超极化和兴奋性如何影响传播通过一个虚拟的阳极的心</t我tle> <link href="//www.newsama.com/static/themes/hindawi/base.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://static-01.hindawi.com/next_assets/wyT4heYybLmt1UEJexPE9/static/lib/basictable.css" rel="stylesheet" media="none" class="next-head"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://static-01.hindawi.com/next_assets/wyT4heYybLmt1UEJexPE9/static/lib/owl.carousel.min.css" media="none" class="next-head"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://static-01.hindawi.com/next_assets/wyT4heYybLmt1UEJexPE9/static/lib/owl.theme.default.min.css" media="none" class="next-head"> <link rel="preload" type="text/css" href="https://cdn.bibblio.org/rcm/4.24/bib-related-content.min.css" as="style" class="next-head"> <link rel="preload" type="text/css" href="https://cdn.bibblio.org/rcm/4.24/bib-related-content.min.css" as="style" class="next-head"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://static-01.hindawi.com/next_assets/wyT4heYybLmt1UEJexPE9/_next/static/css/common.835aedbf.chunk.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://static-01.hindawi.com/next_assets/wyT4heYybLmt1UEJexPE9/_next/static/css/static/wyT4heYybLmt1UEJexPE9/pages/journal_article.js.6cbeea55.chunk.css"> <style data-styled="NQpXC gnduKR jzXSTA bNmdOy epRoim bUhGXt gjctdt jGJLow kAzjOl ivbKJD fopjOz hbVEoI khbeDd gvAGTV kNoiZu diutvq bqeMOy bMdQcY ldSkVQ cmzomn fJLQxX kuxTps prcY bJcSpM elhyhe fTkdCR jCfZqq EwsTm hYnXNL hGCBfz dfaOeH jOLhQl TsaZF iiusBg cqhPZs gaRePw dEfJbW eBepOs fSPaCp bVEEaH etauus ctePXh gCIfTO hHKuAX dIjoCg jUTgTa eujois cQgXqt ewCAZX kdvWPs hAFFGk lkWWFY ehYbwJ legory epgILe kCfRMJ bjwAQR byflLi jXeALb UVThf dDyxFF fkVFlF dzZrgS jLUVhb dVCLgr bBmZJZ ewHMLz bbzREB jknsZc eSvjPB jntdRu hAzjHP mBGSe bkiEfx ztvYg cUsFHx duuwge lcOiDF gsmOCv kPshFw kEVvRd jZOxOO eHMFfo XkrFe irNWJI dMuGGA kfDwZY evMkvU fYrLtk fjviok hgKieC cIribm khHUcu gvEcCq dbAANp eyHfWh cBTaXT becpDt hFGNjP jzTMLK gbrQxi hRnXob hymroZ cbcyj hmDWcT isgRZA ihmyEq itFKcQ cGuwDn jrsDZP gWTCXQ jGPvPL etzuBr gWgCNb WHkfb ibWUzs kdRRST cHatnS kxdGAZ jHPgUP fXBKFa hNPrIr bnbfTS cYsVdk inBNwS dkutRV hlGpbO filPdg ecHxGW gCiATD eEFYIL dsXEHZ iXKuYd" data-styled-version="4.4.1"> /* sc-component-id: sc-bdVaJa */ .EwsTm{height:200vh;width:100%;position:fixed;z-index:1;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.8);} .EwsTm.isHide{display:none;} @media (min-width:768px) and (max-width:991px){} @media (min-width:992px){.EwsTm{display:none;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-htpNat */ .bUhGXt{color:black;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;border-radius:5px;font-size:16px;} .bUhGXt:focus-visible{outline-width:3px;outline-color:#8fc9ff;outline-style:solid;} /* sc-component-id: sc-bxivhb */ .ivbKJD{display:inline-block;} /* sc-component-id: sc-ifAKCX */ .fopjOz{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;-webkit-flex:wrap;-ms-flex:wrap;flex:wrap;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;list-style-type:none;margin:0;padding:0;} .fopjOz li{padding:0 10px;} .fopjOz li a{padding:0;} .fopjOz a{-webkit-transition:border .25s ease-in-out 0s;transition:border .25s ease-in-out 0s;border-bottom:2px solid #fff;border-radius:0;} .fopjOz a:hover{border-bottom:2px solid #9b9b9b;padding-bottom:4px;} .fopjOz .active{border-bottom:2px solid #57a61e;} /* sc-component-id: sc-EHOje */ .jOLhQl{vertical-align:middle;height:24px;}.TsaZF{vertical-align:middle;height:40px;}.iiusBg{vertical-align:middle;height:16px;} /* sc-component-id: