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id="article-table-of-contents" data-ismobile="false"> <div class="TableOfContents_tableOfContents__0jAuv"> <div class="TableOfContents_tableOfContents__title__CH9Lz"> 在这一页上</d我v> <a class="TableOfContents_tableOfContents__item__JJil1" href="#abstract">文摘</一个><一个class="TableOfContents_tableOfContents__item__JJil1" href="#introduction">介绍</一个><一个class="TableOfContents_tableOfContents__item__JJil1" href="#results-and-discussion">结果与讨论</一个><一个class="TableOfContents_tableOfContents__item__JJil1" href="#conclusions">结论</一个><一个class="TableOfContents_tableOfContents__item__JJil1" href="#references">引用</一个><一个class="TableOfContents_tableOfContents__item__JJil1" href="#copyright">版权</一个><一个class="TableOfContents_tableOfContents__item__JJil1" href="#related-articles">相关文章</一个></d我v> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ant-col ThreeColumnLayout_middleColumn__sbd41"> <div class="ArticleMiddleSection_articleMiddleSection__gAv9z"> <div class="articleHeader"> <div class="articleHeader__specialIssue"> <span class="articleHeader__specialIssue_tag">特殊的问题</秒pan> <h2 class="articleHeader__specialIssue_title">在围场逆流体对流问题</h2><一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jam/si/196801/" class="articleHeader__specialIssue_url" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">把这个特殊的问题</一个></d我v> <strong>研究文章|<gydF4y2B一个!-- -->开放获取</秒trong><d我v class="articleHeader__meta"> <span>体积<gydF4y2B一个!-- -->2012年<gydF4y2B一个!-- -->|</秒pan> <span>文章的ID<gydF4y2B一个!-- -->917650年<gydF4y2B一个!-- -->|</秒pan> <span class="articleHeader__meta_doiLink"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/917650" aria-label="Doi-link" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/917650</一个></秒pan> </div> <div class="simpleShowMore"> <button class="simpleShowMore__button">显示引用</button></d我v> <h1 class="articleHeader__title">计算流体动力学模拟多相流的结构化的包装</h1><d我v class="articleHeader__authors"> <span class="articleHeader__authors_author">赛义德Shojaee<一个href="http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8279-0672" aria-label="Redirect to Doi" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"><span role="img" class="anticon"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewbox="0 0 256 256" xml:space="preserve" width="1em" height="1em"> <path d="M256 128c0 70.7-57.3 128-128 128S0 198.7 0 128 57.3 0 128 0s128 57.3 128 128z" fill="#a6ce39"></path> <path d="M86.3 186.2H70.9V79.1h15.4v107.1zm22.6-107.1h41.6c39.6 0 57 28.3 57 53.6 0 27.5-21.5 53.6-56.8 53.6h-41.8V79.1zm15.4 93.3h24.5c34.9 0 42.9-26.5 42.9-39.7C191.7 111.2 178 93 148 93h-23.7v79.4zM88.7 56.8c0 5.5-4.5 10.1-10.1 10.1s-10.1-4.6-10.1-10.1c0-5.6 4.5-10.1 10.1-10.1s10.1 4.6 10.1 10.1z" fill="#fff"></path> </svg></span></a>,<年代up>1</秒up></span> <span class="articleHeader__authors_author"><strong>Seyyed Hossein Hosseini</秒trong><一个href="//www.newsama.com/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection" aria-label="Mail Option"><span role="img" class="anticon"> <svg version="1.0" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em" viewbox="0 0 1401 1101"> <path fill="#6ba439" 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<button class="simpleShowMore__button">显示更多</button></d我v> <div class="articleHeader__academicEditor"> <strong>学术编辑器:</秒trong><年代pan>Fu-Yun赵</秒pan> </div> <div class="articleHeader__timeline"> <div class="articleHeader__timeline_item "> <strong>收到了</秒trong><年代pan>2011年11月29日</秒pan> </div> <div class="articleHeader__timeline_item "> <strong>修改后的</秒trong><年代pan>2012年3月06</秒pan> </div> <div class="articleHeader__timeline_item "> <strong>接受</秒trong><年代pan>2012年3月07</秒pan> </div> <div class="articleHeader__timeline_item articleHeader__timeline_item_sticky"> <strong>发表</秒trong><年代pan>2012年5月13日</秒pan> </div> </div> </div> <div class="articleBody"> <div class="xml-content"> <h4 class="header" id="abstract">文摘</h4><gydF4y2B一个p>体积的流体多相流模型被用来研究液膜的有效面积和创建结构化的包装。计算结果表明,气体和液体流速扮演重要角色的有效界面面积包装。特别是,有效面积增加两阶段的流率增加。数值结果与Brunazzi和SRP模型相比,它们之间被发现和一个好的协议。注意到液膜形成过程的二维(2 d)和三维(3 d)模型。目前的研究表明,计算流体动力学(CFD)可以作为一个有效的工具来提供气体和液体流动的细节信息在复杂包装的几何图形。</gydF4y2Bap> <span class="end-abs"></span> <h4 id="introduction">1。介绍</h4><gydF4y2B一个p>波纹板规整填料已广泛应用于气液接触设备的工业应用,提高性能(<一个href="#B1">1</一个>]。流行几个参数导致结构化包装:每理论阶段达到最小压降而实现分离效率高,允许减少能源损耗,提高承载能力,增加洪水能力的高值(<一个href="#B2">2</一个>]。</gydF4y2B一个p> <p>结构化的包装是由波纹金属或塑料薄膜与反对并排排列通道方向。通道是面向±角<我><我>β</gydF4y2B一个我></我>从水平方向。这个角通常从45°60°不等。创建元素,波纹负债表交替平行排列。规整填料性能取决于皱状几何学的特点。45°-corrugation-angle结构化包装气液分离行业中十分普遍。60°起皱角是专为高容量的过程。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>结构化的填充柱的传质速率强烈依赖于有效的界面区域的床上。在大多数情况下,有效的传质表面的几何表面积不同于表由于水力条件的影响和物理交互影响液体的扩散在床单上。</gydF4y2B一个p> <p>许多理论,预测半经验的,经验公式的有效界面面积结构包装已经在文献中报道。这些模型开发不同的包装使用物理测量方法和各种工艺条件如electroresistivity和光的传播。只有少数研究人员报道实际界面领域有限类型的结构化包装(<一个href="#B3">3</一个>]。大部分的蒸馏数据使用的相关性在文献中已经报道在全回流条件下提取。因此,液体和气体速度的影响不能分开研究可用的数据。在一些报道模式,没有明确的影响气体速度,只有液相效应被认为包括表面润湿的影响。只有极少数作品考虑气体加载的结果(<一个href="#B4">4</一个>,<gydF4y2B一个一个href="#B5">5</一个>]。一些研究人员认为,可以大于包装界面区域几何区域;然而,在这个问题上存在一些分歧。简要回顾影响界面的参数区域提出了在前面的工作(<一个href="#B6">6</一个>]。</gydF4y2B一个p> <p>填料表面的润湿过程相当复杂,不是完全理解。近年来,计算流体动力学(CFD)已经成为一个有用的工具来分析多相流在不同的工业应用。特别是,CFD提供所需的能力来减少大量的实验来描述内的流型复杂的几何图形,如结构化包装;因此,它降低了设计所需的设备的成本。</gydF4y2B一个p> <p>有很多计算机模拟流动的结构化的包装。模拟液相流的流体动力学的结构化的包装满了催化剂颗粒,Van Gulijk [<一个href="#B7">7</一个>)使用三角巧克力模型,简化了多相流单相的渠道,和评价的横向分散结构填充床。范Baten et al。<一个href="#B8">8</一个>,<gydF4y2B一个一个href="#B9">9</一个>研究液体色散和气体和液相传质之间的两张KATAPAK-S结构化包装使用CFD工具。他们认为气相的传质空通道,以及液相传质内catalyst-packed频道。那et al。<一个href="#B10">10</一个>)和Larachi et al。<一个href="#B11">11</一个>)提出了规整填料的结合四个代表小学3 d单位(活)和评估干床压降。Szulczewska et al。<一个href="#B12">12</一个>)使用一个2 d模型,假定逆流气液流动,研究液滴形成的机制和液膜破裂对平面和垂直板波纹。他们评估了气液界面面积在2 d模型使用膜厚度。基于Petre和Larachi的工作(<一个href="#B10">10</一个>,<gydF4y2B一个一个href="#B11">11</一个>),R一个yn一个l et al。<一个href="#B13">13</一个>]预测干填料压降。他们估计液膜的厚度,因此液体滞留在一个结构化的包装使用受到平行流的方法。Ataki和巴特<一个href="#B14">14</一个>]应用平面包装元素Rombopak 4 M的CFD模型和描述的润湿程度和有效面积。他们还调查了液体的润湿程度上的属性的影响。Haghshenas胭脂et al。<一个href="#B15">15</一个>]介绍了CFD模型来预测干和湿压降为整个包装模块。他们还确定了传质效率的包装在两个包装表。玛鲁和新<一个href="#B16">16</一个>)提出了一种两相流模型与结构化列包装。他们计算的压降填料在不同的角度和方向。使用这个模型,逆流两相流的宏观流场可以评估在强烈的各向异性多孔结构。Khosravi Nikou和Ehsani<一个href="#B17">17</一个>)实现不同的湍流模型研究流经结构化包装和包装进行热量和质量传递。费尔南德斯et al。<一个href="#B18">18</一个>,<gydF4y2B一个一个href="#B19">19</一个>]假设统一的包装表面的润湿和提出了一个伪单相CFD模型测定湿压滴小牛腿肉冻BX超临界流体萃取过程中密封元件。</gydF4y2B一个p> <p>总之,一些研究已经在现有的文献报道,利用CFD技术评估有效的地区结构包装虽然大多数的研究都局限于预测压降和使用2 d模型两相流模拟。此外,液膜厚度在2 d和3 d框架研究很少。在这项研究中,一个3 d计算框架被考虑为域内多相流动两层的最大元素的结构化包装。有效面积的评估是基于使用受到的液膜厚度的3 d仿真方法。逆流运动空气和水的气体和液体阶段,分别进行了分析,并有效的区域,液体滞留,液体和气体速度和液膜厚度进行了评估。2 d模型评估研究液膜厚度除了3 d计算域。</gydF4y2Bap> <h4 id="numerical-simulations">2。数值模拟</h4><h5gydF4y2B一个我d="sec2.1">2.1。控制方程</h5><gydF4y2B一个p>模拟使用进行流体的体积(受到)模型。受到的方法是适合跟踪两个非混相阶段之间的接口,即气液界面。受到了动量方程的一组在整个域,同时跟踪阶段在每个计算单元的体积。由此产生的速度在每个细胞的平均质量值阶段出现在细胞。相应的动量平衡方程给出了两相流的<年代pan class="equation" id="EEq1"> <svg height="30.737499" id="M1" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 30.737499" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,30.7375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-47.41)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,53.21,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <g> <path d="m 51.25,59.47 10.31,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,51.25,47.59)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.59" y="-6.2399998"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.99" y="-6.2399998"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="70.239998" y="-6.2399998"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="94.919998" y="-6.2399998"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="182.94" y="-3.8399999"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="188.67999" y="-8.7600002"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="198.37" y="-3.8399999"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3890328" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.440001" y="-8.7600002"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.130547" y="-8.7600002"> ⃗</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.716505" y="-8.7600002"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.619999" y="-8.7600002"> +</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="51.96022" y="-8.7600002"> ∇</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="63.87558" y="-8.7600002"> ⋅</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="76.089996" y="-8.7600002"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="88.780548" y="-8.7600002"> ⃗</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="82.366508" y="-8.7600002"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="95.057053" y="-8.7600002"> ⃗</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="88.643013" y="-8.7600002"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="104.24" y="-8.7600002"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="116.26788" y="-8.7600002"> −</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="124.83244" y="-8.7600002"> ∇</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="136.7603" y="-8.7600002"> ⋅</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="143.11183" y="-8.7600002"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="153.31427" y="-8.7600002"> +</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="164.6545" y="-8.7600002"> ∇</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="176.58235" y="-8.7600002"> ⋅</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="205.74001" y="-8.7600002"> ∇</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="221.29373" y="-8.7600002"> ⃗</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="214.8797" y="-8.7600002"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="223.93187" y="-8.7600002"> +</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="241.69862" y="-8.7600002"> ⃗</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="235.28459" y="-8.7600002"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,292.8,62.57)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,299.52,51.43)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="62.57" y="-7.4499998"> ⃗</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.6018238" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.110001" y="-4.9200001"> +</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.45022" y="-4.9200001"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.340813" y="-4.9200001"> ⃗</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.739231" y="-4.9200001"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="43.153988" y="-4.9200001"> +</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="54.509998" y="-4.9200001"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="64.037285" y="-4.9200001"> ,</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="165.23" y="-4.9200001"> (</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="169.39349" y="-4.9200001"> 2</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="175.645" y="-4.9200001"> 。