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no-repeat 6px;background-position:center;margin-top:10px;min-width:55px;display:none;} @media (min-width:768px){.gvEcCq .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .expand_btn{display:none;}} .gvEcCq .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-text{-webkit-flex:9;-ms-flex:9;flex:9;text-align:left;padding:21px 37px 10px 0px;font-size:16px;font-weight:700;} @media (min-width:768px){.gvEcCq .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-text{padding:19px 18px 10px 18px;}} @media (min-width:992px){.gvEcCq .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-text{padding:19px 21px 10px 21px;}} .gvEcCq .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption 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no-repeat 6px;background-position:center;padding:16px 0 16px 0;min-width:62px;max-width:62px;} @media (min-width:768px){.gvEcCq .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-partial-url{padding:16px 0 17px 0;min-width:52px;max-width:52px;}} @media (min-width:992px){.gvEcCq .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-partial-url{padding:15px 0 17px 0;min-width:60px;max-width:60px;}} .gvEcCq .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-partial-url:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;} .gvEcCq .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption-text{font-size:14px;padding:0px 18px 17px 22px;} @media (min-width:768px){.gvEcCq .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption-text{padding:0px 15px 15px 18px;}} @media (min-width:992px){.gvEcCq .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption-text{padding:0px 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height="24"><span class="text">提交</年代p一个n></年代p一个n><span class="sc-htoDjs kNoiZu sc-dqBHgY cQgXqt fileArrow icon-colored undefined icon-themeable" title="" font-size="16"></span></a> <div class="sc-krDsej ewCAZX hide__submenu journalSubmenuCheck" id="journalnav__submenu"> <button class="sc-itybZL kdvWPs journalSubmenuCheck"><span class="sc-htoDjs gvAGTV sc-fzsDOv hAFFGk journalSubmenuCheck icon-colored _1CwL9R82TPl2HxDleeYGDR icon-themeable" title="" font-size="9"></span></button> </div> <div class="sc-dTdPqK lkWWFY hide__submenu journal__nav__desktop" id="journalnav__submenudesktop"> <div order="0" class="sc-kUaPvJ ehYbwJ"> <div class="sc-gPWkxV legory"></div> <div class="sc-gPWkxV legory"></div> </div> <div class="sc-jVODtj epgILe"></div> <span class="sc-fONwsr kCfRMJ"></span> </div> </nav> </div> <div class="sc-nrwXf byflLi breadcrumb__wrapper journal_article__BreadCrumbStyle-sc-12fk6zy-2 bjwAQR article"> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-eitiEO jXeALb breadCrumb" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cmmm/" aria-label="Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine">计算和数学方法在医学</一个>/<gydF4y2Ba一个cl一个年代年代=”年代c-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-eitiEO jXeALb breadCrumb" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cmmm/contents/year/2011/" aria-label="2011">2011年</一个>/<gydF4y2Ba年代p一个ncl一个年代年代=”年代c-bhlBdH UVThf">文章</年代p一个n></div> <div class="threeColumn__ThreeColumnWrapper-sc-1bf4078-0 dDyxFF threeColumnWrapper"> <div class="threeColumn__LeftWrapper-sc-1bf4078-1 fkVFlF leftWrapper"> <button type="button" class="sc-eKZiaR dzZrgS section__button " id="sectionButton"><span class="sc-htoDjs diutvq icon__dots dots__detector icon-colored _3n-7Ho7DlfjMlZbrRr9Q4a icon-themeable" title="" font-size="22"></span>文章部分</bgydF4y2Bautton> <div class="sc-bEjcJn jLUVhb static_contents__section_links links__hidden "> <div id="leftSectionMenu" class="sc-cbkKFq prcY sc-bGbJRg dVCLgr left_section_menu"> <p>在这一页上</p><年代p一个ncl一个年代年代="sc-likbZx bBmZJZ grey" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-ePZHVD ewHMLz" href="#abstract" aria-label="">文摘</一个></年代p一个n><年代pan class="sc-likbZx bBmZJZ grey" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-ePZHVD ewHMLz" href="#introduction" aria-label="">介绍</一个></年代p一个n><年代pan class="sc-likbZx bBmZJZ grey" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-ePZHVD ewHMLz" href="#conclusions-and-future-work" aria-label="">结论</一个></年代p一个n><年代pan class="sc-likbZx bBmZJZ grey" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-ePZHVD ewHMLz" href="#acknowledgments" aria-label="">确认</一个></年代p一个n><年代pan class="sc-likbZx bBmZJZ grey" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-ePZHVD ewHMLz" href="#references" aria-label="">引用</一个></年代p一个n><年代pan class="sc-likbZx bBmZJZ grey" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-ePZHVD ewHMLz" href="#copyright" aria-label="">版权</一个></年代p一个n></div> </div> </div> <div class="threeColumn__ContentWrapper-sc-1bf4078-3 bbzREB contentWrapper"> <div class="threeColumn__Content-sc-1bf4078-4 jknsZc content"> <div class="articleContent__ArticleContentsWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-0 eSvjPB article_contents"> <div class="articleContent__ArticleContentsSectionsWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-1 jntdRu article_contents__sections_wrapper"> <div class="articleContent__ArticleWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-2 hAzjHP"> <div class="sc-chbbiW mBGSe article_header_class"> <p class="sc-kZmsYB bkiEfx article_type">研究文章|<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->开放获取</p><gydF4y2Badiv class="sc-RcBXQ ztvYg article_citation"> 体积<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> 2011年<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> <span class="sc-fZwumE cUsFHx">|</年代p一个n>文章的ID<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> 672039年<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> <span class="sc-fZwumE cUsFHx">|</年代p一个n><一个cl一个年代年代="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-fQejPQ duuwge" href="https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/672039" aria-label="Doi-link">https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/672039</一个></div> <div class="sc-LKuAh lcOiDF article_full_citation"> <div class="sc-hzNEM gsmOCv isHide"> <p>斯坦康Skrøvseth,弗雷德Godtliebsen<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> ”<年代p一个ncl一个年代年代=”一个djust-article-svg-size">尺度空间方法分析2型糖尿病患者的血糖值</年代p一个n>”,<gydF4y2Ba!-- --><i>计算和数学方法在医学</我>,<ggydF4y2BaydF4y2Ba!-- --> 卷。<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->2011年<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> 文章的ID<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->672039年<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> 7<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->   页面<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> 2011年<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->。<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/672039</p></gydF4y2Badiv> <button class="sc-hSdWYo etauus sc-iBEsjs kPshFw" color="">显示引用</bgydF4y2Bautton> </div> <h1 class="sc-iRbamj jZOxOO sc-iSDuPN kEVvRd article_title adjust-article-svg-size heading-title">尺度空间方法分析2型糖尿病患者的血糖值</h1></gydF4y2Badiv> <div class="sc-jrIrqw eHMFfo article_authors"> <hr class="sc-cEvuZC XkrFe hr__author"> <span class=""><b>斯坦康Skrøvseth</b><一个cl一个年代年代=”年代c-htpNat bUhGXt link" href="mailto:" aria-label="Mail Option"><span class="sc-htoDjs kNoiZu sc-hjRWVT irNWJI icon-colored _2zt-1j0LmaF8UjTQAM413G icon-themeable" title="" font-size="16"></span></a><sup>1</年代up>和</年代p一个n><年代p一个ncl一个年代s="">弗雷德Godtliebsen<年代up>2</年代up></span> <div class="sc-fHxwqH dMuGGA isHide"> <p><sup>1</年代up><span>挪威综合护理和远程医疗中心大学医院北挪威9038 Tromsø,挪威</年代p一个n></p><p><sup>2</年代up><span>Tromsø大学数学系和统计,9037 Tromsø,挪威</年代p一个n></p></div> <button class="sc-hSdWYo etauus sc-iQtOjA kfDwZY" color="">显示更多</bgydF4y2Bautton> </div> <div class="articleContent__EditorWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-3 evMkvU"> <div class="articleContent__TextWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-8 fYrLtk"> <b>学术编辑器:</b>gydF4y2Ba关丽珍长</gydF4y2Badiv> <div class="articleContent__PublicationTimeLineWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-4 fjviok"> <div class="articleContent__PublcationCol-sc-2yl9jy-5 hgKieC notPublished"> <span class="articleContent__PublicationField-sc-2yl9jy-6 cIribm">收到了</年代p一个n><年代p一个ncl一个年代s="articleContent__PublicationValue-sc-2yl9jy-7 khHUcu">2010年9月15日</年代p一个n></div> <div class="articleContent__PublcationCol-sc-2yl9jy-5 hgKieC notPublished"> <span class="articleContent__PublicationField-sc-2yl9jy-6 cIribm">接受</年代p一个n><年代p一个ncl一个年代s="articleContent__PublicationValue-sc-2yl9jy-7 khHUcu">2011年1月12</年代p一个n></div> <div class="articleContent__PublcationCol-sc-2yl9jy-5 hgKieC isPublished"> <span class="articleContent__PublicationField-sc-2yl9jy-6 cIribm">发表</年代p一个n><年代p一个ncl一个年代s="articleContent__PublicationValue-sc-2yl9jy-7 khHUcu">2011年2月22日</年代p一个n></div> </div> </div> <article class="sc-jtRlXQ gvEcCq article_body "> <div> <div class="xml-content"> <h4 class="header" id="abstract">文摘</h4><p>gydF4y2Ba我们描述尺度空间方法可以用于定量分析2型糖尿病患者的血糖浓度。血糖值记录由患者自愿在周岁作为一个自我管理的过程的一部分,在录音的时间和频率是由病人决定。这使得一个独特的数据集的程度,不过有一个很大的变化记录的可靠性。尺度空间和频率空间技术适合于揭示不均匀采样数据的重要特征,和有用的识别与医学有关的特性同时使用患者作为他们的自我管理过程的一部分,并为医生提供有用的信息。</p><年代p一个ncl一个年代年代="end-abs"></span> <h4 id="introduction">1。介绍</h4><p>2gydF4y2Ba型糖尿病已成为一个主要的健康问题在西方世界在过去的十年里,在生活方式和饮食被认为是最重要的因素的发生率上升。2型糖尿病是一种复杂的疾病,其特征是遗传和环境两方面的因素。糖尿病会影响全球大约2.2亿人,大约90%的病例是2型糖尿病(<一个href=”#B1">1</一个>]。因为这些病人需要相当大的医疗照顾,他们构成一个重大的社会成本,多努力做给他们提供工具,可以帮助病人管理和监控他们的疾病和鼓励改变生活方式。因此,存在大量的自助工具旨在赋予病人。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba这样一个工具是一个基于移动电话应用程序开发的一个集成的传感器网络,挪威中心综合护理和远程医疗的<我>很少联系</我>应用程序(<一个href=”#B2">2</一个>,<gydF4y2Ba一个href=”#B3">3</一个>]。构成用户界面的软件是运行在手机,使无线和步数和血糖数据的自动记录,除了功能为用户输入饮食信息。这个工具的目的是帮助患者在糖尿病自我管理的过程,和所有数据输入是自动完成的。因此可以零星记录信息,但是这种方法显示产生高度的参与在很长一段时间,这样生成的数据集是独一无二的记录时间的程度。患者通常测量血糖浓度(BGC)大约每天一次的自我管理过程,而下<我>很少联系</我>应用这些值会自动转移到手机通过蓝牙适配器的时候测量。在本文中,我们将只关注BGC一步报告的值,而不考虑值计数器或饮食登记系统。为各种不同的技术和个人原因,有些病人没有记录BGC完整的时期,我们将只考虑那些详细记录他们BGC可靠。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba尺度空间方法在过去的十年里出现的一组统计技术探索功能,和各种尺度的二维数据,在时域和频域空间(<一个href=”#B4">4</一个>- - - - - -<一个href=”#B6">6</一个>]。问的基本问题是,在一个复杂的信号特性是“真的”而不是仅仅是工件或“噪声的特性。”在我们的例子中,BGC值不正确的噪声由于每个数据点反映了真实BGC误差可以忽略不计,但离群值记录在短时间尺度上没有解释力,我们注定要搜索功能,出现在一些规模比典型的间隔。时间序列或密度估计,可以尝试用一系列的带宽,光滑和为每个带宽计算间隔测试意义重要的衍生品或曲率。可以说是最常见的这种方法被称为筛选器(重要的零交点衍生品)<一个href=”#B4">4</一个>),开发了几个类似的工具。这些工具的用处是很大的,但基本上仍未知统计外的社会。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba尺度空间方法也被应用于频率空间和贝叶斯框架内,尽管只有均匀采样数据集(<一个href=”#B6">6</一个>]。自从BGC非常不均匀采样值,即使是“最好”的患者,这种技术目前没有提供这些数据。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba我们应用筛选器方法12例使用收集的数据集<我>很少联系</我>应用程序的一个。被采样的数据非常不均仍然使他们适合筛选器方法,并允许我们探索周期的研究频率高于奈奎斯特频率的最小二乘符合正弦曲线。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba完整的数据集包含12个病人总期间从2008年9月16日到2009年11月25日,共435天。每天没有病人记录BGC,有些记录了一段时间了。一个病人记录BGC至少每天一次连续373天,而四个不到两周连续最长的时期。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba本文的组织结构如下;节<一个href=”#sec2">2</一个>我们将简要解释的筛选器方法的框架内进一步分析所得。节<一个href=”#sec3">3</一个>我们探索功能,治疗时,也出现了完整的数据集,而在部分<一个href=”#sec4">4</一个>我们将分析分解成单独的病人。部分<一个href=”#sec5">5</一个>包含在频率空间分析,我们的结论部分<一个href=”#sec6">6</一个>。</p><h4gydF4y2Baid="the-sizer-methodology">2。筛选器方法</h4><p>gydF4y2Ba我们包括筛选器方案的简要概述在这一节中,可以找到更全面的治疗(<一个href=”#B4">4</一个>,<gydF4y2Ba一个href=”#B7">7</一个>),而一些扩展和理论存在的理由<一个href=”#B5">5</一个>,<gydF4y2Ba一个href=”#B6">6</一个>等),和几个扩展贝叶斯版本在二维散点图称为B-SiZer [<一个href=”#B8">8</一个>在这个框架)已经开发出来。调查直方图的值时,典型的方法是与高斯平滑内核,可以提炼出重要的功能(<一个href=”#B9">9</一个>]。然而,这种方法严重依赖于带宽的选择,,很难知道哪些特性很重要。指定一系列的技术存在一个最优数据驱动的带宽,如最小二乘交叉验证(LSCV)算法(<一个href=”#B12">10</一个>)或Sheather-Jones算法(<一个href=”#B13">11</一个>]。后者,我们用来突出一些值,试图最小化平均平方误差的直接插件机制集成。例如,,(<一个href=”#B9">9</一个>]。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba然而,这是真的,可能会出现重大的结构在不同的尺度,可能再次消失在不同尺度的重要特性。这是早期实现图像处理,视觉这一事实本身就是一个多尺度已经被用于开发应用程序的计算机视觉<一个href=”#B14">12</一个>]。后,严格的统计框架称为筛选器的开发,在每一个相关的规模是追究重大梯度(或曲率),情节和这项研究的结果发表在一个典型的筛选器,这是一个数据的尺度空间表示,重大的改变在给定的规模和位置,或时间,用不同的颜色表示。因此快速评估的数据是可能的,即使是在非常复杂的数据集,和重要的功能可以立即识别和进一步研究。因此可以快速找到重要的数据集的特点,和一个可以使用这些工具假设一代。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba我们把时间尺度空间,每个位置用一次<年代vghe我ght=”9。125”我d="M1" style="vertical-align:-0.11285pt;width:5.0124998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 5.0124998 9.125" width="5.0124998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,9.125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-64.7)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.86)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>和规模或带宽<年代vghe我ght=”10。95" id="M2" style="vertical-align:-0.1254pt;width:9.1374998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.1374998 10.95" width="9.1374998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.95)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.41)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ℎ</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>。有时考虑值记录<年代vghe我ght=”13。0125”我d="M3" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:9.0375004px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.0375004 13.0125" width="9.0375004" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.0125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.59)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.86)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-68.04,61.74)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>,<年代vghe我ght=”12。8875" id="M4" style="vertical-align:-1.76814pt;width:92.474998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 92.474998 12.8875" width="92.474998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.8875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.69)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.3517642" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.392153" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.643654" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.857405" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.108906" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.31015" y="0"> …</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="56.901154" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="62.114902" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>,我们有一个平滑的密度估计(<一个href=”#B9">9</一个>]<gydF4y2Ba年代p一个ncl一个年代年代=”equation" id="EEq1"> <svg height="50.662498" id="M5" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 50.662498" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,50.6625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-31.47)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,142.41,50.54)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-0.72000003" y="2.72"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,150.13,44.69)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ℎ</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,157.76,47.82)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.700001" y="-7.25"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.703768" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n></text> <g> <path d="m 186.71,50.94 11.76,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,186.71,39.