sc-bZQynM */ .bNmdOy{max-width:1440px;margin:0 auto;width:100%;} /* sc-component-id: sc-htoDjs */ .khbeDd{vertical-align:middle;font-size:24px;}.gvAGTV{vertical-align:middle;font-size:9px;}.kNoiZu{vertical-align:middle;font-size:16px;}.diutvq{vertical-align:middle;font-size:22px;}.bqeMOy{vertical-align:middle;font-size:20px;}.bMdQcY{vertical-align:middle;font-size:11px;} /* sc-component-id: sc-fjdhpX */ .jzXSTA{position:fixed;top:0;left:0;right:0;z-index:1000;background:#fff;height:70px;font-size:16px;font-weight:500;border-bottom:1px solid #e3e3e3;-webkit-transition:all 0.5s;transition:all 0.5s;} @media (max-width:991px){.jzXSTA{border-bottom:1px solid #e3e3e3;}} @media (max-width:767px){.jzXSTA{margin-bottom:70px;height:60px;}} .jzXSTA .header__padding{padding:0 20px;box-sizing:border-box;} @media (max-width:991px){.jzXSTA .header__padding{padding:0 0 0 20px;}} .jzXSTA .menu{position:fixed;top:60px;right:0;width:100%;background:white;} @media (max-width:991px){.jzXSTA .menu{z-index:2;}} @media (min-width:768px){.jzXSTA .menu{width:500px;top:70px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.jzXSTA .menu{display:none;}} .jzXSTA .menu ul{list-style-type:none;text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;} @media (min-width:768px){.jzXSTA .menu ul{padding:0;border-left:1px solid #e3e3e3;}} .jzXSTA .menu ul li a{color:#4a4a4a;padding:10px;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:block;border-bottom:1px solid #e3e3e3;} .jzXSTA .menu .button_wrap{width:90%;margin:10px auto;border-radius:5px;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;} @media (min-width:768px){.jzXSTA .menu .button_wrap{display:none;}} .jzXSTA .menu .button__publishing{background-color:#6ba439;color:#fff;border-color:#6ba439;} .jzXSTA .menu .button__login{display:none;background-color:#fff;color:#4D8A17;border-color:#e3e3e3;} .jzXSTA.headerUp{-webkit-transform:translateY(-100%);-ms-transform:translateY(-100%);transform:translateY(-100%);} /* sc-component-id: sc-jzJRlG */ .jGJLow{-webkit-box-pack:end;-webkit-justify-content:flex-end;-ms-flex-pack:end;justify-content:flex-end;} .jGJLow a{padding:10px;} .jGJLow nav{-webkit-align-self:center;-ms-flex-item-align:center;align-self:center;} @media (max-width:991px){.jGJLow nav{display:none;}} .jGJLow nav ul{margin-right:16px;} .jGJLow nav ul li a{color:#4a4a4a;padding:10px 0px 4px;margin:0 6px;} @media (max-width:991px){.jGJLow .icon-themeable{border-left:1px solid #e3e3e3;padding:23px 20px;}} @media (max-width:767px){.jGJLow .icon-themeable{padding:18px 20px;}} @media (max-width:767.5px){.jGJLow.mobileButtonFlex{-ms-flex:0 0 51%;-webkit-flex:0 0 51%;-ms-flex:0 0 51%;flex:0 0 51%;max-width:51%;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-cSHVUG */ .ldSkVQ{display:none;padding:0;background-color:#fff;border:none;height:59px;} @media (min-width:768px){.ldSkVQ{height:69px;}} .ldSkVQ img{box-sizing:content-box;width:28px;padding:17px 20px;} @media (min-width:768px){.ldSkVQ img{padding:22px 20px;}} @media (max-width:991px){.ldSkVQ{display:inline-block;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-kAzzGY */ .epRoim a{display:inline-block;padding:15px 0;} @media (max-width:767px){.epRoim a{padding:10px 0;}} @media (max-width:767.5px){.epRoim.mobileLogoFlex{-ms-flex:0 0 49%;-webkit-flex:0 0 49%;-ms-flex:0 0 49%;flex:0 0 49%;max-width:49%;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-chPdSV */ .hbVEoI{border:none;height:50px;background-color:#fff;margin:10px 