</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="178.77075" y="-4.9200001"> 1</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="185.02225" y="-4.9200001"> )</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span>在哪里<年代vg height="9.875" id="M2" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:7.9749999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 7.9749999 9.875" width="7.9749999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,9.875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-64.1)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>流体密度和吗<年代vg height="12.1375" id="M3" style="vertical-align:-0.11285pt;width:7.9749999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 7.9749999 12.1375" width="7.9749999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.1375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.29)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.52,62.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ⃗</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-6.4265418" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>速度向量。此外,<年代vg height="10.325" id="M4" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:11.75px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.75 10.325" width="11.75" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,<年代vg height="14.925" id="M5" style="vertical-align:-2.34499pt;width:16.2875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16.2875 14.925" width="16.2875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.925)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.06)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,62.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.87809" y="0"> ⃗</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.2765059" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,<年代vg height="15.175" id="M6" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:12.05px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 12.05 15.175" width="12.05" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,15.175)"> <g transform="translate(72,-59.86)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.89,62.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ⃗</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-8.0600004" y="2.54"> </t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>静态压力,重力的身体力量,分别和外部的身体力量。方程(<一个href="#EEq1">2.1</一个>)涉及到两相的体积分数,进入阶段的物理性质如密度和粘度。因此,给出了phase-averaged属性<年代pan class="equation" id="EEq2"> <svg height="41.349998" id="M7" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 41.349998" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,41.35)"> <g transform="translate(72,-38.92)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,167.32,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.7523403" y="0"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.780226" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,195.66,60.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,200.54,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,206.81,60.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,214.47,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.327718" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,232.36,60.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,237.23,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,243.51,60.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,248.39,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-82.699997" y="20.48"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-71.622345" y="20.48"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-59.581951" y="20.48"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,195.37,39.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,200.24,42.72)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,207.48,39.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,215.13,42.72)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,233.03,39.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,237.9,42.72)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,245.14,39.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,250.02,42.72)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="214.73" y="-9.6199999"> (</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="218.89349" y="-9.6199999"> 2</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="225.145" y="-9.6199999"> 。</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="228.27075" y="-9.6199999"> 2</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="234.52225" y="-9.6199999"> )</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span>在哪里<年代vg height="9.875" id="M8" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:7.9749999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 7.9749999 9.875" width="7.9749999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,9.875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-64.1)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<年代vg height="7.1750002" id="M9" style="vertical-align:-0.1254pt;width:8.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.9375 7.1750002" width="8.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.175)"> <g transform="translate(72,-66.26)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>密度和体积分数和下标对应阶段。在每一个控制体积,所有相体积分数的总和等于团结。也就是说,<年代pan class="equation" id="EEq4"> <svg height="48.349998" id="M10" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 48.349998" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,48.35)"> <g transform="translate(72,-33.32)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,187.83,65.61)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,181.93,43.12)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,183.46,35.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="0"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.7169924" y="0"> 1</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,200.16,49.67)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,206.72,46.55)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,213.41,49.67)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 1</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> 。</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="251.34" y="0"> (</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="255.50349" y="0"> 2</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="261.755" y="0"> 。</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="264.88074" y="0"> 3</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="271.13226" y="0"> )</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></p> <p>接口的跟踪完成细胞的体积分数不同于0或1。如果完全注满一个阶段一个细胞,在细胞内相的体积分数等于团结(<年代vg height="10.85" id="M11" style="vertical-align:-0.1254pt;width:36.137501px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 36.137501 10.85" width="36.137501" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.85)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.32)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.515023" y="0"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.555412" y="0"> 1</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>),细胞被认为是主要的流动区域的阶段。一个细胞被认为是在自由表面(界面)体积分数的值在0和1之间(<年代vg height="11.0625" id="M12" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt;width:63.349998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 63.349998 11.0625" width="63.349998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.15)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.7148314" y="0"> <</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.75522" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.282745" y="0"> <</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="44.323135" y="0"> 1</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)。跟踪阶段之间的接口(s)的解决方案是通过连续性方程的体积分数的一个(或多个)阶段。为<年代vg height="9.9250002" id="M13" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt;width:4.9875002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 4.9875002 9.9250002" width="4.9875002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,9.925)"> <g transform="translate(72,-64.06)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>这个方程写成th阶段<年代pan class="equation" id="EEq5"> <svg height="30.737499" id="M14" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 30.737499" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,30.7375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-47.41)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,139.78,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <g> <path d="m 137.82,59.47 10.3,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,137.82,47.59)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.58" y="-6.2399998"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.440001" y="-8.7600002"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3890328" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,163.81,53.22)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,167.03,56.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,173.3,53.22)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,176.52,53.83)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.25" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="44.099998" y="-2.52"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.6300001" y="-2.52"> +</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.970221" y="-2.52"> ∇</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.88558" y="-2.52"> ⋅</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,227.17,53.22)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,230.39,56.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,236.67,53.22)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,246.32,56.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ⃗</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-6.4265418" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,246.17,53.22)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,249.39,53.83)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.3199997" y="-2.52"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.347885" y="-2.52"> 0</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.599386" y="-2.52"> 。