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,203.63,63.76)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,199.67,41.27)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,201.2,34.09)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.7169924" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,215.82,47.82)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,225.35,44.69)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ℎ</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,232.98,45.3)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.8499999" y="-2.52"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.539105" y="-2.52"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.879326" y="-2.52"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,260.78,44.69)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,264,45.3)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.9400001" y="-2.52"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="210.12" y="-2.52"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="214.28349" y="-2.52"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="220.535" y="-2.52"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg></span>在哪里<年代vghe我ght=”14。7125” id="M6" style="vertical-align:-3.22282pt;width:34.275002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 34.275002 14.7125" width="34.275002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.23)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.42,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ℎ</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-56.87,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>等核密度高斯内核,<年代p一个ncl一个年代年代=”equation" id="EEq2"> <svg height="43.25" id="M7" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 43.25" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,43.25)"> <g transform="translate(72,-37.4)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,123.95,53.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,133.48,50.32)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ℎ</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,141.11,53.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.16" y="-7.25"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.716271" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n></text> <g> <path d="m 170.06,56.57 32.67,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,170.06,40.09)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ℎ</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.21" y="-0.60000002"> √</t年代p一个n></text> <g> <path d="m 188.88,52.45 13.85,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,188.88,40.09)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.349998" y="-6.0300002"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.700001" y="-13.36"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="55.459999" y="-20.610001"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.2515001" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.129999" y="-13.36"> e</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.681332" y="-13.36"> x</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.932833" y="-13.36"> p</t年代p一个n></text> <g> <path d="m 244.34,56.57 6.26,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,244.34,44.69)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.4499998" y="-3.8399999"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.66" y="-16.01"> </t年代p一个n></text> <g> <path d="m 260.35,56.57 7.21,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,260.35,44.69)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ℎ</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.4099998" y="-3.8399999"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,276.36,64.82)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,281.24,46.12)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.4300003" y="-7.3299999"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="192.88" y="-7.3299999"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="197.0435" y="-7.3299999"> 2</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="203.295" y="-7.3299999"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg></span>其他内核可以被认为,尽管这不是怀疑这些将揭示多新的信息。事实上,高斯核密度已成为事实上的标准部分是因为它的高斯核的独特之处在于,它有一个单调减少的零交叉导数与增加带宽平滑(<一个href=”#B10">13</一个>,<gydF4y2Ba一个href=”#B11">14</一个>]。这意味着尺度空间单调的特征。由于这些原因,我们使用高斯内核只在下面。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba寻找“真正的”潜在的曲线<年代vghe我ght=”13。6125” id="M8" style="vertical-align:-2.34499pt;width:24.1px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 24.1 13.6125" width="24.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.6125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.11)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.9391651" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.102664" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.016103" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>或其衍生物<年代vghe我ght=”15。5625” id="M9" style="vertical-align:-2.34499pt;width:30.3125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 30.3125 15.5625" width="30.3125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,15.5625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-59.55)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,61.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.51,67.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-60.04,61.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>被丢弃在文献中,自估计量<年代vghe我ght=”21。612499" id="M10" style="vertical-align:-3.22282pt;width:32.912498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 32.912498 21.612499" width="32.912498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,21.6125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-54.71)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.23,60.7)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-0.72000003" y="2.73"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.51,67.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="12.16"> ℎ</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-57.96,57.97)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>为<年代vghe我ght=”15。5625” id="M11" style="vertical-align:-2.34499pt;width:30.3125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 30.3125 15.5625" width="30.3125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,15.5625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-59.55)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,61.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.51,67.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-60.04,61.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>是有偏见的。因此,我们计算规模,而空间版本<年代vghe我ght=”22。9625" id="M12" style="vertical-align:-4.30869pt;width:103.1625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 103.1625 22.9625" width="103.1625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,22.9625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-53.63)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,57.97)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.51,63.04)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="-1.5" y="9.2799997"> ℎ</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-59.46,57.97)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.27" y="-2.73"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.549999" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.703768" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.744158" y="0"> E</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.383492" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-11.47,67.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="12.16"> ℎ</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-5.92,57.97)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.240437" y="0"> ]</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>,在那里<年代vghe我ght=”21。612499" id="M13" style="vertical-align:-3.22282pt;width:32.912498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 32.912498 21.612499" width="32.912498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,21.6125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-54.71)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.23,60.7)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-0.72000003" y="2.73"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.51,67.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="12.16"> ℎ</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-57.96,57.97)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>是一个无偏估计量<年代vghe我ght=”18。012501” id="M14" style="vertical-align:-4.30869pt;width:31.0375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 31.0375 18.012501" width="31.0375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,18.0125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-57.59)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,61.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.51,67.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="-1.5" y="9.2799997"> ℎ</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-59.46,61.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>在每一个时间<年代vghe我ght=”9。125”我d="M15" style="vertical-align:-0.11285pt;width:5.0124998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 5.0124998 9.125" width="5.0124998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,9.125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-64.7)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.86)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>和规模<年代vghe我ght=”10。95" id="M16" style="vertical-align:-0.1254pt;width:9.1374998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.1374998 10.95" width="9.1374998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.95)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.41)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ℎ</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>。因此,我们可以假设<年代p一个ncl一个年代年代=”equation" id="eq1"> <svg height="64.737503" id="M17" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 64.737503" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,64.7375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-20.21)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,146.59,60.7)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-0.72000003" y="2.73"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,154.31,67.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="12.16"> ℎ</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,161.94,57.98)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.016103" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.356323" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,196.74,63.04)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="-1.5" y="9.2799997"> ℎ</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,202.88,57.98)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> <g> <path d="m 145.87,50.79 69.25,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,165.94,37.7)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="3.6900001" y="13.96"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.15" y="6.3099999"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.4300003" y="9.04"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-14.37" y="9.04"> 年代</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-7.4183321" y="9.04"> D</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,183.81,37.7)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="12.16"> ℎ</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,191.44,28.67)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.24" y="4.9299998"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.35" y="-18.99"> ∼</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.377888" y="-18.99"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="54.593796" y="-18.99"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="58.757298" y="-18.99"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="65.008797" y="-18.99"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="70.210045" y="-18.99"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="76.46154" y="-18.99"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="282.67999" y="-18.99"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="286.84351" y="-18.99"> 3</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="293.095" y="-18.99"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg></span>和调查的所有值<年代vghe我ght=”10。95" id="M18" style="vertical-align:-0.1254pt;width:9.1374998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.1374998 10.95" width="9.1374998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.95)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.41)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ℎ</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>而不是试图寻找一个最优的,我们能找到一个置信区间<年代vghe我ght=”21。612499" id="M19" style="vertical-align:-3.22282pt;width:32.912498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 32.912498 21.612499" width="32.912498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,21.6125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-54.71)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.23,60.7)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-0.72000003" y="2.73"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.51,67.