index dates between August 1, 2003 and July 31, 2008), listed by class per British National Formulary (BNF) header within the product files. Patient mortality status (yes/no) was used for calculating the all-cause mortality rates. Causes of death were obtained for approximately 60% of patients in GPRD, those who had consented to the linkage to the Office for National Statistics (ONS) death data. The underlying causes of death were recorded and described according to the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision (ICD-10) [<一个href="#B15">15</一个>]。个别事件的频率超过2%和超过3%的系统报告的疾病。</gydF4y2Bap> <h5 id="sec3.3">3.3。统计分析</gydF4y2Bah5> <p>我们比较两个案例组基线特征成功地控制匹配的情况下,我们无法匹配。在每个匹配集合,我们比较的基线特征每个病例组各自的对照组。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>并发症的特殊利益,我们检查了患病率在12个月前索引日期和整个随访期间的累计发病率。累积发生率进行分析在高危人群中只由男性没有记录具体的共病事件索引日期前12个月期间。男人离开了大数据系统在随访中由于缺乏持续的活动(没有任何诊断或治疗的记录在12个月),已知的传输系统,或死亡是包含在高危的分母。我们评估了发病率,人力(PY),在12和48个月的随访,探讨了两个时期之间的趋势。发病率计算占不同程度的随访,与PY计算指数之间的时间间隔日期和事件的日期,日期时变得不活跃,他们转移出大系统的日期,死亡的日期,或7月31日,2008年,哪个是第一位的。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>捕捉最常发生并发症和处方药的使用,我们检查了流行指数日期前12个月(pre-period)以及索引日期后12个月(邮递期间)。我们比较案例之间的流行与控制在每一个时期,然后在pre-period和邮递期间内每组。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>策划,kaplan - meier生存曲线和全因死亡率估计帽的男性,男性PSA升高但没有帽,和他们匹配控制在10年期间。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>所有使用SAS 9.1.3版本进行分析,显著性水平<gydF4y2Basvg height="11.1" id="M1" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:55.674999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 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1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="90.946823" y="0"> /</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="94.422653" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,28.7,60.28)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,36.35,63.41)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.591721" y="0"> /</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.067554" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,63.64,60.28)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,在那里<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.925" id="M5" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:13.9875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 13.9875 10.925" width="13.9875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.925)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.26)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.74,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>=在病例和计数<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.925" id="M6" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:13.9875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 13.9875 10.925" width="13.9875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.925)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.26)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.74,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>=计数控制。日志(RR)及其方差的估计被用来执行<gydF4y2Basvg height="7.375" id="M7" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:7.9250002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 7.9250002 7.375" width="7.9250002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-66.1)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.32)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>零假设的测试。没有配对的测试考虑情况下和控制,因此保守。没有调整为多个比较。</gydF4y2Bap> <h4 id="results">4所示。结果</gydF4y2Bah4> <h5 id="sec4.1">4.1。基线特征</gydF4y2Bah5> <p>3036年大帽与PSA升高患者和11339名男性,但没有确定帽。其中,匹配成功的86%上限患者和89%的PSA升高但没有上限。无与伦比的病例(420帽与PSA升高患者和1211名男性,但没有限制)是比匹配的情况下(平均年龄81年与68或72年,职责。),大比例的PSA > 10毫克/毫升(35%和20%,分别地)。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>帽患者比男性略老PSA升高但没有上限,与平均年龄分别为72年和68年(表<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jce/2012/291704/tab1/" target="_blank">1</一个>)。在两种情况下组,将近一半的人是不吸烟者和13 - 16%是吸烟者。男性PSA升高但没有上限,19.7%有PSA水平在10 ng / mL;使用英国年龄截止值,根据国家卫生服务指导,只有75%的男性会被列为PSA升高。</gydF4y2Bap> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="tab1"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-tab1"> <table class="table-group" id="tab1"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <table class="table"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="5"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" rowspan="2">研究人群</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center" colspan="2">前列腺癌患者(病例)和匹配控制</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center" colspan="2">男性PSA升高但没有帽(例)和匹配控制</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="center">情况下</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">控制</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">情况下</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">控制</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" colspan="5"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span style="width: 14.8375px;"> <svg height="10.325" id="M8" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 14.8375 10.325" width="14.8375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></td> <td align="center">2616年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">2616年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">10128年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">10128年</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">平均年龄<gydF4y2Basup>1</gydF4y2Basup>年(SD)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center" colspan="2">72 (9)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center" colspan="2">68 (9)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">地区<gydF4y2Basup>1</gydF4y2Basup>(%)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">东部</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center" colspan="2">15%</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center" colspan="2">14%</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">南部</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center" colspan="2">36%</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center" colspan="2">38%</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">北部</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center" colspan="2">30%</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center" colspan="2">28%</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">伦敦</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center" colspan="2">10%</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center" colspan="2">9%</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">其他人<gydF4y2Basup>2</gydF4y2Basup></td> <td align="center" colspan="2">9%</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center" colspan="2">11%</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">吸烟<gydF4y2Basup>3</gydF4y2Basup>(%)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">从来没有</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">49%</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">46%</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">47%</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">41%</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">当前的</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">13%</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">15%</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">12%</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">16%</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">过去的</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">38%</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">39%</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">41%</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">43%</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">PSA<gydF4y2Basup>3</gydF4y2Basup>(%)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> <td align="center"></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">≤2.5 ng / mL</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3.5%</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">100.0%</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.0%</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">100.0%</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">2.51 -10 ng / mL</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">29.5%</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">- - - - - -</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">80.3%</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">- - - - - -</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">> 10 ng / mL</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">67.0%</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">- - - - - -</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">19.7%</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">- - - - - -</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">升高<gydF4y2Basup>4</gydF4y2Basup></td> <td align="center">93.9%</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">- - - - - -</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">74.9%</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">- - - - - -</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">不高</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">6.1%</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">100.0%</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">25.1%</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">100.0%</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr class="table-tr"> <td colspan="5"> <hr class="tbody-hr"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> <tr class="table-fn"> <td><sup>1</gydF4y2Basup>匹配的因素。<gydF4y2Babr><sup>2</gydF4y2Basup>北爱尔兰,苏格兰、威尔士。<gydF4y2Babr><sup>3</gydF4y2Basup>吸烟状态数据失踪168年帽病人,205上限控制,与PSA升高,511人和562名对照PSA升高;PSA数据失踪1285年盖的病人。<gydF4y2Babr><sup>4</gydF4y2Basup>基于英国的短裤,≥3.0其中50 - 59岁之间的年;≥4.0在60 - 69岁;> 5.0那些70岁。<gydF4y2Babr></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">表1</gydF4y2Baspan> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jce/2012/291704/tab1/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> 基线特征在前列腺癌患者中,男性PSA水平升高,但没有帽,和他们的惯例研究数据库中匹配的控制(大,1998 - 2008)。</gydF4y2Badiv> </div> </div> <h5 id="sec4.2">4.2。特定利益并存病的患病率和发病率</gydF4y2Bah5> <p>在索引日期前12个月内,28%的上限有前列腺炎患者前列腺肥大和2%。男性PSA升高但没有上限,13%患有良性前列腺增生,0.8%有前列腺炎(数据没有显示)。没有控制这些诊断/研究设计。两病例组中,男性要高3 - 5倍的尿和阳痿的发病率比对照组高(表<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jce/2012/291704/tab2/" target="_blank">2</一个>)。男性PSA升高但没有上限的糖尿病患病率低于他们的控制。</gydF4y2Bap> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="tab2"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-tab2"> <table class="table-group" id="tab2"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <table class="table"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="7"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" rowspan="2">伴随疾病</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center" colspan="3">限制病人和匹配控制</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center" colspan="3">男性PSA升高但没有帽和匹配控制</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="center">例(<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.8125" id="M9" style="vertical-align:-0.10033pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 35.099998 10.8125" width="35.099998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.8125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.35)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.6773224" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.71771" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,616)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">控制(<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.8125" id="M10" style="vertical-align:-0.10033pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 35.099998 10.8125" width="35.099998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.8125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.35)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.6773224" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.71771" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,616)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">或(95%置信区间)<gydF4y2Basup>2</gydF4y2Basup></td> <td align="center">例(<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.9125" id="M11" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 42.912498 