</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="215.36" y="-2.52"> (</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="219.5235" y="-2.52"> 2</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="225.77499" y="-2.52"> 。</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="228.90074" y="-2.52"> 4</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="235.15225" y="-2.52"> )</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></p> <p>在目前的研究中,传质方面被忽视(非混相水和空气之间的阶段<一个href="#B18">18</一个>,<gydF4y2B一个一个href="#B19">19</一个>]。然而,受到模型占沿界面表面张力的影响之间的阶段。这些模拟中使用的表面张力模型是连续表面力(CSF)模型,提出了Brackbill [<一个href="#B20">20.</一个>]。可以增强CSF模型的额外处方阶段和墙之间的接触角。墙可以吸收液体(润湿壁)或排斥液体(非润湿壁),和接触角变化取决于墙的疏水性。平衡接触角还取决于墙的平滑度(<一个href="#B20">20.</一个>]。</gydF4y2B一个p> <p>CFD模拟的一个重要部分是使用一个合适的湍流模型。在目前的研究中,基于以前的工作(<一个href="#B21">21</一个>]和CFD模型Khosravi Nikou和Ehsani<一个href="#B17">17</一个>模拟一个结构化的包装),声波测井模型(基线<我>k</gydF4y2B一个我>- - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - -<gydF4y2Ba我>ω</gydF4y2B一个我>模型)用于目前的模拟。的主要问题<我>k</gydF4y2B一个我>- - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - -<gydF4y2Ba我>ω</gydF4y2B一个我>模型是其著名的强烈敏感度自由流条件。这是不可取的,为了解决这个问题,声波测井模型之间的混合<我>k</gydF4y2B一个我>- - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - -<gydF4y2Ba我>ω</gydF4y2B一个我>表面和附近的模型<我>k</gydF4y2B一个我>- - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - -<gydF4y2Ba我>ε</gydF4y2B一个我>模型的外部区域。</gydF4y2B一个p> <p>通常,连续两次迭代之间的相对误差是指定使用收敛性判据的10<年代up>−4</秒up>对于每一个按比例缩小的剩余组件。值得一提的可能所需计算时间为每个3 d模拟运行,大约6 - 7天,这个时间大约是20 - 25小时每2 d仿真运行在奔腾4 CPU上运行4 GB的RAM的四核3.2 GHz。</gydF4y2B一个p> <p>对当前模拟,阶段的空气和水。假定为牛顿流体,等温,和不可压缩;因此,它们的属性保持不变。非稳定态条件下进行计算,0.002秒的时间步直到到达pseudosteady状态。Pseudosteady条件成立时,在网点不改变质量流率。各个阶段的物理性质和几何特征用于模拟表中列出<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jam/2012/917650/tab1/" target="_blank">1</一个>和<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jam/2012/917650/tab2/" target="_blank">2</一个>。</gydF4y2B一个p> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="tab1"> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">表1</秒pan> <a aria-label="View full page" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jam/2012/917650/tab1/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> 系统的物理特性模拟。</d我v> <a class="table-thumb-overlay" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jam/2012/917650/tab1" target="_blank" aria-label="View full page"></a> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="tab2"> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">表2</秒pan> <a aria-label="View full page" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jam/2012/917650/tab2/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> 几何特征的模拟结构包装。</d我v> <a class="table-thumb-overlay" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jam/2012/917650/tab2" target="_blank" aria-label="View full page"></a> </div> </div> <h5 id="sec2.2">2.2。域和网格的安排</h5><gydF4y2B一个p>调查的有效区域,罗查的实验装置等。<一个href="#B22">22</一个>)是用于三维CFD模型的确认和验证。计算空间的CFD模型由34个三角形通道,总数为137跨界车,如图所示<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jam/2012/917650/fig1/" target="_blank">1</一个>。因为包装表面液膜的厚度很小,一个精致的结构网格是用于实现更好的收敛和减少域网格元素的数量。墙附近的网格密度是更准确的测定液膜的厚度,和他们成为粗远离墙壁。</gydF4y2B一个p> <div class="partial-carousel-wrapper"> <div class="floats-partial-section"> <div class="floats-partial-content"> <div class="partial-carousel--full-image partial-carousel-a94f594680aaaa4ed394c1a94e14199a"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/jam/volume-2012/917650/figures/917650.fig.001.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs"> <div class="partial-carousel-dots-a94f594680aaaa4ed394c1a94e14199a partial-carousel-thumbnail"> <button aria-label="Slide to " class="partial-carousel-dot"><img loading="lazy" alt="" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/jam/volume-2012/917650/thumbnails/917650.fig.001_th.jpg"><br><strong></strong></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle--nav"> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev-a94f594680aaaa4ed394c1a94e14199a partial-carousel-next-prev"> <button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-prev"></button> <button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-next"></button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图1</秒pan> <a aria-label="View full page" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jam/2012/917650/fig1/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>模拟和计算域的啮合原理概述三角脸。</td></tr></tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> <p>网格解决方案的独立测试通过使用几种不同网格大小。表<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jam/2012/917650/tab3/" target="_blank">3</一个>显示了预测液膜厚度使用各种网格大小。这个表显示,当细网格使用预测的液膜厚度降低。在粗网格,液膜厚度预测细和介质网格大致接近。细网格上的仿真运行时间需要大量的CPU时间。因此,进行模拟中网格计算六面体的细胞总数的1315200,22100年和17280年的3 d和2 d框架2 Gempak苏尔寿BX以及二维建模,分别。</gydF4y2B一个p> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="tab3"> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">表3</秒pan> <a aria-label="View full page" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jam/2012/917650/tab3/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> 液膜厚度在不同网格大小。</d我v> <a class="table-thumb-overlay" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jam/2012/917650/tab3" target="_blank" aria-label="View full page"></a> </div> </div> <p>研究液膜形成的包装在一个二维的计算框架,罗查的实验装置等。<一个href="#B22">22</一个>和赵等。<一个href="#B23">23</一个>]在Gempak 2 a和苏尔寿BX包装,分别使用。在2 d域,横截面的包装频道获得当两个波形之间的管板垂直切割。</gydF4y2B一个p> <h5 id="sec2.3">2.3。初始和边界条件</h5><gydF4y2B一个p>的3 d模型(罗查et al。<一个href="#B22">22</一个>]设置)较低的一侧包装表,规定的统一入口速度边界条件对空气和水阶段。包装的在这一节中,识别速度入口气体和液体速度在该地区,分别,积极和消极的价值观逆流流动的仿真过程。出口包装表的定义上一边使用压力出口边界条件。在这个边界,出口静压规定。无滑动边界条件用于气体和液体阶段的侧墙包装。计算域被认为是最初充满空气,和水的初始体积分数设置为零。此外,气体和液体速度的初始值是通过包装元素设置为0。</gydF4y2Bap> <p>二维两相流模拟(罗查et al。<一个href="#B22">22</一个>和赵等。<一个href="#B23">23</一个>]),液体和气体入口区域定义了统一的入口速度边界条件。液体和气体的网点与流出边界条件的定义。计算域被认为是最初充满空气,和水的初始体积分数设置为零。在墙上,气相和液相的无滑动边界条件是根据以前的作品。的静态接触角<年代vg height="13.7375" id="M17" style="vertical-align:-2.34499pt;width:47.537498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 47.537498 13.7375" width="47.537498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.7375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.01)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.39)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.8148546" y="0"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.855244" y="0"> 7</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.106745" y="0"> 0</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-37.58,68.56)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ∘</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>也假定。</gydF4y2B一个p> <h4 id="results-and-discussion">3所示。结果与讨论</h4><h5gydF4y2B一个我d="sec3.1">3.1。压降</h5><gydF4y2B一个p>压降是一个重要的测量参数,可用于验证水动力模型的多相系统。这里预测压降与实验数据进行比较。常用的模型确定传质和压降在结构包装是几年前开发的分离研究项目(SRP)的德州大学奥斯丁分校。罗查et al。<一个href="#B22">22</一个>)处理结构化的包装为一个湿的网络墙有效面积列和理论化,压降和贮存应所有相关。他们提议相关的干压降填料后,<年代pan class="equation" id="EEq6"> <svg height="40.900002" id="M18" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 40.900002" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,40.9)"> <g transform="translate(72,-39.28)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,112.71,63.52)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> Δ</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.0271664" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,129.16,60.4)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> d</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> r</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="7.4742079" y="0"> y</t年代pan> </text> <g> <path d="m 112.71,55.6 28.8,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,121.84,43.72)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.34" y="-8.7600002"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45" y="-18"> 0</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="51.251499" y="-18"> 。</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="54.377251" y="-18"> 1</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="60.62875" y="-18"> 7</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="66.880249" y="-18"> 7</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="73.131752" y="-18"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,201.24,58.59)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <g> <path d="m 159.41,55.6 56.36,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,159.41,41.54)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.0021601" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,174.46,44.98)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,179.34,41.55)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1599998" y="0.0099999998"> 年代</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.0236673" y="0.0099999998"> 我</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.499501" y="0.0099999998"> n</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.8265" y="0.0099999998"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.378071" y="0.0099999998"> )</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,210.89,46.8)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,216.96,52.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,227.15,57.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="-1.37" y="9.1499996"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9359839" y="9.1499996"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,239.66,52.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.54" y="-9.2399998"> 8</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.7915" y="-9.2399998"> 8</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.042999" y="-9.2399998"> 。</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.168751" y="-9.2399998"> 7</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.42025" y="-9.2399998"> 7</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.671749" y="-9.2399998"> 4</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="46.923248" y="-9.2399998"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,293.82,58.59)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <g> <path d="m 252.2,55.6 48.72,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,253.94,41.73)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,262.94,46.8)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,267.82,41.73)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.1269503" y="0"> 年代</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.990617" y="0"> 我</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.466452" y="0"> n</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.805952" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.299999" y="-10.75"> ,</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="196.92999" y="-10.75"> (</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="201.09351" y="-10.75"> 3</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="207.345" y="-10.75"> 。