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no-repeat 6px;background-position:center;margin-top:10px;min-width:55px;display:none;} @media (min-width:768px){.gvEcCq .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .expand_btn{display:none;}} .gvEcCq .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-text{-webkit-flex:9;-ms-flex:9;flex:9;text-align:left;padding:21px 37px 10px 0px;font-size:16px;font-weight:700;} @media (min-width:768px){.gvEcCq .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-text{padding:19px 18px 10px 18px;}} @media (min-width:992px){.gvEcCq .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-text{padding:19px 21px 10px 21px;}} .gvEcCq .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption 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no-repeat 6px;background-position:center;padding:16px 0 16px 0;min-width:62px;max-width:62px;} @media (min-width:768px){.gvEcCq .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-partial-url{padding:16px 0 17px 0;min-width:52px;max-width:52px;}} @media (min-width:992px){.gvEcCq .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-partial-url{padding:15px 0 17px 0;min-width:60px;max-width:60px;}} .gvEcCq .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-partial-url:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;} .gvEcCq .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption-text{font-size:14px;padding:0px 18px 17px 22px;} @media (min-width:768px){.gvEcCq .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption-text{padding:0px 15px 15px 18px;}} @media (min-width:992px){.gvEcCq .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption-text{padding:0px 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href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jamc/" aria-label="Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry">分析方法在化学杂志》上</一个>/<一个cl一个ss="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-eitiEO jXeALb breadCrumb" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jamc/contents/year/2008/" aria-label="2008">2008年</一个>/<span class="sc-bhlBdH UVThf">文章</span> </div> <div class="threeColumn__ThreeColumnWrapper-sc-1bf4078-0 dDyxFF threeColumnWrapper"> <div class="threeColumn__LeftWrapper-sc-1bf4078-1 fkVFlF leftWrapper"> <button type="button" class="sc-eKZiaR dzZrgS section__button " id="sectionButton"><span class="sc-htoDjs diutvq icon__dots dots__detector icon-colored _3n-7Ho7DlfjMlZbrRr9Q4a icon-themeable" title="" font-size="22"></span>文章部分</button> <div class="sc-bEjcJn jLUVhb static_contents__section_links links__hidden "> <div id="leftSectionMenu" class="sc-cbkKFq prcY sc-bGbJRg dVCLgr left_section_menu"> <p>在这一页上</p> <span class="sc-likbZx bBmZJZ grey" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-ePZHVD 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grey" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-ePZHVD ewHMLz" href="#references" aria-label="">引用</一个></span> <span class="sc-likbZx bBmZJZ grey" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-ePZHVD ewHMLz" href="#copyright" aria-label="">版权</一个></span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="threeColumn__ContentWrapper-sc-1bf4078-3 bbzREB contentWrapper"> <div class="threeColumn__Content-sc-1bf4078-4 jknsZc content"> <div class="articleContent__ArticleContentsWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-0 eSvjPB article_contents"> <div class="articleContent__ArticleContentsSectionsWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-1 jntdRu article_contents__sections_wrapper"> <div class="articleContent__ArticleWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-2 hAzjHP"> <div class="sc-chbbiW mBGSe article_header_class"> <p class="sc-kZmsYB bkiEfx article_type">研究文章|开放获取</p> <div class="sc-RcBXQ ztvYg article_citation"> 体积 2008年 <span class="sc-fZwumE cUsFHx">|</span>文章的ID 179498年 <span class="sc-fZwumE cUsFHx">|</span> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-fQejPQ duuwge" href="https://doi.org/10.1155/2008/179498" aria-label="Doi-link">https://doi.org/10.1155/2008/179498</一个> </div> <div class="sc-LKuAh lcOiDF article_full_citation"> <div class="sc-hzNEM gsmOCv isHide"> <p>Andrew s .布朗,理查德·j·c·布朗, ”<span class="adjust-article-svg-size">一项研究的关键贡献的不确定性分析环境空气中多氯联苯</span>”,<i>分析方法在化学杂志》上</我>, 卷。2008年, 文章的ID179498年, 14   页面, 2008年。 https://doi.org/10.1155/2008/179498</p> </div> <button class="sc-hSdWYo etauus sc-iBEsjs kPshFw" color="">显示引用</button> </div> <h1 class="sc-iRbamj jZOxOO sc-iSDuPN kEVvRd article_title adjust-article-svg-size heading-title">一项研究的关键贡献的不确定性分析环境空气中多氯联苯</h1> </div> <div class="sc-jrIrqw eHMFfo article_authors"> <hr class="sc-cEvuZC XkrFe hr__author"> <span class=""><b>安德鲁·s·布朗</b><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link" href="mailto:" aria-label="Mail Option"><span class="sc-htoDjs kNoiZu sc-hjRWVT irNWJI icon-colored _2zt-1j0LmaF8UjTQAM413G icon-themeable" title="" font-size="16"></span></a><sup>1</sup>和</span> <span class="">理查德·j·c·布朗<sup>1</sup></span> <div class="sc-fHxwqH dMuGGA isHide"> <p><sup>1</sup><span>分析科学团队,国家物理实验室、特丁顿TW11 0 lw,英国米德尔塞克斯</span></p> </div> <button class="sc-hSdWYo etauus sc-iQtOjA kfDwZY" color="">显示更多</button> </div> <div class="articleContent__EditorWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-3 evMkvU"> <div class="articleContent__TextWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-8 fYrLtk"> <b>学术编辑器:</b>彼得•斯托克</d我v> <div class="articleContent__PublicationTimeLineWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-4 fjviok"> <div class="articleContent__PublcationCol-sc-2yl9jy-5 hgKieC notPublished"> <span class="articleContent__PublicationField-sc-2yl9jy-6 cIribm">收到了</span> <span class="articleContent__PublicationValue-sc-2yl9jy-7 khHUcu">2007年12月21日</span> </div> <div class="articleContent__PublcationCol-sc-2yl9jy-5 hgKieC notPublished"> <span class="articleContent__PublicationField-sc-2yl9jy-6 cIribm">接受</span> <span class="articleContent__PublicationValue-sc-2yl9jy-7 khHUcu">2008年4月29日(</span> </div> <div class="articleContent__PublcationCol-sc-2yl9jy-5 hgKieC isPublished"> <span class="articleContent__PublicationField-sc-2yl9jy-6 cIribm">发表</span> <span class="articleContent__PublicationValue-sc-2yl9jy-7 khHUcu">2008年5月22日</span> </div> </div> </div> <article class="sc-jtRlXQ gvEcCq article_body "> <div> <div class="xml-content"> <h4 class="header" id="abstract">文摘</h4> <p>测量多氯联苯(PCBs)环境空气需要一个复杂的、多步骤样品制备过程之前,通过气相色谱分析-质谱法(gc - ms)分析。尽管常规分析实验室定期执行这些测量,他们常常很少进行测量的准确计算方面的不确定性,或欣赏的敏感性测量的准确性的每一步分析。测量方程为这一分析,开发和整体的贡献来源的不确定性在准备校准标准和其他解决方案由重量和体积的方法进行了讨论和比较。给出的实例分析,发现测量的不确定性是由gc - ms分析和建议体积的可重复性(而不是重量)制备的解决方案并不影响整体的不确定性。这项工作中提出的方法也适用于类似的方法分析物相似,例如,那些用来测量多环芳烃(多环芳烃)、农药、二恶英、呋喃在环境空气。</p> <span class="end-abs"></span> <h4 id="introduction">1。介绍</h4> <p>多氯联苯(图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jamc/2008/179498/fig1/" target="_blank">1</一个>)是一组高度有毒的持久性有机污染物(pop), 209年同类形式存在的数量和位置定义的氯原子取代苯基环。在英国,首次商业化生产多氯联苯在1930年代和20世纪中期生产普遍(仅在英国每年66500吨)<一个href="#B1">1</一个>]。工业应用包括制造电子设备(如变压器、电容器),换热流体,以及添加剂在油漆、密封胶和塑料。他们的使用是自愿淘汰在整个1970年代和全面禁止使用在1986年引进新工厂和设备<一个href="#B2">2</一个>]。尽管禁令,风险敞口的担忧人类多氯联苯仍然由于他们长期稳定的研究环境对健康危害已确定的报告(<一个href="#B3">3</一个>,<一个href="#B4">4</一个>]。</p> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig1"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig1"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="179498.fig.001" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/jamc/volume-2008/179498/figures/179498.fig.001.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图1</span> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jamc/2008/179498/fig1/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> 多氯联苯的结构。</t一个ble> </div> </div> </div> <p>2004年在英国,每年向空中释放多氯联苯估计为1330公斤,其中68%来自电子设备(<一个href="#B5">5</一个>]。其他被当成废物燃烧和能源生产。人类是另外暴露通过受污染的土壤(多氯联苯<一个href="#B6">6</一个>)、水(<一个href="#B7">7</一个>),和食物<一个href="#B8">8</一个>- - - - - -<一个href="#B10">10</一个>]。母乳中多氯联苯的存在(<一个href="#B9">9</一个>,<一个href="#B11">11</一个>,<一个href="#B12">12</一个>)新生儿的健康是有害的,例如,影响他们的免疫系统(<一个href="#B13">13</一个>]。</p> <p>限制多氯联苯(和其他持久性有机污染物)的释放到环境中,欧盟浪费电气和电子设备指令(WEEE) (<一个href="#B14">14</一个>,<一个href="#B15">15</一个>)设置限制水平可能被送往垃圾填埋场的电子垃圾。带来的一个后果是增加数量的电子设备在专业工厂拆卸,许多位于东亚。最近的测量在这些网站显示,工人们对持久性有机污染物的暴露水平数量级比一般人群(<一个href="#B16">16</一个>]。</p> <p>这些物种的长期积累的担忧所覆盖的环境会导致多氯联苯持久性有机污染物的斯德哥尔摩公约》(<一个href="#B17">17</一个>]——一个由151个国家签署条约,旨在保护人类健康和环境,减少和消除这些有毒物种的释放。英国政府最近开发了一个计划如何实施该条约的结果(<一个href="#B1">1</一个>]。</p> <p>精确测量多氯联苯的环境空气(和其他环境矩阵)因此重视立法者,工业,和公众,和一些纪录片标准方法可用于分析(<一个href="#B18">18</一个>- - - - - -<一个href="#B20">20.</一个>]。最广泛使用的分析方法包括溶剂萃取样品清理和分析,气相色谱分析-质谱法(gc - ms)或高分辨率气相。</p> <p>虽然现在多氯联苯作为常规的测量,许多实验室(许多国家accreditationorganisations areaccredited进行分析),复杂的多级性质的分析意味着很可能大多数测量多氯联苯没有进行严格评估的最终结果中固有的不确定性。随着立法的重要性,多氯联苯的精确测量(和类似的物种),有一个紧迫的需要确定这些不确定性正确为了为所有利害关系方提供的测量需要的信心。这是加剧了许多制备和分析过程的自动化测量。缺乏熟练的操作员干预也会导致大型分析错误,尤其是当结果的敏感性方面的方法不正确理解。</p> <p>本文首先提出了一种测量方程多氯联苯的分析,利用分析城市灰尘认证参考材料为例。这个测量方程被用于开发一个完整的预算的不确定性分析,强调整体的主要贡献因素最终结果的不确定性。使用重量或体积技术的优点和缺点的准备校准量化标准和其他的解决方案,并讨论了计算是否应该进行质量分数或质量浓度域,以减少不确定性。尽管本文提供的测量方程和预算的不确定性是特定于这个方法,希望读者会发现很容易适应在其他实验室使用。也可能作为基础来确定测量的不确定性相似的分析物在环境灰尘,例如,多环芳烃(多环芳烃)、二恶英、呋喃和氯化杀虫剂。</p> <h4 id="experimental">2。实验</h4> <h5 id="subsec2.1">2.1。材料和试剂</h5> <p>校准解决方案准备认证的多组分PCB原液的名义质量concen-tration 2<span class="inline" id=""></span>g⋅毫升<sup>−1</sup>(LGC Promochem,特丁顿,英国),根据需要di-luted与己烷(多环芳烃分析品位,在穿越,Geel,比利时、英国)。解决方案的内部标准(d<sub>14</sub>-p-terphenyl)和一个注射标准(d<sub>10</sub>-acenapthene)准备从500年股票名义质量浓度的解决方案<span class="inline" id=""></span>g⋅毫升<sup>−1</sup>和200年<span class="inline" id=""></span>g⋅毫升<sup>−1</sup>分别(LGC Promochem);解决方案的第二个内部标准(d<sub>12</sub>二萘嵌苯)准备从纯物质(LGC Promochem)。内部标准被用来定义提取的效率和检查过程中,注入标准正确的时间漂移的气相的灵敏度。</p> <p>认证的参考材料(CRM)分析了NIST SRM 1649是一个“城市灰尘”(马里兰州盖瑟斯堡ofStandards技术研究所,,美国)。己烷、乙醚(分析试剂级、费舍尔、拉夫堡、英国)被用作萃取溶剂、和壬烷(成绩≥99%,Sigma-Aldrich,吉林厄姆,英国)是作为“守门员”添加溶剂(预防解决方案是降低干燥)。提取清理使用硅(60至200<span class="inline" id=""></span>m,在穿越),氢氧化钾(AnalaR年级,VWR Lutterworth,英国),硫酸(AnalaR年级,BDH),硝酸银(试剂级,Fisher),元明粉(试剂级,在穿越),活性氧化铝(50至200年<span class="inline" id=""></span>m,在穿越),正己烷、甲苯(年级、相关分析、费舍尔、英国),和二氯甲烷(贝克分析品位,j·t·贝克Phillipsburg,新泽西,美国)。氦是用作气载气(毕普年级、空气产品、克鲁、英国)。</p> <h5 id="subsec2.2">2.2。分析方法的概述</h5> <p>提取、净化和gc - ms程序是基于使用方法在文献[<一个href="#B21">21</一个>),在纪录片标准覆盖中多氯联苯的测定环境空气和其他矩阵(<一个href="#B18">18</一个>- - - - - -<一个href="#B20">20.</一个>]。分析过程的概述,显示在每个阶段使用的溶剂(s)是在图的流程图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jamc/2008/179498/fig2/" target="_blank">2</一个>。注意方法的细节,特别是使用溶剂的种类和数量,可能这种分析所特有的,但同样的原理可以很容易地应用于覆盖在其他实验室所使用的方法。</p> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig2"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig2"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="179498.fig.002" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/jamc/volume-2008/179498/figures/179498.fig.002.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图2</span> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jamc/2008/179498/fig2/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> 流程图描述所使用的分析方法。</t一个ble> </div> </div> </div> <h5 id="subsec2.3">2.3。提取</h5> <p>一个适当的部分(通常是0.3克,0.5克)predried CRM的索氏提取24小时每小时4周期。在提取之前,所有样品都掺入了预定数量的内部标准(d<sub>14</sub>-p-terphenyl)解决方案添加这样的目标质量分数内标在最后的解决方案是大约50 ng⋅g<sup>−1</sup>,如果完全恢复。结果提取了100<span class="inline" id=""></span>L(壬烷作为“守门员”添加溶剂,用旋转蒸发器浓缩(Buchi、Flawil、瑞士)的体积小于1毫升。</p> <h5 id="subsec2.4">2.4。清理</h5> <p>连续两个列清理程序都使用前一般清理样品,第二个分隔多氯联苯和其他类似的物种,例如,多氯dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs)和多氯氧芴(PCDFs)。</p> <p>列一个(长300 mm×35毫米内部直径)由连续层二氧化硅,钾hydroxide-coated硅、二氧化硅、硫酸涂层二氧化硅,二氧化硅,银nitrate-coated二氧化硅,和硫酸钠。列和120毫升的己烷和水洗样品然后补充说,其次是250毫升的己烷。结果洗提液含有多氯联苯(和其他类似的物种,例如,PCDDs和PCDFs保留分离的第二列)。</p> <p>列两个(长250 mm×22毫米内直径)由一个底层的25克的氧化铝层5 g的硫酸钠。列与60毫升的己烷和水洗样品补充道。连续洗脱然后使用60毫升己烷(丢弃),90毫升甲苯(洗提液包含PCBs-retained gc - ms分析),最后200毫升正己烷和二氯甲烷(1:1 v / v)(洗提液含有PCDDs和PCDFs-retained单独分析如果需要的话)。保留洗提液浓缩到一个体积约为1毫升。</p> <p>最后,注射量标准溶液(包含d<sub>10</sub>-acenapthene和d<sub>12</sub>二萘嵌苯)添加体积的质量分数注入标准在最后的解决方案是大约15 ng⋅g<sup>−1</sup>。(解决方案的质量记录之前和之后的每一个上面添加)。样品被转移到gc - ms进行分析。如果这种分析不是立即发生,样本存储在密封amber-coloured容器在冰箱里为了防止热或光降解。</p> <h5 id="subsec2.5">2.5。制备校准解决方案</h5> <p>所有校准解决方案准备重量分析地在己烷使用模型LA230S平衡(缝匠肌、哥廷根、德国)。(这是在后续部分充分讨论,准备解决方案的方法体积或重量分析地比较)。一系列标准准备覆盖的预期质量分数范围内提取的样本,其中每个还包含一个已知质量分数约50 ng⋅g<sup>−1</sup>内部标准和大约15 ng⋅g<sup>−1</sup>注入的标准。所有的解决方案都存储在琥珀色玻璃瓶在冰箱里。</p> <h5 id="subsec2.6">2.6。gc - ms分析</h5> <p>gc - ms分析使用一个模型5890与6973型气相色谱仪电子电离质谱检测系统(安捷伦,沃金厄姆,英国)。autosampler用于允许自动注入大量的样品和校准标准。完整的gc - ms方法和优化参数表<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jamc/2008/179498/tab1/" target="_blank">1</一个>。质谱仪是在选择离子监测(SIM)模式<svg height="9.6750002" id="M1" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:9.6374998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.6374998 9.6750002" width="9.6374998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,9.675)"> <g transform="translate(72,-64.26)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>比(s)为每个分析物监控表所示<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jamc/2008/179498/tab2/" target="_blank">2</一个>。每个样品和校准解决方案分析了至少三次。为仪器的漂移,正确的比例分析物峰面积注入标准峰面积计算为每个运行这些比率的平均值和标准偏差被确定。广义最小二乘的计算进行了使用XLGENLINE(英国国家物理实验室)<一个href="#B22">22</一个>]。</p> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="tab1"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-tab1"> <table class="table-group" id="tab1"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <table class="table"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="2"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr class="thead"> <td align="center" colspan="2">气相色谱仪参数</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="2"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">注入模式</td> <td align="center">离了</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">进样口温度</td> <td align="center">275年<sup>°</sup>C</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">注入量</td> <td align="center">2<span class="inline" id=""></span>l</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">GC MS传输线温度</td> <td align="center">290年<sup>°</sup>C</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">载气流量</td> <td align="center">氦;1.8毫升⋅敏<sup>−1</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" rowspan="2">列</td> <td align="center">HP-5MS[(5%苯基)methyl-polysiloxane],</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center">30米×0.25毫米×0.25<span class="inline" id=""></span>(膜厚度)</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" rowspan="4">温度程序</td> <td align="center">(1)70<sup>°</sup>C-hold 2分钟</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center">(2)增加到150人<sup>°</sup>C在15<sup>°</sup>C⋅敏<sup>−1</sup>-不持有</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center">(3)增加到300人<sup>°</sup>C在10<sup>°</sup>C⋅敏<sup>−1</sup>他们5分钟</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center">(项目的总时间= 27.3分钟)</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" colspan="2"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" colspan="2">质谱参数</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" colspan="2"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">离子源温度</td> <td align="center">250年<sup>°</sup>C</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">四极的温度</td> <td align="center">150年<sup>°</sup>C</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">电子倍增器电压</td> <td align="center">2800 V</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">其他调优参数</td> <td align="center">自动优化</td> </tr> <tr class="table-tr"> <td colspan="2"> <hr class="tbody-hr"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">表1</span> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jamc/2008/179498/tab1/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> gc - ms方法和优化参数。</d我v> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="tab2"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-tab2"> <table class="table-group" id="tab2"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <table class="table"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="4"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr class="thead"> <td align="left">集团</td> <td align="center">PCB同类(s)测量</td> <td align="center"> <svg height="9.6750002" id="M2" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.6374998 9.6750002" width="9.6374998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,9.675)"> <g transform="translate(72,-64.26)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>(1)</td> <td align="center"> <svg height="9.6750002" id="M3" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.6374998 9.6750002" width="9.6374998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,9.675)"> <g transform="translate(72,-64.26)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>(2)</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="4"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">Mono (Cl<sub>1</sub>)多氯联苯</td> <td align="center">1、3</td> <td align="center">188.1</td> <td align="center">152.1</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">Di (Cl<sub>2</sub>)多氯联苯</td> <td align="center">4、15</td> <td align="center">222.0</td> <td align="center">152.1</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">三(Cl<sub>3</sub>)多氯联苯</td> <td align="center">19日,37</td> <td align="center">255.9</td> <td align="center">186.0</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">利乐(Cl<sub>4</sub>)多氯联苯</td> <td align="center">54、77、81</td> <td align="center">291.9</td> <td align="center">220.0</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">五(Cl<sub>5</sub>)多氯联苯</td> <td align="center">104,105,114,118,123,126</td> <td align="center">325.9</td> <td align="center">254.0</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">六(Cl<sub>6</sub>)多氯联苯</td> <td align="center">155、156、157、167、169</td> <td align="center">359.8</td> <td align="center">289.9</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">七(Cl<sub>7</sub>)多氯联苯</td> <td align="center">188年,189年</td> <td align="center">393.9</td> <td align="center">323.9</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">八面体(Cl<sub>8</sub>)多氯联苯</td> <td align="center">202年,205年</td> <td align="center">429.8</td> <td align="center">359.9</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">诺娜(Cl<sub>9</sub>)多氯联苯</td> <td align="center">206年,208年</td> <td align="center">463.8</td> <td align="center">393.8</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">十(Cl<sub>10</sub>)印刷电路板</td> <td align="center">209年</td> <td align="center">499.6</td> <td align="center">429.8</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" colspan="4"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">被分析物</td> <td align="center">使用</td> <td align="center"> <svg height="9.6750002" id="M4" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.6374998 9.6750002" width="9.6374998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,9.675)"> <g transform="translate(72,-64.26)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>(1)</td> <td align="center"> <svg height="9.6750002" id="M5" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.6374998 9.6750002" width="9.6374998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,9.675)"> <g transform="translate(72,-64.26)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>(2)</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center" colspan="4"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">d<sub>14</sub>-p-terphenyl</td> <td align="center">内部标准</td> <td align="center">164.1</td> <td align="center">162.1</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">d<sub>10</sub>-acenapthene</td> <td align="center">注射标准1</td> <td align="center">224.2</td> <td align="center">- - - - - -</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">d<sub>12</sub>二萘嵌苯</td> <td align="center">注射标准2</td> <td align="center">264.1</td> <td align="center">- - - - - -</td> </tr> <tr class="table-tr"> <td colspan="4"> <hr class="tbody-hr"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">表2</span> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jamc/2008/179498/tab2/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> 在气相离子监测单离子监测模式。</d我v> </div> </div> <h4 id="results-and-discussion">3所示。结果与讨论</h4> <p>讨论的介绍,是一个紧迫的需要确定的不确定性测量多氯联苯的严格和健壮的方式为了提供议员、政府、产业和公众信心withsufficient测量。本文决定了测量的不确定性通过开发一个不确定性反过来预算三种不同的方法:<span class="list"><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label">(1)</span><span class="list-content">重量准备解决方案:在质量分数域进行计算;</span></span><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label">(2)</span><span class="list-content">体积准备解决方案:质量浓度域进行计算;</span></span><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label">(3)</span><span class="list-content">重量分析地准备一个中间方法的解决方案,但计算和标签解决方案在质量分数域进行。</span></span></span></p> <h5 id="subsec3.1">3.1。重量准备的解决方案(质量分数域)</h5> <p>当以下指南中概述的过程测量的不确定性(口香糖)<一个href="#B23">23</一个>),不确定性的发展预算的第一步是产生一个测量方程。假设所有重量分析地准备校准标准和其他解决方案,上述分析方法的测量方程如下所示。这里给出的方程当然是特定于这个实验方法,但它的目的是提出了这样一种方式,它应该能很容易适应读者的使用与其他类似的分析。</p> <p>测量方程<span class="equation" id="eq1"> <svg height="9.6750002" id="M6" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:9.6374998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.6374998 9.6750002" width="9.6374998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,9.675)"> <g transform="translate(72,-64.26)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span><span class="equation" id="eq2"> <svg height="10.9125" id="M7" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:23.362499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 23.362499 10.9125" width="23.362499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.8771296" y="0"> /</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.352964" y="0"> </tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span><span class="equation" id="eq3"> <svg height="9.6750002" id="M8" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:9.6374998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.6374998 9.6750002" width="9.6374998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,9.675)"> <g transform="translate(72,-64.26)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span><span class="equation" id="eq4"> <svg height="9.6750002" id="M9" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:9.6374998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.6374998 9.6750002" width="9.6374998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,9.675)"> <g transform="translate(72,-64.26)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span>在(<一个href="#eq1">1</一个>),<svg height="10.9125" id="M10" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:23.362499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 23.362499 10.9125" width="23.362499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.8771296" y="0"> /</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.352964" y="0"> </tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>的质量分数计算PCB SRM的分析物,<svg height="10.9125" id="M11" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:23.362499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 23.362499 10.9125" width="23.362499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.8771296" y="0"> /</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.352964" y="0"> </tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>是衡量质量分数PCB分析物的提取,<svg height="10.9125" id="M12" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:23.362499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 23.362499 10.9125" width="23.362499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.8771296" y="0"> /</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.352964" y="0"> </tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>提取的质量,<svg height="10.9125" id="M13" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:23.362499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 23.362499 10.9125" width="23.362499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.8771296" y="0"> /</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.352964" y="0"> </tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>是一个偏差纠正密度之间的差异分析提取和校准解决方案,<svg height="38.537498" id="M14" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 38.537498" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,38.5375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-41.17)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,133.57,53.22)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,140.45,50.1)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> P</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8748641" y="0"> C</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.712448" y="0"> B</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,157,50.1)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,160.65,50.1)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 年代</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8661122" y="0"> R</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.703696" y="0"> 米</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,183.1,53.22)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.23" y="-10.38"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,203.21,60.47)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> P</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8748641" y="0"> C</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.712448" y="0"> B</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,219.76,60.47)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,223.41,60.47)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> e</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.702096" y="0"> x</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.0780964" y="0"> t</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,237.2,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ⋅</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3390212" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,252.43,60.47)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> e</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.702096" y="0"> x</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.0780964" y="0"> t</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,266.22,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ⋅</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3390212" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <g> <path d="m 196.33,56.35 82.53,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,213.78,44.47)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,220.03,41.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,227.2,44.47)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ⋅</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3515239" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,242.43,41.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 年代</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8661122" y="0"> R</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.703696" y="0"> 米</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,280.05,53.22)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="194.07001" y="0"> (</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="198.23351" y="0"> 1</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="204.485" y="0"> )</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>提取效率,<svg height="54.212502" id="M15" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 54.212502" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,54.2125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-28.63)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,158.73,49.11)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,165.61,45.98)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> P</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8748641" y="0"> C</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.712448" y="0"> B</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,182.16,45.98)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,185.81,45.98)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> e</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.702096" y="0"> x</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.0780964" y="0"> t</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,200.29,49.11)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</tspan> </text> <g> <path d="m 213.52,70.71 8.97,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,213.52,59.