心血管变量的样本值在一个心动周期的初始条件(列),最大预加载(列b),或最大后负荷(列c)当心房。每一列在四个街区被细分。上两个街区:美联社,副总裁,AtP,有限公司(副总裁和AtP也在规模扩大后的压力)。中间块:二尖瓣和主动脉流流动。底块:EDVV ESVV, SV。注意“驼峰”在舒张中晚期AtP。也要注意早期二尖瓣流开始当AtP =副总裁。这是压力越高,是早期二尖瓣流峰值越高。(一)初始条件(57.6 - 58.4年代的模拟时间)。注意,心房收缩(立即心室收缩前)导致晚期二尖瓣流,增加EDVV约20毫升。 Aortic flow is synchronous with ventricular contraction; this flow is stopped abruptly as soon as VP is lower than AP. Early mitral flow starts as soon as VP is lower than AtP. (b) Preload increased to 8 mm Hg (177.6 s–178.4 s of simulation time). Note that AP and VP are strongly increased. Similarly, both mitral flows and aortic flow are increased, and consequently EDVV, SV, and CO are strongly increased. Almost no change in ESVV, in ICT, and in IRT. dp/dt is increased from the resting value 1886 mm Hg/s to 3125 mm Hg/s; consequently, TtP is decreased from its resting value 72 ms to 63.6 ms. (c) Afterload increased to 10 U (177.6 s–178.4 s of simulation time). Note that both AP and VP are strongly increased. However, both mitral flows and aortic flow are decreased. Consequently EDVV and ESVV increase in an unequal extent, so that SV and consequently CO are slightly decreased. Note also that both ICT and IRT are increased. dp/dt is slightly increased from the resting value 1886 mm Hg/s to 2127 mm Hg/s; consequently TtP is increased from its resting value 72 ms to 90 ms. (d) The P-V loop diagram of the conditions above. If preload is increased, the loop diagram becomes broader. Both ventricular pressure and SV are increased. If afterload is increased, the loop diagram becomes narrower. Ventricular pressure is increased, but SV is slightly decreased. Ventricular work is given in mm Hg·mL and in J.
