). The Chemical
Equilibrium with Applications Program (CEA), developed
by NASA, was used to estimate the effect of
equivalence ratio (ER) and steam to fuel ratio (S : F)
on equilibrium temperature and gas composition of ~150
species. Also, an atom balance model was developed for
comparison purposes. The results showed that increased
ER and (S : F) ratios produce mixtures that are rich in
H2 and CO2 but poor in CO. The
value for the activation energy was estimated to be
221 kJ/kmol.">
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<p class="sc-gmeYpB ctdkmR article_type">研究文章|<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->开放获取</gydF4y2Bap>
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体积<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->
<!-- -->2011年<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->
<span class="sc-iSDuPN ezntTT">|</年代pan>文章的ID<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->
<!-- -->303168年<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->
<span class="sc-iSDuPN ezntTT">|</年代pan>
<a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-fZwumE dqIsrA" href="https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/303168" aria-label="Doi-link">https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/303168</一个></d我v><d我vcl一个年代年代="sc-kaNhvL kwRfSr article_full_citation">
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<p>卡特琳娜·罗德里格斯Gerardo戈迪略<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->
<!-- -->”<年代pan class="adjust-article-svg-size">绝热气化和热解的咖啡壳使用Air-Steam部分氧化</年代pan>”,<gydF4y2Ba!-- --><i>《燃烧</我>,<ggydF4y2BaydF4y2Ba!-- -->
<!-- -->卷。<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->2011年<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->
<!-- -->文章的ID<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->303168年<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->
<!-- -->9<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->
<!-- -->
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<!-- -->页面<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->
<!-- -->2011年<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->。<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->
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<h1 class="sc-iRbamj jZOxOO sc-RcBXQ goubQH article_title adjust-article-svg-size heading-title">绝热气化和热解的咖啡壳使用Air-Steam部分氧化</h1></d我v><d我vcl一个年代年代="sc-gPzReC fMlAsT article_authors">
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<span class="">卡特琳娜·罗德里格斯<年代up>1</年代up>和</年代pan>
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<p><sup>1</年代up><span>转换能源研究小组,机械工程系,安第斯山脉,大学Kr 1 E 19 40号办公室652毫升,波哥大,哥伦比亚</年代pan></p>
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<span class="articleContent__PublicationValue-sc-2yl9jy-7 khHUcu">2011年1月30日</年代pan>
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<div class="articleContent__PublcationCol-sc-2yl9jy-5 hgKieC notPublished">
<span class="articleContent__PublicationField-sc-2yl9jy-6 cIribm">修改后的</年代pan>
<span class="articleContent__PublicationValue-sc-2yl9jy-7 khHUcu">2011年4月14日</年代pan>
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<div class="articleContent__PublcationCol-sc-2yl9jy-5 hgKieC notPublished">
<span class="articleContent__PublicationField-sc-2yl9jy-6 cIribm">接受</年代pan>
<span class="articleContent__PublicationValue-sc-2yl9jy-7 khHUcu">2011年4月28日</年代pan>
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<span class="articleContent__PublicationField-sc-2yl9jy-6 cIribm">发表</年代pan>
<span class="articleContent__PublicationValue-sc-2yl9jy-7 khHUcu">2011年6月28日</年代pan>
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<h4 class="header" id="abstract">文摘</h4><gydF4y2Bap>哥伦比亚咖啡行业生产约060万吨皮(CH)每年可以作为热气化原料产生气体和液体燃料。当前论文处理:(i) CH绝热部分氧化气化使用air-steam混合建模和(2)实验热重量分析来确定CH活化能(<年代vghe我ght=”10。325" id="M1" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:12.225px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 12.225 10.325" width="12.225" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)">
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<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</t年代pan>
</text>
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</svg>)。应用程序(CEA)的化学平衡,由美国国家航空航天局(NASA)被用来估计的影响等效比例(ER)和蒸汽燃料比(S: F) ~ 150物种的平衡温度和气体成分。同样,一个原子模型被开发用于比较平衡。结果表明,增加ER和(S: F)比率产生混合物富含H<年代ub>2</年代ub>和有限公司<年代ub>2</年代ub>但是穷人有限公司活化能的值估计是221 kJ / kmol。</gydF4y2Bap>
<span class="end-abs"></span>
<h4 id="introduction">1。介绍</h4><gydF4y2Bap>燃烧化石燃料产生的温室气体排放导致负面的环境影响。有各种各样的燃料替代技术可以开发,以减轻对化石燃料的依赖和排放造成的负面影响。生物质资源,例如,能源作物和废物,可以用作原料等热过程的直接燃烧产生热量,或气化和热解产生的气体和液体燃料。咖啡在世界各地的农业生产大量的废物,例如,只有在哥伦比亚每年生产约1300万吨的咖啡粒,导致0.6吨咖啡壳(见质量平衡从咖啡处理表<一个href=”//www.newsama.com/journals/jc/2011/303168/tab1/" target="_blank">1</一个>)(<gydF4y2Ba一个href=”#B1">1</一个>]。这些残留物会导致污染的自然资源(土地、水和空气)如果不正确处理和存储系统管理。</gydF4y2Bap>
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<td align="left">部分</td><td一个l我gn="center">百分比%</td></tr><tr>
<td class="thead-hr" colspan="2">
<hr></td>
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<tr>
<td align="left">红色的咖啡粒</td><td一个l我gn="center">100%</td></tr><tr>
<td align="left">纸浆</td><td一个l我gn="center">43.6%</td></tr><tr>
<td align="left">粘液</td><td一个l我gn="center">14.9%</td></tr><tr>
<td align="left">水</td><td一个l我gn="center">17.1%</td></tr><tr>
<td align="left">皮</td><td一个l我gn="center">4.2%</td></tr><tr>
<td align="left">咖啡(喝)</td><td一个l我gn="center">5.8%</td></tr><tr>
<td align="left">咖啡浪费</td><td一个l我gn="center">10.4%</td></tr><tr>
<td align="left">其他</td><td一个l我gn="center">4.0%</td></tr><tr class="table-tr">
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<span class="caption-text">表1</年代pan>
<a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jc/2011/303168/tab1/" title="" target="_blank"></a>
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<div class="floats-partial-caption-text">
质量平衡的产品获得从咖啡颗粒预处理。</d我v></d我v></d我v><p>在热化学气化过程中生物质原料进行热降解的惰性介质(热解(<一个href=”#EEq1">1</一个>))或部分氧化氧化介质(气化(<一个href=”#EEq2">2</一个>)- (<一个href=”#EEq8">8</一个>分别)生产液体或气体燃料(<一个href=”#B2">2</一个>]。氧化源可以是空气,纯氧,或者那些有蒸汽的混合物。另外,纯蒸汽用于改革过程中生物质加热条H<年代ub>2</年代ub>从H<年代ub>2</年代ub>通过反应C + H O<年代ub>2</年代ub>O→CO + H<年代ub>2</年代ub>。随后,制作公司与其余反应H<年代ub>2</年代ub>O (CO + H<年代ub>2</年代ub>O→有限公司<年代ub>2</年代ub>+ H<年代ub>2</年代ub>)来产生更多的H<年代ub>2</年代ub>和有限公司<年代ub>2</年代ub>。部分氧化的气体组分生物量取决于类型的生物量和氧化源,以及生物质和氧化剂都的速度同时提供给气化炉。一般来说,气化与空气和纯氧产生混合物丰富的公司,而气化air-steam和纯蒸汽产生气体高H<年代ub>2</年代ub>(<一个href=”#B3">3</一个>]。在生物质气化反应同时发生;不过,全球过程可以使用反应(建模<一个href=”#EEq1">1</一个>)通过(<一个href=”#EEq8">8</一个>)如下所示<一个href=”#B4">4</一个>]:<gydF4y2Ba年代pan class="equation" id="EEq1">
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H</t年代pan>
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+</t年代pan>
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<svg height="30.700001" id="M6" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 30.700001" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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<p>反应(<一个href=”#EEq1">1</一个>)对应于生物质热解、生物质加热的挥发物挥发。随后,产品发布热解(C和轻气体)与氧化剂发生反应提供和其他气体生成生产更多产品(反应(<一个href=”#EEq2">2</一个>)(<gydF4y2Ba一个href=”#EEq8">8</一个>))。反应与<年代vghe我ght=”14。6”我d="M10" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:58.612499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 58.612499 14.6" width="58.612499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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</svg>是吸热的,那些吗<年代vghe我ght=”14。6”我d="M11" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:58.612499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 58.612499 14.6" width="58.612499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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</svg>是放热的。根据Annamalai和宫殿,<一个href=”#B5">5</一个>),反应(<一个href=”#EEq2">2</一个>)占主导地位在低温下(低于800°K),而反应(<一个href=”#EEq3">3</一个>在更高的温度下)占主导地位。在气化过程中,反应(<一个href=”#EEq4">4</一个>),(<gydF4y2Ba一个href=”#EEq6">6</一个>)和(<一个href=”#EEq7">7</一个>)是重要的由于低氧和高氧化蒸汽内容的来源。</gydF4y2Bap>
<p>2006年,徐et al。<一个href=”#B6">6</一个>]报道的实验结果的影响气化炉温度、燃料粒径、蒸汽/燃料比、停留时间、空气气化炉对产品提供气体气化咖啡渣的成分。这项研究是在双流化床气化炉中执行。2009年,戈迪略和Annamalai [<一个href=”#B3">3</一个>)使用化学平衡和原子平衡模型来估算修改等价比率和S的影响:F值组成的气体从air-steam乳制品的气化生物质(DB)。2009年,维et al。<一个href=”#B7">7</一个>]研究了蒸汽的影响/燃料比有限公司生产的H<年代ub>2</年代ub>、有限公司<年代ub>2</年代ub>煤的流化床cogasification咖啡壳。2010年,卢加诺et al。<一个href=”#B8">8</一个>]研究了气化温度的影响(700、800和900°C)咖啡壳惰性氮条件下气化速率和氧浓度在2%至4%之间不等。同时,使用单一升温速率的拟合动力学分析方法(210°C·分钟<年代up>−1</年代up>在900°C)炉和外套近似算法(<一个href=”#B9">9</一个>),假设一阶的反应模型,研究人员估计,活化能,E,和pre-exponential因素,阿伦尼乌斯方程的。</gydF4y2Bap>
<p>当前纸处理(i) CH绝热混合气化建模使用air-steam部分氧化和(2)热解动力学模型来确定,通过热重分析(TGA), CH活化能(<年代vghe我ght=”10。325" id="M12" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:12.225px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 12.225 10.325" width="12.225" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.74)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)">
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</t年代pan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>)。应用程序(CEA)的化学平衡,由美国国家航空航天局(NASA)被用来估计的影响等效比值(ER)和蒸汽燃料比(S: F)绝热温度和气体成分的无限数量的物种(150年~),而原子平衡了估计气体组分的数量减少的物种(CH<年代ub>4</年代ub>、有限公司<年代ub>2</年代ub>,有限公司<年代ub>2</年代ub>,和H<年代ub>2</年代ub>)和比较的目的。进行了热重分析(TGA)使用N<年代ub>2</年代ub>载气和不同升温速率下(<年代vghe我ght=”13。425” id="M13" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:8.8500004px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.8500004 13.425" width="8.8500004" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.425)">
<g transform="translate(72,-61.26)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</t年代pan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>:5、10、20和40°C /分钟),而isoconversional方法(即。、自由模型)被用来估计活化能(<年代vghe我ght=”10。325" id="M14" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:12.225px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 12.225 10.325" width="12.225" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.74)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</t年代pan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>)。</gydF4y2Bap>
<h4 id="adiabatic-gasification-modeling">2。绝热气化建模</h4><gydF4y2Bap>产生的气体组分的混合物气化生物质可以使用化学平衡预测的更大数量的物种或原子组件数量减少的物种平衡(有限公司<年代ub>2</年代ub>有限公司,CH<年代ub>4</年代ub>H<年代ub>2</年代ub>和N<年代ub>2</年代ub>)。一般而言,生物质气化利用air-steam混合物氧化源产生的气体混合物(干基)组成主要由有限公司<年代ub>2</年代ub>有限公司,CH<年代ub>4</年代ub>H<年代ub>2</年代ub>N<年代ub>2</年代ub>和其他物种在微量<一个href=”#B3">3</一个>]。</gydF4y2Bap>
<h5 id="sec2.1">2.1。原子平衡模型</h5><gydF4y2Bap>燃烧过程可以分为完整(化学),当反应物接受完整的氧化,或不完整的,当反应物氧化不完全。方程(<一个href=”#EEq9">9</一个>)显示任何生物量与空气氧化的化学反应源,而(<一个href=”#EEq9">10</一个>)提出了不完全反应的生物量与air-steam氧化源。在最后这个方程,只显示最重要的产品<年代pan class="equation" id="EEq9">
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<p>等价比率(ER)是一个参数,建立了化学计量之间的比例和实际氧供应到燃烧室。与air-steam气化的情况下,蒸汽燃料比(S: F)也是一个重要的参数,因为它决定了蒸汽的数量提供给每个燃料气化炉单位。因为ER和S: F建立生物质和氧化剂之间的比例提供同时气化炉,他们有强烈的影响产生的气体的质量。他们可以定义如下:<年代pan class="equation" id="EEq11">
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<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="49.206463" y="-7.25">
我</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="52.682297" y="-7.25">
c</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="58.033581" y="-7.25">
h</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="64.28508" y="-7.25">
我</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="67.760918" y="-7.25">
o</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="74.012413" y="-7.25">
米</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="83.739746" y="-7.25">
e</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="89.178551" y="-7.25">
t</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="92.654388" y="-7.25">
r</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="97.042938" y="-7.25">
我</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="100.51878" y="-7.25">
c</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="110.24611" y="-7.25">
一个</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="115.79744" y="-7.25">
我</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="119.27328" y="-7.25">
r</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="127.60027" y="-7.25">
米</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="137.32761" y="-7.25">
o</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="143.5791" y="-7.25">
l</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="147.05495" y="-7.25">
e</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="152.60628" y="-7.25">
年代</t年代pan>
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<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,154.97,47.41)">
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</t年代pan>
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一个</t年代pan>
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u</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.829998" y="0">
一个</t年代pan>
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l</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.020664" y="0">
一个</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.571995" y="0">
我</t年代pan>
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r</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="51.387329" y="0">
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<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="61.114662" y="0">
o</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="67.366165" y="0">
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<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="70.841995" y="0">
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<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="76.393333" y="0">
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</g>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,284.23,47.41)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</t年代pan>
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<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,290.51,44.28)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
一个</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.8858881" y="0">
c</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="7.7717762" y="0">
t</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.204832" y="0">
u</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="14.580832" y="0">
一个</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="18.466721" y="0">
l</t年代pan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,313.1,56.16)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
,</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="154.77" y="0">
(</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="158.9335" y="0">
1</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="165.185" y="0">
1</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="171.43649" y="0">
)</t年代pan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg></span><span class="equation" id="EEq12">
<svg height="30.9625" id="M18" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 30.9625" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,30.9625)">
<g transform="translate(72,-47.23)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,140.47,56.16)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
年代</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0">
∶</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.279865" y="0">
F</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.707369" y="0">
=</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="43.939999" y="-7.25">
年代</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="50.76664" y="-7.25">
t</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="54.242474" y="-7.25">
e</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="59.793804" y="-7.25">
一个</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="65.345139" y="-7.25">
米</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="79.223465" y="-7.25">
米</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="88.950798" y="-7.25">
o</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="95.202301" y="-7.25">
l</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="98.678131" y="-7.25">
e</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="104.22947" y="-7.25">
年代</t年代pan>
</text>
<g>
<path d="m 184.41,59.28 65.16,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path>
</g>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,188.87,47.41)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
F</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.9391651" y="0">