</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="210.47075" y="-10.75"> 1</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="216.72224" y="-10.75"> )</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span>在哪里<年代vg height="16.2875" id="M19" style="vertical-align:-4.77652pt;width:25.025px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 25.025 16.2875" width="25.025" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.2875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-58.97)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.14,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.305984" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<我>ε</gydF4y2B一个我>分别是表面气体速度和包装和空隙率<年代vg height="10.725" id="M20" style="vertical-align:-0.1254pt;width:11.375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.375 10.725" width="11.375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.725)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.42)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>代表起皱的维度。</gydF4y2B一个p> <p>提出的灌溉压降也罗查et al。<一个href="#B22">22</一个>),基于一个通用的通道模型<年代pan class="equation" id="EEq7"> <svg height="35.412498" id="M21" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 35.412498" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,35.4125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-43.67)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,96.32,63.52)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> Δ</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.0271664" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,112.78,60.4)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> d</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> r</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="7.465456" y="0"> y</t年代pan> </text> <g> <path d="m 96.32,55.6 28.81,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,105.46,43.72)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.639999" y="-8.7600002"> −</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.18" y="-16.01"> Δ</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.207165" y="-16.01"> </t年代pan> </text> <g> <path d="m 141.64,55.6 18.33,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,145.54,43.72)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.62" y="-6.2399998"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.41" y="-8.7600002"> 1</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.437166" y="-8.7600002"> −</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.777386" y="-8.7600002"> (</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="44.940887" y="-8.7600002"> 0</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="51.192387" y="-8.7600002"> 。</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="54.318134" y="-8.7600002"> 6</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="60.569637" y="-8.7600002"> 1</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="66.821136" y="-8.7600002"> 4</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="75.848305" y="-8.7600002"> +</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="87.201027" y="-8.7600002"> 7</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="93.452522" y="-8.7600002"> 1</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="99.704025" y="-8.7600002"> 。</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="102.82977" y="-8.7600002"> 3</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="109.08128" y="-8.7600002"> 5</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="115.33278" y="-8.7600002"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="123.45972" y="-8.7600002"> )</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="127.62322" y="-8.7600002"> ℎ</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,280.38,49.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,287.07,49.96)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,291.86,60.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 5</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,300.21,52.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 0</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> 。</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="164.53999" y="0"> (</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="168.70351" y="0"> 3</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="174.955" y="0"> 。</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="178.08075" y="0"> 2</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="184.33224" y="0"> )</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></p> <p>CFD结果与相应的实验数据和SRP模型结果。图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jam/2012/917650/fig2/" target="_blank">2</一个>显示了预测干压滴CFD工具和SRP模型<我>F</gydF4y2B一个我>因素,<年代vg height="11.05" id="M22" style="vertical-align:-3.24037pt;width:16.4px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16.4 11.05" width="16.4" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.05)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.16)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-66.02,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>(<年代vg height="11.05" id="M23" style="vertical-align:-3.24037pt;width:16.8375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16.8375 11.05" width="16.8375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.05)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.16)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.67,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)<年代up>0.5</秒up>在结构化的包装。实验数据的罗查et al。<一个href="#B22">22</一个>)复制在这个图比较与CFD结果和SRP模型预测。平均绝对相对误差的CFD干压降约为13.4%。压降的预计偏低的主要原因在图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jam/2012/917650/fig2/" target="_blank">2</一个>是两个连续包装层之间的结效应是不被认为是在模拟。更多细节关于这个效应在Petre et al。(<一个href="#B10">10</一个>)工作。因此,预计偏低的压降呈现模型预期的结果。然而,SRP模型相比略overpredicts压降与实验数据。</gydF4y2B一个p> <div class="partial-carousel-wrapper"> <div class="floats-partial-section"> <div class="floats-partial-content"> <div class="partial-carousel--full-image partial-carousel-2ac546a29fa61b9c5faeee4aef868fbf"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/jam/volume-2012/917650/figures/917650.fig.002.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs"> <div class="partial-carousel-dots-2ac546a29fa61b9c5faeee4aef868fbf partial-carousel-thumbnail"> <button aria-label="Slide to " class="partial-carousel-dot"><img loading="lazy" alt="" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/jam/volume-2012/917650/thumbnails/917650.fig.002_th.jpg"><br><strong></strong></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle--nav"> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev-2ac546a29fa61b9c5faeee4aef868fbf partial-carousel-next-prev"> <button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-prev"></button> <button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-next"></button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图2</秒pan> <a aria-label="View full page" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jam/2012/917650/fig2/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>比较干燥的CFD工具和SRP的压降模型预测和实验数据<一个href="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/jam/volume-2012/917650/figures/917650/">22</一个>)对不同<我>F</gydF4y2B一个我>因素在结构化的包装。</td></tr></tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> <p>图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jam/2012/917650/fig3/" target="_blank">3</一个>描绘了预测灌溉压力滴CFD工具和SRP模型<我>F</gydF4y2B一个我>因素在结构化的包装。实验数据的罗查et al。<一个href="#B22">22</一个>)再次复制在这个图与SRP模型预测和CFD结果。在这个图中,我们可以看到SRP模型高估了中的湿压降<我>F</gydF4y2B一个我>因素高于3.5米/秒(公斤/米<年代up>3</秒up>)<年代up>0.5</秒up>和预测的最好的结果在较低的范围内<我>F</gydF4y2B一个我>因素。然而,CFD结果显示相同的趋势与实验数据尤其是更高<我>F</gydF4y2B一个我>因素。通过洪水地区CFD与SRP模型预测相比,更好的结果。一般来说,在含气液两相流压降互动增加是由于流动方向的变化,气气相互作用。因此,模型预测可以接受的结果的干燥和灌溉压力下降。因此,当前的模型可以用来检查其他水动力参数的行为的结构化的包装。</gydF4y2B一个p> <div class="partial-carousel-wrapper"> <div class="floats-partial-section"> <div class="floats-partial-content"> <div class="partial-carousel--full-image partial-carousel-745a09eb6537a95bda8810803228c429"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/jam/volume-2012/917650/figures/917650.fig.003.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs"> <div class="partial-carousel-dots-745a09eb6537a95bda8810803228c429 partial-carousel-thumbnail"> <button aria-label="Slide to " class="partial-carousel-dot"><img loading="lazy" alt="" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/jam/volume-2012/917650/thumbnails/917650.fig.003_th.jpg"><br><strong></strong></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle--nav"> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev-745a09eb6537a95bda8810803228c429 partial-carousel-next-prev"> <button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-prev"></button> <button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-next"></button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图3</秒pan> <a aria-label="View full page" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jam/2012/917650/fig3/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>比较潮湿的CFD工具和SRP的压降模型预测和实验数据<一个href="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/jam/volume-2012/917650/figures/917650/">22</一个>)对不同<我>F</gydF4y2B一个我>因素在结构化的包装。</td></tr></tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> <h5 id="sec3.2">3.2。有效面积</h5><gydF4y2B一个p>质量传递的有效面积的定义是绝对有效面积除以包装体积(m<年代up>2</秒up>/ m<年代up>3</秒up>)。该参数的值的知识和有效的因素可以用于分离列中包装的设计。