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,222.49,56.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> P</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8748641" y="0"> C</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.712448" y="0"> B</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,239.04,56.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,242.69,56.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> e</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.702096" y="0"> x</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.0780964" y="0"> t</tspan> </text> <g> <path d="m 213.52,52.24 40.18,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,224.2,42.99)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> •</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,221.49,31.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,228.68,28.8)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> P</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8748641" y="0"> C</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.712448" y="0"> B</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,254.89,49.11)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="219.23" y="0"> (</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="223.39349" y="0"> 2</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="229.645" y="0"> )</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>SRM提取的质量。</p> <p>在(<一个href="#eq2">2</一个>),<svg height="51.474998" id="M16" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 51.474998" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,51.475)"> <g transform="translate(72,-30.82)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,148.6,49.11)"> <tspan style="font-size: 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<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,201.86,33.76)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,205.51,33.76)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> c</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.8858881" y="0"> 一个</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="7.7717762" y="0"> l</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,218.99,36.88)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ⋅</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3515239" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,232.22,41.38)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,232.22,32.11)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 我</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.4330561" y="0"> n</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> t</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,241.47,32.11)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,245.11,32.11)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> e</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.7108481" y="0"> x</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.0868483" y="0"> t</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,265.03,49.11)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="209.09" y="0"> (</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="213.25349" y="0"> 3</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="219.505" y="0"> )</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>是平均注入standard-corrected PCB分析物的峰面积提取,然后呢<svg height="33.512501" id="M17" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 33.512501" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,33.5125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-45.19)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,186.07,57.21)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.15" y="-9.2299995"> </tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.764843" y="0"> =</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,215.5,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> c</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.8858881" y="0"> 一个</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="7.7717762" y="0"> l</tspan> </text> <g> <path d="m 209.07,60.33 17.29,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,209.07,48.46)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,215.35,45.33)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> e</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.702096" y="0"> x</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.0780964" y="0"> t</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,227.55,57.21)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 。</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="246.57001" y="0"> (</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="250.73351" y="0"> 4</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="256.98499" y="0"> )</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>是PCB的校准曲线的梯度分析物。</p> <p>在(<一个href="#eq3">3</一个>),<svg height="12.4625" id="M18" style="vertical-align:-4.37273pt;width:57.700001px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 57.700001 12.4625" width="57.700001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.4625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.03)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> P</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8748641" y="0"> C</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.712448" y="0"> B</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-48.52,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-44.88,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 年代</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8661122" y="0"> R</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.703696" y="0"> 米</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<svg height="12.4625" id="M19" style="vertical-align:-4.37273pt;width:47.724998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 47.724998 12.4625" width="47.724998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.4625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.03)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> P</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8748641" y="0"> C</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.712448" y="0"> B</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-48.52,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-44.88,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> e</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.7108481" y="0"> x</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.0868483" y="0"> t</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>平均,注入standard-corrected内部标准的峰值区域提取,和校准解决方案,分别<svg height="11.0375" id="M20" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt;width:24.987499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 24.987499 11.0375" width="24.987499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.17)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.07,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> e</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.702096" y="0"> x</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.0780964" y="0"> t</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>的质量分数的内部标准校准解决方案,<svg height="10.7375" id="M21" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt;width:7.9875002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 7.9875002 10.7375" width="7.9875002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.7375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.41)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>的理论质量分数的内部标准提取物(假设完全恢复),然后呢<svg height="11.05" id="M22" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:13.425px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 13.425 11.05" width="13.425" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.05)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.16)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.7,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>偏差纠正也出现在(<一个href="#eq1">1</一个>)。</p> <p>在(<一个href="#eq4">4</一个>),<svg height="11.075" id="M23" style="vertical-align:-3.25792pt;width:34.950001px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 34.950001 11.075" width="34.950001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.075)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.14)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.07,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 年代</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8661122" y="0"> R</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.703696" y="0"> 米</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>提取和密度吗<svg height="21.1625" id="M24" style="vertical-align:-4.37273pt;width:50.337502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 50.337502 21.1625" width="50.337502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,21.1625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-55.07)"> <g> <path d="m -71.95,70.71 8.96,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,59.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.99,56.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> P</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8748641" y="0"> C</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.712448" y="0"> B</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-46.44,56.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-42.79,56.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> e</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.7108481" y="0"> x</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.0868483" y="0"> t</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>校准溶液的密度。</p> <p>方程(<一个href="#eq1">1</一个>)是顶级测量方程和直接输入(<一个href="#eq2">2</一个>),(<一个href="#eq3">3</一个>)和(<一个href="#eq4">4</一个>)。方程(<一个href="#eq4">4</一个>)也输入(<一个href="#eq3">3</一个>)。重要的是要注意,当(<一个href="#eq3">3</一个>)替换成(<一个href="#eq1">1</一个>),<svg height="25.9625" id="M25" style="vertical-align:-3.25792pt;width:30.424999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 30.424999 25.9625" width="30.424999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,25.9625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-51.23)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-69.24,65.59)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> •</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,53.67)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.76,51.4)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> P</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8748641" y="0"> C</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.712448" y="0"> B</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>取消这是后来讨论的主题。现在讨论这些方程,在每个方程估计每个组件的不确定性。</p> <p>方程(<一个href="#eq4">4</一个>)描述需要修正,因为密度校准的解决方案很可能是不同的密度提取(<一个href="#B24">24</一个>]。在这里描述的情况下,计算进行质量分数,这需要校正质量注入气相的不同使用注射体积不变。这种差异是因为校准解决方案和提取的密度可能是不同的两个原因。首先,以下列出的多级抽样检查过程(在图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jamc/2008/179498/fig2/" target="_blank">2</一个>),结果提取解决方案可能组成的混合溶剂,将不可避免地有不同密度的校准解决方案,准备在己烷。其次,提取包含一个复杂的物种从CRM中提取的混合物。很明显从简单的观察其属性不同的浓缩提取显著校准方式提取通常是黄褐色的色彩和粘性。在这个例子中,假设的密度校准解决方案己烷是一样的,也就是说,<svg height="21.1625" id="M26" style="vertical-align:-4.37273pt;width:41.200001px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 41.200001 21.1625" width="41.200001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,21.1625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-55.07)"> <g> <path d="m -71.95,70.71 8.96,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,59.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.99,56.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 我</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.4330561" y="0"> n</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> t</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-53.74,56.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-50.1,56.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> e</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.7108481" y="0"> x</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.0868483" y="0"> t</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>g⋅毫升<sup>−1</sup>(从上面),提取的密度,也就是说,<svg height="21.1625" id="M27" style="vertical-align:-4.37273pt;width:40.825001px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 40.825001 21.1625" width="40.825001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,21.1625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-55.07)"> <g> <path d="m -71.95,70.71 8.96,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,59.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.99,56.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 我</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.4330561" y="0"> n</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> t</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-53.74,56.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-50.1,56.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> c</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.8858881" y="0"> 一个</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="7.7717762" y="0"> l</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>是<svg height="12.4625" id="M28" style="vertical-align:-4.37273pt;width:38.212502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 38.212502 12.4625" width="38.212502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.4625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.03)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 我</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.4330561" y="0"> n</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> t</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-55.83,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-52.18,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> c</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.8858881" y="0"> 一个</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="7.7717762" y="0"> l</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>g⋅毫升<sup>−1</sup>。这给了一个值<svg height="19.450001" id="M29" style="vertical-align:-5.52745pt;width:38.599998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 38.599998 19.450001" width="38.599998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,19.45)"> <g transform="translate(72,-56.44)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,62)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,67.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,57.73)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 我</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.4330561" y="0"> n</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> t</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-55.83,57.73)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-52.18,57.73)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> e</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.702096" y="0"> x</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.0780964" y="0"> t</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>0.775。(在本例中,这个值<svg height="10.7375" id="M30" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt;width:7.9875002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 7.9875002 10.7375" width="7.9875002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.7375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.41)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>近似和一个大型标准不确定度(8%)和一个矩形不确定性函数因此被应用。<svg height="11.0375" id="M31" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt;width:21.737499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 21.737499 11.0375" width="21.737499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.17)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.67,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> e</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.702096" y="0"> x</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.0780964" y="0"> t</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>也可以确定实验通过提取到一个合适的注射器,记录它的体积和使用这个值随着提取物的质量。这个质量可以衡量重量的注射器,没有提取或转入另一个容器)。</p> <p>如上所述,这两个概念<svg height="11.0375" id="M32" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt;width:21.35px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 21.35 11.0375" width="21.35" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.17)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.67,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> c</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.8858881" y="0"> 一个</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="7.7717762" y="0"> l</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>取消条款测量方程。这是因为每个注入气用于两个目的:测定PCB中样本的数量(由(<一个href="#eq1">1</一个>)),计算提取率((<一个href="#eq3">3</一个>))。既是thesedeterminations遭受同样的偏见,<svg height="10.7375" id="M33" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt;width:7.9875002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 7.9875002 10.7375" width="7.9875002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.7375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.41)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>与密度的差异,这意味着不确定性<svg height="14.9" id="M34" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt;width:170.3875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 170.3875 14.9" width="170.3875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.9)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.08)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.67,60.22)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> c</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.8858881" y="0"> 一个</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="7.7717762" y="0"> l</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-51.5,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> (</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.191385" y="0"> 0</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.442884" y="0"> 。</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.568636" y="0"> 6</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.820135" y="0"> 5</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.071636" y="0"> 9</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="44.323135" y="0"> 3</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="50.574635" y="0"> 6</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="59.614304" y="0"> ±</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="70.954529" y="0"> 0</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="77.206024" y="0"> 。</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="80.331772" y="0"> 0</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="86.583275" y="0"> 0</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="92.834778" y="0"> 1</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="99.086273" y="0"> 3</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="105.33778" y="0"> 7</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="111.58927" y="0"> )</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>可以分配给是零。尽管<svg height="11.0375" id="M35" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt;width:21.737499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 21.737499 11.0375" width="21.737499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.17)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.67,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> e</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.702096" y="0"> x</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.0780964" y="0"> t</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>取消条款的存在(<一个href="#eq3">3</一个>)增加整体的不确定性进一步通过引入两个仪器重复性条款和另外两个标准准备条件。这将不需要如果一个方法,在哪里<svg height="13.6375" id="M36" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:82.887497px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 82.887497 13.6375" width="82.887497" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.6375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.09)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> 0</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> 。</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.540749" y="0"> 8</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.79225" y="0"> 5</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.819414" y="0"> ±</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.159637" y="0"> 0</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="46.411137" y="0"> 。</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="49.536884" y="0"> 0</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="55.788387" y="0"> 7</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="62.039886" y="0"> )</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>不是测量方程的一部分,但仅仅是计算作为质量保证过程的一部分,也就是说,(<一个href="#eq3">3</一个>)不属于测量方程。在这些情况下,下面将进一步讨论,贡献的不确定性<svg height="10.7375" id="M37" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt;width:7.9875002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 7.9875002 10.7375" width="7.9875002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.7375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.41)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>在(<一个href="#eq1">1</一个>)必须充分考虑。</p> <p>方程(<一个href="#eq3">3</一个>)计算的萃取效率分析通过比较测量的内部标准的质量分数分析提取的理论质量分数计算数量飙升之前提取。这个理论质量分数,<svg height="11.0375" id="M38" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt;width:21.737499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 21.737499 11.0375" width="21.737499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.17)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.67,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> e</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.702096" y="0"> x</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.0780964" y="0"> t</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>在(<一个href="#eq3">3</一个>),可以确定内部质量分数和体积的标准溶液用于执行飙升。在这项研究中,一个内部标准(d<sub>14</sub>-p-terphenyl)解决方案的质量分数<svg height="11.0375" id="M39" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt;width:21.737499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 21.737499 11.0375" width="21.737499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.17)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.67,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> e</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.702096" y="0"> x</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.0780964" y="0"> t</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>ng⋅g<sup>−1</sup>是使用。(质量分数的不确定性的计算,使用的所有其他解决方案进行了假设的不确定性在平衡阅读是0.5毫克)。一卷50<span class="inline" id=""></span>L使用这个解决方案的飙升示例之前提取。如果假设标准体积的不确定性上升为0.25<span class="inline" id=""></span>L和溶液的密度是一样的己烷(例如,<svg height="10.7375" id="M40" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt;width:7.9875002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 7.9875002 10.7375" width="7.9875002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.7375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.41)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>g⋅毫升<sup>−1</sup>),这给了解决方案的总质量上升<svg height="10.7375" id="M41" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt;width:7.9875002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 7.9875002 10.7375" width="7.9875002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.7375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.41)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>毫克,因此一个d<sub>14</sub>-p-terphenyl质量<svg height="10.7375" id="M42" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt;width:7.9875002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 7.9875002 10.7375" width="7.9875002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.7375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.41)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>ng。(用于己烷的密度值图20<sup>°</sup>C由(<一个href="#B25">25</一个>)和不确定性在这个图18.5覆盖给定密度之间的温度<sup>°</sup>C和21.5<sup>°</sup>模型控制的实验室环境中合理的假设)。使用数据从一个典型的分析为例,总提取物的质量后凝结在成交量超过1毫升<svg height="10.7375" id="M43" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt;width:7.9875002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 7.9875002 10.7375" width="7.9875002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.7375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.41)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>毫克,给<svg height="11.05" id="M44" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:13.425px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 13.425 11.05" width="13.425" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.05)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.16)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.7,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>在这个实例中<svg height="10.7375" id="M45" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt;width:7.9875002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 7.9875002 10.7375" width="7.9875002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.7375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.41)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>ng⋅g<sup>−1</sup>。(以上数量的不确定性在每个计算了在正交组合成分的不确定性)。</p> <p>上面的计算表明,知识程度的有机溶剂的密度(s)用于准备解决方案对整个测量。为股票的解决方案从供应商购买在绝大多数情况下认证质量浓度单位(例如,ng⋅毫升<sup>−1</sup>),使用重量的制备方法,如这里所描述,需要密度是第一次使用这些转换成质量分数被再次使用之前在上面的计算。</p> <p>其他质量分数项(<一个href="#eq3">3</一个>),<svg height="19.450001" id="M46" style="vertical-align:-5.52745pt;width:38.599998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 38.599998 19.450001" width="38.599998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,19.45)"> <g transform="translate(72,-56.44)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,62)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,67.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,57.73)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 我</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.4330561" y="0"> n</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> t</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-55.83,57.73)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-52.18,57.73)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> e</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.702096" y="0"> x</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.0780964" y="0"> t</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>的质量分数所使用的内部标准校准的解决方案之一。正如上面所描述的实验部分,目标内部标准在每一个校准溶液的质量分数是50 ng⋅g<sup>−1</sup>,但实际价值和不确定性可以确定准确的重量数据,确保正确的不确定性传播。采取的一个中档校准解决方案作为一个例子,内部标准的质量分数和标准的不确定性在这个解决方案中确定<svg height="13.6375" id="M47" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:90.699997px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 90.699997 13.6375" width="90.699997" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.6375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.09)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> 1</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> 2</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.666498" y="0"> 8</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.917999" y="0"> 4</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.169498" y="0"> 。</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.29525" y="0"> 6</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="41.322414" y="0"> ±</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="52.662636" y="0"> 4</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="58.914135" y="0"> 。</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="62.039886" y="0"> 5</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="68.291389" y="0"> )</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>ng⋅g<sup>−1</sup>,这里的不确定性被传播的不确定性,计算每个重(0.5毫克),和不确定性在股票的密度和质量浓度的解决方案。</p> <p>偏差修正项,<svg height="9.6750002" id="M48" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:9.6374998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.6374998 9.6750002" width="9.6374998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,9.675)"> <g transform="translate(72,-64.26)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>上面所讨论的。