u</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.190665" y="0">
e</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.741997" y="0">
l</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.38133" y="0">
米</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.108665" y="0">
o</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.360165" y="0">
l</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.835999" y="0">
e</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="51.387329" y="0">
年代</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="65.370003" y="-8.75">
=</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="77.397888" y="-8.75">
</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="84.274536" y="-8.75">
。</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="279" y="-8.75">
(</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="283.16351" y="-8.75">
1</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="289.41501" y="-8.75">
2</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="295.6665" y="-8.75">
)</t年代pan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg></span></p>
<p>绝热气化意味着平等反应物和产物的能量。因此,反应物的总焓(人力资源)、进气温度(<年代vghe我ght=”14。2375” id="M19" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:17.85px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.85 14.2375" width="17.85" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.2375)">
<g transform="translate(72,-60.61)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</t年代pan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,60.66)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
我</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.4330561" y="0">
n</t年代pan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>),等于总焓(HP)的产品,出口温度(<年代vghe我ght=”14。35”我d="M20" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt;width:23.325001px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 23.325001 14.35" width="23.325001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.35)">
<g transform="translate(72,-60.52)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</t年代pan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,60.66)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
o</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0">
u</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.7519999" y="0">
t</t年代pan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>)(<一个href=”#EEq13">13</一个>)<gydF4y2Ba年代pan class="equation" id="EEq13">
<svg height="50.275002" id="M21" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 50.275002" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,50.275)">
<g transform="translate(72,-31.78)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,143.32,65.61)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</t年代pan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,138.35,43.12)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</t年代pan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,139.53,35.94)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.4045279" y="0">
=</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.3996477" y="0">
1</t年代pan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,154.5,49.67)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</t年代pan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,165.14,46.55)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</t年代pan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,169.57,49.67)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
ℎ</t年代pan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,176.78,46.55)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8136001" y="0">
(</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="7.7280159" y="0">
</t年代pan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,189.32,44.36)">
<tspan style="font-size: 6.25px; " x="0" y="0">
我</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 6.25px; " x="1.7380559" y="0">
n</t年代pan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,194.69,46.55)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
)</t年代pan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,201.57,49.67)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
=</t年代pan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,219.51,65.61)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</t年代pan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,213.61,43.12)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</t年代pan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,215.14,35.94)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="0">
=</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.7169924" y="0">
1</t年代pan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,229.76,49.67)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</t年代pan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,240.4,46.55)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</t年代pan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,243.62,49.67)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
ℎ</t年代pan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,250.84,46.55)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8136001" y="0">
(</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="7.7280159" y="0">
</t年代pan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,263.38,44.36)">
<tspan style="font-size: 6.25px; " x="0" y="0">
o</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 6.25px; " x="3.1259999" y="0">
u</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 6.25px; " x="6.2519999" y="0">
t</t年代pan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,271.87,46.55)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
)</t年代pan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,275.28,49.67)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
,</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="192.59" y="0">
(</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="196.75349" y="0">
1</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="203.005" y="0">
3</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="209.2565" y="0">
)</t年代pan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg></span>在哪里<年代vghe我ght=”16。2875" id="M22" style="vertical-align:-4.77652pt;width:18.9625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 18.9625 16.2875" width="18.9625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.2875)">
<g transform="translate(72,-58.97)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</t年代pan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-61.31,60.66)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</t年代pan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>和<年代vghe我ght=”17。4375" id="M23" style="vertical-align:-5.32956pt;width:35.787498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 35.787498 17.4375" width="35.787498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,17.4375)">
<g transform="translate(72,-58.05)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.41)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
ℎ</t年代pan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.74,60.28)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8136001" y="0">
(</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="7.7280159" y="0">
</t年代pan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-52.19,58.1)">
<tspan style="font-size: 6.25px; " x="0" y="0">
我</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 6.25px; " x="1.7380559" y="0">
n</t年代pan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-46.83,60.28)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
)</t年代pan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>反应物的摩尔数和总焓变吗<年代vghe我ght=”12。675” id="M24" style="vertical-align:-2.34499pt;width:7.1374998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 7.1374998 12.675" width="7.1374998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.675)">
<g transform="translate(72,-61.86)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.25)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</t年代pan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>在温度(<年代vghe我ght=”14。2375” id="M25" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:17.85px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.85 14.2375" width="17.85" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.2375)">
<g transform="translate(72,-60.61)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</t年代pan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,60.66)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
我</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.4330561" y="0">
n</t年代pan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>),<年代vghe我ght=”14。3625” id="M26" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:17.450001px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.450001 14.3625" width="17.450001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3625)">
<g transform="translate(72,-60.51)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</t年代pan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-61.31,60.66)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</t年代pan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>和<年代vghe我ght=”17。525” id="M27" style="vertical-align:-5.39224pt;width:39.700001px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 39.700001 17.525" width="39.700001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,17.525)">
<g transform="translate(72,-57.98)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.41)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
ℎ</t年代pan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.74,60.28)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8136001" y="0">
(</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="7.7280159" y="0">
</t年代pan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-52.19,58.1)">
<tspan style="font-size: 6.25px; " x="0" y="0">
o</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 6.25px; " x="3.1259999" y="0">
u</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 6.25px; " x="6.2519999" y="0">
t</t年代pan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-43.71,60.28)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
)</t年代pan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>产品的物质的量和总焓变吗<年代vghe我ght=”9。9250002" id="M28" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt;width:4.9875002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 4.9875002 9.9250002" width="4.9875002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,9.925)">
<g transform="translate(72,-64.06)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.25)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</t年代pan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>,在<年代vghe我ght=”14。35”我d="M29" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt;width:23.325001px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 23.325001 14.35" width="23.325001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.35)">
<g transform="translate(72,-60.52)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</t年代pan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,60.66)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
o</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0">
u</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.7519999" y="0">
t</t年代pan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>。使用(<一个href=”#EEq11">11</一个>)通过(<一个href=”#EEq13">13</一个>),以及原子平衡组件(C、H、O、N和S),的值(<一个href=”#EEq8">8</一个>)系数(<年代vghe我ght=”11。0375" id="M30" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt;width:34.712502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 34.712502 11.0375" width="34.712502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0375)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.17)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</t年代pan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.67,63.31)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
一个</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.8858881" y="0">
c</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="7.7717762" y="0">
t</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.204832" y="0">
u</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="14.580832" y="0">
一个</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="18.466721" y="0">
l</t年代pan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>,<年代vghe我ght=”7。1624999" id="M31" style="vertical-align:-0.11285pt;width:8.7250004px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.7250004 7.1624999" width="8.7250004" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.1625)">
<g transform="translate(72,-66.27)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</t年代pan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>,<年代vghe我ght=”13。4875" id="M32" style="vertical-align:-2.34499pt;width:10.675px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 10.675 13.4875" width="10.675" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.4875)">
<g transform="translate(72,-61.21)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</t年代pan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>,<年代vghe我ght=”9。9375" id="M33" style="vertical-align:-2.34499pt;width:8.4375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.4375 9.9375" width="8.4375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,9.9375)">
<g transform="translate(72,-64.05)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</t年代pan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>,<年代vghe我ght=”10。95" id="M34" style="vertical-align:-0.1254pt;width:9.1374998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.1374998 10.95" width="9.1374998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.95)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.24)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.41)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
ℎ</t年代pan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>,<年代vghe我ght=”9。9250002" id="M35" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt;width:4.9875002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 4.9875002 9.9250002" width="4.9875002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,9.925)">
<g transform="translate(72,-64.06)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.25)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</t年代pan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>,<年代vghe我ght=”12。675” id="M36" style="vertical-align:-2.34499pt;width:7.1374998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 7.1374998 12.675" width="7.1374998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.675)">
<g transform="translate(72,-61.86)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.25)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</t年代pan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>,<年代vghe我ght=”10。7375" id="M37" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt;width:8.6000004px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.6000004 10.7375" width="8.6000004" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.7375)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.41)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</t年代pan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>)(<一个href=”#EEq9">10</一个>)可以估计的函数,F,<年代vghe我ght=”14。35”我d="M38" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt;width:23.325001px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 23.325001 14.35" width="23.325001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.35)">
<g transform="translate(72,-60.52)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</t年代pan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,60.66)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
o</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0">
u</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.7519999" y="0">
t</t年代pan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>。疱疹或气体产生的能量密度可以计算使用(<一个href=”#EEq14">14</一个>)<gydF4y2Ba年代pan class="equation" id="EEq14">
<svg height="48.349998" id="M39" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 48.349998" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,48.35)">
<g transform="translate(72,-33.32)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,132.08,49.67)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
H</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.0271664" y="0">