10.9125" width="42.912498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.6773224" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.71771" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.969212" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,128)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">控制(<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.9125" id="M12" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 42.912498 10.9125" width="42.912498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.6773224" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.71771" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.969212" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,128)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">或(95%置信区间)<gydF4y2Basup>2</gydF4y2Basup></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" colspan="7"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">尿路感染</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">8.3 (7.2,9.3)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">2.6 (2.0,3.2)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3.4 (2.5,4.5)*</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">7.6 (7.1,8.1)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1.7 (1.5,2.0)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">4.7 (4.0,5.6)*</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">阳痿</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">4.0 (3.2,4.7)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">2.4 (1.9,3.0)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1.6 (1.2,2.3)*</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3.7 (3.3,4.1)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">2.9 (2.5,3.2)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1.3 (1.1,1.5)*</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">乳房疾病</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.2 (0.0,0.4)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.2 (0.0,0.4)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.8 (0.2,3.3)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.1 (0.1,0.2)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.2 (0.1,0.3)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.6 (0.3,1.3)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">高血压</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">7.5 (6.5,8.5)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">6.7 (5.7,7.6)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1.1 (0.9,1.4)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">5.6 (5.1,6.0)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">5.2 (4.8,5.6)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1.1 (0.95,1.2)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">中风</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1.7 (1.2,2.2)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1.6 (1.2,2.1)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1.0 (0.6,1.6)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1.0 (0.8,1.2)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.9 (0.8,1.1)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1.1 (0.8,1.4)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">急性冠脉综合征</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.9 (0.6,1.3)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1.0 (0.6,1.4)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.9 (0.5,1.7)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.6 (0.5,0.8)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.8 (0.7,1.0)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.7 (0.5,1.02)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">心绞痛</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">2.7 (2.1,3.3)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3.0 (2.4,3.7)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.9 (0.6,1.3)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1.6 (1.4,1.9)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1.8 (1.5,2.0)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.9 (0.7,1.1)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">心律不整</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3.0 (2.3,3.6)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">2.7 (2.1,3.3)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1.1 (0.8,1.5)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1.6 (1.4,1.9)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1.7 (1.5,2.0)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.9 (0.7,1.2)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">心肌梗死</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.6 (0.3,0.9)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.7 (0.4,1.0)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.9 (0.4,1.8)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.4 (0.2,0.5)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.6 (0.4,0.7)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.7 (0.4,1.02)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">充血性心力衰竭</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1.4 (0.9,1.8)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1.5 (1.0,2.0)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.9 (0.6,1.5)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.7 (0.6,0.9)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.9 (0.7,1.1)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.8 (0.6,1.1)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">高脂血症</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">2.4 (1.8,3.0)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">2.4 (1.8,3.0)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1.0 (0.7,1.5)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">2.0 (1.8,2.3)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">2.4 (2.1,2.7)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.8 (0.7,1.02)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">Low-extremity动脉闭塞性疾病</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.6 (0.3,0.9)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.5 (0.2,0.8)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1.1 (0.5,2.6)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.4 (0.3,0.5)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.5 (0.3,0.6)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.8 (0.5,1.3)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">二型糖尿病</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">2.3 (1.7,2.8)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">2.5 (1.9,3.1)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.9 (0.6,1.3)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">2.0 (1.7,2.3)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3.1 (2.7,3.4)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.6 (0.5,0.8)*</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr class="table-tr"> <td colspan="7"> <hr class="tbody-hr"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> <tr class="table-fn"> <td><sup>1</gydF4y2Basup>索引日期的日期初始帽诊断前列腺癌(CaP)患者;第一个日期与PSA升高高架男性PSA测试结果;相同的索引日期匹配情况下的控制。CI =置信区间。<gydF4y2Babr><sup>2</gydF4y2Basup>优势比和95%置信区间。<gydF4y2Babr>*例及其匹配控制之间的显著差异(<gydF4y2Basvg height="11.25" id="M13" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 56.150002 11.25" width="56.150002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.25)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.890113" y="0"> <</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.930502" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.182001" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.307751" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.559254" y="0"> 5</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)。<gydF4y2Babr></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">表2</gydF4y2Baspan> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jce/2012/291704/tab2/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> 选择并存病的患病率(95% CI)兴趣帽患者和男性PSA升高,但没有帽,与对照组相比,在12个月前惯例研究数据库中的索引日期(大,1998 - 2008)<gydF4y2Basup>1</gydF4y2Basup>。</gydF4y2Badiv> </div> </div> <p>泌尿道感染的累积发病率也显著提高,和中风的累积发病率组相比,在每种情况下匹配控制(表<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jce/2012/291704/tab3/" target="_blank">3</一个>)。与控制相比,限制患者的累积发病率也高了阳痿和乳房障碍和低累积高脂血症的发生率。男性PSA升高,但没有限制累积充血性心力衰竭的发生率较低。没有差异情况下观察和控制高血压、急性冠脉综合征,心绞痛,心肌梗塞,II型糖尿病下肢动脉疾病。</gydF4y2Bap> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="tab3"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-tab3"> <table class="table-group" id="tab3"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <table class="table"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="7"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" rowspan="2">伴随疾病</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center" colspan="3">限制病人和匹配控制</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center" colspan="3">男性PSA升高但没有帽和匹配控制</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="center">例(<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.8125" id="M14" style="vertical-align:-0.10033pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 35.099998 10.8125" width="35.099998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.8125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.35)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.6773224" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.71771" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,616)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">控制(<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.8125" id="M15" style="vertical-align:-0.10033pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 35.099998 10.8125" width="35.099998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.8125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.35)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.6773224" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.71771" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,616)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">或(95%置信区间)<gydF4y2Basup>2</gydF4y2Basup></td> <td align="center">例(<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.9125" id="M16" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 42.912498 10.9125" width="42.912498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.6773224" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.71771" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.969212" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,128)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">控制(<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.9125" id="M17" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 42.912498 10.9125" width="42.912498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.6773224" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.71771" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.969212" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,128)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">或(95%置信区间)<gydF4y2Basup>2</gydF4y2Basup></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" colspan="7"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">尿路感染</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">18.0 (16.2,19.9)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">7.7 (6.6,8.9)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">2.6 (2.2,3.2)*</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">11.0 (10.3,11.7)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">4.5 (4.1,5.0)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">2.6 (2.3,2.9)*</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">阳痿</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">12.7 (11.3,14.3)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">7.0 (6.0,8.1)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1.9 (1.6,2.4)*</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">6.6 (6.0,7.1)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">6.3 (5.8,6.9)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1.0 (0.9,1.2)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">乳房疾病</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3.3 (2.7,4.1)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1.1 (0.7,1.6)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3.0 (2.0,4.8)*</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.7 (0.5,0.8)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.6 (0.4,0.7)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1.2 (0.8,1.7)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">高血压</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">15.2 (13.3,17.1)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">14.6 (12.8,16.5)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1.0 (0.9,1.3)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">12.6 (11.8,13.5)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">12.7 11.8(11日)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1.1 (0.97,1.2)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">中风</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">4.7 (3.9,5.7)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">7.1 (6.0,8.2)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.7 (0.5,0.8)*</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">2.9 (2.5,3.2)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3.4 (3.0,3.8)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.8 (0.7,0.99)*</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">急性冠脉综合征</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3.6 (2.8,4.4)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3.8 (3.0,4.7)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.9 (0.7,1.3)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">2.1 (1.8,2.4)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">2.3 (2.0,2.7)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.9 (0.7,1.07)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">心绞痛</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3.7 (2.9,4.6)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3.4 (2.6,4.2)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1.1 (0.8,1.5)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1.9 (1.6,2.2)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">2.2 (1.9,2.5)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.8 (0.7,1.04)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">心律失常</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">6.5 (5.5,7.7)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">7.8 (6.7,9.0)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.8 (0.7,1.04)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">4.5 (4.1,5.0)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">4.8 (4.4,5.3)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.9 (0.8,1.1)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">心肌梗死</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">2.9 (2.3,3.7)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3.1 (2.4,3.9)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.9 (0.7,1.3)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1.7 (1.4,1.9)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1.9 (1.6,2.2)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.9 (0.7,1.1)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">充血性心力衰竭</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">5.6 (4.7,6.6)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">5.2 (4.4,6.2)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1.1 (0.8,1.4)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1.8 (1.6,2.1)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">2.3 (2.0,2.6)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.8 (0.6,0.9)*</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">高脂血症</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">6.6 (5.6,7.8)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">8.6 (7.4,9.9)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.8 (0.6,0.9)*</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">5.9 (5.4,6.4)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">5.6 (5.2,6.2)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1.0 (0.9,1.2)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">下肢动脉闭塞性疾病</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1.5 (1.0,2.0)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">2.2 (1.6,2.8)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.7 (0.4,1.05)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.8 (0.6,1.0)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1.0 (0.8,1.3)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.7 (0.5,1.002)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">II型糖尿病</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">5.6 (4.7,6.7)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">6.4 (5.4,7.5)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.9 (0.7,1.1)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3.9 (3.5,4.4)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">4.4 (3.9,4.8)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.9 (0.8,1.04)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr class="table-tr"> <td colspan="7"> <hr class="tbody-hr"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> <tr class="table-fn"> <td><sup>1</gydF4y2Basup>索引日期的日期初始帽诊断前列腺癌(CaP)患者;第一个日期与PSA升高高架男性PSA测试结果;相同的索引日期匹配情况下的控制。CI =置信区间;累积发病率在随访期间。<gydF4y2Babr><sup>2</gydF4y2Basup>优势比和95%置信区间。<gydF4y2Babr>*例及其匹配控制之间的显著差异(<gydF4y2Basvg height="11.25" id="M18" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 56.150002 11.25" width="56.150002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.25)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.890113" y="0"> <</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.930502" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.182001" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.307751" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.559254" y="0"> 5</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)。<gydF4y2Babr></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">表3</gydF4y2Baspan> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jce/2012/291704/tab3/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> 累积发病率(%和95% CI)感兴趣的特定的并发症在总后续索引日期限制患者后,男性PSA升高但没有帽,和他们的惯例研究数据库中匹配的控制(大,1998 - 2008)<gydF4y2Basup>1</gydF4y2Basup>。</gydF4y2Badiv> </div> </div> <p>每10000人年发病率占不同随访时间,证明了统计上显著的差异限制情况下泌尿道感染的结果和控制,阳痿,和乳房疾病。具体来说,帽患者泌尿道感染的发病率(IR)上涨近5倍,高出3.5倍的红外阳痿,和7倍的红外乳腺疾病,在12个月(表与控制<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jce/2012/291704/tab4/" target="_blank">4</一个>)。美国国税局泌尿道感染和阳痿的稳定控制但拒绝限制患者之一。例如,美国国税局的泌尿道感染,在帽的病人,867每10000人年(PY),这几乎是5倍高于控制,在最初的12个月里,和552每10000 PY, 3.5倍高于控制,诊断后48-month期间。国税局乳房疾病随时间变化不大的两个限制病人和控制。帽患者中风在12个月的红外低40%和30%到40%更高的红外高血压和充血性心力衰竭的48个月。没有其他的结果差别显著限制病人和控制。</gydF4y2Bap> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="tab4"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-tab4"> <table class="table-group" id="tab4"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <table class="table"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="7"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" rowspan="2">伴随疾病</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center" colspan="3">限制病人和匹配控制</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center" colspan="3">男性PSA升高但没有帽和匹配控制</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="center">例(<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.8125" id="M19" style="vertical-align:-0.10033pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 35.099998 10.8125" width="35.099998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.8125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.35)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.6773224" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.71771" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,616)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">控制(<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.8125" id="M20" style="vertical-align:-0.10033pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 35.099998 10.8125" width="35.099998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.8125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.35)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.6773224" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.71771" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,616)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">RR(95%置信区间)<gydF4y2Basup>2</gydF4y2Basup></td> <td align="center">例(<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.9125" id="M21" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 42.912498 10.9125" width="42.912498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.6773224" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.71771" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.969212" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,128)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">控制(<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.9125" id="M22" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 42.912498 10.9125" width="42.912498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.6773224" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.71771" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.969212" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,128)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">RR(95%置信区间)<gydF4y2Basup>2</gydF4y2Basup></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" colspan="7"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" colspan="7">尿路感染</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" colspan="7"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">< 12莫</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">867 (740、1009)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">179 (128、243)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">4.9 (3.4,6.8)*</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">569 (517、625)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">104 (84、128)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">5.4 (4.3,6.8)*</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">< 48莫</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">552 (492、616)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">156 (129、188)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3.5 (2.8,4.4)*</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">367 (344、395)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">130 (116、145)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">2.8 (2.5,3.2)*</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" colspan="7"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" colspan="7">阳痿</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" colspan="7"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">< 12莫</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">642 (539、759)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">181 (130、246)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3.5 (2.5,5.0)*</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">256 (223、292)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">237 (205、272)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1.1 (0.9,1.3)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">< 48莫</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">442 (392、498)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">174 (145、207)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">2.5 (2.1,3.1)*</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">215 (197、235)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">197 (180、215)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1.1 (0.96,1.2)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" colspan="7"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" colspan="7">乳房疾病</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" colspan="7"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">< 12莫</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">90 (136)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">12 (35)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">7.4 (2.2,24.8)*</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">18 (10,28)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">14 (7,23)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1.3 (0.6,2.7)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">< 48莫</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">93 (72、118)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">23日(36)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">4.0 (2.4,6.6)*</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">18 (13、23)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">16 (11、21)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1.1 (0.7,1.7)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" colspan="7"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" colspan="7">高血压</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" colspan="7"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">< 