在这项研究中,液体的有效面积的评估值贮存每估计基于Iliuta早先的工作液膜厚度和Larachi<一个href="#B24">24</一个>]:<gydF4y2B一个年代pan class="equation" id="EEq8"> <svg height="37.224998" id="M24" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 37.224998" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,37.225)"> <g transform="translate(72,-42.22)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,180.87,54.27)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,187.15,51.14)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,195.01,54.27)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.940001" y="-9.1400003"> ℎ</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,220.16,60.28)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <g> <path d="m 208.25,57.4 23.31,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,208.25,45.52)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,214.04,42.39)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> C</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.837584" y="0"> F</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.703696" y="0"> D</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,232.75,54.27)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="232" y="0"> (</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="236.1635" y="0"> 3</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="242.41499" y="0"> 。</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="245.54076" y="0"> 3</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="251.79225" y="0"> )</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span>在哪里<年代vg height="11.05" id="M25" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:13.4625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 13.4625 11.05" width="13.4625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.05)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.16)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.67,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<年代vg height="14.625" id="M26" style="vertical-align:-3.25792pt;width:29.262501px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 29.262501 14.625" width="29.262501" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.3)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-66.16,60.47)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> C</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.837584" y="0"> F</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.703696" y="0"> D</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>代表包装的有效面积和平均液膜厚度。进行模拟的水表面速度0.007米/秒,不同气体容量因素(<年代vg height="20.4125" id="M27" style="vertical-align:-5.6518pt;width:82.112503px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 82.112503 20.4125" width="82.112503" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,20.4125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-55.67)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,61.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.22,58.23)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-56.4,61.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-38.44,58.23)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-31.34,58.96)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> √</t年代pan> </text> <g> <path d="m -19.74,70.71 13.38,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-19.74,61.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-13.46,58.23)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)。基于评估流淌的平均厚度,确定液体流淌的表面积。</gydF4y2B一个p> <p>图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jam/2012/917650/fig4/" target="_blank">4</一个>比较了CFD结果预测有效界面面积的比值填料表面积(<年代vg height="16.6" id="M28" style="vertical-align:-4.74141pt;width:31.625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 31.625 16.6" width="31.625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.6)"> <g transform="translate(72,-58.72)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.67,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-61.28,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> /</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="3.4758339" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-51.53,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)Brunazzi et al。<一个href="#B25">25</一个>)的相关性。使用相关建议Brunazzi et al。<一个href="#B25">25</一个>)只需要一个简单的实验估计的液体滞留。的关系如下:<年代pan class="equation" id="EEq9"> <svg height="51.612499" id="M29" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 51.612499" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,51.6125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-30.71)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,115.59,56.1)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,121.87,52.97)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <g> <path d="m 115.4,49.99 11.06,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,115.4,38.11)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,121.68,34.98)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,131.12,46.86)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.24" y="-11.04"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,151.01,54.77)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> e</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.8858881" y="0"> 问</t年代pan> </text> <g> <path d="m 144.36,49.99 15.41,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,148.94,38.11)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 4</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.03" y="-1.42"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.6" y="-17.889999"> ℎ</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,178.75,52.88)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <g> <path d="m 171.54,49.99 13.91,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,175.47,38.11)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.17" y="-1.42"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,196.02,62.08)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> 。</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.5640001" y="0"> 5</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,207.46,37.13)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.46" y="-18.870001"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,223.2,52.88)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,229.89,56)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.1514759" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.202928" y="0"> (</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.366426" y="0"> 年代</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.230095" y="0"> 我</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.705929" y="0"> n</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.032925" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.584499" y="0"> )</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,273.65,61.26)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代pan> </text> <g> <path d="m 216.92,49.99 61.6,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,231.32,38.11)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 3</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.2515001" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,244.81,34.98)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,251.5,38.11)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,257.43,34.98)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,279.72,37.13)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,287.98,65.93)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> 。</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.5640001" y="0"> 5</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,299.42,46.86)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 。</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="165.33" y="0"> (</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="169.4935" y="0"> 3</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="175.745" y="0"> 。</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="178.87074" y="0"> 4</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="185.12225" y="0"> )</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></p> <div class="partial-carousel-wrapper"> <div class="floats-partial-section"> <div class="floats-partial-content"> <div class="partial-carousel--full-image partial-carousel-9677f24bcb4f4440e6971c64fa0537b3"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/jam/volume-2012/917650/figures/917650.fig.004.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs"> <div class="partial-carousel-dots-9677f24bcb4f4440e6971c64fa0537b3 partial-carousel-thumbnail"> <button aria-label="Slide to " class="partial-carousel-dot"><img loading="lazy" alt="" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/jam/volume-2012/917650/thumbnails/917650.fig.004_th.jpg"><br><strong></strong></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle--nav"> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev-9677f24bcb4f4440e6971c64fa0537b3 partial-carousel-next-prev"> <button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-prev"></button> <button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-next"></button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图4</秒pan> <a aria-label="View full page" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jam/2012/917650/fig4/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>对比CFD结果和Brunazzi模型通过增加气体速度。</td></tr></tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> <p>仿真结果表明,在预压区,有效面积是一个薄弱的气体流速的函数。这是由于气相和液相之间的弱相互作用。可以看出,增加表面气体速度、包装的有效面积增加,导致相应的传质速率增加。在气体流量系数3.68 m / s(公斤/米<年代up>3</秒up>),有效面积等于填料表面积。另一方面,更高的气体速度增加液体流动的不稳定性,导致更高的有效界面面积。Brunazzi et al。<一个href="#B25">25</一个>)相关预测有效面积的增加和显示与CFD结果吻合很好。我们可以看到在图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jam/2012/917650/fig4/" target="_blank">4</一个>能力高于3.25,Brunazzi et al。<一个href="#B25">25</一个>overpredicts]相关的有效面积与CFD结果进行比较。也看到,计算曲线的斜率的Brunazzi et al。<一个href="#B25">25</一个>相关性增加突然因为实验耽误这种相关性反映间接气体速度的效果。</gydF4y2B一个p> <p>因为它是图所示<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jam/2012/917650/fig4/" target="_blank">4</一个>计算部分区域,<年代vg height="16.6" id="M30" style="vertical-align:-4.74141pt;width:31.625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 31.625 16.6" width="31.625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.6)"> <g transform="translate(72,-58.72)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.67,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-61.28,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> /</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="3.4758339" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-51.53,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,大约是常数范围内的气体速度(<年代vg height="14.3625" id="M31" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:15.225px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 15.225 14.3625" width="15.225" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.51)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.22,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)从2.4到680 m / s(公斤/米<年代up>3</秒up>),但它增加而增加气速(<年代vg height="14.7125" id="M32" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:61.962502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 61.962502 14.7125" width="61.962502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.23)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.22,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-56.4,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ></t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 2</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> 。