H</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.054333" y="0">
V</t年代pan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,159.16,46.55)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
g</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.2797279" y="0">
一个</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.165616" y="0">
年代</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="11.570144" y="0">
e</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="15.456032" y="0">
年代</t年代pan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,181.99,49.67)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
=</t年代pan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,199.93,65.61)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</t年代pan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,194.03,43.12)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</t年代pan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,195.56,35.94)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="0">
=</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.7169924" y="0">
1</t年代pan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,212.27,47.16)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.8499999" y="-2.51">
</t年代pan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,228,46.55)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</t年代pan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,233.99,49.67)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
∗</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.3147354" y="0">
H</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.341902" y="0">
H</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.369066" y="0">
V</t年代pan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,270.39,46.55)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</t年代pan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,273.61,47.16)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.9400001" y="-2.51">
,</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="194.25999" y="-2.51">
(</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="198.42349" y="-2.51">
1</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="204.675" y="-2.51">
4</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="210.9265" y="-2.51">
)</t年代pan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg></span>在哪里<年代vghe我ght=”14。3625” id="M40" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:16.5px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16.5 14.3625" width="16.5" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3625)">
<g transform="translate(72,-60.51)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</t年代pan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.07,60.66)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</t年代pan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>和<年代vghe我ght=”14。5”我d="M41" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:38px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 38 14.5" width="38" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.5)">
<g transform="translate(72,-60.4)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.67)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
H</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.0271664" y="0">
H</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.054333" y="0">
V</t年代pan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-44.87,60.55)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</t年代pan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>摩尔分数和高热值(kJ / SATP m<年代up>3</年代up>)每个燃气产生的干燥的基础上,分别<年代vghe我ght=”9。9250002" id="M42" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt;width:4.9875002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 4.9875002 9.9250002" width="4.9875002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,9.925)">
<g transform="translate(72,-64.06)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.25)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</t年代pan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>=,CH<年代ub>4</年代ub>H<年代ub>2</年代ub>等等,疱疹<年代ub>气体</年代ub>是能量密度或疱疹(kJ /标准环境温度和压力(SATP) m<年代up>3</年代up>)产品的气体。</gydF4y2Bap>
<p>虽然能量密度或疱疹的产品提供信息单位的气体的能量产生,它不提供信息的能量恢复每个单元气化燃料作为燃料气体。能量恢复air-steam气化过程的一部分可以使用(估计<一个href=”#EEq15">15</一个>)<gydF4y2Ba年代pan class="equation" id="EEq15">
<svg height="65.449997" id="M43" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 65.449997" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,65.45)">
<g transform="translate(72,-19.64)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,59.36,63.2)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
E</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.6393328" y="0">
C</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.978834" y="0">
E</t年代pan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,82.98,60.07)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
g</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.2884798" y="0">
一个</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.1743679" y="0">
年代</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="11.578896" y="0">
e</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="15.464784" y="0">
年代</t年代pan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,62.84,31.66)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
=</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="127.49" y="-9.2600002">
H</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="136.51717" y="-9.2600002">
H</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="145.54433" y="-9.2600002">
V</t年代pan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,217.41,37.8)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
G</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.318944" y="0">
一个</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.204832" y="0">
年代</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="13.60936" y="0">
e</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="17.495249" y="0">
年代</t年代pan>
</text>
<g>
<path d="m 76.07,34.78 277,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path>
</g>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,76.07,22.91)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</t年代pan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,86.71,19.78)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
F</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8661122" y="0">
u</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.2421122" y="0">
e</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="13.128" y="0">
l</t年代pan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,105.54,22.91)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
∗</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.3147354" y="0">
H</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.341902" y="0">
H</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.369066" y="0">
V</t年代pan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,141.94,19.78)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
F</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8573599" y="0">
u</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.2333603" y="0">
e</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="13.119248" y="0">
l</t年代pan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,160.77,22.91)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
+</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0">
</t年代pan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,182.75,19.78)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
年代</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.3432641" y="0">
t</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.77632" y="0">
e</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.6622076" y="0">
一个</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="13.548096" y="0">
米</t年代pan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,206.38,22.91)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="147.88" y="-8.75">
,</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
∗</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.3022318" y="0">
1</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.553732" y="0">
8</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.593401" y="0">
∗</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.908134" y="0">
(</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.071636" y="0">
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<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="47.248837" y="0">
+</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="58.589058" y="0">
4</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="64.840561" y="0">
。</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="67.966309" y="0">
1</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="74.217812" y="0">
8</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="82.557312" y="0">
(</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="86.72081" y="0">
3</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="92.972305" y="0">
7</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="99.223808" y="0">
3</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="108.25098" y="0">
−</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="119.59119" y="0">
2</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="125.8427" y="0">
9</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="132.09419" y="0">
8</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="138.34569" y="0">
)</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="142.5092" y="0">
)</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="261.48999" y="-19.790001">
(</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="265.6535" y="-19.790001">
1</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="271.905" y="-19.790001">
5</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="278.15649" y="-19.790001">
)</t年代pan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg></span>在那里,<年代vghe我ght=”14。35”我d="M44" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt;width:33.487499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 33.487499 14.35" width="33.487499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.35)">
<g transform="translate(72,-60.52)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</t年代pan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-61.31,60.66)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
F</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8573599" y="0">
u</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.2333603" y="0">
e</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="13.119248" y="0">
l</t年代pan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>和<年代vghe我ght=”14。35”我d="M45" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt;width:39.487499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 39.487499 14.35" width="39.487499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.35)">
<g transform="translate(72,-60.52)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</t年代pan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-61.31,60.66)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
年代</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.334512" y="0">
t</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.7675681" y="0">
e</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.6534557" y="0">
一个</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="13.539344" y="0">
米</t年代pan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>对应于摩尔的燃料和蒸汽供应,分别到每个正常气化炉的m<年代up>3</年代up>干燥产品的气体,<年代vghe我ght=”6。8874998" id="M46" style="vertical-align:-0.0627pt;width:8.125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.125 6.8874998" width="8.125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,6.8875)">
<g transform="translate(72,-66.49)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.6)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</t年代pan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>是蒸汽的潜热,疱疹<年代ub>燃料</年代ub>是总热值(kJ / kmol DAF燃料)的燃料,和ECE吗<年代ub>气体</年代ub>能量转换效率(ECE)或能量回收。</gydF4y2Bap>
<h5 id="sec2.2">2.2。化学平衡模型</h5><gydF4y2Bap>应用程序(CEA)的化学平衡,由美国国家航空航天局(NASA)在绝热条件下用来解决大约150种(包括纯碳)和绝热温度。东航使用化学平衡估算的物种产生一定的化学反应。如果反应的绝热,程序需要作为输入数据的反应压力和反应物的成分和焓。在非绝热的反应的情况下,所需的输入数据是反应物组成和反应的温度和压力。原子和均衡模型开发条件下表所示<一个href=”//www.newsama.com/journals/jc/2011/303168/tab2/" target="_blank">2</一个>。</gydF4y2Bap>
<div class="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="tab2">
<div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-tab2">
<table class="table-group" id="tab2">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<table class="table">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="thead-hr" colspan="2">
<hr></td>
</tr>
<tr class="thead">
<td align="left">参数</td><td一个l我gn="center"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="thead-hr" colspan="2">
<hr></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">燃料</td><td一个l我gn="center">咖啡皮(CH)</td></tr><tr>
<td align="left">压力(bar)</td><td一个l我gn="center">1</td></tr><tr>
<td align="left">空气温度(°K)</td><td一个l我gn="center">273年</td></tr><tr>
<td align="left">蒸汽温度(°K)</td><td一个l我gn="center">373年</td></tr><tr>
<td align="left">等价比率(ER)</td><td一个l我gn="center">1 - 6</td></tr><tr>
<td align="left">steam-fuel比(S: F)</td><td一个l我gn="center">0.3 - -0.8</td></tr><tr class="table-tr">
<td colspan="2">
<hr class="tbody-hr"></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div class="floats-partial-footer">
<div class="floats-partial-caption">
<span class="caption-text">表2</年代pan>
<a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jc/2011/303168/tab2/" title="" target="_blank"></a>
</div>
<div class="floats-partial-caption-text">
条件用于原子和平衡建模。</d我v></d我v></d我v><h4 id="pyrolysis-kinetic-model-based-on-thermogravimetric-analysis">3所示。基于热重量分析热解动力学模型</h4><gydF4y2Bap>Model-fee和model-fitting已经应用于估计动力学参数基于热重分析数据。在本节中,根据isoconversional动力学模型方法(模范自由)提出的小泽一郎(<一个href=”#B11">10</一个>]。此方法需要进行一系列的实验在不同的加热率和假设的反应基本上任何固体所示(<一个href=”#EEq100">16</一个>)是独立于温度(<一个href=”#B12">11</一个>]。固体的反应速率通常是基于一个单步反应可表示为<年代pan class="equation" id="EEq100">
<svg height="30.762501" id="M47" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 30.762501" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,30.7625)">
<g transform="translate(72,-47.39)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,157.02,63.6)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.6515961" y="0">
</t年代pan>
</text>
<g>
<path d="m 157.02,59.47 13.7,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path>
</g>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,158.58,47.59)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.6515961" y="0">
</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.809999" y="-8.7600002">
=</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.837887" y="-8.7600002">
</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.802536" y="-8.7600002">
</t年代pan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,201.95,61.35)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
−</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.99512" y="0">
</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="12.244048" y="0">
/</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="14.677104" y="0">
</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="21.153584" y="0">
</t年代pan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,229.82,56.35)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.515023" y="0">
(</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.678522" y="0">
</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.730213" y="0">
)</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.981714" y="0">
,</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="238.05" y="0">
(</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="242.2135" y="0">
1</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="248.465" y="0">
6</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="254.71649" y="0">
)</t年代pan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg></span>在哪里<年代vghe我ght=”7。1750002" id="M48" style="vertical-align:-0.1254pt;width:8.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.9375 7.1750002" width="8.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.175)">