剩下的两个方程中,<svg height="9.6750002" id="M49" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:9.6374998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.6374998 9.6750002" width="9.6374998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,9.675)"> <g transform="translate(72,-64.26)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<svg height="13.6375" id="M50" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:129.77499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 129.77499 13.6375" width="129.77499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.6375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.09)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> 0</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> 。</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.540749" y="0"> 6</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.79225" y="0"> 5</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.043749" y="0"> 9</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.29525" y="0"> 3</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.546749" y="0"> 6</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="47.573914" y="0"> ±</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="58.914135" y="0"> 0</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="65.165634" y="0"> 。</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="68.291389" y="0"> 0</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="74.542885" y="0"> 0</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="80.794388" y="0"> 1</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="87.045883" y="0"> 3</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="93.297386" y="0"> 7</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="99.548889" y="0"> )</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,意思是,注入standard-corrected反应的内部标准提取和校准解决方案,分别。注射标准校正是用于提高测量的重复性减少仪器零点漂移造成的影响和差异样本注入气相的体积。在这里使用的方法,所有的解决方案分析包含两个注射标准来看它是注射标准感兴趣的分析物的保留时间最近的用于提供修正。的不确定性<svg height="13.45" id="M51" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:90.699997px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 90.699997 13.45" width="90.699997" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.45)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> 3</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> 2</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.666498" y="0"> 。</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.79225" y="0"> 9</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.043749" y="0"> 7</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.070915" y="0"> ±</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="46.411137" y="0"> 0</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="52.662636" y="0"> 。</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="55.788387" y="0"> 1</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="62.039886" y="0"> 8</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="68.291389" y="0"> )</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<svg height="13.6375" id="M52" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:90.699997px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 90.699997 13.6375" width="90.699997" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.6375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.09)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> 4</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> 2</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.666498" y="0"> 。</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.79225" y="0"> 3</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.043749" y="0"> 5</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.070915" y="0"> ±</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="46.411137" y="0"> 0</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="52.662636" y="0"> 。</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="55.788387" y="0"> 2</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="62.039886" y="0"> 7</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="68.291389" y="0"> )</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>可以通过简单地计算标准偏差估计的比率<svg height="13.575" id="M53" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:90.699997px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 90.699997 13.575" width="90.699997" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.575)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.14)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.4)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> 1</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> 0</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.666498" y="0"> 3</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.917999" y="0"> 2</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.169498" y="0"> 。</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.29525" y="0"> 2</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="41.322414" y="0"> ±</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="52.662636" y="0"> 0</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="58.914135" y="0"> 。</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="62.039886" y="0"> 6</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="68.291389" y="0"> )</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<svg height="19.450001" id="M54" style="vertical-align:-5.52745pt;width:38.599998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 38.599998 19.450001" width="38.599998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,19.45)"> <g transform="translate(72,-56.44)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,62)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,67.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,57.73)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 我</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.4330561" y="0"> n</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> t</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-55.83,57.73)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-52.18,57.73)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> e</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.702096" y="0"> x</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.0780964" y="0"> t</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>分别在哪里<svg height="13.45" id="M55" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:90.699997px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 90.699997 13.45" width="90.699997" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.45)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> 4</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> 1</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.666498" y="0"> 。</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.79225" y="0"> 0</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.043749" y="0"> 3</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.070915" y="0"> ±</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="46.411137" y="0"> 0</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="52.662636" y="0"> 。</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="55.788387" y="0"> 2</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="62.039886" y="0"> 7</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="68.291389" y="0"> )</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>是注射记录峰面积标准的<svg height="12.4625" id="M56" style="vertical-align:-4.37273pt;width:38.212502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 38.212502 12.4625" width="38.212502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.4625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.03)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 我</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.4330561" y="0"> n</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> t</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-55.83,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-52.18,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> c</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.8858881" y="0"> 一个</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="7.7717762" y="0"> l</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>重复的提取和分析<svg height="13.6375" id="M57" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:90.699997px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 90.699997 13.6375" width="90.699997" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.6375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.09)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> 5</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> 8</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.666498" y="0"> 。</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.79225" y="0"> 9</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.043749" y="0"> 0</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.070915" y="0"> ±</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="46.411137" y="0"> 0</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="52.662636" y="0"> 。</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="55.788387" y="0"> 4</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="62.039886" y="0"> 5</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="68.291389" y="0"> )</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>类似的术语校准解决方案。范例标准差上面的比例都是2.5%,然而这个标准偏差可能会随质量分数(<一个href="#B26">26</一个>,<一个href="#B27">27</一个>]。还应该指出的是,本文在讨论峰值区域空白减去峰值区域,也就是说,峰值区域减法后的溶剂空白(对这些分析物往往发现零)。</p> <p>回到萃取效率的讨论,<svg height="10.7375" id="M58" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt;width:7.9875002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 7.9875002 10.7375" width="7.9875002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.7375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.41)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>之前,如果所有的内部标准上升gc - ms分析,提取恢复在最后<svg height="21.1625" id="M59" style="vertical-align:-4.37273pt;width:41.200001px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 41.200001 21.1625" width="41.200001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,21.1625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-55.07)"> <g> <path d="m -71.95,70.71 8.96,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,59.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.99,56.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 我</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.4330561" y="0"> n</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> t</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-53.74,56.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-50.1,56.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> e</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.7108481" y="0"> x</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.0868483" y="0"> t</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>等于团结。它不仅仅是可能<svg height="21.1625" id="M60" style="vertical-align:-4.37273pt;width:40.825001px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 40.825001 21.1625" width="40.825001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,21.1625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-55.07)"> <g> <path d="m -71.95,70.71 8.96,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,59.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.99,56.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 我</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.4330561" y="0"> n</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> t</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-53.74,56.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-50.1,56.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> c</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.8858881" y="0"> 一个</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="7.7717762" y="0"> l</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>在这种情况下,可以应用两种不同的策略。第一个是使用的计算值<svg height="21.1625" id="M61" style="vertical-align:-4.37273pt;width:41.200001px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 41.200001 21.1625" width="41.200001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,21.1625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-55.07)"> <g> <path d="m -71.95,70.71 8.96,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,59.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.99,56.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 我</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.4330561" y="0"> n</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> t</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-53.74,56.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-50.1,56.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> e</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.7108481" y="0"> x</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.0868483" y="0"> t</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,无论多么大或小。另一种方法是设置最小和/或最大许用值<svg height="21.1625" id="M62" style="vertical-align:-4.37273pt;width:40.825001px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 40.825001 21.1625" width="40.825001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,21.1625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-55.07)"> <g> <path d="m -71.95,70.71 8.96,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,59.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.99,56.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 我</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.4330561" y="0"> n</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> t</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-53.74,56.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-50.1,56.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> c</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.8858881" y="0"> 一个</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="7.7717762" y="0"> l</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,如<svg height="16.987499" id="M63" style="vertical-align:-5.04861pt;width:102.55px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 102.55 16.987499" width="102.55" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.9875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-58.41)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.99,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 我</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.4330561" y="0"> n</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> t</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-53.74,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-50.1,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> e</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.7108481" y="0"> x</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.0868483" y="0"> t</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-39.58,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.6408319" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-32.72,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> /</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="3.4758339" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-20.28,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 我</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.4330561" y="0"> n</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> j</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-11.03,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-7.39,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> e</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.7108481" y="0"> x</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.0868483" y="0"> t</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,3.12,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.6495841" y="0"> </tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。在这种方法中,如果该值<svg height="16.987499" id="M64" style="vertical-align:-5.04861pt;width:101.7875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 101.7875 16.987499" width="101.7875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.9875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-58.41)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.99,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 我</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.4330561" y="0"> n</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> t</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-53.74,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-50.1,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> c</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.8858881" y="0"> 一个</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="7.7717762" y="0"> l</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-39.89,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.6408319" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-33.02,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> /</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="3.4758339" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-20.58,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 我</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.4330561" y="0"> n</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> j</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-11.34,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-7.69,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> c</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.8858881" y="0"> 一个</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="7.7717762" y="0"> l</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,2.51,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.6408319" y="0"> </tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>落在这个范围内,然后提取是有效的和一个值<svg height="16.8375" id="M65" style="vertical-align:-5.04861pt;width:49.162498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 49.162498 16.8375" width="49.162498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.8375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-58.53)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.61)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.99,60.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 我</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.4330561" y="0"> n</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> j</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-53.74,60.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-50.1,60.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> e</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.7108481" y="0"> x</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.0868483" y="0"> t</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-39.58,60.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.6408319" y="0"> </tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>是用于(<一个href="#eq1">1</一个>)。另一方面,如果该值<svg height="9.9250002" id="M66" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt;width:4.9875002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 4.9875002 9.9250002" width="4.9875002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,9.925)"> <g transform="translate(72,-64.06)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>低于这个最低,提取是不适合目的和结果丢弃。虽然这两种方法都有各自的优点和缺点,选择前者,即计算的值<svg height="16.8375" id="M67" style="vertical-align:-5.04861pt;width:48.787498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 48.787498 16.8375" width="48.787498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.8375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-58.53)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.61)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.99,60.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 我</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.4330561" y="0"> n</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> j</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-53.74,60.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-50.1,60.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> c</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.8858881" y="0"> 一个</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="7.7717762" y="0"> l</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-39.89,60.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.6408319" y="0"> </tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>输入(<一个href="#eq1">1</一个>)。(一些纪录片标准相似的分析(例如,<一个href="#B28">28</一个>)使用后一种方法,然而,这并不是严格有效的不使用这个术语的不确定性的贡献<svg height="11.05" id="M68" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:13.425px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 13.425 11.05" width="13.425" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.05)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.16)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.7,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,大多数分析师忽略。)</p> <p>方程(<一个href="#eq2">2</一个>)计算PCB同类中提取的质量分数普遍使用的最小二乘(gl) [<一个href="#B29">29日</一个>,<一个href="#B30">30.</一个>]。gl是一个拟合过程,考虑固有的不确定性的<svg height="11.05" id="M69" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:13.425px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 13.425 11.05" width="13.425" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.05)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.16)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.7,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>设在和<svg height="14.7125" id="M70" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:40.637501px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 40.637501 14.7125" width="40.637501" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.23)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.7,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-57.83,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> <</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 1</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>设在数据和执行合适的加权对这些不确定性。分母的术语(<一个href="#eq2">2</一个>),<svg height="11.05" id="M71" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:13.425px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 13.425 11.05" width="13.425" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.05)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.16)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.7,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,拟合曲线的梯度gl PCB质量分数的同类在每个校准解决方案,<svg height="11.05" id="M72" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:13.425px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 13.425 11.05" width="13.425" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.05)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.16)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.7,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>(<svg height="14.9" id="M73" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:99.087502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 99.087502 14.9" width="99.087502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.9)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.08)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.2515001" y="0"> 。</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.3772497" y="0"> 5</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.62875" y="0"> 0</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.34358" y="0"> <</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.383968" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-28.31,60.22)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-20.44,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> <</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 1</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> 。</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.405136" y="0"> 2</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>设在),对平均注入标准峰面积校正校准的PCB同类解决方案,<svg height="11.05" id="M74" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:13.425px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 13.425 11.05" width="13.425" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.05)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.16)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.7,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>(<svg height="14.7125" id="M75" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:40.637501px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 40.637501 14.7125" width="40.637501" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.23)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.7,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-57.83,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 1</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>设在)。<svg height="11.05" id="M76" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:13.425px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 13.425 11.05" width="13.425" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.05)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.16)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.7,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>及其不确定性决定由软件自动GUM-compliant的方式使用(<一个href="#B22">22</一个>)和不确定性包括贡献数据的不确定性<svg height="11.05" id="M77" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:13.425px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 13.425 11.05" width="13.425" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.05)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.16)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.7,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>设在和<svg height="14.7125" id="M78" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:49.299999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 49.299999 14.7125" width="49.299999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.23)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> 1</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.190665" y="0"> −</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.530886" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-41.16,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-36.77,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> )</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>设在,<svg height="7.1624999" id="M79" style="vertical-align:-0.11285pt;width:8.7250004px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.7250004 7.1624999" width="8.7250004" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.1625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-66.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<svg height="9.8625002" id="M80" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:7.875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 7.875 9.8625002" width="7.875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,9.8625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-64.11)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,分别。请注意,(<一个href="#eq2">2</一个>)假设校准曲线的截距是0是一个有效的假设,可以测试通过分析溶剂空白样品的PCB同系物interest-their水平通常低于检测的仪器。gl适合可以限制给零拦截包括一个点(0,0)与不确定性两轴相比非常小的其它数据校准曲线。一个典型的价值<svg height="25.9625" id="M81" style="vertical-align:-3.25792pt;width:30.424999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 30.424999 25.9625" width="30.424999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,25.9625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-51.23)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-69.24,65.59)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> •</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,53.67)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.76,51.4)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> P</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8748641" y="0"> C</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.712448" y="0"> B</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和它的不确定性是获得<svg height="12.4625" id="M82" style="vertical-align:-4.37273pt;width:47.349998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 47.349998 12.4625" width="47.349998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.4625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.03)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> P</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8748641" y="0"> C</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.712448" y="0"> B</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-48.52,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-44.88,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> c</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.8858881" y="0"> 一个</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="7.7717762" y="0"> l</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>g⋅ng<sup>−1</sup>。