</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.405136" y="0"> 4</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.656635" y="0"> 1</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>米/秒(公斤/米<年代up>3</秒up>))。因此得出结论,除了液体流量、规整填料界面区域适度受到气体流速的影响。</gydF4y2B一个p> <p>液体包装表面的分布是一个复杂的现象。图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jam/2012/917650/fig5/" target="_blank">5</一个>说明制波纹板上的液体分布区域。乾湿斑的存在都在包装表面明显从这个图。这不仅图表明,液体流动的通道也已提供但流入其他渠道。即液体与相邻流和混合包装表面被一层薄薄的液体覆盖层。</gydF4y2B一个p> <div class="partial-carousel-wrapper"> <div class="floats-partial-section"> <div class="floats-partial-content"> <div class="partial-carousel--full-image partial-carousel-7ff0bc1dba72faefc513d0f0b37faf2f"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/jam/volume-2012/917650/figures/917650.fig.005.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs"> <div class="partial-carousel-dots-7ff0bc1dba72faefc513d0f0b37faf2f partial-carousel-thumbnail"> <button aria-label="Slide to " class="partial-carousel-dot"><img loading="lazy" alt="" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/jam/volume-2012/917650/thumbnails/917650.fig.005_th.jpg"><br><strong></strong></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle--nav"> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev-7ff0bc1dba72faefc513d0f0b37faf2f partial-carousel-next-prev"> <button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-prev"></button> <button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-next"></button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图5</秒pan> <a aria-label="View full page" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jam/2012/917650/fig5/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>典型的液体流动制波纹板的表面。</td></tr></tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> <p>在这一步中,层流条件与假设气相不流包装。因此,气相被认为是停滞不前的零速度和不影响液体流动。这种假设可能是一个合理的近似由于气流开始有小包装液体流动的影响。</gydF4y2B一个p> <p>填料塔的效率很大程度上取决于包装内液体的流动行为。图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jam/2012/917650/fig6/" target="_blank">6</一个>表明CFD结果之间的比较与Brunazzi et al。<一个href="#B25">25</一个>)相关性对液体负荷。这幅图显示了通过增加液体负荷,有效面积增加Brunazzi et al。<一个href="#B25">25</一个>)相关性以及仿真结果。当整个表面液膜覆盖,有效面积(<年代vg height="11.05" id="M33" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:13.4625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 13.4625 11.05" width="13.4625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.05)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.16)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.67,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)基本上没有变化。面积比,CFD结果和Brunazzi et al。<一个href="#B25">25</一个>)相关性导致值不超过一个。</gydF4y2B一个p> <div class="partial-carousel-wrapper"> <div class="floats-partial-section"> <div class="floats-partial-content"> <div class="partial-carousel--full-image partial-carousel-273d260a78a651f0a837a05d63afe08f"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/jam/volume-2012/917650/figures/917650.fig.006.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs"> <div class="partial-carousel-dots-273d260a78a651f0a837a05d63afe08f partial-carousel-thumbnail"> <button aria-label="Slide to " class="partial-carousel-dot"><img loading="lazy" alt="" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/jam/volume-2012/917650/thumbnails/917650.fig.006_th.jpg"><br><strong></strong></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle--nav"> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev-273d260a78a651f0a837a05d63afe08f partial-carousel-next-prev"> <button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-prev"></button> <button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-next"></button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图6</秒pan> <a aria-label="View full page" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jam/2012/917650/fig6/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>对比CFD结果和Brunazzi模型通过增加液体负荷。</td></tr></tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> <p>的可能性<年代vg height="16.6" id="M34" style="vertical-align:-4.74141pt;width:31.625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 31.625 16.6" width="31.625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.6)"> <g transform="translate(72,-58.72)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.67,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-61.28,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> /</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="3.4758339" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-51.53,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>比率超过统一没有显式地在文献中讨论。这里应该注意<年代vg height="16.6" id="M35" style="vertical-align:-4.74141pt;width:31.625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 31.625 16.6" width="31.625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.6)"> <g transform="translate(72,-58.72)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.67,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-61.28,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> /</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="3.4758339" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-51.53,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>比率高于各种气液混合设备是可能的。喷淋塔就是一个例子,这个比例非常大(<一个href="#B26">26</一个>]。最近,一些研究人员估计的有效界面区结构包装,<年代vg height="16.6" id="M36" style="vertical-align:-4.74141pt;width:31.625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 31.625 16.6" width="31.625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.6)"> <g transform="translate(72,-58.72)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.67,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-61.28,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> /</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="3.4758339" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-51.53,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>洪水的比率高于统一政权(<一个href="#B26">26</一个>,<gydF4y2B一个一个href="#B27">27</一个>]。</gydF4y2B一个p> <p>Brunazzi et al。<一个href="#B25">25</一个>)模型预测增加有效面积增加液体加载。可以看出,模型是在良好的协议与CFD结果特别是在中间范围的液体载荷。</gydF4y2B一个p> <p>由于气流速度是假定为零,液相形成薄膜在包装表面向下流动。因此,有效面积就等于填料表面积。模拟的结果显示在图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jam/2012/917650/fig6/" target="_blank">6</一个>还表明,流速的109.8米<年代up>3</秒up>/ m<年代up>2</秒up>h,当<年代vg height="12.925" id="M37" style="vertical-align:-4.74141pt;width:46.662498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 46.662498 12.925" width="46.662498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.925)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.66)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.67,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-57.81,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-39.49,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,总完全包装表面被水覆盖。</gydF4y2B一个p> <p>作为一个重要的结果,Brunazzi et al。<一个href="#B25">25</一个>)模型,推导出基于几个参数,如液体贮存价值、几何参数和物理特性的气体和液体阶段,准确预测界面区域没有引入任何可调参数。正如之前提到的,它可以强调Brunazzi et al。<一个href="#B25">25</一个>)模型是独立于包装类型。</gydF4y2B一个p> <p>一些研究人员已经研究了不同结构的有效界面面积包装通过实验和使用一些发表实证模型(<一个href="#B28">28</一个>- - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - -<gydF4y2Ba一个href="#B30">30.</一个>]。他们已经发现了类似的趋势(定性协议),这项研究的结果(数据<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jam/2012/917650/fig4/" target="_blank">4</一个>和<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jam/2012/917650/fig6/" target="_blank">6</一个>这一项定量的)和不同的价值观。各种包装的性能的差异可能是由于不良包装液体池和桥接。</gydF4y2B一个p> <h5 id="sec3.3">3.3。液体流动模式</h5><gydF4y2B一个p>通过结构化验证液体流型包装使用CFD分析,x射线投影实验工作的玛鲁和新<一个href="#B16">16</一个>)是用于一个简单的比较。玛鲁和新(<一个href="#B16">16</一个>)研究中,洞在包装密封为了保持这两个表之间的液体。液相CFD模型预测结果的行为证实了玛鲁和新<一个href="#B16">16</一个>)发现。他们没有考虑气体流量测量与当前的研究。他们发现,创建了液膜在包装内双方表面上。他们的发现是符合当前的数值结果(图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jam/2012/917650/fig7/" target="_blank">7</一个>)。玛鲁和新<一个href="#B16">16</一个>)观察到低液体流量的大部分液体进行主要沿流路径的±19°角对轴向方向。只有少量的液体保存在起皱的凹槽由于表面张力,和大量的液相流动沿灌水沟±42°角向两边。局部最小值的液体滞留下面发现直接注入点。实验结果还表明,液相扩散更多的向两边相比直接向下流动的注入点。</gydF4y2B一个p> <div class="partial-carousel-wrapper"> <div class="floats-partial-section"> <div class="floats-partial-content"> <div class="partial-carousel--full-image partial-carousel-ff57e64e63a0ae320bc84d6cd9f09719"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/jam/volume-2012/917650/figures/917650.fig.007.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs"> <div class="partial-carousel-dots-ff57e64e63a0ae320bc84d6cd9f09719 partial-carousel-thumbnail"> <button aria-label="Slide to " class="partial-carousel-dot"><img loading="lazy" alt="" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/jam/volume-2012/917650/thumbnails/917650.fig.007_th.jpg"><br><strong></strong></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle--nav"> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev-ff57e64e63a0ae320bc84d6cd9f09719 partial-carousel-next-prev"> <button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-prev"></button> <button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-next"></button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图7</秒pan> <a aria-label="View full page" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jam/2012/917650/fig7/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>计算液膜流动之间的平面两张Gempak 2使用CFD结构化的包装。</td></tr></tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> <p>图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jam/2012/917650/fig7/" target="_blank">7</一个>显示了预测液膜流动在飞机上整个包装Gempak 2结构化元素包装。的液体流过波纹板的边长频道,混合,在两个表的接触点重新分配。混合点,膜厚度增加和减少定期约,由于液体流动方向的突然改变,与相邻流混合液体。此外,液体在图的分布<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jam/2012/917650/fig7/" target="_blank">7</一个>在玛鲁和新<一个href="#B16">16</一个>)是对称的轴向方向注射点。</gydF4y2B一个p> <h5 id="sec3.4">3.4。液膜厚度</h5><gydF4y2B一个p>两套二维模拟两相流。对于第一种情况,赵等人的实验条件。<一个href="#B23">23</一个>]苏尔寿BX包装评估的模型。计算大小分布的液膜厚度沿苏尔寿BX填料表面如图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jam/2012/917650/fig8/" target="_blank">8</一个>液体的速度0.0101米/秒<我>F</gydF4y2B一个我>因子为0.8米/秒(公斤/米<年代up>3</秒up>)<年代up>0.5</秒up>。