12莫</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">508 (403、634)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">401 (309、511)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1.3 (0.9,1.8)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">499 (444、558)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">355 (310、405)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1.4 (1.2,1.7)*</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">< 48莫</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">455 (395、522)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">354 (305、410)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1.3 (1.05,1.6)*</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">409 (380、441)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">359 (332、388)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1.1 (1.02,1.3)*</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" colspan="7"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" colspan="7">中风</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" colspan="7"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">< 12莫</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">110 (71、162)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">185 (251)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.6 (0.4,0.97)*</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">78 (61、98)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">93 (75、116)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.8 (0.6,1.1)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">< 48莫</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">127 (102、156)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">157 (129、188)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.8 (0.6,1.1)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">83 (72、95)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">97 (86、110)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.9 (0.7,1.0)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" colspan="7"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" colspan="7">急性冠脉综合征</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" colspan="7"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">< 12莫</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">129 (86、185)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">76 (121)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1.7 (0.9,3.1)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">52 (70)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">56 (73)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.9 (0.6,1.4)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">< 48莫</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">96 (75、123)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">78 (101)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1.2 (0.9,1.7)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">62 (72)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">60(51岁,71)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1.0 (0.8,1.3)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" colspan="7"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" colspan="7">心绞痛</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" colspan="7"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">< 12莫</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">113 (72、168)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">81 (129)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1.4 (0.7,2.6)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">68 (51,87)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">76 (97)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.9 (0.6,1.3)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">< 48莫</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">104 (81、133)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">80 (104)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1.3 (0.9,1.9)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">60(51岁,71)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">66 (77)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.9 (0.7,1.1)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" colspan="7"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" colspan="7">心律失常</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" colspan="7"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">< 12莫</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">156 (108、218)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">134 (91、192)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1.2 (0.7,1.9)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">134 (111、161)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">131 (108、157)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1.0 (0.8,1.3)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">< 48莫</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">164 (134、198)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">139 (113、169)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1.2 (0.9,1.5)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">134 (120、149)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">140 (125、155)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1.0 (0.8,1.1)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" colspan="7"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" colspan="7">心肌梗死</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" colspan="7"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">< 12莫</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">96 (145)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">61 (103)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1.6 (0.8,3.1)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">35(24日50)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">50 (67)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.7 (0.4,1.1)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">< 48莫</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">77 (101)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">61 (82)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1.3 (0.8,1.9)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">50(42岁,59)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">50(42岁,59)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1.0 (0.8,1.3)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" colspan="7"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" colspan="7">充血性心力衰竭</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" colspan="7"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">< 12莫</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">144 (100、201)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">85 (131)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1.7 (0.98,3.0)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">49 (65)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">58 (75)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.8 (0.6,1.3)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">< 48莫</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">145 (118、176)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">106 (84、132)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1.4 (1.02,1.8)*</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">52 (62)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">65 (75)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.8 (0.6,1.003)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" colspan="7"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" colspan="7">高脂血症</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" colspan="7"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">< 12莫</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">140 (95、199)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">196 (142、264)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.7 (0.4,1.1)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">234 (202、269)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">194 (165、226)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1.2 (0.98,1.5)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">< 48莫</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">156 (128、189)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">187 (156、221)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.8 (0.6,1.1)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">189 (172、207)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">172 (156、190)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1.1 (0.96,1.3)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" colspan="7"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" colspan="7">开始下肢动脉闭塞性疾病</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" colspan="7"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">< 12莫</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">50 (87)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">33 (65)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1.5 (0.6,3.6)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">19(11日30)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">44(31日59)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.4 (0.2,0.8)*</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">< 48莫</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">34(22日50)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">46 (63)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.7 (0.4,1.2)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">23日(18日,29)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">29日(23日37)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.8 (0.6,1.1)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" colspan="7"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" colspan="7">糖尿病,2型</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" colspan="7"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">< 12莫</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">131 (89、188)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">97 (61、147)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1.4 (0.8,2.3)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">181 (154、211)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">126 (103、152)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1.4 (1.1,1.8)*</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">< 48莫</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">154 (126、187)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">144 (118、174)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1.1 (0.8,1.4)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">122 (109、136)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">126 (112、141)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1.0 (0.8,1.1)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr class="table-tr"> <td colspan="7"> <hr class="tbody-hr"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> <tr class="table-fn"> <td><sup>1</gydF4y2Basup>索引日期的日期初始帽诊断前列腺癌(CaP)患者;第一个日期与PSA升高高架男性PSA测试结果;相同的索引日期匹配情况下的控制。CI =置信区间。<gydF4y2Babr><sup>2</gydF4y2Basup>率比(95%置信区间)比较例及其控制。<gydF4y2Babr>*例及其匹配控制之间的显著差异(<gydF4y2Basvg height="11.25" id="M23" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 56.150002 11.25" width="56.150002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.25)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.890113" y="0"> <</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.930502" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.182001" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.307751" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.559254" y="0"> 5</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)。<gydF4y2Babr></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">表4</gydF4y2Baspan> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jce/2012/291704/tab4/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> 每10000人年发病率(红外、;95% CI)限制对选定的并发症患者和男性PSA升高但没有上限,与对照组相比,在12和48个月后惯例研究数据库中的索引日期(大,1998 - 2008)<gydF4y2Basup>1</gydF4y2Basup>。</gydF4y2Badiv> </div> </div> <p>男性PSA升高但没有帽也有更高的红外泌尿道感染(第一12个月内超过5倍和2.8倍48-month时期)和高血压,略高的红外与控制(表<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jce/2012/291704/tab4/" target="_blank">4</一个>)。国税局阳痿和乳房疾病的病例和控制之间的相似。男性PSA升高了40%的II型糖尿病和60%的低利率开始下肢动脉闭塞性疾病在第一次的12个月里第一次PSA升高后测试结果。