<g transform="translate(72,-66.26)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</t年代pan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>转换的程度,<年代vghe我ght=”9。125”我d="M49" style="vertical-align:-0.11285pt;width:5.0124998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 5.0124998 9.125" width="5.0124998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,9.125)">
<g transform="translate(72,-64.7)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.86)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</t年代pan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>是时间,<年代vghe我ght=”10。55" id="M50" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:11.325px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.325 10.55" width="11.325" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.55)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.56)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.61)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</t年代pan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>pre-exponential因素的阿伦尼乌斯方程,<年代vghe我ght=”10。325" id="M51" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:12.225px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 12.225 10.325" width="12.225" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.74)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</t年代pan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>活化能,<年代vghe我ght=”13。6125” id="M52" style="vertical-align:-2.34499pt;width:28.025px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 28.025 13.6125" width="28.025" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.6125)">
<g transform="translate(72,-61.11)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.9391651" y="0">
(</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.102664" y="0">
</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.141853" y="0">
)</t年代pan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>一个特定的函数,称为反应模型,它描述了反应速率的依赖程度的转换<年代vghe我ght=”7。1750002" id="M53" style="vertical-align:-0.1254pt;width:8.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.9375 7.1750002" width="8.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.175)">
<g transform="translate(72,-66.26)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</t年代pan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>。isoconversional方法假定<年代vghe我ght=”10。55" id="M54" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:11.325px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.325 10.55" width="11.325" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.55)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.56)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.61)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</t年代pan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>,<年代vghe我ght=”13。6125” id="M55" style="vertical-align:-2.34499pt;width:28.025px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 28.025 13.6125" width="28.025" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.6125)">
<g transform="translate(72,-61.11)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.9391651" y="0">
(</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.102664" y="0">
</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.141853" y="0">
)</t年代pan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>,<年代vghe我ght=”7。1750002" id="M56" style="vertical-align:-0.1254pt;width:8.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.9375 7.1750002" width="8.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.175)">
<g transform="translate(72,-66.26)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</t年代pan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>独立于温度和<年代vghe我ght=”10。55" id="M57" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:11.325px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.325 10.55" width="11.325" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.55)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.56)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.61)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</t年代pan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>和<年代vghe我ght=”10。325" id="M58" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:12.225px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 12.225 10.325" width="12.225" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.74)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</t年代pan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>是独立的<年代vghe我ght=”7。1750002" id="M59" style="vertical-align:-0.1254pt;width:8.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.9375 7.1750002" width="8.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.175)">
<g transform="translate(72,-66.26)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</t年代pan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>。在不等温条件下,(<一个href=”#EEq100">16</一个>)可以表示如下:<年代pan class="equation" id="EEq16">
<svg height="33.424999" id="M60" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 33.424999" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,33.425)">
<g transform="translate(72,-45.26)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,155.82,63.6)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.6515961" y="0">
</t年代pan>
</text>
<g>
<path d="m 154.91,59.47 15.53,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path>
</g>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,154.91,47.59)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.190001" y="-8.7600002">
=</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.43" y="-16.01">
</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.6515961" y="0">
</t年代pan>
</text>
<g>
<path d="m 188.34,59.47 8.96,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path>
</g>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,189.33,47.59)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.1700001" y="-8.7600002">
</t年代pan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,204.06,61.35)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
−</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.99512" y="0">
</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="12.244048" y="0">
/</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="14.677104" y="0">
</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="21.153584" y="0">
</t年代pan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,231.93,56.35)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.515023" y="0">
(</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.678522" y="0">
</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.730213" y="0">
)</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.981714" y="0">
,</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="235.94" y="0">
(</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="240.1035" y="0">
1</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="246.355" y="0">
7</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="252.60651" y="0">
)</t年代pan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg></span>在哪里<年代vghe我ght=”13。55” id="M61" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:73.112503px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 73.112503 13.55" width="73.112503" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.55)">
<g transform="translate(72,-61.16)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.616007" y="0">
=</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.819895" y="0">
</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.471493" y="0">
</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="44.348141" y="0">
/</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="47.823975" y="0">
</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="54.475571" y="0">
</t年代pan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>升温速率和吗<年代vghe我ght=”10。325" id="M62" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:11.225px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.225 10.325" width="11.225" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.74)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</t年代pan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>是温度。积分(<一个href=”#EEq16">17</一个>),取自然对数<年代pan class="equation" id="EEq17">
<svg height="83.637497" id="M63" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 83.637497" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,83.6375)">
<g transform="translate(72,-5.09)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,79.15,52.21)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.619999" y="7.6999998">
</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.7270937" y="0">
(</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.890593" y="0">
</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.942286" y="0">
)</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.581617" y="0">
=</t年代pan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,125.78,66.24)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="-1.25" y="25.530001">
0</t年代pan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,140.59,59.46)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.6515961" y="0">
</t年代pan>
</text>
<g>
<path d="m 134.49,55.33 25.9,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path>
</g>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,134.49,43.45)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.57" y="-8.7600002">
=</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="43.799999" y="-16.01">
</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.52" y="-0.0099999998">
(</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.683499" y="-0.0099999998">
</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.735191" y="-0.0099999998">
)</t年代pan>
</text>
<g>
<path d="m 178.29,55.33 8.97,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path>
</g>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,179.29,43.45)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.25" y="-1.0599999">
</t年代pan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,197.54,66.24)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="-1.25" y="25.530001">
</t年代pan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,201.1,38.52)">
<tspan style="font-size: 6.25px; " x="0" y="0">
</t年代pan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,207.05,52.21)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</t年代pan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,212.61,57.21)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
−</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.99512" y="0">
</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="12.244048" y="0">
/</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="14.677104" y="0">
</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="21.153584" y="0">
</t年代pan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,240.48,52.21)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.6515961" y="0">
</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.991577" y="0">
=</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.23" y="-7.25">
</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.194653" y="-7.25">
</t年代pan>
</text>
<g>
<path d="m 270.71,55.33 18.64,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path>
</g>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,271.92,43.45)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.629999" y="-8.7600002">
</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.15" y="-3.8399999">
</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="41.939999" y="-16.01">
</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.9641709" y="0">
</t年代pan>
</text>
<g>
<path d="m 309.63,55.33 18.13,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path>
</g>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,309.63,43.45)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.33" y="-3.8399999">
</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-139.53999" y="34.470001">
</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.2522202" y="0">
</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.93" y="-8.6300001">
,</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="158.24001" y="-8.6300001">
(</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="162.4035" y="-8.6300001">
1</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="168.655" y="-8.6300001">
8</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="174.90649" y="-8.6300001">
)</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-204.87" y="29.549999">
l</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-201.39417" y="29.549999">
n</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-193.06717" y="29.549999">
</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-184.32758" y="29.549999">
(</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-180.16408" y="29.549999">
</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-173.11238" y="29.549999">
)</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-165.47305" y="29.549999">
=</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-153.43266" y="29.549999">
l</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-149.95682" y="29.549999">
n</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-130.98" y="22.299999">
</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-122.01535" y="22.299999">
</t年代pan>
</text>
<g>
<path d="m 178.65,17.02 18.65,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path>
</g>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,183.35,5.14)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.14" y="-3.8399999">
</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="92.110001" y="-3.8399999">
</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="104.9" y="-16.01">
</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.52" y="-8.7600002">
−</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.860222" y="-8.7600002">
l</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.336056" y="-8.7600002">
n</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="48.675556" y="-8.7600002">
</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="58.427895" y="-8.7600002">
+</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="69.76812" y="-8.7600002">
l</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="73.24395" y="-8.7600002">
n</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="81.58345" y="-8.7600002">
</t年代pan>
</text>
<g>
<path d="m 284.02,17.02 18.13,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path>
</g>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,284.02,5.14)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.32" y="-3.8399999">
</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.2522202" y="0">
</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.93" y="-9.0500002">
。</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="183.85001" y="-9.0500002">
(</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="188.0135" y="-9.0500002">
1</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="194.265" y="-9.0500002">
9</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="200.51649" y="-9.0500002">
)</t年代pan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg></span>使用多伊尔的近似算法(<一个href=”#B13">12</一个>),方程(<一个href=”#EEq17">19</一个>)可以表示为<年代pan class="equation" id="EEq19">
<svg height="80.212502" id="M65" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 80.212502" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,80.2125)">
<g transform="translate(72,-7.83)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,88.22,56.36)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="65.330002" y="4.9200001">
</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
l</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="3.4758339" y="0">
n</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.802832" y="0">
</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.542429" y="0">
(</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.705929" y="0">
</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.75762" y="0">
)</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.396954" y="0">
=</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="51.424839" y="0">
l</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="54.900673" y="0">
n</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="73.889999" y="-7.25">
</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="82.854652" y="-7.25">
</t年代pan>
</text>