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="12.16"> ℎ</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-57.96,57.97)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>每一点在尺度空间中从零,并确定是否有显著差异。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba所以对于每一个点<年代vghe我ght=”13。5625” id="M20" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:30.950001px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 30.950001 13.5625" width="30.950001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.5625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.15)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.41)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.278186" y="0"> ℎ</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.492416" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>在尺度空间中,我们希望测试这个假说<年代p一个ncl一个年代年代=”equation" id="eq2"> <svg height="18.012501" id="M21" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 18.012501" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,18.0125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-57.59)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,103.47,61.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,114.38,58.81)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,122.73,61.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ∶</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.8523636" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,141.03,67.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="-1.5" y="9.2799997"> ℎ</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,147.17,61.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.703768" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.744158" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="43.960548" y="0"> 一个</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="49.511879" y="0"> g</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="55.638351" y="0"> 一个</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="61.189682" y="0"> 我</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="64.66552" y="0"> n</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="70.917015" y="0"> 年代</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="75.680656" y="0"> t</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="89.096375" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,247.19,58.81)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,255.54,61.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ∶</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.8523636" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,273.84,67.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="-1.5" y="9.2799997"> ℎ</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,279.97,61.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.403936" y="0"> ≠</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.056492" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="194.14999" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="198.31349" y="0"> 4</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="204.565" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg></span>基于无偏估计量<年代vghe我ght=”21。612499" id="M22" style="vertical-align:-3.22282pt;width:32.912498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 32.912498 21.612499" width="32.912498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,21.6125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-54.71)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.23,60.7)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-0.72000003" y="2.73"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.51,67.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="12.16"> ℎ</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-57.96,57.97)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>的<年代vghe我ght=”18。012501” id="M23" style="vertical-align:-4.30869pt;width:31.0375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 31.0375 18.012501" width="31.0375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,18.0125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-57.59)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,61.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.51,67.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="-1.5" y="9.2799997"> ℎ</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-59.46,61.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>。因此,我们计算的置信区间<年代vghe我ght=”18。012501” id="M24" style="vertical-align:-4.30869pt;width:31.0375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 31.0375 18.012501" width="31.0375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,18.0125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-57.59)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,61.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.51,67.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="-1.5" y="9.2799997"> ℎ</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-59.46,61.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>,<年代p一个ncl一个年代年代=”equation" id="EEq3"> <svg height="28.9625" id="M25" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 28.9625" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,28.9625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-48.83)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,153.23,60.02)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-0.72000003" y="2.73"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,160.95,66.32)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="12.16"> ℎ</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,168.59,57.3)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.459999" y="-2.8199999"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="50.650002" y="4.9299998"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="57.110001" y="-2.72"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="56.389999" y="0.0099999998"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.0036" y="0"> ±</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.356323" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.580002" y="0.0099999998"> 年代</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.53167" y="0.0099999998"> D</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,233.42,66.32)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="12.16"> ℎ</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,241.05,57.3)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.24" y="4.9299998"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.059999" y="0.0099999998"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="233.07001" y="0.0099999998"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="237.23351" y="0.0099999998"> 5</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="243.485" y="0.0099999998"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg></span>在哪里<年代vghe我ght=”9。875" id="M26" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:7.9124999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 7.9124999 9.875" width="7.9124999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,9.875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-64.1)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>下面讨论的分位数,观察差异<年代vghe我ght=”24。9125” id="M27" style="vertical-align:-3.22282pt;width:172.825px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 172.825 24.9125" width="172.825" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,24.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-52.07)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-69.83,57.99)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.43" y="-0.07"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.709999" y="2.6500001"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-0.039999999" y="2.6500001"> V</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.9871664" y="2.6500001"> 一个</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.538498" y="2.6500001"> r</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-35.68,64.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="12.16"> ℎ</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-30.13,55.34)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.48" y="-2.8199999"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="53.459999" y="-2.72"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="52.740002" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.240437" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.403936" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.431822" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.599998" y="0"> 年代</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.551666" y="0"> D</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="48.578835" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,31.05,64.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="12.16"> ℎ</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,36.6,55.34)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.240437" y="0"> ]</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.403936" y="0"> ]</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,57.17,66.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,62.04,55.34)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>是<年代p一个ncl一个年代年代=”equation" id="EEq4"> <svg height="50.662498" id="M28" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 50.662498" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,50.6625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-31.47)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,65.42,50.47)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22" y="7.5700002"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.459999" y="-0.07"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.74" y="2.6500001"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-1.66" y="2.6500001"> V</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.367166" y="2.6500001"> 一个</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.918498" y="2.6500001"> r</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,101.6,56.85)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="12.16"> ℎ</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,109.23,47.82)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.24" y="4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.450001" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="58.16" y="-7.25"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> <g> <path d="m 143.92,50.94 53.19,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,143.92,39.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.840821" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.00432" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.420038" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.760262" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="49.011761" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,202.26,63.76)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,198.3,41.27)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,199.83,34.09)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.7169924" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,214.46,42.9)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.73" y="-4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,230.72,52.82)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="-1" y="9.2799997"> ℎ</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,237.35,45.3)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.8600001" y="-2.52"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.536602" y="-2.52"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.889326" y="-2.52"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,265.15,44.69)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,268.37,45.3)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.6300001" y="-2.52"> −</t年代p一个n></text> <g> <path d="m 288.35,61.52 54.03,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,288.35,47.82)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,298.87,52.7)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="-1" y="9.2799997"> ℎ</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,305.51,45.3)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.8499999" y="-2.52"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.539105" y="-2.52"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.879326" y="-2.52"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,333.31,44.69)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,336.53,45.3)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.8499999" y="2.4000001"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,348.12,59.48)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,474.12,47.82)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> 6</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg></span>与<年代vghe我ght=”10。325" id="M29" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:14.8375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 14.8375 10.325" width="14.8375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>样品的数量<年代vghe我ght=”23。174999" id="M30" style="vertical-align:-4.49678pt;width:34.275002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 34.275002 23.174999" width="34.275002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,23.175)"> <g transform="translate(72,-53.46)"> <g> <path d="m -71.95,70.71 27.32,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,58)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-61.42,62.88)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="-1" y="9.2799997"> ℎ</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-56.87,58)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>样本均值的吗<年代vghe我ght=”18。012501” id="M31" style="vertical-align:-4.37755pt;width:34.275002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 34.275002 18.012501" width="34.275002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,18.0125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-57.59)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,62)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-61.42,67.