从图可以看出,液膜厚度不均匀。通过努塞尔特膜厚度之间的比较,获得了基于均匀的液膜厚度,和该地区平均计算膜厚度低于装运,发现偏差约为35%。平均计算液膜厚度为0.00027米。</gydF4y2B一个p> <div class="partial-carousel-wrapper"> <div class="floats-partial-section"> <div class="floats-partial-content"> <div class="partial-carousel--full-image partial-carousel-6de27f8a2312552e9d120af60d1aa207"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/jam/volume-2012/917650/figures/917650.fig.008.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs"> <div class="partial-carousel-dots-6de27f8a2312552e9d120af60d1aa207 partial-carousel-thumbnail"> <button aria-label="Slide to " class="partial-carousel-dot"><img loading="lazy" alt="" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/jam/volume-2012/917650/thumbnails/917650.fig.008_th.jpg"><br><strong></strong></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle--nav"> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev-6de27f8a2312552e9d120af60d1aa207 partial-carousel-next-prev"> <button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-prev"></button> <button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-next"></button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图8</秒pan> <a aria-label="View full page" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jam/2012/917650/fig8/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>预测液膜厚度沿包装苏尔寿BX液体速度为0.0101米/秒<我>F</gydF4y2B一个我>因子为0.8米/秒(公斤/米<年代up>3</秒up>)<年代up>0.5</秒up>。</td></tr></tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> <p>在第二组研究中,实验条件的罗查et al。<一个href="#B22">22</一个>2]Gempak包装模拟。液体体积分数计算计数器的2 d模型Gempak a和苏尔寿BX如图2<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jam/2012/917650/fig9/" target="_blank">9</一个>。这里的液体速度和<我>F</gydF4y2B一个我>因素分别是0.007 m / s, 2.2 m / s(公斤/米<年代up>3</秒up>)<年代up>0.5</秒up>。从这个图上的液体薄膜包装表面清晰可见,不同的厚度。膜厚度的不均匀性也可以观察到三维模型的结果(图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jam/2012/917650/fig7/" target="_blank">7</一个>)。图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jam/2012/917650/fig9/" target="_blank">9</一个>然而,表明液膜厚度在2 Gempak包装苏尔寿BX相比更为统一。也见过液膜厚在十字路口的盘子和随距离而减小。此外,液膜厚度在2 Gempak包装比苏尔寿BX更薄。短号尤其如此。当包装的尺寸变得更大,2 Gempak、液体厚度减少为一个常数液体负荷由于包装表面覆盖广泛的液相。这种行为是合理的;由于包装的尺寸会影响液膜厚度。</gydF4y2Bap> <div class="partial-carousel-wrapper"> <div class="floats-partial-section"> <div class="floats-partial-content"> <div class="partial-carousel--full-image partial-carousel-14c021156642675e221bba8cf5cddd26"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/jam/volume-2012/917650/figures/917650.fig.009.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs"> <div class="partial-carousel-dots-14c021156642675e221bba8cf5cddd26 partial-carousel-thumbnail"> <button aria-label="Slide to " class="partial-carousel-dot"><img loading="lazy" alt="" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/jam/volume-2012/917650/thumbnails/917650.fig.009_th.jpg"><br><strong></strong></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle--nav"> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev-14c021156642675e221bba8cf5cddd26 partial-carousel-next-prev"> <button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-prev"></button> <button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-next"></button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图9</秒pan> <a aria-label="View full page" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jam/2012/917650/fig9/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>轮廓的液体体积分数为2 d建模Gempak 2 a和苏尔寿BX (<年代vg height="14.6" id="M38" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 74.0625 14.6" width="74.0625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.6)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.32)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.14,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-52.97,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 0</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> 。</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.405136" y="0"> 0</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.656635" y="0"> 0</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.908134" y="0"> 7</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>米/秒;<我>F</gydF4y2B一个我>- - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - -<gydF4y2Ba年代vg height="10.975" id="M39" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 75.0625 10.975" width="75.0625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.975)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.22)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.41)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> f</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="3.8384211" y="0"> 一个</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.3897533" y="0"> c</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.941085" y="0"> t</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.391912" y="0"> o</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.643414" y="0"> r</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.270245" y="0"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="44.310631" y="0"> 2</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="50.562134" y="0"> 。</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="53.687881" y="0"> 2</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>米/秒(公斤/米<年代up>3</秒up>)<年代up>0.5</秒up>。</td></tr></tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> <h4 id="conclusions">4所示。结论</h4><gydF4y2B一个p>逆流的CFD模型两相流动在一个结构化的包装验证与实验数据相比,著名的实证模型Brunazzi et al。<一个href="#B25">25</一个>]和SRP [<一个href="#B22">22</一个>]。CFD模型描述的流体动力学参数的影响,如气体速度和液体有效传质面积上的负载。仿真结果表明,气体流量对传质性能的一个重要因素。增加气流的动能增加液体滞留在液膜产生不稳定,表面波纹的形成,和创建的水滴,导致更高的界面面积,从而提高了效率。增加引起的液体润湿填料表面的增加,直到液体覆盖整个表面。除此之外,增加的速度很小。此外,模拟表明CFD模型能够确定最小流量为整个填料表面覆盖着液体。CFD工具强调的一般适用性Brunazzi et al。<一个href="#B25">25</一个>)各种类型的结构化模型包装在不同的气体和液体流率。</gydF4y2B一个p> <p>研究填料表面的液膜流动的CFD模拟可能导致更好的理解的作用有效的参数对气液传质。包装表面液膜形成的过程,详细研究了影响液膜厚度和参数进行了讨论。表明,结构化的两张包装内,液膜的最大厚度是表的接触点附近的液体在波纹表面重新分配。这种行为是观察到的2 d和3 d建模。CFD显示包装的尺寸可能会影响液膜厚度。此外,考虑到均匀的液膜厚度,努塞尔特假设在结构化的包装是不可接受的。这个问题在2 d和3 d建模。</gydF4y2Bap> <h4 id="nomenclature">命名法</h4><t一个ble class="gloss-abbr" style="font-size:12px"> <tbody> <tr> <td align="left"><i>一个</我>:</td><tdgydF4y2Ba一个lign="left">包装类型和尺度依赖的常数</td></tr><tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="11.05" id="M40" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:18.674999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 18.674999 11.05" width="18.674999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.05)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.16)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-67.78,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-61.51,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>:</td><td一个lign="left">有效传质面积,m<年代up>2</秒up>/ m<年代up>3</秒up></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="10.925" id="M41" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:16.3375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16.3375 10.925" width="16.3375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.925)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.26)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.67,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>:</td><td一个lign="left">有效的液体流动的角度</td></tr><tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="12.925" id="M42" style="vertical-align:-4.74141pt;width:13.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 13.9375 12.925" width="13.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.925)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.66)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.67,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>:</td><td一个lign="left">特定区域的包装,m<年代up>2</秒up>/ m<年代up>3</秒up></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"><i>b</我>:</td><tdgydF4y2Ba一个lign="left">起皱基本维度,m</td></tr><tr> <td align="left"><i>B</我>:</td><tdgydF4y2Ba一个lign="left">包装类型和尺度依赖的常数</td></tr><tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="16.85" id="M43" style="vertical-align:-5.03984pt;width:19.387501px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 19.387501 16.85" width="19.387501" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.85)"> <g transform="translate(72,-58.52)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.3,60.47)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> e</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.8858881" y="0"> 问</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>:</td><td一个lign="left">当量直径的流动通道</td></tr><tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="14.5875" id="M44" style="vertical-align:-3.22282pt;width:15.375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 15.375 14.5875" width="15.375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.5875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.33)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.3,60.47)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ℎ</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>:</td><td一个lign="left">水力直径的包装所定义的<年代vg height="16.6" id="M45" style="vertical-align:-4.74141pt;width:33.662498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 33.662498 16.6" width="33.662498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.6)"> <g transform="translate(72,-58.72)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 4</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.2515001" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.302952" y="0"> /</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.778786" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-49.89,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="15.175" id="M46" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:12.05px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 12.05 15.175" width="12.05" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,15.175)"> <g transform="translate(72,-59.86)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.89,62.