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<span>体积2008年|</年代p一个n> <span>文章的ID573425年|</年代p一个n> <span class="articleHeader__meta_doiLink"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1155/2008/573425" aria-label="Doi-link" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://doi.org/10.1155/2008/573425</一个></年代p一个n> </div> <div class="simpleShowMore"> <button class="simpleShowMore__button">显示引用</button> </div> <h1 class="articleHeader__title">不稳定驻点流动的粘弹性流体在磁场的存在</h1> <div class="articleHeader__authors"> <span class="articleHeader__authors_author"><strong>f . Labropulu</年代trong><a href="//www.newsama.com/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection" aria-label="Mail Option"><span role="img" class="anticon"> <svg version="1.0" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em" viewbox="0 0 1401 1101"> <path fill="#6ba439" d="M132.5 2.1C101.4 6 71.1 20.5 48.3 42.4c-22.7 21.7-37.5 48.3-44.6 80l-2.2 10.1v837l2.2 10.1c6.7 30 19.3 53.9 39.8 75.3 23.3 24.3 56.4 40.9 90 45 12.8 1.6 1122.2 1.6 1135 0 38.9-4.8 75.9-25.6 100-56.4 15-19.3 24.2-39 29.8-63.9l2.2-10.1v-837l-2.2-10.1c-7.1-31.8-21.9-58.3-44.6-80.1-20.2-19.2-43.9-31.7-73.6-38.5l-9.6-2.3L705 1.4c-321.9-.1-568.5.2-572.5.7zm1123.4 99.5c1.7.4 3.1 1 3.1 1.4 0 .5-125.6 87.7-279 194L700.9 490.2 422 297C268.5 190.7 143 103.4 143 103c0-.5 1-1.1 2.3-1.3 3.5-.7 1107.1-.8 1110.6-.1zM401 404c164.4 113.8 299.4 207 300 207 .6 0 135.6-93.2 300.1-207 164.5-113.9 299.3-207 299.5-207 .2 0 .4 170.9.4 379.7 0 417.9.5 386-6.1 398.3-6.2 11.6-19 21.4-31.9 24.4-5.8 1.4-67.4 1.6-562 1.6s-556.2-.2-562-1.6c-12.9-3-25.7-12.8-31.9-24.4-6.6-12.3-6.1 19.6-6.1-398.3 0-208.8.2-379.7.5-379.7S236.6 290.1 401 404z"></path> </svg></span></a><sup>1</年代up></span> </div> <div class="simpleShowMore"> <button class="simpleShowMore__button">显示更多</button> </div> <div class="articleHeader__academicEditor"> <strong>学术编辑器:</年代trong> <span>汉斯断</年代p一个n> </div> <div class="articleHeader__timeline"> <div class="articleHeader__timeline_item "> <strong>收到了</年代trong> <span>2008年6月26日</年代p一个n> </div> <div class="articleHeader__timeline_item "> <strong>修改后的</年代trong> <span>2008年10月29日</年代p一个n> </div> <div class="articleHeader__timeline_item "> <strong>接受</年代trong> <span>2008年12月20日</年代p一个n> </div> <div class="articleHeader__timeline_item articleHeader__timeline_item_sticky"> <strong>发表</年代trong> <span>2009年3月05</年代p一个n> </div> </div> </div> <div class="articleBody"> <div class="xml-content"> <h4 class="header" id="abstract">文摘</h4> <p>沃尔特斯B的非定常二维驻点流动的流体侵犯无限板的横向磁场检测和解决方案。它假定无限板<年代vg height="13.55" id="M1" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:35.075001px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 35.075001 13.55" width="35.075001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.55)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.16)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.6648188" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.705208" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>使谐波振荡的飞机。采用有限差分方法和解决方案的小型和大型频率振荡获得了哈特曼的不同值的数量和韦森伯数。</p><年代p一个n class="end-abs"></span> <h4 id="introduction">1。介绍</h4> <p>在过去的几十年里,非牛顿粘弹性液体已经成为越来越重要的工业。在这些液体的液体diffferential类型如沃尔特斯B液(<一个href="#B1">1</一个>]。粘弹性流体的行为由牛顿流体模型不能准确地描述。非牛顿流体的运动方程是高度非线性和一阶高于navier - stokes方程。出于这个原因,边界条件除了防滑条件必须有一个适定问题。只有在某些特殊情况下,这些方程的高阶非线性项可以忽视从而减少他们的订单,是“无衬”条件足以产生独特的解决方案。一般来说,Rajagopal [<一个href="#B2">2</一个>),和古普塔(<一个href="#B3">3</一个>],Rajagopal [<一个href="#B4">4</一个>]和Rajagopal Kaloni [<一个href="#B5">5</一个>]表明,缺乏这个附加边界条件导致非唯一解问题涉及流体的流动微分型如沃尔特斯在有限域B液。</p><p>不可压缩粘性流体的流动在一个移动的板在许多工业应用有其重要性。塑料布的挤压,胶带的制造和应用涂料层刚性基板上的一些例子。如果存在磁场,粘性流动由于移动板块在电磁领域,即magnetohydrodymanic(磁流体动力)流动,许多相关的实际应用在冶金行业,如冷却连续的线条和丝通过静止流体和熔融金属与非金属夹杂物的净化。</p><p>流体力学,历史上一直相当关注的研究二维驻点流动。Hiemenz [<一个href="#B6">6</一个>)派生的精确解牛顿流体的稳定流动无限平板撞击的活动。斯图尔特(<一个href="#B7">7</一个>],Tamada [<一个href="#B8">8</一个>]和Dorrepaal [<一个href="#B9">9</一个>)解决方案的独立调查驻点流动时,流体影响斜板。胡子,沃尔特斯(<一个href="#B10">10</一个>)用边界层方程来研究二维粘弹性流体的流驻点附近。Dorrepaal et al。<一个href="#B11">11</一个>]研究了粘弹性流体的行为侵犯一个平面刚性墙在任意入射角。Labropulu et al。<一个href="#B12">12</一个>]研究了粘弹性流体的斜流侵犯多孔墙与吸入或吹。Hiemenz流的牛顿流体在磁场中首次被Na (<一个href="#B13">13</一个>),后来被阿里尔(<一个href="#B14">14</一个>]。非牛顿流的沃尔特斯B液在存在横向磁场研究了爱丽儿(<一个href="#B15">15</一个>]。阿迪(<一个href="#B16">16</一个>)研究二年级非牛顿流体的稳定流动与传热的驻点外部均匀磁场。</p><p>此外,非定常或非定常粘性流驻点附近也被广泛研究。Glauert [<一个href="#B17">17</一个>]和Rott [<一个href="#B18">18</一个>]研究了驻点的牛顿流体流动板执行谐波振荡的飞机。斯利瓦斯塔瓦(<一个href="#B19">19</一个>]研究相同的问题使用Karman-Pohlhausen方法二年级非牛顿流体。Labropulu et al。<一个href="#B20">20.</一个>)使用系列的方法解决不稳定驻点流动的粘弹性流体撞击振动平板。</p><p>在这部作品中,二维不稳定驻点流动沃尔特斯B的流体撞击在无限板检查磁场的存在和解决方案。它假定无限板<年代vg height="13.55" id="M2" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:35.075001px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 35.075001 13.55" width="35.075001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.55)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.16)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.6648188" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.705208" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>使谐波振荡的平面和磁场横向或垂直的流场。解决方案的小型和大型频率振荡得到使用有限差分技术。</p><h4 id="flow-equations-and-boundary-conditions">2。流方程和边界条件</h4> <p>我们认为二维不可压缩非牛顿流沃尔特斯B液对无限流板正常磁场的存在。的<年代vg height="7.1624999" id="M3" style="vertical-align:-0.11285pt;width:8.7250004px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.7250004 7.1624999" width="8.7250004" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.1625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-66.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>设在沿板块和<年代vg height="9.8625002" id="M4" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:7.875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 7.875 9.8625002" width="7.875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,9.8625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-64.11)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>设在板是正常的。我们假设板使谐波振荡的飞机的速度<年代vg height="7.1624999" id="M5" style="vertical-align:-0.11285pt;width:8.7250004px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.7250004 7.1624999" width="8.7250004" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.1625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-66.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>方向等于<年代vg height="13.2875" id="M6" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt;width:29.825001px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 29.825001 13.2875" width="29.825001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.2875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.37)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,61.56)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.2765059" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-60.11,66.56)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.6819839" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>在哪里<年代vg height="7.1750002" id="M7" style="vertical-align:-0.1254pt;width:7.9749999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 7.9749999 7.1750002" width="7.9749999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.175)"> <g transform="translate(72,-66.26)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<年代vg height="7.1875" id="M8" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt;width:10.7625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 10.7625 7.1875" width="10.7625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.1875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-66.25)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>是常数。非定常二维流动的粘性不可压缩非牛顿沃尔特斯B液在磁场的存在是由(见胡子和沃尔特斯(<一个href="#B10">10</一个>]和Na [<一个href="#B13">13</一个>])<年代p一个n class="equation" id="eq1"> <svg height="221.6125" id="M9" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 221.6125" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,221.6125)"> <g transform="translate(72,105.29)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,175.16,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3765302" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 174.68,59.47 13.27,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,174.68,47.59)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.24" y="-8.7600002"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3890328" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.780001" y="-16.01"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.169033" y="-16.01"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 204.46,59.47 12.72,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,204.53,47.59)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3765302" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.32" y="-8.7600002"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.347885" y="-8.7600002"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.599384" y="-8.7600002"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="260.22" y="-8.7600002"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="264.38348" y="-8.7600002"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="270.63501" y="-8.7600002"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="273.76074" y="-8.7600002"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="280.01224" y="-8.7600002"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-239.42999" y="20.65"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-233.04097" y="20.65"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m -34.9,22.81 12.32,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-33.89,10.93)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3890328" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.28" y="-8.7600002"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.62022" y="-8.7600002"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.220001" y="-16.01"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.609032" y="-16.01"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m -0.14,22.81 13.26,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-0.14,10.93)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3765302" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.24" y="-8.7600002"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.580221" y="-8.7600002"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.240002" y="-16.01"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.629032" y="-16.01"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 35.96,22.81 12.59,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,35.96,10.93)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.57" y="-8.7600002"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.120001" y="-16.01"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3890328" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 65.07,22.81 6.27,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,65.07,10.93)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.0500002" y="-17.059999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.42653" y="-17.059999"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 73.73,22.81 13.27,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,73.73,10.93)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3890328" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.940001" y="-8.7600002"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.967886" y="-8.7600002"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.244392" y="-8.7600002"> ∇</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,119.12,24.69)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,124,19.69)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.24" y="-9.1400003"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.6895847" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,152.29,25.7)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 145.24,22.81 11.93,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,148.06,10.93)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.3" y="-3.8399999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.42" y="-16.01"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 168.52,22.81 10.3,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,168.52,10.93)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.5" y="-3.8399999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.860001" y="-8.7600002"> ∇</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3890328" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,196.52,24.69)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,201.4,19.69)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.9200001" y="4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.309999" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.65" y="4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.009998" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.57" y="-7.25"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 243.53,22.81 13.27,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,243.53,10.93)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.209999" y="-16.01"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3890328" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.24" y="-8.7600002"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.580221" y="-8.7600002"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 279.64,22.81 12.59,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,279.64,10.93)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.79" y="-3.8399999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.389999" y="-8.7600002"> ∇</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3765302" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,310.17,24.69)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,315.04,19.69)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.7020884" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.719999" y="-7.25"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.109034" y="-7.25"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 336.29,22.81 13.26,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,336.29,10.93)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.46" y="-8.7600002"> ∇</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3765302" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,359.89,24.69)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,364.76,19.69)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.7020884" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.379999" y="-7.25"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.769033" y="-7.25"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 386,22.81 12.59,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,386,10.93)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.79" y="-8.7600002"> ∇</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3890328" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,408.93,24.69)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,413.8,19.69)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-239.2" y="43.169998"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-256.79999" y="38.25"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-245.45978" y="38.25"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-231.78999" y="31"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-225.41347" y="31"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 181.53,-15.43 13.27,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,181.53,-27.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.129999" y="-16"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3890328" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,204.05,-6.24)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,208.93,-11.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 197.19,-15.43 18.14,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,197.19,-27.68)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3765302" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,210.45,-24.24)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,219.3,-18.56)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.54" y="-7.25"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.929033" y="-7.25"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 231.84,-15.43 12.72,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,231.9,-27.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.18" y="-16"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3890328" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,253.47,-6.24)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,258.35,-11.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 246.95,-15.43 17.46,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,246.95,-27.68)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3765302" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,259.54,-24.24)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,268.39,-18.56)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.34" y="4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.040001" y="-7.25"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.416531" y="-7.25"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 288.29,-15.43 12.59,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,288.29,-27.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.559999" y="-8.75"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3765302" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.379999" y="-16"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.756531" y="-16"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 317.39,-15.43 13.27,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,317.39,-27.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.46" y="-3.8299999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.59" y="-16"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3890328" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,351.37,-6.24)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,356.25,-11.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 340.65,-15.43 25.86,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,340.65,-27.31)"> <tspan 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transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,405.04,-27.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.79" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.716421" y="-8.75"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="59.709999" y="-27.370001"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="63.873501" y="-27.370001"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="70.125" y="-27.370001"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="73.250748" y="-27.370001"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="79.502251" y="-27.370001"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-440.42999" y="21.02"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-434.04095" y="21.02"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m -35.39,-52.46 12.72,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-34.18,-64.34)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3765302" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.48" y="-8.75"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.820221" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.220001" y="-16.01"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.609032" y="-16.01"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m -0.23,-52.46 13.26,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-0.23,-64.34)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3765302" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.24" y="-8.75"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.567719" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.099998" y="-16.01"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.489033" y="-16.01"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 35.87,-52.46 12.72,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,35.93,-64.34)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.75" y="-16.01"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3890328" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.629999" y="-8.75"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.970221" y="-8.75"> +</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 73.66,-52.46 6.28,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,73.66,-64.34)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.7200003" y="-17.059999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.09653" y="-17.059999"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 82.33,-52.46 12.59,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,82.33,-64.34)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3890328" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.26" y="-8.75"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.287886" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.564392" y="-8.75"> ∇</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,127.05,-50.58)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text 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style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,176.84,-64.34)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.5" y="-3.8299999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.870001" y="-8.75"> ∇</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3890328" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,204.85,-50.58)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,209.72,-55.59)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3299999" y="4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.709999" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.049999" y="4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.419998" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.98" y="-7.2600002"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 252.26,-52.46 13.26,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,252.26,-64.34)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.200001" y="-16.01"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3765302" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.24" y="-8.75"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.580221" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 288.36,-52.46 12.59,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,288.36,-64.34)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.79" y="-3.8299999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.389999" y="-8.75"> ∇</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3890328" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,318.89,-50.58)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,323.76,-55.59)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.1021843" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.92" y="-7.2600002"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.309032" y="-7.2600002"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 345.41,-52.46 13.26,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,345.41,-64.34)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.46" y="-8.75"> ∇</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3765302" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,369.01,-50.58)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,373.88,-55.59)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.7020884" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.25" y="-7.2600002"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.62653" y="-7.2600002"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 395.13,-52.46 12.71,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,395.19,-64.34)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.85" y="-8.75"> ∇</t年代p一个n> <tspan 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style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.94" y="-16"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3890328" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,211.78,-81.51)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,216.65,-86.58)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 205.11,-90.7 18.14,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,205.11,-102.95)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3890328" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,218.38,-99.51)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,227.22,-93.83)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.54" y="-7.25"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.929033" y="-7.25"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 239.76,-90.7 12.72,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,239.83,-102.58)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.04" y="-16"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3765302" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,261.26,-81.51)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,266.13,-86.58)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 254.87,-90.7 17.59,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,254.93,-102.95)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3890328" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,267.52,-99.51)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,276.43,-93.83)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.35" y="4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.040001" y="-7.25"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.429033" y="-7.25"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 296.34,-90.7 12.59,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,296.34,-102.58)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.559999" y="-8.75"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3765302" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.379999" y="-16"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.756531" y="-16"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 325.44,-90.7 13.27,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,325.44,-102.58)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.46" y="-3.8299999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.389999" y="-16"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3890328" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,359.22,-81.51)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,364.1,-86.58)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 348.7,-90.7 25.86,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,348.7,-102.58)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="41.75" y="-8.75"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3765302" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.25318" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.642214" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.049999" y="-3.8299999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.788876" y="-3.8299999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="116.05" y="-27.370001"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="120.2135" y="-27.370001"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="126.465" y="-27.370001"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="129.59074" y="-27.370001"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="135.84225" y="-27.370001"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span><span class="equation" id="eq2"> <svg height="13.55" id="M10" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:79px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 79 13.55" width="79" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.55)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.16)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.3897533" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.430141" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.356564" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.520063" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.396713" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="43.610462" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="49.811951" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="55.013199" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="58.92664" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span>在哪里<年代vg height="13.55" id="M12" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:82.612503px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 82.612503 13.55" width="82.612503" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.55)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.16)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-69.87,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.802352" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.830238" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.156755" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.320255" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.196903" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="44.410656" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="50.612144" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="55.825893" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="59.739334" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,<年代vg height="13.55" id="M13" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:79.474998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 79.474998 13.55" width="79.474998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.55)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.16)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.5772982" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.617687" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.731653" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.895153" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.771805" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="43.985554" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="50.187042" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="55.38829" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="59.301727" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>是速度组件,<年代vg height="13.55" id="M14" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:49.0625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 49.0625 13.55" width="49.0625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.55)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.16)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.7398367" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.780226" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.394552" y="0"> /</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.870388" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>的压力,<年代vg height="9.875" id="M15" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:7.9749999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 7.9749999 9.875" width="7.9749999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,9.875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-64.1)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>运动粘度,<年代vg height="6.9875002" id="M16" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt;width:9.3000002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.3000002 6.9875002" width="9.3000002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,6.9875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-66.41)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>是流体密度,<年代vg height="14.3875" id="M17" style="vertical-align:-3.25793pt;width:17.1px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.1 14.3875" width="17.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.49)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.25,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>导电性,<年代vg height="10.925" id="M18" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:15.0375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 15.0375 10.925" width="15.0375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.925)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.26)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.9,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>磁场和吗<年代vg height="14.75" id="M19" style="vertical-align:-3.25793pt;width:57.349998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 57.349998 14.75" width="57.349998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.75)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.2)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.3267579" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-55.91,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-47.56,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ≪</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.12863" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>是一个衡量的粘弹性流体。假设<年代vg height="48.375" id="M20" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 48.375" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,48.375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-33.3)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,137.02,61.56)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.3897533" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.430141" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.706648" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,170.3,66.56)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.6819839" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,182.22,61.56)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.166139" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.968491" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.008881" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="53.212769" y="0"> 一个</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="58.764099" y="0"> t</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="66.415939" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="76.093262" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="88.121147" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="94.372643" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-55.23" y="24.459999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-45.840248" y="24.459999"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-33.799858" y="24.459999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-28.611113" y="24.459999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-21.734463" y="24.459999"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-2.3923221" y="24.459999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.3975272" y="24.459999"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.437916" y="24.459999"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.002472" y="24.459999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.191216" y="24.459999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="49.357594" y="24.459999"> 一个</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="54.908928" y="24.459999"> 年代</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="63.936092" y="24.459999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="75.701416" y="24.459999"> →</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="92.830528" y="24.459999"> ∞</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="104.4083" y="24.459999"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="282.53" y="12.04"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="286.69351" y="12.04"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="292.94501" y="12.04"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="296.07074" y="12.04"> 4</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="302.32224" y="12.04"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,所以可以忽略感应磁场的影响。</p><p>对于这个问题,给出了边界条件<年代p一个n class="equation" id="eq005"> <svg height="11.0625" id="M21" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt;width:33.8125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 33.8125 11.0625" width="33.8125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.15)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.6520758" y="0"> ></t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.692465" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span>在哪里<年代vg height="10.5375" id="M22" style="vertical-align:-0.16302pt;width:45.612499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 45.612499 10.5375" width="45.612499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.5375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.57)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.277946" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.318335" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.50708" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>是一个常数逆时间的单位。的数量<年代vg height="13.55" id="M23" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:56.537498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 56.537498 13.55" width="56.537498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.55)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.16)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.3772497" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.540749" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.417398" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.631149" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.832638" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.046391" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.959827" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>是流体的速度在边界层外。</p><p>连续性(<一个href="#eq1">2.1</一个>)意味着streamfunction的存在<年代vg height="34.737499" id="M24" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 34.737499" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,34.7375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-44.21)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,150.16,55.3)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.3897533" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.629999" y="-8.3000002"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.006531" y="-8.3000002"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 172.79,58.42 15.78,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,174.38,46.54)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3890328" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.38" y="-8.7600002"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.511028" y="-8.7600002"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="50.313381" y="-8.7600002"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="62.353771" y="-8.7600002"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="72.120003" y="-17.059999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="78.496529" y="-17.059999"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 246.5,58.42 15.77,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,247.75,46.54)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3890328" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.72" y="-8.7600002"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="217" y="-8.7600002"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="221.1635" y="-8.7600002"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="227.41499" y="-8.7600002"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="230.54076" y="-8.7600002"> 5</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="236.79225" y="-8.7600002"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>这样<年代p一个n class="equation" id="eq4"> <svg height="12.925" id="M25" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-4.74141pt;width:58.924999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 58.924999 12.925" width="58.924999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.925)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.66)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.84,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8136001" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-52.71,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-34.56,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.340992" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span>替换(<一个href="#eq4">2.5</一个>)(<一个href="#eq2">2.2</一个>)和(<一个href="#eq2">2.3</一个>)和消除压力产生的方程使用<年代vg height="38.487499" id="M26" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 38.487499" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,38.4875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-41.21)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,11.91,59.91)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 9.96,55.79 10.3,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,9.96,43.91)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3765302" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.49" y="-8.75"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.653499" y="-8.75"> ∇</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,34.76,57.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,39.63,52.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.870001" y="-9.1400003"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.3897533" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.328918" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,75.55,58.68)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 68.5,55.79 11.93,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,71.33,43.91)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.45" y="-16"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 82.82,55.79 10.3,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,82.82,43.91)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3765302" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.5" y="-8.75"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.663499" y="-8.75"> ∇</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,107.62,57.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 4</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,112.49,52.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.3897533" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.328918" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.870001" y="-8.3000002"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.259033" y="-8.3000002"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.422531" y="-8.3000002"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="48.812286" y="-8.3000002"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="54.026035" y="-8.3000002"> ∇</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,175.66,65.97)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,180.53,60.96)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.3897533" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 141.36,55.79 52.72,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,151.22,43.91)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="46.84" y="-8.75"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="59.380001" y="-17.889999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3890328" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.552532" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.429182" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.63043" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.831919" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,217.65,58.68)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 210.6,55.79 11.92,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,213.42,43.91)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.49" y="-17.049999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.879032" y="-17.049999"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.042532" y="-17.049999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.432285" y="-17.049999"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.633533" y="-17.049999"> ∇</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,259.21,65.97)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 4</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,264.08,60.96)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.3772497" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 224.91,55.79 52.72,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,234.77,43.91)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3890328" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.552532" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.429182" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.63043" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.831919" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="46.84" y="-8.75"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="58.167717" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="64.444221" y="-8.75"> ∇</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,308.37,57.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 4</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,313.24,52.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.165419" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.709999" y="-9.2600002"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.036758" y="-9.2600002"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,353.99,58.8)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 337.95,55.79 20.91,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,345.27,43.91)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.98" y="-17.049999"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,367.64,66.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,372.52,60.96)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 361.25,55.79 20.66,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,362.85,43.54)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3765302" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,375.44,46.98)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,386.58,52.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="78.169998" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="82.333496" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="88.584999" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="91.710747" y="0"> 6</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="97.96225" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>收益率<年代p一个n class="equation" id="eq5"> <svg height="13.55" id="M27" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:56.537498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 56.537498 13.55" width="56.537498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.55)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.16)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.3772497" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.540749" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.417398" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.631149" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.832638" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.046391" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.959827" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span>取得一个解决方案(<一个href="#eq5">2.6</一个>),速度分量是由(<一个href="#eq4">2.5</一个>)。</p><p>年代treamfunction的边界条件<年代vg height="80.574997" id="M28" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 80.574997" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,80.575)"> <g transform="translate(72,-7.54)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,122.5,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3890328" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 122.5,58.42 15.78,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,124.1,46.54)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3765302" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.85" y="-8.7600002"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.877886" y="-8.7600002"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.154392" y="-8.7600002"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,166.83,60.3)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.6819839" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,178.75,55.3)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.370001" y="-8.3000002"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.746531" y="-8.3000002"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 195.12,58.42 15.78,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,196.37,46.54)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3890328" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.200001" y="-8.7600002"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.227886" y="-8.7600002"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="47.444279" y="-8.7600002"> 一个</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="52.995609" y="-8.7600002"> t</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="60.634941" y="-8.7600002"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="70.312263" y="-8.7600002"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="82.352654" y="-8.7600002"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="88.604156" y="-8.7600002"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-73.870003" y="19.6"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-67.480965" y="19.6"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 122.5,21.76 15.78,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,124.1,9.88)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3765302" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.85" y="-8.7600002"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.877886" y="-8.7600002"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.066631" y="-8.7600002"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.943279" y="-8.7600002"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="59.32" y="-17.059999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="65.70903" y="-17.059999"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 183.42,21.76 15.78,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,184.68,9.88)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3765302" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.190001" y="-8.7600002"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.217886" y="-8.7600002"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.406631" y="-8.7600002"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="52.573009" y="-8.7600002"> 一个</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="58.124344" y="-8.7600002"> 年代</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="67.164009" y="-8.7600002"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="78.916832" y="-8.7600002"> →</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="96.045944" y="-8.7600002"> ∞</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="107.62372" y="-8.7600002"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="280.07001" y="-26.77"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="284.23349" y="-26.77"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="290.48499" y="-26.77"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="293.61075" y="-26.77"> 7</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="299.86224" y="-26.77"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>采取的形式<年代p一个n class="equation" id="eq008"> <svg height="10.725" id="M29" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:19.6875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 19.6875 10.725" width="19.6875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.725)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.42)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.55,63.47)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></p> <p>剪切应力分量<年代vg height="88.0625" id="M30" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 88.0625" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,88.0625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-1.55)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-6.91,52.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-0.5,49.54)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,12.22,52.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.65" y="4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.809999" y="-8.3000002"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,48.42,66.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,53.29,60.96)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 42.03,55.79 20.65,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,43.63,43.54)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3765302" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,56.22,46.98)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,66.66,52.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.54" y="-8.3000002"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,85.59,66.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,90.46,60.96)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 79.2,55.79 20.65,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,80.45,43.54)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3890328" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,93.72,46.98)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,101.05,47.74)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-79.559998" y="34.740002"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-68.232285" y="34.740002"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,39.88,9.88)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,44.76,8.08)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.9299998" y="-13.22"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.319033" y="-13.22"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 51.69,16.13 15.78,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,53.28,4.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.38" y="-3.8299999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.98" y="-17.049999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3890328" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,88.65,26.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,93.53,21.3)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 77.22,16.13 30.74,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,77.22,3.88)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3890328" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.265683" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.654716" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,103.08,7.32)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,111.93,13)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.54" y="-8.3000002"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,130.86,26.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,135.73,21.3)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 124.47,16.13 20.65,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,125.72,3.88)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3890328" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,138.99,7.32)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,146.32,8.08)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.38" y="-4.9200001"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.92" y="-13.22"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.29653" y="-13.22"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 169.24,16.13 15.77,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,170.49,4.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.72" y="-3.8299999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.280001" y="-17.049999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3890328" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,201.16,26.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,206.03,21.3)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 194.77,16.13 20.65,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,196.36,3.88)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3890328" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,208.95,7.32)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,219.4,13)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.57" y="-8.3000002"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,243.36,26.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,248.24,21.3)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 231.94,16.13 30.73,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,231.94,3.88)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3765302" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,245.2,7.32)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,250.08,3.88)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.78" y="-4.1999998"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.549999" y="-17.42"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3765302" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.16" y="-9.1199999"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.500221" y="-9.1199999"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,302.02,26.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,306.9,21.3)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 293.03,16.13 25.86,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,293.03,4.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.25" y="-17.049999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3890328" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.265683" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.654716" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,327.67,26.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,332.54,21.3)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 321.28,16.13 20.65,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,322.87,3.88)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3890328" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,335.46,7.32)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,345.91,13)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.790001" y="-8.3000002"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.327718" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,371.09,26.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,375.96,21.3)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 364.7,16.13 20.65,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,365.95,3.88)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3890328" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,379.22,7.32)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,390.34,21.3)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,396.73,26.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,401.61,21.3)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 387.74,16.13 25.86,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,387.74,4.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.049999" y="-3.8299999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.790001" y="-8.75"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3890328" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.265683" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.654716" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="77.010002" y="-29.4"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="81.1735" y="-29.4"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="87.424995" y="-29.4"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="90.550751" y="-29.4"> 8</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="96.802246" y="-29.4"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>是由<年代p一个n class="equation" id="eq6"> <svg height="17.799999" id="M31" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 17.799999" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,17.8)"> <g transform="translate(72,-57.76)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,149.88,61.56)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.853084" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.893473" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.082218" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.958866" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="43.898033" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="48.061531" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="54.26302" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="61.202187" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="72.542404" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="78.818909" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,234.27,66.56)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.6819839" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,246.19,61.56)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.1514759" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.314975" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.516462" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="218.56" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="222.7235" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="228.97501" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="232.10075" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="238.35225" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></p> <h4 id="solutions">3所示。解决方案</h4> <p>后Glauert [<一个href="#B17">17</一个>形式),我们寻求一个解决方案<年代p一个n class="equation" id="eq7"> <svg height="49.924999" id="M32" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 49.924999" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,49.925)"> <g transform="translate(72,-32.06)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,129.23,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-14.79" y="29.040001"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-8.9399996" y="26.52"> ∞</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="2.6400001" y="29.040001"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.9391651" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.102664" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.354164" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.980993" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.021381" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="43.960548" y="0"> ′</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="47.573914" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="51.737415" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="57.988914" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="65.62825" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="77.668633" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="83.920135" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="109.05116" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="115.20264" y="0"> ′</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="118.81601" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="122.97951" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="129.231" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="136.87035" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="148.91074" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="155.16223" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-25.34" y="26.52"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-18.400835" y="26.52"> ′</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.96" y="26.52"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.987886" y="26.52"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.239386" y="26.52"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="55.382919" y="26.52"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="62.322083" y="26.52"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="66.48558" y="26.52"> ∞</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="78.063362" y="26.52"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="85.702698" y="26.52"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="97.730583" y="26.52"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="103.93207" y="26.52"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="129.07561" y="26.52"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="135.22708" y="26.52"> ′</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="138.84044" y="26.52"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="143.00394" y="26.52"> ∞</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="154.58173" y="26.52"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="162.20856" y="26.52"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="174.24895" y="26.52"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="180.50044" y="26.52"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="335.51999" y="14.29"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="339.6835" y="14.29"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="345.935" y="14.29"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="349.06076" y="14.29"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="355.31226" y="14.29"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span>边界条件形式<年代p一个n class="equation" id="eq8"> <svg height="77.125" id="M33" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 77.125" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,77.125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-10.3)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,45.07,54.52)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.2640028" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,59.79,59.59)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9144161" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.6362882" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.0648" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,76.04,54.52)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.16" y="4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.52" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.459166" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,115.94,59.59)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9756801" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.9513602" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,128.15,54.52)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.327718" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.266884" y="0"> ′</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.880251" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,158.48,59.59)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9756801" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,164.93,49.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.38" y="-4.9200001"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.92" y="-14.06"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,194.9,60.54)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,199.78,63.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 187.85,57.65 17.74,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,193.58,45.77)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.2" y="-3.8299999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.57" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.509165" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,229.53,59.59)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9144161" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="7.3429279" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,243.06,54.52)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> ′</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.892754" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,273.4,59.59)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9144161" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.6362882" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.0648" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,286.87,49.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.39" y="-4.9200001"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.92" y="-14.19"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.25926" y="-14.19"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,325.84,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 309.79,57.65 20.92,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,317.11,45.77)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.79" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,340.34,59.59)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9756801" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,350.27,54.52)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-348.70001" y="33.130001"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-342.42349" y="33.130001"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,14.5,26.39)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9144161" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.6362882" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.0648" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,30.76,21.39)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.327718" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.216151" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.730694" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,61.15,26.39)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9756801" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,70.38,21.39)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.54" y="-9.1400003"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,89.97,27.4)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 82.92,24.52 11.93,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,85.74,12.64)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.3" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.188433" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.702976" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,115.1,26.39)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9144161" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.6362882" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.0648" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,131.35,21.39)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.16" y="4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.52" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.459166" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,169.46,26.39)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9756801" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.9513602" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,181.67,21.39)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,201.45,26.46)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9756801" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,207.9,21.39)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.7700005" y="4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.15" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.1514759" y="0"> ′</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.68" y="-7.25"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.731693" y="-7.25"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 240.58,24.52 12.87,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,243.88,12.64)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.77" y="-3.8299999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.129999" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.069164" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,275.6,26.39)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9144161" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="7.3429279" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,289.14,21.39)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.327718" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,308.92,26.46)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9144161" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.6362882" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.0648" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,322.4,21.39)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.7600002" y="4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.139999" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.1514759" y="0"> ′</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.68" y="-9.2600002"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.00676" y="-9.2600002"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,371.12,27.53)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 355.08,24.52 20.92,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,362.4,12.64)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.79" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,383.84,26.39)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9756801" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,393.76,21.39)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.040389" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.291889" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="70.989998" y="-16.629999"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="75.153496" y="-16.629999"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="81.404999" y="-16.629999"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="84.530746" y="-16.629999"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="90.782249" y="-16.629999"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span>使用(<一个href="#eq7">3所示。1</一个>)(<一个href="#eq5">2.6</一个>),我们得到<年代p一个n class="equation" id="eq10"> <svg height="39.625" id="M34" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 39.625" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,39.625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-40.3)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,75.56,52.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.76" y="6.8000002"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.7148314" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 111.38,70.69 8.67,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,112.8,59.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 112.57,55.33 6.28,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,112.57,43.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="75.790001" y="-1.97"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.48" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.681488" y="-8.75"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.800014" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.739182" y="-8.75"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="49.902679" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="56.104168" y="-8.75"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="63.7435" y="-8.75"> =</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 202.41,70.71 8.67,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,203.61,59.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 203.61,55.33 6.28,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,203.84,43.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="90.870003" y="-1.97"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.2399998" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.966854" y="-8.75"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.130354" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.381853" y="-8.75"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.545353" y="-8.75"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="54.67638" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="60.827858" y="-8.75"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="64.991356" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="71.192848" y="-8.75"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="78.832176" y="-8.75"> =</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 308.77,70.71 8.66,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,309.96,59.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 309.96,55.33 6.28,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,310.19,43.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.2399998" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.417202" y="-8.75"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.580702" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.832201" y="-8.75"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="154.56" y="-8.75"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="158.7235" y="-8.75"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="164.97501" y="-8.75"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="168.10075" y="-8.75"> 4</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="174.35225" y="-8.75"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span>Non-dimensionalizing使用<年代p一个n class="equation" id="eq12"> <svg height="70.949997" id="M35" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 70.949997" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,70.95)"> <g transform="translate(72,-15.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,61.23,57.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,70.77,62.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9144161" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.6362882" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.0648" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,87.03,57.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.067076" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,115.64,62.