然而,差异较小,而不是统计学意义48-month时期。之间没有其他的结果实质上不同高PSA /不盖例及其控制。</gydF4y2Bap> <h5 id="sec4.3">4.3。一般并发症患病率</gydF4y2Bah5> <p>在所有四组、心血管类问题是最常见的男性疾病的年龄(数据未显示)。帽患者尿路症状和体征患病率高于匹配控制;患病率为43%在过去的这12个月中疯狂帽前诊断后下降到19%在12个月期间帽诊断和控制之间的7%和8%的索引日期,之前和之后的12个月里(图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jce/2012/291704/fig1/" target="_blank">1</一个>)。男性PSA升高也有更高的患病率尿路症状和体征(29%和31%在12个月期间之前和之后的PSA升高的结果,职责),与控制(6% to7%跨期)。</gydF4y2Bap> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig1"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig1"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="291704.fig.001" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/jce/volume-2012/291704/figures/291704.fig.001.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图1</gydF4y2Baspan> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jce/2012/291704/fig1/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> 帽尿路症状和体征发生率患者,男性PSA升高但没有帽,和匹配控制在前12个月和12个月后惯例研究数据库中的索引日期(大,1998 - 2008)(索引日期的日期初始帽诊断前列腺癌(CaP)患者;首次高PSA测试结果的日期的男性PSA升高但没有上限;相同的索引日期作为其匹配控制的情况下)。流行优势比,或者(95%置信区间),11.3(9.5 - -13.6)在12个月前指数日期和2.9(2.5 - -3.5)在12个月内发布该指数的日期限制患者相比,控制,和分别为6.2(5.6 - -6.8)在12个月前指数日期和6.1(5.6 - -6.7)在索引日期后12个月的男性PSA升高但没有上限,而控制。帽患者,或(95% CI)为3.2(2.8 - -3.6)12个月前与索引日期后12个月。</gydF4y2Batable> </div> </div> </div> <h5 id="sec4.4">4.4。伴随药物使用率</gydF4y2Bah5> <p>药物的使用在大检查小组的人从2003年到2008年。前12个月和12个月期间索引日期后,男性最常用的药物在四组包括非阿片类镇痛药和非甾体类抗炎药(非甾体抗炎药,40%到50%),他汀类药物和抗血小板药物(27%到37%),阿片类止痛药,血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂,beta-adrenoceptor阻断药物,和钙通道阻滞剂(20%至30%,数据未显示)。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>表<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jce/2012/291704/tab5/" target="_blank">5</一个>强调了处方药使用率,在统计学上显著不同帽之间的病人和他们的控制或男性PSA升高但没有帽和他们的控制。使用α受体阻滞剂在尿潴留,α肾上腺素受体阻断药,磺胺类和甲氧苄氨嘧啶和喹诺酮类2 - 4倍更常见的帽子前后患者索引日期,而匹配控制。男性PSA升高与控制相比,使用这些药物的2 - 4倍,病例组比对照组更常见的指数前日期和索引日期后3到5倍更常见。诊断后,使用利多卡因或利多卡因麻醉在帽病人比对照组高10倍,而只有2倍prediagnosis。前列腺癌药物和促性释放素类似物、药物影响促性腺激素,雄性激素,和对手是常用的CaP患者,特别是在癌症诊断。更多的男性PSA升高但没有盖在尿潴留的α-受体阻滞剂,alpha-adrenoceptor阻断药物,男性性激素和对手,他汀类药物后12个月期间(与之前)索引日期。</gydF4y2Bap> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="tab5"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-tab5"> <table class="table-group" id="tab5"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <table class="table"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="4"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr class="thead"> <td align="left"></td> <td align="center">情况下</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">控制</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">或(95%置信区间)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="4"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" colspan="4">帽患者(<gydF4y2Basvg height="13.075" id="M24" style="vertical-align:-1.76814pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 65.050003 13.075" width="65.050003" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.075)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.54)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.6773224" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.71771" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.969212" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.182961" y="0"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.434464" y="0"> 4</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.685963" y="0"> 5</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)和匹配控制(<gydF4y2Basvg height="13.075" id="M25" style="vertical-align:-1.76814pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 65.050003 13.075" width="65.050003" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.075)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.54)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.6773224" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.71771" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.969212" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.182961" y="0"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.434464" y="0"> 4</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.685963" y="0"> 5</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>):在索引日期前12个月</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" colspan="4"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">α-受体阻滞剂(尿潴留)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">24.3 (22.0,26.6)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">7.1 (5.7,8.4)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">4.2 (3.3,5.4)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">α肾上腺素受体阻断药</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">20.7 (18.6,22.9)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">6.7 (5.4,8.0)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3.6 (2.8,4.7)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">磺胺类和甲氧苄氨嘧啶</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">12.2 (10.4,13.9)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3.9 (2.9,5.0)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3.4 (2.4,4.8)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">喹诺酮类</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">8.8 (7.3,10.3)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3.1 (2.2,4.1)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3.0 (2.1,4.4)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">利多卡因或利多卡因(麻醉)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">6.4 (5.1,7.7)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3.0 (2.1,3.9)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">2.2 (1.5,3.4)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">头孢菌素和其他β内酰胺</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">6.9 (5.6,8.3)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">4.2 (3.1,5.2)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1.7 (1.2,2.4)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">渗透泻药</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">10.6 (8.9,12.2)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">7.4 (6.0,8.8)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1.5 (1.1,2.0)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">噻嗪类和相关利尿剂</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">20.3 (18.1,22.4)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">17.0 (14.9,19.0)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1.2 (1.02,1.5)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">抗血小板药物</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">29.7 (27.2,32.1)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">34.3 (31.8,36.9)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.8 (0.7,0.95)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">他汀类药物</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">28.8 (26.4,31.3)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">32.8 (30.3,35.3)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.8 (0.7,0.98)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">前列腺癌和促性释放素类似物</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">7.9 (6.4,9.3)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">- - - - - -<gydF4y2Basup>2</gydF4y2Basup></td> <td align="center"></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">软化皮肤的准备工作</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">7.9 (6.4,9.3)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">- - - - - -<gydF4y2Basup>2</gydF4y2Basup></td> <td align="center"></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">雄性激素和拮抗剂</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">6.2 (5.0,7.5)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">- - - - - -<gydF4y2Basup>2</gydF4y2Basup></td> <td align="center"></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" colspan="4"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" colspan="4">帽患者(<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.8125" id="M26" style="vertical-align:-0.10033pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 35.099998 10.8125" width="35.099998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.8125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.35)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.6773224" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.71771" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,345)和匹配控制(<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.8125" id="M27" style="vertical-align:-0.10033pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 35.099998 10.8125" width="35.099998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.8125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.35)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.6773224" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.71771" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,345):在索引日期后12个月</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" colspan="4"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">利多卡因或利多卡因(麻醉)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">17.8 (15.8,19.9)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">2.0 (1.3,2.8)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">10.6 (7.0,16.5)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">α-受体阻滞剂(尿潴留)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">26.8 (24.5,29.2)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">8.0 (6.5,9.4)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">4.2 (3.4,5.4)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">α肾上腺素受体阻断药</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">22.8 (20.6,25.1)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">7.4 (6.0,8.8)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3.7 (2.9,4.8)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">喹诺酮类</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">8.4 (6.9,9.9)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3.3 (2.4,4.3)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">2.6 (1.8,3.9)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">药物尿频、遗尿和尿失禁</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">10.6 (8.9,12.2)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">4.7 (3.6,5.8)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">2.4 (1.8,3.3)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">偏头痛的预防</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">6.5 (5.2,7.8)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3.0 (2.1,4.0)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">2.2 (1.5,3.3)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">运动性兴奋剂</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3.9 (2.8,4.9)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1.8 (1.1,2.5)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">2.2 (1.3,3.8)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">勃起功能障碍药物</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">12.3 (10.6,14.1)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">5.9 (4.6,7.1)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">2.3 (1.7,3.0)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">渗透泻药</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">15.0 (13.1,16.9)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">7.6 (6.2,9.0)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">2.2 (1.7,2.8)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">磺胺类和甲氧苄氨嘧啶</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">10.7 (9.1,12.4)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">4.6 (3.5,5.7)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1.9 (1.4,2.6)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">血管舒张药抗高血压药物</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">7.4 (6.0,8.8)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3.9 (2.8,4.9)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">2.0 (1.4,2.9)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">复合haemorrhoidal与糖皮质激素制剂</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">4.2 (3.2,5.3)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">2.2 (1.4,3.0)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1.9 (1.2,3.1)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">刺激性泻药</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">8.8 (7.3,10.3)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">4.8 (3.7,6.0)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1.9 (1.4,2.6)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">抗焦虑药和精神安定剂(麻醉)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">6.0 (4.8,7.3)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3.3 (2.4,4.3)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1.9 (1.3,2.8)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">三环和相关的抗抑郁药物</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">7.1 (5.7,8.4)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">4.0 (3.0,5.1)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1.8 (1.3,2.6)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">口服铁</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">6.6 (5.3,7.9)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">4.0 (3.0,5.1)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1.7 (1.2,2.4)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">神经性疼痛</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">6.5 (5.2,7.9)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">4.0 (3.0,5.1)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1.7 (1.2,2.4)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">药物用于恶心和眩晕</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">9.4 (7.8,10.9)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">5.9 (4.6,7.1)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1.7 (1.2,2.2)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">Antimotility药物</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">6.5 (5.2,7.9)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">4.2 (3.1,5.2)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1.6 (1.1,2.3)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">安眠药</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">9.4 (7.8,10.9)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">6.8 (5.4,8.1)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1.4 (1.1,1.9)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">痛风的急性发作</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">13.9 (12.1,15.8)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">10.3 (8.7,12.0)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1.4 (1.1,1.8)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">尿路感染</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">20.1 (18.0,22.3)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">15.2 (13.3,17.2)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1.4 (1.1,1.7)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">广谱青霉素</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">22.2 (20.0,24.5)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">18.2 (16.2,20.3)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1.3 (1.1,1.6)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">外用糖皮质激素</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">21.5 (19.3,23.7)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">17.6 (15.6,19.7)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1.3 (1.1,1.6)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">他汀类药物</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">32.2 (29.7,34.7)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">37.2 (34.7,39.8)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.8 (0.7,0.9)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">抗血小板药物</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">32.1 (29.6,34.6)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">37.4 (34.8,40.0)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.8 (0.7,0.9)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">前列腺癌和促性释放素类似物</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">71.8 (69.4,74.2)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">- - - - - -<gydF4y2Basup>2</gydF4y2Basup></td> <td align="center"></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">药物影响促性腺激素</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">34.1 (31.5,36.6)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">- - - - - -<gydF4y2Basup>2</gydF4y2Basup></td> <td align="center"></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">乳腺癌</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">23.9 (21.6,26.1)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">- - - - - -<gydF4y2Basup>2</gydF4y2Basup></td> <td align="center"></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">雄性激素和拮抗剂</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">16.8 (14.8,18.8)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">- - - - - -<gydF4y2Basup>2</gydF4y2Basup></td> <td align="center"></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">室性心律失常</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">11.8 (10.1,13.5)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">- - - - - -<gydF4y2Basup>2</gydF4y2Basup></td> <td align="center"></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">腿袋</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">6.9 (5.6,8.3)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">- - - - - -<gydF4y2Basup>2</gydF4y2Basup></td> <td align="center"></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">晚上引流袋</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">5.1 (3.9,6.2)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">- - - - - -<gydF4y2Basup>2</gydF4y2Basup></td> <td align="center"></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" colspan="4"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" colspan="4">男性PSA升高但无上限(<gydF4y2Basvg height="13.075" id="M28" style="vertical-align:-1.76814pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 65.050003 13.075" width="65.050003" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.075)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.54)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.6773224" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.71771" y="0"> 7</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.969212" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.182961" y="0"> 7</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.434464" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.685963" y="0"> 5</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)和匹配控制(<gydF4y2Basvg height="13.075" id="M29" style="vertical-align:-1.76814pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 65.050003 13.075" width="65.050003" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.075)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.54)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.6773224" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.71771" y="0"> 7</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.969212" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.182961" y="0"> 7</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.434464" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.685963" y="0"> 5</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>):在索引日期前12个月</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" colspan="4"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">磺胺类和甲氧苄氨嘧啶</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">10.6 (9.9,11.3)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3.0 (2.6,3.4)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3.9 (3.3,4.5)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">α-受体阻滞剂(尿潴留)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">16.8 (15.9,17.6)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">7.4 (6.8,7.9)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">2.5 (2.3,2.8)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">α肾上腺素受体阻断药</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">14.3 (13.5,15.1)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">6.8 (6.2,7.4)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">2.3 (2.0,2.6)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">喹诺酮类</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">5.6 (5.1,6.1)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">2.8 (2.4,3.2)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">2.1 (1.8,2.5)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">雄性激素和拮抗剂</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3.2 (2.8,3.6)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1.6 (1.3,1.8)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">2.1 (1.6,2.6)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">头孢菌素和其他β内酰胺</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">7.2 (6.6,7.7)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3.6 (3.2,4.1)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">2.0 (1.8,2.4)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">双胍类药物</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">4.4 (3.9,4.8)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">6.6 (6.0,7.1)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.7 (0.6,0.8)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">磺脲</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3.2 (2.8,3.6)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">4.7 (4.2,5.2)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.7 (0.6,0.8)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">糖尿病的诊断和监控代理</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1.7 (1.4,2.0)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">2.3 (2.0,2.6)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.7 (0.6,0.9)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">其他防心绞痛的药物</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1.3 (1.1,1.6)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1.8 (1.5,2.1)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.7 (0.6,0.9)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">硝酸盐</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">7.7 (7.1,8.3)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">9.4 (8.7,10)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.8 (0.7,0.9)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">循环利尿剂</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">5.9 (5.4,6.5)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">7.4 (6.8,8.0)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.8 (0.7,0.9)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">非阿片类镇痛药</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">39.1 (38.0,40.2)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">43.8 (42.7,44.9)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.8 (0.8,0.9)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">控制癫痫</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">4.2 (3.8,4.7)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">5.1 (4.6,5.6)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.8 (0.7,0.96)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">神经性疼痛</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3.9 (3.5,4.3)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">4.6 (4.2,5.1)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.8 (0.7,0.98)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">Antimotility药物</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">2.8 (2.4,3.1)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3.3 (2.9,3.7)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.8 (0.7,0.995)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">他汀类药物</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">28.4 (26.6,30.3)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">32.5 (30.7,34.4)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.8 (0.8,0.9)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">抗血小板药物</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">26.5 (24.6,28.4)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">30.5 (28.7,32.4)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.8 (0.8,0.9)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">阿片类止痛药</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">19.6 (18.7,20.5)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">21.8 (20.8,22.7)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.9 (0.8,0.9)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">β肾上腺素受体阻断药</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">18.3 (17.5,19.2)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">19.9 (19.0,20.7)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.9 (0.8,0.98)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" colspan="4"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" colspan="4">男性PSA升高但无上限(<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.6" id="M30" style="vertical-align:-0.10033pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 35.099998 