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ⃗</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-8.0600004" y="2.54"> </t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>:</td><td一个lign="left">额外的部队在navier - stokes方程,N</td></tr><tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="14.3625" id="M47" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:15.225px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 15.225 14.3625" width="15.225" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.51)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.22,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>:</td><td一个lign="left">天然气产能的因素,<年代vg height="11.05" id="M48" style="vertical-align:-3.24037pt;width:16.4px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16.4 11.05" width="16.4" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.05)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.16)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-66.02,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>(<年代vg height="11.05" id="M49" style="vertical-align:-3.24037pt;width:16.8375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16.8375 11.05" width="16.8375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.05)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.16)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.67,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)<年代up>0.5</秒up>米/秒(公斤/米<年代up>3</秒up>)<年代up>0.5</秒up></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"><i>g</我>:</td><tdgydF4y2Ba一个lign="left">重力加速度,m / s<年代up>2</秒up></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"><i>h</我>:</td><tdgydF4y2Ba一个lign="left">皱状卷曲高度,m</td></tr><tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="14.7125" id="M50" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:17.512501px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.512501 14.7125" width="17.512501" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.23)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.41)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ℎ</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.74,60.28)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>:</td><td一个lign="left">液体滞留,</td></tr><tr> <td align="left"><i>P</我>:</td><tdgydF4y2Ba一个lign="left">压力</td></tr><tr> <td align="left"><i>年代</我>:</td><tdgydF4y2Ba一个lign="left">起皱边长度,m</td></tr><tr> <td align="left"><i>t</我>:</td><tdgydF4y2Ba一个lign="left">时间,年代</td></tr><tr> <td align="left"><i>u</我>:</td><tdgydF4y2Ba一个lign="left">速度,m / s</td></tr><tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="16.2875" id="M51" style="vertical-align:-4.77652pt;width:25.025px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 25.025 16.2875" width="25.025" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.2875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-58.97)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.14,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.305984" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>:</td><td一个lign="left">表面的气体速度,m / s</td></tr><tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="12.175" id="M52" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt;width:7.3125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 7.3125 12.175" width="7.3125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.175)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.26)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.79,62.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ⃗</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-6.1514759" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>:</td><td一个lign="left">速度矢量</td></tr><tr> <td align="left">Z:</td><td一个lign="left">包装高度,m。</td></tr></tbody> </table> <span class="GlossGroup-title"><i class="GlossGroup-title">无量纲数</我></秒pan> <table class="gloss-abbr" style="font-size:12px"> <tbody> <tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="17.7875" id="M53" style="vertical-align:-3.22282pt;width:74.175003px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 74.175003 17.7875" width="74.175003" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,17.7875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-57.77)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,61.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> F</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.9391651" y="0"> r</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.565995" y="0"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.606384" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-39.41,66.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-34.54,61.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> /</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="3.4758339" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.6273098" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-18.26,57.91)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ℎ</t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>:</td><td一个lign="left">弗劳德数</td></tr><tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="14.7125" id="M54" style="vertical-align:-3.22282pt;width:73.675003px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 73.675003 14.7125" width="73.675003" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.23)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> R</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.3395014" y="0"> e</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.442165" y="0"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.482553" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.408978" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-27.89,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ℎ</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-22.34,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> /</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="3.4758339" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>:</td><td一个lign="left">雷诺数</td></tr><tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="17.7875" id="M55" style="vertical-align:-3.22282pt;width:90.387497px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 90.387497 17.7875" width="90.387497" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,17.7875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-57.77)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,61.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> W</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.052652" y="0"> e</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.067314" y="0"> =</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.107704" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-33.91,66.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-29.03,61.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.2765059" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-16.11,57.91)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ℎ</t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-10.56,61.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> /</t年代pan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="3.4758339" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>:</td><td一个lign="left">韦伯数</td></tr></tbody> </table> <span class="GlossGroup-title"><i class="GlossGroup-title">希腊字母</我></秒pan> <table class="gloss-abbr" style="font-size:12px"> <tbody> <tr> <td align="left"><i><i>α</我></我>:</td><td一个lign="left">体积分数,</td></tr><tr> <td align="left"><i><i>γ</我></我>:</td><td一个lign="left">静态接触角、学位</td></tr><tr> <td align="left"><i><i>δ</我></我>:</td><td一个lign="left">液膜厚度,毫米</td></tr><tr> <td align="left"><i><i>ε</我></我>:</td><td一个lign="left">包装空隙率,</td></tr><tr> <td align="left"><i><i>θ</我></我>:</td><td一个lign="left">起皱角(的水平),学位</td></tr><tr> <td align="left"><i><i>μ</我></我>:</td><td一个lign="left">粘度、Pa授予</td></tr><tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="11" id="M56" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:15.5625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 15.5625 11" width="15.5625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.2)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-66.3,63.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>:</td><td一个lign="left">液体的运动粘度,m<年代up>2</秒up>/秒</td></tr><tr> <td align="left"> <svg height="10.925" id="M57" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:16.3375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16.3375 10.925" width="16.3375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.925)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.26)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.67,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代pan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>:</td><td一个lign="left">液体密度,公斤/米<年代up>3</秒up></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"><i><i>σ</我></我>:</td><td一个lign="left">表面张力,N / m</td></tr><tr> <td align="left"><i>Ω</我>:</td><tdgydF4y2Ba一个lign="left">包装表面空隙率。</td></tr></tbody> </table> <span class="GlossGroup-title"><i class="GlossGroup-title">下标</我></秒pan> <table class="gloss-abbr" style="font-size:12px"> <tbody> <tr> <td align="left"><i>G</我>:</td><tdgydF4y2Ba一个lign="left">气相</td></tr><tr> <td align="left"><i>我</我>:</td><tdgydF4y2Ba一个lign="left">指数</td></tr><tr> <td align="left"><i>l</我>:</td><tdgydF4y2Ba一个lign="left">液相</td></tr><tr> <td align="left"><i>n</我>:</td><tdgydF4y2Ba一个lign="left">数量的阶段。</td></tr></tbody> </table> </div> </div> <div class="ArticleReferences_xmlContent__p_40j"> <h4 class="ArticleReferences_references__GH2t_" id="references">引用</h4><ogydF4y2B一个l class="ArticleReferences_orderedReferences__mJr9M"> <li class="ArticleReferences_articleReference__ouEuh" id="B1"> <div class="referenceContent"> <p class="referenceText">z Olujic, m . behren l·科利,a . 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Olujic“结构化包装performance-experimental评价两种预测模型,”<我>工业化学与工程化学研究</我>,39卷,不。6,1788 - 1796年,2000页。</gydF4y2B一个p>视图:<gydF4y2B一个!-- --> <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Structured%20packing%20performance%E2%80%94experimental%20evaluation%20of%20two%20predictive%20models&author=J.%20R.%20Fair&author=A.%20F.%20Seibert&author=M.%20Behrens&author=P.%20P.%20Saraber&author=Z.%20Olujic&publication_year=2000" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">谷歌学术搜索</一个></d我v></li> </ol> </div> <h4 class="copyright-title" id="copyright">版权</h4><d我v class="copyright-body"> 版权©2012赛义德Shojaee et al。这是一个开放的分布式下文章<一个rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/">知识共享归属许可</一个>,它允许无限制的使用、分配和复制在任何媒介,提供最初的工作是正确引用。</d我v> <div id="related-articles"></div> </div> </div> <div class="ant-col ThreeColumnLayout_rightColumn__b_MuL"> <div> <div> <div class="ArticleRightSection_articleRightSection__rG8Zh"> <div class="ArticleToolbar_articleToolbar__8fsAH"> <a 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