</p> <p>其余的术语(<一个href="#eq2">2</一个>)类似于<svg height="7.1624999" id="M83" style="vertical-align:-0.11285pt;width:8.7250004px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.7250004 7.1624999" width="8.7250004" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.1625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-66.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>在(<一个href="#eq3">3</一个>),但是在这个例子中<svg height="21.1625" id="M84" style="vertical-align:-4.37273pt;width:49.950001px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 49.950001 21.1625" width="49.950001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,21.1625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-55.07)"> <g> <path d="m -71.95,70.71 8.96,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,59.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.99,56.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> P</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8748641" y="0"> C</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.712448" y="0"> B</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-46.44,56.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-42.79,56.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> c</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.8858881" y="0"> 一个</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="7.7717762" y="0"> l</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>与修正后的强度PCB同类的提取。<svg height="9.8625002" id="M85" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:7.875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 7.875 9.8625002" width="7.875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,9.8625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-64.11)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>可以通过计算标准偏差估计的比率<svg height="25.9625" id="M86" style="vertical-align:-3.25792pt;width:30.424999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 30.424999 25.9625" width="30.424999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,25.9625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-51.23)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-69.24,65.59)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> •</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,53.67)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.76,51.4)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> P</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8748641" y="0"> C</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.712448" y="0"> B</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>从每个重复注射。由于样品的复杂性和大量的潜在干扰物种在样例(甚至后清理),分离的物种通过GC保留时间和/或目标离子(s)是更加困难比女士的校准标准。的典型值<svg height="7.1624999" id="M87" style="vertical-align:-0.11285pt;width:8.7250004px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.7250004 7.1624999" width="8.7250004" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.1625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-66.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>大约5%和20%之间相对的数量取决于PCB出现在示例:在本例中,值吗<svg height="9.8625002" id="M88" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:7.875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 7.875 9.8625002" width="7.875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,9.8625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-64.11)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>使用10%的相对。</p> <p>最后,(<一个href="#eq1">1</一个>)的质量分数计算PCB SRM和包含的条款<svg height="16.137501" id="M89" style="vertical-align:-4.37273pt;width:65.162498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 65.162498 16.137501" width="65.162498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.1375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-59.09)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.9264221" y="0"> (</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.089921" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-54.98,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> P</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8748641" y="0"> C</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.712448" y="0"> B</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-38.43,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-34.79,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> c</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.8858881" y="0"> 一个</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="7.7717762" y="0"> l</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-24.08,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> )</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,<svg height="21.1625" id="M90" style="vertical-align:-4.37273pt;width:67.775002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 67.775002 21.1625" width="67.775002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,21.1625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-55.07)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,59.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.9264221" y="0"> (</tspan> </text> <g> <path d="m -61.86,70.71 8.96,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-61.86,59.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-52.9,56.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> P</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8748641" y="0"> C</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.712448" y="0"> B</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-36.35,56.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-32.7,56.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> c</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.8858881" y="0"> 一个</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="7.7717762" y="0"> l</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-21.99,59.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> )</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,<svg height="25.9625" id="M91" style="vertical-align:-3.25792pt;width:30.424999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 30.424999 25.9625" width="30.424999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,25.9625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-51.23)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-69.24,65.59)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> •</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,53.67)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.76,51.4)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> P</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8748641" y="0"> C</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.712448" y="0"> B</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>描述(<一个href="#eq4">4</一个>),(<一个href="#eq3">3</一个>)和(<一个href="#eq2">2</一个>),分别。剩下的两个术语的价值观和不确定性,并用gc - ms定性提取物的质量<svg height="16.75" id="M92" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:175.21249px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 175.21249 16.75" width="175.21249" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.75)"> <g transform="translate(72,-58.6)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,60.86)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> 2</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> 。</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.540749" y="0"> 5</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.79225" y="0"> 8</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.819414" y="0"> ×</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.597" y="0"> 1</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.848499" y="0"> 0</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-19.84,66.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> −</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.99512" y="0"> 3</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-6.2,60.86)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ±</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> 0</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.591721" y="0"> 。</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.71747" y="0"> 0</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.968971" y="0"> 8</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.996136" y="0"> ×</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="46.773724" y="0"> 1</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="53.025223" y="0"> 0</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,53.09,66.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> −</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.99512" y="0"> 3</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,63.96,60.86)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> )</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,使用SRM的质量<svg height="21.1625" id="M93" style="vertical-align:-4.37273pt;width:40.825001px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 40.825001 21.1625" width="40.825001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,21.1625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-55.07)"> <g> <path d="m -71.95,70.71 8.96,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,59.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.99,56.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 我</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.4330561" y="0"> n</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> t</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-53.74,56.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-50.1,56.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> c</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.8858881" y="0"> 一个</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="7.7717762" y="0"> l</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>可以直接取决于重力测量。从这个工作典型值<svg height="21.1625" id="M94" style="vertical-align:-4.37273pt;width:50.337502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 50.337502 21.1625" width="50.337502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,21.1625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-55.07)"> <g> <path d="m -71.95,70.71 8.96,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,59.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.99,56.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> P</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8748641" y="0"> C</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.712448" y="0"> B</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-46.44,56.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-42.79,56.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> e</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.7108481" y="0"> x</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.0868483" y="0"> t</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>mg和<svg height="21.1625" id="M95" style="vertical-align:-4.37273pt;width:68.150002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 68.150002 21.1625" width="68.150002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,21.1625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-55.07)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,59.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.9264221" y="0"> (</tspan> </text> <g> <path d="m -61.86,70.71 8.96,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-61.86,59.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-52.9,56.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> P</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8748641" y="0"> C</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.712448" y="0"> B</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-36.35,56.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-32.7,56.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> e</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.7108481" y="0"> x</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.0868483" y="0"> t</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-21.69,59.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> )</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>毫克。</p> <p>表<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jamc/2008/179498/tab3/" target="_blank">3</一个>(一)<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jamc/2008/179498/tab3/" target="_blank">3</一个>(d)显示完整的不确定性的分析确定预算(<一个href="#eq1">1</一个>)(<一个href="#eq4">4</一个>使用上面讨论的价值观和不确定性)。每个表代表了一个方程,包含下面的列(从左到右):<span class="list"><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label">(我)</span><span class="list-content">中包含的数量方程;</span></span><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label">(2)</span><span class="list-content">符号用来代表数量;</span></span><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label">(3)</span><span class="list-content">数量的估计价值;</span></span><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label">(iv)</span><span class="list-content">灵敏度系数(偏导数输出的数量关于数量问题);</span></span><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label">(v)</span><span class="list-content">估计量的不确定性;</span></span><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label">(vi)</span><span class="list-content">不确定性的概率分布的形状;</span></span><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label">(七)</span><span class="list-content">该分布的因子赋予这种不确定性;</span></span><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label">(八)</span><span class="list-content">标准不确定度的贡献。</span></span></span></p> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="tab3"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-tab3"> <table class="table-group" id="tab3"> <tbody> <tr class="table-caption" id="a"> <td><b>(一)</b>表计算的不确定性的PCB质量分数SRM使用(<一个href="#eq1">1</一个>)和重量(质量分数域)的方法。</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <table class="table"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="8"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr class="thead"> <td align="left">数量</td> <td align="center">象征</td> <td align="center">价值</td> <td align="center">灵敏度系数</td> <td align="center">不确定性</td> <td align="center">概率分布</td> <td align="center">除数</td> <td align="center">贡献标准uncert</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="8"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">质量分数的PCB提取(ng⋅g<sup>−1</sup>)</td> <td align="center"><span style="width: 111.6875px;"> <svg height="16.987499" id="M96" style="vertical-align:-5.04861pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 111.6875 16.987499" width="111.6875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.9875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-58.41)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.99,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> P</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8748641" y="0"> C</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.712448" y="0"> B</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-46.44,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-42.79,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> e</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.7108481" y="0"> x</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.0868483" y="0"> t</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-32.28,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.6495841" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-25.41,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> /</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="3.4758339" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-12.97,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 我</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.4330561" y="0"> n</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> j</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-3.73,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-0.08,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> e</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.7108481" y="0"> x</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.0868483" y="0"> t</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,10.43,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.6408319" y="0"> </tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></td> <td align="center">8.244</td> <td align="center">2.97</td> <td align="center">0.857</td> <td align="center">正常的</td> <td align="center">1</td> <td align="center">2.545</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">提取的总质量(g)</td> <td align="center"><span style="width: 68.150002px;"> <svg height="21.1625" id="M97" style="vertical-align:-4.37273pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 68.150002 21.1625" width="68.150002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,21.1625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-55.07)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,59.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.9264221" y="0"> (</tspan> </text> <g> <path d="m -61.86,70.71 8.96,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-61.86,59.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-52.9,56.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> P</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8748641" y="0"> C</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.712448" y="0"> B</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-36.35,56.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-32.7,56.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> e</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.7108481" y="0"> x</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.0868483" y="0"> t</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-21.69,59.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> )</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></td> <td align="center">1.0322</td> <td align="center">23.7</td> <td align="center">0.0005</td> <td align="center">正常的</td> <td align="center">1</td> <td align="center">0.010</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">偏差纠正(无单位)</td> <td align="center"><span style="width: 68.150002px;"> <svg height="21.1625" id="M98" style="vertical-align:-4.37273pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 68.150002 21.1625" width="68.150002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,21.1625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-55.07)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,59.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.9264221" y="0"> (</tspan> </text> <g> <path d="m -61.86,70.71 8.96,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-61.86,59.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-52.9,56.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> P</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8748641" y="0"> C</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.712448" y="0"> B</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-36.35,56.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-32.7,56.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> e</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.7108481" y="0"> x</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.0868483" y="0"> t</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-21.69,59.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> )</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></td> <td align="center">0.775</td> <td align="center">31.6</td> <td align="center">0</td> <td align="center">正常的</td> <td align="center">1</td> <td align="center">0.000</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">萃取效率(无单位)</td> <td align="center"><span style="width: 7.9875002px;"> <svg height="10.7375" id="M99" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 7.9875002 10.7375" width="7.9875002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.7375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.41)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></td> <td align="center">0.679</td> <td align="center">−36.1</td> <td align="center">0.029</td> <td align="center">正常的</td> <td align="center">1</td> <td align="center">−1.030</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">SRM提取的质量(g)</td> <td align="center"><span style="width: 13.425px;"> <svg height="11.05" id="M100" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 13.425 11.05" width="13.425" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.05)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.16)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.7,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></td> <td align="center">0.397</td> <td align="center">−61.6</td> <td align="center">0.001</td> <td align="center">正常的</td> <td align="center">1</td> <td align="center">−0.031</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"><b>质量分数的PCB SRM (ng⋅g<sup>−1</sup>)</b></td> <td align="center"><b> <svg height="12.4625" id="M101" style="vertical-align:-4.37273pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 47.724998 12.4625" width="47.724998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.4625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.03)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> P</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8748641" y="0"> C</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.712448" y="0"> B</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-48.52,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-44.88,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> e</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.7108481" y="0"> x</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.0868483" y="0"> t</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></b></td> <td align="center"><b>24.475</b></td> <td align="center"><b>- - - - - -</b></td> <td align="center"><b>- - - - - -</b></td> <td align="center"><b>正常的</b></td> <td align="center"><b>1</b></td> <td align="center"><b>2.746</b></td> </tr> <tr class="table-tr"> <td colspan="8"> <hr class="tbody-hr"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> <tr class="table-caption" id="b"> <td><b>(b)</b>表计算的不确定性测量质量分数的PCB提取使用(<一个href="#eq2">2</一个>)和重量(质量分数域)的方法。</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <table class="table"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="8"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr class="thead"> <td align="left">数量</td> <td align="center">象征</td> <td align="center">价值</td> <td align="center">灵敏度系数</td> <td align="center">不确定性</td> <td align="center">概率分布</td> <td align="center">除数</td> <td align="center">贡献标准uncert</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="8"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">平均注入标准校正峰面积提取的PCB(无单位)</td> <td align="center"><span style="width: 35.387501px;"> <svg height="14.7125" id="M102" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 35.387501 14.7125" width="35.387501" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.23)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-58.91,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> e</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.7108481" y="0"> x</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.0868483" y="0"> t</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-47.9,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> )</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></td> <td align="center">0.0213</td> <td align="center">387年</td> <td align="center">0.0021</td> <td align="center">正常的</td> <td align="center">1</td> <td align="center">0.824</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">梯度校正曲线的PCB (g⋅ng<sup>−1</sup>)</td> <td align="center"><span style="width: 45.362499px;"> <svg height="14.75" id="M103" style="vertical-align:-3.25792pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 45.362499 14.75" width="45.362499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.75)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.2)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-58.91,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 年代</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8661122" y="0"> R</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.703696" y="0"> 米</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-39.93,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> )</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></td> <td align="center">0.00258</td> <td align="center">−3191</td> <td align="center">0.00007</td> <td align="center">正常的</td> <td align="center">1</td> <td align="center">−0.236</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"><b>测量质量分数的PCB提取(ng⋅g<sup>−1</sup>)</b></td> <td align="center"><b> <svg height="14.7125" id="M104" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 111.5 14.7125" width="111.5" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.23)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.07,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> e</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.702096" y="0"> x</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.0780964" y="0"> t</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-48.59,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> (</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.191385" y="0"> 1</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.442884" y="0"> 0</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.694386" y="0"> 3</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.945885" y="0"> 2</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="43.973049" y="0"> ±</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="55.325775" y="0"> 1</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="61.577274" y="0"> )</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></b></td> <td align="center"><b>8.244</b></td> <td align="center"><b>- - - - - -</b></td> <td align="center"><b>- - - - - -</b></td> <td align="center"><b>正常的</b></td> <td align="center"><b>1</b></td> <td align="center"><b>0.857</b></td> </tr> <tr class="table-tr"> <td colspan="8"> <hr class="tbody-hr"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> <tr class="table-caption" id="c"> <td><b>(c)</b>表计算的不确定性在萃取效率使用(<一个href="#eq3">3</一个>)和重量(质量分数域)的方法。</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <table class="table"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="8"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr class="thead"> <td align="left">数量</td> <td align="center">象征</td> <td align="center">价值</td> <td align="center">灵敏度系数</td> <td align="center">不确定性</td> <td align="center">概率分布</td> <td align="center">除数</td> <td align="center">贡献标准uncert</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="8"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">注入standard-corrected,平均峰面积的内部标准提取物(无单位)</td> <td align="center"><span style="width: 137.10001px;"> <svg height="14.9375" id="M105" style="vertical-align:-3.25792pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 137.10001 14.9375" width="137.10001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.9375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.05)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.07,60.22)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 年代</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8661122" y="0"> R</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.703696" y="0"> 米</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-40.62,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> (</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.203888" y="0"> 3</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.455387" y="0"> 9</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.706888" y="0"> 7</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.958389" y="0"> 。