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="-1" y="9.2799997"> ℎ</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-56.87,62)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba这种治疗是有效的,如果正常的近似是有效的,也就是说,如果<年代vghe我ght=”21。612499" id="M32" style="vertical-align:-3.22282pt;width:187.33749px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 187.33749 21.612499" width="187.33749" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,21.6125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-54.71)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.23,60.7)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-0.72000003" y="2.73"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.51,67.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="12.16"> ℎ</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-57.96,57.97)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.703768" y="0"> ∼</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.744158" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.872066" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="44.035564" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-5.48,63.04)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-2.01,57.97)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.49" y="-2.6500001"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="46" y="-2.73"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.279999" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.240437" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.450001" y="0"> V</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.477165" y="0"> 一个</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.0285" y="0"> r</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="41.105675" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,51.71,67.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="12.16"> ℎ</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,57.26,57.97)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.240437" y="0"> ]</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.403936" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>约。有效样本大小(ESS)被定义为<年代p一个ncl一个年代年代=”equation" id="EEq5"> <svg height="41.825001" id="M33" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 41.825001" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,41.825)"> <g transform="translate(72,-38.54)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,139.38,50.56)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="64.989998" y="-10.55"> ∑</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> E</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.6393328" y="0"> 年代</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.591001" y="0"> 年代</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.618168" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.781666" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.695105" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.908855" y="0"> ℎ</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="44.123089" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="51.749916" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,215.8,57.43)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,219.02,61.13)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,228.55,58.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ℎ</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,236.18,58.62)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.8499999" y="-2.51"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.539105" y="-2.51"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.879326" y="-2.51"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,263.98,58.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,267.2,58.62)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <g> <path d="m 204.37,53.68 68.68,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,222.84,41.81)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,232.37,38.68)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ℎ</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,240,41.81)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.25" y="-8.75"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="234.12" y="-8.75"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="238.28349" y="-8.75"> 7</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="244.535" y="-8.75"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg></span>和正常的近似当且仅当被认为是有效的<年代vghe我ght=”13。6375" id="M34" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:85.087502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 85.087502 13.6375" width="85.087502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.6375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.09)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> E</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.6393328" y="0"> 年代</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.591001" y="0"> 年代</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.542669" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.706167" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.619608" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.820854" y="0"> ℎ</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.035088" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="49.674419" y="0"> ≥</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="61.714809" y="0"> 5</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>。其他地区在尺度空间中被认为是不确定的,看到<一个href=”#B4">4</一个>为更多的细节。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba分位数的<年代vghe我ght=”9。875" id="M35" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:7.9124999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 7.9124999 9.875" width="7.9124999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,9.875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-64.1)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>必须小心使用正确的多个测试(<一个href=”#B4">4</一个>]。最直接的方法是假设<年代vghe我ght=”7。1374998" id="M36" style="vertical-align:-0.10033pt;width:11.225px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.225 7.1374998" width="11.225" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.1375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-66.29)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>这样分位数变成了独立测试<年代p一个ncl一个年代年代=”equation" id="eq3"> <svg height="39.587502" id="M37" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 39.587502" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,39.5875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-40.33)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,132.47,52.64)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.3019924" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.465491" y="0"> ℎ</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.679722" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.319056" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.359444" y="0"> Φ</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,181.38,57.64)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.99512" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,194.33,45.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.5500002" y="-15.55"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.564663" y="-15.55"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.917387" y="-15.55"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.080887" y="-15.55"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="41.108051" y="-15.55"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="52.448273" y="-15.55"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="59.499966" y="-15.55"> )</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,258,66.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> /</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <g> <path d="m 201.88,55.76 69.64,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,233.57,43.88)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.150002" y="-1.4299999"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="47.580002" y="-8.7600002"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="240.55" y="-8.7600002"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="244.7135" y="-8.7600002"> 8</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="250.965" y="-8.7600002"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg></span>在哪里<年代vghe我ght=”7。1750002" id="M38" style="vertical-align:-0.1254pt;width:8.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.9375 7.1750002" width="8.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.175)"> <g transform="translate(72,-66.26)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>信心水平和吗<年代vghe我ght=”13。45”我d="M39" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:31.049999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 31.049999 13.45" width="31.049999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.45)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> Φ</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.5397892" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.703288" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.579939" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>累积正态高斯分布。我们使用<年代vghe我ght=”11。1” id="M40" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:55.674999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 55.674999 11.1" width="55.674999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.1)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.12)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.515023" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.555412" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.806911" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.932661" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.184162" y="0"> 5</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>在。数量<年代vghe我ght=”13。5625” id="M41" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:61.137501px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 61.137501 13.5625" width="61.137501" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.5625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.15)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.41)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.340461" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.38085" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.25798" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.421478" y="0"> ℎ</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="44.635712" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>独立的测试是近似的<年代p一个ncl一个年代年代=”equation" id="eq4"> <svg height="34.387501" id="M42" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 34.387501" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,34.3875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-44.49)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,158.83,56.53)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="54.290001" y="-7.2600002"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.340461" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n></text> <g> <path d="m 184.42,59.66 69.18,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,184.42,47.78)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 一个</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.1512361" y="0"> v</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.402736" y="0"> g</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,202.07,44.62)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,205.31,47.78)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> E</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.6393328" y="0"> 年代</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.591001" y="0"> 年代</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.618168" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.781666" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.695105" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.908855" y="0"> ℎ</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="44.123089" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="49.48" y="-8.75"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="268.81" y="-8.75"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="272.97351" y="-8.75"> 9</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="279.22501" y="-8.75"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg></span>这个近似可以改进利用极值理论中描述(<一个href=”#B15">15</一个>),这是用于分析在当前的纸。其他方法来纠正存在多个测试,用于文学,如引导(<一个href=”#B4">4</一个>]或错误发现率(罗斯福)<一个href=”#B16">16</一个>],但结果通常非常类似发现的估计数量的独立测试,计算简单,我们在下面使用这种技术。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba因此,如果我们到达的置信区间包含零,我们认为没有明显的梯度,否则标签点作为重要的积极或消极的相应的梯度。给出的数据通常是作为一个家庭情节与缓和各种带宽一起筛选器图,表示每个点在尺度空间中根据假设检验的结果,或一个不同的名称为这些地区的有效样本量太小了。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba这里我们有考虑过我们一组的情况的观察<年代vghe我ght=”13。0125”我d="M43" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:9.0375004px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.0375004 13.0125" width="9.0375004" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.0125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.59)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.86)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-68.04,61.74)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>并希望评估一个潜在的分布<年代vghe我ght=”13。6125” id="M44" style="vertical-align:-2.34499pt;width:24.1px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 24.1 13.6125" width="24.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.6125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.11)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.9391651" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.102664" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.016103" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>。同样的方法可以应用于回归问题,如部分<一个href=”#sec4">4</一个>。在这种情况下,有一组观测<年代vghe我ght=”11。025” id="M45" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:11.9px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.9 11.025" width="11.9" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.025)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.18)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.75,63.32)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>在给定的时间<年代vghe我ght=”13。