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9756801" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.9513602" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,127.84,57.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.067076" y="0"> ′</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.680443" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,160.07,62.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9756801" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,169.3,57.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.327718" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,192.09,54.16)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,196.48,52.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.3699999" y="-4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.096854" y="-4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,221.12,62.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9144161" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="7.3429279" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,234.65,57.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.067076" y="0"> ′</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.680443" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,266.87,62.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9144161" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.6362882" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.0648" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,280.35,52.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.38" y="-4.9200001"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.720221" y="-4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.285736" y="-4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,324.18,62.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9756801" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,334.1,57.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-330.32001" y="33.110001"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,13.21,29.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9144161" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.6362882" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.0648" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,29.46,24.18)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.067076" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,57.96,29.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9756801" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.9513602" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,70.16,24.18)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,91.05,29.18)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9756801" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,97.5,24.18)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.1772022" y="0"> ′</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.553732" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.906456" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,135.86,21.06)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,140.25,19.26)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.3699999" y="-4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.096854" y="-4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,164.77,29.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9144161" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="7.3429279" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,178.31,24.18)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,199.19,29.18)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9144161" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.6362882" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.0648" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,212.67,24.18)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.79" y="4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.17" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.1772022" y="0"> ′</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.709999" y="-7.2600002"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.598434" y="-7.2600002"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 248.38,27.31 12.4,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,251.67,15.43)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.31" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,271.4,29.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9756801" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,280.63,24.18)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.54" y="-9.2399998"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.428432" y="-9.2399998"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.942976" y="-9.2399998"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,317.03,30.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 293.17,27.31 28.25,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,304.39,15.43)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.219999" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,332.04,29.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9144161" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.6362882" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.0648" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,348.3,24.18)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.905737" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,381.63,29.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9756801" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,391.56,24.18)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="73.190002" y="-16.32"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="77.3535" y="-16.32"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="83.604996" y="-16.32"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="86.730751" y="-16.32"> 5</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="92.982246" y="-16.32"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span>我们得到了<年代p一个n class="equation" id="eq13"> <svg height="14.7125" id="M36" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:73.612503px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 73.612503 14.7125" width="73.612503" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.23)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-60.5,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-52.63,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-34.32,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-29.44,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.188745" y="0"> /</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.6645794" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span>在哪里<年代vg height="14.75" id="M37" style="vertical-align:-3.25793pt;width:83.949997px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 83.949997 14.75" width="83.949997" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.75)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.2)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.028847" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.069235" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.408497" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-27.83,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-22.96,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> /</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="3.4758339" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.7523403" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.941085" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>、韦森伯数的比例是粘滞效应和弹性的影响<年代vg height="13.55" id="M38" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:27.950001px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 27.950001 13.55" width="27.950001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.55)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.16)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.7268538" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.890353" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.091841" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>哈特曼的号码。</p><p>的渐近行为<年代vg height="15.75" id="M39" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 15.75" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,15.75)"> <g transform="translate(72,-59.4)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,140.78,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.7268538" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.890353" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.091841" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.718672" y="0"> ∼</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.75906" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="46.736214" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="58.076435" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="77.005974" y="0"> 一个</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="82.557312" y="0"> 年代</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="91.584473" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="103.3498" y="0"> →</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="120.4789" y="0"> ∞</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="132.05669" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="323.97" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="328.13348" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="334.38501" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="337.51074" y="0"> 6</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="343.76224" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>远离板(在边界层外)是由<年代p一个n class="equation" id="s1"> <svg height="10.55" id="M40" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:11.325px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.325 10.55" width="11.325" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.55)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.56)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.61)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span>在哪里<年代vg height="18.4625" id="M41" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 18.4625" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,18.4625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-57.23)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,83.03,61.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.7268538" y="0"> ′</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.50372" y="0"> ∞</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.081497" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.708328" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="46.748718" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="53.000217" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="80.219246" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,172.79,66.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9756801" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,179.24,61.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> ∞</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.741277" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.38061" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.408497" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,224.2,66.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9756801" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.9513602" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,233.62,61.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> ∞</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.741277" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.38061" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.408497" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,278.58,66.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9144161" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.6362882" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.0648" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,292.06,61.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> ∞</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.741277" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.368107" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.408497" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="172.69" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="176.8535" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="183.105" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="186.23074" y="0"> 7</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="192.48225" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>是一个常数,占边界层位移。</p><p>使用这种渐近行为,得到<年代p一个n class="equation" id="eq0017"> <svg height="9.875" id="M42" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:7.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 7.9375 9.875" width="7.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,9.875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-64.1)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></p> <p>积分(<一个href="#eq13">3所示。5</一个>一旦对)<年代vg height="122.4625" id="M43" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 122.4625" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,122.4625)"> <g transform="translate(72,25.97)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,34.71,57.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,44.25,62.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9756801" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.9513602" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,56.46,57.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.327718" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.054571" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,85.07,62.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9756801" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,94.29,57.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,115.18,62.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9756801" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,125.81,57.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.327718" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,148.6,54.16)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,152.99,52.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.3699999" y="-4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.096854" y="-4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,177.63,62.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9144161" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.6362882" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.0648" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,193.88,57.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.591721" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.318575" y="0"> ′</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.931942" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,232.36,62.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9756801" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.9513602" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,244.56,57.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,265.44,62.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9756801" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.9513602" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,276.27,52.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-169.56" y="21.6"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-160.03" y="24.110001"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-154.17" y="21.6"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-147.92" y="24.110001"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-318.09" y="50.080002"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.38" y="-4.9200001"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.720221" y="-4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.285736" y="-4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.012589" y="-4.9200001"> ′</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="49.089287" y="-4.9200001"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="61.129677" y="-4.9200001"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="69.694229" y="-4.9200001"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="78.721397" y="-4.9200001"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="90.07412" y="-4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="102.63964" y="-4.9200001"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-138.60001" y="21.6"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-126.57211" y="21.6"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-120.32062" y="21.6"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-95.177078" y="21.6"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-87.450226" y="21.6"> ′</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-83.836861" y="21.6"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-79.673363" y="21.6"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-73.42186" y="21.6"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-65.782532" y="21.6"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-53.754642" y="21.6"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-47.503143" y="21.6"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-22.35961" y="21.6"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-14.632755" y="21.6"> ′</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-11.019388" y="21.6"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-6.8558888" y="21.6"> ∞</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.721889" y="21.6"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.348719" y="21.6"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.389109" y="21.6"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.640608" y="21.6"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="188.48" y="6.4200001"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="192.64349" y="6.4200001"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="198.895" y="6.4200001"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="202.02075" y="6.4200001"> 8</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="208.27225" y="6.4200001"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-32.39,7.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9756801" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.9513602" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-20.19,2.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.067076" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,8.31,7.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9756801" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,17.54,2.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.327718" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.054571" y="0"> ′</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.667938" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.84514" y="0"> ′</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.246677" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="49.586899" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,78.59,-0.84)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,82.98,-2.63)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.3600001" y="-4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.086854" y="-4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,107.5,7.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9144161" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.6362882" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.0648" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,123.75,2.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.067076" y="0"> ′</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.680443" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,155.86,7.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9756801" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.9513602" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,168.07,2.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,188.95,7.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9756801" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,195.4,2.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,204.83,7.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9756801" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,214.06,2.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.327718" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,234.94,7.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9756801" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.9513602" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,244.36,2.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.79" y="4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.17" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.1772022" y="0"> ′</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.709999" y="-7.25"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.598434" y="-7.25"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 280.07,5.41 12.41,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,283.37,-6.47)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.3" y="-3.8399999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.67" y="-8.7600002"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.847202" y="-8.7600002"> ′</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.223732" y="-8.7600002"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="44.576454" y="-8.7600002"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,339.4,-0.84)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,343.79,2.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,353.22,7.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9756801" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.9513602" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,362.65,-2.63)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.38" y="-4.9200001"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.720221" y="-4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.285736" y="-4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="43.462936" y="-4.9200001"> ′</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="50.539635" y="-4.9200001"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="62.580025" y="-4.9200001"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="68.831528" y="-4.9200001"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-232.17999" y="19.540001"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-223.00279" y="19.540001"> ′</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-219.38943" y="19.540001"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-215.22594" y="19.540001"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-208.97443" y="19.540001"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-201.3476" y="19.540001"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-189.30722" y="19.540001"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-183.05571" y="19.540001"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-157.91219" y="19.540001"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-148.73499" y="19.540001"> ′</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-145.12161" y="19.540001"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-140.95811" y="19.540001"> ∞</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-129.38034" y="19.540001"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-121.7535" y="19.540001"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-109.71311" y="19.540001"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-103.46162" y="19.540001"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="102.1" y="4.8400002"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="106.2635" y="4.8400002"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="112.515" y="4.8400002"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="115.64075" y="4.8400002"> 9</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="121.89225" y="4.8400002"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和使用条件在无穷远处,我们(见[<一个href="#B10">10</一个>])<年代p一个n class="equation" id="eq15"> <svg height="10.9125" id="M44" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:43.037498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 43.037498 10.9125" width="43.037498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.028847" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.069235" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></p> <p>系统(<一个href="#eq15">3所示。8</一个>),<年代vg height="15.325" id="M46" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:108.5125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 108.5125 15.325" width="108.5125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,15.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-59.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,62)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.41,67.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9756801" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-55.96,62)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.041828" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.082218" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.333717" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.459469" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.710968" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="51.962467" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="58.213966" y="0"> 5</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="64.465469" y="0"> 9</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>数值求解了许多作者(胡子和沃尔特<一个href="#B10">10</一个>),阿里尔(<一个href="#B21">21</一个>])。描述使用拍摄方法与有限差分技术,爱丽儿(<一个href="#B21">21</一个>),我们发现<年代vg height="14.7125" id="M47" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:47.137501px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 47.137501 14.7125" width="47.137501" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.23)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-60.5,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-52.63,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>当<年代vg height="10.9125" id="M48" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:43.037498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 43.037498 10.9125" width="43.037498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.028847" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.069235" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<年代vg height="15.325" id="M49" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:38.337502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 38.337502 15.325" width="38.337502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,15.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-59.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,62)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.41,67.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9756801" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-55.96,62)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>这是在良好的协议与价值观得到Hiemenz [<一个href="#B6">6</一个>]和Glauert [<一个href="#B17">17</一个>]。数值的<年代vg height="14.3625" id="M50" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:19.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 19.9375 14.3625" width="19.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.51)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-60.5,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>为不同的值<年代vg height="10.325" id="M51" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:17.237499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.237499 10.325" width="17.237499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<年代vg height="10.9125" id="M52" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:43.037498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 43.037498 10.9125" width="43.037498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.028847" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.069235" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>如表所示<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijmms/2008/573425/tab1/" target="_blank">1</一个>。这些值是在良好的协议与阿里尔(获得的值<一个href="#B21">21</一个>)当<年代vg height="10.325" id="M53" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:17.237499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.237499 10.325" width="17.237499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,阿里尔<一个href="#B15">15</一个>)为所有<年代vg height="10.9125" id="M54" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:43.037498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 43.037498 10.9125" width="43.037498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.028847" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.069235" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和Labropulu et al。<一个href="#B20">20.</一个>)当<年代vg height="14.7125" id="M55" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:90.150002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 90.150002 14.7125" width="90.150002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.23)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.990617" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.031006" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-35.46,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-27.59,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.405136" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。这些值也在良好的协议与阿迪(获得的值<一个href="#B16">16</一个>)当<年代vg height="12.5625" id="M56" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:16.387501px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16.387501 12.5625" width="16.387501" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.5625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.95)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,62)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.41,67.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijmms/2008/573425/fig1/" target="_blank">1</一个>显示的资料<年代vg height="14.3625" id="M57" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:19.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 19.9375 14.3625" width="19.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.51)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-60.5,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>对各种<年代vg height="10.9125" id="M58" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:43.037498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 43.037498 10.9125" width="43.037498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.028847" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.069235" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>当<年代vg height="12.5625" id="M59" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:16.387501px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16.387501 12.5625" width="16.387501" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.5625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.95)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,62)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.41,67.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijmms/2008/573425/fig2/" target="_blank">2</一个>显示的资料<年代vg height="10.325" id="M60" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:17.237499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.237499 10.325" width="17.237499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>对各种<年代vg height="14.7125" id="M61" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:47.137501px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 47.137501 14.7125" width="47.137501" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.23)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-60.5,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-52.63,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>当<年代vg height="12.5625" id="M62" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:16.387501px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16.387501 12.5625" width="16.387501" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.5625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.95)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,62)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.41,67.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijmms/2008/573425/fig3/" target="_blank">3</一个>描述了配置文件的<年代vg height="10.325" id="M63" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:17.237499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.237499 10.325" width="17.237499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>对各种<年代vg height="14.7125" id="M64" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:58.862499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 58.862499 14.7125" width="58.862499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.23)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-60.5,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-52.63,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.405136" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>当<年代vg height="17.975" id="M65" style="vertical-align:-4.28235pt;width:81.849998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 81.849998 17.975" width="81.849998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,17.975)"> <g transform="translate(72,-57.62)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,61.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.41,66.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9756801" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-55.96,61.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.578498" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.867746" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-26.02,67.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="9.2200003"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-21.15,61.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。我们观察到液体的弹性和哈特曼的数量增加,壁附近的速度增加。</p><div class="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="tab1"> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">表1</年代p一个n> <a aria-label="View full page" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijmms/2008/573425/tab1/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> 数值的<年代vg height="17.825001" id="M66" style="vertical-align:-4.15945pt;width:37.125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 37.125 17.825001" width="37.125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,17.825)"> <g transform="translate(72,-57.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-69.87,61.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-61.8,67.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="9.2200003"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-56.93,61.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,<年代vg height="17.825001" id="M67" style="vertical-align:-4.15945pt;width:34.525002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 34.525002 17.825001" width="34.525002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,17.825)"> <g transform="translate(72,-57.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,61.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.89,67.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="9.2200003"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-59.01,61.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<年代vg height="10.325" id="M68" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:17.237499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.237499 10.325" width="17.237499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>为不同的值<年代vg height="14.7125" id="M69" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:47.137501px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 47.137501 14.7125" width="47.137501" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.23)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-60.5,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-52.63,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<年代vg height="10.325" id="M70" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:17.237499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.237499 10.325" width="17.237499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。</div> <a class="table-thumb-overlay" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijmms/2008/573425/tab1" target="_blank" aria-label="View full page"></a> </div> </div> <div class="partial-carousel-wrapper"> <div class="floats-partial-section"> <div class="floats-partial-content"> <div class="partial-carousel--full-image partial-carousel-adf94ba08d73311b384f5aefaf514910"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/ijmms/volume-2008/573425/figures/573425.fig.001.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs"> <div class="partial-carousel-dots-adf94ba08d73311b384f5aefaf514910 partial-carousel-thumbnail"> <button aria-label="Slide to " class="partial-carousel-dot"><img loading="lazy" alt="" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/ijmms/volume-2008/573425/thumbnails/573425.fig.001_th.jpg"><br><strong></strong></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle--nav"> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev-adf94ba08d73311b384f5aefaf514910 partial-carousel-next-prev"> <button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-prev"></button> <button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-next"></button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图1</年代p一个n> <a aria-label="View full page" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijmms/2008/573425/fig1/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>的变化<年代vg height="22.15" id="M76" style="vertical-align:-3.56265pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 35.012501 22.15" width="35.012501" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,17.65)"> <path d="M599 650l-18 -160l-30 -2q-2 70 -11 94q-5 16 -26 24t-75 8h-94q-27 0 -33.5 -6.5t-12.5 -32.5l-43 -226h108q52 0 72.5 5t31 18t28.5 52h28l-40 -200h-28q-1 42 -6 56.5t-24.5 21t-70.5 6.5h-108l-32 -177q-13 -65 1 -80.5t88 -22.5l-8 -28h-279l6 28q61 5 77.5 20.5 t29.5 81.5l72 387l7.5 40.5t1 26.5t-4 18t-15.5 10t-24 6t-37 4l8 28h461z" id="x1D439"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,10.637,9.488)"> <path d="M227 744l-123 -338l-31 15l73 368q12 3 41.5 -8t36.5 -20z" id="x2032"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,14.787,17.65)"> <path d="M300 -147l-18 -23q-106 71 -159 185.5t-53 254.5v1q0 139 53 252.5t159 186.5l18 -24q-74 -62 -115.5 -173.5t-41.5 -242.5q0 -130 41.5 -242.5t115.5 -174.5z" id="x28"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,20.669,17.65)"> <path d="M471 401q0 -32 -14 -91l-83 -376q-30 -146 -21 -180l-7 -15q-22 0 -47.5 23.5t-25.5 40.5q0 49 53 271l53 224q4 18 6.5 31t3.5 22.5t1 15t-2 9t-4.5 4.5t-6.5 1q-31 0 -100.5 -63.5t-126.5 -145.5q-16 -53 -40 -163q-48 -11 -74 -21l-7 8l82 341q9 36 -4 36 q-8 0 -28.5 -14t-38.5 -32l-17 22q41 43 85 71t66 28q23 0 23 -39q0 -19 -10 -64l-24 -103h2q77 101 201 182q37 24 74 24q31 0 31 -47z" id="x1D702"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,29.066,17.65)"> <path d="M275 270q0 -296 -211 -440l-19 23q75 62 116.5 174t41.5 243t-42 243t-116 173l19 24q211 -144 211 -440z" id="x29"></path> </g> </svg>对各种<年代vg height="15.4" id="M77" style="vertical-align:-3.3907pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 22.950001 15.4" width="22.950001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.112)"> <path d="M1004 650l-6 -29q-54 -6 -71 -19.5t-51 -74.5l-271 -539h-33l-98 506h-3l-258 -506h-30l-78 532q-10 67 -21.5 80t-66.5 21l6 29h241l-8 -29l-26 -5q-34 -6 -41 -16t-3 -47l59 -425h4l251 510h31l102 -510h2q150 299 198 423q14 40 8.5 48.5t-47.5 16.5l-28 5l7 29h231z " id="x1D44A"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,17.338,15.187)"> <path d="M391 364q0 -28 -20.5 -53.5t-50 -43.5t-70 -34t-73.5 -25t-68 -17v-29q0 -48 20 -81t65 -33q73 0 157 76l16 -23q-107 -113 -221 -113q-21 0 -40.5 6.5t-39 22t-31.5 47t-12 75.5q0 69 33.5 139.5t95.5 114.5q77 55 143 55q42 0 69 -24.5t27 -59.5zM313 350 q0 26 -14.5 40.5t-37.5 14.5q-32 0 -44 -7q-82 -46 -104 -175q200 49 200 127z" id="x1D452"></path> </g> </svg>和<年代vg height="11.375" id="M78" style="vertical-align:-0.1638pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 48.9375 11.375" width="48.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.112)"> <path d="M998 650l-8 -28q-71 -4 -86 -16t-22 -69l-50 -397q-3 -28 -4.5 -44t2 -29t6.5 -18.5t17 -10.5t24.5 -6.5t37.5 -3.5l-8 -28h-271l7 28q63 6 78 22t25 90l60 415h-2l-353 -552h-23l-130 536h-2l-70 -254q-44 -158 -47 -188q-5 -38 9 -51t71 -18l-6 -28h-241l8 28 q45 4 67 18.5t35 45.5q16 38 74 233l52 173q24 79 11.5 98t-89.5 26l6 28h177l136 -508l337 508h172z" id="x1D440"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,22.127,11.112)"> <path d="M535 323h-483v50h483v-50zM535 138h-483v50h483v-50z" id="x3D"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,36.831,11.112)"> <path d="M241 635q53 0 94 -28.5t63.5 -76t33.5 -102.5t11 -116q0 -58 -11 -112.5t-34 -103.5t-63.5 -78.5t-94.5 -29.5t-95 28t-64.5 75t-34.5 102.5t-11 118.5q0 58 11.5 112.5t34.5 103t64.5 78t95.5 29.5zM238 602q-32 0 -55.5 -25t-35.5 -68t-17.5 -91t-5.5 -105 q0 -76 10 -138.5t37 -107.5t69 -45q32 0 55.5 25t35.5 68.5t17.5 91.5t5.5 105t-5.5 105.5t-18 92t-36 68t-56.5 24.5z" id="x30"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,44.99,11.112)"> <path d="M113 -12q-24 0 -39.5 16t-15.5 42q0 24 16 40.5t40 16.5t40 -16.5t16 -40.5q0 -26 -16 -42t-41 -16z" id="x2E"></path> </g> </svg></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="partial-carousel-wrapper"> <div class="floats-partial-section"> <div class="floats-partial-content"> <div class="partial-carousel--full-image partial-carousel-5e2a8d3ef30e667ed52c20d0b9b4e6a8"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/ijmms/volume-2008/573425/figures/573425.fig.002.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs"> <div class="partial-carousel-dots-5e2a8d3ef30e667ed52c20d0b9b4e6a8 partial-carousel-thumbnail"> <button aria-label="Slide to " class="partial-carousel-dot"><img loading="lazy" alt="" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/ijmms/volume-2008/573425/thumbnails/573425.fig.002_th.jpg"><br><strong></strong></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle--nav"> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev-5e2a8d3ef30e667ed52c20d0b9b4e6a8 partial-carousel-next-prev"> <button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-prev"></button> <button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-next"></button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图2</年代p一个n> <a aria-label="View full page" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijmms/2008/573425/fig2/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>的变化<年代vg height="22.15" id="M79" style="vertical-align:-3.56265pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 35.012501 22.15" width="35.012501" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,17.65)"> <path d="M599 650l-18 -160l-30 -2q-2 70 -11 94q-5 16 -26 24t-75 8h-94q-27 0 -33.5 -6.5t-12.5 -32.5l-43 -226h108q52 0 72.5 5t31 18t28.5 52h28l-40 -200h-28q-1 42 -6 56.5t-24.5 21t-70.5 6.5h-108l-32 -177q-13 -65 1 -80.5t88 -22.5l-8 -28h-279l6 28q61 5 77.5 20.5 t29.5 81.5l72 387l7.5 40.5t1 26.5t-4 18t-15.5 10t-24 6t-37 4l8 28h461z" id="x1D439"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,10.637,9.488)"> <path d="M227 744l-123 -338l-31 15l73 368q12 3 41.5 -8t36.5 -20z" id="x2032"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,14.787,17.65)"> <path d="M300 -147l-18 -23q-106 71 -159 185.5t-53 254.5v1q0 139 53 252.5t159 186.5l18 -24q-74 -62 -115.5 -173.5t-41.5 -242.5q0 -130 41.5 -242.5t115.5 -174.5z" id="x28"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,20.669,17.65)"> <path d="M471 401q0 -32 -14 -91l-83 -376q-30 -146 -21 -180l-7 -15q-22 0 -47.5 23.5t-25.5 40.5q0 49 53 271l53 224q4 18 6.5 31t3.5 22.5t1 15t-2 9t-4.5 4.5t-6.5 1q-31 0 -100.5 -63.5t-126.5 -145.5q-16 -53 -40 -163q-48 -11 -74 -21l-7 8l82 341q9 36 -4 36 q-8 0 -28.5 -14t-38.5 -32l-17 22q41 43 85 71t66 28q23 0 23 -39q0 -19 -10 -64l-24 -103h2q77 101 201 182q37 24 74 24q31 0 31 -47z" id="x1D702"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,29.066,17.65)"> <path d="M275 270q0 -296 -211 -440l-19 23q75 62 116.5 174t41.5 243t-42 243t-116 173l19 24q211 -144 211 -440z" id="x29"></path> </g> </svg>对各种<年代vg height="11.175" id="M80" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.475 11.175" width="17.475" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.113)"> <path d="M998 650l-8 -28q-71 -4 -86 -16t-22 -69l-50 -397q-3 -28 -4.5 -44t2 -29t6.5 -18.5t17 -10.5t24.5 -6.5t37.5 -3.5l-8 -28h-271l7 28q63 6 78 22t25 90l60 415h-2l-353 -552h-23l-130 536h-2l-70 -254q-44 -158 -47 -188q-5 -38 9 -51t71 -18l-6 -28h-241l8 28 q45 4 67 18.5t35 45.5q16 38 74 233l52 173q24 79 11.5 98t-89.5 26l6 28h177l136 -508l337 508h172z" id="x1D440"></path> </g> </svg>和<年代vg height="15.4" id="M81" style="vertical-align:-3.3907pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 54.400002 15.4" width="54.400002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.112)"> <path d="M1004 650l-6 -29q-54 -6 -71 -19.5t-51 -74.5l-271 -539h-33l-98 506h-3l-258 -506h-30l-78 532q-10 67 -21.5 80t-66.5 21l6 29h241l-8 -29l-26 -5q-34 -6 -41 -16t-3 -47l59 -425h4l251 510h31l102 -510h2q150 299 198 423q14 40 8.5 48.5t-47.5 16.5l-28 5l7 29h231z " id="x1D44A"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,17.338,15.187)"> <path d="M391 364q0 -28 -20.5 -53.5t-50 -43.5t-70 -34t-73.5 -25t-68 -17v-29q0 -48 20 -81t65 -33q73 0 157 76l16 -23q-107 -113 -221 -113q-21 0 -40.5 6.5t-39 22t-31.5 47t-12 75.5q0 69 33.5 139.5t95.5 114.5q77 55 143 55q42 0 69 -24.5t27 -59.5zM313 350 q0 26 -14.5 40.5t-37.5 14.5q-32 0 -44 -7q-82 -46 -104 -175q200 49 200 127z" id="x1D452"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,27.6,11.112)"> <path d="M535 323h-483v50h483v-50zM535 138h-483v50h483v-50z" id="x3D"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,42.287,11.112)"> <path d="M241 635q53 0 94 -28.5t63.5 -76t33.5 -102.5t11 -116q0 -58 -11 -112.5t-34 -103.5t-63.5 -78.5t-94.5 -29.5t-95 28t-64.5 75t-34.5 102.5t-11 118.5q0 58 11.5 112.5t34.5 103t64.5 78t95.5 29.5zM238 602q-32 0 -55.5 -25t-35.5 -68t-17.5 -91t-5.5 -105 q0 -76 10 -138.5t37 -107.5t69 -45q32 0 55.5 25t35.5 68.5t17.5 91.5t5.5 105t-5.5 105.5t-18 92t-36 68t-56.5 24.5z" id="x30"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,50.463,11.112)"> <path d="M113 -12q-24 0 -39.5 16t-15.5 42q0 24 16 40.5t40 16.5t40 -16.5t16 -40.5q0 -26 -16 -42t-41 -16z" id="x2E"></path> </g> </svg></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="partial-carousel-wrapper"> <div class="floats-partial-section"> <div class="floats-partial-content"> <div class="partial-carousel--full-image partial-carousel-9ed1b357b37ddf3defa02ab0932e6eb4"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/ijmms/volume-2008/573425/figures/573425.fig.003.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs"> <div class="partial-carousel-dots-9ed1b357b37ddf3defa02ab0932e6eb4 partial-carousel-thumbnail"> <button aria-label="Slide to " class="partial-carousel-dot"><img loading="lazy" alt="" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/ijmms/volume-2008/573425/thumbnails/573425.fig.003_th.jpg"><br><strong></strong></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle--nav"> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev-9ed1b357b37ddf3defa02ab0932e6eb4 partial-carousel-next-prev"> <button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-prev"></button> <button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-next"></button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图3</年代p一个n> <a aria-label="View full page" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijmms/2008/573425/fig3/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>的变化<年代vg height="22.15" id="M82" style="vertical-align:-3.56265pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 35.012501 22.15" width="35.012501" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,17.65)"> <path d="M599 650l-18 -160l-30 -2q-2 70 -11 94q-5 16 -26 24t-75 8h-94q-27 0 -33.5 -6.5t-12.5 -32.5l-43 -226h108q52 0 72.5 5t31 18t28.5 52h28l-40 -200h-28q-1 42 -6 56.5t-24.5 21t-70.5 6.5h-108l-32 -177q-13 -65 1 -80.5t88 -22.5l-8 -28h-279l6 28q61 5 77.5 20.5 t29.5 81.5l72 387l7.5 40.5t1 26.5t-4 18t-15.5 10t-24 6t-37 4l8 28h461z" id="x1D439"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,10.637,9.488)"> <path d="M227 744l-123 -338l-31 15l73 368q12 3 41.5 -8t36.5 -20z" id="x2032"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,14.787,17.65)"> <path d="M300 -147l-18 -23q-106 71 -159 185.5t-53 254.5v1q0 139 53 252.5t159 186.5l18 -24q-74 -62 -115.5 -173.5t-41.5 -242.5q0 -130 41.5 -242.5t115.5 -174.5z" id="x28"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,20.669,17.65)"> <path d="M471 401q0 -32 -14 -91l-83 -376q-30 -146 -21 -180l-7 -15q-22 0 -47.5 23.5t-25.5 40.5q0 49 53 271l53 224q4 18 6.5 31t3.5 22.5t1 15t-2 9t-4.5 4.5t-6.5 1q-31 0 -100.5 -63.5t-126.5 -145.5q-16 -53 -40 -163q-48 -11 -74 -21l-7 8l82 341q9 36 -4 36 q-8 0 -28.5 -14t-38.5 -32l-17 22q41 43 85 71t66 28q23 0 23 -39q0 -19 -10 -64l-24 -103h2q77 101 201 182q37 24 74 24q31 0 31 -47z" id="x1D702"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,29.066,17.65)"> <path d="M275 270q0 -296 -211 -440l-19 23q75 62 116.5 174t41.5 243t-42 243t-116 173l19 24q211 -144 211 -440z" id="x29"></path> </g> </svg>对各种<年代vg height="11.175" id="M83" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.475 11.175" width="17.475" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.113)"> <path d="M998 650l-8 -28q-71 -4 -86 -16t-22 -69l-50 -397q-3 -28 -4.5 -44t2 -29t6.5 -18.5t17 -10.5t24.5 -6.5t37.5 -3.5l-8 -28h-271l7 28q63 6 78 22t25 90l60 415h-2l-353 -552h-23l-130 536h-2l-70 -254q-44 -158 -47 -188q-5 -38 9 -51t71 -18l-6 -28h-241l8 28 q45 4 67 18.5t35 45.5q16 38 74 233l52 173q24 79 11.5 98t-89.5 26l6 28h177l136 -508l337 508h172z" id="x1D440"></path> </g> </svg>和<年代vg height="15.4" id="M84" style="vertical-align:-3.3907pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 66.4375 15.4" width="66.4375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.112)"> <path d="M1004 650l-6 -29q-54 -6 -71 -19.5t-51 -74.5l-271 -539h-33l-98 506h-3l-258 -506h-30l-78 532q-10 67 -21.5 80t-66.5 21l6 29h241l-8 -29l-26 -5q-34 -6 -41 -16t-3 -47l59 -425h4l251 510h31l102 -510h2q150 299 198 423q14 40 8.5 48.5t-47.5 16.5l-28 5l7 29h231z " id="x1D44A"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,17.338,15.187)"> <path d="M391 364q0 -28 -20.5 -53.5t-50 -43.5t-70 -34t-73.5 -25t-68 -17v-29q0 -48 20 -81t65 -33q73 0 157 76l16 -23q-107 -113 -221 -113q-21 0 -40.5 6.5t-39 22t-31.5 47t-12 75.5q0 69 33.5 139.5t95.5 114.5q77 55 143 55q42 0 69 -24.5t27 -59.5zM313 350 q0 26 -14.5 40.5t-37.5 14.5q-32 0 -44 -7q-82 -46 -104 -175q200 49 200 127z" id="x1D452"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,27.6,11.112)"> <path d="M535 323h-483v50h483v-50zM535 138h-483v50h483v-50z" id="x3D"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,42.287,11.112)"> <path d="M241 635q53 0 94 -28.5t63.5 -76t33.5 -102.5t11 -116q0 -58 -11 -112.5t-34 -103.5t-63.5 -78.5t-94.5 -29.5t-95 28t-64.5 75t-34.5 102.5t-11 118.5q0 58 11.5 112.5t34.5 103t64.5 78t95.5 29.5zM238 602q-32 0 -55.5 -25t-35.5 -68t-17.5 -91t-5.5 -105 q0 -76 10 -138.5t37 -107.5t69 -45q32 0 55.5 25t35.5 68.5t17.5 91.5t5.5 105t-5.5 105.5t-18 92t-36 68t-56.5 24.5z" id="x30"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,50.463,11.112)"> <path d="M113 -12q-24 0 -39.5 16t-15.5 42q0 24 16 40.5t40 16.5t40 -16.5t16 -40.5q0 -26 -16 -42t-41 -16z" id="x2E"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,54.339,11.112)"> <path d="M412 140l28 -9q0 -2 -35 -131h-373v23q112 112 161 170q59 70 92 127t33 115q0 63 -31 98t-86 35q-75 0 -137 -93l-22 20l57 81q55 59 135 59q69 0 118.5 -46.5t49.5 -122.5q0 -62 -29.5 -114t-102.5 -130l-141 -149h186q42 0 58.5 10.5t38.5 56.5z" id="x32"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,62.498,11.112)"> <path d="M113 -12q-24 0 -39.5 16t-15.5 42q0 24 16 40.5t40 16.5t40 -16.5t16 -40.5q0 -26 -16 -42t-41 -16z" id="x2E"></path> </g> </svg></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> <p>让<年代vg height="54.075001" id="M85" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 54.075001" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,54.075)"> <g transform="translate(72,-28.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-7.88,57)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,0.18,62.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9756801" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,9.41,57)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.067076" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.13151" y="0"> ′</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.520542" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="44.860764" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="52.58762" y="0"> ′</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="56.200985" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="67.041084" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="78.393806" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,99.26,53.87)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,103.65,52.08)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.3699999" y="-4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.897285" y="-4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,128.62,62.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9756801" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.9513602" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,140.83,57)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.327718" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.054571" y="0"> ′</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.667938" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,171.57,62.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9756801" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,180.8,57)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,201.68,62)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9756801" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,208.13,57)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.064435" y="0"> ′</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.453468" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.79369" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,243.47,62)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9756801" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.9513602" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,252.9,57)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0600004" y="4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.440001" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.98" y="-7.25"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.868435" y="-7.25"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 283.88,60.12 12.41,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,287.18,48.24)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.3" y="-3.8399999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.67" y="-8.7600002"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.497599" y="-8.7600002"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.850323" y="-8.7600002"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,338.48,53.87)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,342.88,57)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,350.94,62.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9756801" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,357.39,52.08)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.38" y="-4.9200001"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.720221" y="-4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.285736" y="-4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.826004" y="-4.9200001"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="57.853889" y="-4.9200001"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="64.105392" y="-4.9200001"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-210.21001" y="19.540001"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-202.14557" y="19.540001"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-197.98207" y="19.540001"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-191.73056" y="19.540001"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-184.10373" y="19.540001"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-172.06335" y="19.540001"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-165.81184" y="19.540001"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-140.68082" y="19.540001"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-132.61638" y="19.540001"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-128.45288" y="19.540001"> ∞</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-116.87511" y="19.540001"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-109.23577" y="19.540001"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-97.195381" y="19.540001"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-90.943886" y="19.540001"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="101.1" y="4.8400002"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="105.2635" y="4.8400002"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="111.515" y="4.8400002"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="114.64075" y="4.8400002"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="120.89225" y="4.8400002"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="127.14375" y="4.8400002"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,然后系统(<一个href="#eq15">3所示。9</一个>)成为<年代p一个n class="equation" id="eq17"> <svg height="10.9125" id="M86" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:22.375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 22.375 10.9125" width="22.375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.5145426" y="0"> /</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.990377" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span>唯一的参数系统(<一个href="#eq17">3.10</一个>)的频率比<年代vg height="10.9125" id="M87" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:22.375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 22.375 10.9125" width="22.375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.5145426" y="0"> /</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.990377" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。系列解决方案将开发、小型和大型的值有效<年代vg height="10.9125" id="M88" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:22.375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 22.375 10.9125" width="22.375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.5145426" y="0"> /</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.990377" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,分别。</p><h5 id="subsec3.1">3.1。小的值<年代vg height="10.9125" id="M89" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:37.974998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 37.974998 10.9125" width="37.974998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.977874" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.018263" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg></h5> <p>考虑一下这种情况:<年代vg height="7.1750002" id="M90" style="vertical-align:-0.1254pt;width:7.9749999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 7.9749999 7.1750002" width="7.9749999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.175)"> <g transform="translate(72,-66.26)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,这意味着板速度恒定值<年代vg height="14.625" id="M91" style="vertical-align:-3.25793pt;width:45.762501px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 45.762501 14.625" width="45.762501" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.3)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.527766" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.568155" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-40.31,60.47)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。让<年代vg height="53.712502" id="M92" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 53.712502" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,53.7125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-29.03)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,30.29,57.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,38.36,62.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="9.2200003"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9756801" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,47.58,57.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.880011" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,76.53,62.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="9.2200003"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,84.18,57.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.067076" y="0"> ′</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.680443" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,114.93,54.16)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,122.58,57.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,145.38,54.16)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,149.77,52.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.3699999" y="-4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.897285" y="-4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,174.74,62.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="9.2200003"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9756801" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.9513602" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,186.95,57.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.327718" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.054571" y="0"> ′</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.667938" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,217.69,62.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="9.2200003"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9756801" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,226.92,57.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,247.8,62.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9756801" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,254.25,57.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,262.32,62.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="9.2200003"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,269.97,57.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,290.85,62.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9756801" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.9513602" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,300.28,57.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,308.34,54.16)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,313.22,52.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.38" y="-4.9200001"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.720221" y="-4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.411007" y="-4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,356.7,54.16)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,365.04,57.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-222.74001" y="24.459999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.040389" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.291889" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,150.37,29.71)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,155.24,32.83)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.041828" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.082218" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.333717" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="61.464748" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,224.78,29.71)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,229.66,32.83)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> ∞</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.741277" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.368107" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.408497" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="41.659996" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="228.83" y="-14.56"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="232.9935" y="-14.56"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="239.245" y="-14.56"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="242.37074" y="-14.56"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="248.62225" y="-14.56"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="254.87375" y="-14.56"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,然后系统(<一个href="#eq17">3.10</一个>)给<年代p一个n class="equation" id="eq18"> <svg height="14.7125" id="M93" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:47.137501px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 47.137501 14.7125" width="47.137501" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.23)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-60.5,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-52.63,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></p> <p>该系统解决了数值使用拍摄方法和发现<年代vg height="10.9125" id="M94" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:43.037498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 43.037498 10.9125" width="43.037498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.028847" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.069235" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<年代vg height="17.975" id="M95" style="vertical-align:-4.28235pt;width:123.225px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 123.225 17.975" width="123.225" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,17.975)"> <g transform="translate(72,-57.62)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,61.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.89,67.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="9.2200003"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-59.01,61.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.041828" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.082218" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.646774" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="44.898273" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="48.024021" y="0"> 8</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="54.275524" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="60.527023" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="66.778526" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="73.030022" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="79.281525" y="0"> 8</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,<年代vg height="17.975" id="M96" style="vertical-align:-4.28235pt;width:34.525002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 34.525002 17.975" width="34.525002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,17.975)"> <g transform="translate(72,-57.62)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,61.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.89,67.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="9.2200003"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-59.01,61.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>这是在良好的协议与Glauert获得的价值(<一个href="#B17">17</一个>]。数值的<年代vg height="14.3625" id="M97" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:19.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 19.9375 14.3625" width="19.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.51)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-60.5,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>为不同的值<年代vg height="10.325" id="M98" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:17.237499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.237499 10.325" width="17.237499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<年代vg height="10.9125" id="M99" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:43.037498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 43.037498 10.9125" width="43.037498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.028847" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.069235" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>如表所示<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijmms/2008/573425/tab1/" target="_blank">1</一个>。这些值是在良好的协议与价值观得到Labropulu et al。<一个href="#B20">20.</一个>]<年代vg height="14.625" id="M100" style="vertical-align:-3.25793pt;width:16.299999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16.299999 14.625" width="16.299999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.3)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.89,60.47)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijmms/2008/573425/fig4/" target="_blank">4</一个>描述了配置文件的<年代vg height="14.3625" id="M101" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:19.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 19.9375 14.3625" width="19.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.51)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-60.5,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>不同的价值观<年代vg height="10.9125" id="M102" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:43.037498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 43.037498 10.9125" width="43.037498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.028847" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.069235" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<年代vg height="14.625" id="M103" style="vertical-align:-3.25793pt;width:16.299999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16.299999 14.625" width="16.299999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.3)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.89,60.47)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijmms/2008/573425/fig5/" target="_blank">5</一个>显示的资料<年代vg height="10.325" id="M104" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:17.237499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.237499 10.325" width="17.237499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>对各种<年代vg height="14.7125" id="M105" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:58.862499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 58.862499 14.7125" width="58.862499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.23)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-60.5,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-52.63,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.405136" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>当<年代vg height="14.75" id="M106" style="vertical-align:-3.25793pt;width:34.525002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 34.525002 14.75" width="34.525002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.75)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.2)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.89,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-59.01,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.402496" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。</p><div class="partial-carousel-wrapper"> <div class="floats-partial-section"> <div class="floats-partial-content"> <div class="partial-carousel--full-image partial-carousel-ebe8b304e99e0e3237c8daa655f53398"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/ijmms/volume-2008/573425/figures/573425.fig.004.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs"> <div class="partial-carousel-dots-ebe8b304e99e0e3237c8daa655f53398 partial-carousel-thumbnail"> <button aria-label="Slide to " class="partial-carousel-dot"><img loading="lazy" alt="" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/ijmms/volume-2008/573425/thumbnails/573425.fig.004_th.jpg"><br><strong></strong></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle--nav"> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev-ebe8b304e99e0e3237c8daa655f53398 partial-carousel-next-prev"> <button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-prev"></button> <button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-next"></button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图4</年代p一个n> <a aria-label="View full page" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijmms/2008/573425/fig4/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>的变化<年代vg height="17.362499" id="M107" style="vertical-align:-4.15506pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 36.224998 17.362499" width="36.224998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,12.138)"> <path d="M542 242q0 -106 -80 -176.5t-192 -72.5l-55 -251l-6 -3q-18 7 -28 38t1 91l23 124q-85 16 -133.5 72.5t-48.5 137.5q0 95 62.5 159.5t166.5 97.5l14 -31q-77 -32 -115 -82.5t-38 -128.5q0 -63 31.5 -107t74.5 -59l125 597l56 43l16 -10l-40 -168q-9 -40 3 -45 q77 -33 120 -85.5t43 -140.5zM469 232q0 67 -37 115t-77 62l-76 -370q89 -4 139.5 52.5t50.5 140.5z" id="x1D719"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,9.663,17.162)"> <path d="M241 635q53 0 94 -28.5t63.5 -76t33.5 -102.5t11 -116q0 -58 -11 -112.5t-34 -103.5t-63.5 -78.5t-94.5 -29.5t-95 28t-64.5 75t-34.5 102.5t-11 118.5q0 58 11.5 112.5t34.5 103t64.5 78t95.5 29.5zM238 602q-32 0 -55.5 -25t-35.5 -68t-17.5 -91t-5.5 -105 q0 -76 10 -138.5t37 -107.5t69 -45q32 0 55.5 25t35.5 68.5t17.5 91.5t5.5 105t-5.5 105.5t-18 92t-36 68t-56.5 24.5z" id="x30"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,16,12.138)"> <path d="M300 -147l-18 -23q-106 71 -159 185.5t-53 254.5v1q0 139 53 252.5t159 186.5l18 -24q-74 -62 -115.5 -173.5t-41.5 -242.5q0 -130 41.5 -242.5t115.5 -174.5z" id="x28"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,21.882,12.138)"> <path d="M471 401q0 -32 -14 -91l-83 -376q-30 -146 -21 -180l-7 -15q-22 0 -47.5 23.5t-25.5 40.5q0 49 53 271l53 224q4 18 6.5 31t3.5 22.5t1 15t-2 9t-4.5 4.5t-6.5 1q-31 0 -100.5 -63.5t-126.5 -145.5q-16 -53 -40 -163q-48 -11 -74 -21l-7 8l82 341q9 36 -4 36 q-8 0 -28.5 -14t-38.5 -32l-17 22q41 43 85 71t66 28q23 0 23 -39q0 -19 -10 -64l-24 -103h2q77 101 201 182q37 24 74 24q31 0 31 -47z" id="x1D702"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,30.279,12.138)"> <path d="M275 270q0 -296 -211 -440l-19 23q75 62 116.5 174t41.5 243t-42 243t-116 173l19 24q211 -144 211 -440z" id="x29"></path> </g> </svg>对各种<年代vg height="15.4" id="M108" style="vertical-align:-3.3907pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 22.950001 15.4" width="22.950001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.112)"> <path d="M1004 650l-6 -29q-54 -6 -71 -19.5t-51 -74.5l-271 -539h-33l-98 506h-3l-258 -506h-30l-78 532q-10 67 -21.5 80t-66.5 21l6 29h241l-8 -29l-26 -5q-34 -6 -41 -16t-3 -47l59 -425h4l251 510h31l102 -510h2q150 299 198 423q14 40 8.5 48.5t-47.5 16.5l-28 5l7 29h231z " id="x1D44A"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,17.338,15.187)"> <path d="M391 364q0 -28 -20.5 -53.5t-50 -43.5t-70 -34t-73.5 -25t-68 -17v-29q0 -48 20 -81t65 -33q73 0 157 76l16 -23q-107 -113 -221 -113q-21 0 -40.5 6.5t-39 22t-31.5 47t-12 75.5q0 69 33.5 139.5t95.5 114.5q77 55 143 55q42 0 69 -24.5t27 -59.5zM313 350 q0 26 -14.5 40.5t-37.5 14.5q-32 0 -44 -7q-82 -46 -104 -175q200 49 200 127z" id="x1D452"></path> </g> </svg>和<年代vg height="11.375" id="M109" style="vertical-align:-0.1638pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 48.9375 11.375" width="48.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.112)"> <path d="M998 650l-8 -28q-71 -4 -86 -16t-22 -69l-50 -397q-3 -28 -4.5 -44t2 -29t6.5 -18.5t17 -10.5t24.5 -6.5t37.5 -3.5l-8 -28h-271l7 28q63 6 78 22t25 90l60 415h-2l-353 -552h-23l-130 536h-2l-70 -254q-44 -158 -47 -188q-5 -38 9 -51t71 -18l-6 -28h-241l8 28 q45 4 67 18.5t35 45.5q16 38 74 233l52 173q24 79 11.5 98t-89.5 26l6 28h177l136 -508l337 508h172z" id="x1D440"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,22.127,11.112)"> <path d="M535 323h-483v50h483v-50zM535 138h-483v50h483v-50z" id="x3D"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,36.831,11.112)"> <path d="M241 635q53 0 94 -28.5t63.5 -76t33.5 -102.5t11 -116q0 -58 -11 -112.5t-34 -103.5t-63.5 -78.5t-94.5 -29.5t-95 28t-64.5 75t-34.5 102.5t-11 118.5q0 58 11.5 112.5t34.5 103t64.5 78t95.5 29.5zM238 602q-32 0 -55.5 -25t-35.5 -68t-17.5 -91t-5.5 -105 q0 -76 10 -138.5t37 -107.5t69 -45q32 0 55.5 25t35.5 68.5t17.5 91.5t5.5 105t-5.5 105.5t-18 92t-36 68t-56.5 24.5z" id="x30"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,44.99,11.112)"> <path d="M113 -12q-24 0 -39.5 16t-15.5 42q0 24 16 40.5t40 16.5t40 -16.5t16 -40.5q0 -26 -16 -42t-41 -16z" id="x2E"></path> </g> </svg></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="partial-carousel-wrapper"> <div class="floats-partial-section"> <div class="floats-partial-content"> <div class="partial-carousel--full-image partial-carousel-546c936fdd630b5ae9e5c1b0c6391938"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/ijmms/volume-2008/573425/figures/573425.fig.005.