10.6" width="35.099998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.6)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.52)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.67)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.6773224" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.71771" y="0"> 7</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,725)和匹配控制(<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.6" id="M31" style="vertical-align:-0.10033pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 35.099998 10.6" width="35.099998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.6)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.52)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.67)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.6773224" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.71771" y="0"> 7</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,725):在索引日期后12个月</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" colspan="4"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">雄性激素和拮抗剂</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">10.6 (10.0,11.3)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1.7 (2.0,1.4)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">6.9 (5.7,8.4)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">α-受体阻滞剂(尿潴留)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">32.2 (31.1,33.2)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">8.0 (8.6,7.4)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">5.5 (5.0,6.0)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">α肾上腺素受体阻断药</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">27.4 (26.4,28.4)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">7.3 (7.9,6.7)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">4.8 (4.3,5.3)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">磺胺类和甲氧苄氨嘧啶</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">10.2 (9.5,10.9)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">2.8 (3.2,2.4)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">4.0 (3.4,4.7)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">喹诺酮类</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">9.3 (8.7,10.0)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3.1 (3.4,2.7)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3.3 (2.8,3.8)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">头孢菌素和其他β内酰胺</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">7.4 (6.8,8.0)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3.9 (4.3,3.4)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">2.0 (1.7,2.3)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">利多卡因或利多卡因(麻醉)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3.5 (3.1,3.9)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">2.4 (2.7,2.0)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1.5 (1.2,1.8)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">复合haemorrhoidal与糖皮质激素制剂</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">2.9 (2.5,3.3)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">2.3 (2.6,1.9)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1.3 (1.1,1.6)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">药物尿频、遗尿和尿失禁</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">6.3 (5.7,6.8)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">5.2 (5.6,4.7)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1.2 (1.1,1.4)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">勃起功能障碍药物</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">7.4 (6.8,8.0)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">6.3 (6.9,5.8)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1.2 (1.08,1.4)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">血管舒张药抗高血压药物</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">4.9 (4.4,5.4)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">4.2 (4.7,3.8)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1.2 (1.003,1.4)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">双胍类药物</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">4.9 (4.4,5.4)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">7.2 (7.8,6.7)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.7 (0.6,0.8)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">磺脲</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3.4 (3.0,3.8)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">4.7 (5.2,4.2)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.7 (0.6,0.8)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">柔和的浴添加剂</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1.7 (1.4,2.0)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">2.3 (2.6,2.0)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.7 (0.6,0.9)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">钙补充剂</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">2.2 (1.8,2.5)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">2.7 (3.1,2.3)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.8 (0.6,0.98)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">维生素D</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1.9 (1.6,2.2)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">2.4 (2.8,2.1)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.8 (0.6,0.98)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">硝酸盐</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">7.5 (6.9,8.1)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">9.4 (10、8.7)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.8 (0.7,0.9)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">神经性疼痛</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">4.3 (3.9,4.8)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">5.1 (5.6,4.6)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.8 (0.7,0.98)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">抗血小板药物</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">29.4 (28.4,30.4)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">32.9 (34.0,31.9)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.8 (0.8,0.9)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">非阿片类镇痛药</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">42.6 (41.5,43.7)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">45.9 (47.0,44.7)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.9 (0.8,0.9)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">β肾上腺素受体阻断药</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">18.5 (17.6,19.4)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">20.6 (21.5,19.7)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.9 (0.8,0.9)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">循环利尿剂</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">7.0 (6.4,7.6)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">8.1 (8.7,7.5)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.9 (0.8,0.96)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">软化皮肤的准备工作</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">7.4 (6.8,8.0)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">8.5 (9.1,7.9)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.9 (0.8,0.97)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">非甾体类抗炎药</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">42.8 (41.7,43.9)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">44.7 (45.8,43.6)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.9 (0.9,0.98)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr class="table-tr"> <td colspan="4"> <hr class="tbody-hr"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> <tr class="table-fn"> <td><sup>1</gydF4y2Basup>药物,按类列出每英国国家规定(BNF)头内的产品文件,评估在一群大男人的后五年内(即。、索引日期在8月1日,2003年7月31日,2008),以提供更多的药物使用最新的模式。或=优势比,CI =置信区间。这个表,按级排名,或者只包括药物与重要的口服补液盐。药物使用不到2%的情况下(或控制),只有那些使用匹配> 5%的患者包括在内。索引日期的日期初始帽诊断前列腺癌(CaP)患者;首次高PSA测试结果的日期的男性PSA升高但没有上限;相同的索引日期匹配情况下的控制。<gydF4y2Babr><sup>2</gydF4y2Basup>空格表明药物使用的频率是< 2%。<gydF4y2Babr></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">表5</gydF4y2Baspan> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jce/2012/291704/tab5/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> 患病率(95% CI)伴随药物的使用,在统计学上显著不同帽之间的病人和他们的控制或男性PSA升高,但没有限制和控制的一般实践研究数据库(大,2003 - 2008)<gydF4y2Basup>1</gydF4y2Basup>。</gydF4y2Badiv> </div> </div> <h5 id="sec4.5">4.5。全因死亡率和特殊和生存</gydF4y2Bah5> <p>帽患者最贫穷的生存,全因死亡率相比,他们的高2.6倍(图匹配控制<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jce/2012/291704/fig2/" target="_blank">2</一个>)。控制与限制患者全因死亡率略高于控制匹配的男性PSA升高,可能是因为他们的年龄。相比之下,全因死亡率与PSA升高略低的男性相比,他们的匹配控制。在这四个军团的2075人的死亡,我们能够将电子医疗数据为1226名(59%)患者死亡证书。其中,死亡的根本原因是可供1194人。表<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jce/2012/291704/tab6/" target="_blank">6</一个>提出了男性死亡的根本原因去世在每个组。频率超过2%的个人事件类型和超过3%的疾病报告系统。帽的病人中,近60% (<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.9125" id="M32" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:50.724998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 50.724998 10.9125" width="50.724998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.6773224" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.71771" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.969212" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.220711" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)的死亡归因于肿瘤,58% (<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.9125" id="M33" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:50.724998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 50.724998 10.9125" width="50.724998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.6773224" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.71771" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.969212" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.220711" y="0"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>帽。相比之下,与PSA升高12人死于帽(即。,197人死亡的4.6%),没有人死于帽之间的控制。旁边肿瘤作为一个根本原因,25%的死亡帽患者归结为循环系统疾病相比,男性PSA升高,没有上限(46%)和男人在两个对照组(52%和49%)。由于其他原因死亡的比例,如呼吸系统和神经系统,低帽患者相比其他三组的人。男性PSA升高没有帽和男人在两个对照组,46%到51%的死亡是由于循环系统的疾病,如前所述,由于呼吸系统的疾病,17%到21%和8%到13%由于肿瘤。</gydF4y2Bap> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="tab6"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-tab6"> <table class="table-group" id="tab6"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <table class="table"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="5"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"></td> <td align="center" colspan="2">限制病人和匹配控制</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center" colspan="2">男性PSA升高但没有帽和匹配控制</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"></td> <td align="center">例(369人死亡)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">控件(263人死亡)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">例(197人死亡)</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">控件(365人死亡)</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" colspan="5"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"><i>肿瘤在所有死亡人数(%)</gydF4y2Bai></td> <td align="center">59.6</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">8.1</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">13.3</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">8.8</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">前列腺癌</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">57.7</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.0</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">4所示。6</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.0</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"><i>循环系统疾病(%)</gydF4y2Bai></td> <td align="center">24.9</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">51.8</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">46.4</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">49.3</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">急性心肌梗塞</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">5。7</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">11.7</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">8.7</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">12.3</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">慢性缺血性心脏病</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">4所示。6</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">11.2</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">10.6</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">10.1</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">动脉粥样硬化性心脏病</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">2.7</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">6.1</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3.4</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">8.2</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">中风,不指定为出血或梗死</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3.0</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">5。