</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.084137" y="0"> 1</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="47.111305" y="0"> ±</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="58.451527" y="0"> 0</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="64.703026" y="0"> 。</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="67.828773" y="0"> 5</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="74.080276" y="0"> )</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></td> <td align="center">0.298</td> <td align="center">2.28</td> <td align="center">0.007</td> <td align="center">正常的</td> <td align="center">1</td> <td align="center">0.017</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">质量分数的内部标准校准解决方案(ng⋅g<sup>−1</sup>)</td> <td align="center"><span style="width: 47.724998px;"> <svg height="12.4625" id="M106" style="vertical-align:-4.37273pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 47.724998 12.4625" width="47.724998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.4625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.03)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> P</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8748641" y="0"> C</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.712448" y="0"> B</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-48.52,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-44.88,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> e</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.7108481" y="0"> x</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.0868483" y="0"> t</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></td> <td align="center">58.90</td> <td align="center">0.012</td> <td align="center">0.45</td> <td align="center">正常的</td> <td align="center">1</td> <td align="center">0.005</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">偏差纠正(无单位)</td> <td align="center"><span style="width: 24.987499px;"> <svg height="11.0375" id="M107" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 24.987499 11.0375" width="24.987499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.17)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.07,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> e</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.702096" y="0"> x</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.0780964" y="0"> t</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></td> <td align="center">0.775</td> <td align="center">0.876</td> <td align="center">0</td> <td align="center">正常的</td> <td align="center">1</td> <td align="center">0.000</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">注入standard-corrected,平均峰面积的内部标准校准解决方案(无单位)</td> <td align="center"><span style="width: 7.9875002px;"> <svg height="10.7375" id="M108" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 7.9875002 10.7375" width="7.9875002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.7375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.41)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></td> <td align="center">0.489</td> <td align="center">−1.79</td> <td align="center">0.012</td> <td align="center">正常的</td> <td align="center">1</td> <td align="center">−0.022</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">理论的内部标准提取物的质量分数(假设完全恢复)(ng⋅g<sup>−1</sup>)</td> <td align="center"><span style="width: 13.425px;"> <svg height="11.05" id="M109" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 13.425 11.05" width="13.425" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.05)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.16)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.7,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></td> <td align="center">41.03</td> <td align="center">−0.021</td> <td align="center">0.27</td> <td align="center">正常的</td> <td align="center">1</td> <td align="center">−0.006</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"><b>萃取效率(无单位)</b></td> <td align="center"><b> <svg height="11.075" id="M110" style="vertical-align:-3.25792pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 34.950001 11.075" width="34.950001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.075)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.14)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.07,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 年代</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8661122" y="0"> R</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.703696" y="0"> 米</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></b></td> <td align="center"><b>0.679</b></td> <td align="center"><b>- - - - - -</b></td> <td align="center"><b>- - - - - -</b></td> <td align="center"><b>正常的</b></td> <td align="center"><b>1</b></td> <td align="center"><b>0.029</b></td> </tr> <tr class="table-tr"> <td colspan="8"> <hr class="tbody-hr"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> <tr class="table-caption" id="d"> <td><b>(d)</b>表计算偏差纠正的不确定性之间的密度差异的分析提取和校准解决方案使用(<一个href="#eq4">4</一个>)和重量(质量分数域)的方法。</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <table class="table"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="8"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr class="thead"> <td align="left">数量</td> <td align="center">象征</td> <td align="center">价值</td> <td align="center">灵敏度系数</td> <td align="center">不确定性</td> <td align="center">概率分布</td> <td align="center">除数</td> <td align="center">贡献标准uncert</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="8"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">密度校准解决方案(g⋅毫升<sup>−1</sup>)</td> <td align="center"><span style="width: 56.912498px;"> <svg height="12.775" id="M111" style="vertical-align:-4.37273pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 56.912498 12.775" width="56.912498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.775)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.78)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.19)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.7,63.06)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> P</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8748641" y="0"> C</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.712448" y="0"> B</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-49.15,63.06)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-45.5,63.06)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 年代</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8661122" y="0"> R</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.703696" y="0"> 米</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></td> <td align="center">0.659</td> <td align="center">1.18</td> <td align="center">0.001</td> <td align="center">正常的</td> <td align="center">1</td> <td align="center">0.002</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">提取密度(g⋅毫升<sup>−1</sup>)</td> <td align="center"><span style="width: 50.337502px;"> <svg height="21.1625" id="M112" style="vertical-align:-4.37273pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 50.337502 21.1625" width="50.337502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,21.1625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-55.07)"> <g> <path d="m -71.95,70.71 8.96,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,59.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.99,56.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> P</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8748641" y="0"> C</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.712448" y="0"> B</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-46.44,56.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-42.79,56.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> e</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.7108481" y="0"> x</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.0868483" y="0"> t</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></td> <td align="center">0.850</td> <td align="center">−0.912</td> <td align="center">0.070</td> <td align="center">矩形</td> <td align="center">√3</td> <td align="center">−0.064</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"><b>偏差纠正(无单位)</b></td> <td align="center"><b> <svg height="25.9625" id="M113" style="vertical-align:-3.25792pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 30.424999 25.9625" width="30.424999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,25.9625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-51.23)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-69.24,65.59)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> •</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,53.67)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.76,51.4)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> P</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8748641" y="0"> C</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.712448" y="0"> B</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></b></td> <td align="center"><b>0.775</b></td> <td align="center"><b>- - - - - -</b></td> <td align="center"><b>- - - - - -</b></td> <td align="center"><b>- - - - - -</b></td> <td align="center"><b>- - - - - -</b></td> <td align="center"><b>0<sup>*</sup></b></td> </tr> <tr class="table-tr"> <td colspan="8"> <hr class="tbody-hr"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> <tr class="table-fn"> <td><sup>*</sup>作为讨论的主要文本,标准的不确定性<svg height="12.775" id="M114" style="vertical-align:-4.37273pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 46.950001 12.775" width="46.950001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.775)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.78)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.19)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.7,63.06)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> P</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8748641" y="0"> C</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.712448" y="0"> B</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-49.15,63.06)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-45.5,63.06)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> e</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.702096" y="0"> x</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.0780964" y="0"> t</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>已经分配给是零。<br></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">表3</span> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jamc/2008/179498/tab3/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"></div> </div> </div> <p>注意,一些值表中包含大量的重大figures-these用于避免引入舍入误差计算。适合整体相对更少的有效数字(不确定性)时使用的报告最后的结果,即便如此,口香糖大型相对不确定性的非线性(<一个href="#B31">31日</一个>)如在这里意味着最后的显著图应该小心使用。</p> <p>计算输出量为每个表第三列的底部。计算这个值的不确定性,结合正交的个人贡献,在每个表的右下角单元格。这里所示的示例中,测量在SRM PCB分析物的质量分数,<svg height="21.1625" id="M115" style="vertical-align:-4.37273pt;width:41.200001px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 41.200001 21.1625" width="41.200001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,21.1625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-55.07)"> <g> <path d="m -71.95,70.71 8.96,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,59.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.99,56.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 我</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.4330561" y="0"> n</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> t</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-53.74,56.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-50.1,56.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> e</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.7108481" y="0"> x</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.0868483" y="0"> t</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>因此,从表计算<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jamc/2008/179498/tab3/" target="_blank">3</一个>(一)24.5 ng⋅g<sup>−1</sup>标准不确定度为2.7 ng⋅g<sup>−1</sup>。</p> <p>的相对贡献的整体不确定性的量(<一个href="#eq1">1</一个>)从表<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jamc/2008/179498/tab3/" target="_blank">3</一个>(一)如图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jamc/2008/179498/fig3/" target="_blank">3</一个>。这表明迄今为止最大的贡献者<svg height="12.4625" id="M116" style="vertical-align:-4.37273pt;width:38.212502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 38.212502 12.4625" width="38.212502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.4625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.03)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 我</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.4330561" y="0"> n</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> t</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-55.83,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-52.18,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> c</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.8858881" y="0"> 一个</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="7.7717762" y="0"> l</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>(如计算(<一个href="#eq2">2</一个>),然后<svg height="10.7375" id="M117" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt;width:7.9875002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 7.9875002 10.7375" width="7.9875002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.7375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.41)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>(如计算(<一个href="#eq3">3</一个>))。两个重量的贡献量,<svg height="21.1625" id="M118" style="vertical-align:-4.37273pt;width:40.825001px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 40.825001 21.1625" width="40.825001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,21.1625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-55.07)"> <g> <path d="m -71.95,70.71 8.96,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,59.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.99,56.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 我</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.4330561" y="0"> n</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> t</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-53.74,56.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-50.1,56.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> c</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.8858881" y="0"> 一个</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="7.7717762" y="0"> l</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<svg height="19.450001" id="M119" style="vertical-align:-5.52745pt;width:38.599998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 38.599998 19.450001" width="38.599998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,19.45)"> <g transform="translate(72,-56.44)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,62)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,67.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,57.73)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 我</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.4330561" y="0"> n</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> t</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-55.83,57.73)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-52.18,57.73)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> e</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.702096" y="0"> x</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.0780964" y="0"> t</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>相对很小,正如上面所讨论的,不确定性<svg height="11.4" id="M120" style="vertical-align:-3.25793pt;width:13.6875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 13.6875 11.4" width="13.6875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.4)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.88)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.17)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.49,63.05)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>已经分配给是零。</p> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig3"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig3"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="179498.fig.003" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/jamc/volume-2008/179498/figures/179498.fig.003.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图3</span> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jamc/2008/179498/fig3/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <a href="#eq1">1</一个> <svg height="11.0375" id="M121" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 21.35 11.0375" width="21.35" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.17)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.67,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> c</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.8858881" y="0"> 一个</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="7.7717762" y="0"> l</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg> <table> 图显示每个五的贡献量()的不确定性重量的方法(质量分数域)。</t一个ble> </div> </div> </div> <p>最后,扩展不确定度<svg height="11.0375" id="M122" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt;width:21.737499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 21.737499 11.0375" width="21.737499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.17)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.67,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> e</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.702096" y="0"> x</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.0780964" y="0"> t</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>可以计算的标准不确定度乘以一个覆盖率:<span class="equation" id="eq5"> <svg height="10.95" id="M123" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0.10033pt;width:8.5375004px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.5375004 10.95" width="8.5375004" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.95)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.39)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span>在哪里<svg height="10.7375" id="M124" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt;width:7.9875002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 7.9875002 10.7375" width="7.9875002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.7375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.41)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>覆盖率和吗<svg height="12.4625" id="M125" style="vertical-align:-4.37273pt;width:57.700001px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 57.700001 12.4625" width="57.700001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.4625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.03)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> P</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8748641" y="0"> C</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.712448" y="0"> B</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-48.52,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-44.88,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 年代</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8661122" y="0"> R</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.703696" y="0"> 米</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>是标准的不确定性<svg height="12.4625" id="M126" style="vertical-align:-4.37273pt;width:47.724998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 47.724998 12.4625" width="47.724998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.4625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.03)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> P</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8748641" y="0"> C</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.712448" y="0"> B</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-48.52,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-44.88,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> e</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.7108481" y="0"> x</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.0868483" y="0"> t</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。对于这个应用程序,它假定的有效自由度测量能够分配一个值<svg height="11.05" id="M127" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:13.425px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 13.425 11.05" width="13.425" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.05)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.16)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.7,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>为了计算的扩展不确定度约95%的信心水平。</p> <p>从表<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jamc/2008/179498/tab3/" target="_blank">3</一个>(一个),可以确定,这个范例分析整体的扩展不确定度为22.4%相对的。虽然这最初看起来大一些分析化学测量相比,它可能会超过适用这些挑战分析在低水平和数量级通常预期的测量环境的组成材料。作为对比,相似的目标不确定性跟踪分析物在环境空气明显大于。例如,对于苯并(a)芘等多环芳烃在环境空气,立法要求的扩展不确定度为50%,颗粒相为70%,总沉积在目标1 ng⋅m的质量浓度<sup>−3</sup>(<一个href="#B32">32</一个>]。</p> <h5 id="subsec3.2">3.2。体积的解决方案(体积分数域)</h5> <p>测量的不确定性的影响如果解决方案中使用的过程现在准备体积而不是重量分析地考虑。容积生产解决方案使用的大多数分析实验室通常导致更高的不确定性比重量分析法的优点更快速的过程,从而节约时间和成本。多氯联苯的分析和类似的物种,这个问题可能在体积的青睐准备工作是提取溶液的密度,这是仅仅需要重量的方法,难以准确确定。</p> <p>体积的测量方程制备方法非常类似于对于重量的情况,但没有必要占体积校正注入气,偏差修正项<svg height="11.0375" id="M128" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt;width:24.987499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 24.987499 11.0375" width="24.987499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.17)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.07,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> e</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.702096" y="0"> x</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.0780964" y="0"> t</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>不是必需的。测量方程是下面的:<span class="equation" id="eq6"> <svg height="11.075" id="M129" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-3.25792pt;width:34.950001px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 34.950001 11.075" width="34.950001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.075)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.14)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.07,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 年代</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8661122" y="0"> R</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.703696" y="0"> 米</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span><span class="equation" id="eq7"> <svg height="10.7375" id="M130" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt;width:7.9875002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 7.9875002 10.7375" width="7.9875002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.7375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.41)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span><span class="equation" id="eq8"> <svg height="12.4625" id="M131" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-4.37273pt;width:57.700001px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 57.700001 12.4625" width="57.700001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.4625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.03)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> P</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8748641" y="0"> C</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.712448" y="0"> B</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-48.52,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-44.88,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 年代</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8661122" y="0"> R</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.703696" y="0"> 米</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span>在上面的方程中,<svg height="16.137501" id="M132" style="vertical-align:-4.37273pt;width:79.125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 79.125 16.137501" width="79.125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.1375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-59.09)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.8146152" y="0"> (</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.978114" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-52.1,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> P</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8748641" y="0"> C</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.712448" y="0"> B</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-35.54,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-31.9,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 年代</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8661122" y="0"> R</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.703696" y="0"> 米</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-12.92,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> )</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>代表质量浓度和这些符号替换相应的符号<svg height="28.9625" id="M133" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 28.9625" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,28.9625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-48.83)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,122.02,57.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.19" y="4.9200001"> </tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.559999" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,146.45,54.16)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> P</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8748641" y="0"> C</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.712448" y="0"> B</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,163,54.16)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,166.65,54.16)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 年代</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8661122" y="0"> R</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.703696" y="0"> 米</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,185.63,52.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="44.950001" y="0"> </tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="52.32" y="-4.9200001"> </tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.08" y="-4.9200001"> =</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.107885" y="-4.9200001"> </tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.660179" y="-4.9200001"> ⋅</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.024204" y="-4.9200001"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,244.82,54.16)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> P</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8748641" y="0"> C</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.712448" y="0"> B</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,261.37,54.16)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,265.02,54.16)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 年代</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8661122" y="0"> R</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.703696" y="0"> 米</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,284,52.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.5999999" y="-4.9200001"> ,</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="190.12" y="-4.9200001"> (</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="194.28349" y="-4.9200001"> 5</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="200.535" y="-4.9200001"> )</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>(质量分数)(<一个href="#eq1">1</一个>),(<一个href="#eq2">2</一个>)和(<一个href="#eq3">3</一个>),例如,<svg height="10.7375" id="M134" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt;width:8.6000004px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.6000004 10.7375" width="8.6000004" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.7375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.41)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>是PCB的测量质量浓度分析物提取。