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs"> <div class="partial-carousel-dots-546c936fdd630b5ae9e5c1b0c6391938 partial-carousel-thumbnail"> <button aria-label="Slide to " class="partial-carousel-dot"><img loading="lazy" alt="" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/ijmms/volume-2008/573425/thumbnails/573425.fig.005_th.jpg"><br><strong></strong></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle--nav"> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev-546c936fdd630b5ae9e5c1b0c6391938 partial-carousel-next-prev"> <button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-prev"></button> <button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-next"></button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图5</年代p一个n> <a aria-label="View full page" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijmms/2008/573425/fig5/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>的变化<年代vg height="17.362499" id="M110" style="vertical-align:-4.15506pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 36.224998 17.362499" width="36.224998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,12.138)"> <path d="M542 242q0 -106 -80 -176.5t-192 -72.5l-55 -251l-6 -3q-18 7 -28 38t1 91l23 124q-85 16 -133.5 72.5t-48.5 137.5q0 95 62.5 159.5t166.5 97.5l14 -31q-77 -32 -115 -82.5t-38 -128.5q0 -63 31.5 -107t74.5 -59l125 597l56 43l16 -10l-40 -168q-9 -40 3 -45 q77 -33 120 -85.5t43 -140.5zM469 232q0 67 -37 115t-77 62l-76 -370q89 -4 139.5 52.5t50.5 140.5z" id="x1D719"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,9.663,17.162)"> <path d="M241 635q53 0 94 -28.5t63.5 -76t33.5 -102.5t11 -116q0 -58 -11 -112.5t-34 -103.5t-63.5 -78.5t-94.5 -29.5t-95 28t-64.5 75t-34.5 102.5t-11 118.5q0 58 11.5 112.5t34.5 103t64.5 78t95.5 29.5zM238 602q-32 0 -55.5 -25t-35.5 -68t-17.5 -91t-5.5 -105 q0 -76 10 -138.5t37 -107.5t69 -45q32 0 55.5 25t35.5 68.5t17.5 91.5t5.5 105t-5.5 105.5t-18 92t-36 68t-56.5 24.5z" id="x30"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,16,12.138)"> <path d="M300 -147l-18 -23q-106 71 -159 185.5t-53 254.5v1q0 139 53 252.5t159 186.5l18 -24q-74 -62 -115.5 -173.5t-41.5 -242.5q0 -130 41.5 -242.5t115.5 -174.5z" id="x28"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,21.882,12.138)"> <path d="M471 401q0 -32 -14 -91l-83 -376q-30 -146 -21 -180l-7 -15q-22 0 -47.5 23.5t-25.5 40.5q0 49 53 271l53 224q4 18 6.5 31t3.5 22.5t1 15t-2 9t-4.5 4.5t-6.5 1q-31 0 -100.5 -63.5t-126.5 -145.5q-16 -53 -40 -163q-48 -11 -74 -21l-7 8l82 341q9 36 -4 36 q-8 0 -28.5 -14t-38.5 -32l-17 22q41 43 85 71t66 28q23 0 23 -39q0 -19 -10 -64l-24 -103h2q77 101 201 182q37 24 74 24q31 0 31 -47z" id="x1D702"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,30.279,12.138)"> <path d="M275 270q0 -296 -211 -440l-19 23q75 62 116.5 174t41.5 243t-42 243t-116 173l19 24q211 -144 211 -440z" id="x29"></path> </g> </svg>对各种<年代vg height="11.175" id="M111" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.475 11.175" width="17.475" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.113)"> <path d="M998 650l-8 -28q-71 -4 -86 -16t-22 -69l-50 -397q-3 -28 -4.5 -44t2 -29t6.5 -18.5t17 -10.5t24.5 -6.5t37.5 -3.5l-8 -28h-271l7 28q63 6 78 22t25 90l60 415h-2l-353 -552h-23l-130 536h-2l-70 -254q-44 -158 -47 -188q-5 -38 9 -51t71 -18l-6 -28h-241l8 28 q45 4 67 18.5t35 45.5q16 38 74 233l52 173q24 79 11.5 98t-89.5 26l6 28h177l136 -508l337 508h172z" id="x1D440"></path> </g> </svg>和<年代vg height="15.4" id="M112" style="vertical-align:-3.3907pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 66.4375 15.4" width="66.4375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.112)"> <path d="M1004 650l-6 -29q-54 -6 -71 -19.5t-51 -74.5l-271 -539h-33l-98 506h-3l-258 -506h-30l-78 532q-10 67 -21.5 80t-66.5 21l6 29h241l-8 -29l-26 -5q-34 -6 -41 -16t-3 -47l59 -425h4l251 510h31l102 -510h2q150 299 198 423q14 40 8.5 48.5t-47.5 16.5l-28 5l7 29h231z " id="x1D44A"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,17.338,15.187)"> <path d="M391 364q0 -28 -20.5 -53.5t-50 -43.5t-70 -34t-73.5 -25t-68 -17v-29q0 -48 20 -81t65 -33q73 0 157 76l16 -23q-107 -113 -221 -113q-21 0 -40.5 6.5t-39 22t-31.5 47t-12 75.5q0 69 33.5 139.5t95.5 114.5q77 55 143 55q42 0 69 -24.5t27 -59.5zM313 350 q0 26 -14.5 40.5t-37.5 14.5q-32 0 -44 -7q-82 -46 -104 -175q200 49 200 127z" id="x1D452"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,27.6,11.112)"> <path d="M535 323h-483v50h483v-50zM535 138h-483v50h483v-50z" id="x3D"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,42.287,11.112)"> <path d="M241 635q53 0 94 -28.5t63.5 -76t33.5 -102.5t11 -116q0 -58 -11 -112.5t-34 -103.5t-63.5 -78.5t-94.5 -29.5t-95 28t-64.5 75t-34.5 102.5t-11 118.5q0 58 11.5 112.5t34.5 103t64.5 78t95.5 29.5zM238 602q-32 0 -55.5 -25t-35.5 -68t-17.5 -91t-5.5 -105 q0 -76 10 -138.5t37 -107.5t69 -45q32 0 55.5 25t35.5 68.5t17.5 91.5t5.5 105t-5.5 105.5t-18 92t-36 68t-56.5 24.5z" id="x30"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,50.463,11.112)"> <path d="M113 -12q-24 0 -39.5 16t-15.5 42q0 24 16 40.5t40 16.5t40 -16.5t16 -40.5q0 -26 -16 -42t-41 -16z" id="x2E"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,54.339,11.112)"> <path d="M384 0h-275v27q67 5 81.5 18.5t14.5 68.5v385q0 38 -7.5 47.5t-40.5 10.5l-48 2v24q85 15 178 52v-521q0 -55 14.5 -68.5t82.5 -18.5v-27z" id="x31"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,62.498,11.112)"> <path d="M113 -12q-24 0 -39.5 16t-15.5 42q0 24 16 40.5t40 16.5t40 -16.5t16 -40.5q0 -26 -16 -42t-41 -16z" id="x2E"></path> </g> </svg></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> <p>小,但非零值<年代vg height="48.262501" id="M113" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 48.262501" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,48.2625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-33.39)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,46.85,49.77)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.064435" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.227934" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.479433" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.106264" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,89.03,65.71)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ∞</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,85,43.22)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,85.72,36.04)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3497438" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.344864" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,101.16,44.85)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.5600004" y="-12.17"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.448433" y="-12.17"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 109.72,52.9 12.4,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,113.01,41.02)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.31" y="-3.8299999"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,130.92,62.41)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,135.77,49.77)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,143.83,46.64)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,148.68,49.77)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.402496" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.041828" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.082218" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,186.83,46.64)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,191.71,49.77)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.402496" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.341661" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.889999" y="-7.25"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.778435" y="-7.25"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 221.6,52.9 12.41,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,224.9,41.02)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.3" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,243.27,46.64)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,248.14,49.77)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.700001" y="4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.354164" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.259998" y="-7.25"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="41.148434" y="-7.25"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 285.4,52.9 12.4,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,288.69,41.02)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.31" y="-3.8299999"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,306.6,62.41)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,311.47,49.77)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,319.54,46.64)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,324.41,49.77)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.354164" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.694386" y="0"> ⋯</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.360165" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="134.08" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="138.2435" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="144.495" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="147.62074" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="153.87225" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="160.12375" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,我们让<年代p一个n class="equation" id="eq19"> <svg height="12.3" id="M114" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-1.29163pt;width:35.099998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 35.099998 12.3" width="35.099998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.3)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.16)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.6773224" y="0"> ≥</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.71771" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></p> <p>用(<一个href="#eq19">3.12</一个>)(<一个href="#eq17">3.10</一个>),我们得到的<年代vg height="53.712502" id="M115" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 53.712502" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,53.7125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-29.03)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-4.78,57.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,3.28,62.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="8.1999998"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9756801" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,12.51,57.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.880011" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,41.46,62.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="8.1999998"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,49.08,57.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.067076" y="0"> ′</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.680443" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,79.83,54.16)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,87.46,57.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.327718" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,110.25,54.16)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,114.65,52.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.3600001" y="-4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.887285" y="-4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,139.61,62.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="8.1999998"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9756801" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.9513602" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,151.82,57.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.067076" y="0"> ′</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.680443" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,182.57,62.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="8.1999998"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9756801" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,191.79,57.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,212.68,62.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9756801" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,219.13,57.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,227.19,62.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="8.1999998"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,234.82,57.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.327718" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,255.7,62.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9756801" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.9513602" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,265.13,57.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,273.19,54.16)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,278.04,52.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.38" y="-4.9200001"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.720221" y="-4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.411007" y="-4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,321.52,54.16)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,329.84,57.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,349.94,54.16)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3497438" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.344864" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,367.94,57.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,390.73,54.16)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,395.13,57.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,403.19,62.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9756801" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="9.2200003"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3497438" y="9.2200003"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.344864" y="9.2200003"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,418.41,57.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-276.07999" y="24.459999"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,150.39,29.71)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,155.24,32.83)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.041828" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.082218" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.333717" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="61.464748" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,224.78,29.71)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,229.63,32.83)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> ∞</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.741277" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.368107" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.408497" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="41.659996" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="228.86" y="-14.56"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="233.0235" y="-14.56"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="239.27499" y="-14.56"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="242.40074" y="-14.56"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="248.65225" y="-14.56"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="254.90375" y="-14.56"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg><span class="equation" id="eq20"> <svg height="10.8125" id="M116" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0.10033pt;width:35.099998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 35.099998 10.8125" width="35.099998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.8125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.35)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.6773224" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.71771" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></p> <p>这个系统可以通过使用数值求解扰动技术或有限差分格式。数值积分的系统(<一个href="#eq20">3.13</一个>)<年代vg height="14.7125" id="M117" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:47.137501px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 47.137501 14.7125" width="47.137501" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.23)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-60.5,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-52.63,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>使用有限差分技术提供<年代vg height="10.9125" id="M118" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:43.037498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 43.037498 10.9125" width="43.037498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.028847" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.069235" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<年代vg height="17.825001" id="M119" style="vertical-align:-4.15945pt;width:115.4125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 115.4125 17.825001" width="115.4125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,17.825)"> <g transform="translate(72,-57.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,61.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.89,67.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="9.2200003"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-59.01,61.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.041828" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.082218" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.646774" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="44.898273" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="48.024021" y="0"> 4</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="54.275524" y="0"> 9</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="60.527023" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="66.778526" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="73.030022" y="0"> 7</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,<年代vg height="17.825001" id="M120" style="vertical-align:-4.15945pt;width:34.525002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 34.525002 17.825001" width="34.525002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,17.825)"> <g transform="translate(72,-57.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,61.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.89,67.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="9.2200003"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-59.01,61.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>在良好的协议与Glauert的价值(<一个href="#B17">17</一个>]。数值的<年代vg height="14.3625" id="M121" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:19.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 19.9375 14.3625" width="19.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.51)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-60.5,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>为不同的值<年代vg height="10.325" id="M122" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:17.237499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.237499 10.325" width="17.237499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<年代vg height="10.9125" id="M123" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:43.037498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 43.037498 10.9125" width="43.037498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.028847" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.069235" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>如表所示<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijmms/2008/573425/tab1/" target="_blank">1</一个>。这些值是在良好的协议与Labropulu et al。<一个href="#B20">20.</一个>]<年代vg height="14.475" id="M124" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:16.299999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16.299999 14.475" width="16.299999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.475)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.42)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.89,60.47)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijmms/2008/573425/fig6/" target="_blank">6</一个>显示的资料<年代vg height="14.3625" id="M125" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:19.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 19.9375 14.3625" width="19.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.51)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-60.5,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>不同的价值观<年代vg height="10.6875" id="M126" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:43.037498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 43.037498 10.6875" width="43.037498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.6875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.45)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.028847" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.069235" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<年代vg height="14.475" id="M127" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:16.299999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16.299999 14.475" width="16.299999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.475)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.42)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.89,60.47)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijmms/2008/573425/fig7/" target="_blank">7</一个>描述了配置文件的<年代vg height="10.325" id="M128" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:17.237499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.237499 10.325" width="17.237499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>不同的价值观<年代vg height="14.7125" id="M129" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:62.762501px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 62.762501 14.7125" width="62.762501" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.23)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-60.5,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-52.63,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.405136" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.656635" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<年代vg height="14.6" id="M130" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:34.525002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 34.525002 14.6" width="34.525002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.6)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.32)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.89,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-59.01,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.402496" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg></p> <div class="partial-carousel-wrapper"> <div class="floats-partial-section"> <div class="floats-partial-content"> <div class="partial-carousel--full-image partial-carousel-c76a4df6c71273dd94e90b2af3836706"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/ijmms/volume-2008/573425/figures/573425.fig.006.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs"> <div class="partial-carousel-dots-c76a4df6c71273dd94e90b2af3836706 partial-carousel-thumbnail"> <button aria-label="Slide to " class="partial-carousel-dot"><img loading="lazy" alt="" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/ijmms/volume-2008/573425/thumbnails/573425.fig.006_th.jpg"><br><strong></strong></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle--nav"> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev-c76a4df6c71273dd94e90b2af3836706 partial-carousel-next-prev"> <button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-prev"></button> <button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-next"></button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图6</年代p一个n> <a aria-label="View full page" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijmms/2008/573425/fig6/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>的变化<年代vg height="17.225" id="M131" style="vertical-align:-4.0404pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 36.224998 17.225" width="36.224998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,12.138)"> <path d="M542 242q0 -106 -80 -176.5t-192 -72.5l-55 -251l-6 -3q-18 7 -28 38t1 91l23 124q-85 16 -133.5 72.5t-48.5 137.5q0 95 62.5 159.5t166.5 97.5l14 -31q-77 -32 -115 -82.5t-38 -128.5q0 -63 31.5 -107t74.5 -59l125 597l56 43l16 -10l-40 -168q-9 -40 3 -45 q77 -33 120 -85.5t43 -140.5zM469 232q0 67 -37 115t-77 62l-76 -370q89 -4 139.5 52.5t50.5 140.5z" id="x1D719"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,9.663,17.162)"> <path d="M384 0h-275v27q67 5 81.5 18.5t14.5 68.5v385q0 38 -7.5 47.5t-40.5 10.5l-48 2v24q85 15 178 52v-521q0 -55 14.5 -68.5t82.5 -18.5v-27z" id="x31"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,16,12.138)"> <path d="M300 -147l-18 -23q-106 71 -159 185.5t-53 254.5v1q0 139 53 252.5t159 186.5l18 -24q-74 -62 -115.5 -173.5t-41.5 -242.5q0 -130 41.5 -242.5t115.5 -174.5z" id="x28"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,21.882,12.138)"> <path d="M471 401q0 -32 -14 -91l-83 -376q-30 -146 -21 -180l-7 -15q-22 0 -47.5 23.5t-25.5 40.5q0 49 53 271l53 224q4 18 6.5 31t3.5 22.5t1 15t-2 9t-4.5 4.5t-6.5 1q-31 0 -100.5 -63.5t-126.5 -145.5q-16 -53 -40 -163q-48 -11 -74 -21l-7 8l82 341q9 36 -4 36 q-8 0 -28.5 -14t-38.5 -32l-17 22q41 43 85 71t66 28q23 0 23 -39q0 -19 -10 -64l-24 -103h2q77 101 201 182q37 24 74 24q31 0 31 -47z" id="x1D702"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,30.279,12.138)"> <path d="M275 270q0 -296 -211 -440l-19 23q75 62 116.5 174t41.5 243t-42 243t-116 173l19 24q211 -144 211 -440z" id="x29"></path> </g> </svg>对各种<年代vg height="15.4" id="M132" style="vertical-align:-3.3907pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 22.950001 15.4" width="22.950001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.112)"> <path d="M1004 650l-6 -29q-54 -6 -71 -19.5t-51 -74.5l-271 -539h-33l-98 506h-3l-258 -506h-30l-78 532q-10 67 -21.5 80t-66.5 21l6 29h241l-8 -29l-26 -5q-34 -6 -41 -16t-3 -47l59 -425h4l251 510h31l102 -510h2q150 299 198 423q14 40 8.5 48.5t-47.5 16.5l-28 5l7 29h231z " id="x1D44A"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,17.338,15.187)"> <path d="M391 364q0 -28 -20.5 -53.5t-50 -43.5t-70 -34t-73.5 -25t-68 -17v-29q0 -48 20 -81t65 -33q73 0 157 76l16 -23q-107 -113 -221 -113q-21 0 -40.5 6.5t-39 22t-31.5 47t-12 75.5q0 69 33.5 139.5t95.5 114.5q77 55 143 55q42 0 69 -24.5t27 -59.5zM313 350 q0 26 -14.5 40.5t-37.5 14.5q-32 0 -44 -7q-82 -46 -104 -175q200 49 200 127z" id="x1D452"></path> </g> </svg>和<年代vg height="11.375" id="M133" style="vertical-align:-0.1638pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 48.9375 11.375" width="48.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.112)"> <path d="M998 650l-8 -28q-71 -4 -86 -16t-22 -69l-50 -397q-3 -28 -4.5 -44t2 -29t6.5 -18.5t17 -10.5t24.5 -6.5t37.5 -3.5l-8 -28h-271l7 28q63 6 78 22t25 90l60 415h-2l-353 -552h-23l-130 536h-2l-70 -254q-44 -158 -47 -188q-5 -38 9 -51t71 -18l-6 -28h-241l8 28 q45 4 67 18.5t35 45.5q16 38 74 233l52 173q24 79 11.5 98t-89.5 26l6 28h177l136 -508l337 508h172z" id="x1D440"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,22.127,11.112)"> <path d="M535 323h-483v50h483v-50zM535 138h-483v50h483v-50z" id="x3D"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,36.831,11.112)"> <path d="M384 0h-275v27q67 5 81.5 18.5t14.5 68.5v385q0 38 -7.5 47.5t-40.5 10.5l-48 2v24q85 15 178 52v-521q0 -55 14.5 -68.5t82.5 -18.5v-27z" id="x31"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,44.99,11.112)"> <path d="M113 -12q-24 0 -39.5 16t-15.5 42q0 24 16 40.5t40 16.5t40 -16.5t16 -40.5q0 -26 -16 -42t-41 -16z" id="x2E"></path> </g> </svg></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="partial-carousel-wrapper"> <div class="floats-partial-section"> <div class="floats-partial-content"> <div class="partial-carousel--full-image partial-carousel-d820583a17ead360d0c3ec24dd848551"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/ijmms/volume-2008/573425/figures/573425.fig.007.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs"> <div class="partial-carousel-dots-d820583a17ead360d0c3ec24dd848551 partial-carousel-thumbnail"> <button aria-label="Slide to " class="partial-carousel-dot"><img loading="lazy" alt="" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/ijmms/volume-2008/573425/thumbnails/573425.fig.007_th.jpg"><br><strong></strong></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle--nav"> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev-d820583a17ead360d0c3ec24dd848551 partial-carousel-next-prev"> <button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-prev"></button> <button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-next"></button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图7</年代p一个n> <a aria-label="View full page" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijmms/2008/573425/fig7/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>的变化<年代vg height="17.225" id="M134" style="vertical-align:-4.0404pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 36.224998 17.225" width="36.224998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,12.138)"> <path d="M542 242q0 -106 -80 -176.5t-192 -72.5l-55 -251l-6 -3q-18 7 -28 38t1 91l23 124q-85 16 -133.5 72.5t-48.5 137.5q0 95 62.5 159.5t166.5 97.5l14 -31q-77 -32 -115 -82.5t-38 -128.5q0 -63 31.5 -107t74.5 -59l125 597l56 43l16 -10l-40 -168q-9 -40 3 -45 q77 -33 120 -85.5t43 -140.5zM469 232q0 67 -37 115t-77 62l-76 -370q89 -4 139.5 52.5t50.5 140.5z" id="x1D719"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,9.663,17.162)"> <path d="M384 0h-275v27q67 5 81.5 18.5t14.5 68.5v385q0 38 -7.5 47.5t-40.5 10.5l-48 2v24q85 15 178 52v-521q0 -55 14.5 -68.5t82.5 -18.5v-27z" id="x31"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,16,12.138)"> <path d="M300 -147l-18 -23q-106 71 -159 185.5t-53 254.5v1q0 139 53 252.5t159 186.5l18 -24q-74 -62 -115.5 -173.5t-41.5 -242.5q0 -130 41.5 -242.5t115.5 -174.5z" id="x28"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,21.882,12.138)"> <path d="M471 401q0 -32 -14 -91l-83 -376q-30 -146 -21 -180l-7 -15q-22 0 -47.5 23.5t-25.5 40.5q0 49 53 271l53 224q4 18 6.5 31t3.5 22.5t1 15t-2 9t-4.5 4.5t-6.5 1q-31 0 -100.5 -63.5t-126.5 -145.5q-16 -53 -40 -163q-48 -11 -74 -21l-7 8l82 341q9 36 -4 36 q-8 0 -28.5 -14t-38.5 -32l-17 22q41 43 85 71t66 28q23 0 23 -39q0 -19 -10 -64l-24 -103h2q77 101 201 182q37 24 74 24q31 0 31 -47z" id="x1D702"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,30.279,12.138)"> <path d="M275 270q0 -296 -211 -440l-19 23q75 62 116.5 174t41.5 243t-42 243t-116 173l19 24q211 -144 211 -440z" id="x29"></path> </g> </svg>对各种<年代vg height="11.175" id="M135" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.475 11.175" width="17.475" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.113)"> <path d="M998 650l-8 -28q-71 -4 -86 -16t-22 -69l-50 -397q-3 -28 -4.5 -44t2 -29t6.5 -18.5t17 -10.5t24.5 -6.5t37.5 -3.5l-8 -28h-271l7 28q63 6 78 22t25 90l60 415h-2l-353 -552h-23l-130 536h-2l-70 -254q-44 -158 -47 -188q-5 -38 9 -51t71 -18l-6 -28h-241l8 28 q45 4 67 18.5t35 45.5q16 38 74 233l52 173q24 79 11.5 98t-89.5 26l6 28h177l136 -508l337 508h172z" id="x1D440"></path> </g> </svg>和<年代vg height="15.4" id="M136" style="vertical-align:-3.3907pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 66.4375 15.4" width="66.4375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.112)"> <path d="M1004 650l-6 -29q-54 -6 -71 -19.5t-51 -74.5l-271 -539h-33l-98 506h-3l-258 -506h-30l-78 532q-10 67 -21.5 80t-66.5 21l6 29h241l-8 -29l-26 -5q-34 -6 -41 -16t-3 -47l59 -425h4l251 510h31l102 -510h2q150 299 198 423q14 40 8.5 48.5t-47.5 16.5l-28 5l7 29h231z " id="x1D44A"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,17.338,15.187)"> <path d="M391 364q0 -28 -20.5 -53.5t-50 -43.5t-70 -34t-73.5 -25t-68 -17v-29q0 -48 20 -81t65 -33q73 0 157 76l16 -23q-107 -113 -221 -113q-21 0 -40.5 6.5t-39 22t-31.5 47t-12 75.5q0 69 33.5 139.5t95.5 114.5q77 55 143 55q42 0 69 -24.5t27 -59.5zM313 350 q0 26 -14.5 40.5t-37.5 14.5q-32 0 -44 -7q-82 -46 -104 -175q200 49 200 127z" id="x1D452"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,27.6,11.112)"> <path d="M535 323h-483v50h483v-50zM535 138h-483v50h483v-50z" id="x3D"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,42.287,11.112)"> <path d="M241 635q53 0 94 -28.5t63.5 -76t33.5 -102.5t11 -116q0 -58 -11 -112.5t-34 -103.5t-63.5 -78.5t-94.5 -29.5t-95 28t-64.5 75t-34.5 102.5t-11 118.5q0 58 11.5 112.5t34.5 103t64.5 78t95.5 29.5zM238 602q-32 0 -55.5 -25t-35.5 -68t-17.5 -91t-5.5 -105 q0 -76 10 -138.5t37 -107.5t69 -45q32 0 55.5 25t35.5 68.5t17.5 91.5t5.5 105t-5.5 105.5t-18 92t-36 68t-56.5 24.5z" id="x30"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,50.463,11.112)"> <path d="M113 -12q-24 0 -39.5 16t-15.5 42q0 24 16 40.5t40 16.5t40 -16.5t16 -40.5q0 -26 -16 -42t-41 -16z" id="x2E"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,54.339,11.112)"> <path d="M412 140l28 -9q0 -2 -35 -131h-373v23q112 112 161 170q59 70 92 127t33 115q0 63 -31 98t-86 35q-75 0 -137 -93l-22 20l57 81q55 59 135 59q69 0 118.5 -46.5t49.5 -122.5q0 -62 -29.5 -114t-102.5 -130l-141 -149h186q42 0 58.5 10.5t38.5 56.5z" id="x32"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,62.498,11.112)"> <path d="M113 -12q-24 0 -39.5 16t-15.5 42q0 24 16 40.5t40 16.5t40 -16.5t16 -40.5q0 -26 -16 -42t-41 -16z" id="x2E"></path> </g> </svg></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> <p>数值积分的系统(<一个href="#eq20">3.13</一个>)<年代vg height="14.7125" id="M137" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:47.137501px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 47.137501 14.7125" width="47.137501" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.23)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-60.5,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-52.63,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>使用有限差分技术提供<年代vg height="10.9125" id="M138" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:43.037498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 43.037498 10.9125" width="43.037498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.028847" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.069235" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<年代vg height="17.825001" id="M139" style="vertical-align:-4.15945pt;width:120.3375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 120.3375 17.825001" width="120.3375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,17.825)"> <g transform="translate(72,-57.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,61.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.89,67.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="9.2200003"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-59.01,61.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.041828" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.082218" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.333717" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.459469" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.710968" y="0"> 9</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="51.962467" y="0"> 4</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="58.213966" y="0"> 5</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="64.465469" y="0"> 4</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="70.716965" y="0"> 8</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="76.968468" y="0"> 8</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,<年代vg height="17.825001" id="M140" style="vertical-align:-4.15945pt;width:34.525002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 34.525002 17.825001" width="34.525002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,17.825)"> <g transform="translate(72,-57.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,61.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.89,67.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="9.2200003"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-59.01,61.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>在良好的协议与Glauert的价值(<一个href="#B17">17</一个>]。数值的<年代vg height="14.3625" id="M141" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:19.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 19.9375 14.3625" width="19.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.51)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-60.5,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>为不同的值<年代vg height="10.325" id="M142" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:17.237499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.237499 10.325" width="17.237499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<年代vg height="10.9125" id="M143" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:43.037498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 43.037498 10.9125" width="43.037498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.028847" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.069235" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>如表所示<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijmms/2008/573425/tab1/" target="_blank">1</一个>。这些值是在良好的协议与Labropulu et al。<一个href="#B20">20.</一个>)当<年代vg height="14.475" id="M144" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:16.299999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16.299999 14.475" width="16.299999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.475)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.42)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.89,60.47)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijmms/2008/573425/fig8/" target="_blank">8</一个>描述了配置文件的<年代vg height="14.3625" id="M145" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:19.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 19.9375 14.3625" width="19.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.51)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-60.5,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>不同的价值观<年代vg height="10.6875" id="M146" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:43.037498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 43.037498 10.6875" width="43.037498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.6875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.45)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.028847" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.069235" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<年代vg height="14.475" id="M147" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:16.299999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16.299999 14.475" width="16.299999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.475)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.42)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.89,60.47)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijmms/2008/573425/fig9/" target="_blank">9</一个>显示的资料<年代vg height="10.325" id="M148" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:17.237499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.237499 10.325" width="17.237499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>不同的价值观<年代vg height="14.7125" id="M149" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:58.862499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 58.862499 14.7125" width="58.862499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.23)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-60.5,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-52.63,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.405136" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<年代vg height="14.6" id="M150" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:34.525002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 34.525002 14.6" width="34.525002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.6)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.32)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.89,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-59.01,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.402496" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。</p><div class="partial-carousel-wrapper"> <div class="floats-partial-section"> <div class="floats-partial-content"> <div class="partial-carousel--full-image partial-carousel-a40ad732af4fdba05e965b9ecfac32ec"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/ijmms/volume-2008/573425/figures/573425.fig.008.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs"> <div class="partial-carousel-dots-a40ad732af4fdba05e965b9ecfac32ec partial-carousel-thumbnail"> <button aria-label="Slide to " class="partial-carousel-dot"><img loading="lazy" alt="" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/ijmms/volume-2008/573425/thumbnails/573425.fig.008_th.jpg"><br><strong></strong></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle--nav"> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev-a40ad732af4fdba05e965b9ecfac32ec partial-carousel-next-prev"> <button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-prev"></button> <button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-next"></button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图8</年代p一个n> <a aria-label="View full page" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijmms/2008/573425/fig8/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>的变化<年代vg height="17.225" id="M151" style="vertical-align:-4.0404pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 36.224998 17.225" width="36.224998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,12.138)"> <path d="M542 242q0 -106 -80 -176.5t-192 -72.5l-55 -251l-6 -3q-18 7 -28 38t1 91l23 124q-85 16 -133.5 72.5t-48.5 137.5q0 95 62.5 159.5t166.5 97.5l14 -31q-77 -32 -115 -82.5t-38 -128.5q0 -63 31.5 -107t74.5 -59l125 597l56 43l16 -10l-40 -168q-9 -40 3 -45 q77 -33 120 -85.5t43 -140.5zM469 232q0 67 -37 115t-77 62l-76 -370q89 -4 139.5 52.5t50.5 140.5z" id="x1D719"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,9.663,17.162)"> <path d="M412 140l28 -9q0 -2 -35 -131h-373v23q112 112 161 170q59 70 92 127t33 115q0 63 -31 98t-86 35q-75 0 -137 -93l-22 20l57 81q55 59 135 59q69 0 118.5 -46.5t49.5 -122.5q0 -62 -29.5 -114t-102.5 -130l-141 -149h186q42 0 58.5 10.5t38.5 56.5z" id="x32"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,16,12.138)"> <path d="M300 -147l-18 -23q-106 71 -159 185.5t-53 254.5v1q0 139 53 252.5t159 186.5l18 -24q-74 -62 -115.5 -173.5t-41.5 -242.5q0 -130 41.5 -242.5t115.5 -174.5z" id="x28"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,21.882,12.138)"> <path d="M471 401q0 -32 -14 -91l-83 -376q-30 -146 -21 -180l-7 -15q-22 0 -47.5 23.5t-25.5 40.5q0 49 53 271l53 224q4 18 6.5 31t3.5 22.5t1 15t-2 9t-4.5 4.5t-6.5 1q-31 0 -100.5 -63.5t-126.5 -145.5q-16 -53 -40 -163q-48 -11 -74 -21l-7 8l82 341q9 36 -4 36 q-8 0 -28.5 -14t-38.5 -32l-17 22q41 43 85 71t66 28q23 0 23 -39q0 -19 -10 -64l-24 -103h2q77 101 201 182q37 24 74 24q31 0 31 -47z" id="x1D702"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,30.279,12.138)"> <path d="M275 270q0 -296 -211 -440l-19 23q75 62 116.5 174t41.5 243t-42 243t-116 173l19 24q211 -144 211 -440z" id="x29"></path> </g> </svg>对各种<年代vg height="15.4" id="M152" style="vertical-align:-3.3907pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 22.950001 15.4" width="22.950001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.112)"> <path d="M1004 650l-6 -29q-54 -6 -71 -19.5t-51 -74.5l-271 -539h-33l-98 506h-3l-258 -506h-30l-78 532q-10 67 -21.5 80t-66.5 21l6 29h241l-8 -29l-26 -5q-34 -6 -41 -16t-3 -47l59 -425h4l251 510h31l102 -510h2q150 299 198 423q14 40 8.5 48.5t-47.5 16.5l-28 5l7 29h231z " id="x1D44A"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,17.338,15.187)"> <path d="M391 364q0 -28 -20.5 -53.5t-50 -43.5t-70 -34t-73.5 -25t-68 -17v-29q0 -48 20 -81t65 -33q73 0 157 76l16 -23q-107 -113 -221 -113q-21 0 -40.5 6.5t-39 22t-31.5 47t-12 75.5q0 69 33.5 139.5t95.5 114.5q77 55 143 55q42 0 69 -24.5t27 -59.5zM313 350 q0 26 -14.5 40.5t-37.5 14.5q-32 0 -44 -7q-82 -46 -104 -175q200 49 200 127z" id="x1D452"></path> </g> </svg>和<年代vg height="11.375" id="M153" style="vertical-align:-0.1638pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 48.9375 11.375" width="48.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.112)"> <path d="M998 650l-8 -28q-71 -4 -86 -16t-22 -69l-50 -397q-3 -28 -4.5 -44t2 -29t6.5 -18.5t17 -10.5t24.5 -6.5t37.5 -3.5l-8 -28h-271l7 28q63 6 78 22t25 90l60 415h-2l-353 -552h-23l-130 536h-2l-70 -254q-44 -158 -47 -188q-5 -38 9 -51t71 -18l-6 -28h-241l8 28 q45 4 67 18.5t35 45.5q16 38 74 233l52 173q24 79 11.5 98t-89.5 26l6 28h177l136 -508l337 508h172z" id="x1D440"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,22.127,11.112)"> <path d="M535 323h-483v50h483v-50zM535 138h-483v50h483v-50z" id="x3D"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,36.831,11.112)"> <path d="M384 0h-275v27q67 5 81.5 18.5t14.5 68.5v385q0 38 -7.5 47.5t-40.5 10.5l-48 2v24q85 15 178 52v-521q0 -55 14.5 -68.5t82.5 -18.5v-27z" id="x31"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,44.99,11.112)"> <path d="M113 -12q-24 0 -39.5 16t-15.5 42q0 24 16 40.5t40 16.5t40 -16.5t16 -40.5q0 -26 -16 -42t-41 -16z" id="x2E"></path> </g> </svg></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="partial-carousel-wrapper"> <div class="floats-partial-section"> <div class="floats-partial-content"> <div class="partial-carousel--full-image partial-carousel-f82fb3f26229e07c117e66abf5a9f858"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/ijmms/volume-2008/573425/figures/573425.fig.009.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs"> <div class="partial-carousel-dots-f82fb3f26229e07c117e66abf5a9f858 partial-carousel-thumbnail"> <button aria-label="Slide to " class="partial-carousel-dot"><img loading="lazy" alt="" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/ijmms/volume-2008/573425/thumbnails/573425.fig.009_th.jpg"><br><strong></strong></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle--nav"> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev-f82fb3f26229e07c117e66abf5a9f858 partial-carousel-next-prev"> <button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-prev"></button> <button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-next"></button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图9</年代p一个n> <a aria-label="View full page" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijmms/2008/573425/fig9/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>的变化<年代vg height="17.225" id="M154" style="vertical-align:-4.0404pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 36.224998 17.225" width="36.224998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,12.138)"> <path d="M542 242q0 -106 -80 -176.5t-192 -72.5l-55 -251l-6 -3q-18 7 -28 38t1 91l23 124q-85 16 -133.5 72.5t-48.5 137.5q0 95 62.5 159.5t166.5 97.5l14 -31q-77 -32 -115 -82.5t-38 -128.5q0 -63 31.5 -107t74.5 -59l125 597l56 43l16 -10l-40 -168q-9 -40 3 -45 q77 -33 120 -85.5t43 -140.5zM469 232q0 67 -37 115t-77 62l-76 -370q89 -4 139.5 52.5t50.5 140.5z" id="x1D719"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,9.663,17.162)"> <path d="M412 140l28 -9q0 -2 -35 -131h-373v23q112 112 161 170q59 70 92 127t33 115q0 63 -31 98t-86 35q-75 0 -137 -93l-22 20l57 81q55 59 135 59q69 0 118.5 -46.5t49.5 -122.5q0 -62 -29.5 -114t-102.5 -130l-141 -149h186q42 0 58.5 10.5t38.5 56.5z" id="x32"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,16,12.138)"> <path d="M300 -147l-18 -23q-106 71 -159 185.5t-53 254.5v1q0 139 53 252.5t159 186.5l18 -24q-74 -62 -115.5 -173.5t-41.5 -242.5q0 -130 41.5 -242.5t115.5 -174.5z" id="x28"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,21.882,12.138)"> <path d="M471 401q0 -32 -14 -91l-83 -376q-30 -146 -21 -180l-7 -15q-22 0 -47.5 23.5t-25.5 40.5q0 49 53 271l53 224q4 18 6.5 31t3.5 22.5t1 15t-2 9t-4.5 4.5t-6.5 1q-31 0 -100.5 -63.5t-126.5 -145.5q-16 -53 -40 -163q-48 -11 -74 -21l-7 8l82 341q9 36 -4 36 q-8 0 -28.5 -14t-38.5 -32l-17 22q41 43 85 71t66 28q23 0 23 -39q0 -19 -10 -64l-24 -103h2q77 101 201 182q37 24 74 24q31 0 31 -47z" id="x1D702"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,30.279,12.138)"> <path d="M275 270q0 -296 -211 -440l-19 23q75 62 116.5 174t41.5 243t-42 243t-116 173l19 24q211 -144 211 -440z" id="x29"></path> </g> </svg>对各种<年代vg height="11.175" id="M155" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.475 11.175" width="17.475" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.113)"> <path d="M998 650l-8 -28q-71 -4 -86 -16t-22 -69l-50 -397q-3 -28 -4.5 -44t2 -29t6.5 -18.5t17 -10.5t24.5 -6.5t37.5 -3.5l-8 -28h-271l7 28q63 6 78 22t25 90l60 415h-2l-353 -552h-23l-130 536h-2l-70 -254q-44 -158 -47 -188q-5 -38 9 -51t71 -18l-6 -28h-241l8 28 q45 4 67 18.5t35 45.5q16 38 74 233l52 173q24 79 11.5 98t-89.5 26l6 28h177l136 -508l337 508h172z" id="x1D440"></path> </g> </svg>和<年代vg height="15.4" id="M156" style="vertical-align:-3.3907pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 66.4375 15.4" width="66.4375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.112)"> <path d="M1004 650l-6 -29q-54 -6 -71 -19.5t-51 -74.5l-271 -539h-33l-98 506h-3l-258 -506h-30l-78 532q-10 67 -21.5 80t-66.5 21l6 29h241l-8 -29l-26 -5q-34 -6 -41 -16t-3 -47l59 -425h4l251 510h31l102 -510h2q150 299 198 423q14 40 8.5 48.5t-47.5 16.5l-28 5l7 29h231z " id="x1D44A"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,17.338,15.187)"> <path d="M391 364q0 -28 -20.5 -53.5t-50 -43.5t-70 -34t-73.5 -25t-68 -17v-29q0 -48 20 -81t65 -33q73 0 157 76l16 -23q-107 -113 -221 -113q-21 0 -40.5 6.5t-39 22t-31.5 47t-12 75.5q0 69 33.5 139.5t95.5 114.5q77 55 143 55q42 0 69 -24.5t27 -59.5zM313 350 q0 26 -14.5 40.5t-37.5 14.5q-32 0 -44 -7q-82 -46 -104 -175q200 49 200 127z" id="x1D452"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,27.6,11.112)"> <path d="M535 323h-483v50h483v-50zM535 138h-483v50h483v-50z" id="x3D"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,42.287,11.112)"> <path d="M241 635q53 0 94 -28.5t63.5 -76t33.5 -102.5t11 -116q0 -58 -11 -112.5t-34 -103.5t-63.5 -78.5t-94.5 -29.5t-95 28t-64.5 75t-34.5 102.5t-11 118.5q0 58 11.5 112.5t34.5 103t64.5 78t95.5 29.5zM238 602q-32 0 -55.5 -25t-35.5 -68t-17.5 -91t-5.5 -105 q0 -76 10 -138.5t37 -107.5t69 -45q32 0 55.5 25t35.5 68.5t17.5 91.5t5.5 105t-5.5 105.5t-18 92t-36 68t-56.5 24.5z" id="x30"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,50.463,11.112)"> <path d="M113 -12q-24 0 -39.5 16t-15.5 42q0 24 16 40.5t40 16.5t40 -16.5t16 -40.5q0 -26 -16 -42t-41 -16z" id="x2E"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,54.339,11.112)"> <path d="M412 140l28 -9q0 -2 -35 -131h-373v23q112 112 161 170q59 70 92 127t33 115q0 63 -31 98t-86 35q-75 0 -137 -93l-22 20l57 81q55 59 135 59q69 0 118.5 -46.5t49.5 -122.5q0 -62 -29.5 -114t-102.5 -130l-141 -149h186q42 0 58.5 10.5t38.5 56.5z" id="x32"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,62.498,11.112)"> <path d="M113 -12q-24 0 -39.5 16t-15.5 42q0 24 16 40.5t40 16.5t40 -16.5t16 -40.5q0 -26 -16 -42t-41 -16z" id="x2E"></path> </g> </svg></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> <p>墙上的剪切应力的振荡分量是由<年代p一个n class="equation" id="eq21"> <svg height="17.975" id="M157" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-4.28235pt;width:120.15px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 120.15 17.975" width="120.15" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,17.975)"> <g transform="translate(72,-57.62)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,61.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.41,66.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9756801" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-55.96,61.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.578498" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.779745" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-28.11,67.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="9.2200003"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-23.23,61.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.578498" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.779745" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,4.62,67.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="9.2200003"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,9.49,61.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span>在哪里<年代vg height="17.825001" id="M158" style="vertical-align:-4.15945pt;width:34.525002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 34.525002 17.825001" width="34.525002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,17.825)"> <g transform="translate(72,-57.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,61.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.89,67.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="9.2200003"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-59.01,61.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<年代vg height="14.3625" id="M159" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:19.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 19.9375 14.3625" width="19.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.51)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-60.5,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>表中给出<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijmms/2008/573425/tab1/" target="_blank">1</一个>,<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijmms/2008/573425/tab2/" target="_blank">2</一个>,<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijmms/2008/573425/tab3/" target="_blank">3</一个>,<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijmms/2008/573425/tab4/" target="_blank">4</一个>为不同的值<年代vg height="10.325" id="M160" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:17.237499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.237499 10.325" width="17.237499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<年代vg height="14.7125" id="M161" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:47.137501px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 47.137501 14.7125" width="47.137501" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.23)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-60.5,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-52.63,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。当<年代vg height="10.9125" id="M162" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:43.037498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 43.037498 10.9125" width="43.037498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.028847" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.069235" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<年代vg height="17.975" id="M163" style="vertical-align:-4.28235pt;width:81.849998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 81.849998 17.975" width="81.849998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,17.975)"> <g transform="translate(72,-57.62)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,61.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.41,66.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9756801" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-55.96,61.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.578498" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.867746" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-26.02,67.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="9.2200003"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-21.15,61.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,墙上的剪切应力的值是在良好的协议与Glauert获得的价值(<一个href="#B17">17</一个>]。</p><div class="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="tab2"> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">表2</年代p一个n> <a aria-label="View full page" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijmms/2008/573425/tab2/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> 数值的<年代vg height="17.825001" id="M164" style="vertical-align:-4.15945pt;width:37.125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 37.125 17.825001" width="37.125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,17.825)"> <g transform="translate(72,-57.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-69.87,61.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-61.8,67.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="9.2200003"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-56.93,61.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,<年代vg height="17.825001" id="M165" style="vertical-align:-4.15945pt;width:34.525002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 34.525002 17.825001" width="34.525002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,17.825)"> <g transform="translate(72,-57.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,61.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.89,67.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="9.2200003"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-59.01,61.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,<年代vg height="10.325" id="M166" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:17.237499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.237499 10.325" width="17.237499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>为不同的值<年代vg height="10.9375" id="M167" style="vertical-align:-0.20064pt;width:60.325001px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 60.325001 10.9375" width="60.325001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.25)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.452748" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.479914" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.520302" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.771805" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="41.897552" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<年代vg height="10.325" id="M168" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:17.237499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.237499 10.325" width="17.237499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。</div> <a class="table-thumb-overlay" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijmms/2008/573425/tab2" target="_blank" aria-label="View full page"></a> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="tab3"> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">表3</年代p一个n> <a aria-label="View full page" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijmms/2008/573425/tab3/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> 数值的<年代vg height="17.825001" id="M174" style="vertical-align:-4.15945pt;width:37.125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 37.125 17.825001" width="37.125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,17.825)"> <g transform="translate(72,-57.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-69.87,61.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-61.8,67.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="9.2200003"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-56.93,61.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,<年代vg height="17.825001" id="M175" style="vertical-align:-4.15945pt;width:34.525002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 34.525002 17.825001" width="34.525002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,17.825)"> <g transform="translate(72,-57.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,61.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.89,67.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="9.2200003"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-59.01,61.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,<年代vg height="10.325" id="M176" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:17.237499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.237499 10.325" width="17.237499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>为不同的值<年代vg height="14.7125" id="M177" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:58.862499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 58.862499 14.7125" width="58.862499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.23)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-60.5,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-52.63,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.405136" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<年代vg height="10.325" id="M178" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:17.237499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.237499 10.325" width="17.237499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。</div> <a class="table-thumb-overlay" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijmms/2008/573425/tab3" target="_blank" aria-label="View full page"></a> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="tab4"> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">表4</年代p一个n> <a aria-label="View full page" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijmms/2008/573425/tab4/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> 数值的<年代vg height="17.825001" id="M184" style="vertical-align:-4.15945pt;width:37.125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 37.125 17.825001" width="37.125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,17.825)"> <g transform="translate(72,-57.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-69.87,61.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-61.8,67.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="9.2200003"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-56.93,61.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,<年代vg height="17.825001" id="M185" style="vertical-align:-4.15945pt;width:34.525002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 34.525002 17.825001" width="34.525002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,17.825)"> <g transform="translate(72,-57.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,61.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.89,67.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="9.2200003"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-59.01,61.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,<年代vg height="10.325" id="M186" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:17.237499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.237499 10.325" width="17.237499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>为不同的值<年代vg height="14.7125" id="M187" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:58.862499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 58.862499 14.7125" width="58.862499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.23)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-60.5,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-52.63,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.405136" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<年代vg height="10.325" id="M188" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:17.237499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.237499 10.325" width="17.237499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。</div> <a class="table-thumb-overlay" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijmms/2008/573425/tab4" target="_blank" aria-label="View full page"></a> </div> </div> <h5 id="subsec3.2">3.2。大的值<年代vg height="10.9125" id="M194" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:22.375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 22.375 10.9125" width="22.375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.5145426" y="0"> /</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.990377" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg></h5> <p>当<年代vg height="39.625" id="M195" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 39.625" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,39.625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-40.3)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,152.88,51.13)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.200001" y="5.7199998"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.164939" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 189.14,70.7 14.79,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,190.33,58.38)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="3.888433" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 190.33,54.25 12.41,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,193.63,42.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.060001" y="-3.05"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.3" y="-8.7600002"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.014832" y="-8.7600002"> =</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 239.75,70.71 14.79,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,240.94,58.38)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="3.888433" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 240.94,54.25 12.41,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,244.01,42.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.53" y="-8.7600002"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.731487" y="-8.7600002"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="214.48" y="-8.7600002"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="218.64349" y="-8.7600002"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="224.895" y="-8.7600002"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="228.02075" y="-8.7600002"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="234.27225" y="-8.7600002"> 5</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="240.52374" y="-8.7600002"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>大,我们呢<年代p一个n class="equation" id="eq22"> <svg height="20.4125" id="M196" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-2.64594pt;width:69.162498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 69.162498 20.4125" width="69.162498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,20.4125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-55.67)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,58.96)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> √</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m -60.35,70.71 21.07,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-60.35,58.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.188745" y="0"> /</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.6645794" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.553012" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.530886" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.571274" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></p> <p>让<年代vg height="13.55" id="M197" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:89.574997px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 89.574997 13.55" width="89.574997" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.55)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.16)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.6515961" y="0"> /</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.12743" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.779026" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.493856" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.534245" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.185841" y="0"> /</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="48.661674" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="55.713367" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="62.364964" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,然后<年代vg height="86.337502" id="M198" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 86.337502" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,86.3375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-2.93)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,18.32,59.91)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 15.48,55.79 11.93,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,15.48,43.54)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,22.53,46.98)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,29.99,60.96)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,37.39,66.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,42.26,60.96)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 29.8,55.79 20.71,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,29.8,42.1)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.6515961" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,45.64,46.98)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,54.49,52.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.94" y="-7.25"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 67.03,55.79 7.05,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,67.03,43.91)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.2399998" y="-3.8299999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.98" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.280001" y="-17.049999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.931597" y="-17.049999"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 91.75,55.79 15.84,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,91.75,43.91)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.809999" y="-8.75"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.6515961" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.349998" y="-16"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.001595" y="-16"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 124.1,55.79 16.19,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,124.28,43.91)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.209999" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.27" y="-3.8299999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.790001" y="-8.75"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="49.169998" y="-16"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.6515961" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 170.61,55.79 11.93,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,170.61,43.54)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,177.66,46.98)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,183.73,52.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,195.18,49.54)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,199.58,47.74)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.7399998" y="-4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.66" y="-13.22"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,223.64,66.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,228.51,60.96)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 216.05,55.79 20.72,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,216.05,42.1)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.6515961" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,231.89,46.98)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,240.74,52.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.54" y="-7.25"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.191595" y="-7.25"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 253.28,55.79 16.19,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,253.45,43.91)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.6" y="-17.049999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.6515961" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,279.45,66.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,284.33,60.96)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 271.86,55.79 20.72,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,271.86,42.1)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.6515961" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,287.7,46.98)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,296.55,52.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.54" y="-7.25"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,316.49,64.98)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,321.37,59.91)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 309.09,55.79 21.82,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,309.64,42.1)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.6515961" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,325.48,46.98)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,333.86,60.96)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.6515961" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 333.3,55.79 15.84,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,333.3,43.91)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.809999" y="-8.75"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.349998" y="-16"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.6515961" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,373.05,64.98)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,377.93,59.91)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 365.65,55.79 21.82,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,366.2,42.1)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.6515961" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,382.04,46.98)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,388.66,52.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0699997" y="4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-334.17001" y="38.959999"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-318.79999" y="31.709999"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 67.03,16.82 11.92,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,67.03,4.58)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,74.08,8.02)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,80.15,13.7)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.379999" y="-9.2299995"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.840101" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,114.98,19.81)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 103.53,16.82 15.84,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,105.49,4.58)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,112.54,8.02)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,121.95,22)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,129.36,27.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,134.23,22)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 121.77,16.82 20.71,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,121.77,3.13)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.6515961" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,137.61,8.02)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,146.46,13.7)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.327718" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.893232" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.433502" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="47.473892" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="53.725391" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="312.03" y="-20.639999"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="316.19351" y="-20.639999"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="322.44501" y="-20.639999"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="325.57074" y="-20.639999"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="331.82224" y="-20.639999"> 6</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="338.07376" y="-20.639999"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和(<一个href="#eq17">3.10</一个>)的形式<年代p一个n class="equation" id="eq23"> <svg height="14.3625" id="M199" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:19.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 19.9375 14.3625" width="19.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.51)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-60.5,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></p> <p>自<年代vg height="14.3625" id="M200" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:19.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 19.9375 14.3625" width="19.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.51)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-60.5,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>是小对于大多数液体像二阶流体(见Markovitz和科尔曼(<一个href="#B22">22</一个>]),我们遵循斯利瓦斯塔瓦(<一个href="#B19">19</一个>),<年代vg height="13.925" id="M201" style="vertical-align:-0.1254pt;width:15.0375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 15.0375 13.925" width="15.0375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.925)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.86)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,61.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.9,66.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>的顺序<年代vg height="17.799999" id="M202" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:65.324997px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 65.324997 17.799999" width="65.324997" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,17.8)"> <g transform="translate(72,-57.76)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,61.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-60.5,57.91)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-52.63,61.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.905016" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-24.66,66.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。因此,<年代vg height="37.625" id="M203" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 37.625" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,37.625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-41.9)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-53.26,50.15)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.099998" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.330002" y="-10.81"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.8499999" y="-2.51"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.877166" y="-2.51"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.217386" y="-2.51"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-3.52,66.