0 0 17px;position:relative;} @media (max-width:991.5px){.hbVEoI{margin:0 3px 0 16px;padding:0;height:69px;}} @media (max-width:767.5px){.hbVEoI{height:59px;}} .hbVEoI img{box-sizing:content-box;} .hbVEoI .icon__cross{width:24px;height:24px;} @media (min-width:768px){.hbVEoI .icon__cross{padding:23px 20px;}} @media (min-width:992px){.hbVEoI .icon__cross{padding:0px;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-ckVGcZ */ .gjctdt{vertical-align:middle;height:39px;} @media (max-width:401px){.gjctdt{max-width:100%;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-jKJlTe */ .inBNwS{background-color:#0d2934;font-size:16px;position:relative;z-index:3;} @media (max-width:991px){.inBNwS{z-index:0;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-eNQAEJ */ .dkutRV{border-bottom :1px solid;border-color:#828282;padding:29px 40px 30px 40px;} @media (min-width:992px){.dkutRV{padding:40px 40px 40px 35px;}} .dkutRV .primary__footer .mobile{display:block;} .dkutRV .primary__footer .desktop{display:none;} @media (min-width:992px){.dkutRV .primary__footer{-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;}.dkutRV .primary__footer .mobile{display:none;}.dkutRV .primary__footer .desktop{display:block;}} @media (min-width:992px){.dkutRV .col5{-webkit-flex:0 0 18%;-ms-flex:0 0 18%;flex:0 0 18%;max-width:18%;}} .dkutRV address{font-style:inherit;line-height:1.5;font-size:16px;display:none;border-right:1px solid #EBEBEB;} @media (max-width:767px){.dkutRV address{border-bottom:1px solid #E3E3E3;padding-bottom:20px;}} @media (min-width:992px){.dkutRV address{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;-webkit-box-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;margin-right:50px;}} @media (min-width:1200px){.dkutRV address{margin-right:70px;}} .dkutRV address p{margin:0;font-size:14px;} @media (max-width:767px){.dkutRV address p{text-align:center;}} @media (min-width:1200px){.dkutRV address p{font-size:16px;}} .dkutRV nav ul{list-style:none;padding:0;line-height:2;font-size:16px;margin:18px 0 0 0;} .dkutRV nav ul:first-child{margin:0;} @media (min-width:992px){.dkutRV nav ul{margin:0;}} .dkutRV nav ul li{line-height:22px;padding:5px;} .dkutRV nav ul li a{color:#d8d8d8;font-weight:500;display:block;font-size:16px;} .dkutRV nav ul li img{padding:2.5px 0 0 10px;box-sizing:content-box;-webkit-transform:rotate(180deg);-ms-transform:rotate(180deg);transform:rotate(180deg);} /* sc-component-id: sc-hMqMXs */ .hlGpbO{padding-top:6px;color:#FFFFFF;font-weight:500;margin-bottom:29px;} @media (min-width:992px){.hlGpbO{-webkit-flex:0 0 25%;-ms-flex:0 0 25%;flex:0 0 25%;max-width:-webkit-fit-content;max-width:-moz-fit-content;max-width:fit-content;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-kEYyzF */ .ecHxGW{margin-right:20px;} .ecHxGW:last-child{margin-right:0;} /* sc-component-id: sc-kkGfuU */ .filPdg{margin-top:15px;} /* sc-component-id: sc-iAyFgw */ .gCiATD{line-height:30px;font-size:11px;padding:10px 20px;text-align:center;} .gCiATD .textright{text-align:right;font-weight:500;} @media (max-width:767px){.gCiATD .textright{text-align:center;}} @media (min-width:992px){.gCiATD .textright{font-weight:100;}} .gCiATD a{font-size:13px;color:#fff;} /* sc-component-id: sc-hSdWYo */ .etauus{display:inline-block;background-color:#fff;color:#4D8A17;border-color:#E3E3E3;width:auto;border-radius:5px;font-size:16px;border-width:1px;border-style:solid;} .etauus:focus-visible{outline-width:3px;outline-color:#8fc9ff;outline-style:solid;} /* sc-component-id: sc-eHgmQL */ .fTkdCR{font-size:22px;color:#000;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.fTkdCR{font-size:24px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.fTkdCR{font-size:25px;}} .fTkdCR:after{content:'';display:inline-block;margin-top:0.2em;margin-left:0.5em;} /* sc-component-id: sc-iRbamj */ .jZOxOO{font-size:30px;font-weight:500;-webkit-letter-spacing:1px;-moz-letter-spacing:1px;-ms-letter-spacing:1px;letter-spacing:1px;line-height:1;margin-top:0;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.jZOxOO{font-size:40px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.jZOxOO{font-size:40px;}} .jZOxOO sup,.jZOxOO sub{vertical-align:baseline;position:relative;top:-10px;} .jZOxOO sub{top:10px;} /* sc-component-id: sc-Rmtcm */ .hNPrIr{font-size:20px;font-weight:500;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:15px;} /* sc-component-id: sc-bRBYWo */ .fXBKFa{display:inline-block;} @media (max-width:991.5px){.fXBKFa{width:100%;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.fXBKFa.hide{display:none !important;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-hzDkRC */ .bnbfTS{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;-webkit-flex:wrap;-ms-flex:wrap;flex:wrap;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;list-style-type:none;margin:0;width:100%;padding:0 !important;border-top:1px solid #fff;} .bnbfTS li{width:100%;text-align:center;box-sizing:border-box;padding:17px 0px;min-height:48px;} .bnbfTS li a{display:block;} .bnbfTS .iconBorder{border-right:1px solid #fff;} .bnbfTS img{width:23px;} .bnbfTS img.socialLinkedin{width:28px;} .bnbfTS .wechat-container{position:relative;} .bnbfTS .wechat-container .addthis_inline_share_toolbox{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;opacity:0 !important;} /* sc-component-id: sc-jtRfpW */ .hHKuAX{background-color:#6BA439;color:#fff;padding:20px;line-height:22px !important;border-radius:0;border-top:1px solid #fff;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;min-height:60px;} .hHKuAX img{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;-webkit-align-self:center;-ms-flex-item-align:center;align-self:center;} .hHKuAX span{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-self:center;-ms-flex-item-align:center;align-self:center;} .hHKuAX span.text{padding-left:20px;font-weight:500;} @media (max-width:360px){.hHKuAX span.text{padding-left:5px;font-size:14px;}} @media (min-width:320px) and (max-width:767.5px){.hHKuAX span.text{padding-left:20px;}}.dIjoCg{background-color:#F2F2F2;color:#4A4A4A;padding:20px;line-height:22px !important;border-radius:0;border-top:1px solid #E3E3E3;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;min-height:60px;} .dIjoCg img{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;-webkit-align-self:center;-ms-flex-item-align:center;align-self:center;} .dIjoCg span{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-self:center;-ms-flex-item-align:center;align-self:center;} .dIjoCg span.text{padding-left:20px;font-weight:500;} @media (max-width:360px){.dIjoCg span.text{padding-left:5px;font-size:14px;}} @media (min-width:320px) and (max-width:767.5px){.dIjoCg span.text{padding-left:20px;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-kTUwUJ */ .eujois{width:20px;} /* sc-component-id: sc-dqBHgY */ .cQgXqt{width:20px;height:16px;color:#6ba439;} /* sc-component-id: sc-cbkKFq */ .kuxTps{-webkit-transition:-webkit-transform 0.5s;-webkit-transition:transform 0.5s;transition:transform 