唯一的“新”术语在上面的表达式是提取的总量<svg height="16.137501" id="M135" style="vertical-align:-4.37273pt;width:75.512497px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 75.512497 16.137501" width="75.512497" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.1375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-59.09)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.9264221" y="0"> (</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.089921" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-54.98,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> P</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8748641" y="0"> C</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.712448" y="0"> B</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-38.43,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-34.79,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 年代</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8661122" y="0"> R</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.703696" y="0"> 米</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-15.8,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> )</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。请注意,(<一个href="#eq7">7</一个>)和(<一个href="#eq8">8</一个>)直接输入到(<一个href="#eq6">6</一个>),重要的是,上述表达式不需要任何解决方案的密度的测定,因为注入气也以体积的方式进行。</p> <p>和之前一样,现在每个方程是研究反过来,但这一次的讨论仅限于参数不同重量的方法。注意,这个假定相似的解决方案中使用的那些平常的体积重量情况下已经准备的实验室方法。计算的不确定性在这里使用的质量浓度的解决方案进行了假设一个体积的标准不确定度除了如上所述在吸管(例如,0.05毫升10毫升吸管25毫升吸管和0.1毫升)或等于一半的毕业一个注射器(例如,2.5<span class="inline" id=""></span>L 250<span class="inline" id=""></span>L注射器与5<span class="inline" id=""></span>L毕业典礼)。</p> <p>在(<一个href="#eq8">8</一个>),<svg height="12.4625" id="M136" style="vertical-align:-4.37273pt;width:57.700001px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 57.700001 12.4625" width="57.700001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.4625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.03)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> P</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8748641" y="0"> C</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.712448" y="0"> B</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-48.52,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-44.88,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 年代</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8661122" y="0"> R</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.703696" y="0"> 米</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>是内部的理论质量浓度标准提取,这是计算(<svg height="10.8625" id="M137" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt;width:35.799999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 35.799999 10.8625" width="35.799999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.8625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.31)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.239957" y="0"> =</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.280346" y="0"> 2</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)ng⋅毫升<sup>−1</sup>这里给出的例子。这个值决定从飙升的质量浓度的解决方案((<svg height="10.7375" id="M138" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt;width:7.9875002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 7.9875002 10.7375" width="7.9875002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.7375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.41)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)ng⋅毫升<sup>−1</sup>)、卷飙升((<svg height="35.25" id="M139" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 35.25" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,35.25)"> <g transform="translate(72,-43.8)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,143.4,55.85)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,150.28,52.72)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> P</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8748641" y="0"> C</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.712448" y="0"> B</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,166.83,52.72)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,170.48,52.72)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 年代</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8661122" y="0"> R</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.703696" y="0"> 米</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,192.93,55.85)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.23" y="-10.37"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,211.35,63.1)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> P</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8748641" y="0"> C</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.712448" y="0"> B</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,227.9,63.1)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,231.55,63.1)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> e</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.7108481" y="0"> x</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.0868483" y="0"> t</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,245.34,66.22)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ⋅</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3515239" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,258.02,63.1)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> e</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.702096" y="0"> x</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.0780964" y="0"> t</tspan> </text> <g> <path d="m 206.16,58.98 62.87,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,213.78,47.1)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,220.03,43.97)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,227.2,47.1)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ⋅</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3515239" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,242.43,43.97)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 年代</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8661122" y="0"> R</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.703696" y="0"> 米</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,270.22,55.85)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="203.89999" y="0"> (</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="208.06349" y="0"> 6</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="214.315" y="0"> )</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)<span class="inline" id=""></span>L),测量体积的提取((<svg height="52.825001" id="M140" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 52.825001" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,52.825)"> <g transform="translate(72,-29.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,166.66,50.22)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,171.85,47.1)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> P</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8748641" y="0"> C</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.712448" y="0"> B</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,188.4,47.1)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,192.04,47.1)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> e</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.7108481" y="0"> x</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.0868483" y="0"> t</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,206.53,50.22)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</tspan> </text> <g> <path d="m 219.76,70.71 8.96,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,219.76,59.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,228.72,56.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> P</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8748641" y="0"> C</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.712448" y="0"> B</tspan> </text> <g> <path d="m 219.76,53.35 26.01,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,223.36,44.1)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> •</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,220.65,32.18)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,227.84,29.91)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> P</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8748641" y="0"> C</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.712448" y="0"> B</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,246.97,50.22)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="227.14999" y="0"> (</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="231.31349" y="0"> 7</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="237.565" y="0"> )</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>毫升)假设实验室的温度(20±2)<sup>°</sup>C)。内部标准的质量浓度,<svg height="51.474998" id="M141" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 51.474998" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,51.475)"> <g transform="translate(72,-30.82)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,157.15,49.11)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,163.4,45.98)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,171.27,49.11)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</tspan> </text> <g> <path d="m 184.5,70.71 8.97,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,184.5,59.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,193.47,56.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 我</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.4330561" y="0"> n</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> t</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,202.71,56.36)"> 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<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,206.36,33.76)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> c</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.8858881" y="0"> 一个</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="7.7717762" y="0"> l</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,219.84,36.88)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ⋅</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3515239" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,232.01,41.38)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,231.38,32.11)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 我</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.4330561" y="0"> n</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> t</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,240.62,32.11)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,244.27,32.11)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> e</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.702096" y="0"> x</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.0780964" y="0"> t</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,256.47,49.11)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 。</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="217.64999" y="0"> (</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="221.81349" y="0"> 8</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="228.065" y="0"> )</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>在校准的解决方案之一是计算(<svg height="7.1875" id="M142" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt;width:7.3874998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 7.3874998 7.1875" width="7.3874998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.1875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-66.25)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)ng⋅毫升<sup>−1</sup>,剩下的两项的表达式,<svg height="7.1624999" id="M143" style="vertical-align:-0.11285pt;width:8.7250004px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.7250004 7.1624999" width="8.7250004" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.1625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-66.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<svg height="12.4625" id="M144" style="vertical-align:-4.37273pt;width:45.625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 45.625 12.4625" width="45.625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.4625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.03)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-66.76,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> P</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8748641" y="0"> C</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.712448" y="0"> B</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-50.21,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-46.56,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> e</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.702096" y="0"> x</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.0780964" y="0"> t</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>认为是相同的重量的方法。这是一个近似由于小不同的制备方法,质量浓度的解决方案使用的方法并不完全等同于重量的方法(如果后者计算的转换质量分数)。然而,这种近似是有效的对于这个例子考虑整个方法的相对较大的不确定性。</p> <p>注意的价值<svg height="11.3" id="M145" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt;width:21.799999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 21.799999 11.3" width="21.799999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.3)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.96)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.22)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.62,63.1)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> e</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.702096" y="0"> x</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.0780964" y="0"> t</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>这种方法略有不同,而不是计算重量的方法(虽然这两个值实际上同意在其扩展不确定)。这是由于两个因素:假设关于使用相同的值<svg height="9.6750002" id="M146" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:9.6374998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.6374998 9.6750002" width="9.6374998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,9.675)"> <g transform="translate(72,-64.26)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<svg height="9.6750002" id="M147" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:9.6374998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.6374998 9.6750002" width="9.6374998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,9.675)"> <g transform="translate(72,-64.26)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>(如上所述),这一事实,由于复杂的制备路线校准标准涉及许多股票的解决方案在不同溶剂、质量分数比质量浓度相似,但不完全等于hexane-the溶剂的密度校准解决方案的准备。</p> <p>方程(<一个href="#eq7">7</一个>)计算PCB同类的质量浓度的提取,通过使用gl。如果类似的解决方案是在重量分析方法的价值<svg height="9.6750002" id="M148" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:9.6374998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.6374998 9.6750002" width="9.6374998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,9.675)"> <g transform="translate(72,-64.26)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>不会改变,但梯度<svg height="19.450001" id="M149" style="vertical-align:-5.52745pt;width:36.487499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 36.487499 19.450001" width="36.487499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,19.45)"> <g transform="translate(72,-56.44)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,62)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-66.14,67.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-66.76,57.73)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 我</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.4330561" y="0"> n</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> t</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-57.52,57.73)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-53.87,57.73)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> e</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.702096" y="0"> x</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.0780964" y="0"> t</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>将报告一个不同的值和不确定性,在这种情况下(3.78×10吗<sup>−3</sup>±0.12×10<sup>−3</sup>⋅ng)毫升<sup>−1</sup>。</p> <p>最后,(<一个href="#eq6">6</一个>)计算的PCB SRM的质量浓度。<svg height="12.2375" id="M150" style="vertical-align:-1.09097pt;width:80.287498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 80.287498 12.2375" width="80.287498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.2375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.21)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 3</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.2515001" y="0"> 3</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.503" y="0"> 。</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.62875" y="0"> 2</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.880251" y="0"> 1</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.907415" y="0"> ±</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.247639" y="0"> 0</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="48.499138" y="0"> 。</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="51.624886" y="0"> 5</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="57.876389" y="0"> 4</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>可以通过测量确定提取的体积在合适的注射器和在本例中是(<svg height="12.175" id="M151" style="vertical-align:-1.09097pt;width:80.287498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 80.287498 12.175" width="80.287498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.175)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.26)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.4)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 8</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.2515001" y="0"> 2</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.503" y="0"> 6</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.754499" y="0"> 。</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.880251" y="0"> 3</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.907415" y="0"> ±</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.247639" y="0"> 1</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="48.499138" y="0"> 2</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="54.750637" y="0"> 。</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="57.876389" y="0"> 7</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>毫升。所有其他参数方程直接来自以前的方程或保持不变的重量的例子。</p> <p>表<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jamc/2008/179498/tab4/" target="_blank">4</一个>(一)<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jamc/2008/179498/tab4/" target="_blank">4</一个>(c)显示完整的预算的不确定性分析容积制备方法。表的格式的表是一样的<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jamc/2008/179498/tab3/" target="_blank">3</一个>。这里所示的示例中,测量在SRM PCB分析物的质量分数,<svg height="12.2375" id="M152" style="vertical-align:-1.09097pt;width:72.474998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 72.474998 12.2375" width="72.474998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.2375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.21)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 5</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.2515001" y="0"> 0</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.503" y="0"> 。</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.62875" y="0"> 0</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.655916" y="0"> ±</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.996136" y="0"> 0</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.247639" y="0"> 。</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.373386" y="0"> 2</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="51.624886" y="0"> 5</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>计算是25.1 ng⋅g<sup>−1</sup>标准不确定度为2.9 ng⋅g<sup>−1</sup>。这个结果略有不同,从重力方法由于不同的提取效率上面所讨论的,但应该注意的是,这种差异不仅仅是覆盖的不确定性。扩展不确定度,<svg height="9.6750002" id="M153" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:9.6374998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.6374998 9.6750002" width="9.6374998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,9.675)"> <g transform="translate(72,-64.26)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>计算使用(<一个href="#eq5">5</一个>)是23.3%,相对比,重量的方法。</p> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="tab4"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-tab4"> <table class="table-group" id="tab4"> <tbody> <tr class="table-caption" id="a"> <td><b>(一)</b>表计算的不确定性的PCB质量浓度SRM使用(<一个href="#eq6">6</一个>)和体积方法(质量浓度域)。</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <table class="table"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="8"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr class="thead"> <td align="left">数量</td> <td align="center">象征</td> <td align="center">价值</td> <td align="center">灵敏度系数</td> <td align="center">不确定性</td> <td align="center">概率分布</td> <td align="center">除数</td> <td align="center">贡献标准uncert</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="8"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">质量分数的PCB提取(ng⋅毫升<sup>−1</sup>)</td> <td align="center"><span style="width: 88.112503px;"> <svg height="12.175" id="M154" style="vertical-align:-1.09097pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 88.112503 12.175" width="88.112503" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.175)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.26)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.4)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.2515001" y="0"> 。</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.3772497" y="0"> 2</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.62875" y="0"> 4</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.880251" y="0"> 4</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.907415" y="0"> ±</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.247639" y="0"> 0</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="48.499138" y="0"> 。</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="51.624886" y="0"> 0</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="57.876389" y="0"> 0</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="64.127884" y="0"> 6</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></td> <td align="center">5.640</td> <td align="center">4.45</td> <td align="center">0.593</td> <td align="center">正常的</td> <td align="center">1</td> <td align="center">2.638</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">提取总量(mL)</td> <td align="center"><span style="width: 36.099998px;"> <svg height="12.4625" id="M155" style="vertical-align:-4.37273pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 36.099998 12.4625" width="36.099998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.4625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.03)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-66.76,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 我</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.4330561" y="0"> n</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> t</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-57.52,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-53.87,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> c</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.8858881" y="0"> 一个</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="7.7717762" y="0"> l</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></td> <td align="center">1.244</td> <td align="center">20.2</td> <td align="center">0.006</td> <td align="center">正常的</td> <td align="center">1</td> <td align="center">0.113</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">萃取效率(无单位)</td> <td align="center"><span style="width: 80.287498px;"> <svg height="12.2375" id="M156" style="vertical-align:-1.09097pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 80.287498 12.2375" width="80.287498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.2375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.21)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 3</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.2515001" y="0"> 3</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.503" y="0"> 。</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.62875" y="0"> 2</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.880251" y="0"> 1</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.907415" y="0"> ±</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.247639" y="0"> 0</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="48.499138" y="0"> 。</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="51.624886" y="0"> 5</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="57.876389" y="0"> 4</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></td> <td align="center">0.704</td> <td align="center">−35.7</td> <td align="center">0.035</td> <td align="center">正常的</td> <td align="center">1</td> <td align="center">−1.266</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">SRM提取的质量(g)</td> <td align="center"><span style="width: 41.200001px;"> <svg height="21.1625" id="M157" style="vertical-align:-4.37273pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 41.200001 21.1625" width="41.200001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,21.1625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-55.07)"> <g> <path d="m -71.95,70.71 8.96,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,59.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.99,56.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 我</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.4330561" y="0"> n</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> t</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-53.74,56.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-50.1,56.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> e</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.7108481" y="0"> x</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.0868483" y="0"> t</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></td> <td align="center">0.397</td> <td align="center">−63.2</td> <td align="center">0.001</td> <td align="center">正常的</td> <td align="center">1</td> <td align="center">−0.032</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"><b>质量分数的PCB SRM (ng⋅g<sup>−1</sup>)</b></td> <td align="center"><b> <svg height="21.1625" id="M158" style="vertical-align:-4.37273pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 40.825001 21.1625" width="40.825001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,21.1625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-55.07)"> <g> <path d="m -71.95,70.71 8.96,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,59.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.99,56.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 我</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.4330561" y="0"> n</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> t</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-53.74,56.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-50.1,56.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> c</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.8858881" y="0"> 一个</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="7.7717762" y="0"> l</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></b></td> <td align="center"><b>25.108</b></td> <td align="center"><b>- - - - - -</b></td> <td align="center"><b>- - - - - -</b></td> <td align="center"><b>正常的</b></td> <td align="center"><b>1</b></td> <td align="center"><b>2.929</b></td> </tr> <tr class="table-tr"> <td colspan="8"> <hr class="tbody-hr"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> <tr class="table-caption" id="b"> <td><b>(b)</b>表计算的不确定性测量印刷电路板的质量浓度提取使用(<一个href="#eq7">7</一个>)和体积方法(质量浓度域)。</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <table class="table"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="8"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr class="thead"> <td align="left">数量</td> <td align="center">象征</td> <td align="center">价值</td> <td align="center">灵敏度系数</td> <td align="center">不确定性</td> <td align="center">概率分布</td> <td align="center">除数</td> <td align="center">贡献标准uncert</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="8"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">平均注入标准校正峰面积提取的PCB(无单位)</td> <td align="center"><span style="width: 13.425px;"> <svg height="11.05" id="M159" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 13.425 11.05" width="13.425" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.05)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.16)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.7,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></td> <td align="center">0.0213</td> <td align="center">264年</td> <td align="center">0.0021</td> <td align="center">正常的</td> <td align="center">1</td> <td align="center">0.564</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">校准曲线的梯度PCB (mL⋅ng<sup>−1</sup>)</td> <td align="center"><span style="width: 41.200001px;"> <svg height="21.1625" id="M160" style="vertical-align:-4.37273pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 41.200001 21.1625" width="41.200001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,21.1625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-55.07)"> <g> <path d="m -71.95,70.71 8.96,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,59.