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,1.35,60.96)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m -11.11,55.79 20.71,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-11.11,42.1)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.6515961" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,4.73,46.98)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,13.58,52.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.389999" y="4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.129999" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.327718" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.43" y="-8.3000002"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.081596" y="-8.3000002"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 48.44,55.79 15.85,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,48.44,43.91)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.82" y="-8.75"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.6515961" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.360001" y="-16"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.011597" y="-16"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 80.8,55.79 16.19,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,80.97,43.91)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.219999" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.280001" y="-3.8299999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="61.07" y="-3.8299999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="66.809998" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="77.730003" y="-17.049999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.6515961" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.799999" y="-8.75"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.140221" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="54.017349" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,166.1,66.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,170.98,60.96)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 158.51,55.79 20.72,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,158.51,42.1)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.6515961" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,174.36,46.98)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,183.2,52.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.54" y="-7.25"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.191595" y="-7.25"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 195.74,55.79 16.19,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,195.92,43.91)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.59" y="-17.049999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.6515961" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,221.91,66.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,226.79,60.96)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 214.33,55.79 20.71,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,214.33,42.1)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.6515961" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,230.17,46.98)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,239.01,52.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.54" y="-7.25"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,258.96,64.98)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,263.83,59.91)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 251.55,55.79 21.82,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,252.1,42.1)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.6515961" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,267.94,46.98)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,276.32,60.96)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.6515961" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 275.76,55.79 15.84,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,275.76,43.91)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.82" y="-8.75"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.349998" y="-16"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.6515961" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,315.52,64.98)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,320.39,59.91)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 308.11,55.79 21.82,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,308.66,42.1)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.6515961" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,324.51,46.98)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,331.13,52.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0600004" y="4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.58" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.920221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.760323" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="50.100544" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="63.791328" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,401.98,57.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,406.85,52.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.540269" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.568155" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.819654" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="51.639999" y="-1.16"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="55.803497" y="-1.16"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="62.055" y="-1.16"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="65.180748" y="-1.16"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="71.432251" y="-1.16"> 7</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="77.683746" y="-1.16"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和(<一个href="#eq23">3.16</一个>)成为<年代p一个n class="equation" id="eq24"> <svg height="13.45" id="M204" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:28.549999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 28.549999 13.45" width="28.549999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.45)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.7268538" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.890353" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.579458" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></p> <p>的扩张<年代vg height="10.9125" id="M205" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:35.6875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 35.6875 10.9125" width="35.6875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.152436" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.192825" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>附近的墙上<年代vg height="72.912498" id="M206" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 72.912498" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,72.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-13.67)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,46.19,56.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.450001" y="-7.25"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.7268538" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.890353" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.579458" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.206287" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 85.64,59.37 6.25,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,85.64,47.49)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.4400001" y="-8.7600002"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.404652" y="-8.7600002"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,109.1,61.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,113.97,56.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,123.16,61.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,130.82,56.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.53" y="-7.25"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 143.35,59.37 6.26,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,143.35,47.49)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 6</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.4499998" y="-6.2399998"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="47.369999" y="-6.2399998"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="53.220001" y="-8.7600002"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.3" y="-8.7600002"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.327166" y="-8.7600002"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.667385" y="-8.7600002"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,203.62,61.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,208.49,56.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,217.68,61.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,225.34,56.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.66" y="-7.25"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 237.88,59.37 12.5,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,237.88,47.49)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.2515001" y="0"> 4</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.69" y="-8.7600002"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.255514" y="-8.7600002"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.220165" y="-8.7600002"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,280.16,61.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 4</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,285.03,56.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,294.22,61.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 4</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,301.87,56.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.54" y="-7.25"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 314.41,59.37 6.25,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,314.41,47.49)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 6</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.4499998" y="-8.7600002"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.327129" y="-8.7600002"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,339.7,61.3)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,344.58,56.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,351.63,61.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 5</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,356.5,56.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,365.69,61.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,81.67,22.65)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.790001" y="-7.25"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 94.21,25.77 18.75,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,94.21,13.9)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.950001" y="-3.8299999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.309999" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.2515001" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.503" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,130.49,27.71)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,138.14,22.65)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,163.18,27.65)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,170.83,22.65)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.030001" y="4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.630001" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,210.52,27.65)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 5</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,215.39,22.65)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,224.58,27.65)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 5</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,232.23,22.65)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> ⋯</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.006001" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="226.25999" y="-17.059999"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="230.42349" y="-17.059999"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="236.675" y="-17.059999"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="239.80075" y="-17.059999"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="246.05225" y="-17.059999"> 8</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="252.30374" y="-17.059999"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>是<年代p一个n class="equation" id="eq25"> <svg height="15.325" id="M207" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:68.925003px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 68.925003 15.325" width="68.925003" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,15.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-59.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,62)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.427982" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.46837" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-37.93,67.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9756801" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-31.49,62)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span>在哪里<年代vg height="10.9125" id="M208" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:22.375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 22.375 10.9125" width="22.375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.5145426" y="0"> /</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.990377" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。</p><p>因为大的值<年代vg height="7.1750002" id="M209" style="vertical-align:-0.1254pt;width:8.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.9375 7.1750002" width="8.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.175)"> <g transform="translate(72,-66.26)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>的参数<年代vg height="48.262501" id="M210" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 48.262501" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,48.2625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-33.39)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,79.84,49.77)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.540269" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,107.44,65.71)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ∞</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,103.42,43.22)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,104.14,36.04)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3497438" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.344864" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,119.57,49.77)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,126.63,54.77)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,131.47,49.77)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,139.54,46.64)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,144.39,49.77)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.852604" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.479433" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.519823" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,182.98,46.64)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,187.85,49.77)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.852604" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.791769" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.13199" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.183681" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,232.11,46.64)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,236.98,49.77)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.852604" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.791769" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.13199" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,273.17,54.77)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,278.04,49.77)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,286.11,46.64)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,290.98,49.77)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.852604" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.791769" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.13199" y="0"> ⋯</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.797768" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="167.50999" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="171.67349" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="177.925" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="181.05075" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="187.30225" y="0"> 9</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="193.55374" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>很小,我们呢<年代p一个n class="equation" id="eq26"> <svg height="15.75" id="M211" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 15.75" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,15.75)"> <g transform="translate(72,-59.4)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,73.64,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,81.7,60.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,86.58,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.041828" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.082218" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.333717" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="51.499859" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,146.16,60.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,151,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.054333" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.082218" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="46.298611" y="0"> 我</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="49.774445" y="0"> f</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="58.113945" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="67.791267" y="0"> ≥</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="79.831657" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="86.083153" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="111.21419" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,270.29,60.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,275.14,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> ∞</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.741277" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.368107" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.408497" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="51.624886" y="0"> ∀</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="58.626568" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="64.840561" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="183.35001" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="187.5135" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="193.765" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="196.89075" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="203.14224" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="209.39375" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></p> <p>边界条件是<年代p一个n class="equation" id="eq27"> <svg height="7.1750002" id="M212" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0.1254pt;width:8.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.9375 7.1750002" width="8.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.175)"> <g transform="translate(72,-66.26)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></p> <p>用(<一个href="#eq27">3.20</一个>)(<一个href="#eq24">3.17</一个>)和等同的系数不同的权力<年代vg height="14.75" id="M213" style="vertical-align:-3.25793pt;width:35.0625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 35.0625 14.75" width="35.0625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.75)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.2)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.89,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-59.01,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.852604" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>为零,我们发现的边值问题<年代vg height="38.825001" id="M214" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 38.825001" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,38.825)"> <g transform="translate(72,-40.94)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,72.61,49.19)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.099998" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.150002" y="-11.77"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.8499999" y="-2.51"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.877166" y="-2.51"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.217386" y="-2.51"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,122.16,66.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,127.03,60.96)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,135.1,57.84)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 114.76,54.83 25.21,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,117.01,41.14)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.6515961" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,132.85,46.02)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,143.94,51.7)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,163.35,48.58)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,171.7,51.7)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="43.42292" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,223.19,48.58)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,228.06,51.7)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.041828" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.082218" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.333717" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="61.477249" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,297.6,48.58)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,302.48,51.7)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> ∞</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.741277" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.368107" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.408497" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="156.00999" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="160.17349" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="166.425" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="169.55075" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="175.80225" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="182.05374" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>是<年代p一个n class="equation" id="eq28"> <svg height="21.225" id="M215" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-3.25793pt;width:177.52499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 177.52499 21.225" width="177.52499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,21.225)"> <g transform="translate(72,-55.02)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,58.32)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.89,55.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-59.01,58.32)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="79.800003" y="-0.63999999"> √</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.852604" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.479433" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.519823" y="0"> e</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.071156" y="0"> x</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.322655" y="0"> p</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="52.737656" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="56.901154" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="65.465706" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="69.629204" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="76.318314" y="0"> /</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 32.4,70.71 29.25,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,32.4,58.32)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.0271664" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.367388" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.244516" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.408016" y="0"> ]</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span>与解决方案<年代vg height="12.3" id="M216" style="vertical-align:-1.29163pt;width:65.625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 65.625 12.3" width="65.625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.3)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.16)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.7148314" y="0"> ≤</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.75522" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.108185" y="0"> <</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="46.148575" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>提供<年代vg height="14.475" id="M217" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:16.299999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16.299999 14.475" width="16.299999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.475)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.42)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.89,60.47)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。</p><p>第二个方程给出<年代vg height="14.75" id="M218" style="vertical-align:-3.25793pt;width:123.1875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 123.1875 14.75" width="123.1875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.75)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.2)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.89,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-59.01,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.852604" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.016103" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.305351" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-28.64,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-23.76,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.852604" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.016103" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.305351" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,6.61,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 4</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,11.49,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.852604" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>是零。接下来的四个方程<年代vg height="14.75" id="M219" style="vertical-align:-3.25793pt;width:35.0625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 35.0625 14.75" width="35.0625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.75)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.2)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.89,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 5</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-59.01,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.852604" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<年代vg height="473.61249" id="M220" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 473.61249" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,473.6125)"> <g transform="translate(72,306.89)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-40.08,49.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.099998" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.150002" y="-11.65"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.8499999" y="-2.51"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.877166" y="-2.51"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.217386" y="-2.51"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,9.47,66.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,14.34,60.96)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,22.41,57.84)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 2.07,54.95 25.21,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,4.31,41.26)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.6515961" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,20.16,46.15)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,31.25,51.82)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,50.66,48.7)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,59.01,51.82)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.718672" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,92.8,48.7)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,97.68,51.82)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-95.610001" y="30.66"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-134.39" y="39.919998"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-130.2265" y="39.919998"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-121.19933" y="39.919998"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-109.85912" y="39.919998"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-100.98199" y="39.919998"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,9.47,26.23)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,14.34,21.16)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,22.41,18.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 2.07,15.02 25.21,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,4.31,1.34)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.6515961" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text 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x="39.57" y="-9.1400003"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.217352" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.182001" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,197.52,-89.88)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,202.4,-94.95)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,210.46,-98.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 190.12,-100.96 25.22,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,192.37,-114.65)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.6515961" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,208.21,-109.76)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,219.31,-104.09)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.34" y="4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.9" y="-7.2600002"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 239.21,-100.96 6.26,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,239.21,-112.84)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.4499998" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.414652" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,264.82,-99.08)"> <tspan 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style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.6515961" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.07" y="-8.75"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.397717" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.36237" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="51.552074" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,372.33,-107.21)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,377.2,-104.09)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-375.13" y="30.66"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-413.91" y="39.919998"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-409.74649" y="39.919998"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-400.71933" y="39.919998"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-389.37912" y="39.919998"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-380.50198" y="39.919998"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,9.47,-129.68)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,14.34,-134.75)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,22.41,-137.88)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 5</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 2.07,-140.89 25.21,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,4.31,-154.57)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.6515961" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,20.16,-149.69)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,31.25,-144.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,50.66,-147.14)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 5</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,59.01,-144.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.718672" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,92.8,-147.14)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,100.45,-144.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.54" y="-7.25"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 112.99,-140.89 6.25,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,112.99,-152.76)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.4499998" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.327129" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.29178" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,147.47,-139.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,153.54,-134.75)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,160.94,-129.68)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,165.82,-134.75)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,173.88,-137.88)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 153.54,-140.89 25.22,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,155.79,-154.57)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.6515961" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,171.63,-149.69)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,183.43,-144.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.07" y="-9.1400003"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.905016" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,221.9,-129.8)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,226.78,-134.87)"> <tspan style="font-size: 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<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 6</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.4499998" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.015514" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.980165" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,295.89,-292.16)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,303.54,-297.17)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="50.939999" y="4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="58.549999" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.217352" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.182001" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="41.747517" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,370.15,-300.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,375.02,-297.17)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="83.470001" y="-176.60001"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="87.633499" y="-176.60001"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="93.885002" y="-176.60001"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="97.01075" y="-176.60001"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="103.26225" y="-176.60001"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="109.51375" y="-176.60001"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>是<年代p一个n class="equation" id="eq0032"> <svg height="296.85001" id="M221" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 296.85001" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,296.85)"> <g transform="translate(72,165.48)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-45.76,56.53)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-37.7,53.41)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-32.82,56.53)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="56.990002" y="-7.2600002"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.852604" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.479433" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.519823" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 7.46,59.66 47.11,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,7.46,43.14)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.2600002" y="-0.63999999"> √</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 25.32,55.53 29.25,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,25.32,43.14)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.0271664" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.367388" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.440001" y="-13.39"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.129105" y="-13.39"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,68.02,61.54)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="15.72" y="-0.44"> √</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.99512" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.9095364" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="13.285536" y="0"> /</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 91.86,70.21 16.58,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.57800001;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,91.86,61.54)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.37112" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="16.585039" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="19.499456" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,118.29,56.53)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-164.05" y="40.880001"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-37.7,12.53)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-32.82,15.65)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="50.43" y="-7.25"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.852604" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.479433" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.519823" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 7.46,18.78 29.25,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,7.46,6.9)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.450001" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.0271664" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.367388" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,43.47,20.65)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="16.030001" y="-0.44999999"> √</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.99512" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.9095364" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="13.591856" y="0"> /</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 67.62,29.33 16.59,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.57800001;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,67.62,20.65)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.37112" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="16.585039" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,87.62,10.73)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.9299998" y="-12.17"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.957166" y="-12.17"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.297386" y="-12.17"> 4</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.548885" y="-12.17"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 94.55,18.78 35.51,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,109.18,6.9)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 8</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="64.5" y="-16"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.07" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.534771" y="-8.75"> +</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 153.26,18.78 47.1,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,153.26,2.26)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 8</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.25" y="-0.63999999"> √</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 171.11,14.65 29.25,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,171.11,2.26)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.450001" y="-13.39"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.0271664" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.367388" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,210.75,20.65)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 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)</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,291.4,20.65)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,296.28,10.73)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.7399998" y="-4.9200001"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-342.04001" y="35.959999"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-37.7,-28.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 4</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-32.82,-25.23)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="52.150002" y="-7.25"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.852604" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.479433" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m -1.1,-22.1 47.1,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-1.1,-38.62)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 8</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.25" y="-0.63999999"> √</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 16.75,-26.23 29.25,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,16.75,-38.62)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.450001" y="-13.39"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.0271664" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.367388" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,52.76,-20.23)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="16.030001" y="-0.44999999"> √</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.99512" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.9095364" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="13.591856" y="0"> /</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 76.91,-11.56 16.59,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.57800001;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,76.91,-20.23)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.37112" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="16.585039" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,96.91,-30.15)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.9" y="-12.17"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.9646511" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 112.81,-22.1 6.25,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,112.81,-33.98)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.4400001" y="-6.2399998"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="94.57" y="-6.2399998"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.3" y="-8.75"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.314663" y="-8.75"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.667385" y="-8.75"> 4</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.918888" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="48.799999" y="-6.2399998"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="54.651405" y="-6.2399998"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="60.5" y="-8.75"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="69.527168" y="-8.75"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="80.867386" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="103.2" y="-8.75"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="114.52772" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,241.04,-20.23)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,245.91,-30.15)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.549999" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.490002" y="-12.17"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.7399998" y="-4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.204771" y="-4.9200001"> +</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 279.4,-22.1 6.25,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,279.4,-33.98)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.4400001" y="-6.2399998"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="94.559998" y="-6.2399998"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.3" y="-8.75"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.314663" y="-8.75"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.667385" y="-8.75"> 4</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.918888" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="48.799999" y="-6.2399998"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="54.651405" y="-6.2399998"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="60.5" y="-8.75"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="69.527168" y="-8.75"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="80.867386" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="103.19" y="-8.75"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="114.53022" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,407.63,-20.23)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,412.5,-30.15)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.7399998" y="-4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,427.43,-20.23)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,84.6,-66.11)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.93" y="-7.25"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.957167" y="-7.25"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.297386" y="-7.25"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 97.14,-62.99 40.85,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,97.14,-78.86)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> √</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 108.74,-67.11 29.25,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,108.74,-79.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.450001" y="-13.39"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.0271664" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.367388" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,148.37,-61.11)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,156.03,-66.11)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.169998" y="-7.25"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 168.57,-62.99 55.51,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,168.57,-76.96)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 6</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.2515001" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.429663" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.782387" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.659515" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,212.4,-71.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> /</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,225.27,-66.11)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,234.46,-61.11)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 4</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,239.34,-71.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.96" y="-4.9200001"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-285.10001" y="38.209999"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-37.7,-112.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 5</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-32.82,-109.24)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.852604" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.479433" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="43.939999" y="-7.25"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="52.904652" y="-7.25"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m -1.1,-106.11 47.1,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-1.1,-122.63)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 8</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.25" y="-0.63999999"> √</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 16.75,-110.24 29.25,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,16.75,-122.63)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.450001" y="-13.39"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.0271664" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.367388" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,52.76,-104.24)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="16.030001" y="-0.44999999"> √</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.99512" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.9095364" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="13.591856" y="0"> /</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 76.91,-95.56 16.59,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.57800001;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,76.91,-104.24)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.37112" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="16.585039" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,96.91,-114.16)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.16" y="-12.17"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.724554" y="-12.17"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.976055" y="-12.17"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.227554" y="-12.17"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,137.01,-96.99)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,144.67,-101.99)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.327718" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.579218" y="0"> 5</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.830717" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,177.39,-96.99)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,185.04,-101.99)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.591721" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.843222" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.496017" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="46.836239" y="0"> 9</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 107.07,-106.11 131.07,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,149.05,-122.63)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 4</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.25" y="-0.63999999"> √</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 166.91,-110.24 29.25,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,166.91,-122.63)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.0146627" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.367388" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="72.419998" y="-13.39"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="81.884773" y="-13.39"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="94.43" y="-20.639999"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="100.6815" y="-20.639999"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="106.933" y="-20.639999"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,282.72,-96.99)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,290.37,-101.99)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.591721" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.843222" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.496017" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="46.836239" y="0"> 9</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 261.34,-106.11 82.13,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,299.28,-117.99)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 8</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.389999" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,353.86,-104.24)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,84.6,-152.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.54" y="-7.2600002"> 4</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.7915" y="-7.2600002"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,112.27,-140.11)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,119.92,-145.11)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> 5</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.591721" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.244516" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.58474" y="0"> 6</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 97.14,-149.24 69.62,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,104.19,-163.22)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 6</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.2515001" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.442165" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.782387" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.659515" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,148.02,-158.05)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> /</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,167.96,-152.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,177.15,-147.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,184.8,-152.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.27" y="-7.2600002"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.5215" y="-7.2600002"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.161793" y="-7.2600002"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="51.514519" y="-7.2600002"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 197.34,-149.24 54.95,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,197.34,-163.22)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.2515001" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.503" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.666498" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.693665" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.033886" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.911015" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,247.42,-158.05)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,253.49,-152.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,262.68,-147.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 4</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,270.33,-152.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.299999" y="-7.2600002"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 282.87,-149.24 61.76,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,282.87,-163.22)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.2515001" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.503" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.666498" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.693665" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.033886" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.911015" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,332.95,-158.05)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> /</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,345.83,-152.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,355.02,-147.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 5</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,359.89,-157.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="98.599998" y="-107.43"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="102.7635" y="-107.43"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="109.015" y="-107.43"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="112.14075" y="-107.43"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="118.39225" y="-107.43"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="124.64375" y="-107.43"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></p> <p>解决这些方程,利用边界条件,我们获得<年代p一个n class="equation" id="eq0033"> <svg height="12.3" id="M222" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-1.29163pt;width:65.625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 65.625 12.3" width="65.625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.3)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.16)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.7148314" y="0"> ≤</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.75522" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.108185" y="0"> <</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="46.148575" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span>提供<年代vg height="10.9125" id="M223" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:38.424999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 38.424999 10.9125" width="38.424999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.340461" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.38085" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。如果<年代vg height="10.9125" id="M224" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:43.037498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 43.037498 10.9125" width="43.037498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.028847" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.069235" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<年代vg height="10.9125" id="M225" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:43.037498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 43.037498 10.9125" width="43.037498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.028847" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.069235" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>为牛顿流体,我们恢复解决方案通过Glauert [<一个href="#B13">13</一个>),如果<年代vg height="105.05" id="M226" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 105.05" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,105.05)"> <g transform="translate(72,12.04)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,38.93,59.59)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,45.33,56.47)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 38.04,53.58 17.43,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,38.04,41.34)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.2765059" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,50.59,44.78)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,60.14,50.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.6" y="6.9499998"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 94.79,68.79 13.86,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,95.99,57.71)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.188745" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 95.99,53.58 11.46,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,96.15,41.34)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,102.42,44.78)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,108.65,50.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,114.21,55.46)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.6819839" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,128.22,45.53)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.76" y="-12.18"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 135.15,53.58 47.91,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,135.15,37.06)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.0500002" y="-0.63999999"> √</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 153.81,49.45 29.25,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,153.81,37.06)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.220001" y="-13.39"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="62.470001" y="-20.65"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.0146627" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.367388" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 199.57,53.58 47.1,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,199.57,37.06)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.25" y="-0.63999999"> √</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 217.42,49.45 29.25,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,217.42,37.06)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="52.82" y="-21.459999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.0271664" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.367388" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.450001" y="-13.39"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.277359" y="-13.39"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="58.669998" y="-23.969999"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="67.697166" y="-23.969999"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="79.037384" y="-23.969999"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="85.288887" y="-23.969999"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="91.54039" y="-23.969999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="103.19318" y="-23.969999"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="114.5334" y="-23.969999"> 8</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="120.7849" y="-23.969999"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,347.09,66.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,351.97,58.52)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.8499999" y="-2.51"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 270.24,53.58 96.54,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,296.6,41.7)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="71.379997" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 8</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.2515001" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.429663" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.782387" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.659515" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,375.03,55.46)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,125.47,4)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.54" y="-8.0699997"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="102.7" y="-8.0699997"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.389999" y="-10.58"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.417166" y="-10.58"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.757385" y="-10.58"> 4</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.008888" y="-10.58"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="53.889999" y="-8.0699997"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="59.741405" y="-8.0699997"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="65.599998" y="-10.58"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="74.614662" y="-10.58"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="85.967384" y="-10.58"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="98.532906" y="-10.58"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="111.33" y="-10.58"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="122.67022" y="-10.58"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="128.92172" y="-10.58"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,268.08,19.58)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 138.01,7.13 134.95,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,178.81,-9.39)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.5" y="-0.63999999"> √</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.2515001" y="0"> 6</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 202.91,3 29.25,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,202.91,-9.39)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="71.239998" y="-13.39"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.0271664" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.367388" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,281.21,9)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,288.86,4)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25" y="4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.74" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> ⋯</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="169.63" y="-22.85"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="173.7935" y="-22.85"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="180.045" y="-22.85"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="183.17075" y="-22.85"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="189.42226" y="-22.85"> 4</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="195.67375" y="-22.85"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,我们恢复解决方案通过Labropulu et al。<一个href="#B16">16</一个>]。</p><p>墙上的剪切应力的振荡分量是由<年代p一个n class="equation" id="eq0034"> <svg height="10.9125" id="M227" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:38.424999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 38.424999 10.9125" width="38.424999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.340461" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.38085" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span>如果<年代vg height="10.9125" id="M228" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:43.037498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 43.037498 10.9125" width="43.037498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.028847" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.069235" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<年代vg height="10.325" id="M229" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:17.237499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.237499 10.325" width="17.237499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,剪切应力在良好的协议与Glauert获得的结果(<一个href="#B13">13</一个>]。</p><h4 id="conclusions">4所示。结论</h4> <p>粘弹性的不稳定驻点流动沃尔特斯B液检查存在的磁场。这个流的结果获得了哈特曼的不同值的数量<年代vg height="14.3625" id="M230" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:19.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 19.9375 14.3625" width="19.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.51)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-60.5,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和韦森伯数<年代vg height="15.4125" id="M231" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:34.612499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 34.612499 15.4125" width="34.612499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,15.4125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-59.67)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,62)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.41,67.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-58.94,62)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。在更高的频率,扰动是剪切层,就像一盘在静止流体振荡。图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijmms/2008/573425/fig1/" target="_blank">1</一个>显示的变化<年代vg height="10.9125" id="M232" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:43.037498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 43.037498 10.9125" width="43.037498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.028847" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.069235" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>对各种韦森伯数字当哈特曼的数量<年代vg height="15.4125" id="M233" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:34.612499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 34.612499 15.4125" width="34.612499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,15.4125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-59.67)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,62)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.41,67.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-58.94,62)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。韦森伯数的影响是增加速度<年代vg height="15.4125" id="M234" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:34.612499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 34.612499 15.4125" width="34.612499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,15.4125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-59.67)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,62)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.41,67.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-58.94,62)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>附近的墙,因为它会增加。数据<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijmms/2008/573425/fig2/" target="_blank">2</一个>和<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijmms/2008/573425/fig3/" target="_blank">3</一个>显示的变化<年代vg height="10.325" id="M235" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:17.237499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.237499 10.325" width="17.237499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>对各种哈特曼的号码<年代vg height="14.7125" id="M236" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:47.137501px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 47.137501 14.7125" width="47.137501" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.23)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-60.5,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-52.63,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>当<年代vg height="14.7125" id="M237" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:58.862499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 58.862499 14.7125" width="58.862499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.23)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-60.5,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-52.63,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.405136" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<年代vg height="15.4125" id="M238" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:34.612499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 34.612499 15.4125" width="34.612499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,15.4125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-59.67)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,62)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.41,67.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-58.94,62)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。哈特曼效应的数量是增加的速度<年代vg height="14.75" id="M239" style="vertical-align:-3.25793pt;width:34.525002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 34.525002 14.75" width="34.525002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.75)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.2)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.89,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-59.01,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.402496" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>附近的墙,因为它会增加。数据<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijmms/2008/573425/fig4/" target="_blank">4</一个>和<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijmms/2008/573425/fig5/" target="_blank">5</一个>表明,<年代vg height="10.325" id="M240" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:17.237499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.237499 10.325" width="17.237499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>减少在墙上<年代vg height="14.3625" id="M241" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:19.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 19.9375 14.3625" width="19.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.51)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-60.5,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<年代vg height="15.325" id="M242" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:38.337502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 38.337502 15.325" width="38.337502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,15.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-59.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,62)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.41,67.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9756801" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-55.96,62)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>正在增加。同时,从表<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijmms/2008/573425/tab1/" target="_blank">1</一个>来<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijmms/2008/573425/tab4/" target="_blank">4</一个>,<年代vg height="10.325" id="M243" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:17.237499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.237499 10.325" width="17.237499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>与哈特曼的数量增加<年代vg height="14.3625" id="M244" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:19.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 19.9375 14.3625" width="19.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.51)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-60.5,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和韦森伯数<年代vg height="14.3875" id="M245" style="vertical-align:-3.25793pt;width:17.1px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.1 14.3875" width="17.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.49)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.25,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。这种行为的原因是,磁场<年代p一个n class="inline" id="M246"></span>产生一个力沿着表面支持运动。结果,速度沿表面增加无处不在,因此墙上的剪切应力增加而增加哈特曼的号码和韦森伯数。</p><p>这些结论提出了沃尔特斯B液。未来将研究不稳定驻点工作流量的磁场存在其他粘弹性流体。</p><h4 id="acknowledgment">承认</h4> <p>作者要感谢评论者对他们有价值的建议。</p></div> </div> <div class="ArticleReferences_xmlContent__p_40j"> <h4 class="ArticleReferences_references__GH2t_" id="references">引用</h4> <ol 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Chinichian”不稳定驻点流动的非牛顿流体二年级,”<我>国际数学和数学科学杂志》上</我>,卷2003,不。60岁,3797 - 3807年,2003页。</p>视图: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1155/S0161171203212357" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">出版商的网站</一个><年代p一个n class="sep">|</年代p一个n> <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Unsteady%20stagnation%20point%20flow%20of%20a%20non-Newtonian%20second-grade%20fluid&author=F.%20Labropulu&author=X.%20Xu&author=M.%20Chinichian&publication_year=2003" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">谷歌学术搜索</一个><年代p一个n class="sep">|</年代p一个n> <a href="https://www.zentralblatt-math.org/zmath/en/advanced/?q=an:1033.76001" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Zentralblatt数学</一个><年代p一个n class="sep">|</年代p一个n> <a href="https://www.ams.org/mathscinet-getitem?mr=MR2030826" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">MathSciNet</一个></div></li> <li class="ArticleReferences_articleReference__ouEuh" id="B21"> <div class="referenceContent"> <p class="referenceText">p·d·艾里尔“混合方法计算粘弹性流体的流动,”<我>国际期刊液体中的数值方法</我>,14卷,不。7,757 - 774年,1992页。</p>视图: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650140702" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">出版商的网站</一个><年代p一个n class="sep">|</年代p一个n> <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=A%20hybrid%20method%20for%20computing%20the%20flow%20of%20viscoelastic%20fluids&author=P.%20D.%20Ariel&publication_year=1992" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">谷歌学术搜索</一个><年代p一个n class="sep">|</年代p一个n> <a href="https://www.zentralblatt-math.org/zmath/en/advanced/?q=an:0753.76111" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Zentralblatt数学</一个></div></li> <li class="ArticleReferences_articleReference__ouEuh" id="B22"> <div class="referenceContent"> <p class="referenceText">h . Markovitz b·d·科尔曼,“不可压缩的二阶流体,”<我>应用力学的发展</我>,8卷,第101 - 69页,学术出版社,纽约,纽约,美国,1964年。</p>视图: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2156(08)70353-3" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">出版商的网站</一个><年代p一个n class="sep">|</年代p一个n> <a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Incompressible%20second-order%20fluids&author=H.%20Markovitz&author=B.%20D.%20Coleman&publication_year=1964" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">谷歌学术搜索</一个><年代p一个n class="sep">|</年代p一个n> <a href="https://www.zentralblatt-math.org/zmath/en/advanced/?q=an:0136.45104" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Zentralblatt数学</一个><年代p一个n class="sep">|</年代p一个n> <a href="https://www.ams.org/mathscinet-getitem?mr=MR0169517" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">MathSciNet</一个></div></li> </ol> </div> <h4 class="copyright-title" id="copyright">版权</h4> <div class="copyright-body"> 版权©2008 F。Labropulu。这是一个开放的分布式下文章<一个rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/">知识共享归属许可</一个>,它允许无限制的使用、分配和复制在任何媒介,提供最初的工作是正确引用。