<g>
<path d="m 162.11,59.48 18.64,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path>
</g>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,166.81,47.61)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.14" y="-3.8299999">
</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="145.58" y="-16">
</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.52" y="-8.75">
−</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.860222" y="-8.75">
l</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.336056" y="-8.75">
n</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="48.663052" y="-8.75">
</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="58.427895" y="-8.75">
−</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="69.76812" y="-8.75">
5</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="76.019615" y="-8.75">
。</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="79.14537" y="-8.75">
3</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="85.396866" y="-8.75">
3</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="91.648369" y="-8.75">
1</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="100.67553" y="-8.75">
−</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="112.01575" y="-8.75">
1</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="118.26726" y="-8.75">
。</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="121.39301" y="-8.75">
0</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="127.6445" y="-8.75">
5</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="133.89601" y="-8.75">
2</t年代pan>
</text>
<g>
<path d="m 308.16,59.48 18.13,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path>
</g>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,308.16,47.61)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-153.89" y="34.799999">
</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.2522202" y="0">
</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.33" y="-9.04">
,</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="159.71001" y="-9.04">
(</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="163.8735" y="-9.04">
2</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="170.125" y="-9.04">
0</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="176.3765" y="-9.04">
)</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-206.25999" y="27.469999">
l</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-202.78416" y="27.469999">
n</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-190.28116" y="27.469999">
</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-179.82866" y="27.469999">
=</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-167.80077" y="27.469999">
l</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-164.32494" y="27.469999">
n</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-135.96001" y="20.219999">
</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-126.99535" y="20.219999">
</t年代pan>
</text>
<g>
<path d="m 164.84,23.26 33.36,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path>
</g>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,164.84,11.38)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.560001" y="-1.4299999">
</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="133.87" y="-16.01">
</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.2522202" y="0">
</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.979315" y="0">
(</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.142813" y="0">
</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.194506" y="0">
)</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="46.720001" y="-8.7600002">
−</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="58.047718" y="-8.7600002">
5</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="64.299217" y="-8.7600002">
。</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="67.424965" y="-8.7600002">
3</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="73.676468" y="-8.7600002">
3</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="79.927971" y="-8.7600002">
1</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="88.967636" y="-8.7600002">
−</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="100.30786" y="-8.7600002">
1</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="106.55936" y="-8.7600002">
。</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="109.6851" y="-8.7600002">
0</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="115.93661" y="-8.7600002">
5</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="122.18811" y="-8.7600002">
2</t年代pan>
</text>
<g>
<path d="m 294.48,23.26 18.13,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path>
</g>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,294.48,11.38)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.2522202" y="0">
</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.33" y="-8.7600002">
。</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="173.39" y="-8.7600002">
(</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="177.5535" y="-8.7600002">
2</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="183.80499" y="-8.7600002">
1</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="190.0565" y="-8.7600002">
)</t年代pan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg></span></p>
<p>自<年代vghe我ght=”10。55" id="M67" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:11.325px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.325 10.55" width="11.325" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.55)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.56)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.61)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</t年代pan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>,<年代vghe我ght=”10。325" id="M68" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:12.225px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 12.225 10.325" width="12.225" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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</svg>,<年代vghe我ght=”13。425” id="M69" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:8.8500004px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.8500004 13.425" width="8.8500004" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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<g transform="translate(72,-61.26)">
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</svg>假定是独立的<年代vghe我ght=”10。325" id="M70" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:11.225px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.225 10.325" width="11.225" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)">
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</svg>活化能,<年代vghe我ght=”10。325" id="M71" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:12.225px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 12.225 10.325" width="12.225" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)">
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</svg>,可以从线性曲线的斜率估计的结果绘制ln<年代vghe我ght=”13。425” id="M72" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:8.8500004px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.8500004 13.425" width="8.8500004" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.425)">
<g transform="translate(72,-61.26)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)">
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</text>
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</svg>与<年代vghe我ght=”10。9125" id="M73" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:23.375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 23.375 10.9125" width="23.375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.27)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
1</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.2515001" y="0">
/</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.727334" y="0">
</t年代pan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>为一个常数转换的程度<年代vghe我ght=”13。45”我d="M74" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:19.35px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 19.35 13.45" width="19.35" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.45)">
<g transform="translate(72,-61.24)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
(</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0">
</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.202688" y="0">
)</t年代pan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>不同的加热率和相应的温度<年代vghe我ght=”13。55” id="M75" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:19.25px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 19.25 13.55" width="19.25" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.55)">
<g transform="translate(72,-61.16)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
(</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0">
</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.12767" y="0">
)</t年代pan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>(<一个href=”#B14">13</一个>]。</gydF4y2Bap>
<h4 id="materials-and-methods">4所示。材料和方法</h4><gydF4y2Bap>咖啡皮样本从哥伦比亚咖啡行业,以获得最终的和近似分析包括热值。表<一个href=”//www.newsama.com/journals/jc/2011/303168/tab3/" target="_blank">3</一个>显示了从这些分析结果(DAF)基础)。使用化学成分和经验公式推导原子化合物的平衡。分析的样品热重分析了为了减少粒径≤425<我>μ</gydF4y2Ba我>米。</gydF4y2Bap>
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<td align="center">咖啡皮</td></tr><tr>
<td class="thead-hr" colspan="2">
<hr></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">C %</td><td一个l我gn="center">46.51</td></tr><tr>
<td align="left">H %</td><td一个l我gn="center">6.77</td></tr><tr>
<td align="left">O %</td><td一个l我gn="center">46.20</td></tr><tr>
<td align="left">N %</td><td一个l我gn="center">0.43</td></tr><tr>
<td align="left">S %</td><td一个l我gn="center">0.09</td></tr><tr>
<td align="left">灰%</td><td一个l我gn="center">0.68</td></tr><tr>
<td align="left">水分%</td><td一个l我gn="center">7.22</td></tr><tr>
<td align="left">FC %</td><td一个l我gn="center">15.5</td></tr><tr>
<td align="left">VM %</td><td一个l我gn="center">76.6</td></tr><tr>
<td align="left">疱疹(焦每千克)</td><td一个l我gn="center">17 945年</td></tr><tr>
<td align="left">疱疹<年代ub>来说,</年代ub>(焦每千克)</td><td一个l我gn="center">18 068</td></tr><tr>
<td align="left">经验公式</td><td一个l我gn="center"><span style="width: 157.6875px;">
<svg height="14.75" id="M76" style="vertical-align:-3.25793pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 157.6875 14.75" width="157.6875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.75)">
<g transform="translate(72,-60.2)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
C</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.3395014" y="0">
H</t年代pan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-54.58,60.37)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
1</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0">
。</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.5640001" y="0">
7</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.94" y="0">
4</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="15.316" y="0">
6</t年代pan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-34.39,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
O</t年代pan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-25.37,60.37)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
0</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0">
。</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.5640001" y="0">
7</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.94" y="0">
5</t年代pan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-9.55,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
N</t年代pan>
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<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-0.52,60.37)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
0</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0">
。</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.5640001" y="0">
0</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.94" y="0">
0</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="15.316" y="0">
8</t年代pan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,22.58,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
年代</t年代pan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,29.54,60.37)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
0</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0">
。</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.5640001" y="0">
0</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.94" y="0">
0</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="15.316" y="0">
0</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="19.691999" y="0">
7</t年代pan>
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<td colspan="2">
<hr class="tbody-hr"></td>
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<span class="caption-text">表3</年代pan>
<a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jc/2011/303168/tab3/" title="" target="_blank"></a>
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最终(DAF)基础)和近似分析咖啡壳生物质。</d我v></d我v></d我v><p>热重分析进行了使用NETZSCH STA 409 Luxx量热器和软件NETZSCH普罗透斯女士的窗户和表中列出的条件下<一个href=”//www.newsama.com/journals/jc/2011/303168/tab4/" target="_blank">4</一个>。</gydF4y2Bap>
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<td align="left">参数</td><td一个l我gn="center"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="thead-hr" colspan="2">
<hr></td>
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<tr>
<td align="left">大气</td><td一个l我gn="center">惰性(N<年代ub>2</年代ub>)</td></tr><tr>
<td align="left">升温速率(°C /分钟)</td><td一个l我gn="center">5、10、20 40 y</td></tr><tr>
<td align="left">最终温度(°C)</td><td一个l我gn="center">950年</td></tr><tr>
<td align="left">颗粒大小</td><td一个l我gn="center">小425<我>μ</gydF4y2Ba我>米</td></tr><tr>
<td align="left">重复</td><td一个l我gn="center">2每个加热速度</td></tr><tr>
<td align="left">样本数量</td><td一个l我gn="center">小于25毫克</td></tr><tr class="table-tr">
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<span class="caption-text">表4</年代pan>
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用于热重量分析条件。</d我v></d我v></d我v><h4 id="results-and-discussion">5。结果与讨论</h4><h5gydF4y2Baid="sec5.1">5.1。原子平衡模型</h5><gydF4y2Bap>本节讨论操作参数的影响(ER和S: F),估计原子平衡,生产的有限公司,有限公司<年代ub>2</年代ub>,CH<年代ub>4</年代ub>,和H<年代ub>2</年代ub>。其他物种(如N<年代ub>2</年代ub>(存在于大量)和H<年代ub>2</年代ub>(和许多其他含量低)没有显示。</gydF4y2Bap>
<p>图<一个href=”//www.newsama.com/journals/jc/2011/303168/fig1/" target="_blank">1</一个>显示ER和S的影响:在H F<年代ub>2</年代ub>,CH<年代ub>4</年代ub>有限公司和有限公司<年代ub>2</年代ub>生产的产品温度873 K。恒定,提高S: F意味着更多的蒸汽摩尔氧化剂源每摩尔的空气进入气化炉;因此,气化过程发生在一个环境丰富的H<年代ub>2</年代ub>O,这有利于生产的H<年代ub>2</年代ub>和有限公司<年代ub>2</年代ub>通过以下反应:C + H<年代ub>2</年代ub>O→CO + H<年代ub>2</年代ub>和CO + H<年代ub>2</年代ub>O→有限公司<年代ub>2</年代ub>+ H<年代ub>2</年代ub>。更多的C和H原子制造有限公司<年代ub>2</年代ub>和H<年代ub>2</年代ub>意味着更少的C和H原子可用来生产CH<年代ub>4</年代ub>有限公司,从而导致减少CO和CH<年代ub>4</年代ub>生产。从图<一个href=”//www.newsama.com/journals/jc/2011/303168/fig1/" target="_blank">1</一个>,很显然,气化只有空气(S: F = 0)产生更多的公司和CH<年代ub>4</年代ub>和更少的H<年代ub>2</年代ub>比气化air-steam (S: F = 0.5)。</gydF4y2Bap>
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<span class="caption-text">图1</年代pan>
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<sub>2</年代ub>
<sub>4</年代ub>
<sub>2</年代ub>
<svg height="10.9125" id="M77" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 51.549999 10.9125" width="51.549999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.27)">
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<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
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<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.339981" y="0">
=</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.380369" y="0">
8</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.63187" y="0">
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<table>
ER对生产的影响,CHggydF4y2BaydF4y2Ba有限公司和有限公司年代: F = 0, F = 0.5,gydF4y2BaK,估计原子平衡模型。</t一个ble>
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<h5 id="sec5.2">5.2。均衡模型</h5><gydF4y2Bap>ER和S的影响:F绝热温度和气体成分,估计均衡模型,提出了在这一节中。虽然分析了约150个物种,只有结果更相关的物种(H<年代ub>2</年代ub>有限公司,CH<年代ub>4</年代ub>、有限公司<年代ub>2</年代ub>这里介绍。除了N<年代ub>2</年代ub>,其他物种在微量。ER在绝热温度的影响(<年代vghe我ght=”14。35”我d="M78" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt;width:19.674999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 19.674999 14.35" width="19.674999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,60.66)">
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一个</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.8858881" y="0">