1</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">4所示。2</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">4所示。9</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">脑梗死</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.8</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">2.5</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1。5</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.8</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">脑血管疾病</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1。4</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">2.0</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1。1</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1。4</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">腹主动脉瘤破裂</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.3</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">2.0</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1。9</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1。4</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"><i>呼吸系统疾病(%)</gydF4y2Bai></td> <td align="center">6.8</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">17.3</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">19.0</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">21.4</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">支气管肺炎</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">2.2</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">6.1</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3.8</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">4所示。1</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">肺炎</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.3</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3.6</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">4所示。2</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3.0</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">慢性阻塞性肺疾病</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">2.2</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">2.5</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">7.2</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">6.8</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"><i>神经系统疾病(%)</gydF4y2Bai></td> <td align="center">1。4</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">6.6</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">4所示。2</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3.8</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">帕金森病</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1。1</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">2.0</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1。5</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1。4</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">阿尔茨海默病</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.3</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">2.5</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1。5</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">0.5</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"><i>消化系统疾病(%)</gydF4y2Bai></td> <td align="center">3.5</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">4所示。1</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3.4</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">4所示。4</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"><i>泌尿生殖系统疾病(%)</gydF4y2Bai></td> <td align="center">0.5</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1。0</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3.8</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">1。4</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"><i>发病率和死亡率的外部原因<gydF4y2Basup>2</gydF4y2Basup>(%)</gydF4y2Bai></td> <td align="center">0.8</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">2.5</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">3.0</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">2.2</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"><i>其他人<gydF4y2Basup>3</gydF4y2Basup>(%)</gydF4y2Bai></td> <td align="center">2.4</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">8.6</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">6.8</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">8.8</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr class="table-tr"> <td colspan="5"> <hr class="tbody-hr"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> <tr class="table-fn"> <td><sup>1</gydF4y2Basup>联系到1226年的死亡证明数据是可用的患者,也就是说,59%的2075人死亡。其中,1194人根本原因死亡的记录。死亡的根本原因是记录和描述根据疾病和有关健康问题的国际统计分类10日修订(icd - 10) (<一个href="#B31">17</一个>]。个别事件的频率超过2%和超过3%的系统报告的疾病。<gydF4y2Babr><sup>2</gydF4y2Basup>包括事故、故意自残事件意向未定,医疗和手术并发症护理。<gydF4y2Babr><sup>3</gydF4y2Basup>其他原因包括内分泌、营养和代谢疾病、某些传染病和寄生虫病,精神和行为障碍,肌肉骨骼系统和结缔组织疾病,症状、体征和异常的临床和实验室研究结果,不分类的其他地方,和先天性畸形、变形和染色体异常。<gydF4y2Babr></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">表6</gydF4y2Baspan> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jce/2012/291704/tab6/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> 死亡的根本原因:帽患者,男性PSA升高但没有帽,和匹配控制一般实践研究数据库(大,1998 - 2008)<gydF4y2Basup>1</gydF4y2Basup>。</gydF4y2Badiv> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig2"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig2"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="291704.fig.002" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/jce/volume-2012/291704/figures/291704.fig.002.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图2</gydF4y2Baspan> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jce/2012/291704/fig2/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> kaplan meier帽病人存活曲线,男性PSA升高但没有帽和匹配控制一般实践研究数据库(大,1998 - 2008)。率比,RR(95%置信区间),2.6帽患者(2.3 - -3.0)和0.8(0.7 - -0.9)男性PSA升高但没有上限,而匹配控制。</gydF4y2Batable> </div> </div> </div> <h4 id="discussion">5。讨论</gydF4y2Bah4> <p>这项研究调查了并发症的患病率和发病率和患病率的处方药使用男性帽,男人认为在帽由于PSA升高的风险增加,和对照组与这些人在年龄、实践,和持续时间和日历的后续大的时期。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>我们包括男性PSA升高确认在8月1日,1998年和2008年7月31日,发现一个相当高比例(~ 20%)这些人的PSA水平在10 ng / mL但从未被诊断出患有帽。尽管这种观点似乎不符合的高特异性PSA测试> 10 ng / mL的水平(<一个href="#B13">13</一个>在英国,这可能反映了现实。根据英国患前列腺癌的风险管理计划(<一个href="#B14">14</一个>),帽筛查并不提供对无症状的男性在这个时期,鉴于这种筛查的益处和危害程度仍在辩论(<一个href="#B17">18</一个>- - - - - -<一个href="#B19">20.</一个>]。男性PSA升高可能是也可能不是进一步评估帽,由于缺少共识初级护理医师对PSA的短裤应该引发病人推荐(<一个href="#B20">21</一个>,<一个href="#B21">22</一个>]。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>与控制相比,限制患者的发病率明显高于有泌尿道感染(2 - 5倍),阳痿(2 -三倍),和乳房疾病诊断后(3 - 7倍),这与先前的研究一致(<一个href="#B22">23</一个>,<一个href="#B23">24</一个>]。男性PSA升高也有更高的泌尿道感染发生率(3 - 5倍),而控制。帽之间的几个条件,包括泌尿道感染和阳痿病人和泌尿道感染,高血压和糖尿病男性PSA升高但没有上限,发生率是最高的,和之间的差异情况和控制是最大的在前12个月的随访;利率降低,差异较小的48个月的随访。一个合理的解释可能是之前被诊断出病症来就医帽诊断或PSA升高后发现由于更严格的医学审查。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>高血压和心血管类并存病的患病率和发病率,包括急性冠脉综合征、心绞痛、心律失常、心肌梗死、充血性心力衰竭、和下肢动脉闭塞性疾病,通常是类似的限制患者之间,男性PSA升高,和控制。高血压的流行指数日期前(5 - 6%)低于大多数以人群为基础的研究在老年男性或限制患者(<一个href="#B24">25</一个>- - - - - -<一个href="#B28">29日</一个>]。然而,现有的文献比较我们的结果是特别困难的,鉴于研究人群的差异,研究设计,结果定义。此外,许多研究提出了流行的数据在多个年,而在这项研究中,我们调查了患病率帽前12个月期间诊断或第一次PSA升高的结果,和后发病率指数日期。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>当我们检查最常发生并发症,尿路症状和体征的患病率随着时间的推移保持类似的男性与PSA升高(~ 30%),尽管增加α-受体阻滞药使用前12个月期间从17%升高PSA结果32%在12个月后PSA升高的结果。帽,男性尿路症状和体征的发生率高(43%)prediagnostic期间诊断后下降到19%,可能归因于癌症治疗。符合研究设计控制必须没有上限,PSA升高,和/或任何良性前列腺疾病、泌尿道症状和体征的患病率和字母块使用较低6 - 8%之间随着时间的控制。一些药物,包括非甾体抗炎药,非阿片类镇痛药,抗血小板药物,他汀类药物,血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂,和/或钙通道阻滞剂,被这些人常用的,同样在所有四组。这些结果可以作为背景信息,更好地了解在临床开发药物之间的相互作用。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>本研究表明,限制患者相比,曾在2倍比他们的匹配控制,全因死亡率男性PSA升高但没有上限略低死亡率比他们的匹配控制。这可能解释为相对较低的PSA阈值我们用来定义海拔在PSA水平。也可能反映了帽使用PSA筛查的复杂性测量帽和随后的影响死亡率,在几家大型随机研究争议(<一个href="#B17">18</一个>,<一个href="#B19">20.</一个>,<一个href="#B29">30.</一个>]。死因分析是在病人同意进行“点之间的联系和死亡证书。帽中,约40%的患者死亡的原因除了CaP-specific死亡。循环和呼吸系统疾病的重要竞争风险限制病人和典型的死因都是组织的人。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>我们在研究中注意一些局限性。限制病人和男性PSA升高不能匹配控制是谁稍微比匹配情况。除了无与伦比的案例分析可以引入偏差如果他们从那些匹配不同系统。然而,其他基线人口统计学因素包括吸烟状况和地区的实践之间的相似匹配和无与伦比的情况下,反对实质性偏差从这个来源。不包括男性良性前列腺增生或前列腺炎并发症控制可以放大病例对照差异的或药物与良性前列腺增生或前列腺炎。大是一个初级保健数据库和依赖于准确的上传的数据成员实践。从医院转移到大数据可以延迟或丢失如果GPs没有代码和输入信息从医院当他们收到它。我们无法探索癌症患病率和并发症的发生率和comedication使用阶段和格里森评分,因为“缺乏这些重要的细节。先进的形象盖病人和早期疾病病人很可能对不同并发症特别是药物的使用,考虑到懒惰的癌症。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>尽管有这些限制,本研究有几个优势。正如前面所示(<一个href="#B30">31日</一个>),“提供了一个在英国代表患者的描述。这是一个合适的数据源在这项研究中,因为它是精通记录并发症和医疗由全科医生在初级保健。此外,大是一个适当的数据库特别是研究男性PSA升高。每个国家健康和临床研究所(NICE)指导,男性PSA升高识别最初在初级保健和接受第二次测试后3个月内由全科医生最初的PSA升高的结果。病人被称为专家,如果PSA水平再次提升。如果帽子不是诊断,病人将返回的保健医生,是在初级护理。</gydF4y2Bap> <h4 id="conclusions">6。结论</gydF4y2Bah4> <p>这个研究提供了基于估计的发生并发症和药物使用限制病人和男性PSA升高但没有限制。随着年龄的增长,相比,地区和practice-matched控制没有帽和PSA升高,限制患者尿路感染的发病率更高,阳痿和乳房疾病,和全因死亡率风险高2.6倍。更少的并发症的差异和药物的使用与PSA升高,但没有指出当男人帽比较匹配的男人没有PSA升高没有帽帽之间的比被病人和他们的匹配控制。男性的死亡率略低PSA升高但没有帽比匹配控制。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>心血管事件之间的相似帽之间的病人和他们的控制和男性PSA升高,但没有限制和控制。在诊断时的上限或第一次出现的PSA升高,许多最普遍的并发症和药物是一致的跨组织和一个年长的男性人口的典型。共病的存在条件和药物地方老年患者风险的不利影响特定的干预措施,和伴随疾病可能会影响检测实践,治疗选择,生活质量和生存,这些数据在实际环境中有着广泛的应用在整个药物研发周期和随后的病人管理。</gydF4y2Bap> <h4 id="acknowledgments">确认</gydF4y2Bah4> <p>作者要感谢博士凯瑟琳海滩临床咨询、尼古拉斯Galwey博士和戴夫统计咨询、韦伯博士乔恩·奥尔索普(雷恩组)进行了统计分析与l·沃森博士合作。</gydF4y2Bap> </div> <div class="xml-content"> <h4 class="references" id="references">引用</gydF4y2Bah4> <ol> <li id="B1">f . j . 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Derby&publication_year=1991" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li> </ol> </div> <div class="xml-content"> <h4 class="copyright" id="copyright">版权</gydF4y2Bah4> <p>版权©2012 Haojie李等。这是一个开放分布式下文章<一个rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/">知识共享归属许可</一个>,它允许无限制的使用、分配和复制在任何媒介,提供最初的工作是正确引用。</gydF4y2Bap> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> <div class="biblio__Wrapper-sc-1nou1lz-0 eyHfWh journal_article__BiblioIntegratorWidget-sc-12fk6zy-5 dbAANp article_widget biblioWrapper hide"> <hr> <h4 class="biblio__H4-sc-1nou1lz-2 kgAKHb hrTitleRef">更多相关文章</gydF4y2Bah4> <div id="biblio_widget" class="biblio__BiblioWrapper-sc-1nou1lz-1 kShhp"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="threeColumn__RightWrapper-sc-1bf4078-2 jzTMLK rightWrapper" id="rightSectionMenu"> <div> <div class="journal_article__ArticleStickyTopToolbar-sc-12fk6zy-0 gbrQxi article_sticky_top_toolbar"> <div class="sc-dxZgTM lwEtq article_top_toolbar"> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-gFaPwZ hoOvRq 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height="24"><span class="sc-cugefK gzkcXu">下载其他格式</gydF4y2Baspan><span class="sc-fnwBNb iaVowO">更多的</gydF4y2Baspan></span> <span class="sc-htoDjs bMdQcY sc-cTjmhe jIQcJs icon-colored _1CwL9R82TPl2HxDleeYGDR icon-themeable" title="" font-size="11"></span> </div> <div class="sc-cmjSyW cpuiKr"> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-sdtwF hnolyX open_panel" href="//www.newsama.com/downloads/journals/jce/2012/291704.epub" aria-label="ePub" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"> <div class="sc-iYUSvU jmLwpf"> ePub</gydF4y2Badiv><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl sc-cHSUfg prPtb" title="" role="presentation" 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height="24"><span class="sc-cugefK gzkcXu">订单打印副本</gydF4y2Baspan><span class="sc-fnwBNb iaVowO">订单</gydF4y2Baspan></span><span class="sc-htoDjs kNoiZu sc-cTjmhe jIQcJs right__icon icon-colored _32KP5uexH-Bgs7Kj8Gk1Tz icon-themeable" title="" font-size="16"></span></a> <div class="sc-cBdUnI blbVzE"> <div class="sc-exkUMo bzUZma"> <div> 的观点<gydF4y2Baspan>2184年</gydF4y2Baspan> </div> <div> 下载<gydF4y2Baspan>821年</gydF4y2Baspan> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sc-kcDeIU eatOFG"> <span class="__dimensions_badge_embed__" data-doi="10.1155/2012/291704" data-style="small_circle"></span>引用</gydF4y2Badiv> </div> </div> <nav class="sc-Rmtcm hZsedb sc-iNhVCk gOltjj" id="toolbar__iconNav"> <h3 class="sc-csuQGl idXHYp">分享文章</gydF4y2Bah3> <ul class="sc-bRBYWo keayzM"> <li class="iconBorder"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link" href="https://twitter.com/share?url=https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/291704&via=Hindawi" aria-label="Sharing on Twitter" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><img alt="" 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