</div> <div id="related-articles"></div> </div> </div> <div class="ant-col ThreeColumnLayout_rightColumn__b_MuL"> <div> <div> <div class="ArticleRightSection_articleRightSection__rG8Zh"> <div class="ArticleToolbar_articleToolbar__8fsAH"> <a href="https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/ijmms/2008/573425.pdf" class="ButtonGroup_buttonGroupWrapper__Rqhy0" role="button" type="primary" aria-label="PDF" tabindex="0" unselectable="on" target="_blank" data-testid="download-pdf"><span class="ButtonGroup_leftGroup__FJAmS"><span role="img" class="anticon ButtonGroup_buttonGroupWrapperIcon__CFikg"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em" viewbox="0 0 19 24"> <path 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fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M14.7071 1.29289C14.5196 1.10536 14.2652 1 14 1H6C4.34315 1 3 2.34315 3 4V20C3 21.6569 4.34315 23 6 23H18C19.6569 23 21 21.6569 21 20V8C21 7.73478 20.8946 7.48043 20.7071 7.29289L14.7071 1.29289ZM6 3H13.5858L19 8.41421V20C19 20.5523 18.5523 21 18 21H6C5.44772 21 5 20.5523 5 20V4C5 3.44772 5.44772 3 6 3Z" fill="currentColor"></path> </svg></span><span>下载引用</年代p一个n></span><span role="img" class="anticon ButtonGroup_buttonGroupWrapperIcon__CFikg"> <svg width="1em" height="1em" viewbox="0 0 20 22"> <defs> <clippath> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3,22a3,3,0,0,1-3-3V16a1,1,0,0,1,2,0v3a1,1,0,0,0,1,1H17a1,1,0,0,0,1-1V16a1,1,0,1,1,2,0v3a3,3,0,0,1-3,3Zm6.288-6.3-4-4a1,1,0,0,1,1.414-1.414L9,12.586V1a1,1,0,0,1,2,0V12.586l2.293-2.293a1,1,0,0,1,1.414,1.414l-4,4a1,1,0,0,1-1.423,0Z" fill="currentColor"></path> </clippath> </defs> <g> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3,22a3,3,0,0,1-3-3V16a1,1,0,0,1,2,0v3a1,1,0,0,0,1,1H17a1,1,0,0,0,1-1V16a1,1,0,1,1,2,0v3a3,3,0,0,1-3,3Zm6.288-6.3-4-4a1,1,0,0,1,1.414-1.414L9,12.586V1a1,1,0,0,1,2,0V12.586l2.293-2.293a1,1,0,0,1,1.414,1.414l-4,4a1,1,0,0,1-1.423,0Z" fill="currentColor"></path> </g> </svg></span></a> <div class="ant-collapse ant-collapse-icon-position-end articleToolbarOtherFormats_otherFormatsCollapse__VHaOL"> <div class="ant-collapse-item"> <div class="ant-collapse-header" aria-expanded="false" aria-disabled="false" role="button" tabindex="0"> <div class="ant-collapse-expand-icon"> <span role="img" class="anticon ant-collapse-arrow"> <svg width="1em" height="1em" viewbox="0 0 32 32" fill="none"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M17.773 23.453l11.2-11.265a1.918 1.918 0 000-2.641 1.75 1.75 0 00-2.542 0l-9.929 10.101-9.933-10.1a1.75 1.75 0 00-2.542 0 1.919 1.919 0 000 2.64L15.23 23.453c.352.365.811.547 1.271.547.46 0 .92-.182 1.271-.547z" fill="currentColor"></path> </svg></span> </div> <span class="ant-collapse-header-text"><span><span role="img" class="anticon articleToolbarOtherFormats_atofDownloadIcon__YRM5T"> <svg width="1em" height="1em" viewbox="0 0 20 22"> <defs> <clippath> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3,22a3,3,0,0,1-3-3V16a1,1,0,0,1,2,0v3a1,1,0,0,0,1,1H17a1,1,0,0,0,1-1V16a1,1,0,1,1,2,0v3a3,3,0,0,1-3,3Zm6.288-6.3-4-4a1,1,0,0,1,1.414-1.414L9,12.586V1a1,1,0,0,1,2,0V12.586l2.293-2.293a1,1,0,0,1,1.414,1.414l-4,4a1,1,0,0,1-1.423,0Z" fill="currentColor"></path> </clippath> </defs> <g> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3,22a3,3,0,0,1-3-3V16a1,1,0,0,1,2,0v3a1,1,0,0,0,1,1H17a1,1,0,0,0,1-1V16a1,1,0,1,1,2,0v3a3,3,0,0,1-3,3Zm6.288-6.3-4-4a1,1,0,0,1,1.414-1.414L9,12.586V1a1,1,0,0,1,2,0V12.586l2.293-2.293a1,1,0,0,1,1.414,1.414l-4,4a1,1,0,0,1-1.423,0Z" fill="currentColor"></path> </g> </svg></span><span>下载其他格式</年代p一个n></span></span> </div> </div> </div> <a href="//www.newsama.com/reprints/573425/confirm" class="ButtonGroup_buttonGroupWrapper__Rqhy0" role="button" type="ghost" aria-label="Order printed copies" tabindex="0" unselectable="on" target="_blank"><span class="ButtonGroup_leftGroup__FJAmS"><span role="img" class="anticon ButtonGroup_buttonGroupWrapperIcon__CFikg"> <svg width="1em" height="1em" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M7.41667 1H18.6667C19.1269 1 19.5 1.44772 19.5 2V22C19.5 22.5523 19.1269 23 18.6667 23H7.41667C5.80584 23 4.5 21.433 4.5 19.5V4.5C4.5 2.567 5.80584 1 7.41667 1ZM6.16667 16.3368V4.5C6.16667 3.67157 6.72631 3 7.41667 3H17.8333V16H7.41667C6.96933 16 6.54552 16.1208 6.16667 16.3368ZM17.8333 18H7.41667C6.72631 18 6.16667 18.6716 6.16667 19.5C6.16667 20.3284 6.72631 21 7.41667 21H17.8333V18Z" fill="currentColor"></path> </svg></span><span>订单打印副本</年代p一个n></span><span role="img" class="anticon ButtonGroup_buttonGroupWrapperIcon__CFikg"> <svg width="1em" height="1em" viewbox="0 0 18 14"> <defs> <clippath id="a"> <path d="M10.293,13.707a1,1,0,0,1,0-1.414L14.586,8H1A1,1,0,0,1,1,6H14.586L10.293,1.707A1,1,0,0,1,11.707.293l6,6a1,1,0,0,1,.172.231h0l.01.019,0,.005.007.014.006.012,0,.008.008.018v0a1,1,0,0,1-.009.817l0,0L17.9,7.44l0,.009-.005.011-.007.013,0,.008-.008.015,0,.005-.01.016,0,0-.011.017,0,0-.012.018,0,0-.012.017,0,0L17.8,7.6l0,0-.011.014,0,.006-.01.012-.009.011-.006.007-.015.017h0l-.04.042-6,6a1,1,0,0,1-1.414,0Z" transform="translate(3 5)"></path> </clippath> </defs> <g transform="translate(-3 -5)"> <path d="M10.293,13.707a1,1,0,0,1,0-1.414L14.586,8H1A1,1,0,0,1,1,6H14.586L10.293,1.707A1,1,0,0,1,11.707.293l6,6a1,1,0,0,1,.172.231h0l.01.019,0,.005.007.014.006.012,0,.008.008.018v0a1,1,0,0,1-.009.817l0,0L17.9,7.44l0,.009-.005.011-.007.013,0,.008-.008.015,0,.005-.01.016,0,0-.011.017,0,0-.012.018,0,0-.012.017,0,0L17.8,7.6l0,0-.011.014,0,.006-.01.012-.009.011-.006.007-.015.017h0l-.04.042-6,6a1,1,0,0,1-1.414,0Z" transform="translate(3 5)" fill="currentColor"></path> </g> </svg></span></a> <div class="articleToolbarStatistics_articleToolbarStatistics__8_woN"> <div class="articleToolbarStatistics_column__R2GqD"> <div> <div> <span>的观点</年代p一个n> <div class="articleToolbarStatistics_amount__vJIDp"> 666年</div> </div> <div> <span>下载</年代p一个n> <div class="articleToolbarStatistics_amount__vJIDp"> 676年</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="articleToolbarStatistics_column__R2GqD articleToolbarStatistics_dimensions__pe7pO"> <div> 引用</div> <span class="__dimensions_badge_embed__ articleToolbarStatistics_circle__p2dSc" data-doi="10.1155/2008/573425" data-style="small_circle"></span> </div> </div> <ul class="articleToolbarSocials_articleToolbarSocials__g02HH"> <li><a href="https://twitter.com/share?url=https://doi.org/10.1155/2008/573425&via=Hindawi" unselectable="on" title="" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><span role="img" class="anticon"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em" viewbox="126.444 2.281 589 589"> <circle 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𝑦 = 0 is making harmonic oscillations in its own plane. A finite difference technique is employed and solutions for small and large frequencies of the oscillations are obtained for various values of the Hartmann's number and the Weissenberg number."> 不稳定驻点流动的粘弹性流体在磁场的存在</t我tle> <link rel="preload stylesheet" as="style" type="text/css" href="https://cdn.bibblio.org/rcm/4.28.0/bib-related-content.min.css"> <link rel="preload" href="https://static.hindawi.com/new/next_assets/2023-07-28-feb27a73342c7c6488f7bc36ec4b5f/_next/static/css/b2661f2cd4bd618b.css" as="style"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://static.hindawi.com/new/next_assets/2023-07-28-feb27a73342c7c6488f7bc36ec4b5f/_next/static/css/b2661f2cd4bd618b.css" data-n-g=""> <style 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href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijmms/contents/year/2008/" aria-label="2008">2008年</一个></年代p一个n><span class="ant-breadcrumb-separator">/</年代p一个n></li> <li><span class="ant-breadcrumb-link">文章</年代p一个n><span class="ant-breadcrumb-separator">/</年代p一个n></li> </ol> </nav> <div class="ant-row ThreeColumnLayout_wrapper__gPK_l"> <div class="ant-col ThreeColumnLayout_leftColumn__yqNgV"> <div> <div> <div id="article-table-of-contents" data-ismobile="false"> <div class="TableOfContents_tableOfContents__0jAuv"> <div class="TableOfContents_tableOfContents__title__CH9Lz"> 在这一页上</div> <a class="TableOfContents_tableOfContents__item__JJil1" href="#abstract">文摘</一个><一个class="TableOfContents_tableOfContents__item__JJil1" href="#introduction">介绍</一个><一个class="TableOfContents_tableOfContents__item__JJil1" href="#conclusions">结论</一个><一个class="TableOfContents_tableOfContents__item__JJil1" href="#references">引用</一个><一个class="TableOfContents_tableOfContents__item__JJil1" href="#copyright">版权</一个><一个class="TableOfContents_tableOfContents__item__JJil1" href="#related-articles">相关文章</一个></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ant-col ThreeColumnLayout_middleColumn__sbd41"> <div class="ArticleMiddleSection_articleMiddleSection__gAv9z"> <div class="articleHeader"> <strong>研究文章|开放获取</年代trong> <div class="articleHeader__meta"> <span>体积2008年|</年代p一个n> <span>文章的ID573425年|</年代p一个n> <span class="articleHeader__meta_doiLink"><a href="https://doi.org/10.1155/2008/573425" aria-label="Doi-link" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://doi.org/10.1155/2008/573425</一个></年代p一个n> </div> <div class="simpleShowMore"> <button class="simpleShowMore__button">显示引用</button> </div> <h1 class="articleHeader__title">不稳定驻点流动的粘弹性流体在磁场的存在</h1> <div class="articleHeader__authors"> <span class="articleHeader__authors_author"><strong>f . Labropulu</年代trong><a href="//www.newsama.com/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection" aria-label="Mail Option"><span role="img" class="anticon"> <svg version="1.0" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em" viewbox="0 0 1401 1101"> <path fill="#6ba439" d="M132.5 2.1C101.4 6 71.1 20.5 48.3 42.4c-22.7 21.7-37.5 48.3-44.6 80l-2.2 10.1v837l2.2 10.1c6.7 30 19.3 53.9 39.8 75.3 23.3 24.3 56.4 40.9 90 45 12.8 1.6 1122.2 1.6 1135 0 38.9-4.8 75.9-25.6 100-56.4 15-19.3 24.2-39 29.8-63.9l2.2-10.1v-837l-2.2-10.1c-7.1-31.8-21.9-58.3-44.6-80.1-20.2-19.2-43.9-31.7-73.6-38.5l-9.6-2.3L705 1.4c-321.9-.1-568.5.2-572.5.7zm1123.4 99.5c1.7.4 3.1 1 3.1 1.4 0 .5-125.6 87.7-279 194L700.9 490.2 422 297C268.5 190.7 143 103.4 143 103c0-.5 1-1.1 2.3-1.3 3.5-.7 1107.1-.8 1110.6-.1zM401 404c164.4 113.8 299.4 207 300 207 .6 0 135.6-93.2 300.1-207 164.5-113.9 299.3-207 299.5-207 .2 0 .4 170.9.4 379.7 0 417.9.5 386-6.1 398.3-6.2 11.6-19 21.4-31.9 24.4-5.8 1.4-67.4 1.6-562 1.6s-556.2-.2-562-1.6c-12.9-3-25.7-12.8-31.9-24.4-6.6-12.3-6.1 19.6-6.1-398.3 0-208.8.2-379.7.5-379.7S236.6 290.1 401 404z"></path> </svg></span></a><sup>1</年代up></span> </div> <div class="simpleShowMore"> <button class="simpleShowMore__button">显示更多</button> </div> <div class="articleHeader__academicEditor"> <strong>学术编辑器:</年代trong> <span>汉斯断</年代p一个n> </div> <div class="articleHeader__timeline"> <div class="articleHeader__timeline_item "> <strong>收到了</年代trong> <span>2008年6月26日</年代p一个n> </div> <div class="articleHeader__timeline_item "> <strong>修改后的</年代trong> <span>2008年10月29日</年代p一个n> </div> <div class="articleHeader__timeline_item "> <strong>接受</年代trong> <span>2008年12月20日</年代p一个n> </div> <div class="articleHeader__timeline_item articleHeader__timeline_item_sticky"> <strong>发表</年代trong> <span>2009年3月05</年代p一个n> </div> </div> </div> <div class="articleBody"> <div class="xml-content"> <h4 class="header" id="abstract">文摘</h4> <p>沃尔特斯B的非定常二维驻点流动的流体侵犯无限板的横向磁场检测和解决方案。它假定无限板<年代vg height="13.55" id="M1" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:35.075001px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 35.075001 13.55" width="35.075001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.55)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.16)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.6648188" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.705208" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>使谐波振荡的飞机。采用有限差分方法和解决方案的小型和大型频率振荡获得了哈特曼的不同值的数量和韦森伯数。</p><年代p一个n class="end-abs"></span> <h4 id="introduction">1。介绍</h4> <p>在过去的几十年里,非牛顿粘弹性液体已经成为越来越重要的工业。在这些液体的液体diffferential类型如沃尔特斯B液(<一个href="#B1">1</一个>]。粘弹性流体的行为由牛顿流体模型不能准确地描述。非牛顿流体的运动方程是高度非线性和一阶高于navier - stokes方程。出于这个原因,边界条件除了防滑条件必须有一个适定问题。只有在某些特殊情况下,这些方程的高阶非线性项可以忽视从而减少他们的订单,是“无衬”条件足以产生独特的解决方案。一般来说,Rajagopal [<一个href="#B2">2</一个>),和古普塔(<一个href="#B3">3</一个>],Rajagopal [<一个href="#B4">4</一个>]和Rajagopal Kaloni [<一个href="#B5">5</一个>]表明,缺乏这个附加边界条件导致非唯一解问题涉及流体的流动微分型如沃尔特斯在有限域B液。</p><p>不可压缩粘性流体的流动在一个移动的板在许多工业应用有其重要性。塑料布的挤压,胶带的制造和应用涂料层刚性基板上的一些例子。如果存在磁场,粘性流动由于移动板块在电磁领域,即magnetohydrodymanic(磁流体动力)流动,许多相关的实际应用在冶金行业,如冷却连续的线条和丝通过静止流体和熔融金属与非金属夹杂物的净化。</p><p>流体力学,历史上一直相当关注的研究二维驻点流动。Hiemenz [<一个href="#B6">6</一个>)派生的精确解牛顿流体的稳定流动无限平板撞击的活动。斯图尔特(<一个href="#B7">7</一个>],Tamada [<一个href="#B8">8</一个>]和Dorrepaal [<一个href="#B9">9</一个>)解决方案的独立调查驻点流动时,流体影响斜板。胡子,沃尔特斯(<一个href="#B10">10</一个>)用边界层方程来研究二维粘弹性流体的流驻点附近。Dorrepaal et al。<一个href="#B11">11</一个>]研究了粘弹性流体的行为侵犯一个平面刚性墙在任意入射角。Labropulu et al。<一个href="#B12">12</一个>]研究了粘弹性流体的斜流侵犯多孔墙与吸入或吹。Hiemenz流的牛顿流体在磁场中首次被Na (<一个href="#B13">13</一个>),后来被阿里尔(<一个href="#B14">14</一个>]。非牛顿流的沃尔特斯B液在存在横向磁场研究了爱丽儿(<一个href="#B15">15</一个>]。阿迪(<一个href="#B16">16</一个>)研究二年级非牛顿流体的稳定流动与传热的驻点外部均匀磁场。</p><p>此外,非定常或非定常粘性流驻点附近也被广泛研究。Glauert [<一个href="#B17">17</一个>]和Rott [<一个href="#B18">18</一个>]研究了驻点的牛顿流体流动板执行谐波振荡的飞机。斯利瓦斯塔瓦(<一个href="#B19">19</一个>]研究相同的问题使用Karman-Pohlhausen方法二年级非牛顿流体。Labropulu et al。<一个href="#B20">20.</一个>)使用系列的方法解决不稳定驻点流动的粘弹性流体撞击振动平板。</p><p>在这部作品中,二维不稳定驻点流动沃尔特斯B的流体撞击在无限板检查磁场的存在和解决方案。它假定无限板<年代vg height="13.55" id="M2" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:35.075001px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 35.075001 13.55" width="35.075001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.55)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.16)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.6648188" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.705208" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>使谐波振荡的平面和磁场横向或垂直的流场。解决方案的小型和大型频率振荡得到使用有限差分技术。</p><h4 id="flow-equations-and-boundary-conditions">2。流方程和边界条件</h4> <p>我们认为二维不可压缩非牛顿流沃尔特斯B液对无限流板正常磁场的存在。的<年代vg height="7.1624999" id="M3" style="vertical-align:-0.11285pt;width:8.7250004px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.7250004 7.1624999" width="8.7250004" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.1625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-66.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>设在沿板块和<年代vg height="9.8625002" id="M4" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:7.875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 7.875 9.8625002" width="7.875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,9.8625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-64.11)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>设在板是正常的。我们假设板使谐波振荡的飞机的速度<年代vg height="7.1624999" id="M5" style="vertical-align:-0.11285pt;width:8.7250004px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.7250004 7.1624999" width="8.7250004" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.1625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-66.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>方向等于<年代vg height="13.2875" id="M6" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt;width:29.825001px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 29.825001 13.2875" width="29.825001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.2875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.37)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,61.56)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.2765059" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-60.11,66.56)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.6819839" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>在哪里<年代vg height="7.1750002" id="M7" style="vertical-align:-0.1254pt;width:7.9749999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 7.9749999 7.1750002" width="7.9749999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.175)"> <g transform="translate(72,-66.26)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<年代vg height="7.1875" id="M8" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt;width:10.7625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 10.7625 7.1875" width="10.7625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.1875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-66.25)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>是常数。非定常二维流动的粘性不可压缩非牛顿沃尔特斯B液在磁场的存在是由(见胡子和沃尔特斯(<一个href="#B10">10</一个>]和Na [<一个href="#B13">13</一个>])<年代p一个n class="equation" id="eq1"> <svg height="221.6125" id="M9" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 221.6125" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,221.6125)"> <g transform="translate(72,105.29)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,175.16,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3765302" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 174.68,59.47 13.27,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,174.68,47.59)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.24" y="-8.7600002"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3890328" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.780001" y="-16.01"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.169033" y="-16.01"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 204.46,59.47 12.72,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,204.53,47.59)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3765302" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.32" y="-8.7600002"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.347885" y="-8.7600002"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.599384" y="-8.7600002"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="260.22" y="-8.7600002"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="264.38348" y="-8.7600002"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="270.63501" y="-8.7600002"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="273.76074" y="-8.7600002"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="280.01224" y="-8.7600002"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-239.42999" y="20.65"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-233.04097" y="20.65"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m -34.9,22.81 12.32,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-33.89,10.93)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3890328" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.28" y="-8.7600002"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.62022" y="-8.7600002"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.220001" y="-16.01"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.609032" y="-16.01"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m -0.14,22.81 13.26,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-0.14,10.93)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3765302" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.24" y="-8.7600002"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.580221" y="-8.7600002"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.240002" y="-16.01"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.629032" y="-16.01"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 35.96,22.81 12.59,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,35.96,10.93)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.57" y="-8.7600002"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan 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transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,196.52,24.69)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,201.4,19.69)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.9200001" y="4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.309999" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.65" y="4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.009998" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.57" y="-7.25"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 243.53,22.81 13.27,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,243.53,10.93)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.209999" y="-16.01"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3890328" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.24" y="-8.7600002"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.580221" y="-8.7600002"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 279.64,22.81 12.59,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,279.64,10.93)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.79" y="-3.8399999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.389999" y="-8.7600002"> ∇</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3765302" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,310.17,24.69)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,315.04,19.69)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 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x="21.379999" y="-7.25"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.769033" y="-7.25"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 386,22.81 12.59,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,386,10.93)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.79" y="-8.7600002"> ∇</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3890328" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,408.93,24.69)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,413.8,19.69)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-239.2" y="43.169998"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-256.79999" y="38.25"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-245.45978" y="38.25"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-231.78999" y="31"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-225.41347" y="31"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 181.53,-15.43 13.27,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,181.53,-27.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.129999" y="-16"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3890328" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,204.05,-6.24)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,208.93,-11.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 197.19,-15.43 18.14,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,197.19,-27.68)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3765302" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,210.45,-24.24)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,219.3,-18.56)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.54" y="-7.25"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.929033" y="-7.25"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 231.84,-15.43 12.72,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,231.9,-27.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.18" y="-16"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3890328" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,253.47,-6.24)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,258.35,-11.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 246.95,-15.43 17.46,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,246.95,-27.68)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3765302" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,259.54,-24.24)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,268.39,-18.56)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.34" y="4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.040001" y="-7.25"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.416531" y="-7.25"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 288.29,-15.43 12.59,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,288.29,-27.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.559999" y="-8.75"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3765302" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.379999" y="-16"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.756531" y="-16"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 317.39,-15.43 13.27,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,317.39,-27.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.46" y="-3.8299999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.59" y="-16"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3890328" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,351.37,-6.24)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,356.25,-11.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 340.65,-15.43 25.86,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,340.65,-27.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="44.540001" y="-8.75"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3890328" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.265683" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.654716" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.049999" y="-3.8299999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.788876" y="-3.8299999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="57.07" y="-18.01"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="64.409264" y="-18.01"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,413.77,-12.42)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 397.72,-15.43 20.92,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,405.04,-27.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.79" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.716421" y="-8.75"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="59.709999" y="-27.370001"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="63.873501" y="-27.370001"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="70.125" y="-27.370001"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="73.250748" y="-27.370001"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="79.502251" y="-27.370001"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-440.42999" y="21.02"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-434.04095" y="21.02"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m -35.39,-52.46 12.72,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-34.18,-64.34)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3765302" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.48" y="-8.75"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.820221" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.220001" y="-16.01"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.609032" y="-16.01"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m -0.23,-52.46 13.26,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-0.23,-64.34)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3765302" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.24" y="-8.75"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.567719" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.099998" y="-16.01"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.489033" y="-16.01"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 35.87,-52.46 12.72,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,35.93,-64.34)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.75" y="-16.01"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3890328" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.629999" y="-8.75"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.970221" y="-8.75"> +</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 73.66,-52.46 6.28,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,73.66,-64.34)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.7200003" y="-17.059999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.09653" y="-17.059999"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 82.33,-52.46 12.59,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,82.33,-64.34)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3890328" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.26" y="-8.75"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.287886" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.564392" y="-8.75"> ∇</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,127.05,-50.58)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text 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style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,176.84,-64.34)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.5" y="-3.8299999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.870001" y="-8.75"> ∇</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3890328" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,204.85,-50.58)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,209.72,-55.59)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3299999" y="4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.709999" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.049999" y="4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.419998" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.98" y="-7.2600002"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 252.26,-52.46 13.26,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,252.26,-64.34)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.200001" y="-16.01"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3765302" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.24" y="-8.75"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.580221" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 288.36,-52.46 12.59,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,288.36,-64.34)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.79" y="-3.8299999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.389999" y="-8.75"> ∇</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3890328" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,318.89,-50.58)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,323.76,-55.59)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.1021843" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.92" y="-7.2600002"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.309032" y="-7.2600002"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 345.41,-52.46 13.26,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,345.41,-64.34)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.46" y="-8.75"> ∇</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3765302" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,369.01,-50.58)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,373.88,-55.59)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.7020884" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.25" y="-7.2600002"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.62653" y="-7.2600002"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 395.13,-52.46 12.71,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,395.19,-64.34)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.85" y="-8.75"> ∇</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3765302" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,418.18,-50.58)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,423.05,-55.59)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-240.53" y="43.16"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-258.13" y="38.240002"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-246.78978" y="38.240002"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-233.12" y="30.99"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-226.74347" y="30.99"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 189.45,-90.7 13.27,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,189.45,-102.58)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.94" y="-16"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3890328" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,211.78,-81.51)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,216.65,-86.58)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 205.11,-90.7 18.14,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,205.11,-102.95)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3890328" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,218.38,-99.51)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,227.22,-93.83)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.54" y="-7.25"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.929033" y="-7.25"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 239.76,-90.7 12.72,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,239.83,-102.58)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.04" y="-16"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3765302" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,261.26,-81.51)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,266.13,-86.58)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 254.87,-90.7 17.59,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,254.93,-102.95)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3890328" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,267.52,-99.51)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,276.43,-93.83)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.35" y="4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.040001" y="-7.25"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.429033" y="-7.25"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 296.34,-90.7 12.59,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,296.34,-102.58)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.559999" y="-8.75"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3765302" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.379999" y="-16"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.756531" y="-16"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 325.44,-90.7 13.27,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,325.44,-102.58)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.46" y="-3.8299999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.389999" y="-16"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3890328" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,359.22,-81.51)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,364.1,-86.58)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 348.7,-90.7 25.86,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,348.7,-102.58)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="41.75" y="-8.75"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3765302" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.25318" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.642214" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.049999" y="-3.8299999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.788876" y="-3.8299999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="116.05" y="-27.370001"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="120.2135" y="-27.370001"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="126.465" y="-27.370001"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="129.59074" y="-27.370001"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="135.84225" y="-27.370001"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span><span class="equation" id="eq2"> <svg height="13.55" id="M10" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:79px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 79 13.55" width="79" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.55)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.16)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.3897533" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.430141" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.356564" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.520063" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.396713" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="43.610462" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="49.811951" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="55.013199" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="58.92664" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span>在哪里<年代vg height="13.55" id="M12" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:82.612503px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 82.612503 13.55" width="82.612503" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.55)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.16)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-69.87,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.802352" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.830238" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.156755" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.320255" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.196903" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="44.410656" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="50.612144" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="55.825893" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="59.739334" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,<年代vg height="13.55" id="M13" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:79.474998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 79.474998 13.55" width="79.474998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.55)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.16)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.5772982" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.617687" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.731653" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.895153" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.771805" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="43.985554" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="50.187042" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="55.38829" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="59.301727" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>是速度组件,<年代vg height="13.55" id="M14" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:49.0625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 49.0625 13.55" width="49.0625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.55)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.16)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.7398367" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.780226" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.394552" y="0"> /</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.870388" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>的压力,<年代vg height="9.875" id="M15" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:7.9749999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 7.9749999 9.875" width="7.9749999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,9.875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-64.1)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>运动粘度,<年代vg height="6.9875002" id="M16" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt;width:9.3000002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.3000002 6.9875002" width="9.3000002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,6.9875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-66.41)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>是流体密度,<年代vg height="14.3875" id="M17" style="vertical-align:-3.25793pt;width:17.1px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.1 14.3875" width="17.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.49)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.25,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>导电性,<年代vg height="10.925" id="M18" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:15.0375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 15.0375 10.925" width="15.0375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.925)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.26)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.9,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>磁场和吗<年代vg height="14.75" id="M19" style="vertical-align:-3.25793pt;width:57.349998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 57.349998 14.75" width="57.349998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.75)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.2)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.3267579" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-55.91,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-47.56,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ≪</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.12863" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>是一个衡量的粘弹性流体。假设<年代vg height="48.375" id="M20" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 48.375" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,48.375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-33.3)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,137.02,61.56)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.3897533" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.430141" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.706648" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,170.3,66.56)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.6819839" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,182.22,61.56)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.166139" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.968491" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.008881" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="53.212769" y="0"> 一个</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="58.764099" y="0"> t</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="66.415939" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="76.093262" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="88.121147" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="94.372643" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-55.23" y="24.459999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-45.840248" y="24.459999"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-33.799858" y="24.459999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-28.611113" y="24.459999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-21.734463" y="24.459999"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-2.3923221" y="24.459999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.3975272" y="24.459999"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.437916" y="24.459999"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.002472" y="24.459999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.191216" y="24.459999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="49.357594" y="24.459999"> 一个</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="54.908928" y="24.459999"> 年代</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="63.936092" y="24.459999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="75.701416" y="24.459999"> →</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="92.830528" y="24.459999"> ∞</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="104.4083" y="24.459999"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="282.53" y="12.04"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="286.69351" y="12.04"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="292.94501" y="12.04"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="296.07074" y="12.04"> 4</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="302.32224" y="12.04"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,所以可以忽略感应磁场的影响。</p><p>对于这个问题,给出了边界条件<年代p一个n class="equation" id="eq005"> <svg height="11.0625" id="M21" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt;width:33.8125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 33.8125 11.0625" width="33.8125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.15)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.6520758" y="0"> ></t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.692465" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span>在哪里<年代vg height="10.5375" id="M22" style="vertical-align:-0.16302pt;width:45.612499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 45.612499 10.5375" width="45.612499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.5375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.57)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.277946" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.318335" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.50708" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>是一个常数逆时间的单位。的数量<年代vg height="13.55" id="M23" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:56.537498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 56.537498 13.55" width="56.537498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.55)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.16)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.3772497" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.540749" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.417398" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.631149" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.832638" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.046391" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.959827" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>是流体的速度在边界层外。</p><p>连续性(<一个href="#eq1">2.1</一个>)意味着streamfunction的存在<年代vg height="34.737499" id="M24" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 34.737499" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,34.7375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-44.21)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,150.16,55.3)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.3897533" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.629999" y="-8.3000002"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.006531" y="-8.3000002"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 172.79,58.42 15.78,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,174.38,46.54)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3890328" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.38" y="-8.7600002"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.511028" y="-8.7600002"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="50.313381" y="-8.7600002"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="62.353771" y="-8.7600002"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="72.120003" y="-17.059999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="78.496529" y="-17.059999"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 246.5,58.42 15.77,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,247.75,46.54)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3890328" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.72" y="-8.7600002"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="217" y="-8.7600002"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="221.1635" y="-8.7600002"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="227.41499" y="-8.7600002"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="230.54076" y="-8.7600002"> 5</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="236.79225" y="-8.7600002"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>这样<年代p一个n class="equation" id="eq4"> <svg height="12.925" id="M25" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-4.74141pt;width:58.924999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 58.924999 12.925" width="58.924999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.925)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.66)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.84,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8136001" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-52.71,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-34.56,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.340992" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span>替换(<一个href="#eq4">2.5</一个>)(<一个href="#eq2">2.2</一个>)和(<一个href="#eq2">2.3</一个>)和消除压力产生的方程使用<年代vg height="38.487499" id="M26" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 38.487499" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,38.4875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-41.21)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,11.91,59.91)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 9.96,55.79 10.3,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,9.96,43.91)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3765302" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.49" y="-8.75"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.653499" y="-8.75"> ∇</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,34.76,57.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,39.63,52.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.870001" y="-9.1400003"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.3897533" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.328918" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,75.55,58.68)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 68.5,55.79 11.93,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,71.33,43.91)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.45" y="-16"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 82.82,55.79 10.3,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,82.82,43.91)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3765302" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.5" y="-8.75"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.663499" y="-8.75"> ∇</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,107.62,57.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 4</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,112.49,52.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.3897533" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.328918" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.870001" y="-8.3000002"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.259033" y="-8.3000002"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.422531" y="-8.3000002"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="48.812286" y="-8.3000002"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="54.026035" y="-8.3000002"> ∇</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,175.66,65.97)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,180.53,60.96)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.3897533" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 141.36,55.79 52.72,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,151.22,43.91)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="46.84" y="-8.75"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="59.380001" y="-17.889999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3890328" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.552532" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.429182" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.63043" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.831919" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,217.65,58.68)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 210.6,55.79 11.92,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,213.42,43.91)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.49" y="-17.049999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.879032" y="-17.049999"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.042532" y="-17.049999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.432285" y="-17.049999"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.633533" y="-17.049999"> ∇</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,259.21,65.97)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 4</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,264.08,60.96)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.3772497" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 224.91,55.79 52.72,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,234.77,43.91)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3890328" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.552532" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.429182" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.63043" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.831919" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="46.84" y="-8.75"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="58.167717" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="64.444221" y="-8.75"> ∇</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,308.37,57.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 4</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,313.24,52.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.165419" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.709999" y="-9.2600002"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.036758" y="-9.2600002"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,353.99,58.8)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 337.95,55.79 20.91,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,345.27,43.91)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.98" y="-17.049999"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,367.64,66.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,372.52,60.96)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 361.25,55.79 20.66,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,362.85,43.54)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3765302" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,375.44,46.98)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,386.58,52.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="78.169998" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="82.333496" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="88.584999" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="91.710747" y="0"> 6</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="97.96225" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>收益率<年代p一个n class="equation" id="eq5"> <svg height="13.55" id="M27" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:56.537498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 56.537498 13.55" width="56.537498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.55)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.16)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.3772497" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.540749" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.417398" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.631149" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.832638" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.046391" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.959827" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span>取得一个解决方案(<一个href="#eq5">2.6</一个>),速度分量是由(<一个href="#eq4">2.5</一个>)。</p><p>年代treamfunction的边界条件<年代vg height="80.574997" id="M28" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 80.574997" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,80.575)"> <g transform="translate(72,-7.54)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,122.5,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3890328" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 122.5,58.42 15.78,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,124.1,46.54)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3765302" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.85" y="-8.7600002"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.877886" y="-8.7600002"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.154392" y="-8.7600002"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,166.83,60.3)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.6819839" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,178.75,55.3)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.370001" y="-8.3000002"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.746531" y="-8.3000002"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 195.12,58.42 15.78,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,196.37,46.54)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3890328" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.200001" y="-8.7600002"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.227886" y="-8.7600002"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="47.444279" y="-8.7600002"> 一个</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="52.995609" y="-8.7600002"> t</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="60.634941" y="-8.7600002"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="70.312263" y="-8.7600002"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="82.352654" y="-8.7600002"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="88.604156" y="-8.7600002"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-73.870003" y="19.6"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-67.480965" y="19.6"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 122.5,21.76 15.78,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,124.1,9.88)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3765302" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.85" y="-8.7600002"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.877886" y="-8.7600002"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.066631" y="-8.7600002"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.943279" y="-8.7600002"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="59.32" y="-17.059999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="65.70903" y="-17.059999"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 183.42,21.76 15.78,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,184.68,9.88)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3765302" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.190001" y="-8.7600002"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.217886" y="-8.7600002"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.406631" y="-8.7600002"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="52.573009" y="-8.7600002"> 一个</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="58.124344" y="-8.7600002"> 年代</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="67.164009" y="-8.7600002"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="78.916832" y="-8.7600002"> →</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="96.045944" y="-8.7600002"> ∞</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="107.62372" y="-8.7600002"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="280.07001" y="-26.77"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="284.23349" y="-26.77"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="290.48499" y="-26.77"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="293.61075" y="-26.77"> 7</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="299.86224" y="-26.77"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>采取的形式<年代p一个n class="equation" id="eq008"> <svg height="10.725" id="M29" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:19.6875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 19.6875 10.725" width="19.6875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.725)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.42)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.55,63.47)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></p> <p>剪切应力分量<年代vg height="88.0625" id="M30" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 88.0625" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,88.0625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-1.55)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-6.91,52.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-0.5,49.54)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,12.22,52.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.65" y="4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.809999" y="-8.3000002"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,48.42,66.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,53.29,60.96)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 42.03,55.79 20.65,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,43.63,43.54)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3765302" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,56.22,46.98)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,66.66,52.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.54" y="-8.3000002"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,85.59,66.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,90.46,60.96)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 79.2,55.79 20.65,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,80.45,43.54)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3890328" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,93.72,46.98)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,101.05,47.74)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-79.559998" y="34.740002"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-68.232285" y="34.740002"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,39.88,9.88)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,44.76,8.08)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.9299998" y="-13.22"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.319033" y="-13.22"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 51.69,16.13 15.78,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,53.28,4.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.38" y="-3.8299999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.98" y="-17.049999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3890328" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,88.65,26.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,93.53,21.3)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 77.22,16.13 30.74,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,77.22,3.88)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3890328" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.265683" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.654716" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,103.08,7.32)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,111.93,13)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.54" y="-8.3000002"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,130.86,26.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,135.73,21.3)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 124.47,16.13 20.65,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,125.72,3.88)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3890328" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,138.99,7.32)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,146.32,8.08)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.38" y="-4.9200001"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.92" y="-13.22"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.29653" y="-13.22"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 169.24,16.13 15.77,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,170.49,4.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.72" y="-3.8299999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.280001" y="-17.049999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3890328" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,201.16,26.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,206.03,21.3)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 194.77,16.13 20.65,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,196.36,3.88)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3890328" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,208.95,7.32)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,219.4,13)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.57" y="-8.3000002"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,243.36,26.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,248.24,21.3)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 231.94,16.13 30.73,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,231.94,3.88)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3765302" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,245.2,7.32)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,250.08,3.88)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.78" y="-4.1999998"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.549999" y="-17.42"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3765302" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.16" y="-9.1199999"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.500221" y="-9.1199999"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,302.02,26.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,306.9,21.3)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 293.03,16.13 25.86,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,293.03,4.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.25" y="-17.049999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3890328" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.265683" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.654716" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,327.67,26.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,332.54,21.3)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 321.28,16.13 20.65,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,322.87,3.88)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3890328" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,335.46,7.32)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,345.91,13)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.790001" y="-8.3000002"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.327718" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,371.09,26.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,375.96,21.3)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 364.7,16.13 20.65,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,365.95,3.88)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3890328" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,379.22,7.32)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,390.34,21.3)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,396.73,26.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,401.61,21.3)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 387.74,16.13 25.86,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,387.74,4.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.049999" y="-3.8299999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.790001" y="-8.75"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3890328" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.265683" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.654716" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="77.010002" y="-29.4"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="81.1735" y="-29.4"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="87.424995" y="-29.4"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="90.550751" y="-29.4"> 8</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="96.802246" y="-29.4"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>是由<年代p一个n class="equation" id="eq6"> <svg height="17.799999" id="M31" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 17.799999" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,17.8)"> <g transform="translate(72,-57.76)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,149.88,61.56)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.853084" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.893473" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.082218" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.958866" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="43.898033" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="48.061531" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="54.26302" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="61.202187" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="72.542404" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="78.818909" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,234.27,66.56)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.6819839" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,246.19,61.56)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.1514759" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.314975" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.516462" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="218.56" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="222.7235" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="228.97501" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="232.10075" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="238.35225" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></p> <h4 id="solutions">3所示。解决方案</h4> <p>后Glauert [<一个href="#B17">17</一个>形式),我们寻求一个解决方案<年代p一个n class="equation" id="eq7"> <svg height="49.924999" id="M32" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 49.924999" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,49.925)"> <g transform="translate(72,-32.06)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,129.23,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-14.79" y="29.040001"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-8.9399996" y="26.52"> ∞</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="2.6400001" y="29.040001"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.9391651" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.102664" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.354164" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.980993" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.021381" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="43.960548" y="0"> ′</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="47.573914" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="51.737415" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="57.988914" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="65.62825" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="77.668633" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="83.920135" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="109.05116" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="115.20264" y="0"> ′</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="118.81601" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="122.97951" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="129.231" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="136.87035" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="148.91074" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="155.16223" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-25.34" y="26.52"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-18.400835" y="26.52"> ′</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.96" y="26.52"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.987886" y="26.52"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.239386" y="26.52"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="55.382919" y="26.52"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="62.322083" y="26.52"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="66.48558" y="26.52"> ∞</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="78.063362" y="26.52"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="85.702698" y="26.52"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="97.730583" y="26.52"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="103.93207" y="26.52"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="129.07561" y="26.52"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="135.22708" y="26.52"> ′</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="138.84044" y="26.52"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="143.00394" y="26.52"> ∞</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="154.58173" y="26.52"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="162.20856" y="26.52"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="174.24895" y="26.52"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="180.50044" y="26.52"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="335.51999" y="14.29"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="339.6835" y="14.29"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="345.935" y="14.29"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="349.06076" y="14.29"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="355.31226" y="14.29"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span>边界条件形式<年代p一个n class="equation" id="eq8"> <svg height="77.125" id="M33" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 77.125" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,77.125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-10.3)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,45.07,54.52)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.2640028" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,59.79,59.59)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9144161" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.6362882" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.0648" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,76.04,54.52)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.16" y="4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.52" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.459166" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,115.94,59.59)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9756801" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.9513602" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,128.15,54.52)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.327718" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.266884" y="0"> ′</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.880251" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,158.48,59.59)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9756801" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,164.93,49.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.38" y="-4.9200001"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.92" y="-14.06"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,194.9,60.54)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,199.78,63.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 187.85,57.65 17.74,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,193.58,45.77)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.2" y="-3.8299999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.57" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.509165" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,229.53,59.59)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9144161" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="7.3429279" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,243.06,54.52)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> ′</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.892754" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,273.4,59.59)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9144161" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.6362882" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.0648" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,286.87,49.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.39" y="-4.9200001"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.92" y="-14.19"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.25926" y="-14.19"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,325.84,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 309.79,57.65 20.92,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,317.11,45.77)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.79" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,340.34,59.59)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9756801" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,350.27,54.52)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-348.70001" y="33.130001"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-342.42349" y="33.130001"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,14.5,26.39)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9144161" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.6362882" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.0648" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,30.76,21.39)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.327718" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.216151" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.730694" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,61.15,26.39)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9756801" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,70.38,21.39)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.54" y="-9.1400003"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,89.97,27.4)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 82.92,24.52 11.93,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,85.74,12.64)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.3" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.188433" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.702976" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,115.1,26.39)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9144161" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.6362882" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.0648" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,131.35,21.39)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.16" y="4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.52" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.459166" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,169.46,26.39)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9756801" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.9513602" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,181.67,21.39)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,201.45,26.46)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9756801" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,207.9,21.39)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.7700005" y="4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.15" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.1514759" y="0"> ′</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.68" y="-7.25"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.731693" y="-7.25"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 240.58,24.52 12.87,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,243.88,12.64)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.77" y="-3.8299999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.129999" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.069164" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,275.6,26.39)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9144161" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="7.3429279" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,289.14,21.39)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.327718" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,308.92,26.46)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9144161" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.6362882" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.0648" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,322.4,21.39)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.7600002" y="4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.139999" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.1514759" y="0"> ′</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.68" y="-9.2600002"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.00676" y="-9.2600002"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,371.12,27.53)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 355.08,24.52 20.92,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,362.4,12.64)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.79" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,383.84,26.39)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9756801" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,393.76,21.39)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.040389" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.291889" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="70.989998" y="-16.629999"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="75.153496" y="-16.629999"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="81.404999" y="-16.629999"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="84.530746" y="-16.629999"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="90.782249" y="-16.629999"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span>使用(<一个href="#eq7">3所示。