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.99,56.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 我</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.4330561" y="0"> n</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> t</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-53.74,56.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-50.1,56.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> e</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.7108481" y="0"> x</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.0868483" y="0"> t</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></td> <td align="center">0.00378</td> <td align="center">−1494</td> <td align="center">0.00012</td> <td align="center">正常的</td> <td align="center">1</td> <td align="center">−0.182</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"><b>测量印刷电路板的质量浓度提取(ng⋅毫升<sup>−1</sup>)</b></td> <td align="center"><b> <svg height="21.1625" id="M161" style="vertical-align:-4.37273pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 40.825001 21.1625" width="40.825001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,21.1625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-55.07)"> <g> <path d="m -71.95,70.71 8.96,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,59.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.99,56.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 我</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.4330561" y="0"> n</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> t</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-53.74,56.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-50.1,56.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> c</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.8858881" y="0"> 一个</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="7.7717762" y="0"> l</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></b></td> <td align="center"><b>5.640</b></td> <td align="center"><b>- - - - - -</b></td> <td align="center"><b>- - - - - -</b></td> <td align="center"><b>正常的</b></td> <td align="center"><b>1</b></td> <td align="center"><b>0.593</b></td> </tr> <tr class="table-tr"> <td colspan="8"> <hr class="tbody-hr"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> <tr class="table-caption" id="c"> <td><b>(c)</b>表计算的不确定性在萃取效率使用(<一个href="#eq8">8</一个>)和体积方法(质量浓度域)。</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <table class="table"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="8"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr class="thead"> <td align="left">数量</td> <td align="center">象征</td> <td align="center">价值</td> <td align="center">灵敏度系数</td> <td align="center">不确定性</td> <td align="center">概率分布</td> <td align="center">除数</td> <td align="center">贡献标准uncert</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="8"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">注入standard-corrected,平均峰面积的内部标准提取物(无单位)</td> <td align="center"><span style="width: 49.950001px;"> <svg height="21.1625" id="M162" style="vertical-align:-4.37273pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 49.950001 21.1625" width="49.950001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,21.1625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-55.07)"> <g> <path d="m -71.95,70.71 8.96,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,59.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.99,56.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> P</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8748641" y="0"> C</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.712448" y="0"> B</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-46.44,56.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-42.79,56.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> c</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.8858881" y="0"> 一个</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="7.7717762" y="0"> l</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></td> <td align="center">0.298</td> <td align="center">2.36</td> <td align="center">0.007</td> <td align="center">正常的</td> <td align="center">1</td> <td align="center">0.017</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">质量浓度的内部标准校准解决方案(ng⋅毫升<sup>−1</sup>)</td> <td align="center"><span style="width: 30.424999px;"> <svg height="25.9625" id="M163" style="vertical-align:-3.25792pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 30.424999 25.9625" width="30.424999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,25.9625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-51.23)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-69.24,65.59)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> •</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,53.67)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.76,51.4)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> P</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8748641" y="0"> C</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.712448" y="0"> B</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></td> <td align="center">38.32</td> <td align="center">0.018</td> <td align="center">1.24</td> <td align="center">正常的</td> <td align="center">1</td> <td align="center">0.023</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">注入standard-corrected,平均峰面积的内部标准校准解决方案(无单位)</td> <td align="center"><span style="width: 31.762501px;"> <svg height="11.3375" id="M164" style="vertical-align:-3.25792pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 31.762501 11.3375" width="31.762501" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.3375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.93)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.22)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.62,63.1)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 年代</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8661122" y="0"> R</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.703696" y="0"> 米</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></td> <td align="center">0.489</td> <td align="center">−1.44</td> <td align="center">0.012</td> <td align="center">正常的</td> <td align="center">1</td> <td align="center">−0.018</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">内部标准的理论质量浓度的提取(假设完全恢复)(ng⋅毫升<sup>−1</sup>)</td> <td align="center"><span style="width: 88.112503px;"> <svg height="12.175" id="M165" style="vertical-align:-1.09097pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 88.112503 12.175" width="88.112503" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.175)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.26)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.4)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.2515001" y="0"> 。</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.3772497" y="0"> 2</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.62875" y="0"> 4</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.880251" y="0"> 4</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.907415" y="0"> ±</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.247639" y="0"> 0</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="48.499138" y="0"> 。</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="51.624886" y="0"> 0</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="57.876389" y="0"> 0</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="64.127884" y="0"> 6</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></td> <td align="center">33.21</td> <td align="center">−0.021</td> <td align="center">0.54</td> <td align="center">正常的</td> <td align="center">1</td> <td align="center">−0.012</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"><b>萃取效率(无单位)</b></td> <td align="center"><b> <svg height="12.4625" id="M166" style="vertical-align:-4.37273pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 55.587502 12.4625" width="55.587502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.4625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.03)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-66.76,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> P</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8748641" y="0"> C</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.712448" y="0"> B</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-50.21,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-46.56,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 年代</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8661122" y="0"> R</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.703696" y="0"> 米</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></b></td> <td align="center"><b>0.704</b></td> <td align="center"><b>- - - - - -</b></td> <td align="center"><b>- - - - - -</b></td> <td align="center"><b>正常的</b></td> <td align="center"><b>1</b></td> <td align="center"><b>0.035</b></td> </tr> <tr class="table-tr"> <td colspan="8"> <hr class="tbody-hr"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">表4</span> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jamc/2008/179498/tab4/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"></div> </div> </div> <p>的相对贡献的整体不确定性的量(<一个href="#eq6">6</一个>),从表中<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jamc/2008/179498/tab4/" target="_blank">4</一个>(一)如图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jamc/2008/179498/fig4/" target="_blank">4</一个>。至于重量的方法,最大的贡献者<svg height="16.137501" id="M167" style="vertical-align:-4.37273pt;width:77.012497px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 77.012497 16.137501" width="77.012497" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.1375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-59.09)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.8146152" y="0"> (</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.978114" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-53.78,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> P</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8748641" y="0"> C</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.712448" y="0"> B</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-37.23,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-33.59,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 年代</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8661122" y="0"> R</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.703696" y="0"> 米</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-14.6,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> )</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>(如计算(<一个href="#eq7">7</一个>)紧随其后<svg height="12.4625" id="M168" style="vertical-align:-4.37273pt;width:45.625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 45.625 12.4625" width="45.625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.4625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.03)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-66.76,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> P</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8748641" y="0"> C</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.712448" y="0"> B</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-50.21,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-46.56,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> e</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.702096" y="0"> x</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.0780964" y="0"> t</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>(如计算(<一个href="#eq8">8</一个>))。的贡献<svg height="11.3" id="M169" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt;width:21.799999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 21.799999 11.3" width="21.799999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.3)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.96)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.22)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.62,63.1)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> e</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.702096" y="0"> x</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.0780964" y="0"> t</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<svg height="11.05" id="M170" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:13.425px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 13.425 11.05" width="13.425" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.05)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.16)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.7,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>要小得多。</p> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig4"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig4"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="179498.fig.004" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/jamc/volume-2008/179498/figures/179498.fig.004.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图4</span> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jamc/2008/179498/fig4/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <a href="#eq6">6</一个> <svg height="11.075" id="M171" style="vertical-align:-3.25792pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 34.950001 11.075" width="34.950001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.075)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.14)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.07,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 年代</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8661122" y="0"> R</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.703696" y="0"> 米</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg> <table> 图显示的四个的贡献量()的不确定性(质量浓度域)的体积的方法。</t一个ble> </div> </div> </div> <h5 id="subsec3.3">3.3。重量准备解决方案:转换质量浓度域</h5> <p>解决方案的第三种方法也可能taken-preparation重量分析地然后转换成质量浓度域进行分析。这种方法受益于小重量产生的不确定性的过程,虽然这是在某种程度上妥协的需要每个重量转换成一个卷,使用溶剂的密度,也有内在的不确定性。各自的不确定性方法的一个例子可以通过比较获得的标准不确定度PCB含量名义上相同的校准标准由每种方法(除了前注射标准)-0.60%的相对重量的方法(质量分数域),1.58%的相对体积方法(质量浓度域),和一个中间0.76%相对第三approach-gravimetry转换为质量浓度域紧随其后。</p> <p>表<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jamc/2008/179498/tab5/" target="_blank">5</一个>(一)-<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jamc/2008/179498/tab5/" target="_blank">5</一个>(c)显示完整的预算分析的不确定性这第三种方法;表的格式的表是一样的<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jamc/2008/179498/tab3/" target="_blank">3</一个>和<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jamc/2008/179498/tab4/" target="_blank">4</一个>。因为使用的解决方案是相同的重量的讨论方法,三个平均的值和不确定性,内标校正峰地区,<svg height="12.775" id="M172" style="vertical-align:-4.37273pt;width:56.912498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 56.912498 12.775" width="56.912498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.775)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.78)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.19)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.7,63.06)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> P</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8748641" y="0"> C</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.712448" y="0"> B</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-49.15,63.06)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-45.5,63.06)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 年代</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8661122" y="0"> R</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.703696" y="0"> 米</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,<svg height="21.1625" id="M173" style="vertical-align:-4.37273pt;width:50.337502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 50.337502 21.1625" width="50.337502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,21.1625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-55.07)"> <g> <path d="m -71.95,70.71 8.96,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,59.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.99,56.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> P</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8748641" y="0"> C</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.712448" y="0"> B</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-46.44,56.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-42.79,56.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> e</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.7108481" y="0"> x</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.0868483" y="0"> t</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>表是一样的吗<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jamc/2008/179498/tab3/" target="_blank">3</一个>。</p> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="tab5"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-tab5"> <table class="table-group" id="tab5"> <tbody> <tr class="table-caption" id="a"> <td><b>(一)</b>表计算的不确定性的PCB质量浓度SRM使用(<一个href="#eq6">6</一个>)和第三种方法(重力准备:在质量浓度计算域)。</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <table class="table"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="8"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr class="thead"> <td align="left">数量</td> <td align="center">象征</td> <td align="center">价值</td> <td align="center">灵敏度系数</td> <td align="center">不确定性</td> <td align="center">概率分布</td> <td align="center">除数</td> <td align="center">贡献标准uncert</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="8"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">质量分数的PCB提取(ng⋅毫升<sup>−1</sup>)</td> <td align="center"><span style="width: 30.424999px;"> <svg height="25.9625" id="M174" style="vertical-align:-3.25792pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 30.424999 25.9625" width="30.424999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,25.9625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-51.23)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-69.24,65.59)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> •</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,53.67)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.76,51.4)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> P</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8748641" y="0"> C</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.712448" y="0"> B</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></td> <td align="center">5.640</td> <td align="center">4.76</td> <td align="center">0.593</td> <td align="center">正常的</td> <td align="center">1</td> <td align="center">2.821</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">提取总量(mL)</td> <td align="center"><span style="width: 46.075001px;"> <svg height="12.9625" id="M175" style="vertical-align:-4.37273pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 46.075001 12.9625" width="46.075001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.9625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.63)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.04)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-66.4,62.91)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> P</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8748641" y="0"> C</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.712448" y="0"> B</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-49.85,62.91)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-46.2,62.91)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> e</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.702096" y="0"> x</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.0780964" y="0"> t</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></td> <td align="center">1.244</td> <td align="center">21.6</td> <td align="center">0.006</td> <td align="center">正常的</td> <td align="center">1</td> <td align="center">0.121</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">萃取效率(无单位)</td> <td align="center"><span style="width: 41.200001px;"> <svg height="21.1625" id="M176" style="vertical-align:-4.37273pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 41.200001 21.1625" width="41.200001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,21.1625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-55.07)"> <g> <path d="m -71.95,70.71 8.96,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,59.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.99,56.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 我</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.4330561" y="0"> n</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> t</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-53.74,56.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-50.1,56.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> e</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.7108481" y="0"> x</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.0868483" y="0"> t</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></td> <td align="center">0.658</td> <td align="center">−40.8</td> <td align="center">0.028</td> <td align="center">正常的</td> <td align="center">1</td> <td align="center">−1.139</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">SRM提取的质量(g)</td> <td align="center"><span style="width: 36.099998px;"> <svg height="12.4625" id="M177" style="vertical-align:-4.37273pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 36.099998 12.4625" width="36.099998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.4625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.03)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-66.76,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 我</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.4330561" y="0"> n</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> t</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-57.52,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-53.87,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> c</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.8858881" y="0"> 一个</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="7.7717762" y="0"> l</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></td> <td align="center">0.397</td> <td align="center">−67.6</td> <td align="center">0.001</td> <td align="center">正常的</td> <td align="center">1</td> <td align="center">−0.034</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"><b>质量分数的PCB SRM (ng⋅g<sup>−1</sup>)</b></td> <td align="center"><b> <svg height="21.1625" id="M178" style="vertical-align:-4.37273pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 40.825001 21.1625" width="40.825001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,21.1625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-55.07)"> <g> <path d="m -71.95,70.71 8.96,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,59.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.99,56.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 我</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.4330561" y="0"> n</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> t</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-53.74,56.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-50.1,56.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> c</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.8858881" y="0"> 一个</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="7.7717762" y="0"> l</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></b></td> <td align="center"><b>26.853</b></td> <td align="center"><b>- - - - - -</b></td> <td align="center"><b>- - - - - -</b></td> <td align="center"><b>正常的</b></td> <td align="center"><b>1</b></td> <td align="center"><b>3.045</b></td> </tr> <tr class="table-tr"> <td colspan="8"> <hr class="tbody-hr"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> <tr class="table-caption" id="b"> <td><b>(b)</b>表计算的不确定性测量印刷电路板的质量浓度提取使用(<一个href="#eq7">7</一个>)和第三种方法(重力准备:在质量浓度计算域)。</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <table class="table"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="8"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr class="thead"> <td align="left">数量</td> <td align="center">象征</td> <td align="center">价值</td> <td align="center">灵敏度系数</td> <td align="center">不确定性</td> <td align="center">概率分布</td> <td align="center">除数</td> <td align="center">贡献标准uncert</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="8"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">平均注入标准校正峰面积提取的PCB(无单位)</td> <td align="center"><span style="width: 36.487499px;"> <svg height="19.450001" id="M179" style="vertical-align:-5.52745pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 36.487499 19.450001" width="36.487499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,19.45)"> <g transform="translate(72,-56.44)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,62)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-66.14,67.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-66.76,57.73)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 我</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.4330561" y="0"> n</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> t</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-57.52,57.73)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-53.87,57.73)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> e</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.702096" y="0"> x</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.0780964" y="0"> t</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></td> <td align="center">0.0213</td> <td align="center">265年</td> <td align="center">0.0021</td> <td align="center">正常的</td> <td align="center">1</td> <td align="center">0.564</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">校准曲线的梯度PCB (mL⋅ng<sup>−1</sup>)</td> <td align="center"><span style="width: 13.6875px;"> <svg height="11.4" id="M180" style="vertical-align:-3.25793pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 13.6875 11.4" width="13.6875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.4)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.88)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.17)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.49,63.05)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></td> <td align="center">0.00378</td> <td align="center">−1494</td> <td align="center">0.00012</td> <td align="center">正常的</td> <td align="center">1</td> <td align="center">−0.182</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"><b>测量印刷电路板的质量浓度提取(ng⋅毫升<sup>−1</sup>)</b></td> <td align="center"><b> <svg height="12.4625" id="M181" style="vertical-align:-4.37273pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 45.625 12.4625" width="45.625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.4625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.03)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-66.76,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> P</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8748641" y="0"> C</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.712448" y="0"> B</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-50.21,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-46.56,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> e</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.702096" y="0"> x</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.0780964" y="0"> t</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></b></td> <td align="center"><b>5.640</b></td> <td align="center"><b>- - - - - -</b></td> <td align="center"><b>- - - - - -</b></td> <td align="center"><b>正常的</b></td> <td align="center"><b>1</b></td> <td align="center"><b>0.593</b></td> </tr> <tr class="table-tr"> <td colspan="8"> <hr class="tbody-hr"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> <tr class="table-caption" id="c"> <td><b>(c)</b>表计算的不确定性在萃取效率使用(<一个href="#eq8">8</一个>)和第三种方法(重力准备:在质量浓度计算域)。