d</t年代pan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>)如图<一个href=”//www.newsama.com/journals/jc/2011/303168/fig2/" target="_blank">2</一个>各种年代:F比率。恒定S: F比值,增加ER导致减少氧气进入气化炉;因此,有少O原子通过反应(用于C的氧化<一个href=”#EEq2">2</一个>)和(<一个href=”#EEq3">3</一个>),是放热的。因此,更少的热量释放,从而导致更低的绝热温度。此外,结果表明,降低了S: F比率增加绝热温度。一般来说,最高气温达到气化只有空气(S: F = 0),而在年代获得的最低气温:F = 0.8。在<年代vghe我ght=”11。25” id="M79" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt;width:59.025002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 59.025002 11.25" width="59.025002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.25)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
E</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.6393328" y="0">
R</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.442165" y="0">
></t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.482553" y="0">
3</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.734055" y="0">
。</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.859802" y="0">
5</t年代pan>
</text>
</g>
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</svg>ER的效果<年代vghe我ght=”14。35”我d="M80" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt;width:19.674999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 19.674999 14.35" width="19.674999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.35)">
<g transform="translate(72,-60.52)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</t年代pan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,60.66)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
一个</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.8858881" y="0">
d</t年代pan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>是微不足道的。这表明气化的CH<年代vghe我ght=”11。25” id="M81" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt;width:59.025002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 59.025002 11.25" width="59.025002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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<g transform="translate(72,-63)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
E</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.6393328" y="0">
R</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.442165" y="0">
></t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.482553" y="0">
3</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.734055" y="0">
。</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.859802" y="0">
5</t年代pan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>往往是纯粹的热解。</gydF4y2Bap>
<div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig2">
<div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig2">
<div class="partial-carousel--single-image">
<img alt="" name="303168.fig.002" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/jc/volume-2011/303168/figures/303168.fig.002.jpg">
<br>
<strong></strong>
</div>
</div>
<div class="floats-partial-footer">
<div class="floats-partial-caption">
<span class="caption-text">图2</年代pan>
<a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jc/2011/303168/fig2/" title="" target="_blank"></a>
</div>
<div class="floats-partial-caption-text">
<a href="#B15">14</一个><t一个ble>
绝热温度估计与均衡模型对各种年代:F比值,采用从[gydF4y2Ba]。</t一个ble>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>数据<一个href=”//www.newsama.com/journals/jc/2011/303168/fig3/" target="_blank">3</一个>,<gydF4y2Ba一个href=”//www.newsama.com/journals/jc/2011/303168/fig4/" target="_blank">4</一个>,<gydF4y2Ba一个href=”//www.newsama.com/journals/jc/2011/303168/fig5/" target="_blank">5</一个>,<gydF4y2Ba一个href=”//www.newsama.com/journals/jc/2011/303168/fig6/" target="_blank">6</一个>显示的效果,在有限公司有限公司<年代ub>2</年代ub>H<年代ub>2</年代ub>,CH<年代ub>4</年代ub>各种年代:F。在恒定S: F,更高的人意味着更少的氧气进入气化炉反应C + (1/2) O<年代ub>2</年代ub>→公司;因此,有更多的可用C原子与水蒸气反应生产H<年代ub>2</年代ub>通过反应C + H<年代ub>2</年代ub>O→CO + H<年代ub>2</年代ub>。产生的CO C与蒸汽和C与氧气的反应与其余蒸汽反应产生更多的H<年代ub>2</年代ub>和有限公司<年代ub>2</年代ub>(转变反应)。更多的C原子被转移反应(CO + H<年代ub>2</年代ub>O→有限公司<年代ub>2</年代ub>+ H<年代ub>2</年代ub>)意味着更少的C原子离开公司。</gydF4y2Bap>
<div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig3">
<div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig3">
<div class="partial-carousel--single-image">
<img alt="" name="303168.fig.003" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/jc/volume-2011/303168/figures/303168.fig.003.jpg">
<br>
<strong></strong>
</div>
</div>
<div class="floats-partial-footer">
<div class="floats-partial-caption">
<span class="caption-text">图3</年代pan>
<a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jc/2011/303168/fig3/" title="" target="_blank"></a>
</div>
<div class="floats-partial-caption-text">
<table>
ER效应有限公司生产各种年代:F,估计与化学平衡。</t一个ble>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig4">
<div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig4">
<div class="partial-carousel--single-image">
<img alt="" name="303168.fig.004" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/jc/volume-2011/303168/figures/303168.fig.004.jpg">
<br>
<strong></strong>
</div>
</div>
<div class="floats-partial-footer">
<div class="floats-partial-caption">
<span class="caption-text">图4</年代pan>
<a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jc/2011/303168/fig4/" title="" target="_blank"></a>
</div>
<div class="floats-partial-caption-text">
<sub>2</年代ub>
<table>
ER对公司的影响gydF4y2Ba生产各种年代:F,估计与化学平衡。</t一个ble>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig5">
<div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig5">
<div class="partial-carousel--single-image">
<img alt="" name="303168.fig.005" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/jc/volume-2011/303168/figures/303168.fig.005.jpg">
<br>
<strong></strong>
</div>
</div>
<div class="floats-partial-footer">
<div class="floats-partial-caption">
<span class="caption-text">图5</年代pan>
<a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jc/2011/303168/fig5/" title="" target="_blank"></a>
</div>
<div class="floats-partial-caption-text">
<sub>2</年代ub>
<table>
ER对HgydF4y2Ba生产各种年代:F,估计与化学平衡。</t一个ble>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig6">
<div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig6">
<div class="partial-carousel--single-image">
<img alt="" name="303168.fig.006" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/jc/volume-2011/303168/figures/303168.fig.006.jpg">
<br>
<strong></strong>
</div>
</div>
<div class="floats-partial-footer">
<div class="floats-partial-caption">
<span class="caption-text">图6</年代pan>
<a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jc/2011/303168/fig6/" title="" target="_blank"></a>
</div>
<div class="floats-partial-caption-text">
<sub>4</年代ub>
<table>
ER在CH的效果gydF4y2Ba生产各种年代:F,估计与化学平衡。</t一个ble>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>公司和H<年代ub>2</年代ub>曲线显示峰值与ER(数字<一个href=”//www.newsama.com/journals/jc/2011/303168/fig3/" target="_blank">3</一个>和<一个href=”//www.newsama.com/journals/jc/2011/303168/fig5/" target="_blank">5</一个>)。与ER直到增加CO摩尔分数增加<年代vghe我ght=”11。3” id="M82" style="vertical-align:-0.33858pt;width:59.025002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 59.025002 11.3" width="59.025002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.3)">
<g transform="translate(72,-62.96)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
E</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.6393328" y="0">
R</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.442165" y="0">
≅</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.482553" y="0">
2</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.734055" y="0">
。</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.859802" y="0">
5</t年代pan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>除了它开始减少。公司的最低价值达到呃= 1(化学反应),而达到最大(~ 16%)<年代vghe我ght=”11。3” id="M83" style="vertical-align:-0.33858pt;width:59.025002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 59.025002 11.3" width="59.025002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.3)">
<g transform="translate(72,-62.96)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
E</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.6393328" y="0">
R</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.442165" y="0">
≅</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.482553" y="0">
2</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.734055" y="0">
。</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.859802" y="0">
5</t年代pan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>和S: F = 0.30(图<一个href=”//www.newsama.com/journals/jc/2011/303168/fig3/" target="_blank">3</一个>)。H的浓度<年代ub>2</年代ub>也显示了一个拐点<年代vghe我ght=”10。9125" id="M84" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:59.025002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 59.025002 10.9125" width="59.025002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.27)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
E</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.6393328" y="0">
R</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.442165" y="0">
=</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.482553" y="0">
3</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.734055" y="0">
。</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.859802" y="0">
2</t年代pan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>。在<年代vghe我ght=”11。0625" id="M85" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt;width:59.025002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 59.025002 11.0625" width="59.025002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0625)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.15)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
E</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.6393328" y="0">
R</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.442165" y="0">
<</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.482553" y="0">
3</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.734055" y="0">
。</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.859802" y="0">
2</t年代pan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>强烈,增加增加H的浓度<年代ub>2</年代ub>但在ER > 3.2, H ER的分数的影响<年代ub>2</年代ub>很弱(图<一个href=”//www.newsama.com/journals/jc/2011/303168/fig5/" target="_blank">5</一个>)。虽然,年代的影响:在H F<年代ub>2</年代ub>浓度是微不足道的结果表明steam-to-air比率进入气化炉影响H<年代ub>2</年代ub>/公司比离开气化炉。恒定年代:F,增加ER(通过空气减少氧气供应)增加steam-to-air比率。从这些结果,很明显,更高的年代:F比值增加H<年代ub>2</年代ub>/公司比率。在<年代vghe我ght=”11。0625" id="M86" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt;width:47.299999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 47.299999 11.0625" width="47.299999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0625)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.15)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
E</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.6393328" y="0">
R</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.442165" y="0">
<</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.482553" y="0">
2</t年代pan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>、有限公司<年代ub>2</年代ub>减少与增加ER和S: F比率而在<年代vghe我ght=”11。0625" id="M87" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt;width:59.025002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 59.025002 11.0625" width="59.025002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0625)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.15)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
E</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.6393328" y="0">
R</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.442165" y="0">
></t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.482553" y="0">
2</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.734055" y="0">
。</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.859802" y="0">
0</t年代pan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>增加ER和S: F产生混合物富含有限公司<年代ub>2</年代ub>。这是因为反应堆蒸汽浓度越高,这有利于公司的反应与蒸汽(转变反应)来产生更多的H<年代ub>2</年代ub>和有限公司<年代ub>2</年代ub>。如图<一个href=”//www.newsama.com/journals/jc/2011/303168/fig6/" target="_blank">6</一个>气化炉中,更可用H原子导致CH<年代ub>4</年代ub>丰富的浓度。从图<一个href=”//www.newsama.com/journals/jc/2011/303168/fig6/" target="_blank">6</一个>,很显然<年代vghe我ght=”11。0625" id="M88" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt;width:59.025002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 59.025002 11.0625" width="59.025002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0625)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.15)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
E</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.6393328" y="0">
R</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.442165" y="0">
<</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.482553" y="0">
3</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.734055" y="0">
。</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.859802" y="0">
3</t年代pan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>S的影响:F比值CH的浓度<年代ub>4</年代ub>是几乎可以忽略不计,CH的生产吗<年代ub>4</年代ub>仅仅是可能的<年代vghe我ght=”13。25”我d="M89" style="vertical-align:-2.05656pt;width:59.025002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 59.025002 13.25" width="59.025002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.25)">
<g transform="translate(72,-61.4)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
E</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.6393328" y="0">
R</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.442165" y="0">
≳</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.482553" y="0">
2</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.734055" y="0">
。</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.859802" y="0">
0</t年代pan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>。总的来说,这些结果表明,<年代vghe我ght=”11。0625" id="M90" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt;width:59.025002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 59.025002 11.0625" width="59.025002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0625)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.15)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
E</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.6393328" y="0">
R</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.442165" y="0">
<</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.482553" y="0">
2</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.734055" y="0">
。</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.859802" y="0">
0</t年代pan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>(增加氧气通过空气),CO的浓度和H<年代ub>2</年代ub>增加,CO的浓度<年代ub>2</年代ub>与ER(图增加和绝热温度降低<一个href=”//www.newsama.com/journals/jc/2011/303168/fig3/" target="_blank">3</一个>通过<一个href=”//www.newsama.com/journals/jc/2011/303168/fig6/" target="_blank">6</一个>),表明异构C + H<年代ub>2</年代ub>O→CO + H<年代ub>2</年代ub>反应(这是吸热的,<年代vghe我ght=”14。6”我d="M91" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:96.387497px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 96.387497 14.6" width="96.387497" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.6)">
<g transform="translate(72,-60.32)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
Δ</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.0271664" y="0">
H</t年代pan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-53.9,60.37)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</t年代pan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-43.45,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
=</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0">
1</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0">
0</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.530886" y="0">
,</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.744637" y="0">
3</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.996136" y="0">
9</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.247639" y="0">
0</t年代pan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>kJ公斤<年代up>−1</年代up>C)是更重要的比同类公司+ H<年代ub>2</年代ub>O H→<年代ub>2</年代ub>+有限公司<年代ub>2</年代ub>是稍微放热反应(<年代vghe我ght=”14。6”我d="M92" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:92.762497px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 92.762497 14.6" width="92.762497" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.6)">
<g transform="translate(72,-60.32)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
Δ</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.0271664" y="0">
H</t年代pan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-53.9,60.37)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