1</一个>)(<一个href="#eq5">2.6</一个>),我们得到<年代p一个n class="equation" id="eq10"> <svg height="39.625" id="M34" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 39.625" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,39.625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-40.3)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,75.56,52.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.76" y="6.8000002"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.7148314" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 111.38,70.69 8.67,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,112.8,59.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 112.57,55.33 6.28,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,112.57,43.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="75.790001" y="-1.97"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.48" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.681488" y="-8.75"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.800014" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.739182" y="-8.75"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="49.902679" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="56.104168" y="-8.75"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="63.7435" y="-8.75"> =</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 202.41,70.71 8.67,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,203.61,59.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 203.61,55.33 6.28,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,203.84,43.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="90.870003" y="-1.97"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.2399998" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.966854" y="-8.75"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.130354" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.381853" y="-8.75"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.545353" y="-8.75"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="54.67638" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="60.827858" y="-8.75"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="64.991356" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="71.192848" y="-8.75"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="78.832176" y="-8.75"> =</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 308.77,70.71 8.66,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,309.96,59.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 309.96,55.33 6.28,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,310.19,43.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.2399998" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.417202" y="-8.75"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.580702" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.832201" y="-8.75"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="154.56" y="-8.75"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="158.7235" y="-8.75"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="164.97501" y="-8.75"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="168.10075" y="-8.75"> 4</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="174.35225" y="-8.75"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span>Non-dimensionalizing使用<年代p一个n class="equation" id="eq12"> <svg height="70.949997" id="M35" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 70.949997" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,70.95)"> <g transform="translate(72,-15.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,61.23,57.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,70.77,62.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9144161" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.6362882" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.0648" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,87.03,57.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.067076" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,115.64,62.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9756801" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.9513602" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,127.84,57.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.067076" y="0"> ′</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.680443" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,160.07,62.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9756801" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,169.3,57.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.327718" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,192.09,54.16)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,196.48,52.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.3699999" y="-4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.096854" y="-4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,221.12,62.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9144161" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="7.3429279" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,234.65,57.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.067076" y="0"> ′</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.680443" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,266.87,62.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9144161" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.6362882" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.0648" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,280.35,52.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.38" y="-4.9200001"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.720221" y="-4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.285736" y="-4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,324.18,62.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9756801" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,334.1,57.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-330.32001" y="33.110001"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,13.21,29.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9144161" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.6362882" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.0648" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,29.46,24.18)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.067076" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,57.96,29.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9756801" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.9513602" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,70.16,24.18)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,91.05,29.18)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9756801" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,97.5,24.18)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.1772022" y="0"> ′</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.553732" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.906456" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,135.86,21.06)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,140.25,19.26)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.3699999" y="-4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.096854" y="-4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,164.77,29.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9144161" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="7.3429279" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,178.31,24.18)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,199.19,29.18)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9144161" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.6362882" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.0648" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,212.67,24.18)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.79" y="4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.17" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.1772022" y="0"> ′</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.709999" y="-7.2600002"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.598434" y="-7.2600002"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 248.38,27.31 12.4,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,251.67,15.43)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.31" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,271.4,29.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9756801" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,280.63,24.18)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.54" y="-9.2399998"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.428432" y="-9.2399998"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.942976" y="-9.2399998"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,317.03,30.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 293.17,27.31 28.25,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,304.39,15.43)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.219999" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,332.04,29.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9144161" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.6362882" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.0648" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,348.3,24.18)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.905737" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,381.63,29.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9756801" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,391.56,24.18)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="73.190002" y="-16.32"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="77.3535" y="-16.32"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="83.604996" y="-16.32"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="86.730751" y="-16.32"> 5</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="92.982246" y="-16.32"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span>我们得到了<年代p一个n class="equation" id="eq13"> <svg height="14.7125" id="M36" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:73.612503px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 73.612503 14.7125" width="73.612503" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.23)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-60.5,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-52.63,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-34.32,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-29.44,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.188745" y="0"> /</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.6645794" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span>在哪里<年代vg height="14.75" id="M37" style="vertical-align:-3.25793pt;width:83.949997px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 83.949997 14.75" width="83.949997" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.75)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.2)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.028847" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.069235" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.408497" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-27.83,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-22.96,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> /</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="3.4758339" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.7523403" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.941085" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>、韦森伯数的比例是粘滞效应和弹性的影响<年代vg height="13.55" id="M38" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:27.950001px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 27.950001 13.55" width="27.950001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.55)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.16)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.7268538" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.890353" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.091841" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>哈特曼的号码。</p><p>的渐近行为<年代vg height="15.75" id="M39" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 15.75" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,15.75)"> <g transform="translate(72,-59.4)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,140.78,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.7268538" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.890353" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.091841" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.718672" y="0"> ∼</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.75906" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="46.736214" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="58.076435" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="77.005974" y="0"> 一个</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="82.557312" y="0"> 年代</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="91.584473" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="103.3498" y="0"> →</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="120.4789" y="0"> ∞</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="132.05669" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="323.97" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="328.13348" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="334.38501" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="337.51074" y="0"> 6</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="343.76224" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>远离板(在边界层外)是由<年代p一个n class="equation" id="s1"> <svg height="10.55" id="M40" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:11.325px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.325 10.55" width="11.325" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.55)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.56)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.61)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span>在哪里<年代vg height="18.4625" id="M41" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 18.4625" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,18.4625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-57.23)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,83.03,61.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.7268538" y="0"> ′</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.50372" y="0"> ∞</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.081497" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.708328" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="46.748718" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="53.000217" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="80.219246" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,172.79,66.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9756801" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,179.24,61.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> ∞</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.741277" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.38061" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.408497" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,224.2,66.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9756801" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.9513602" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,233.62,61.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> ∞</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.741277" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.38061" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.408497" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,278.58,66.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9144161" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.6362882" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.0648" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,292.06,61.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> ∞</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.741277" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.368107" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.408497" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="172.69" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="176.8535" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="183.105" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="186.23074" y="0"> 7</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="192.48225" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>是一个常数,占边界层位移。</p><p>使用这种渐近行为,得到<年代p一个n class="equation" id="eq0017"> <svg height="9.875" id="M42" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:7.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 7.9375 9.875" width="7.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,9.875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-64.1)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></p> <p>积分(<一个href="#eq13">3所示。5</一个>一旦对)<年代vg height="122.4625" id="M43" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 122.4625" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,122.4625)"> <g transform="translate(72,25.97)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,34.71,57.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,44.25,62.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9756801" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.9513602" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,56.46,57.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.327718" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.054571" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,85.07,62.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9756801" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,94.29,57.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,115.18,62.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9756801" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,125.81,57.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.327718" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,148.6,54.16)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,152.99,52.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.3699999" y="-4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.096854" y="-4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,177.63,62.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9144161" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.6362882" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.0648" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,193.88,57.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.591721" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.318575" y="0"> ′</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.931942" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,232.36,62.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9756801" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.9513602" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,244.56,57.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,265.44,62.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9756801" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.9513602" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,276.27,52.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-169.56" y="21.6"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-160.03" y="24.110001"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-154.17" y="21.6"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-147.92" y="24.110001"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-318.09" y="50.080002"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.38" y="-4.9200001"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.720221" y="-4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.285736" y="-4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.012589" y="-4.9200001"> ′</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="49.089287" y="-4.9200001"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="61.129677" y="-4.9200001"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="69.694229" y="-4.9200001"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="78.721397" y="-4.9200001"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="90.07412" y="-4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="102.63964" y="-4.9200001"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-138.60001" y="21.6"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-126.57211" y="21.6"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-120.32062" y="21.6"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-95.177078" y="21.6"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-87.450226" y="21.6"> ′</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-83.836861" y="21.6"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-79.673363" y="21.6"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-73.42186" y="21.6"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-65.782532" y="21.6"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-53.754642" y="21.6"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-47.503143" y="21.6"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-22.35961" y="21.6"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-14.632755" y="21.6"> ′</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-11.019388" y="21.6"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-6.8558888" y="21.6"> ∞</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.721889" y="21.6"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.348719" y="21.6"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.389109" y="21.6"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.640608" y="21.6"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="188.48" y="6.4200001"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="192.64349" y="6.4200001"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="198.895" y="6.4200001"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="202.02075" y="6.4200001"> 8</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="208.27225" y="6.4200001"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-32.39,7.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9756801" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.9513602" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-20.19,2.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.067076" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,8.31,7.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9756801" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,17.54,2.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.327718" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.054571" y="0"> ′</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.667938" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.84514" y="0"> ′</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.246677" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="49.586899" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,78.59,-0.84)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,82.98,-2.63)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.3600001" y="-4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.086854" y="-4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,107.5,7.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9144161" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.6362882" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.0648" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,123.75,2.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.067076" y="0"> ′</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.680443" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,155.86,7.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9756801" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.9513602" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,168.07,2.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,188.95,7.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9756801" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,195.4,2.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,204.83,7.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9756801" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,214.06,2.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.327718" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,234.94,7.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9756801" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.9513602" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,244.36,2.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.79" y="4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.17" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.1772022" y="0"> ′</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.709999" y="-7.25"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.598434" y="-7.25"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 280.07,5.41 12.41,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,283.37,-6.47)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.3" y="-3.8399999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.67" y="-8.7600002"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.847202" y="-8.7600002"> ′</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.223732" y="-8.7600002"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="44.576454" y="-8.7600002"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,339.4,-0.84)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,343.79,2.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,353.22,7.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9756801" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.9513602" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,362.65,-2.63)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.38" y="-4.9200001"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.720221" y="-4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.285736" y="-4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="43.462936" y="-4.9200001"> ′</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="50.539635" y="-4.9200001"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="62.580025" y="-4.9200001"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="68.831528" y="-4.9200001"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-232.17999" y="19.540001"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-223.00279" y="19.540001"> ′</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-219.38943" y="19.540001"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-215.22594" y="19.540001"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-208.97443" y="19.540001"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-201.3476" y="19.540001"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-189.30722" y="19.540001"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-183.05571" y="19.540001"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-157.91219" y="19.540001"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-148.73499" y="19.540001"> ′</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-145.12161" y="19.540001"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-140.95811" y="19.540001"> ∞</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-129.38034" y="19.540001"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-121.7535" y="19.540001"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-109.71311" y="19.540001"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-103.46162" y="19.540001"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="102.1" y="4.8400002"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="106.2635" y="4.8400002"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="112.515" y="4.8400002"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="115.64075" y="4.8400002"> 9</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="121.89225" y="4.8400002"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和使用条件在无穷远处,我们(见[<一个href="#B10">10</一个>])<年代p一个n class="equation" id="eq15"> <svg height="10.9125" id="M44" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:43.037498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 43.037498 10.9125" width="43.037498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.028847" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.069235" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></p> <p>系统(<一个href="#eq15">3所示。8</一个>),<年代vg height="15.325" id="M46" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:108.5125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 108.5125 15.325" width="108.5125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,15.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-59.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,62)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.41,67.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9756801" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-55.96,62)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.041828" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.082218" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.333717" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.459469" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.710968" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="51.962467" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="58.213966" y="0"> 5</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="64.465469" y="0"> 9</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>数值求解了许多作者(胡子和沃尔特<一个href="#B10">10</一个>),阿里尔(<一个href="#B21">21</一个>])。描述使用拍摄方法与有限差分技术,爱丽儿(<一个href="#B21">21</一个>),我们发现<年代vg height="14.7125" id="M47" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:47.137501px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 47.137501 14.7125" width="47.137501" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.23)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-60.5,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-52.63,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>当<年代vg height="10.9125" id="M48" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:43.037498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 43.037498 10.9125" width="43.037498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.028847" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.069235" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<年代vg height="15.325" id="M49" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:38.337502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 38.337502 15.325" width="38.337502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,15.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-59.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,62)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.41,67.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9756801" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-55.96,62)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>这是在良好的协议与价值观得到Hiemenz [<一个href="#B6">6</一个>]和Glauert [<一个href="#B17">17</一个>]。数值的<年代vg height="14.3625" id="M50" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:19.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 19.9375 14.3625" width="19.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.51)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-60.5,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>为不同的值<年代vg height="10.325" id="M51" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:17.237499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.237499 10.325" width="17.237499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<年代vg height="10.9125" id="M52" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:43.037498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 43.037498 10.9125" width="43.037498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.028847" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.069235" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>如表所示<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijmms/2008/573425/tab1/" target="_blank">1</一个>。这些值是在良好的协议与阿里尔(获得的值<一个href="#B21">21</一个>)当<年代vg height="10.325" id="M53" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:17.237499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.237499 10.325" width="17.237499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,阿里尔<一个href="#B15">15</一个>)为所有<年代vg height="10.9125" id="M54" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:43.037498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 43.037498 10.9125" width="43.037498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.028847" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.069235" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和Labropulu et al。<一个href="#B20">20.</一个>)当<年代vg height="14.7125" id="M55" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:90.150002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 90.150002 14.7125" width="90.150002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.23)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.990617" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.031006" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-35.46,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-27.59,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.405136" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。这些值也在良好的协议与阿迪(获得的值<一个href="#B16">16</一个>)当<年代vg height="12.5625" id="M56" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:16.387501px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16.387501 12.5625" width="16.387501" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.5625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.95)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,62)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.41,67.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijmms/2008/573425/fig1/" target="_blank">1</一个>显示的资料<年代vg height="14.3625" id="M57" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:19.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 19.9375 14.3625" width="19.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.51)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-60.5,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>对各种<年代vg height="10.9125" id="M58" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:43.037498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 43.037498 10.9125" width="43.037498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.028847" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.069235" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>当<年代vg height="12.5625" id="M59" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:16.387501px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16.387501 12.5625" width="16.387501" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.5625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.95)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,62)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.41,67.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijmms/2008/573425/fig2/" target="_blank">2</一个>显示的资料<年代vg height="10.325" id="M60" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:17.237499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.237499 10.325" width="17.237499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>对各种<年代vg height="14.7125" id="M61" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:47.137501px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 47.137501 14.7125" width="47.137501" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.23)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-60.5,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-52.63,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>当<年代vg height="12.5625" id="M62" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:16.387501px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16.387501 12.5625" width="16.387501" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.5625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.95)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,62)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.41,67.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijmms/2008/573425/fig3/" target="_blank">3</一个>描述了配置文件的<年代vg height="10.325" id="M63" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:17.237499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.237499 10.325" width="17.237499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>对各种<年代vg height="14.7125" id="M64" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:58.862499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 58.862499 14.7125" width="58.862499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.23)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-60.5,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-52.63,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.405136" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>当<年代vg height="17.975" id="M65" style="vertical-align:-4.28235pt;width:81.849998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 81.849998 17.975" width="81.849998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,17.975)"> <g transform="translate(72,-57.62)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,61.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.41,66.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9756801" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-55.96,61.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.578498" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.867746" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-26.02,67.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="9.2200003"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-21.15,61.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。我们观察到液体的弹性和哈特曼的数量增加,壁附近的速度增加。</p><div class="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="tab1"> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">表1</年代p一个n> <a aria-label="View full page" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijmms/2008/573425/tab1/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> 数值的<年代vg height="17.825001" id="M66" style="vertical-align:-4.15945pt;width:37.125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 37.125 17.825001" width="37.125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,17.825)"> <g transform="translate(72,-57.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-69.87,61.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-61.8,67.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="9.2200003"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-56.93,61.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,<年代vg height="17.825001" id="M67" style="vertical-align:-4.15945pt;width:34.525002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 34.525002 17.825001" width="34.525002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,17.825)"> <g transform="translate(72,-57.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,61.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.89,67.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="9.2200003"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-59.01,61.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<年代vg height="10.325" id="M68" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:17.237499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.237499 10.325" width="17.237499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>为不同的值<年代vg height="14.7125" id="M69" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:47.137501px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 47.137501 14.7125" width="47.137501" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.23)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-60.5,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-52.63,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<年代vg height="10.325" id="M70" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:17.237499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.237499 10.325" width="17.237499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。</div> <a class="table-thumb-overlay" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijmms/2008/573425/tab1" target="_blank" aria-label="View full page"></a> </div> </div> <div class="partial-carousel-wrapper"> <div class="floats-partial-section"> <div class="floats-partial-content"> <div class="partial-carousel--full-image partial-carousel-adf94ba08d73311b384f5aefaf514910"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/ijmms/volume-2008/573425/figures/573425.fig.001.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs"> <div class="partial-carousel-dots-adf94ba08d73311b384f5aefaf514910 partial-carousel-thumbnail"> <button aria-label="Slide to " class="partial-carousel-dot"><img loading="lazy" alt="" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/ijmms/volume-2008/573425/thumbnails/573425.fig.001_th.jpg"><br><strong></strong></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle--nav"> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev-adf94ba08d73311b384f5aefaf514910 partial-carousel-next-prev"> <button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-prev"></button> <button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-next"></button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图1</年代p一个n> <a aria-label="View full page" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijmms/2008/573425/fig1/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>的变化<年代vg height="22.15" id="M76" style="vertical-align:-3.56265pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 35.012501 22.15" width="35.012501" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,17.65)"> <path d="M599 650l-18 -160l-30 -2q-2 70 -11 94q-5 16 -26 24t-75 8h-94q-27 0 -33.5 -6.5t-12.5 -32.5l-43 -226h108q52 0 72.5 5t31 18t28.5 52h28l-40 -200h-28q-1 42 -6 56.5t-24.5 21t-70.5 6.5h-108l-32 -177q-13 -65 1 -80.5t88 -22.5l-8 -28h-279l6 28q61 5 77.5 20.5 t29.5 81.5l72 387l7.5 40.5t1 26.5t-4 18t-15.5 10t-24 6t-37 4l8 28h461z" id="x1D439"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,10.637,9.488)"> <path d="M227 744l-123 -338l-31 15l73 368q12 3 41.5 -8t36.5 -20z" id="x2032"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,14.787,17.65)"> <path d="M300 -147l-18 -23q-106 71 -159 185.5t-53 254.5v1q0 139 53 252.5t159 186.5l18 -24q-74 -62 -115.5 -173.5t-41.5 -242.5q0 -130 41.5 -242.5t115.5 -174.5z" id="x28"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,20.669,17.65)"> <path d="M471 401q0 -32 -14 -91l-83 -376q-30 -146 -21 -180l-7 -15q-22 0 -47.5 23.5t-25.5 40.5q0 49 53 271l53 224q4 18 6.5 31t3.5 22.5t1 15t-2 9t-4.5 4.5t-6.5 1q-31 0 -100.5 -63.5t-126.5 -145.5q-16 -53 -40 -163q-48 -11 -74 -21l-7 8l82 341q9 36 -4 36 q-8 0 -28.5 -14t-38.5 -32l-17 22q41 43 85 71t66 28q23 0 23 -39q0 -19 -10 -64l-24 -103h2q77 101 201 182q37 24 74 24q31 0 31 -47z" id="x1D702"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,29.066,17.65)"> <path d="M275 270q0 -296 -211 -440l-19 23q75 62 116.5 174t41.5 243t-42 243t-116 173l19 24q211 -144 211 -440z" id="x29"></path> </g> </svg>对各种<年代vg height="15.4" id="M77" style="vertical-align:-3.3907pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 22.950001 15.4" width="22.950001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.112)"> <path d="M1004 650l-6 -29q-54 -6 -71 -19.5t-51 -74.5l-271 -539h-33l-98 506h-3l-258 -506h-30l-78 532q-10 67 -21.5 80t-66.5 21l6 29h241l-8 -29l-26 -5q-34 -6 -41 -16t-3 -47l59 -425h4l251 510h31l102 -510h2q150 299 198 423q14 40 8.5 48.5t-47.5 16.5l-28 5l7 29h231z " id="x1D44A"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,17.338,15.187)"> <path d="M391 364q0 -28 -20.5 -53.5t-50 -43.5t-70 -34t-73.5 -25t-68 -17v-29q0 -48 20 -81t65 -33q73 0 157 76l16 -23q-107 -113 -221 -113q-21 0 -40.5 6.5t-39 22t-31.5 47t-12 75.5q0 69 33.5 139.5t95.5 114.5q77 55 143 55q42 0 69 -24.5t27 -59.5zM313 350 q0 26 -14.5 40.5t-37.5 14.5q-32 0 -44 -7q-82 -46 -104 -175q200 49 200 127z" id="x1D452"></path> </g> </svg>和<年代vg height="11.375" id="M78" style="vertical-align:-0.1638pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 48.9375 11.375" width="48.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.112)"> <path d="M998 650l-8 -28q-71 -4 -86 -16t-22 -69l-50 -397q-3 -28 -4.5 -44t2 -29t6.5 -18.5t17 -10.5t24.5 -6.5t37.5 -3.5l-8 -28h-271l7 28q63 6 78 22t25 90l60 415h-2l-353 -552h-23l-130 536h-2l-70 -254q-44 -158 -47 -188q-5 -38 9 -51t71 -18l-6 -28h-241l8 28 q45 4 67 18.5t35 45.5q16 38 74 233l52 173q24 79 11.5 98t-89.5 26l6 28h177l136 -508l337 508h172z" id="x1D440"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,22.127,11.112)"> <path d="M535 323h-483v50h483v-50zM535 138h-483v50h483v-50z" id="x3D"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,36.831,11.112)"> <path d="M241 635q53 0 94 -28.5t63.5 -76t33.5 -102.5t11 -116q0 -58 -11 -112.5t-34 -103.5t-63.5 -78.5t-94.5 -29.5t-95 28t-64.5 75t-34.5 102.5t-11 118.5q0 58 11.5 112.5t34.5 103t64.5 78t95.5 29.5zM238 602q-32 0 -55.5 -25t-35.5 -68t-17.5 -91t-5.5 -105 q0 -76 10 -138.5t37 -107.5t69 -45q32 0 55.5 25t35.5 68.5t17.5 91.5t5.5 105t-5.5 105.5t-18 92t-36 68t-56.5 24.5z" id="x30"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,44.99,11.112)"> <path d="M113 -12q-24 0 -39.5 16t-15.5 42q0 24 16 40.5t40 16.5t40 -16.5t16 -40.5q0 -26 -16 -42t-41 -16z" id="x2E"></path> </g> </svg></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="partial-carousel-wrapper"> <div class="floats-partial-section"> <div class="floats-partial-content"> <div class="partial-carousel--full-image partial-carousel-5e2a8d3ef30e667ed52c20d0b9b4e6a8"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/ijmms/volume-2008/573425/figures/573425.fig.002.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs"> <div class="partial-carousel-dots-5e2a8d3ef30e667ed52c20d0b9b4e6a8 partial-carousel-thumbnail"> <button aria-label="Slide to " class="partial-carousel-dot"><img loading="lazy" alt="" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/ijmms/volume-2008/573425/thumbnails/573425.fig.002_th.jpg"><br><strong></strong></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle--nav"> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev-5e2a8d3ef30e667ed52c20d0b9b4e6a8 partial-carousel-next-prev"> <button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-prev"></button> <button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-next"></button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图2</年代p一个n> <a aria-label="View full page" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijmms/2008/573425/fig2/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>的变化<年代vg height="22.15" id="M79" style="vertical-align:-3.56265pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 35.012501 22.15" width="35.012501" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,17.65)"> <path d="M599 650l-18 -160l-30 -2q-2 70 -11 94q-5 16 -26 24t-75 8h-94q-27 0 -33.5 -6.5t-12.5 -32.5l-43 -226h108q52 0 72.5 5t31 18t28.5 52h28l-40 -200h-28q-1 42 -6 56.5t-24.5 21t-70.5 6.5h-108l-32 -177q-13 -65 1 -80.5t88 -22.5l-8 -28h-279l6 28q61 5 77.5 20.5 t29.5 81.5l72 387l7.5 40.5t1 26.5t-4 18t-15.5 10t-24 6t-37 4l8 28h461z" id="x1D439"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,10.637,9.488)"> <path d="M227 744l-123 -338l-31 15l73 368q12 3 41.5 -8t36.5 -20z" id="x2032"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,14.787,17.65)"> <path d="M300 -147l-18 -23q-106 71 -159 185.5t-53 254.5v1q0 139 53 252.5t159 186.5l18 -24q-74 -62 -115.5 -173.5t-41.5 -242.5q0 -130 41.5 -242.5t115.5 -174.5z" id="x28"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,20.669,17.65)"> <path d="M471 401q0 -32 -14 -91l-83 -376q-30 -146 -21 -180l-7 -15q-22 0 -47.5 23.5t-25.5 40.5q0 49 53 271l53 224q4 18 6.5 31t3.5 22.5t1 15t-2 9t-4.5 4.5t-6.5 1q-31 0 -100.5 -63.5t-126.5 -145.5q-16 -53 -40 -163q-48 -11 -74 -21l-7 8l82 341q9 36 -4 36 q-8 0 -28.5 -14t-38.5 -32l-17 22q41 43 85 71t66 28q23 0 23 -39q0 -19 -10 -64l-24 -103h2q77 101 201 182q37 24 74 24q31 0 31 -47z" id="x1D702"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,29.066,17.65)"> <path d="M275 270q0 -296 -211 -440l-19 23q75 62 116.5 174t41.5 243t-42 243t-116 173l19 24q211 -144 211 -440z" id="x29"></path> </g> </svg>对各种<年代vg height="11.175" id="M80" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.475 11.175" width="17.475" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.113)"> <path d="M998 650l-8 -28q-71 -4 -86 -16t-22 -69l-50 -397q-3 -28 -4.5 -44t2 -29t6.5 -18.5t17 -10.5t24.5 -6.5t37.5 -3.5l-8 -28h-271l7 28q63 6 78 22t25 90l60 415h-2l-353 -552h-23l-130 536h-2l-70 -254q-44 -158 -47 -188q-5 -38 9 -51t71 -18l-6 -28h-241l8 28 q45 4 67 18.5t35 45.5q16 38 74 233l52 173q24 79 11.5 98t-89.5 26l6 28h177l136 -508l337 508h172z" id="x1D440"></path> </g> </svg>和<年代vg height="15.4" id="M81" style="vertical-align:-3.3907pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 54.400002 15.4" width="54.400002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.112)"> <path d="M1004 650l-6 -29q-54 -6 -71 -19.5t-51 -74.5l-271 -539h-33l-98 506h-3l-258 -506h-30l-78 532q-10 67 -21.5 80t-66.5 21l6 29h241l-8 -29l-26 -5q-34 -6 -41 -16t-3 -47l59 -425h4l251 510h31l102 -510h2q150 299 198 423q14 40 8.5 48.5t-47.5 16.5l-28 5l7 29h231z " id="x1D44A"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,17.338,15.187)"> <path d="M391 364q0 -28 -20.5 -53.5t-50 -43.5t-70 -34t-73.5 -25t-68 -17v-29q0 -48 20 -81t65 -33q73 0 157 76l16 -23q-107 -113 -221 -113q-21 0 -40.5 6.5t-39 22t-31.5 47t-12 75.5q0 69 33.5 139.5t95.5 114.5q77 55 143 55q42 0 69 -24.5t27 -59.5zM313 350 q0 26 -14.5 40.5t-37.5 14.5q-32 0 -44 -7q-82 -46 -104 -175q200 49 200 127z" id="x1D452"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,27.6,11.112)"> <path d="M535 323h-483v50h483v-50zM535 138h-483v50h483v-50z" id="x3D"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,42.287,11.112)"> <path d="M241 635q53 0 94 -28.5t63.5 -76t33.5 -102.5t11 -116q0 -58 -11 -112.5t-34 -103.5t-63.5 -78.5t-94.5 -29.5t-95 28t-64.5 75t-34.5 102.5t-11 118.5q0 58 11.5 112.5t34.5 103t64.5 78t95.5 29.5zM238 602q-32 0 -55.5 -25t-35.5 -68t-17.5 -91t-5.5 -105 q0 -76 10 -138.5t37 -107.5t69 -45q32 0 55.5 25t35.5 68.5t17.5 91.5t5.5 105t-5.5 105.5t-18 92t-36 68t-56.5 24.5z" id="x30"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,50.463,11.112)"> <path d="M113 -12q-24 0 -39.5 16t-15.5 42q0 24 16 40.5t40 16.5t40 -16.5t16 -40.5q0 -26 -16 -42t-41 -16z" id="x2E"></path> </g> </svg></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="partial-carousel-wrapper"> <div class="floats-partial-section"> <div class="floats-partial-content"> <div class="partial-carousel--full-image partial-carousel-9ed1b357b37ddf3defa02ab0932e6eb4"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/ijmms/volume-2008/573425/figures/573425.fig.003.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs"> <div class="partial-carousel-dots-9ed1b357b37ddf3defa02ab0932e6eb4 partial-carousel-thumbnail"> <button aria-label="Slide to " class="partial-carousel-dot"><img loading="lazy" alt="" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/ijmms/volume-2008/573425/thumbnails/573425.fig.003_th.jpg"><br><strong></strong></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle--nav"> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev-9ed1b357b37ddf3defa02ab0932e6eb4 partial-carousel-next-prev"> <button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-prev"></button> <button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-next"></button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图3</年代p一个n> <a aria-label="View full page" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijmms/2008/573425/fig3/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>的变化<年代vg height="22.15" id="M82" style="vertical-align:-3.56265pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 35.012501 22.15" width="35.012501" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,17.65)"> <path d="M599 650l-18 -160l-30 -2q-2 70 -11 94q-5 16 -26 24t-75 8h-94q-27 0 -33.5 -6.5t-12.5 -32.5l-43 -226h108q52 0 72.5 5t31 18t28.5 52h28l-40 -200h-28q-1 42 -6 56.5t-24.5 21t-70.5 6.5h-108l-32 -177q-13 -65 1 -80.5t88 -22.5l-8 -28h-279l6 28q61 5 77.5 20.5 t29.5 81.5l72 387l7.5 40.5t1 26.5t-4 18t-15.5 10t-24 6t-37 4l8 28h461z" id="x1D439"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,10.637,9.488)"> <path d="M227 744l-123 -338l-31 15l73 368q12 3 41.5 -8t36.5 -20z" id="x2032"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,14.787,17.65)"> <path d="M300 -147l-18 -23q-106 71 -159 185.5t-53 254.5v1q0 139 53 252.5t159 186.5l18 -24q-74 -62 -115.5 -173.5t-41.5 -242.5q0 -130 41.5 -242.5t115.5 -174.5z" id="x28"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,20.669,17.65)"> <path d="M471 401q0 -32 -14 -91l-83 -376q-30 -146 -21 -180l-7 -15q-22 0 -47.5 23.5t-25.5 40.5q0 49 53 271l53 224q4 18 6.5 31t3.5 22.5t1 15t-2 9t-4.5 4.5t-6.5 1q-31 0 -100.5 -63.5t-126.5 -145.5q-16 -53 -40 -163q-48 -11 -74 -21l-7 8l82 341q9 36 -4 36 q-8 0 -28.5 -14t-38.5 -32l-17 22q41 43 85 71t66 28q23 0 23 -39q0 -19 -10 -64l-24 -103h2q77 101 201 182q37 24 74 24q31 0 31 -47z" id="x1D702"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,29.066,17.65)"> <path d="M275 270q0 -296 -211 -440l-19 23q75 62 116.5 174t41.5 243t-42 243t-116 173l19 24q211 -144 211 -440z" id="x29"></path> </g> </svg>对各种<年代vg height="11.175" id="M83" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.475 11.175" width="17.475" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.113)"> <path d="M998 650l-8 -28q-71 -4 -86 -16t-22 -69l-50 -397q-3 -28 -4.5 -44t2 -29t6.5 -18.5t17 -10.5t24.5 -6.5t37.5 -3.5l-8 -28h-271l7 28q63 6 78 22t25 90l60 415h-2l-353 -552h-23l-130 536h-2l-70 -254q-44 -158 -47 -188q-5 -38 9 -51t71 -18l-6 -28h-241l8 28 q45 4 67 18.5t35 45.5q16 38 74 233l52 173q24 79 11.5 98t-89.5 26l6 28h177l136 -508l337 508h172z" id="x1D440"></path> </g> </svg>和<年代vg height="15.4" id="M84" style="vertical-align:-3.3907pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 66.4375 15.4" width="66.4375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.112)"> <path d="M1004 650l-6 -29q-54 -6 -71 -19.5t-51 -74.5l-271 -539h-33l-98 506h-3l-258 -506h-30l-78 532q-10 67 -21.5 80t-66.5 21l6 29h241l-8 -29l-26 -5q-34 -6 -41 -16t-3 -47l59 -425h4l251 510h31l102 -510h2q150 299 198 423q14 40 8.5 48.5t-47.5 16.5l-28 5l7 29h231z " id="x1D44A"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,17.338,15.187)"> <path d="M391 364q0 -28 -20.5 -53.5t-50 -43.5t-70 -34t-73.5 -25t-68 -17v-29q0 -48 20 -81t65 -33q73 0 157 76l16 -23q-107 -113 -221 -113q-21 0 -40.5 6.5t-39 22t-31.5 47t-12 75.5q0 69 33.5 139.5t95.5 114.5q77 55 143 55q42 0 69 -24.5t27 -59.5zM313 350 q0 26 -14.5 40.5t-37.5 14.5q-32 0 -44 -7q-82 -46 -104 -175q200 49 200 127z" id="x1D452"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,27.6,11.112)"> <path d="M535 323h-483v50h483v-50zM535 138h-483v50h483v-50z" id="x3D"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,42.287,11.112)"> <path d="M241 635q53 0 94 -28.5t63.5 -76t33.5 -102.5t11 -116q0 -58 -11 -112.5t-34 -103.5t-63.5 -78.5t-94.5 -29.5t-95 28t-64.5 75t-34.5 102.5t-11 118.5q0 58 11.5 112.5t34.5 103t64.5 78t95.5 29.5zM238 602q-32 0 -55.5 -25t-35.5 -68t-17.5 -91t-5.5 -105 q0 -76 10 -138.5t37 -107.5t69 -45q32 0 55.5 25t35.5 68.5t17.5 91.5t5.5 105t-5.5 105.5t-18 92t-36 68t-56.5 24.5z" id="x30"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,50.463,11.112)"> <path d="M113 -12q-24 0 -39.5 16t-15.5 42q0 24 16 40.5t40 16.5t40 -16.5t16 -40.5q0 -26 -16 -42t-41 -16z" id="x2E"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,54.339,11.112)"> <path d="M412 140l28 -9q0 -2 -35 -131h-373v23q112 112 161 170q59 70 92 127t33 115q0 63 -31 98t-86 35q-75 0 -137 -93l-22 20l57 81q55 59 135 59q69 0 118.5 -46.5t49.5 -122.5q0 -62 -29.5 -114t-102.5 -130l-141 -149h186q42 0 58.5 10.5t38.5 56.5z" id="x32"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,62.498,11.112)"> <path d="M113 -12q-24 0 -39.5 16t-15.5 42q0 24 16 40.5t40 16.5t40 -16.5t16 -40.5q0 -26 -16 -42t-41 -16z" id="x2E"></path> </g> </svg></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> <p>让<年代vg height="54.075001" id="M85" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 54.075001" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,54.075)"> <g transform="translate(72,-28.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-7.88,57)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,0.18,62.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9756801" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,9.41,57)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.067076" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.13151" y="0"> ′</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.520542" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="44.860764" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="52.58762" y="0"> ′</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="56.200985" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="67.041084" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="78.393806" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,99.26,53.87)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,103.65,52.08)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.3699999" y="-4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.897285" y="-4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,128.62,62.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9756801" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.9513602" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,140.83,57)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.327718" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.054571" y="0"> ′</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.667938" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,171.57,62.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9756801" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,180.8,57)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,201.68,62)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9756801" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,208.13,57)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.064435" y="0"> ′</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.453468" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.79369" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,243.47,62)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9756801" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.9513602" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,252.9,57)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0600004" y="4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.440001" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.98" y="-7.25"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.868435" y="-7.25"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 283.88,60.12 12.41,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,287.18,48.24)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.3" y="-3.8399999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.67" y="-8.7600002"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.497599" y="-8.7600002"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.850323" y="-8.7600002"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,338.48,53.87)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,342.88,57)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,350.94,62.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9756801" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,357.39,52.08)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.38" y="-4.9200001"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.720221" y="-4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.285736" y="-4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.826004" y="-4.9200001"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="57.853889" y="-4.9200001"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="64.105392" y="-4.9200001"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-210.21001" y="19.540001"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-202.14557" y="19.540001"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-197.98207" y="19.540001"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-191.73056" y="19.540001"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-184.10373" y="19.540001"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-172.06335" y="19.540001"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-165.81184" y="19.540001"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-140.68082" y="19.540001"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-132.61638" y="19.540001"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-128.45288" y="19.540001"> ∞</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-116.87511" y="19.540001"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-109.23577" y="19.540001"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-97.195381" y="19.540001"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-90.943886" y="19.540001"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="101.1" y="4.8400002"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="105.2635" y="4.8400002"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="111.515" y="4.8400002"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="114.64075" y="4.8400002"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="120.89225" y="4.8400002"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="127.14375" y="4.8400002"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,然后系统(<一个href="#eq15">3所示。9</一个>)成为<年代p一个n class="equation" id="eq17"> <svg height="10.9125" id="M86" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:22.375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 22.375 10.9125" width="22.375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.5145426" y="0"> /</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.990377" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span>唯一的参数系统(<一个href="#eq17">3.10</一个>)的频率比<年代vg height="10.9125" id="M87" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:22.375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 22.375 10.9125" width="22.375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.5145426" y="0"> /</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.990377" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。系列解决方案将开发、小型和大型的值有效<年代vg height="10.9125" id="M88" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:22.375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 22.375 10.9125" width="22.375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.5145426" y="0"> /</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.990377" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,分别。</p><h5 id="subsec3.1">3.1。小的值<年代vg height="10.9125" id="M89" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:37.974998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 37.974998 10.9125" width="37.974998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.977874" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.018263" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg></h5> <p>考虑一下这种情况:<年代vg height="7.1750002" id="M90" style="vertical-align:-0.1254pt;width:7.9749999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 7.9749999 7.1750002" width="7.9749999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.175)"> <g transform="translate(72,-66.26)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,这意味着板速度恒定值<年代vg height="14.625" id="M91" style="vertical-align:-3.25793pt;width:45.762501px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 45.762501 14.625" width="45.762501" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.3)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.527766" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.568155" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-40.31,60.47)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。让<年代vg height="53.712502" id="M92" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 53.712502" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,53.7125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-29.03)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,30.29,57.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,38.36,62.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="9.2200003"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9756801" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,47.58,57.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.880011" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,76.53,62.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="9.2200003"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,84.18,57.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.067076" y="0"> ′</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.680443" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,114.93,54.16)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,122.58,57.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,145.38,54.16)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,149.77,52.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.3699999" y="-4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.897285" y="-4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,174.74,62.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="9.2200003"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9756801" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.9513602" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,186.95,57.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.327718" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.054571" y="0"> ′</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.667938" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,217.69,62.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="9.2200003"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9756801" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,226.92,57.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,247.8,62.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9756801" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,254.25,57.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,262.32,62.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="9.2200003"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,269.97,57.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,290.85,62.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9756801" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.9513602" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,300.28,57.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,308.34,54.16)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,313.22,52.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.38" y="-4.9200001"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.720221" y="-4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.411007" y="-4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,356.7,54.16)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,365.04,57.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-222.74001" y="24.459999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.040389" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.291889" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,150.37,29.71)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,155.24,32.83)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.041828" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.082218" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.333717" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="61.464748" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,224.78,29.71)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,229.66,32.83)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> ∞</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.741277" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.368107" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.408497" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="41.659996" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="228.83" y="-14.56"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="232.9935" y="-14.56"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="239.245" y="-14.56"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="242.37074" y="-14.56"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="248.62225" y="-14.56"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="254.87375" y="-14.56"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,然后系统(<一个href="#eq17">3.10</一个>)给<年代p一个n class="equation" id="eq18"> <svg height="14.7125" id="M93" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:47.137501px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 47.137501 14.7125" width="47.137501" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.23)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-60.5,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-52.63,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></p> <p>该系统解决了数值使用拍摄方法和发现<年代vg height="10.9125" id="M94" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:43.037498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 43.037498 10.9125" width="43.037498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.028847" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.069235" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<年代vg height="17.975" id="M95" style="vertical-align:-4.28235pt;width:123.225px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 123.225 17.975" width="123.225" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,17.975)"> <g transform="translate(72,-57.62)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,61.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.89,67.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="9.2200003"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-59.01,61.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.041828" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.082218" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.646774" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="44.898273" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="48.024021" y="0"> 8</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="54.275524" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="60.527023" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="66.778526" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="73.030022" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="79.281525" y="0"> 8</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,<年代vg height="17.975" id="M96" style="vertical-align:-4.28235pt;width:34.525002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 34.525002 17.975" width="34.525002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,17.975)"> <g transform="translate(72,-57.62)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,61.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.89,67.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="9.2200003"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-59.01,61.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>这是在良好的协议与Glauert获得的价值(<一个href="#B17">17</一个>]。数值的<年代vg height="14.3625" id="M97" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:19.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 19.9375 14.3625" width="19.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.51)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-60.5,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>为不同的值<年代vg height="10.325" id="M98" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:17.237499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.237499 10.325" width="17.237499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<年代vg height="10.9125" id="M99" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:43.037498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 43.037498 10.9125" width="43.037498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.028847" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.069235" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>如表所示<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijmms/2008/573425/tab1/" target="_blank">1</一个>。这些值是在良好的协议与价值观得到Labropulu et al。<一个href="#B20">20.</一个>]<年代vg height="14.625" id="M100" style="vertical-align:-3.25793pt;width:16.299999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16.299999 14.625" width="16.299999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.3)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.89,60.47)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijmms/2008/573425/fig4/" target="_blank">4</一个>描述了配置文件的<年代vg height="14.3625" id="M101" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:19.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 19.9375 14.3625" width="19.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.51)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-60.5,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>不同的价值观<年代vg height="10.9125" id="M102" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:43.037498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 43.037498 10.9125" width="43.037498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.028847" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.069235" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<年代vg height="14.625" id="M103" style="vertical-align:-3.25793pt;width:16.299999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16.299999 14.625" width="16.299999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.3)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.89,60.47)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijmms/2008/573425/fig5/" target="_blank">5</一个>显示的资料<年代vg height="10.325" id="M104" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:17.237499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.237499 10.325" width="17.237499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>对各种<年代vg height="14.7125" id="M105" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:58.862499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 58.862499 14.7125" width="58.862499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.23)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-60.5,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-52.63,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.405136" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>当<年代vg height="14.75" id="M106" style="vertical-align:-3.25793pt;width:34.525002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 34.525002 14.75" width="34.525002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.75)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.2)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.89,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-59.01,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.402496" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。