0125”我d="M46" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:9.0375004px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.0375004 13.0125" width="9.0375004" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.0125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.59)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.86)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-68.04,61.74)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>,我们希望在这些变化如何找到任何重要的结构。非参数回归包括使用一个内核和带宽(或范围)<年代vghe我ght=”10。95" id="M47" style="vertical-align:-0.1254pt;width:9.1374998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.1374998 10.95" width="9.1374998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.95)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.41)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ℎ</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>和计算曲线的估计在给定的时间<年代vghe我ght=”9。125”我d="M48" style="vertical-align:-0.11285pt;width:5.0124998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 5.0124998 9.125" width="5.0124998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,9.125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-64.7)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.86)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>只使用那些接近的数据点<年代vghe我ght=”9。125”我d="M49" style="vertical-align:-0.11285pt;width:5.0124998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 5.0124998 9.125" width="5.0124998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,9.125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-64.7)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.86)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>,亲密是定义的内核<年代vghe我ght=”14。7125” id="M50" style="vertical-align:-3.22282pt;width:34.275002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 34.275002 14.7125" width="34.275002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.23)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.42,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ℎ</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-56.87,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>。我们使用局部线性光滑<年代p一个ncl一个年代年代=”equation" id="EEq6"> <svg height="50.662498" id="M51" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 50.662498" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,50.6625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-31.47)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,72.75,50.54)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-0.72000003" y="2.72"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,80.47,44.69)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ℎ</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,88.1,47.82)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.703768" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.744158" y="0"> 一个</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.29549" y="0"> r</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.458988" y="0"> g</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="49.961987" y="0"> 米</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="59.689323" y="0"> 我</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="63.165157" y="0"> n</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,135.67,37.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="27.9" y="-26.389999"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,159.61,41.27)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,161.14,34.09)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.7169924" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,175.76,45.3)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.79" y="-2.52"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,186.75,44.69)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,192.75,47.82)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.35" y="2.52"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.560001" y="2.52"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="51.41" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.200001" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.23967" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.592392" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,248.07,44.69)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,254.07,47.82)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.26" y="2.52"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.111404" y="2.52"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.962809" y="2.52"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,285.82,55.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,290.69,47.82)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,300.22,44.69)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ℎ</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,307.85,45.3)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.8499999" y="-2.52"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,317.62,44.69)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,323.61,47.82)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.26" y="2.52"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="144.25999" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="148.42349" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="154.675" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="160.9265" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg></span>作为条件回归函数的估计<年代vghe我ght=”14。9375" id="M52" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:121.2625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 121.2625 14.9375" width="121.2625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.9375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.05)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.32)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.9391651" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.102664" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.016103" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.642933" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.683323" y="0"> E</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.322655" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="46.486153" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-19.26,60.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-12.56,63.32)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ∣</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.7891288" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-1.85,60.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,4.84,63.32)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.040389" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.953828" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>。使用衍生品<年代vghe我ght=”21。612499" id="M53" style="vertical-align:-3.22282pt;width:32.912498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 32.912498 21.612499" width="32.912498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,21.6125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-54.71)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.23,60.7)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-0.72000003" y="2.73"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.51,67.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="12.16"> ℎ</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-57.96,57.97)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>相同的框架,直方图平滑可以应用于构建尺度空间映射意义的时间序列。在这两种情况下产生的意义地图被称为筛选器地图,但我们将谨慎地指出当我们使用密度估计或内核回归。</p><h4gydF4y2Baid="aggregated-data">3所示。聚合数据</h4><p>gydF4y2Ba考虑到所有的病人,我们分析了多久他们记录了胰岛素,在一天的时间和总体趋势。在本节中,我们只关注的时间记录,而不是实际BGC价值。图<一个href=”http年代://www.newsama.com/journals/cmmm/2011/672039/fig1/" target="_blank">1</一个>显示所有BGC阅读由病人分布在24小时。这是由高斯平滑内核与带宽被返回的数据驱动的带宽Sheather-Jones算法(<一个href=”#B13">11</一个>导致带宽的51分钟。我们假定圆形统计避免午夜边缘不连续,尽管使用高斯分布而不是更合适但复杂·冯·米塞斯分配带宽远小于时期以来,这种·冯·米塞斯和高斯分布几乎相同。有时,鉴于读数<年代vghe我ght=”13。0125”我d="M54" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:9.0375004px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.0375004 13.0125" width="9.0375004" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.0125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.59)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.86)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-68.04,61.74)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>,<年代vghe我ght=”10。8625" id="M55" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt;width:66.574997px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 66.574997 10.8625" width="66.574997" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.8625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.31)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.3517642" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.392153" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.731653" y="0"> ⋯</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="41.38493" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>,光滑<年代p一个ncl一个年代年代=”equation" id="EEq7"> <svg height="50.662498" id="M56" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 50.662498" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,50.6625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-31.47)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,99.98,47.82)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,106.85,44.69)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ℎ</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,114.49,47.82)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.703768" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.607584" y="0"> l</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.08342" y="0"> 我</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.559254" y="0"> 米</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,142.24,40.23)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.8220158" y="0"> →</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="18.387953" y="0"> ∞</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,168.73,47.82)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,177.12,44.69)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="16.24" y="-19.07"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,188.97,41.27)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,184.99,34.16)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="30.15" y="-29.6"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.7435842" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.738704" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="16.733824" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,211.18,41.27)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,212.71,34.09)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.7169924" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,227.33,47.82)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,236.86,44.69)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ℎ</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,244.49,45.3)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.8499999" y="-2.52"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.539105" y="-2.52"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.879326" y="-2.52"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,272.29,44.69)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,278.29,47.82)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.42" y="2.52"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.116846" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.360001" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="189.58" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="193.7435" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="199.995" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="206.24651" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg></span>在哪里<年代vghe我ght=”10。8” id="M57" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:54.849998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 54.849998 10.8" width="54.849998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.8)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.36)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.41)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.890113" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.930502" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.182001" y="0"> 4</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.521503" y="0"> h</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>常数是正常化<年代p一个ncl一个年代年代=”equation" id="eq5"> <svg height="102.05" id="M58" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 102.05" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,102.05)"> <g transform="translate(72,9.64)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,39.68,45.18)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,48.07,42.06)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,59.41,45.18)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.290001" y="9.7299995"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,99.52,61.13)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,95.12,38.63)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,91.15,31.52)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="30.15" y="-29.610001"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.7435842" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.738704" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="16.733824" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,117.34,38.63)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,118.87,31.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.7169924" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,135.57,35.