</t年代pan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-43.45,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
=</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0">
−</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.592442" y="0">
1</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.843941" y="0">
4</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.09544" y="0">
7</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.346943" y="0">
0</t年代pan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>kJ公斤<年代up>−1</年代up>有限公司)。在<年代vghe我ght=”11。0625" id="M93" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt;width:100.7px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 100.7 11.0625" width="100.7" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0625)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.15)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
2</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.2515001" y="0">
。</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.3772497" y="0">
0</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.092081" y="0">
<</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.132469" y="0">
</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.059612" y="0">
</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="52.787666" y="0">
<</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="64.828056" y="0">
3</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="71.079552" y="0">
。</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="74.205307" y="0">
0</t年代pan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>(少啊<年代ub>2</年代ub>供应),反应开始很重要,因为H<年代ub>2</年代ub>O在反应物浓度要高得多。因此,公司生产开始下降而生产的H<年代ub>2</年代ub>增加。</gydF4y2Bap>
<p>碳的摩尔分数估计与均衡模型呈现在图<一个href=”//www.newsama.com/journals/jc/2011/303168/fig7/" target="_blank">7</一个>ER和不同年代的函数:F。很明显,生产的碳(C)只在是可能的<年代vghe我ght=”11。0625" id="M94" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt;width:47.299999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 47.299999 11.0625" width="47.299999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0625)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.15)">
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<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
E</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.6393328" y="0">
R</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.442165" y="0">
></t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.482553" y="0">
3</t年代pan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>。这表明,在这些ER提供的氧气不足以完全燃烧碳原子通过反应(<一个href=”#EEq2">2</一个>)和(<一个href=”#EEq3">3</一个>)。另一方面,在恒定年代:F和<年代vghe我ght=”11。0625" id="M95" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt;width:47.299999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 47.299999 11.0625" width="47.299999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0625)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.15)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
E</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.6393328" y="0">
R</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.442165" y="0">
></t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.482553" y="0">
3</t年代pan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>增加,增加碳排放,因为更少的氧气供应每公斤燃料气化。此外,结果表明,在恒定,增加销售:F比率生产低碳越多表明H<年代ub>2</年代ub>O在反应物与char反应。一般来说,C生产的结果表明<年代vghe我ght=”11。0625" id="M96" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt;width:47.299999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 47.299999 11.0625" width="47.299999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0625)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.15)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
E</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.6393328" y="0">
R</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.442165" y="0">
></t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.482553" y="0">
3</t年代pan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>热解往往很重要。</gydF4y2Bap>
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<strong></strong>
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<div class="floats-partial-caption">
<span class="caption-text">图7</年代pan>
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<table>
影响ER Char (C)生产的各种年代:F,估计与化学平衡。</t一个ble>
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<p>结果从化学平衡建模和atom建模比较表<一个href=”//www.newsama.com/journals/jc/2011/303168/tab5/" target="_blank">5</一个>表明气体组分(除了CH<年代ub>4</年代ub>和公司),预测atom-balance和均衡模型几乎是相似的。CH的差异<年代ub>4</年代ub>和有限公司是由于均衡模型包含更多的物种(150年~)相比,原子平衡,包括生产的只有6种(有限公司有限公司<年代ub>2</年代ub>,CH<年代ub>4</年代ub>H<年代ub>2</年代ub>N<年代ub>2</年代ub>,和H<年代ub>2</年代ub>。较低的物种数量的估计与原子平衡是由于低数量的可用方程。同时,由于低的物种数量,原子平衡假设,所有的固定碳(FC)包含在CH和H原子中包含CH和氧化剂反应完全,通过反应(<一个href=”#EEq2">2</一个>),(<gydF4y2Ba一个href=”#EEq3">3</一个>),(<gydF4y2Ba一个href=”#EEq4">4</一个>),(<gydF4y2Ba一个href=”#EEq6">6</一个>)和(<一个href=”#EEq8">8</一个>),生产辅助产品(公司,CH<年代ub>4</年代ub>、有限公司<年代ub>2</年代ub>,和H<年代ub>2</年代ub>全球反应()所示<一个href=”#EEq9">10</一个>)。因此,不存在C和H<年代ub>2</年代ub>O的产品。然而,均衡模型包括在产品纯碳(图<一个href=”//www.newsama.com/journals/jc/2011/303168/fig7/" target="_blank">7</一个>)和H<年代ub>2</年代ub>O。</gydF4y2Bap>
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<td align="left"></td>
<td align="center" colspan="3">S: F = 0</td><td一个l我gn="center" colspan="3">S: F = 0.5</td></tr><tr>
<td align="left"></td>
<td align="center">化学平衡</td><td一个l我gn="center">原子平衡</td><td一个l我gn="center">差异(%)</td><td一个l我gn="center">化学平衡</td><td一个l我gn="center">原子平衡</td><td一个l我gn="center">差异(%)</td></tr><tr>
<td align="center" colspan="7">
<hr></td>
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<td align="left">临时(°K)。</td><td一个l我gn="center">873年</td><td一个l我gn="center">873年</td><td一个l我gn="center">0.06</td><td一个l我gn="center">873年</td><td一个l我gn="center">873年</td><td一个l我gn="center">0.02</td></tr><tr>
<td align="left">呃</td><td一个l我gn="center">3.74</td><td一个l我gn="center">3.73</td><td一个l我gn="center">0.27</td><td一个l我gn="center">3.22</td><td一个l我gn="center">3.23</td><td一个l我gn="center">0.16</td></tr><tr>
<td align="left">CH<年代ub>4</年代ub></td>
<td align="center">0.045</td><td一个l我gn="center">0.044</td><td一个l我gn="center">2.76</td><td一个l我gn="center">0.0017</td><td一个l我gn="center">0.002</td><td一个l我gn="center">15.96</td></tr><tr>
<td align="left">有限公司</td><td一个l我gn="center">0.163</td><td一个l我gn="center">0.164</td><td一个l我gn="center">0.85</td><td一个l我gn="center">0.024</td><td一个l我gn="center">0.022</td><td一个l我gn="center">5.60</td></tr><tr>
<td align="left">有限公司<年代ub>2</年代ub></td>
<td align="center">0.162</td><td一个l我gn="center">0.161</td><td一个l我gn="center">0.65</td><td一个l我gn="center">0.252</td><td一个l我gn="center">0.253</td><td一个l我gn="center">0.39</td></tr><tr>
<td align="left">H<年代ub>2</年代ub></td>
<td align="center">0.232</td><td一个l我gn="center">0.234</td><td一个l我gn="center">0.88</td><td一个l我gn="center">0.377</td><td一个l我gn="center">0.377</td><td一个l我gn="center">0.08</td></tr><tr class="table-tr">
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<span class="caption-text">表5</年代pan>
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<div class="floats-partial-caption-text">
气体组分的比较结果(摩尔分数在干燥的基础上)获得的原子和均衡模型,采用从[<一个href=”#B15">14</一个>]。</d我v></d我v></d我v><h5 id="sec5.3">5.3。它产生的气体</h5><gydF4y2Bap>表<一个href=”//www.newsama.com/journals/jc/2011/303168/tab6/" target="_blank">6</一个>介绍了气体的能量密度<年代vghe我ght=”11。1875" id="M97" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt;width:77.25px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 77.25 11.1875" width="77.25" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.1875)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.05)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.4)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
2</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.7148314" y="0">
<</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.75522" y="0">
</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.682362" y="0">
</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="43.410416" y="0">
></t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="55.450806" y="0">
6</t年代pan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>0.8和0.3 < S: F <。在<年代vghe我ght=”12。3”我d="M98" style="vertical-align:-1.29163pt;width:59.025002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 59.025002 12.3" width="59.025002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.3)">
<g transform="translate(72,-62.16)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
E</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.6393328" y="0">
R</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.442165" y="0">
≤</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.482553" y="0">
3</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.734055" y="0">
。</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.859802" y="0">
0</t年代pan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>,增加销售:F降低了疱疹。相比之下,在<年代vghe我ght=”11。0625" id="M99" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt;width:47.299999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 47.299999 11.0625" width="47.299999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0625)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.15)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
E</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.6393328" y="0">
R</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.442165" y="0">
></t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.482553" y="0">
3</t年代pan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>的高热值气体燃料增加而增加的年代:F比率。正如前面所讨论的,增加销售:F减少CO(图的生产<一个href=”//www.newsama.com/journals/jc/2011/303168/fig3/" target="_blank">3</一个>);因此,它往往会减少。尽管如此,在<年代vghe我ght=”11。0625" id="M100" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt;width:47.299999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 47.299999 11.0625" width="47.299999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0625)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.15)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
E</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.6393328" y="0">
R</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.442165" y="0">
></t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.482553" y="0">
3</t年代pan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>,增加销售:F减少有限公司天然气疱疹增加由于更多生产CH<年代ub>4</年代ub>(图<一个href=”//www.newsama.com/journals/jc/2011/303168/fig6/" target="_blank">6</一个>),有更高的疱疹(~ 38000 kJ / SATP)相比的CO (~ 11000 kJ / SATP m<年代up>3</年代up>)。一般来说,在恒定年代:F,增加ER往往增加了疱疹。疱疹为选定的操作条件变化从2643年到5037 kJ / SATP m3。最高的疱疹(5037 kJ / SATP m<年代up>3</年代up>)实现<年代vghe我ght=”11。0375" id="M101" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:47.299999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 47.299999 11.0375" width="47.299999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0375)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.17)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.4)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
E</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.6393328" y="0">
R</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.442165" y="0">
=</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.482553" y="0">
6</t年代pan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>和S: F = 0.80,而最低的疱疹(2643 kJ / SATP m3)获得<年代vghe我ght=”10.6875” id="M102" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:47.299999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 47.299999 10.6875" width="47.299999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.6875)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.45)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
E</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.6393328" y="0">
R</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.442165" y="0">
=</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.482553" y="0">
2</t年代pan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>和S: F = 0.8。从表<一个href=”//www.newsama.com/journals/jc/2011/303168/tab6/" target="_blank">6</一个>,显然,ER的影响比汽油高热值比的年代:F。</gydF4y2Bap>
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<td align="left" rowspan="2">S: F</td><td一个l我gn="center" colspan="5">呃</td></tr><tr class="thead">
<td align="center">2</td><td一个l我gn="center">3</td><td一个l我gn="center">4</td><td一个l我gn="center">5</td><td一个l我gn="center">6</td></tr><tr>
<td class="thead-hr" colspan="6">
<hr></td>
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<td align="left">0.30</td><td一个l我gn="center">2956年</td><td一个l我gn="center">4687年</td><td一个l我gn="center">4632年</td><td一个l我gn="center">4413年</td><td一个l我gn="center">4396年</td></tr><tr>
<td align="left">0.50</td><td一个l我gn="center">2823年</td><td一个l我gn="center">4431年</td><td一个l我gn="center">4742年</td><td一个l我gn="center">4649年</td><td一个l我gn="center">4642年</td></tr><tr>
<td align="left">0.80</td><td一个l我gn="center">2643年</td><td一个l我gn="center">4095年</td><td一个l我gn="center">4948年</td><td一个l我gn="center">4957年</td><td一个l我gn="center">5037年</td></tr><tr class="table-tr">
<td colspan="6">
<hr class="tbody-hr"></td>
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<span class="caption-text">表6</年代pan>
<a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jc/2011/303168/tab6/" title="" target="_blank"></a>
</div>
<div class="floats-partial-caption-text">
它产生的气体(kj / SATP m<年代up>3</年代up>)。</d我v></d我v></d我v><p>表<一个href=”//www.newsama.com/journals/jc/2011/303168/tab7/" target="_blank">7</一个>介绍了能量转换效率(ECE)估计与均衡模型研究操作参数的范围(<年代vghe我ght=”11。1875" id="M103" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt;width:77.25px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 77.25 11.1875" width="77.25" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.1875)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.05)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.4)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
2</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.7148314" y="0">
<</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.75522" y="0">
</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.682362" y="0">
</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="43.410416" y="0">
<</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="55.450806" y="0">
6</t年代pan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>和0.3 < S: F < 0.8)。即使在<年代vghe我ght=”11。0625" id="M104" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt;width:47.299999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 47.299999 11.0625" width="47.299999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0625)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.15)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
E</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.6393328" y="0">
R</t年代pan>
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></t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.482553" y="0">
3</t年代pan>
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</g>
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</svg>气体的能量密度增加而增加,ECE与ER增加减少。这是因为在这些操作条件(<年代vghe我ght=”11。0625" id="M105" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt;width:47.299999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 47.299999 11.0625" width="47.299999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0625)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.15)">
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<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
E</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.6393328" y="0">
R</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.442165" y="0">
></t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.482553" y="0">
3</t年代pan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>)有更多的生产的碳的气化热解附近往往是产生较小的可燃气体和可燃损失通过字符。另一方面,<年代vghe我ght=”11。0625" id="M106" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt;width:47.299999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 47.299999 11.0625" width="47.299999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0625)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.15)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
E</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.6393328" y="0">
R</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.442165" y="0">
<</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.482553" y="0">