</p><div class="partial-carousel-wrapper"> <div class="floats-partial-section"> <div class="floats-partial-content"> <div class="partial-carousel--full-image partial-carousel-ebe8b304e99e0e3237c8daa655f53398"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/ijmms/volume-2008/573425/figures/573425.fig.004.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs"> <div class="partial-carousel-dots-ebe8b304e99e0e3237c8daa655f53398 partial-carousel-thumbnail"> <button aria-label="Slide to " class="partial-carousel-dot"><img loading="lazy" alt="" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/ijmms/volume-2008/573425/thumbnails/573425.fig.004_th.jpg"><br><strong></strong></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle--nav"> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev-ebe8b304e99e0e3237c8daa655f53398 partial-carousel-next-prev"> <button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-prev"></button> <button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-next"></button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图4</年代p一个n> <a aria-label="View full page" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijmms/2008/573425/fig4/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>的变化<年代vg height="17.362499" id="M107" style="vertical-align:-4.15506pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 36.224998 17.362499" width="36.224998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,12.138)"> <path d="M542 242q0 -106 -80 -176.5t-192 -72.5l-55 -251l-6 -3q-18 7 -28 38t1 91l23 124q-85 16 -133.5 72.5t-48.5 137.5q0 95 62.5 159.5t166.5 97.5l14 -31q-77 -32 -115 -82.5t-38 -128.5q0 -63 31.5 -107t74.5 -59l125 597l56 43l16 -10l-40 -168q-9 -40 3 -45 q77 -33 120 -85.5t43 -140.5zM469 232q0 67 -37 115t-77 62l-76 -370q89 -4 139.5 52.5t50.5 140.5z" id="x1D719"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,9.663,17.162)"> <path d="M241 635q53 0 94 -28.5t63.5 -76t33.5 -102.5t11 -116q0 -58 -11 -112.5t-34 -103.5t-63.5 -78.5t-94.5 -29.5t-95 28t-64.5 75t-34.5 102.5t-11 118.5q0 58 11.5 112.5t34.5 103t64.5 78t95.5 29.5zM238 602q-32 0 -55.5 -25t-35.5 -68t-17.5 -91t-5.5 -105 q0 -76 10 -138.5t37 -107.5t69 -45q32 0 55.5 25t35.5 68.5t17.5 91.5t5.5 105t-5.5 105.5t-18 92t-36 68t-56.5 24.5z" id="x30"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,16,12.138)"> <path d="M300 -147l-18 -23q-106 71 -159 185.5t-53 254.5v1q0 139 53 252.5t159 186.5l18 -24q-74 -62 -115.5 -173.5t-41.5 -242.5q0 -130 41.5 -242.5t115.5 -174.5z" id="x28"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,21.882,12.138)"> <path d="M471 401q0 -32 -14 -91l-83 -376q-30 -146 -21 -180l-7 -15q-22 0 -47.5 23.5t-25.5 40.5q0 49 53 271l53 224q4 18 6.5 31t3.5 22.5t1 15t-2 9t-4.5 4.5t-6.5 1q-31 0 -100.5 -63.5t-126.5 -145.5q-16 -53 -40 -163q-48 -11 -74 -21l-7 8l82 341q9 36 -4 36 q-8 0 -28.5 -14t-38.5 -32l-17 22q41 43 85 71t66 28q23 0 23 -39q0 -19 -10 -64l-24 -103h2q77 101 201 182q37 24 74 24q31 0 31 -47z" id="x1D702"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,30.279,12.138)"> <path d="M275 270q0 -296 -211 -440l-19 23q75 62 116.5 174t41.5 243t-42 243t-116 173l19 24q211 -144 211 -440z" id="x29"></path> </g> </svg>对各种<年代vg height="15.4" id="M108" style="vertical-align:-3.3907pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 22.950001 15.4" width="22.950001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.112)"> <path d="M1004 650l-6 -29q-54 -6 -71 -19.5t-51 -74.5l-271 -539h-33l-98 506h-3l-258 -506h-30l-78 532q-10 67 -21.5 80t-66.5 21l6 29h241l-8 -29l-26 -5q-34 -6 -41 -16t-3 -47l59 -425h4l251 510h31l102 -510h2q150 299 198 423q14 40 8.5 48.5t-47.5 16.5l-28 5l7 29h231z " id="x1D44A"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,17.338,15.187)"> <path d="M391 364q0 -28 -20.5 -53.5t-50 -43.5t-70 -34t-73.5 -25t-68 -17v-29q0 -48 20 -81t65 -33q73 0 157 76l16 -23q-107 -113 -221 -113q-21 0 -40.5 6.5t-39 22t-31.5 47t-12 75.5q0 69 33.5 139.5t95.5 114.5q77 55 143 55q42 0 69 -24.5t27 -59.5zM313 350 q0 26 -14.5 40.5t-37.5 14.5q-32 0 -44 -7q-82 -46 -104 -175q200 49 200 127z" id="x1D452"></path> </g> </svg>和<年代vg height="11.375" id="M109" style="vertical-align:-0.1638pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 48.9375 11.375" width="48.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.112)"> <path d="M998 650l-8 -28q-71 -4 -86 -16t-22 -69l-50 -397q-3 -28 -4.5 -44t2 -29t6.5 -18.5t17 -10.5t24.5 -6.5t37.5 -3.5l-8 -28h-271l7 28q63 6 78 22t25 90l60 415h-2l-353 -552h-23l-130 536h-2l-70 -254q-44 -158 -47 -188q-5 -38 9 -51t71 -18l-6 -28h-241l8 28 q45 4 67 18.5t35 45.5q16 38 74 233l52 173q24 79 11.5 98t-89.5 26l6 28h177l136 -508l337 508h172z" id="x1D440"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,22.127,11.112)"> <path d="M535 323h-483v50h483v-50zM535 138h-483v50h483v-50z" id="x3D"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,36.831,11.112)"> <path d="M241 635q53 0 94 -28.5t63.5 -76t33.5 -102.5t11 -116q0 -58 -11 -112.5t-34 -103.5t-63.5 -78.5t-94.5 -29.5t-95 28t-64.5 75t-34.5 102.5t-11 118.5q0 58 11.5 112.5t34.5 103t64.5 78t95.5 29.5zM238 602q-32 0 -55.5 -25t-35.5 -68t-17.5 -91t-5.5 -105 q0 -76 10 -138.5t37 -107.5t69 -45q32 0 55.5 25t35.5 68.5t17.5 91.5t5.5 105t-5.5 105.5t-18 92t-36 68t-56.5 24.5z" id="x30"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,44.99,11.112)"> <path d="M113 -12q-24 0 -39.5 16t-15.5 42q0 24 16 40.5t40 16.5t40 -16.5t16 -40.5q0 -26 -16 -42t-41 -16z" id="x2E"></path> </g> </svg></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="partial-carousel-wrapper"> <div class="floats-partial-section"> <div class="floats-partial-content"> <div class="partial-carousel--full-image partial-carousel-546c936fdd630b5ae9e5c1b0c6391938"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/ijmms/volume-2008/573425/figures/573425.fig.005.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs"> <div class="partial-carousel-dots-546c936fdd630b5ae9e5c1b0c6391938 partial-carousel-thumbnail"> <button aria-label="Slide to " class="partial-carousel-dot"><img loading="lazy" alt="" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/ijmms/volume-2008/573425/thumbnails/573425.fig.005_th.jpg"><br><strong></strong></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle--nav"> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev-546c936fdd630b5ae9e5c1b0c6391938 partial-carousel-next-prev"> <button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-prev"></button> <button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-next"></button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图5</年代p一个n> <a aria-label="View full page" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijmms/2008/573425/fig5/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>的变化<年代vg height="17.362499" id="M110" style="vertical-align:-4.15506pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 36.224998 17.362499" width="36.224998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,12.138)"> <path d="M542 242q0 -106 -80 -176.5t-192 -72.5l-55 -251l-6 -3q-18 7 -28 38t1 91l23 124q-85 16 -133.5 72.5t-48.5 137.5q0 95 62.5 159.5t166.5 97.5l14 -31q-77 -32 -115 -82.5t-38 -128.5q0 -63 31.5 -107t74.5 -59l125 597l56 43l16 -10l-40 -168q-9 -40 3 -45 q77 -33 120 -85.5t43 -140.5zM469 232q0 67 -37 115t-77 62l-76 -370q89 -4 139.5 52.5t50.5 140.5z" id="x1D719"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,9.663,17.162)"> <path d="M241 635q53 0 94 -28.5t63.5 -76t33.5 -102.5t11 -116q0 -58 -11 -112.5t-34 -103.5t-63.5 -78.5t-94.5 -29.5t-95 28t-64.5 75t-34.5 102.5t-11 118.5q0 58 11.5 112.5t34.5 103t64.5 78t95.5 29.5zM238 602q-32 0 -55.5 -25t-35.5 -68t-17.5 -91t-5.5 -105 q0 -76 10 -138.5t37 -107.5t69 -45q32 0 55.5 25t35.5 68.5t17.5 91.5t5.5 105t-5.5 105.5t-18 92t-36 68t-56.5 24.5z" id="x30"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,16,12.138)"> <path d="M300 -147l-18 -23q-106 71 -159 185.5t-53 254.5v1q0 139 53 252.5t159 186.5l18 -24q-74 -62 -115.5 -173.5t-41.5 -242.5q0 -130 41.5 -242.5t115.5 -174.5z" id="x28"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,21.882,12.138)"> <path d="M471 401q0 -32 -14 -91l-83 -376q-30 -146 -21 -180l-7 -15q-22 0 -47.5 23.5t-25.5 40.5q0 49 53 271l53 224q4 18 6.5 31t3.5 22.5t1 15t-2 9t-4.5 4.5t-6.5 1q-31 0 -100.5 -63.5t-126.5 -145.5q-16 -53 -40 -163q-48 -11 -74 -21l-7 8l82 341q9 36 -4 36 q-8 0 -28.5 -14t-38.5 -32l-17 22q41 43 85 71t66 28q23 0 23 -39q0 -19 -10 -64l-24 -103h2q77 101 201 182q37 24 74 24q31 0 31 -47z" id="x1D702"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,30.279,12.138)"> <path d="M275 270q0 -296 -211 -440l-19 23q75 62 116.5 174t41.5 243t-42 243t-116 173l19 24q211 -144 211 -440z" id="x29"></path> </g> </svg>对各种<年代vg height="11.175" id="M111" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.475 11.175" width="17.475" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.113)"> <path d="M998 650l-8 -28q-71 -4 -86 -16t-22 -69l-50 -397q-3 -28 -4.5 -44t2 -29t6.5 -18.5t17 -10.5t24.5 -6.5t37.5 -3.5l-8 -28h-271l7 28q63 6 78 22t25 90l60 415h-2l-353 -552h-23l-130 536h-2l-70 -254q-44 -158 -47 -188q-5 -38 9 -51t71 -18l-6 -28h-241l8 28 q45 4 67 18.5t35 45.5q16 38 74 233l52 173q24 79 11.5 98t-89.5 26l6 28h177l136 -508l337 508h172z" id="x1D440"></path> </g> </svg>和<年代vg height="15.4" id="M112" style="vertical-align:-3.3907pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 66.4375 15.4" width="66.4375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.112)"> <path d="M1004 650l-6 -29q-54 -6 -71 -19.5t-51 -74.5l-271 -539h-33l-98 506h-3l-258 -506h-30l-78 532q-10 67 -21.5 80t-66.5 21l6 29h241l-8 -29l-26 -5q-34 -6 -41 -16t-3 -47l59 -425h4l251 510h31l102 -510h2q150 299 198 423q14 40 8.5 48.5t-47.5 16.5l-28 5l7 29h231z " id="x1D44A"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,17.338,15.187)"> <path d="M391 364q0 -28 -20.5 -53.5t-50 -43.5t-70 -34t-73.5 -25t-68 -17v-29q0 -48 20 -81t65 -33q73 0 157 76l16 -23q-107 -113 -221 -113q-21 0 -40.5 6.5t-39 22t-31.5 47t-12 75.5q0 69 33.5 139.5t95.5 114.5q77 55 143 55q42 0 69 -24.5t27 -59.5zM313 350 q0 26 -14.5 40.5t-37.5 14.5q-32 0 -44 -7q-82 -46 -104 -175q200 49 200 127z" id="x1D452"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,27.6,11.112)"> <path d="M535 323h-483v50h483v-50zM535 138h-483v50h483v-50z" id="x3D"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,42.287,11.112)"> <path d="M241 635q53 0 94 -28.5t63.5 -76t33.5 -102.5t11 -116q0 -58 -11 -112.5t-34 -103.5t-63.5 -78.5t-94.5 -29.5t-95 28t-64.5 75t-34.5 102.5t-11 118.5q0 58 11.5 112.5t34.5 103t64.5 78t95.5 29.5zM238 602q-32 0 -55.5 -25t-35.5 -68t-17.5 -91t-5.5 -105 q0 -76 10 -138.5t37 -107.5t69 -45q32 0 55.5 25t35.5 68.5t17.5 91.5t5.5 105t-5.5 105.5t-18 92t-36 68t-56.5 24.5z" id="x30"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,50.463,11.112)"> <path d="M113 -12q-24 0 -39.5 16t-15.5 42q0 24 16 40.5t40 16.5t40 -16.5t16 -40.5q0 -26 -16 -42t-41 -16z" id="x2E"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,54.339,11.112)"> <path d="M384 0h-275v27q67 5 81.5 18.5t14.5 68.5v385q0 38 -7.5 47.5t-40.5 10.5l-48 2v24q85 15 178 52v-521q0 -55 14.5 -68.5t82.5 -18.5v-27z" id="x31"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,62.498,11.112)"> <path d="M113 -12q-24 0 -39.5 16t-15.5 42q0 24 16 40.5t40 16.5t40 -16.5t16 -40.5q0 -26 -16 -42t-41 -16z" id="x2E"></path> </g> </svg></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> <p>小,但非零值<年代vg height="48.262501" id="M113" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 48.262501" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,48.2625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-33.39)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,46.85,49.77)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.064435" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.227934" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.479433" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.106264" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,89.03,65.71)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ∞</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,85,43.22)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,85.72,36.04)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3497438" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.344864" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,101.16,44.85)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.5600004" y="-12.17"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.448433" y="-12.17"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 109.72,52.9 12.4,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,113.01,41.02)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.31" y="-3.8299999"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,130.92,62.41)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,135.77,49.77)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,143.83,46.64)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,148.68,49.77)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.402496" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.041828" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.082218" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,186.83,46.64)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,191.71,49.77)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.402496" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.341661" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.889999" y="-7.25"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.778435" y="-7.25"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 221.6,52.9 12.41,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,224.9,41.02)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.3" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,243.27,46.64)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,248.14,49.77)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.700001" y="4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.354164" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.259998" y="-7.25"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="41.148434" y="-7.25"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 285.4,52.9 12.4,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,288.69,41.02)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.31" y="-3.8299999"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,306.6,62.41)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,311.47,49.77)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,319.54,46.64)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,324.41,49.77)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.354164" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.694386" y="0"> ⋯</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.360165" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="134.08" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="138.2435" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="144.495" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="147.62074" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="153.87225" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="160.12375" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,我们让<年代p一个n class="equation" id="eq19"> <svg height="12.3" id="M114" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-1.29163pt;width:35.099998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 35.099998 12.3" width="35.099998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.3)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.16)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.6773224" y="0"> ≥</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.71771" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></p> <p>用(<一个href="#eq19">3.12</一个>)(<一个href="#eq17">3.10</一个>),我们得到的<年代vg height="53.712502" id="M115" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 53.712502" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,53.7125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-29.03)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-4.78,57.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,3.28,62.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="8.1999998"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9756801" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,12.51,57.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.880011" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,41.46,62.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="8.1999998"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,49.08,57.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.067076" y="0"> ′</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.680443" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,79.83,54.16)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,87.46,57.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.327718" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,110.25,54.16)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,114.65,52.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.3600001" y="-4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.887285" y="-4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,139.61,62.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="8.1999998"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9756801" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.9513602" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,151.82,57.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.067076" y="0"> ′</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.680443" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,182.57,62.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="8.1999998"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9756801" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,191.79,57.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,212.68,62.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9756801" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,219.13,57.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,227.19,62.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="8.1999998"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,234.82,57.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.327718" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,255.7,62.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9756801" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.9513602" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,265.13,57.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,273.19,54.16)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,278.04,52.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.38" y="-4.9200001"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.720221" y="-4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.411007" y="-4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,321.52,54.16)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,329.84,57.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,349.94,54.16)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3497438" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.344864" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,367.94,57.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,390.73,54.16)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,395.13,57.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,403.19,62.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9756801" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="9.2200003"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3497438" y="9.2200003"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.344864" y="9.2200003"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,418.41,57.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-276.07999" y="24.459999"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,150.39,29.71)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,155.24,32.83)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.041828" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.082218" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.333717" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="61.464748" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,224.78,29.71)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,229.63,32.83)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> ∞</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.741277" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.368107" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.408497" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="41.659996" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="228.86" y="-14.56"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="233.0235" y="-14.56"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="239.27499" y="-14.56"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="242.40074" y="-14.56"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="248.65225" y="-14.56"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="254.90375" y="-14.56"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg><span class="equation" id="eq20"> <svg height="10.8125" id="M116" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0.10033pt;width:35.099998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 35.099998 10.8125" width="35.099998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.8125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.35)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.6773224" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.71771" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></p> <p>这个系统可以通过使用数值求解扰动技术或有限差分格式。数值积分的系统(<一个href="#eq20">3.13</一个>)<年代vg height="14.7125" id="M117" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:47.137501px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 47.137501 14.7125" width="47.137501" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.23)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-60.5,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-52.63,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>使用有限差分技术提供<年代vg height="10.9125" id="M118" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:43.037498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 43.037498 10.9125" width="43.037498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.028847" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.069235" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<年代vg height="17.825001" id="M119" style="vertical-align:-4.15945pt;width:115.4125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 115.4125 17.825001" width="115.4125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,17.825)"> <g transform="translate(72,-57.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,61.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.89,67.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="9.2200003"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-59.01,61.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.041828" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.082218" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.646774" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="44.898273" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="48.024021" y="0"> 4</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="54.275524" y="0"> 9</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="60.527023" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="66.778526" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="73.030022" y="0"> 7</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,<年代vg height="17.825001" id="M120" style="vertical-align:-4.15945pt;width:34.525002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 34.525002 17.825001" width="34.525002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,17.825)"> <g transform="translate(72,-57.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,61.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.89,67.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="9.2200003"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-59.01,61.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>在良好的协议与Glauert的价值(<一个href="#B17">17</一个>]。数值的<年代vg height="14.3625" id="M121" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:19.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 19.9375 14.3625" width="19.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.51)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-60.5,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>为不同的值<年代vg height="10.325" id="M122" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:17.237499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.237499 10.325" width="17.237499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<年代vg height="10.9125" id="M123" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:43.037498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 43.037498 10.9125" width="43.037498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.028847" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.069235" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>如表所示<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijmms/2008/573425/tab1/" target="_blank">1</一个>。这些值是在良好的协议与Labropulu et al。<一个href="#B20">20.</一个>]<年代vg height="14.475" id="M124" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:16.299999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16.299999 14.475" width="16.299999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.475)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.42)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.89,60.47)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijmms/2008/573425/fig6/" target="_blank">6</一个>显示的资料<年代vg height="14.3625" id="M125" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:19.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 19.9375 14.3625" width="19.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.51)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-60.5,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>不同的价值观<年代vg height="10.6875" id="M126" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:43.037498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 43.037498 10.6875" width="43.037498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.6875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.45)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.028847" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.069235" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<年代vg height="14.475" id="M127" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:16.299999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16.299999 14.475" width="16.299999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.475)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.42)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.89,60.47)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijmms/2008/573425/fig7/" target="_blank">7</一个>描述了配置文件的<年代vg height="10.325" id="M128" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:17.237499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.237499 10.325" width="17.237499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>不同的价值观<年代vg height="14.7125" id="M129" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:62.762501px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 62.762501 14.7125" width="62.762501" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.23)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-60.5,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-52.63,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.405136" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.656635" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<年代vg height="14.6" id="M130" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:34.525002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 34.525002 14.6" width="34.525002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.6)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.32)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.89,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-59.01,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.402496" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg></p> <div class="partial-carousel-wrapper"> <div class="floats-partial-section"> <div class="floats-partial-content"> <div 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class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图6</年代p一个n> <a aria-label="View full page" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijmms/2008/573425/fig6/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>的变化<年代vg height="17.225" id="M131" style="vertical-align:-4.0404pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 36.224998 17.225" width="36.224998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,12.138)"> <path d="M542 242q0 -106 -80 -176.5t-192 -72.5l-55 -251l-6 -3q-18 7 -28 38t1 91l23 124q-85 16 -133.5 72.5t-48.5 137.5q0 95 62.5 159.5t166.5 97.5l14 -31q-77 -32 -115 -82.5t-38 -128.5q0 -63 31.5 -107t74.5 -59l125 597l56 43l16 -10l-40 -168q-9 -40 3 -45 q77 -33 120 -85.5t43 -140.5zM469 232q0 67 -37 115t-77 62l-76 -370q89 -4 139.5 52.5t50.5 140.5z" id="x1D719"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,9.663,17.162)"> <path d="M384 0h-275v27q67 5 81.5 18.5t14.5 68.5v385q0 38 -7.5 47.5t-40.5 10.5l-48 2v24q85 15 178 52v-521q0 -55 14.5 -68.5t82.5 -18.5v-27z" id="x31"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,16,12.138)"> <path d="M300 -147l-18 -23q-106 71 -159 185.5t-53 254.5v1q0 139 53 252.5t159 186.5l18 -24q-74 -62 -115.5 -173.5t-41.5 -242.5q0 -130 41.5 -242.5t115.5 -174.5z" id="x28"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,21.882,12.138)"> <path d="M471 401q0 -32 -14 -91l-83 -376q-30 -146 -21 -180l-7 -15q-22 0 -47.5 23.5t-25.5 40.5q0 49 53 271l53 224q4 18 6.5 31t3.5 22.5t1 15t-2 9t-4.5 4.5t-6.5 1q-31 0 -100.5 -63.5t-126.5 -145.5q-16 -53 -40 -163q-48 -11 -74 -21l-7 8l82 341q9 36 -4 36 q-8 0 -28.5 -14t-38.5 -32l-17 22q41 43 85 71t66 28q23 0 23 -39q0 -19 -10 -64l-24 -103h2q77 101 201 182q37 24 74 24q31 0 31 -47z" id="x1D702"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,30.279,12.138)"> <path d="M275 270q0 -296 -211 -440l-19 23q75 62 116.5 174t41.5 243t-42 243t-116 173l19 24q211 -144 211 -440z" id="x29"></path> </g> </svg>对各种<年代vg height="15.4" id="M132" style="vertical-align:-3.3907pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 22.950001 15.4" width="22.950001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.112)"> <path d="M1004 650l-6 -29q-54 -6 -71 -19.5t-51 -74.5l-271 -539h-33l-98 506h-3l-258 -506h-30l-78 532q-10 67 -21.5 80t-66.5 21l6 29h241l-8 -29l-26 -5q-34 -6 -41 -16t-3 -47l59 -425h4l251 510h31l102 -510h2q150 299 198 423q14 40 8.5 48.5t-47.5 16.5l-28 5l7 29h231z " id="x1D44A"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,17.338,15.187)"> <path d="M391 364q0 -28 -20.5 -53.5t-50 -43.5t-70 -34t-73.5 -25t-68 -17v-29q0 -48 20 -81t65 -33q73 0 157 76l16 -23q-107 -113 -221 -113q-21 0 -40.5 6.5t-39 22t-31.5 47t-12 75.5q0 69 33.5 139.5t95.5 114.5q77 55 143 55q42 0 69 -24.5t27 -59.5zM313 350 q0 26 -14.5 40.5t-37.5 14.5q-32 0 -44 -7q-82 -46 -104 -175q200 49 200 127z" id="x1D452"></path> </g> </svg>和<年代vg height="11.375" id="M133" style="vertical-align:-0.1638pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 48.9375 11.375" width="48.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.112)"> <path d="M998 650l-8 -28q-71 -4 -86 -16t-22 -69l-50 -397q-3 -28 -4.5 -44t2 -29t6.5 -18.5t17 -10.5t24.5 -6.5t37.5 -3.5l-8 -28h-271l7 28q63 6 78 22t25 90l60 415h-2l-353 -552h-23l-130 536h-2l-70 -254q-44 -158 -47 -188q-5 -38 9 -51t71 -18l-6 -28h-241l8 28 q45 4 67 18.5t35 45.5q16 38 74 233l52 173q24 79 11.5 98t-89.5 26l6 28h177l136 -508l337 508h172z" id="x1D440"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,22.127,11.112)"> <path d="M535 323h-483v50h483v-50zM535 138h-483v50h483v-50z" id="x3D"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,36.831,11.112)"> <path d="M384 0h-275v27q67 5 81.5 18.5t14.5 68.5v385q0 38 -7.5 47.5t-40.5 10.5l-48 2v24q85 15 178 52v-521q0 -55 14.5 -68.5t82.5 -18.5v-27z" id="x31"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,44.99,11.112)"> <path d="M113 -12q-24 0 -39.5 16t-15.5 42q0 24 16 40.5t40 16.5t40 -16.5t16 -40.5q0 -26 -16 -42t-41 -16z" id="x2E"></path> </g> </svg></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="partial-carousel-wrapper"> <div class="floats-partial-section"> <div class="floats-partial-content"> <div class="partial-carousel--full-image partial-carousel-d820583a17ead360d0c3ec24dd848551"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/ijmms/volume-2008/573425/figures/573425.fig.007.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs"> <div class="partial-carousel-dots-d820583a17ead360d0c3ec24dd848551 partial-carousel-thumbnail"> <button aria-label="Slide to " class="partial-carousel-dot"><img loading="lazy" alt="" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/ijmms/volume-2008/573425/thumbnails/573425.fig.007_th.jpg"><br><strong></strong></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle--nav"> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev-d820583a17ead360d0c3ec24dd848551 partial-carousel-next-prev"> <button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-prev"></button> <button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-next"></button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图7</年代p一个n> <a aria-label="View full page" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijmms/2008/573425/fig7/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>的变化<年代vg height="17.225" id="M134" style="vertical-align:-4.0404pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 36.224998 17.225" width="36.224998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,12.138)"> <path d="M542 242q0 -106 -80 -176.5t-192 -72.5l-55 -251l-6 -3q-18 7 -28 38t1 91l23 124q-85 16 -133.5 72.5t-48.5 137.5q0 95 62.5 159.5t166.5 97.5l14 -31q-77 -32 -115 -82.5t-38 -128.5q0 -63 31.5 -107t74.5 -59l125 597l56 43l16 -10l-40 -168q-9 -40 3 -45 q77 -33 120 -85.5t43 -140.5zM469 232q0 67 -37 115t-77 62l-76 -370q89 -4 139.5 52.5t50.5 140.5z" id="x1D719"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,9.663,17.162)"> <path d="M384 0h-275v27q67 5 81.5 18.5t14.5 68.5v385q0 38 -7.5 47.5t-40.5 10.5l-48 2v24q85 15 178 52v-521q0 -55 14.5 -68.5t82.5 -18.5v-27z" id="x31"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,16,12.138)"> <path d="M300 -147l-18 -23q-106 71 -159 185.5t-53 254.5v1q0 139 53 252.5t159 186.5l18 -24q-74 -62 -115.5 -173.5t-41.5 -242.5q0 -130 41.5 -242.5t115.5 -174.5z" id="x28"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,21.882,12.138)"> <path d="M471 401q0 -32 -14 -91l-83 -376q-30 -146 -21 -180l-7 -15q-22 0 -47.5 23.5t-25.5 40.5q0 49 53 271l53 224q4 18 6.5 31t3.5 22.5t1 15t-2 9t-4.5 4.5t-6.5 1q-31 0 -100.5 -63.5t-126.5 -145.5q-16 -53 -40 -163q-48 -11 -74 -21l-7 8l82 341q9 36 -4 36 q-8 0 -28.5 -14t-38.5 -32l-17 22q41 43 85 71t66 28q23 0 23 -39q0 -19 -10 -64l-24 -103h2q77 101 201 182q37 24 74 24q31 0 31 -47z" id="x1D702"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,30.279,12.138)"> <path d="M275 270q0 -296 -211 -440l-19 23q75 62 116.5 174t41.5 243t-42 243t-116 173l19 24q211 -144 211 -440z" id="x29"></path> </g> </svg>对各种<年代vg height="11.175" id="M135" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.475 11.175" width="17.475" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.113)"> <path d="M998 650l-8 -28q-71 -4 -86 -16t-22 -69l-50 -397q-3 -28 -4.5 -44t2 -29t6.5 -18.5t17 -10.5t24.5 -6.5t37.5 -3.5l-8 -28h-271l7 28q63 6 78 22t25 90l60 415h-2l-353 -552h-23l-130 536h-2l-70 -254q-44 -158 -47 -188q-5 -38 9 -51t71 -18l-6 -28h-241l8 28 q45 4 67 18.5t35 45.5q16 38 74 233l52 173q24 79 11.5 98t-89.5 26l6 28h177l136 -508l337 508h172z" id="x1D440"></path> </g> </svg>和<年代vg height="15.4" id="M136" style="vertical-align:-3.3907pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 66.4375 15.4" width="66.4375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.112)"> <path d="M1004 650l-6 -29q-54 -6 -71 -19.5t-51 -74.5l-271 -539h-33l-98 506h-3l-258 -506h-30l-78 532q-10 67 -21.5 80t-66.5 21l6 29h241l-8 -29l-26 -5q-34 -6 -41 -16t-3 -47l59 -425h4l251 510h31l102 -510h2q150 299 198 423q14 40 8.5 48.5t-47.5 16.5l-28 5l7 29h231z " id="x1D44A"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,17.338,15.187)"> <path d="M391 364q0 -28 -20.5 -53.5t-50 -43.5t-70 -34t-73.5 -25t-68 -17v-29q0 -48 20 -81t65 -33q73 0 157 76l16 -23q-107 -113 -221 -113q-21 0 -40.5 6.5t-39 22t-31.5 47t-12 75.5q0 69 33.5 139.5t95.5 114.5q77 55 143 55q42 0 69 -24.5t27 -59.5zM313 350 q0 26 -14.5 40.5t-37.5 14.5q-32 0 -44 -7q-82 -46 -104 -175q200 49 200 127z" id="x1D452"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,27.6,11.112)"> <path d="M535 323h-483v50h483v-50zM535 138h-483v50h483v-50z" id="x3D"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,42.287,11.112)"> <path d="M241 635q53 0 94 -28.5t63.5 -76t33.5 -102.5t11 -116q0 -58 -11 -112.5t-34 -103.5t-63.5 -78.5t-94.5 -29.5t-95 28t-64.5 75t-34.5 102.5t-11 118.5q0 58 11.5 112.5t34.5 103t64.5 78t95.5 29.5zM238 602q-32 0 -55.5 -25t-35.5 -68t-17.5 -91t-5.5 -105 q0 -76 10 -138.5t37 -107.5t69 -45q32 0 55.5 25t35.5 68.5t17.5 91.5t5.5 105t-5.5 105.5t-18 92t-36 68t-56.5 24.5z" id="x30"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,50.463,11.112)"> <path d="M113 -12q-24 0 -39.5 16t-15.5 42q0 24 16 40.5t40 16.5t40 -16.5t16 -40.5q0 -26 -16 -42t-41 -16z" id="x2E"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,54.339,11.112)"> <path d="M412 140l28 -9q0 -2 -35 -131h-373v23q112 112 161 170q59 70 92 127t33 115q0 63 -31 98t-86 35q-75 0 -137 -93l-22 20l57 81q55 59 135 59q69 0 118.5 -46.5t49.5 -122.5q0 -62 -29.5 -114t-102.5 -130l-141 -149h186q42 0 58.5 10.5t38.5 56.5z" id="x32"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,62.498,11.112)"> <path d="M113 -12q-24 0 -39.5 16t-15.5 42q0 24 16 40.5t40 16.5t40 -16.5t16 -40.5q0 -26 -16 -42t-41 -16z" id="x2E"></path> </g> </svg></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> <p>数值积分的系统(<一个href="#eq20">3.13</一个>)<年代vg height="14.7125" id="M137" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:47.137501px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 47.137501 14.7125" width="47.137501" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.23)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-60.5,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-52.63,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>使用有限差分技术提供<年代vg height="10.9125" id="M138" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:43.037498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 43.037498 10.9125" width="43.037498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.028847" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.069235" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<年代vg height="17.825001" id="M139" style="vertical-align:-4.15945pt;width:120.3375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 120.3375 17.825001" width="120.3375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,17.825)"> <g transform="translate(72,-57.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,61.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.89,67.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="9.2200003"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-59.01,61.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.041828" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.082218" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.333717" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.459469" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.710968" y="0"> 9</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="51.962467" y="0"> 4</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="58.213966" y="0"> 5</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="64.465469" y="0"> 4</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="70.716965" y="0"> 8</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="76.968468" y="0"> 8</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,<年代vg height="17.825001" id="M140" style="vertical-align:-4.15945pt;width:34.525002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 34.525002 17.825001" width="34.525002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,17.825)"> <g transform="translate(72,-57.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,61.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.89,67.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="9.2200003"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-59.01,61.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>在良好的协议与Glauert的价值(<一个href="#B17">17</一个>]。数值的<年代vg height="14.3625" id="M141" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:19.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 19.9375 14.3625" width="19.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.51)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-60.5,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>为不同的值<年代vg height="10.325" id="M142" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:17.237499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.237499 10.325" width="17.237499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<年代vg height="10.9125" id="M143" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:43.037498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 43.037498 10.9125" width="43.037498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.028847" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.069235" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>如表所示<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijmms/2008/573425/tab1/" target="_blank">1</一个>。这些值是在良好的协议与Labropulu et al。<一个href="#B20">20.</一个>)当<年代vg height="14.475" id="M144" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:16.299999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16.299999 14.475" width="16.299999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.475)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.42)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.89,60.47)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijmms/2008/573425/fig8/" target="_blank">8</一个>描述了配置文件的<年代vg height="14.3625" id="M145" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:19.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 19.9375 14.3625" width="19.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.51)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-60.5,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>不同的价值观<年代vg height="10.6875" id="M146" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:43.037498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 43.037498 10.6875" width="43.037498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.6875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.45)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.028847" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.069235" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<年代vg height="14.475" id="M147" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:16.299999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16.299999 14.475" width="16.299999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.475)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.42)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.89,60.47)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijmms/2008/573425/fig9/" target="_blank">9</一个>显示的资料<年代vg height="10.325" id="M148" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:17.237499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.237499 10.325" width="17.237499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>不同的价值观<年代vg height="14.7125" id="M149" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:58.862499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 58.862499 14.7125" width="58.862499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.23)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-60.5,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-52.63,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.405136" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<年代vg height="14.6" id="M150" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:34.525002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 34.525002 14.6" width="34.525002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.6)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.32)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.89,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-59.01,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.402496" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。</p><div class="partial-carousel-wrapper"> <div class="floats-partial-section"> <div class="floats-partial-content"> <div class="partial-carousel--full-image partial-carousel-a40ad732af4fdba05e965b9ecfac32ec"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/ijmms/volume-2008/573425/figures/573425.fig.008.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs"> <div class="partial-carousel-dots-a40ad732af4fdba05e965b9ecfac32ec partial-carousel-thumbnail"> <button aria-label="Slide to " class="partial-carousel-dot"><img loading="lazy" alt="" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/ijmms/volume-2008/573425/thumbnails/573425.fig.008_th.jpg"><br><strong></strong></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle--nav"> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev-a40ad732af4fdba05e965b9ecfac32ec partial-carousel-next-prev"> <button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-prev"></button> <button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-next"></button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图8</年代p一个n> <a aria-label="View full page" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijmms/2008/573425/fig8/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>的变化<年代vg height="17.225" id="M151" style="vertical-align:-4.0404pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 36.224998 17.225" width="36.224998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,12.138)"> <path d="M542 242q0 -106 -80 -176.5t-192 -72.5l-55 -251l-6 -3q-18 7 -28 38t1 91l23 124q-85 16 -133.5 72.5t-48.5 137.5q0 95 62.5 159.5t166.5 97.5l14 -31q-77 -32 -115 -82.5t-38 -128.5q0 -63 31.5 -107t74.5 -59l125 597l56 43l16 -10l-40 -168q-9 -40 3 -45 q77 -33 120 -85.5t43 -140.5zM469 232q0 67 -37 115t-77 62l-76 -370q89 -4 139.5 52.5t50.5 140.5z" id="x1D719"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,9.663,17.162)"> <path d="M412 140l28 -9q0 -2 -35 -131h-373v23q112 112 161 170q59 70 92 127t33 115q0 63 -31 98t-86 35q-75 0 -137 -93l-22 20l57 81q55 59 135 59q69 0 118.5 -46.5t49.5 -122.5q0 -62 -29.5 -114t-102.5 -130l-141 -149h186q42 0 58.5 10.5t38.5 56.5z" id="x32"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,16,12.138)"> <path d="M300 -147l-18 -23q-106 71 -159 185.5t-53 254.5v1q0 139 53 252.5t159 186.5l18 -24q-74 -62 -115.5 -173.5t-41.5 -242.5q0 -130 41.5 -242.5t115.5 -174.5z" id="x28"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,21.882,12.138)"> <path d="M471 401q0 -32 -14 -91l-83 -376q-30 -146 -21 -180l-7 -15q-22 0 -47.5 23.5t-25.5 40.5q0 49 53 271l53 224q4 18 6.5 31t3.5 22.5t1 15t-2 9t-4.5 4.5t-6.5 1q-31 0 -100.5 -63.5t-126.5 -145.5q-16 -53 -40 -163q-48 -11 -74 -21l-7 8l82 341q9 36 -4 36 q-8 0 -28.5 -14t-38.5 -32l-17 22q41 43 85 71t66 28q23 0 23 -39q0 -19 -10 -64l-24 -103h2q77 101 201 182q37 24 74 24q31 0 31 -47z" id="x1D702"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,30.279,12.138)"> <path d="M275 270q0 -296 -211 -440l-19 23q75 62 116.5 174t41.5 243t-42 243t-116 173l19 24q211 -144 211 -440z" id="x29"></path> </g> </svg>对各种<年代vg height="15.4" id="M152" style="vertical-align:-3.3907pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 22.950001 15.4" width="22.950001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.112)"> <path d="M1004 650l-6 -29q-54 -6 -71 -19.5t-51 -74.5l-271 -539h-33l-98 506h-3l-258 -506h-30l-78 532q-10 67 -21.5 80t-66.5 21l6 29h241l-8 -29l-26 -5q-34 -6 -41 -16t-3 -47l59 -425h4l251 510h31l102 -510h2q150 299 198 423q14 40 8.5 48.5t-47.5 16.5l-28 5l7 29h231z " id="x1D44A"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,17.338,15.187)"> <path d="M391 364q0 -28 -20.5 -53.5t-50 -43.5t-70 -34t-73.5 -25t-68 -17v-29q0 -48 20 -81t65 -33q73 0 157 76l16 -23q-107 -113 -221 -113q-21 0 -40.5 6.5t-39 22t-31.5 47t-12 75.5q0 69 33.5 139.5t95.5 114.5q77 55 143 55q42 0 69 -24.5t27 -59.5zM313 350 q0 26 -14.5 40.5t-37.5 14.5q-32 0 -44 -7q-82 -46 -104 -175q200 49 200 127z" id="x1D452"></path> </g> </svg>和<年代vg height="11.375" id="M153" style="vertical-align:-0.1638pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 48.9375 11.375" width="48.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.112)"> <path d="M998 650l-8 -28q-71 -4 -86 -16t-22 -69l-50 -397q-3 -28 -4.5 -44t2 -29t6.5 -18.5t17 -10.5t24.5 -6.5t37.5 -3.5l-8 -28h-271l7 28q63 6 78 22t25 90l60 415h-2l-353 -552h-23l-130 536h-2l-70 -254q-44 -158 -47 -188q-5 -38 9 -51t71 -18l-6 -28h-241l8 28 q45 4 67 18.5t35 45.5q16 38 74 233l52 173q24 79 11.5 98t-89.5 26l6 28h177l136 -508l337 508h172z" id="x1D440"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,22.127,11.112)"> <path d="M535 323h-483v50h483v-50zM535 138h-483v50h483v-50z" id="x3D"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,36.831,11.112)"> <path d="M384 0h-275v27q67 5 81.5 18.5t14.5 68.5v385q0 38 -7.5 47.5t-40.5 10.5l-48 2v24q85 15 178 52v-521q0 -55 14.5 -68.5t82.5 -18.5v-27z" id="x31"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,44.99,11.112)"> <path d="M113 -12q-24 0 -39.5 16t-15.5 42q0 24 16 40.5t40 16.5t40 -16.5t16 -40.5q0 -26 -16 -42t-41 -16z" id="x2E"></path> </g> </svg></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="partial-carousel-wrapper"> <div class="floats-partial-section"> <div class="floats-partial-content"> <div class="partial-carousel--full-image partial-carousel-f82fb3f26229e07c117e66abf5a9f858"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img loading="lazy" alt="" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/ijmms/volume-2008/573425/figures/573425.fig.009.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs"> <div class="partial-carousel-dots-f82fb3f26229e07c117e66abf5a9f858 partial-carousel-thumbnail"> <button aria-label="Slide to " class="partial-carousel-dot"><img loading="lazy" alt="" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/ijmms/volume-2008/573425/thumbnails/573425.fig.009_th.jpg"><br><strong></strong></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle--nav"> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev-f82fb3f26229e07c117e66abf5a9f858 partial-carousel-next-prev"> <button aria-label="Previous" class="carousel-prev"></button> <button aria-label="Next" class="carousel-next"></button> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图9</年代p一个n> <a aria-label="View full page" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijmms/2008/573425/fig9/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>的变化<年代vg height="17.225" id="M154" style="vertical-align:-4.0404pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 36.224998 17.225" width="36.224998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,12.138)"> <path d="M542 242q0 -106 -80 -176.5t-192 -72.5l-55 -251l-6 -3q-18 7 -28 38t1 91l23 124q-85 16 -133.5 72.5t-48.5 137.5q0 95 62.5 159.5t166.5 97.5l14 -31q-77 -32 -115 -82.5t-38 -128.5q0 -63 31.5 -107t74.5 -59l125 597l56 43l16 -10l-40 -168q-9 -40 3 -45 q77 -33 120 -85.5t43 -140.5zM469 232q0 67 -37 115t-77 62l-76 -370q89 -4 139.5 52.5t50.5 140.5z" id="x1D719"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,9.663,17.162)"> <path d="M412 140l28 -9q0 -2 -35 -131h-373v23q112 112 161 170q59 70 92 127t33 115q0 63 -31 98t-86 35q-75 0 -137 -93l-22 20l57 81q55 59 135 59q69 0 118.5 -46.5t49.5 -122.5q0 -62 -29.5 -114t-102.5 -130l-141 -149h186q42 0 58.5 10.5t38.5 56.5z" id="x32"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,16,12.138)"> <path d="M300 -147l-18 -23q-106 71 -159 185.5t-53 254.5v1q0 139 53 252.5t159 186.5l18 -24q-74 -62 -115.5 -173.5t-41.5 -242.5q0 -130 41.5 -242.5t115.5 -174.5z" id="x28"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,21.882,12.138)"> <path d="M471 401q0 -32 -14 -91l-83 -376q-30 -146 -21 -180l-7 -15q-22 0 -47.5 23.5t-25.5 40.5q0 49 53 271l53 224q4 18 6.5 31t3.5 22.5t1 15t-2 9t-4.5 4.5t-6.5 1q-31 0 -100.5 -63.5t-126.5 -145.5q-16 -53 -40 -163q-48 -11 -74 -21l-7 8l82 341q9 36 -4 36 q-8 0 -28.5 -14t-38.5 -32l-17 22q41 43 85 71t66 28q23 0 23 -39q0 -19 -10 -64l-24 -103h2q77 101 201 182q37 24 74 24q31 0 31 -47z" id="x1D702"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,30.279,12.138)"> <path d="M275 270q0 -296 -211 -440l-19 23q75 62 116.5 174t41.5 243t-42 243t-116 173l19 24q211 -144 211 -440z" id="x29"></path> </g> </svg>对各种<年代vg height="11.175" id="M155" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.475 11.175" width="17.475" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.113)"> <path d="M998 650l-8 -28q-71 -4 -86 -16t-22 -69l-50 -397q-3 -28 -4.5 -44t2 -29t6.5 -18.5t17 -10.5t24.5 -6.5t37.5 -3.5l-8 -28h-271l7 28q63 6 78 22t25 90l60 415h-2l-353 -552h-23l-130 536h-2l-70 -254q-44 -158 -47 -188q-5 -38 9 -51t71 -18l-6 -28h-241l8 28 q45 4 67 18.5t35 45.5q16 38 74 233l52 173q24 79 11.5 98t-89.5 26l6 28h177l136 -508l337 508h172z" id="x1D440"></path> </g> </svg>和<年代vg height="15.4" id="M156" style="vertical-align:-3.3907pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 66.4375 15.4" width="66.4375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.112)"> <path d="M1004 650l-6 -29q-54 -6 -71 -19.5t-51 -74.5l-271 -539h-33l-98 506h-3l-258 -506h-30l-78 532q-10 67 -21.5 80t-66.5 21l6 29h241l-8 -29l-26 -5q-34 -6 -41 -16t-3 -47l59 -425h4l251 510h31l102 -510h2q150 299 198 423q14 40 8.5 48.5t-47.5 16.5l-28 5l7 29h231z " id="x1D44A"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,17.338,15.187)"> <path d="M391 364q0 -28 -20.5 -53.5t-50 -43.5t-70 -34t-73.5 -25t-68 -17v-29q0 -48 20 -81t65 -33q73 0 157 76l16 -23q-107 -113 -221 -113q-21 0 -40.5 6.5t-39 22t-31.5 47t-12 75.5q0 69 33.5 139.5t95.5 114.5q77 55 143 55q42 0 69 -24.5t27 -59.5zM313 350 q0 26 -14.5 40.5t-37.5 14.5q-32 0 -44 -7q-82 -46 -104 -175q200 49 200 127z" id="x1D452"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,27.6,11.112)"> <path d="M535 323h-483v50h483v-50zM535 138h-483v50h483v-50z" id="x3D"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,42.287,11.112)"> <path d="M241 635q53 0 94 -28.5t63.5 -76t33.5 -102.5t11 -116q0 -58 -11 -112.5t-34 -103.5t-63.5 -78.5t-94.5 -29.5t-95 28t-64.5 75t-34.5 102.5t-11 118.5q0 58 11.5 112.5t34.5 103t64.5 78t95.5 29.5zM238 602q-32 0 -55.5 -25t-35.5 -68t-17.5 -91t-5.5 -105 q0 -76 10 -138.5t37 -107.5t69 -45q32 0 55.5 25t35.5 68.5t17.5 91.5t5.5 105t-5.5 105.5t-18 92t-36 68t-56.5 24.5z" id="x30"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,50.463,11.112)"> <path d="M113 -12q-24 0 -39.5 16t-15.5 42q0 24 16 40.5t40 16.5t40 -16.5t16 -40.5q0 -26 -16 -42t-41 -16z" id="x2E"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,54.339,11.112)"> <path d="M412 140l28 -9q0 -2 -35 -131h-373v23q112 112 161 170q59 70 92 127t33 115q0 63 -31 98t-86 35q-75 0 -137 -93l-22 20l57 81q55 59 135 59q69 0 118.5 -46.5t49.5 -122.5q0 -62 -29.5 -114t-102.5 -130l-141 -149h186q42 0 58.5 10.5t38.5 56.5z" id="x32"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,62.498,11.112)"> <path d="M113 -12q-24 0 -39.5 16t-15.5 42q0 24 16 40.5t40 16.5t40 -16.5t16 -40.5q0 -26 -16 -42t-41 -16z" id="x2E"></path> </g> </svg></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> <p>墙上的剪切应力的振荡分量是由<年代p一个n class="equation" id="eq21"> <svg height="17.975" id="M157" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-4.28235pt;width:120.15px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 120.15 17.975" width="120.15" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,17.975)"> <g transform="translate(72,-57.62)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,61.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.41,66.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9756801" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-55.96,61.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.578498" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.779745" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-28.11,67.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="9.2200003"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-23.23,61.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.578498" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.779745" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,4.62,67.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="9.2200003"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,9.49,61.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span>在哪里<年代vg height="17.825001" id="M158" style="vertical-align:-4.15945pt;width:34.525002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 34.525002 17.825001" width="34.525002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,17.825)"> <g transform="translate(72,-57.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,61.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.89,67.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="9.2200003"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-59.01,61.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<年代vg height="14.3625" id="M159" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:19.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 19.9375 14.3625" width="19.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.51)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-60.5,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>表中给出<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijmms/2008/573425/tab1/" target="_blank">1</一个>,<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijmms/2008/573425/tab2/" target="_blank">2</一个>,<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijmms/2008/573425/tab3/" target="_blank">3</一个>,<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijmms/2008/573425/tab4/" target="_blank">4</一个>为不同的值<年代vg height="10.325" id="M160" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:17.237499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.237499 10.325" width="17.237499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<年代vg height="14.7125" id="M161" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:47.137501px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 47.137501 14.7125" width="47.137501" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.23)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-60.5,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-52.63,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。当<年代vg height="10.9125" id="M162" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:43.037498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 43.037498 10.9125" width="43.037498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.028847" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.069235" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<年代vg height="17.975" id="M163" style="vertical-align:-4.28235pt;width:81.849998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 81.849998 17.975" width="81.849998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,17.975)"> <g transform="translate(72,-57.62)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,61.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.41,66.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9756801" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-55.96,61.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.578498" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.867746" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-26.02,67.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="9.2200003"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-21.15,61.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,墙上的剪切应力的值是在良好的协议与Glauert获得的价值(<一个href="#B17">17</一个>]。</p><div class="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="tab2"> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">表2</年代p一个n> <a aria-label="View full page" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijmms/2008/573425/tab2/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> 数值的<年代vg height="17.825001" id="M164" style="vertical-align:-4.15945pt;width:37.125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 37.125 17.825001" width="37.125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,17.825)"> <g transform="translate(72,-57.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-69.87,61.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-61.8,67.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="9.2200003"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-56.93,61.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,<年代vg height="17.825001" id="M165" style="vertical-align:-4.15945pt;width:34.525002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 34.525002 17.825001" width="34.525002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,17.825)"> <g transform="translate(72,-57.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,61.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.89,67.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="9.2200003"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-59.01,61.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,<年代vg height="10.325" id="M166" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:17.237499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.237499 10.325" width="17.237499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>为不同的值<年代vg height="10.9375" id="M167" style="vertical-align:-0.20064pt;width:60.325001px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 60.325001 10.9375" width="60.325001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.25)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.452748" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.479914" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.520302" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.771805" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="41.897552" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<年代vg height="10.325" id="M168" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:17.237499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.237499 10.325" width="17.237499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。</div> <a class="table-thumb-overlay" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijmms/2008/573425/tab2" target="_blank" aria-label="View full page"></a> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="tab3"> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">表3</年代p一个n> <a aria-label="View full page" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijmms/2008/573425/tab3/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> 数值的<年代vg height="17.825001" id="M174" style="vertical-align:-4.15945pt;width:37.125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 37.125 17.825001" width="37.125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,17.825)"> <g transform="translate(72,-57.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-69.87,61.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-61.8,67.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="9.2200003"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-56.93,61.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,<年代vg height="17.825001" id="M175" style="vertical-align:-4.15945pt;width:34.525002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 34.525002 17.825001" width="34.525002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,17.825)"> <g transform="translate(72,-57.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,61.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.89,67.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="9.2200003"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-59.01,61.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,<年代vg height="10.325" id="M176" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:17.237499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.237499 10.325" width="17.237499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>为不同的值<年代vg height="14.7125" id="M177" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:58.862499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 58.862499 14.7125" width="58.862499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.23)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-60.5,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-52.63,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.405136" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<年代vg height="10.325" id="M178" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:17.237499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.237499 10.325" width="17.237499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。</div> <a class="table-thumb-overlay" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijmms/2008/573425/tab3" target="_blank" aria-label="View full page"></a> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="tab4"> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">表4</年代p一个n> <a aria-label="View full page" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijmms/2008/573425/tab4/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> 数值的<年代vg height="17.825001" id="M184" style="vertical-align:-4.15945pt;width:37.125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 37.125 17.825001" width="37.125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,17.825)"> <g transform="translate(72,-57.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-69.87,61.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-61.8,67.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="9.2200003"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-56.93,61.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,<年代vg height="17.825001" id="M185" style="vertical-align:-4.15945pt;width:34.525002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 34.525002 17.825001" width="34.525002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,17.825)"> <g transform="translate(72,-57.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,61.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.89,67.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="9.2200003"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-59.01,61.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,<年代vg height="10.325" id="M186" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:17.237499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.237499 10.325" width="17.237499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>为不同的值<年代vg height="14.7125" id="M187" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:58.862499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 58.862499 14.7125" width="58.862499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.23)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-60.5,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-52.63,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.405136" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<年代vg height="10.325" id="M188" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:17.237499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.237499 10.325" width="17.237499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。</div> <a class="table-thumb-overlay" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijmms/2008/573425/tab4" target="_blank" aria-label="View full page"></a> </div> </div> <h5 id="subsec3.2">3.2。大的值<年代vg height="10.9125" id="M194" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:22.375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 22.375 10.9125" width="22.375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.5145426" y="0"> /</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.990377" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg></h5> <p>当<年代vg height="39.625" id="M195" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 39.625" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,39.625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-40.3)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,152.88,51.13)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.200001" y="5.7199998"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.164939" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 189.14,70.7 14.79,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,190.33,58.38)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="3.888433" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 190.33,54.25 12.41,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,193.63,42.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.060001" y="-3.05"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.3" y="-8.7600002"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.014832" y="-8.7600002"> =</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 239.75,70.71 14.79,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,240.94,58.38)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="3.888433" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 240.94,54.25 12.41,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,244.01,42.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.53" y="-8.7600002"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.731487" y="-8.7600002"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="214.48" y="-8.7600002"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="218.64349" y="-8.7600002"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="224.895" y="-8.7600002"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="228.02075" y="-8.7600002"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="234.27225" y="-8.7600002"> 5</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="240.52374" y="-8.7600002"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>大,我们呢<年代p一个n class="equation" id="eq22"> <svg height="20.4125" id="M196" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-2.64594pt;width:69.162498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 69.162498 20.4125" width="69.162498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,20.4125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-55.67)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,58.96)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> √</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m -60.35,70.71 21.07,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-60.35,58.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.188745" y="0"> /</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.6645794" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.553012" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.530886" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.571274" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></p> <p>让<年代vg height="13.55" id="M197" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:89.574997px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 89.574997 13.55" width="89.574997" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.55)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.16)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.6515961" y="0"> /</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.12743" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.779026" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.493856" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.534245" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.185841" y="0"> /</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="48.661674" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="55.713367" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="62.364964" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,然后<年代vg height="86.337502" id="M198" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 86.337502" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,86.3375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-2.93)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,18.32,59.91)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 15.48,55.79 11.93,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,15.48,43.54)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,22.53,46.98)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,29.99,60.96)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,37.39,66.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,42.26,60.96)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 29.8,55.79 20.71,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,29.8,42.1)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.6515961" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,45.64,46.98)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,54.49,52.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.94" y="-7.25"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 67.03,55.79 7.05,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,67.03,43.91)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.2399998" y="-3.8299999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.98" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.280001" y="-17.049999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.931597" y="-17.049999"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 91.75,55.79 15.84,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,91.75,43.91)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.809999" y="-8.75"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.6515961" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.349998" y="-16"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.001595" y="-16"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 124.1,55.79 16.19,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,124.28,43.91)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.209999" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.27" y="-3.8299999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.790001" y="-8.75"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="49.169998" y="-16"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.6515961" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 170.61,55.79 11.93,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,170.61,43.54)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,177.66,46.98)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,183.73,52.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,195.18,49.54)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,199.58,47.74)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.7399998" y="-4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.66" y="-13.22"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,223.64,66.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,228.51,60.96)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 216.05,55.79 20.72,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,216.05,42.1)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.6515961" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,231.89,46.98)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,240.74,52.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.54" y="-7.25"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.191595" y="-7.25"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 253.28,55.79 16.19,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,253.45,43.91)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.6" y="-17.049999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.6515961" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,279.45,66.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,284.33,60.96)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 271.86,55.79 20.72,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,271.86,42.1)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.6515961" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,287.7,46.98)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,296.55,52.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.54" y="-7.25"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,316.49,64.98)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,321.37,59.91)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 309.09,55.79 21.82,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,309.64,42.1)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.6515961" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,325.48,46.98)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,333.86,60.96)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.6515961" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 333.3,55.79 15.84,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,333.3,43.91)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.809999" y="-8.75"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.349998" y="-16"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.6515961" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,373.05,64.98)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,377.93,59.91)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 365.65,55.79 21.82,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,366.2,42.1)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.6515961" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,382.04,46.98)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,388.66,52.