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.559999" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.860001" y="-18.98"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.2700005" y="-9.7299995"> e</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.821332" y="-9.7299995"> r</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.984831" y="-9.7299995"> f</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="43.029999" y="-18.969999"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="52.56979" y="-18.969999"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="63.922512" y="-18.969999"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="70.174011" y="-18.969999"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="76.41301" y="-18.969999"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="86.62796" y="-18.969999"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="97.968185" y="-18.969999"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,237.46,51.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <g> <path d="m 174.43,48.31 66.25,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,195.02,31.74)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ℎ</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.21" y="-0.69"> √</t年代p一个n></text> <g> <path d="m 213.84,44.18 6.25,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,213.84,31.74)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.030001" y="-3.71"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="71.550003" y="-3.71"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.91" y="-13.44"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="52.250221" y="-13.44"> e</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="57.801552" y="-13.44"> r</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="61.965054" y="-13.44"> f</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="82.849998" y="-22.68"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="89.626625" y="-22.68"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="99.829071" y="-22.68"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="111.1693" y="-22.68"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,328.93,51.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <g> <path d="m 296.69,48.31 35.46,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,301.88,31.74)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ℎ</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.2199998" y="-0.69"> √</t年代p一个n></text> <g> <path d="m 320.7,44.18 6.25,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,320.7,31.74)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.64" y="-3.71"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.742424" y="-3.71"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.006907" y="-3.71"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,365.16,66.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.99512" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,376.03,45.18)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-251.28999" y="43.150002"> e</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-245.73866" y="43.150002"> r</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-241.57516" y="43.150002"> f</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-231.99786" y="43.150002"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-227.83437" y="43.150002"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-220.95772" y="43.150002"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-213.31839" y="43.150002"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-201.2905" y="43.150002"> 2</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-195.039" y="43.150002"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,188.61,7.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.99512" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.37112" y="0"> /</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="12.804176" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,208.37,-5.67)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,215.37,16.05)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="-1.25" y="25.52"> 0</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,222.77,2.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.219999" y="2.52"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> e</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.551332" y="0"> x</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.802832" y="0"> p</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.07" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.634556" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,267.02,7.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,271.89,-0.49)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.9400001" y="-2.52"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.591596" y="-2.52"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="195.98" y="-28.540001"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="200.14349" y="-28.540001"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="206.395" y="-28.540001"> 2</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="212.6465" y="-28.540001"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg></span>是标准的误差函数。这占了边缘效应,确保连续分布在午夜。自相关带宽,通过建设问题,远低于,<年代vghe我ght=”11。2” id="M59" style="vertical-align:-0.32603pt;width:44.037498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 44.037498 11.2" width="44.037498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.2)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.04)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.41)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ℎ</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.677562" y="0"> ≪</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.818695" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>从术语的贡献<年代vghe我ght=”11。0625" id="M60" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt;width:39.237499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 39.237499 11.0625" width="39.237499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.15)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.990617" y="0"> ></t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.031006" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>将是微不足道的。因此,我们使用<年代vghe我ght=”10。6875" id="M61" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:39.237499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 39.237499 10.6875" width="39.237499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.6875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.45)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.990617" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.031006" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>,比如求和<年代vghe我ght=”10。7375" id="M62" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt;width:8.6000004px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.6000004 10.7375" width="8.6000004" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.7375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.41)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>只延伸到邻近的节点(<年代vghe我ght=”12。8875" id="M63" style="vertical-align:-1.76814pt;width:75.162498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 75.162498 12.8875" width="75.162498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.8875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.69)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.239957" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.280346" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.8449" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.096401" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.31015" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="48.561653" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="53.762901" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>),只考虑<年代vghe我ght=”11。175" id="M64" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt;width:77.650002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 77.650002 11.175" width="77.650002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.175)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.06)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.41)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.7148314" y="0"> <</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.75522" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.144493" y="0"> <</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="41.184883" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="47.436382" y="0"> 4</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="55.763378" y="0"> h</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>。有一个明显的峰值在上午7时左右,之后快速下降,在稳步下降。这反映了大多数患者需要一个BGC阅读在早上按医疗建议。一些测量完成了一天的人数稳步下降,直到午夜。</p><gydF4y2Badiv class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig1"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig1"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="672039.fig.001" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cmmm/volume-2011/672039/figures/672039.fig.001.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图1</年代p一个n><一个一个r我一个-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cmmm/2011/672039/fig1/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <svg height="14.7125" id="M65" style="vertical-align:-3.22282pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 30.9625 14.7125" width="30.9625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.23)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ℎ</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-59.53,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg> <svg height="10.95" id="M66" style="vertical-align:-0.1254pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 24.1875 10.95" width="24.1875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.95)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.41)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ℎ</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.677562" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg> <table> 实线显示密度估计gydF4y2Ba从完整的队列,数据,并显示读数是如何传播。我们使用的高斯核平滑数据驱动的带宽51gydF4y2Ba分钟。虚线显示内核扩展的可见性。所有数据被视为圆形统计数据。</t一个ble></div> </div> </div> <p>图的上半部分<一个href=”http年代://www.newsama.com/journals/cmmm/2011/672039/fig2/" target="_blank">2</一个>我们展示一个家庭的所有阅读整个试用期使用与高斯核密度估计内核光滑和不同的带宽<年代vghe我ght=”10。95" id="M67" style="vertical-align:-0.1254pt;width:9.1374998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.1374998 10.95" width="9.1374998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.95)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.41)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ℎ</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>。我们选择带宽的范围,这样我们捕获所有相关的范围内,也就是说,从最小的规模,发现有一个意义,全面的数据。显然,在最大的大多数数据集的特点是平滑,而最小的带宽显示虚假的特性,不太可能支持的数据集。然而,忽略了falloffs结束,出现一些重要的特性。阅读有很大的下降在圣诞节的时候,一段时间,有规律的计划往往会被改变。出现同样的效果,但在夏天用更少的突起。早期的突然增加是由于研究开始的,之后,这有一个稳定的读数下降。这可以归因于病人发现新技术和产品的效果令人兴奋和最初更频繁地使用它,而累人的经过一段。</p><gydF4y2Badiv class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig2"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig2"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="672039.fig.002" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cmmm/volume-2011/672039/figures/672039.fig.002.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图2</年代p一个n><一个一个r我一个-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cmmm/2011/672039/fig2/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <svg height="10.95" id="M68" style="vertical-align:-0.1254pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 24.1875 10.95" width="24.1875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.95)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.41)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 一个„Ž</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.677562" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg> <table> 上图:一个家庭的情节密度估计BGC读数的时间在整个项目期间的全部人群中。每一行是一个高斯核光滑与增加带宽。粗线对应于数据驱动的带宽,8。7天。底:筛选器图中数据的上层人物。在从亮到暗阴影这些对应(i)显著负梯度,(ii)没有明显的梯度,(3)没有足够的数据推断(不出现在这个特定的地图),及(iv)重要积极的梯度。水平线与数据驱动的带宽以粗体显示的上面板。冲白线的可视化带宽在每个规模的4倍。</t一个ble></div> </div> </div> <p>这样的探索功能,出现在不同的尺度是理想的筛选器的方法。探索空间与时间尺度和规模相关的轴,每个点是根据标签(i)显著负梯度,(ii)没有明显的梯度,(iii)没有足够的数据推断,(iv)显著正梯度。完整的地图,称为筛选器地图,图的下半部分所示<一个href=”http年代://www.newsama.com/journals/cmmm/2011/672039/fig2/" target="_blank">2</一个>。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba筛选器图显示了整个负面趋势在最初陡峭的积极趋势,和两个频率的减少也可见光区域紧随其后的是一个黑暗的区域。这些出现在不同的尺度和尺度空间方法是唯一的方法来检测这种情况下前后一致地。</p><h4gydF4y2Baid="blood-glucose-concentration-data">4所示。血糖浓度数据</h4><p>gydF4y2Ba在本节中,我们切换到BGC的分析值达到个别病人,在本文的其余部分,我们关注病人的一个子集。只有病人记录BGC至少每天一次总和至少一个周期250天不间断的连续至少30天的天录音。这将确保只包括病人记录BGC重要的一段时间中进一步分析和树叶在分析五个病人。所有这些病人记录BGC 2008年11月1日到2009年10月13日,我们将使用这些病人。此外,我们有一个病人,不记录BGC最后一段的一部分,但仍有一些有趣的记录结构。考虑每个病人BGC的记录在一个特定时间,我们得到一个时间序列BGC值。SiZer情节为每个这些病人BGC值回归分析如图<一个href=”http年代://www.newsama.com/journals/cmmm/2011/672039/fig3/" target="_blank">3</一个>。</p><gydF4y2Badiv class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig3"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig3"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="672039.fig.003a" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cmmm/volume-2011/672039/figures/672039.fig.003a.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="672039.fig.003b" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cmmm/volume-2011/672039/figures/672039.fig.003b.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="672039.fig.003c" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cmmm/volume-2011/672039/figures/672039.fig.003c.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="672039.fig.003d" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cmmm/volume-2011/672039/figures/672039.fig.003d.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="672039.fig.003e" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cmmm/volume-2011/672039/figures/672039.fig.003e.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="672039.fig.003f" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cmmm/volume-2011/672039/figures/672039.fig.003f.