</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <table class="table"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="8"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr class="thead"> <td align="left">数量</td> <td align="center">象征</td> <td align="center">价值</td> <td align="center">灵敏度系数</td> <td align="center">不确定性</td> <td align="center">概率分布</td> <td align="center">除数</td> <td align="center">贡献标准uncert</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="8"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">注入standard-corrected,平均峰面积的内部标准提取物(无单位)</td> <td align="center"><span style="width: 13.425px;"> <svg height="11.05" id="M182" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 13.425 11.05" width="13.425" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.05)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.16)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.7,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></td> <td align="center">0.298</td> <td align="center">2.21</td> <td align="center">0.007</td> <td align="center">正常的</td> <td align="center">1</td> <td align="center">0.016</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">质量浓度的内部标准校准解决方案(ng⋅毫升<sup>−1</sup>)</td> <td align="center"><span style="width: 21.799999px;"> <svg height="11.3" id="M183" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 21.799999 11.3" width="21.799999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.3)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.96)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.22)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.62,63.1)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> e</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.702096" y="0"> x</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.0780964" y="0"> t</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></td> <td align="center">36.79</td> <td align="center">0.018</td> <td align="center">0.83</td> <td align="center">正常的</td> <td align="center">1</td> <td align="center">0.015</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">注入standard-corrected,平均峰面积的内部标准校准解决方案(无单位)</td> <td align="center"><span style="width: 34.950001px;"> <svg height="11.075" id="M184" style="vertical-align:-3.25792pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 34.950001 11.075" width="34.950001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.075)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.14)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.07,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 年代</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8661122" y="0"> R</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.703696" y="0"> 米</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></td> <td align="center">0.489</td> <td align="center">−1.35</td> <td align="center">0.012</td> <td align="center">正常的</td> <td align="center">1</td> <td align="center">−0.016</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">内部标准的理论质量浓度的提取(假设完全恢复)(ng⋅毫升<sup>−1</sup>)</td> <td align="center"><span style="width: 57.700001px;"> <svg height="12.4625" id="M185" style="vertical-align:-4.37273pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 57.700001 12.4625" width="57.700001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.4625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.03)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> P</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8748641" y="0"> C</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.712448" y="0"> B</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-48.52,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-44.88,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 年代</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8661122" y="0"> R</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.703696" y="0"> 米</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></td> <td align="center">34.10</td> <td align="center">−0.019</td> <td align="center">0.28</td> <td align="center">正常的</td> <td align="center">1</td> <td align="center">−0.005</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"><b>萃取效率(无单位)</b></td> <td align="center"><b> <svg height="21.1625" id="M186" style="vertical-align:-4.37273pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 98.712502 21.1625" width="98.712502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,21.1625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-55.07)"> <g> <path d="m -71.95,70.71 8.96,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,59.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.99,56.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> P</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8748641" y="0"> C</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.712448" y="0"> B</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-46.44,56.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-42.79,56.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> e</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.7108481" y="0"> x</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.0868483" y="0"> t</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-31.78,59.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</tspan> </text> <g> <path d="m -24.48,70.71 8.96,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-24.48,59.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-15.52,56.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 我</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.4330561" y="0"> n</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> t</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-6.28,56.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-4.09,56.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> e</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.7108481" y="0"> x</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.0868483" y="0"> t</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></b></td> <td align="center"><b>0.658</b></td> <td align="center"><b>- - - - - -</b></td> <td align="center"><b>- - - - - -</b></td> <td align="center"><b>正常的</b></td> <td align="center"><b>1</b></td> <td align="center"><b>0.028</b></td> </tr> <tr class="table-tr"> <td colspan="8"> <hr class="tbody-hr"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">表5</span> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jamc/2008/179498/tab5/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"></div> </div> </div> <p>这里所示的示例中,测量在SRM PCB分析物的质量分数,<svg height="21.1625" id="M187" style="vertical-align:-4.37273pt;width:40.825001px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 40.825001 21.1625" width="40.825001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,21.1625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-55.07)"> <g> <path d="m -71.95,70.71 8.96,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,59.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.99,56.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 我</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.4330561" y="0"> n</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> t</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-53.74,56.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-50.1,56.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> c</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.8858881" y="0"> 一个</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="7.7717762" y="0"> l</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>计算26.9 ng⋅克<sup>−1</sup>标准不确定度为3.0 ng⋅g<sup>−1</sup>——扩展不确定度<svg height="12.4625" id="M188" style="vertical-align:-4.37273pt;width:45.625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 45.625 12.4625" width="45.625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.4625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.03)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-66.76,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> P</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8748641" y="0"> C</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.712448" y="0"> B</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-50.21,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-46.56,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> e</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.702096" y="0"> x</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.0780964" y="0"> t</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>因此,相对22.7%。再一次,这个值不同于计算的重量(质量分数域)方法,但两个值显然在测量的不确定性。的相对贡献的总体不确定性这第三种方法(从表<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jamc/2008/179498/tab5/" target="_blank">5</一个>)(一)如图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jamc/2008/179498/fig5/" target="_blank">5</一个>图,这显示了一个非常类似的模式<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jamc/2008/179498/fig4/" target="_blank">4</一个>。</p> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig5"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig5"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="179498.fig.005" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/jamc/volume-2008/179498/figures/179498.fig.005.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图5</span> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jamc/2008/179498/fig5/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <a href="#eq3">3</一个> <svg height="11.3" id="M189" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 21.799999 11.3" width="21.799999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.3)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.96)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.22)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.62,63.1)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> e</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.702096" y="0"> x</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.0780964" y="0"> t</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg> <table> 图显示的相对贡献的四个数量()的不确定性第三种方法(重力准备:在质量浓度计算域)。</t一个ble> </div> </div> </div> <h5 id="subsec3.4">3.4。比较的方法</h5> <p>的值<svg height="11.05" id="M190" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:13.425px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 13.425 11.05" width="13.425" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.05)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.16)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.7,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>计算每个表的三种方法进行了比较<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jamc/2008/179498/tab6/" target="_blank">6</一个>。这三个相对不确定性非常相似(22.4%至23.3%),正如本文前面所讨论的,都是适合forpurpose分析超过立法者提供的信心水平。这些值之间的相似性表明,绝大多数的不确定性在这里给出的例子来自于gc - ms分析了重量和体积制备方法的贡献相对较小。中可以看到这个数字<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jamc/2008/179498/fig3/" target="_blank">3</一个>- - - - - -<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jamc/2008/179498/fig5/" target="_blank">5</一个>并进一步通过图体现出来的<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jamc/2008/179498/fig6/" target="_blank">6</一个>,这显示了整体的不确定性的相对贡献<svg height="11.075" id="M191" style="vertical-align:-3.25792pt;width:34.950001px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 34.950001 11.075" width="34.950001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.075)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.14)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.07,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 年代</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8661122" y="0"> R</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.703696" y="0"> 米</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>计算(<一个href="#eq3">3</一个>)(质量分数域)重量的方法。主要因素是<svg height="12.775" id="M192" style="vertical-align:-4.37273pt;width:56.912498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 56.912498 12.775" width="56.912498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.775)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.78)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.19)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text 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style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,59.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.99,56.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> P</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8748641" y="0"> C</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.712448" y="0"> B</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-46.44,56.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-42.79,56.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> e</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.7108481" y="0"> x</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.0868483" y="0"> t</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>的不确定性是由重复性的gc - ms分析。这些因素的贡献的整体的不确定性<svg height="25.9625" id="M194" 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transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,21.1625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-55.07)"> <g> <path d="m -71.95,70.71 8.96,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,59.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.99,56.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 我</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.4330561" y="0"> n</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> t</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-53.74,56.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-50.1,56.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> e</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.7108481" y="0"> x</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.0868483" y="0"> t</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。偏差校正<svg height="12.4625" id="M197" style="vertical-align:-4.37273pt;width:36.099998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 36.099998 12.4625" width="36.099998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.4625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.03)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-66.76,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 我</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.4330561" y="0"> n</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> t</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-57.52,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-53.87,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> c</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.8858881" y="0"> 一个</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="7.7717762" y="0"> l</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>被分配一个零的不确定性。进一步指示的主导地位的不确定性的贡献获得了gc - ms分析,如果整个计算过程的不确定性假设的不确定性gc - ms分析为零,也就是说,如果<svg height="21.1625" id="M198" style="vertical-align:-4.37273pt;width:40.825001px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 40.825001 21.1625" width="40.825001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,21.1625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-55.07)"> <g> <path d="m -71.95,70.71 8.96,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,59.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.99,56.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 我</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.4330561" y="0"> n</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> t</tspan> </text> <text 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</g> </svg>都设置为0。在这种情况下,扩大了每种方法的相对不确定性是2.5%重量的方法(质量分数域),8.2%体积的方法(质量浓度域)和第三approach-gravimetry 7.6%转换为质量浓度域紧随其后。</p> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="tab6"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-tab6"> <table class="table-group" id="tab6"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <table class="table"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="4"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr class="thead"> <td align="left">方法</td> <td align="center"><span style="width: 77.012497px;"> <svg height="16.137501" id="M202" style="vertical-align:-4.37273pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 77.012497 16.137501" width="77.012497" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.1375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-59.09)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.8146152" y="0"> (</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.978114" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text 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transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.4625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.03)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> P</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8748641" y="0"> C</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.712448" y="0"> B</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-48.52,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-44.88,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 年代</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8661122" y="0"> R</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.703696" y="0"> 米</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></td> <td align="center"><span style="width: 57.700001px;"> <svg height="12.4625" id="M204" style="vertical-align:-4.37273pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 57.700001 12.4625" width="57.700001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.4625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.03)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> P</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8748641" y="0"> C</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.712448" y="0"> B</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-48.52,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-44.88,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 年代</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8661122" y="0"> R</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.703696" y="0"> 米</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="4"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">(1)重量(质量分数域)</td> <td align="center">24.5</td> <td align="center">5.5</td> <td align="center">22.4%</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">(2)体积(质量浓度域)</td> <td align="center">25.1</td> <td align="center">5.9</td> <td align="center">23.3%</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">(3)重量:质量浓度的计算域</td> <td align="center">26.9</td> <td align="center">6.1</td> <td align="center">22.7%</td> </tr> <tr class="table-tr"> <td colspan="4"> <hr class="tbody-hr"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">表6</span> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jamc/2008/179498/tab6/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> 比较的值<svg height="12.4625" id="M201" style="vertical-align:-4.37273pt;width:57.700001px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 57.700001 12.4625" width="57.700001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.4625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.03)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> P</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8748641" y="0"> C</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.712448" y="0"> B</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-48.52,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-44.88,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 年代</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8661122" y="0"> R</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.703696" y="0"> 米</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>及其扩展不确定度计算每个讨论的三种方法的主要文本。</d我v> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig6"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig6"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="179498.fig.006" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/jamc/volume-2008/179498/figures/179498.fig.006.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图6</span> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jamc/2008/179498/fig6/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <a href="#eq3">3</一个> <svg height="11.05" id="M205" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 13.425 11.05" width="13.425" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.05)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.16)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.7,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg> <table> 图显示每个五的贡献量()的不确定性(正常的最大贡献)重量(质量分数域)的方法。</t一个ble> </div> </div> </div> <p>的统治地位的不确定性gc - ms分析,制备的解决方案中使用的分析意味着除了更有效率,体积的方法不妥协整体测量的不确定性。因此,我们建议,本文的示例中,首选的多氯联苯的分析方法在环境空气留在熔体质量浓度域,即preparesolutions体积。</p> <h4 id="conclusions">4所示。结论</h4> <p>本文提出了一个详细的测量方程和发展全面预算的不确定性分析的多氯联苯在城市灰尘参考材料。三种方法准备校准标准和其他解决方案相比,也就是说,<span class="list"><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label">(1)</span><span class="list-content">重量准备解决方案:在质量分数域进行计算;</span></span><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label">(2)</span><span class="list-content">体积准备解决方案:质量浓度域进行计算;</span></span><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label">(3)</span><span class="list-content">重量分析地准备一个中间方法的解决方案,但计算和标签解决方案在质量分数域进行。</span></span></span></p> <p>整体的扩展不确定度的计算这些三种方法的测量结果表明,本文的示例他们非常相似,从22.4%到23.3%不等。这些值都是适合分析的目的。检查uncertaintybudget显示,占主导地位的因素计算的不确定性是重复性的gc - ms分析,这方法的选择准备校准标准和其他解决方案的贡献相对较少。由于这个原因,建议仪表应该准备以最方便的方式可能在今年可能是体积方法(质量浓度域)。当然,不同的实验室应用不同的方法会得到不同的结论,例如,如果gc - ms分析的准确性大大提高,体积的方法可能有重大贡献的整体不确定性和重量的方法可能是首选。这可以很容易地调查使用这里介绍的测量方程。</p> <p>使用偏差修正项,<svg height="21.1625" id="M206" style="vertical-align:-4.37273pt;width:41.200001px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 41.200001 21.1625" width="41.200001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,21.1625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-55.07)"> <g> <path d="m -71.95,70.71 8.96,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,59.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.99,56.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 我</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.4330561" y="0"> n</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " 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transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,59.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.99,56.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 我</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.4330561" y="0"> n</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> t</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-53.74,56.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-50.1,56.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> c</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.8858881" y="0"> 一个</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="7.7717762" y="0"> l</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>用于计算中的PCB样品和提取效率的方法,这两个吗<svg height="11.05" id="M208" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:13.425px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 13.425 11.05" width="13.425" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.05)"> <g 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x="2.4330561" y="0"> n</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> t</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-55.83,57.73)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</tspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-52.18,57.73)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> e</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.702096" y="0"> x</tspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.0780964" y="0"> t</tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>不包括在测量方程,然后准确的知识<svg height="10.7375" id="M211" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt;width:7.9875002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 7.9875002 10.7375" width="7.9875002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.7375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.41)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </tspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和它的不确定性是必需的。</p> <p>虽然这工作关注多氯联苯的分析,作者希望它可以应用于类似的方法分析物相似,例如,使用的常规分析实验室测量多环芳烃(多环芳烃)、农药、二恶英、呋喃。</p> <h4 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Harris&publication_year=2003" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li> <li id="B32">欧洲议会和欧盟理事会指令2004/107 / EC, 2004年12月15日有关砷、镉、汞、镍和多环芳烃在环境空气,”<我>欧盟官方杂志</我>,46卷,不。L23, 3-16, 2005页。<span class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Directive%202004/107/EC%20of%2015%20December%202004%20relating%20to%20arsenic,%20cadmium,%20mercury,%20nickel%20and%20polycyclic%20aromatic%20hydrocarbons%20in%20ambient%20air&author= European Parliament &author=Council of the European Union&publication_year=2005" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li> </ol> </div> <div class="xml-content"> <h4 class="copyright" id="copyright">版权</h4> <p>版权©2008年安德鲁·s·布朗和理查德·j·c·布朗。这是一个开放的分布式下文章<一个rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/">知识共享归属许可</一个>,它允许无限制的使用、分配和复制在任何媒介,提供最初的工作是正确引用。</p> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> <div class="biblio__Wrapper-sc-1nou1lz-0 eyHfWh journal_article__BiblioIntegratorWidget-sc-12fk6zy-5 dbAANp article_widget biblioWrapper 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height="24"><span class="text">下载引用</span></span><span class="sc-htoDjs bqeMOy sc-dqBHgY cQgXqt fileArrow icon-colored _3P4iUn1NDM5G77nWCamJ4l icon-themeable" title="" font-size="20"></span></a> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-jtRfpW dIjoCg sc-BngTV hmDWcT ref_desktop" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jamc/2008/179498.ris" aria-label="" target="" id="toolbar__dcNavSmall"><span><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl sc-kTUwUJ eujois" title="" role="presentation" 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height="24"><span class="text">引用</span></span><span class="sc-htoDjs bqeMOy sc-dqBHgY cQgXqt fileArrow icon-colored _3P4iUn1NDM5G77nWCamJ4l icon-themeable" title="" font-size="20"></span></a> </div> </div> <div class="journal_article__ArticleStickyBottomToolbar-sc-12fk6zy-1 isgRZA article_sticky_bottom_toolbar"> <div class="sc-cTjmhe ihmyEq article_bottom_toolbar"> <div class="sc-cugefK itFKcQ accordion" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8" id="toolbar__dofNav"> <span><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl sc-bfYoXt cGuwDn" title="" role="presentation" 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height="24"><span class="sc-dRFtgE jrsDZP">订单打印副本</span><span class="sc-gkFcWv gWTCXQ">订单</span></span><span class="sc-htoDjs kNoiZu sc-gbOuXE jGPvPL right__icon icon-colored _32KP5uexH-Bgs7Kj8Gk1Tz icon-themeable" title="" font-size="16"></span></a> <div class="sc-hBbWxd kdRRST"> <div class="sc-dyGzUR cHatnS"> <div> 的观点<span>1094年</span> </div> <div> 下载<span>604年</span> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sc-drKuOJ kxdGAZ"> <span class="__dimensions_badge_embed__" data-doi="10.1155/2008/179498" data-style="small_circle"></span>引用</d我v> </div> </div> <nav class="sc-bRBYWo fXBKFa sc-hUfwpO jHPgUP" id="toolbar__iconNav"> <h3 class="sc-Rmtcm hNPrIr">分享文章</h3> <ul class="sc-hzDkRC bnbfTS"> <li class="iconBorder"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link" href="https://twitter.com/share?url=https://doi.org/10.1155/2008/179498&via=Hindawi" aria-label="Sharing on Twitter" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl socialTwitter" title="" role="presentation" 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