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0699997" y="4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-334.17001" y="38.959999"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-318.79999" y="31.709999"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 67.03,16.82 11.92,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,67.03,4.58)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,74.08,8.02)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,80.15,13.7)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.379999" y="-9.2299995"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.840101" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,114.98,19.81)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 103.53,16.82 15.84,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,105.49,4.58)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,112.54,8.02)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,121.95,22)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,129.36,27.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,134.23,22)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 121.77,16.82 20.71,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,121.77,3.13)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.6515961" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,137.61,8.02)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,146.46,13.7)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.327718" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.893232" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.433502" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="47.473892" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="53.725391" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="312.03" y="-20.639999"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="316.19351" y="-20.639999"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="322.44501" y="-20.639999"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="325.57074" y="-20.639999"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="331.82224" y="-20.639999"> 6</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="338.07376" y="-20.639999"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和(<一个href="#eq17">3.10</一个>)的形式<年代p一个n class="equation" id="eq23"> <svg height="14.3625" id="M199" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:19.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 19.9375 14.3625" width="19.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.51)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-60.5,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></p> <p>自<年代vg height="14.3625" id="M200" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:19.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 19.9375 14.3625" width="19.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.51)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-60.5,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>是小对于大多数液体像二阶流体(见Markovitz和科尔曼(<一个href="#B22">22</一个>]),我们遵循斯利瓦斯塔瓦(<一个href="#B19">19</一个>),<年代vg height="13.925" id="M201" style="vertical-align:-0.1254pt;width:15.0375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 15.0375 13.925" width="15.0375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.925)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.86)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,61.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.9,66.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>的顺序<年代vg height="17.799999" id="M202" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:65.324997px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 65.324997 17.799999" width="65.324997" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,17.8)"> <g transform="translate(72,-57.76)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,61.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-60.5,57.91)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-52.63,61.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.905016" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-24.66,66.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。因此,<年代vg height="37.625" id="M203" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 37.625" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,37.625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-41.9)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-53.26,50.15)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.099998" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.330002" y="-10.81"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.8499999" y="-2.51"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.877166" y="-2.51"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.217386" y="-2.51"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-3.52,66.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,1.35,60.96)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m -11.11,55.79 20.71,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-11.11,42.1)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.6515961" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,4.73,46.98)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,13.58,52.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.389999" y="4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.129999" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.327718" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.43" y="-8.3000002"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.081596" y="-8.3000002"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 48.44,55.79 15.85,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,48.44,43.91)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.82" y="-8.75"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.6515961" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.360001" y="-16"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.011597" y="-16"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 80.8,55.79 16.19,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,80.97,43.91)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.219999" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.280001" y="-3.8299999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="61.07" y="-3.8299999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="66.809998" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="77.730003" y="-17.049999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan 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d="m 214.33,55.79 20.71,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,214.33,42.1)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.6515961" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,230.17,46.98)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,239.01,52.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.54" y="-7.25"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,258.96,64.98)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,263.83,59.91)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 251.55,55.79 21.82,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,252.1,42.1)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.6515961" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,267.94,46.98)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,276.32,60.96)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.6515961" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 275.76,55.79 15.84,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,275.76,43.91)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.82" y="-8.75"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.349998" y="-16"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.6515961" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,315.52,64.98)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,320.39,59.91)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 308.11,55.79 21.82,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,308.66,42.1)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.6515961" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,324.51,46.98)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,331.13,52.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0600004" y="4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.58" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.920221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.760323" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="50.100544" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="63.791328" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,401.98,57.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,406.85,52.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.540269" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.568155" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.819654" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="51.639999" y="-1.16"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="55.803497" y="-1.16"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="62.055" y="-1.16"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="65.180748" y="-1.16"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="71.432251" y="-1.16"> 7</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="77.683746" y="-1.16"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和(<一个href="#eq23">3.16</一个>)成为<年代p一个n class="equation" id="eq24"> <svg height="13.45" id="M204" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:28.549999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 28.549999 13.45" width="28.549999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.45)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.7268538" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.890353" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.579458" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></p> <p>的扩张<年代vg height="10.9125" id="M205" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:35.6875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 35.6875 10.9125" width="35.6875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.152436" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.192825" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>附近的墙上<年代vg height="72.912498" id="M206" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 72.912498" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,72.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-13.67)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,46.19,56.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " 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transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,113.97,56.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,123.16,61.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,130.82,56.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.53" y="-7.25"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 143.35,59.37 6.26,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,143.35,47.49)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 6</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.4499998" y="-6.2399998"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="47.369999" y="-6.2399998"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="53.220001" y="-8.7600002"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; 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style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,314.41,47.49)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 6</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.4499998" y="-8.7600002"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.327129" y="-8.7600002"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,339.7,61.3)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,344.58,56.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,351.63,61.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 5</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,356.5,56.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,365.69,61.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,81.67,22.65)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.790001" y="-7.25"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 94.21,25.77 18.75,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,94.21,13.9)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.950001" y="-3.8299999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.309999" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.2515001" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.503" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,130.49,27.71)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,138.14,22.65)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,163.18,27.65)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,170.83,22.65)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.030001" y="4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.630001" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,210.52,27.65)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 5</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,215.39,22.65)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,224.58,27.65)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 5</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,232.23,22.65)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> ⋯</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.006001" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="226.25999" y="-17.059999"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="230.42349" y="-17.059999"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="236.675" y="-17.059999"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="239.80075" y="-17.059999"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="246.05225" y="-17.059999"> 8</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="252.30374" y="-17.059999"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>是<年代p一个n class="equation" id="eq25"> <svg height="15.325" id="M207" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:68.925003px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 68.925003 15.325" width="68.925003" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,15.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-59.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,62)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.427982" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.46837" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-37.93,67.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9756801" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-31.49,62)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span>在哪里<年代vg height="10.9125" id="M208" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:22.375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 22.375 10.9125" width="22.375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.5145426" y="0"> /</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.990377" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。</p><p>因为大的值<年代vg height="7.1750002" id="M209" style="vertical-align:-0.1254pt;width:8.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.9375 7.1750002" width="8.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.175)"> <g transform="translate(72,-66.26)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>的参数<年代vg height="48.262501" id="M210" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 48.262501" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,48.2625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-33.39)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,79.84,49.77)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.540269" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,107.44,65.71)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ∞</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,103.42,43.22)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,104.14,36.04)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3497438" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.344864" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,119.57,49.77)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,126.63,54.77)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,131.47,49.77)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,139.54,46.64)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,144.39,49.77)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.852604" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.479433" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.519823" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,182.98,46.64)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,187.85,49.77)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.852604" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.791769" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.13199" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.183681" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,232.11,46.64)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,236.98,49.77)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.852604" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.791769" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.13199" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,273.17,54.77)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,278.04,49.77)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,286.11,46.64)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,290.98,49.77)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.852604" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.791769" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.13199" y="0"> ⋯</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.797768" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="167.50999" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="171.67349" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="177.925" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="181.05075" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="187.30225" y="0"> 9</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="193.55374" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>很小,我们呢<年代p一个n class="equation" id="eq26"> <svg height="15.75" id="M211" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 15.75" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,15.75)"> <g transform="translate(72,-59.4)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,73.64,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,81.7,60.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,86.58,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.041828" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.082218" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.333717" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="51.499859" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,146.16,60.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,151,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.054333" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.082218" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="46.298611" y="0"> 我</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="49.774445" y="0"> f</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="58.113945" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="67.791267" y="0"> ≥</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="79.831657" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="86.083153" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="111.21419" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,270.29,60.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,275.14,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> ∞</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.741277" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.368107" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.408497" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="51.624886" y="0"> ∀</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="58.626568" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="64.840561" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="183.35001" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="187.5135" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="193.765" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="196.89075" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="203.14224" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="209.39375" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></p> <p>边界条件是<年代p一个n class="equation" id="eq27"> <svg height="7.1750002" id="M212" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0.1254pt;width:8.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.9375 7.1750002" width="8.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.175)"> <g transform="translate(72,-66.26)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></p> <p>用(<一个href="#eq27">3.20</一个>)(<一个href="#eq24">3.17</一个>)和等同的系数不同的权力<年代vg height="14.75" id="M213" style="vertical-align:-3.25793pt;width:35.0625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 35.0625 14.75" width="35.0625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.75)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.2)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.89,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-59.01,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.852604" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>为零,我们发现的边值问题<年代vg height="38.825001" id="M214" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 38.825001" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,38.825)"> <g transform="translate(72,-40.94)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,72.61,49.19)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.099998" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.150002" y="-11.77"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.8499999" y="-2.51"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.877166" y="-2.51"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.217386" y="-2.51"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,122.16,66.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,127.03,60.96)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,135.1,57.84)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 114.76,54.83 25.21,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,117.01,41.14)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.6515961" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,132.85,46.02)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,143.94,51.7)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,163.35,48.58)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,171.7,51.7)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="43.42292" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,223.19,48.58)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,228.06,51.7)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.041828" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.082218" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.333717" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="61.477249" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,297.6,48.58)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,302.48,51.7)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> ∞</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.741277" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.368107" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.408497" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="156.00999" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="160.17349" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="166.425" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="169.55075" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="175.80225" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="182.05374" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>是<年代p一个n class="equation" id="eq28"> <svg height="21.225" id="M215" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-3.25793pt;width:177.52499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 177.52499 21.225" width="177.52499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,21.225)"> <g transform="translate(72,-55.02)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,58.32)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.89,55.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-59.01,58.32)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="79.800003" y="-0.63999999"> √</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.852604" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.479433" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.519823" y="0"> e</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.071156" y="0"> x</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.322655" y="0"> p</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="52.737656" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="56.901154" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="65.465706" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="69.629204" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="76.318314" y="0"> /</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 32.4,70.71 29.25,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,32.4,58.32)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.0271664" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.367388" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.244516" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.408016" y="0"> ]</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span>与解决方案<年代vg height="12.3" id="M216" style="vertical-align:-1.29163pt;width:65.625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 65.625 12.3" width="65.625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.3)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.16)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.7148314" y="0"> ≤</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.75522" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.108185" y="0"> <</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="46.148575" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>提供<年代vg height="14.475" id="M217" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:16.299999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16.299999 14.475" width="16.299999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.475)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.42)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.89,60.47)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。</p><p>第二个方程给出<年代vg height="14.75" id="M218" style="vertical-align:-3.25793pt;width:123.1875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 123.1875 14.75" width="123.1875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.75)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.2)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.89,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-59.01,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.852604" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.016103" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.305351" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-28.64,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-23.76,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.852604" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.016103" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.305351" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,6.61,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 4</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,11.49,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.852604" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>是零。接下来的四个方程<年代vg height="14.75" id="M219" style="vertical-align:-3.25793pt;width:35.0625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 35.0625 14.75" width="35.0625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.75)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.2)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.89,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 5</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-59.01,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.852604" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<年代vg height="473.61249" id="M220" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 473.61249" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,473.6125)"> <g transform="translate(72,306.89)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-40.08,49.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.099998" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.150002" y="-11.65"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.8499999" y="-2.51"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.877166" y="-2.51"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.217386" y="-2.51"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,9.47,66.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,14.34,60.96)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,22.41,57.84)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 2.07,54.95 25.21,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,4.31,41.26)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.6515961" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,20.16,46.15)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,31.25,51.82)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,50.66,48.7)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,59.01,51.82)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.718672" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,92.8,48.7)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,97.68,51.82)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-95.610001" y="30.66"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-134.39" y="39.919998"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-130.2265" y="39.919998"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-121.19933" y="39.919998"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-109.85912" y="39.919998"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-100.98199" y="39.919998"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,9.47,26.23)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,14.34,21.16)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,22.41,18.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 2.07,15.02 25.21,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,4.31,1.34)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.6515961" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,20.16,6.22)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,31.25,11.9)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,50.66,8.77)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,59.01,11.9)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.718672" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,92.8,8.77)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,100.45,11.9)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.54" y="-7.25"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 112.99,15.02 6.25,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,112.99,3.15)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.4499998" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.327129" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.29178" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,147.47,16.9)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,153.54,21.16)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,160.94,26.23)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,165.82,21.16)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,173.88,18.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 153.54,15.02 25.22,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,155.79,1.34)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.6515961" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,171.63,6.22)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,182.73,11.9)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.57" y="-9.2600002"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.217352" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.182001" y="0"> 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x="39.57" y="-9.1400003"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.217352" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.182001" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,197.52,-89.88)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,202.4,-94.95)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,210.46,-98.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 190.12,-100.96 25.22,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,192.37,-114.65)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan 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x="-380.50198" y="39.919998"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,9.47,-129.68)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,14.34,-134.75)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,22.41,-137.88)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 5</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 2.07,-140.89 25.21,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,4.31,-154.57)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.6515961" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,20.16,-149.69)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,31.25,-144.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " 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style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,155.79,-154.57)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.6515961" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,171.63,-149.69)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,183.43,-144.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.07" y="-9.1400003"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.905016" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,221.9,-129.8)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,226.78,-134.87)"> <tspan style="font-size: 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x="11.613499" y="-8.75"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.640665" y="-8.75"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.980886" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="44.546402" y="-8.75"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="48.7099" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,144.46,-215.98)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,152.11,-220.99)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="70.68" y="4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.217352" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.38085" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.408016" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="44.748238" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan 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style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,152.79,-305.92)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.4499998" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.327129" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.29178" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.857296" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,199.83,-292.16)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,204.71,-302.09)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.8000002" y="-14.19"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.189274" y="-14.19"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text 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<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 6</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.4499998" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.015514" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.980165" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,295.89,-292.16)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,303.54,-297.17)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="50.939999" y="4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="58.549999" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.217352" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.182001" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="41.747517" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,370.15,-300.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,375.02,-297.17)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="83.470001" y="-176.60001"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="87.633499" y="-176.60001"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="93.885002" y="-176.60001"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="97.01075" y="-176.60001"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="103.26225" y="-176.60001"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="109.51375" y="-176.60001"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>是<年代p一个n class="equation" id="eq0032"> <svg height="296.85001" id="M221" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 296.85001" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,296.85)"> <g transform="translate(72,165.48)"> 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y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.2600002" y="-0.63999999"> √</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 25.32,55.53 29.25,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,25.32,43.14)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.0271664" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.367388" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.440001" y="-13.39"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.129105" y="-13.39"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,68.02,61.54)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="15.72" y="-0.44"> √</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.99512" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " 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style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,153.26,2.26)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 8</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.25" y="-0.63999999"> √</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 171.11,14.65 29.25,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,171.11,2.26)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.450001" y="-13.39"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.0271664" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.367388" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,210.75,20.65)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 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)</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,291.4,20.65)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,296.28,10.73)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.7399998" y="-4.9200001"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-342.04001" y="35.959999"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-37.7,-28.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 4</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-32.82,-25.23)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="52.150002" y="-7.25"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.852604" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.479433" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m -1.1,-22.1 47.1,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-1.1,-38.62)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 8</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.25" y="-0.63999999"> √</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 16.75,-26.23 29.25,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,16.75,-38.62)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.450001" y="-13.39"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.0271664" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.367388" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,52.76,-20.23)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="16.030001" 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</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.9646511" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 112.81,-22.1 6.25,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,112.81,-33.98)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.4400001" y="-6.2399998"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="94.57" y="-6.2399998"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.3" y="-8.75"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.314663" y="-8.75"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.667385" y="-8.75"> 4</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.918888" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="48.799999" y="-6.2399998"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="54.651405" y="-6.2399998"> 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style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,279.4,-33.98)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.4400001" y="-6.2399998"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="94.559998" y="-6.2399998"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.3" y="-8.75"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.314663" y="-8.75"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.667385" y="-8.75"> 4</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.918888" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="48.799999" y="-6.2399998"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="54.651405" y="-6.2399998"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="60.5" y="-8.75"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="69.527168" y="-8.75"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="80.867386" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="103.19" y="-8.75"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="114.53022" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,407.63,-20.23)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,412.5,-30.15)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.7399998" y="-4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,427.43,-20.23)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,84.6,-66.11)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.93" y="-7.25"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.957167" y="-7.25"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.297386" y="-7.25"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 97.14,-62.99 40.85,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,97.14,-78.86)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> √</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 108.74,-67.11 29.25,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,108.74,-79.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.450001" y="-13.39"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.0271664" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.367388" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,148.37,-61.11)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,156.03,-66.11)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.169998" y="-7.25"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 168.57,-62.99 55.51,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,168.57,-76.96)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 6</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.2515001" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.429663" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.782387" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.659515" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,212.4,-71.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> /</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,225.27,-66.11)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,234.46,-61.11)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 4</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,239.34,-71.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.96" y="-4.9200001"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-285.10001" y="38.209999"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-37.7,-112.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 5</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-32.82,-109.24)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.852604" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.479433" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="43.939999" y="-7.25"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="52.904652" y="-7.25"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m -1.1,-106.11 47.1,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-1.1,-122.63)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 8</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.25" y="-0.63999999"> √</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 16.75,-110.24 29.25,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,16.75,-122.63)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.450001" y="-13.39"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.0271664" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.367388" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,52.76,-104.24)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="16.030001" y="-0.44999999"> √</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.99512" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.9095364" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="13.591856" y="0"> /</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 76.91,-95.56 16.59,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.57800001;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,76.91,-104.24)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.37112" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="16.585039" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,96.91,-114.16)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.16" y="-12.17"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.724554" y="-12.17"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.976055" y="-12.17"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.227554" y="-12.17"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,137.01,-96.99)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,144.67,-101.99)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.327718" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.579218" y="0"> 5</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.830717" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,177.39,-96.99)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,185.04,-101.99)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.591721" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.843222" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.496017" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="46.836239" y="0"> 9</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 107.07,-106.11 131.07,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,149.05,-122.63)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 4</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.25" y="-0.63999999"> √</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 166.91,-110.24 29.25,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,166.91,-122.63)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.0146627" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.367388" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="72.419998" y="-13.39"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="81.884773" y="-13.39"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="94.43" y="-20.639999"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="100.6815" y="-20.639999"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="106.933" y="-20.639999"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,282.72,-96.99)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,290.37,-101.99)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.591721" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.843222" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.496017" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="46.836239" y="0"> 9</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 261.34,-106.11 82.13,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,299.28,-117.99)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 8</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.389999" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,353.86,-104.24)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,84.6,-152.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.54" y="-7.2600002"> 4</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.7915" y="-7.2600002"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,112.27,-140.11)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,119.92,-145.11)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> 5</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.591721" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.244516" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.58474" y="0"> 6</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 97.14,-149.24 69.62,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,104.19,-163.22)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 6</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.2515001" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.442165" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.782387" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.659515" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,148.02,-158.05)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> /</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,167.96,-152.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,177.15,-147.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,184.8,-152.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.27" y="-7.2600002"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.5215" y="-7.2600002"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.161793" y="-7.2600002"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="51.514519" y="-7.2600002"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 197.34,-149.24 54.95,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,197.34,-163.22)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.2515001" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.503" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.666498" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.693665" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.033886" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.911015" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,247.42,-158.05)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,253.49,-152.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,262.68,-147.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 4</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,270.33,-152.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.299999" y="-7.2600002"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 282.87,-149.24 61.76,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,282.87,-163.22)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.2515001" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.503" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.666498" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.693665" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.033886" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.911015" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,332.95,-158.05)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> /</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,345.83,-152.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,355.02,-147.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 5</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,359.89,-157.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="98.599998" y="-107.43"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="102.7635" y="-107.43"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="109.015" y="-107.43"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="112.14075" y="-107.43"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="118.39225" y="-107.43"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="124.64375" y="-107.43"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span></p> <p>解决这些方程,利用边界条件,我们获得<年代p一个n class="equation" id="eq0033"> <svg height="12.3" id="M222" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-1.29163pt;width:65.625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 65.625 12.3" width="65.625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.3)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.16)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.7148314" y="0"> ≤</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.75522" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.108185" y="0"> <</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="46.148575" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span>提供<年代vg height="10.9125" id="M223" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:38.424999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 38.424999 10.9125" width="38.424999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.340461" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.38085" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。如果<年代vg height="10.9125" id="M224" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:43.037498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 43.037498 10.9125" width="43.037498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.028847" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.069235" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<年代vg height="10.9125" id="M225" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:43.037498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 43.037498 10.9125" width="43.037498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.028847" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.069235" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>为牛顿流体,我们恢复解决方案通过Glauert [<一个href="#B13">13</一个>),如果<年代vg height="105.05" id="M226" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 105.05" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,105.05)"> <g transform="translate(72,12.04)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,38.93,59.59)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,45.33,56.47)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 38.04,53.58 17.43,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,38.04,41.34)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.2765059" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,50.59,44.78)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,60.14,50.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.6" y="6.9499998"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 94.79,68.79 13.86,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,95.99,57.71)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.188745" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 95.99,53.58 11.46,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,96.15,41.34)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,102.42,44.78)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,108.65,50.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,114.21,55.46)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.6819839" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,128.22,45.53)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.76" y="-12.18"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 135.15,53.58 47.91,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,135.15,37.06)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.0500002" y="-0.63999999"> √</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 153.81,49.45 29.25,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,153.81,37.06)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.220001" y="-13.39"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="62.470001" y="-20.65"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.0146627" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.367388" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 199.57,53.58 47.1,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,199.57,37.06)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.25" y="-0.63999999"> √</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 217.42,49.45 29.25,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,217.42,37.06)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="52.82" y="-21.459999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.0271664" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.367388" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.450001" y="-13.39"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.277359" y="-13.39"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="58.669998" y="-23.969999"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="67.697166" y="-23.969999"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="79.037384" y="-23.969999"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="85.288887" y="-23.969999"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="91.54039" y="-23.969999"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="103.19318" y="-23.969999"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="114.5334" y="-23.969999"> 8</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="120.7849" y="-23.969999"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,347.09,66.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,351.97,58.52)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.8499999" y="-2.51"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 270.24,53.58 96.54,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,296.6,41.7)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="71.379997" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 8</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.2515001" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.429663" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.782387" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.659515" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,375.03,55.46)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,125.47,4)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.54" y="-8.0699997"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="102.7" y="-8.0699997"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.389999" y="-10.58"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.417166" y="-10.58"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.757385" y="-10.58"> 4</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.008888" y="-10.58"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="53.889999" y="-8.0699997"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="59.741405" y="-8.0699997"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="65.599998" y="-10.58"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="74.614662" y="-10.58"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="85.967384" y="-10.58"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="98.532906" y="-10.58"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="111.33" y="-10.58"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="122.67022" y="-10.58"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="128.92172" y="-10.58"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,268.08,19.58)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 138.01,7.13 134.95,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,178.81,-9.39)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.5" y="-0.63999999"> √</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.2515001" y="0"> 6</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 202.91,3 29.25,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,202.91,-9.39)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="71.239998" y="-13.39"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.0271664" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.367388" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,281.21,9)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,288.86,4)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25" y="4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.74" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> ⋯</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="169.63" y="-22.85"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="173.7935" y="-22.85"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="180.045" y="-22.85"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="183.17075" y="-22.85"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="189.42226" y="-22.85"> 4</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="195.67375" y="-22.85"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,我们恢复解决方案通过Labropulu et al。<一个href="#B16">16</一个>]。</p><p>墙上的剪切应力的振荡分量是由<年代p一个n class="equation" id="eq0034"> <svg height="10.9125" id="M227" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:38.424999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 38.424999 10.9125" width="38.424999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.340461" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.38085" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span>如果<年代vg height="10.9125" id="M228" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:43.037498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 43.037498 10.9125" width="43.037498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.028847" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.069235" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<年代vg height="10.325" id="M229" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:17.237499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.237499 10.325" width="17.237499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,剪切应力在良好的协议与Glauert获得的结果(<一个href="#B13">13</一个>]。</p><h4 id="conclusions">4所示。结论</h4> <p>粘弹性的不稳定驻点流动沃尔特斯B液检查存在的磁场。这个流的结果获得了哈特曼的不同值的数量<年代vg height="14.3625" id="M230" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:19.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 19.9375 14.3625" width="19.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.51)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-60.5,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和韦森伯数<年代vg height="15.4125" id="M231" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:34.612499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 34.612499 15.4125" width="34.612499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,15.4125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-59.67)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,62)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.41,67.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-58.94,62)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。在更高的频率,扰动是剪切层,就像一盘在静止流体振荡。图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijmms/2008/573425/fig1/" target="_blank">1</一个>显示的变化<年代vg height="10.9125" id="M232" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:43.037498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 43.037498 10.9125" width="43.037498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.028847" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.069235" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>对各种韦森伯数字当哈特曼的数量<年代vg height="15.4125" id="M233" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:34.612499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 34.612499 15.4125" width="34.612499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,15.4125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-59.67)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,62)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.41,67.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-58.94,62)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。韦森伯数的影响是增加速度<年代vg height="15.4125" id="M234" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:34.612499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 34.612499 15.4125" width="34.612499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,15.4125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-59.67)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,62)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.41,67.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-58.94,62)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>附近的墙,因为它会增加。数据<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijmms/2008/573425/fig2/" target="_blank">2</一个>和<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijmms/2008/573425/fig3/" target="_blank">3</一个>显示的变化<年代vg height="10.325" id="M235" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:17.237499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.237499 10.325" width="17.237499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>对各种哈特曼的号码<年代vg height="14.7125" id="M236" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:47.137501px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 47.137501 14.7125" width="47.137501" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.23)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-60.5,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-52.63,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>当<年代vg height="14.7125" id="M237" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:58.862499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 58.862499 14.7125" width="58.862499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.23)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-60.5,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-52.63,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.405136" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<年代vg height="15.4125" id="M238" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:34.612499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 34.612499 15.4125" width="34.612499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,15.4125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-59.67)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,62)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.41,67.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-58.94,62)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。哈特曼效应的数量是增加的速度<年代vg height="14.75" id="M239" style="vertical-align:-3.25793pt;width:34.525002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 34.525002 14.75" width="34.525002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.75)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.2)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.89,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-59.01,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.402496" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>附近的墙,因为它会增加。数据<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijmms/2008/573425/fig4/" target="_blank">4</一个>和<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijmms/2008/573425/fig5/" target="_blank">5</一个>表明,<年代vg height="10.325" id="M240" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:17.237499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.237499 10.325" width="17.237499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>减少在墙上<年代vg height="14.3625" id="M241" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:19.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 19.9375 14.3625" width="19.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.51)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-60.5,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<年代vg height="15.325" id="M242" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:38.337502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 38.337502 15.325" width="38.337502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,15.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-59.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,62)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.41,67.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9756801" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-55.96,62)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>正在增加。同时,从表<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijmms/2008/573425/tab1/" target="_blank">1</一个>来<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/ijmms/2008/573425/tab4/" target="_blank">4</一个>,<年代vg height="10.325" id="M243" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:17.237499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.237499 10.325" width="17.237499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>与哈特曼的数量增加<年代vg height="14.3625" id="M244" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:19.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 19.9375 14.3625" width="19.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.51)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-60.5,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和韦森伯数<年代vg height="14.3875" id="M245" style="vertical-align:-3.25793pt;width:17.1px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.1 14.3875" width="17.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.49)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.25,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。这种行为的原因是,磁场<年代p一个n class="inline" id="M246"></span>产生一个力沿着表面支持运动。结果,速度沿表面增加无处不在,因此墙上的剪切应力增加而增加哈特曼的号码和韦森伯数。</p><p>这些结论提出了沃尔特斯B液。未来将研究不稳定驻点工作流量的磁场存在其他粘弹性流体。</p><h4 id="acknowledgment">承认</h4> <p>作者要感谢评论者对他们有价值的建议。</p></div> </div> <div class="ArticleReferences_xmlContent__p_40j"> <h4 class="ArticleReferences_references__GH2t_" id="references">引用</h4> <ol 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fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M14.7071 1.29289C14.5196 1.10536 14.2652 1 14 1H6C4.34315 1 3 2.34315 3 4V20C3 21.6569 4.34315 23 6 23H18C19.6569 23 21 21.6569 21 20V8C21 7.73478 20.8946 7.48043 20.7071 7.29289L14.7071 1.29289ZM6 3H13.5858L19 8.41421V20C19 20.5523 18.5523 21 18 21H6C5.44772 21 5 20.5523 5 20V4C5 3.44772 5.44772 3 6 3Z" fill="currentColor"></path> </svg></span><span>下载引用</年代p一个n></span><span role="img" class="anticon ButtonGroup_buttonGroupWrapperIcon__CFikg"> <svg width="1em" height="1em" viewbox="0 0 20 22"> <defs> <clippath> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3,22a3,3,0,0,1-3-3V16a1,1,0,0,1,2,0v3a1,1,0,0,0,1,1H17a1,1,0,0,0,1-1V16a1,1,0,1,1,2,0v3a3,3,0,0,1-3,3Zm6.288-6.3-4-4a1,1,0,0,1,1.414-1.414L9,12.586V1a1,1,0,0,1,2,0V12.586l2.293-2.293a1,1,0,0,1,1.414,1.414l-4,4a1,1,0,0,1-1.423,0Z" fill="currentColor"></path> </clippath> </defs> <g> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3,22a3,3,0,0,1-3-3V16a1,1,0,0,1,2,0v3a1,1,0,0,0,1,1H17a1,1,0,0,0,1-1V16a1,1,0,1,1,2,0v3a3,3,0,0,1-3,3Zm6.288-6.3-4-4a1,1,0,0,1,1.414-1.414L9,12.586V1a1,1,0,0,1,2,0V12.586l2.293-2.293a1,1,0,0,1,1.414,1.414l-4,4a1,1,0,0,1-1.423,0Z" fill="currentColor"></path> </g> </svg></span></a> <div class="ant-collapse ant-collapse-icon-position-end articleToolbarOtherFormats_otherFormatsCollapse__VHaOL"> <div class="ant-collapse-item"> <div class="ant-collapse-header" aria-expanded="false" aria-disabled="false" role="button" tabindex="0"> <div class="ant-collapse-expand-icon"> <span role="img" class="anticon ant-collapse-arrow"> <svg width="1em" height="1em" viewbox="0 0 32 32" fill="none"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M17.773 23.453l11.2-11.265a1.918 1.918 0 000-2.641 1.75 1.75 0 00-2.542 0l-9.929 10.101-9.933-10.1a1.75 1.75 0 00-2.542 0 1.919 1.919 0 000 2.64L15.23 23.453c.352.365.811.547 1.271.547.46 0 .92-.182 1.271-.547z" fill="currentColor"></path> </svg></span> </div> <span class="ant-collapse-header-text"><span><span role="img" class="anticon articleToolbarOtherFormats_atofDownloadIcon__YRM5T"> <svg width="1em" height="1em" viewbox="0 0 20 22"> <defs> <clippath> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3,22a3,3,0,0,1-3-3V16a1,1,0,0,1,2,0v3a1,1,0,0,0,1,1H17a1,1,0,0,0,1-1V16a1,1,0,1,1,2,0v3a3,3,0,0,1-3,3Zm6.288-6.3-4-4a1,1,0,0,1,1.414-1.414L9,12.586V1a1,1,0,0,1,2,0V12.586l2.293-2.293a1,1,0,0,1,1.414,1.414l-4,4a1,1,0,0,1-1.423,0Z" fill="currentColor"></path> </clippath> </defs> <g> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M3,22a3,3,0,0,1-3-3V16a1,1,0,0,1,2,0v3a1,1,0,0,0,1,1H17a1,1,0,0,0,1-1V16a1,1,0,1,1,2,0v3a3,3,0,0,1-3,3Zm6.288-6.3-4-4a1,1,0,0,1,1.414-1.414L9,12.586V1a1,1,0,0,1,2,0V12.586l2.293-2.293a1,1,0,0,1,1.414,1.414l-4,4a1,1,0,0,1-1.423,0Z" fill="currentColor"></path> </g> </svg></span><span>下载其他格式</年代p一个n></span></span> </div> </div> </div> <a href="//www.newsama.com/reprints/573425/confirm" class="ButtonGroup_buttonGroupWrapper__Rqhy0" role="button" type="ghost" aria-label="Order printed copies" tabindex="0" unselectable="on" target="_blank"><span class="ButtonGroup_leftGroup__FJAmS"><span role="img" class="anticon ButtonGroup_buttonGroupWrapperIcon__CFikg"> <svg width="1em" height="1em" viewbox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M7.41667 1H18.6667C19.1269 1 19.5 1.44772 19.5 2V22C19.5 22.5523 19.1269 23 18.6667 23H7.41667C5.80584 23 4.5 21.433 4.5 19.5V4.5C4.5 2.567 5.80584 1 7.41667 1ZM6.16667 16.3368V4.5C6.16667 3.67157 6.72631 3 7.41667 3H17.8333V16H7.41667C6.96933 16 6.54552 16.1208 6.16667 16.3368ZM17.8333 18H7.41667C6.72631 18 6.16667 18.6716 6.16667 19.5C6.16667 20.3284 6.72631 21 7.41667 21H17.8333V18Z" fill="currentColor"></path> </svg></span><span>订单打印副本</年代p一个n></span><span role="img" class="anticon ButtonGroup_buttonGroupWrapperIcon__CFikg"> <svg width="1em" height="1em" viewbox="0 0 18 14"> <defs> <clippath id="a"> <path d="M10.293,13.707a1,1,0,0,1,0-1.414L14.586,8H1A1,1,0,0,1,1,6H14.586L10.293,1.707A1,1,0,0,1,11.707.293l6,6a1,1,0,0,1,.172.231h0l.01.019,0,.005.007.014.006.012,0,.008.008.018v0a1,1,0,0,1-.009.817l0,0L17.9,7.44l0,.009-.005.011-.007.013,0,.008-.008.015,0,.005-.01.016,0,0-.011.017,0,0-.012.018,0,0-.012.017,0,0L17.8,7.6l0,0-.011.014,0,.006-.01.012-.009.011-.006.007-.015.017h0l-.04.042-6,6a1,1,0,0,1-1.414,0Z" transform="translate(3 5)"></path> </clippath> </defs> <g transform="translate(-3 -5)"> <path d="M10.293,13.707a1,1,0,0,1,0-1.414L14.586,8H1A1,1,0,0,1,1,6H14.586L10.293,1.707A1,1,0,0,1,11.707.293l6,6a1,1,0,0,1,.172.231h0l.01.019,0,.005.007.014.006.012,0,.008.008.018v0a1,1,0,0,1-.009.817l0,0L17.9,7.44l0,.009-.005.011-.007.013,0,.008-.008.015,0,.005-.01.016,0,0-.011.017,0,0-.012.018,0,0-.012.017,0,0L17.8,7.6l0,0-.011.014,0,.006-.01.012-.009.011-.006.007-.015.017h0l-.04.042-6,6a1,1,0,0,1-1.414,0Z" transform="translate(3 5)" fill="currentColor"></path> </g> </svg></span></a> <div class="articleToolbarStatistics_articleToolbarStatistics__8_woN"> <div class="articleToolbarStatistics_column__R2GqD"> <div> <div> <span>的观点</年代p一个n> <div class="articleToolbarStatistics_amount__vJIDp"> 666年</div> </div> <div> <span>下载</年代p一个n> <div class="articleToolbarStatistics_amount__vJIDp"> 676年</div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="articleToolbarStatistics_column__R2GqD articleToolbarStatistics_dimensions__pe7pO"> <div> 引用</div> <span class="__dimensions_badge_embed__ articleToolbarStatistics_circle__p2dSc" data-doi="10.1155/2008/573425" data-style="small_circle"></span> </div> </div> <ul class="articleToolbarSocials_articleToolbarSocials__g02HH"> <li><a href="https://twitter.com/share?url=https://doi.org/10.1155/2008/573425&via=Hindawi" unselectable="on" title="" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><span role="img" class="anticon"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em" viewbox="126.444 2.281 589 589"> <circle 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