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs fig-thumbs-fig3"> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label=""><img alt="" name="672039.fig.003a" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cmmm/volume-2011/672039/figures/672039.fig.003a.jpg"><br><strong></strong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label=""><img alt="" name="672039.fig.003b" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cmmm/volume-2011/672039/figures/672039.fig.003b.jpg"><br><strong></strong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label=""><img alt="" name="672039.fig.003c" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cmmm/volume-2011/672039/figures/672039.fig.003c.jpg"><br><strong></strong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label=""><img alt="" name="672039.fig.003d" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cmmm/volume-2011/672039/figures/672039.fig.003d.jpg"><br><strong></strong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label=""><img alt="" name="672039.fig.003e" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cmmm/volume-2011/672039/figures/672039.fig.003e.jpg"><br><strong></strong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label=""><img alt="" name="672039.fig.003f" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cmmm/volume-2011/672039/figures/672039.fig.003f.jpg"><br><strong></strong></button> </div> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev fig-nav-fig3"> <button class="carousel-prev" aria-label="Previous"></button> <button class="carousel-next" aria-label="Next"></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图3</年代p一个n><一个一个r我一个-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cmmm/2011/672039/fig3/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> 家庭光滑和筛选器块内核回归BGC值6病人记录BGC可靠地从2008年11月1日到2009年10月13日,除了病人没有。6,记录了2009年4月20日。</t一个ble></div> </div> </div> <p>有许多特性出现在筛选器的情节从BGC读数不明显。病人没有。1,没有。6在大尺度上有上升趋势,病人没有。在大尺度上2有明显下降的趋势,而所有其他病人没有如此规模的趋势。重要的是要注意,许多特性,表现为显著的家庭情节并不重要,而真正重要的特性可以模糊数据。病人没有。6是一个特例,没有可靠地记录BGC 2009年4月20日之后,但有一个明确的向上飙升在2月底3月初。这个病人报告了流感感染病例在这一时期,这是提高BGC在许多病人,是明确的识别在这种奇异的情况下。同时,所有患者除了没有。 5 has a significant increase in BGC in late December, though there is not always a corresponding significant decrease back to a normal level. It is likely that this reflects the change in diet in this period, confounded by a relative sparsity in the recordings.</p><p>一个有趣的问题是,是否存在任何关联的可靠性记录为病人和他们的BGC读数。然而,独立分析12个病人,总的来说,我们发现几乎没有证据表明这样的相关性。为此,我们有视觉和定量调查读数之间的平均间隔之间的关系在一段时间内,如果有偏离BGC值的一般模式。</p><h4我d="periodograms">5。周期图</h4><p>gydF4y2Ba上述同样的想法可以用在频率空间检测显著周期的研究在不同尺度<一个href=”#B6">6</一个>]。然而,这种技术只有均匀采样数据的开发,而这里的情况显然不是这样。然而,我们可以做一个Lomb-Scargle周期图(<一个href=”#B17">17</一个>),做推理,虽然不是一个真正的规模空间的想法。对于一个时间序列<年代vghe我ght=”16。637501" id="M69" style="vertical-align:-4.77652pt;width:63.075001px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 63.075001 16.637501" width="63.075001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.6375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-58.69)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-57.17,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.904535" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.068035" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-30.18,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-25.75,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>的Lomb-Scargle周期图是<年代p一个ncl一个年代年代=”equation" id="EEq8"> <svg height="119.2875" id="M70" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 119.2875" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,119.2875)"> <g transform="translate(72,23.43)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,87.45,47.15)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="51.040001" y="-7.25"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.37773" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.541229" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.055773" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.695105" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n></text> <g> <path d="m 132.39,50.27 18.46,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,132.39,35.16)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.4140391" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.2515001" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,145.98,41.47)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,154.13,59.21)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ⎧</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="5.1199999"> ⎪</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="15.25"> ⎨</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="25.379999"> ⎪</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="30.440001"> ⎩</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.1999998" y="3.22"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.99" y="0.73000002"> ∑</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,179.55,54.8)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,186.06,55.99)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.8499999" y="-2.51"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,198.78,55.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,205.99,58.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n></text> <g> <path d="m 217.33,66.9 6.88,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,217.33,58.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.8800001" y="2.51"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="44.169998" y="2.51"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="50.02" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.82" y="0"> c</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.371332" y="0"> o</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.622831" y="0"> 年代</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.561996" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,271.26,55.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,278.47,58.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.327718" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.74" y="2.51"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.591404" y="2.51"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,306.85,66.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> <g> <path d="m 163.33,50.27 148.4,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,192.2,36.55)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ∑</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,203.63,32.87)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,208.06,36.57)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> c</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.551332" y="0"> o</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.802832" y="0"> 年代</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,226.81,40.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,231.68,36.57)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.6" y="2.51"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.450001" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,252.05,33.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,259.25,36.57)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.75" y="2.51"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-100.44" y="41.57"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-90.68" y="32.73"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-85.889999" y="30.24"> ∑</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,184.79,2.65)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,191.3,3.84)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.8499999" y="-2.51"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,204.03,3.23)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,211.23,6.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n></text> <g> <path d="m 222.58,14.76 6.87,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,222.58,6.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.8699999" y="2.51"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.080002" y="2.51"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="47.93" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.81" y="0"> 年代</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.673668" y="0"> 我</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.149502" y="0"> n</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.4765" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,274.43,3.23)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,281.63,6.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.75" y="2.51"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.601404" y="2.51"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,310.02,13.89)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> <g> <path d="m 168.57,-1.87 146.32,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,197.45,-15.96)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ∑</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,208.87,-19.64)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,213.3,-15.93)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 年代</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.863667" y="0"> 我</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.3395014" y="0"> n</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,229.98,-10.68)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,234.85,-15.93)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.6" y="2.52"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.450001" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,255.21,-19.06)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,262.42,-15.93)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.74" y="2.52"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="53.669998" y="-23"> ⎫</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="53.669998" y="-17.870001"> ⎪</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="53.669998" y="-7.7399998"> ⎬</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="53.669998" y="2.3800001"> ⎪</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="53.669998" y="7.5100002"> ⎭</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="63.75" y="-10.93"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="205.45" y="-37.09"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="209.61349" y="-37.09"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="215.86501" y="-37.09"> 3</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="222.1165" y="-37.09"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg></span>在哪里<年代p一个ncl一个年代年代=”equation" id="EEq9"> <svg height="44.474998" id="M71" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 44.474998" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,44.475)"> <g transform="translate(72,-36.42)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,144.53,51.08)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="64.610001" y="-11.33"> ∑</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> t</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="3.4758339" y="0"> 一个</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.0271664" y="0"> n</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.366667" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.530167" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.781666" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.296207" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.697746" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="50.324574" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,220.56,58.73)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,227.08,62.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 年代</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.863667" y="0"> 我</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.3395014" y="0"> n</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.666498" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.917999" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.432543" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,262.43,59.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <g> <path d="m 208.1,54.21 59.8,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,208.1,41.78)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ∑</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,219.53,38.11)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,226.04,41.81)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> c</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.551332" y="0"> o</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.802832" y="0"> 年代</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.741997" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.993498" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.508041" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,263.47,38.68)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,269.09,51.08)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="198.78" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="202.9435" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="209.19499" y="0"> 4</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="215.4465" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg></span> <svg height="12.3125" id="M72" style="vertical-align:-0.11285pt;width:8.7250004px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.7250004 12.3125" width="8.7250004" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.3125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.15)"> <g> <path d="m -71.95,70.71 6.88,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,62.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>和<年代vghe我ght=”15。575” id="M73" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:15.3875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 15.3875 15.575" width="15.3875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,15.575)"> <g transform="translate(72,-59.54)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.78,59.73)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-0.16253901" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.61,66.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>样本均值和方差的吗<年代vghe我ght=”12。975" id="M74" style="vertical-align:-4.77652pt;width:14.25px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 14.25 12.975" width="14.25" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.975)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.62)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>分别和所有金额(<一个href=”#EEq8">13</一个>)- (<一个href=”#EEq9">14</一个>运行在所有<年代vghe我ght=”13。