3</t年代pan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>,增加了ECE ER往往会增加。范围的操作条件研究,ECE范围从0.56到0.81;其余部分对应的能量返回char和显热的气体离开气化炉。</gydF4y2Bap>
<div class="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="tab7">
<div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-tab7">
<table class="table-group" id="tab7">
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<td align="left" rowspan="2">S: F</td><td一个l我gn="center" colspan="5">呃</td></tr><tr class="thead">
<td align="center">2</td><td一个l我gn="center">3</td><td一个l我gn="center">4</td><td一个l我gn="center">5</td><td一个l我gn="center">6</td></tr><tr>
<td class="thead-hr" colspan="6">
<hr></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">0.30</td><td一个l我gn="center">0.61</td><td一个l我gn="center">0.81</td><td一个l我gn="center">0.71</td><td一个l我gn="center">0.65</td><td一个l我gn="center">0.60</td></tr><tr>
<td align="left">0.50</td><td一个l我gn="center">0.56</td><td一个l我gn="center">0.75</td><td一个l我gn="center">0.72</td><td一个l我gn="center">0.66</td><td一个l我gn="center">0.62</td></tr><tr>
<td align="left">0.80</td><td一个l我gn="center">0.49</td><td一个l我gn="center">0.67</td><td一个l我gn="center">0.72</td><td一个l我gn="center">0.68</td><td一个l我gn="center">0.56</td></tr><tr class="table-tr">
<td colspan="6">
<hr class="tbody-hr"></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div class="floats-partial-footer">
<div class="floats-partial-caption">
<span class="caption-text">表7</年代pan>
<a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jc/2011/303168/tab7/" title="" target="_blank"></a>
</div>
<div class="floats-partial-caption-text">
能量转换效率(ECE)估计与均衡模型。</d我v></d我v></d我v><p>结果对气体组分和ECE表明最高生产的H<年代ub>2</年代ub>(23%)和公司(~ 15%)和最高的ECE(81%)实现<年代vghe我ght=”10。9125" id="M107" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:47.299999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 47.299999 10.9125" width="47.299999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.27)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
E</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.6393328" y="0">
R</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.442165" y="0">
=</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.482553" y="0">
3</t年代pan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>和S: F = 0.3,这表明这些是最佳的操作条件。</gydF4y2Bap>
<h5 id="sec5.4">5.4。动力学模型</h5><gydF4y2Bap>本节提出了动力学分析的结果。图<一个href=”//www.newsama.com/journals/jc/2011/303168/fig8/" target="_blank">8</一个>说明了热重分析(TGA)四种不同的咖啡皮热解升温速率(5、10、20和30°C /分钟)。此外,在图<一个href=”//www.newsama.com/journals/jc/2011/303168/fig8/" target="_blank">8</一个>,不同的转化度(<年代vghe我ght=”7。1750002" id="M108" style="vertical-align:-0.1254pt;width:8.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.9375 7.1750002" width="8.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.175)">
<g transform="translate(72,-66.26)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</t年代pan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>:20、30、40和50%)用于估计活化能(E)指出。</gydF4y2Bap>
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<div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig8">
<div class="partial-carousel--single-image">
<img alt="" name="303168.fig.008" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/jc/volume-2011/303168/figures/303168.fig.008.jpg">
<br>
<strong></strong>
</div>
</div>
<div class="floats-partial-footer">
<div class="floats-partial-caption">
<span class="caption-text">图8</年代pan>
<a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jc/2011/303168/fig8/" title="" target="_blank"></a>
</div>
<div class="floats-partial-caption-text">
<a href="#B15">14</一个><t一个ble>
热重量分析的咖啡壳pyrolisys在不同的升温速率,改编自(gydF4y2Ba]。</t一个ble>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>大众发布K 300°和400°K之间对应的含水率在CH(~ 7.5%)。另一方面,从图的结果<一个href=”//www.newsama.com/journals/jc/2011/303168/fig8/" target="_blank">8</一个>表明大多数的挥发物CH (VM)含量之间挥发性~ 500 K和700 K(更高的曲线斜率)。~ 700 K后,质量往往会保持不变,表明大部分的质量对应char(固定碳和灰分含量HC生物量)。一般来说,TGA的结果表明,蒸发在500 K < VM是非常重要的<年代vghe我ght=”10。325" id="M109" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:11.225px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.225 10.325" width="11.225" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.74)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</t年代pan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>< 700年。相反,在<年代vghe我ght=”11。0625" id="M110" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt;width:51.549999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 51.549999 11.0625" width="51.549999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0625)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.15)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.339981" y="0">
></t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.380369" y="0">
7</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.63187" y="0">
0</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.883369" y="0">
0</t年代pan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>K VM释放的速度可以忽略不计,这表明CH pyolysis过程发生在温度介于500和700 K。</gydF4y2Bap>
<p>图<一个href=”//www.newsama.com/journals/jc/2011/303168/fig9/" target="_blank">9</一个>显示了块<年代vghe我ght=”13。6625" id="M111" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:42.125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 42.125 13.6625" width="42.125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.6625)">
<g transform="translate(72,-61.07)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.41)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
−</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.640053" y="0">
l</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.115887" y="0">
n</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.618887" y="0">
</t年代pan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>与10<年代up>−3</年代up>
<svg height="10.325" id="M112" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:13.825px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 13.825 10.325" width="13.825" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.74)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-69.87,63.79)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</t年代pan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>转换度(<年代vghe我ght=”7。1750002" id="M113" style="vertical-align:-0.1254pt;width:8.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.9375 7.1750002" width="8.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.175)">
<g transform="translate(72,-66.26)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</t年代pan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>)的20、30、40,50%和相应的加热率(<年代vghe我ght=”13。425” id="M114" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:8.8500004px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.8500004 13.425" width="8.8500004" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.425)">
<g transform="translate(72,-61.26)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</t年代pan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>)5、10、20和40°C·分钟<年代up>−1</年代up>。山坡上的活化能估计线性曲线的匹配实验结果。</gydF4y2Bap>
<div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig9">
<div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig9">
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<img alt="" name="303168.fig.009" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/jc/volume-2011/303168/figures/303168.fig.009.jpg">
<br>
<strong></strong>
</div>
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<div class="floats-partial-footer">
<div class="floats-partial-caption">
<span class="caption-text">图9</年代pan>
<a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jc/2011/303168/fig9/" title="" target="_blank"></a>
</div>
<div class="floats-partial-caption-text">
<a href="#B14">13</一个><一个href=”#B15">14</一个><t一个ble>
曲线来确定CH的活化能,基于提出的动力学模型(),gydF4y2Ba为各种转换度,改编自(gydF4y2Ba]。</t一个ble>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p>表<一个href=”//www.newsama.com/journals/jc/2011/303168/tab8/" target="_blank">8</一个>说明了山坡和CH的热分解动力学的激活能量不同转换度。同时,所有转换的算术平均度研究和标准差。</gydF4y2Bap>
<div class="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="tab8">
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<td class="thead-hr" colspan="6">
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<tr class="thead">
<td align="left">转化率(%)</td><td一个l我gn="center">坡</td><td一个l我gn="center"><span style="width: 17.7875px;">
<svg height="13.775" id="M115" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.7875 13.775" width="17.7875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.775)">
<g transform="translate(72,-60.98)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,61.03)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</t年代pan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.7,66.03)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
2</t年代pan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg></span></td>
<td align="center">
<svg height="10.325" id="M116" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 12.225 10.325" width="12.225" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.74)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</t年代pan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>(焦每摩尔)</td><td一个l我gn="center">
<svg height="16.625" id="M117" style="vertical-align:-5.04861pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 45.125 16.625" width="45.125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.625)">
<g transform="translate(72,-58.7)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</t年代pan>
</text>
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.02,60.66)">
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
一个</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.605824" y="0">
v</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="7.7717762" y="0">
e</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="11.657664" y="0">
r</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="14.554576" y="0">
一个</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="18.440464" y="0">
g</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="22.685184" y="0">
e</t年代pan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>(焦每摩尔)</td><td一个l我gn="center">性病,Dev。(焦每摩尔)</td></tr><tr>
<td class="thead-hr" colspan="6">
<hr></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">20.</td><td一个l我gn="center">33.99</td><td一个l我gn="center">0.82</td><td一个l我gn="center">273.15</td><td一个l我gn="center" rowspan="4">221年</td><td一个l我gn="center" rowspan="4">46.87</td></tr><tr>
<td align="left">30.</td><td一个l我gn="center">30.64</td><td一个l我gn="center">0.71</td><td一个l我gn="center">245.09</td></tr><tr>
<td align="left">40</td><td一个l我gn="center">24.84</td><td一个l我gn="center">0.70</td><td一个l我gn="center">196.71</td></tr><tr>
<td align="left">50</td><td一个l我gn="center">21.58</td><td一个l我gn="center">0.81</td><td一个l我gn="center">169.02</td></tr><tr class="table-tr">
<td colspan="6">
<hr class="tbody-hr"></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div class="floats-partial-footer">
<div class="floats-partial-caption">
<span class="caption-text">表8</年代pan>
<a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jc/2011/303168/tab8/" title="" target="_blank"></a>
</div>
<div class="floats-partial-caption-text">
坡、相关系数和活化能为各种转换获得9度,改编自(<一个href=”#B15">14</一个>]。</d我v></d我v></d我v><p>这里讨论的平均活化能的CH热解(高于211 kJ / kmol)提出的卢加诺et al。<一个href=”#B8">8</一个>]CH (161 kJ / kmol)和桑切斯et al。<一个href=”#B16">15</一个>)生物废弃物的燃烧(143 kJ / kmol),但它是一个小低于由Garcia-Perez et al。<一个href=”#B17">16</一个>为甘蔗蔗渣热解(235 kJ / kmol)。之间的区别这里提出活化能的值,由卢加诺et al。<一个href=”#B8">8</一个>)是由于使用不同的方法来估计大肠在这项研究中,在isoconversional(免费)方法用于不同的加热率(5、10、20和30°C /分钟),而卢加诺et al。<一个href=”#B8">8</一个>)拟合方法用于一个升温速率(210°C /分钟)。拟合的方法,一个加热速度,需要假设先前特定的函数(<年代vghe我ght=”13。6125” id="M118" style="vertical-align:-2.34499pt;width:28.025px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 28.025 13.6125" width="28.025" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.6125)">
<g transform="translate(72,-61.11)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.9391651" y="0">
(</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.102664" y="0">
</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.141853" y="0">
)</t年代pan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>),这取决于反应的机制,为了估计活化能,而isoconversional方法(即。之前,免费模式)不需要假设任何特定的函数来估计活化能。</gydF4y2Bap>
<h4 id="conclusions">6。结论</h4><gydF4y2Bap>结果表明气化的CH air-steam可能产生气态可燃物与H<年代ub>2</年代ub>浓度从0 ~ 25%,公司从0 ~ 16%,CH<年代ub>4</年代ub>从0 ~ 7%。</gydF4y2Bap>
<p>与ER直到增加平衡温度降低<年代vghe我ght=”11。1” id="M119" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:59.025002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 59.025002 11.1" width="59.025002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.1)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.12)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
E</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.6393328" y="0">
R</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.442165" y="0">
=</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.482553" y="0">
3</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.734055" y="0">
。</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.859802" y="0">
5</t年代pan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>。在<年代vghe我ght=”13。4375" id="M120" style="vertical-align:-2.05656pt;width:59.025002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 59.025002 13.4375" width="59.025002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.4375)">
<g transform="translate(72,-61.25)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
E</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.6393328" y="0">
R</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.442165" y="0">
≳</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.482553" y="0">
3</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.734055" y="0">
。</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.859802" y="0">
5</t年代pan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>ER在平衡温度的影响可以忽略不计,表明这些操作条件下热解附近的过程往往是。</gydF4y2Bap>
<p>增加ER增加两公司之前的生产<年代vghe我ght=”11。3” id="M121" style="vertical-align:-0.33858pt;width:59.025002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 59.025002 11.3" width="59.025002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.3)">
<g transform="translate(72,-62.96)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
E</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.6393328" y="0">
R</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.442165" y="0">
≅</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.482553" y="0">
2</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.734055" y="0">
。</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.859802" y="0">
5</t年代pan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>之后,它开始减少,生产的H<年代ub>2</年代ub>直到<年代vghe我ght=”11。1125" id="M122" style="vertical-align:-0.33858pt;width:59.025002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 59.025002 11.1125" width="59.025002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.1125)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.11)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
E</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.6393328" y="0">
R</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.442165" y="0">
≅</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.482553" y="0">
3</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.734055" y="0">
。</t年代pan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.859802" y="0">
2</t年代pan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>之后,它往往是常数,表明在ER > 3.2 H ER的分数的影响<年代ub>2</年代ub>相当薄弱。</gydF4y2Bap>
<p>一般来说,增加销售:F值往往在公司产生丰富的混合物<年代ub>2</年代ub>和CH<年代ub>4</年代ub>但在有限公司另一方面,贫穷年代的影响:在H F<年代ub>2</年代ub>生产是可以忽略的。</gydF4y2Bap>
<p>CH热解的活化能(211 kJ / kmol)高于了(<一个href=”#B8">8</一个>,<gydF4y2Ba一个href=”#B16">15</一个>]CH和生物废弃物的燃烧,分别,但略低于了(<一个href=”#B17">16</一个>为甘蔗蔗渣热解(235 kJ / kmol)。这里介绍的活化能之间的区别,提出的(<一个href=”#B8">8</一个>是由于使用不同的方法来估计。根据(<一个href=”#B12">11</一个>),阿伦尼乌斯方程的动力学参数,估计使用拟合方法,这些估计使用免费的方法是不同的。</gydF4y2Bap>
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<h4 class="copyright" id="copyright">版权</h4><gydF4y2Bap>版权©2011卡特琳娜·罗德里格斯和Gerardo戈迪略。这是一个开放的分布式下文章<一个rel=”l我cen年代e”href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/">知识共享归属许可</一个>,它允许无限制的使用、分配和复制在任何媒介,提供最初的工作是正确引用。</gydF4y2Bap>
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的观点<年代pan>2108年</年代pan>
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下载<年代pan>1079年</年代pan>
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