6125” id="M75" style="vertical-align:-2.34499pt;width:79.375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 79.375 13.6125" width="79.375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.6125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.11)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.3269978" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.367388" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.618887" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.832638" y="0"> …</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="46.411137" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="51.624886" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>。改变参数<年代vghe我ght=”6。8874998" id="M76" style="vertical-align:-0.0627pt;width:8.125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.125 6.8874998" width="8.125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,6.8875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-66.49)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>介绍了确保周期图独立于一个偏移量。这种技术相当于一个最小二乘适合一个正弦<年代vghe我ght=”13。6625" id="M77" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:123.6875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 123.6875 13.6625" width="123.6875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.6625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.07)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.41)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.1271896" y="0"> c</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.678522" y="0"> o</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.930021" y="0"> 年代</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.045189" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.559731" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="47.248837" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="58.601563" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="67.653732" y="0"> 年代</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="72.517403" y="0"> 我</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="75.993233" y="0"> n</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="86.420738" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="94.93528" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>。最多的病人病人没有记录在我们的数据集。3在上一节,记录BGC 390天,共有1014名。对这个病人的Lomb-Scargle周期图如图<一个href=”http年代://www.newsama.com/journals/cmmm/2011/672039/fig4/" target="_blank">4</一个>。的意义可以近似周期图的峰值(<一个href=”#B18">18</一个>]<gydF4y2Ba年代p一个ncl一个年代年代=”equation" id="eq6"> <svg height="15.9875" id="M78" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 15.9875" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,15.9875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-59.21)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,142.95,63.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> p</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.2515001" y="0"> r</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.339981" y="0"> o</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.59148" y="0"> b</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.91848" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.081978" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.47221" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="44.635712" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="53.150253" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="60.777084" y="0"> ></t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="72.817474" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="79.056473" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="86.695801" y="0"> ≈</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="98.736191" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="111.3017" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,259.82,68.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.99512" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,270.68,63.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="197.19" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="201.3535" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="207.605" y="0"> 5</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="213.85651" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg></span>在哪里<年代vghe我ght=”10。325" id="M79" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:17.237499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.237499 10.325" width="17.237499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>是有效的样本大小,过采样。在图的重要性水平<一个href=”http年代://www.newsama.com/journals/cmmm/2011/672039/fig4/" target="_blank">4</一个>通过蒙特卡罗分析已确认。这个病人有三个明显的峰值,最重要的是在85天,最重要的12个小时,并在24小时内一个中间。后者是最容易解释为一个明显的周期超过一天。</p><gydF4y2Badiv class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig4"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig4"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="672039.fig.004" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cmmm/volume-2011/672039/figures/672039.fig.004.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图4</年代p一个n><一个一个r我一个-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cmmm/2011/672039/fig4/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cmmm/2011/672039/fig3/">3</一个><年代vghe我ght=”13.6125" id="M80" style="vertical-align:-2.34499pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 22.8375 13.6125" width="22.8375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.6125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.11)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.2515001" y="0"> /</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.727334" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg> <svg height="10.9125" id="M81" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 74.125 10.9125" width="74.125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-67.78,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.929062" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.145454" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.271202" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.522701" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="48.774204" y="0"> 8</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg> <svg height="10.9125" id="M82" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 76.724998 10.9125" width="76.724998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.941565" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.145454" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.271202" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.522701" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="48.774204" y="0"> 8</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="55.025703" y="0"> 8</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg> <svg height="14.3375" id="M83" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 101.725 14.3375" width="101.725" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.53)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,60.76)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.941565" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.145454" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.396954" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.522701" y="0"> 6</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="51.54987" y="0"> ⋅</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="57.901394" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="64.152893" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-1.54,65.93)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.99512" y="0"> 5</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg> <table> Lomb-Scargle周期图对病人没有。3在图gydF4y2Ba。所示的重要性水平是近似的。这个病人有三个明显的峰值与时间周期图gydF4y2Ba等于85天,一天,12小时和各自的重要性水平gydF4y2Ba,,ggydF4y2BaydF4y2Ba。周期图是绘制四倍过采样的平均奈奎斯特频率和五倍。</t一个ble></div> </div> </div> <p>同样的模式出现其他病人,其中一个长期的分量和24 h分量。大多数病人也有12 h分量,虽然有些病人这并不出现。注意,光谱图是在更大的尺度比奈奎斯特频率的频率<年代vghe我ght=”10。9125" id="M84" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:31.387501px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 31.387501 10.9125" width="31.387501" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.2515001" y="0"> /</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.727334" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.978834" y="0"> Δ</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>,<年代vghe我ght=”10。6625" id="M85" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:11.4125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.4125 10.6625" width="11.4125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.6625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.47)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.52)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> Δ</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>被平均读数之间的间隔。这是不均匀取样的一个特色,允许unaliased谱图在高频率。长期/低频率分量可能出现由于积极的自相关时间间隔小。</p><h4我d="conclusions-and-future-work">6。结论和未来的工作</h4><p>gydF4y2Ba我们展示了尺度空间方法如何发展在过去的十年里一起信息在频率空间可以用来探索糖尿病患者在BGC变化特性。这些技术定量地回答的数据集的功能真的存在统计学上有意义的方式,即使只出现在特定范围内的紧急特性。该技术避免了带宽选择通过调查同时尺度的问题。是很有价值的技术甚至对患者和医生评估的影响生活方式的改变,药物治疗,或医疗方面的耐心。因此,许多重要的功能,本文探讨了仍然无法解释,因为没有访问病史的病人,和任何结论是初步的。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba移动平台的工作将继续进一步,将部署在1型糖尿病患者。这些有更严重的条件和记录他们的BGC更频繁和治疗这种疾病通常与更高的警惕性。因此,这些病人的数据集可能包含更多的信息在他们的处境,和做一个预测分析是有用的,可以使用由患者来量化他们的疾病和易于管理。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba在贝叶斯框架下,一个人可以承担病人的BGC价值之前,与单独可调参数,然后根据信息预计食物摄入,运动,和其他混杂变量使病人BGC的后验分布。抽样可以通过高斯马尔可夫随机域(<一个href=”#B19">19</一个>)、马尔可夫链蒙特卡罗或其他相关技术。</p><h4gydF4y2Baid="acknowledgments">确认</h4><p>gydF4y2Ba作者非常感谢博士“Arsand提供访问数据集,并提供洞察到纸上。同时,他们感谢挪威北部地区卫生行政部门(Helse北部RHF)资助和支持的研究项目,特别是3919 / HST952-10项目ID。执行研究作为Tromsø远程医疗实验室的一部分,TTL。所有的病人在使用焦点小组<我>很少联系</我>系统承认他们的参与。匿名裁判纸已经帮助改善它。</p></gydF4y2Badiv> <div class="xml-content"> <h4 class="references" id="references">引用</h4><ol><l我我d="B1">p . 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class="journal_article__ArticleStickyTopToolbar-sc-12fk6zy-0 gbrQxi article_sticky_top_toolbar"> <div class="sc-cBdUnI hRnXob article_top_toolbar"> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-jtRfpW dIjoCg sc-exkUMo hymroZ pdf_desktop button__group" href="https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/cmmm/2011/672039.pdf" aria-label="" target="_blank" id="toolbar__dcNavSmall"><span><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl sc-kTUwUJ eujois" title="" role="presentation" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/next_assets/wyT4heYybLmt1UEJexPE9/_next/static/node_modules/hindawi-ui/src/icon/svg/pdf.svg" height="24"><span class="text">PDF</年代p一个n></年代p一个n><span class="sc-htoDjs bqeMOy sc-dqBHgY cQgXqt fileArrow icon-colored _3P4iUn1NDM5G77nWCamJ4l icon-themeable" title="" font-size="20"></span></a> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-jtRfpW dIjoCg sc-kcDeIU cbcyj ref_desktop" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cmmm/2011/672039.ris" aria-label="" target="" id="toolbar__dcNavLarge"><span><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl 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src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="24"><span class="text">下载引用</年代p一个n></年代p一个n><span class="sc-htoDjs bqeMOy sc-dqBHgY cQgXqt fileArrow icon-colored _3P4iUn1NDM5G77nWCamJ4l icon-themeable" title="" font-size="20"></span></a> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-jtRfpW dIjoCg sc-BngTV hmDWcT ref_desktop" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cmmm/2011/672039.ris" aria-label="" target="" id="toolbar__dcNavSmall"><span><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl sc-kTUwUJ eujois" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="24"><span class="text">引用</年代p一个n></年代p一个n><span class="sc-htoDjs bqeMOy sc-dqBHgY cQgXqt fileArrow icon-colored _3P4iUn1NDM5G77nWCamJ4l icon-themeable" title="" font-size="20"></span></a> </div> </div> <div class="journal_article__ArticleStickyBottomToolbar-sc-12fk6zy-1 isgRZA article_sticky_bottom_toolbar"> <div class="sc-cTjmhe ihmyEq article_bottom_toolbar"> <div class="sc-cugefK itFKcQ accordion" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8" id="toolbar__dofNav"> <span><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl sc-bfYoXt cGuwDn" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="24"><span class="sc-dRFtgE jrsDZP">下载其他格式</年代p一个n><年代p一个ncl一个年代s="sc-gkFcWv gWTCXQ">更多的</年代p一个n></年代p一个n> <span class="sc-htoDjs bMdQcY sc-gbOuXE jGPvPL icon-colored _1CwL9R82TPl2HxDleeYGDR icon-themeable" title="" font-size="11"></span> </div> <div class="sc-fnwBNb etzuBr"> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-iNhVCk gWgCNb open_panel" href="//www.newsama.com/downloads/journals/cmmm/2011/672039.xml" aria-label="XML" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"> <div class="sc-eAKXzc WHkfb"> XML</gydF4y2Badiv><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl sc-bfYoXt cGuwDn" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" 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height="24"><span class="sc-dRFtgE jrsDZP">订单打印副本</年代p一个n><年代p一个ncl一个年代s="sc-gkFcWv gWTCXQ">订单</年代p一个n></年代p一个n><span class="sc-htoDjs kNoiZu sc-gbOuXE jGPvPL right__icon icon-colored _32KP5uexH-Bgs7Kj8Gk1Tz icon-themeable" title="" font-size="16"></span></a> <div class="sc-hBbWxd kdRRST"> <div class="sc-dyGzUR cHatnS"> <div> 的观点<年代p一个n>2345年年</年代p一个n></div> <div> 下载<年代p一个n>519年年</年代p一个n></div> </div> <div> <div class="sc-drKuOJ kxdGAZ"> <span class="__dimensions_badge_embed__" data-doi="10.1155/2011/672039" data-style="small_circle"></span>引用</gydF4y2Badiv> </div> </div> <nav class="sc-bRBYWo fXBKFa sc-hUfwpO jHPgUP" id="toolbar__iconNav"> <h3 class="sc-Rmtcm hNPrIr">分享文章</h3><gydF4y2Baul class="sc-hzDkRC bnbfTS"> <li class="iconBorder"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link" href="https://twitter.com/share?url=https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/672039&via=Hindawi" aria-label="Sharing on Twitter" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl socialTwitter" title="" 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