0.5s;position:fixed;top:60px;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.kuxTps{position:fixed;top:70px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.kuxTps{position:fixed;top:70px;}}.prcY{-webkit-transition:-webkit-transform 0.5s;-webkit-transition:transform 0.5s;transition:transform 0.5s;top:0px;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.prcY{top:0px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.prcY{position:fixed;top:241px;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-hGoxap */ .dEfJbW{position:relative;background:#007d8d;} @media (max-width:991px){.dEfJbW{z-index:2;}} @media (min-width:767.5px) and (max-width:991.5px){.dEfJbW{width:50%;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.dEfJbW{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:end;-webkit-justify-content:flex-end;-ms-flex-pack:end;justify-content:flex-end;border-top:1px solid white;}} .dEfJbW.isHide{display:none;} @media (min-width:991.5px){.dEfJbW.isHide{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;}} .dEfJbW .submit__button{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;box-shadow:0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,.5);padding:0 20px;min-height:45px;} .dEfJbW .submit__button span.text{font-size:16px;} .dEfJbW .submit__button img{width:20px;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.dEfJbW .submit__button{min-height:58px;}.dEfJbW .submit__button img{width:22px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.dEfJbW .submit__button{display:none;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-fjmCvl */ .fSPaCp{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;width:100%;font-size:16px;font-weight:500;color:#fff;background-color:#007d8d;line-height:20px;padding:10px 20px;border:0;border-radius:0;border-top:1px solid #fff;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;margin:0;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.fSPaCp{padding:16px 20px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.fSPaCp{border-top:none;border-right:1px solid #fff;padding:14.5px 15px;font-size:14px;}} @media (min-width:1200px){.fSPaCp{padding:14.5px 20px;font-size:16px;}} .fSPaCp .icon__inactive{-webkit-transform:rotateZ(-90deg);-ms-transform:rotateZ(-90deg);transform:rotateZ(-90deg);line-height:20px;} @media (min-width:991.5px){.fSPaCp .icon__inactive{-webkit-transform:rotateZ(0);-ms-transform:rotateZ(0);transform:rotateZ(0);}} .fSPaCp.button__active{background:#fff;color:#4A4A4A;} @media (min-width:767.5px) and (max-width:991.5px){.fSPaCp.button__active{border-right:1px solid #007f8f;}} .fSPaCp .icon__active{-webkit-transform:rotateZ(-90deg);-ms-transform:rotateZ(-90deg);transform:rotateZ(-90deg);line-height:20px;} @media (min-width:991.5px){.fSPaCp .icon__active{-webkit-transform:rotate(0);-ms-transform:rotate(0);transform:rotate(0);}} .fSPaCp .icon__hidden{display:none;}.bVEEaH{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;width:100%;font-size:16px;font-weight:500;color:#fff;background-color:#007d8d;line-height:20px;padding:10px 20px;border:0;border-radius:0;border-top:1px solid #fff;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;margin:0;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.bVEEaH{padding:16px 20px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.bVEEaH{border-top:none;border-right:0;padding:14.5px 15px;font-size:14px;}} @media (min-width:1200px){.bVEEaH{padding:14.5px 20px;font-size:16px;}} .bVEEaH .icon__inactive{-webkit-transform:rotateZ(-90deg);-ms-transform:rotateZ(-90deg);transform:rotateZ(-90deg);line-height:20px;} @media (min-width:991.5px){.bVEEaH .icon__inactive{-webkit-transform:rotateZ(0);-ms-transform:rotateZ(0);transform:rotateZ(0);}} .bVEEaH.button__active{background:#fff;color:#4A4A4A;} @media (min-width:767.5px) and (max-width:991.5px){.bVEEaH.button__active{border-right:1px solid #007f8f;}} .bVEEaH .icon__active{-webkit-transform:rotateZ(-90deg);-ms-transform:rotateZ(-90deg);transform:rotateZ(-90deg);line-height:20px;} @media (min-width:991.5px){.bVEEaH .icon__active{-webkit-transform:rotate(0);-ms-transform:rotate(0);transform:rotate(0);}} .bVEEaH .icon__hidden{display:none;} /* sc-component-id: sc-TFwJa */ .gCIfTO{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;width:100%;font-size:16px;font-weight:500;color:#fff;background-color:#007d8d;line-height:20px;padding:10px 20px;border:0;border-radius:0;border-top:1px solid #fff;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.gCIfTO{padding:16px 20px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.gCIfTO{-webkit-transition:all 0.25s;transition:all 0.25s;border-top:none;border-right:1px solid #fff;border-left:0;padding:14.5px 30px 14.5px 20px;width:calc(100% / 6);font-size:14px;}.gCIfTO:hover{background:#fff;color:#4A4A4A;}} @media (min-width:1200px){.gCIfTO{font-size:16px;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-bHwgHz */ .ctePXh{width:18px;margin-right:-4px;} @media (min-width:991.5px){.ctePXh{width:7px;font-size:7px;}} @media (min-width:1200px){.ctePXh{width:18px;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-krDsej */ .ewCAZX{position:absolute;top:0;width:calc(100% - 20px);right:0;bottom:0;background:#fff;-webkit-transition:-webkit-transform 0.5s;-webkit-transition:transform 0.5s;transition:transform 0.5s;min-height:290px;box-shadow:0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.5);} .ewCAZX.hide__submenu{-webkit-transform:translateX(100%);-ms-transform:translateX(100%);transform:translateX(100%);} @media (min-width:767.5px){.ewCAZX.hide__submenu{-webkit-transform:translateX(-200%);-ms-transform:translateX(-200%);transform:translateX(-200%);}} @media (min-width:767.5px){.ewCAZX{left:100%;width:100%;padding-top:20px;z-index:-1;min-height:375px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.ewCAZX{display:none;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-dTdPqK */ .lkWWFY{-webkit-transition:-webkit-transform 0.5s;-webkit-transition:transform 0.5s;transition:transform 0.5s;display:none;} @media (min-width:991.5px){.lkWWFY.hide__submenu{-webkit-transform:translateY(-300%);-ms-transform:translateY(-300%);transform:translateY(-300%);}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.lkWWFY{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;height:186px;top:49px;left:0;position:absolute;right:0;background:#fff;z-index:-1;box-shadow:0 4px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.21);}} /* sc-component-id: sc-itybZL */ .kdvWPs{font-weight:700;border:0;color:#4A4A4A;padding:10px 0;background-color:#fff;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;} .kdvWPs:focus-visible{outline-width:3px;outline-color:#8fc9ff;outline-style:solid;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.kdvWPs{display:none;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-fzsDOv */ .hAFFGk{margin:0px 10px 2px 20px;-webkit-transform:rotate(90deg);-ms-transform:rotate(90deg);transform:rotate(90deg);display:inline-block;} /* sc-component-id: sc-gPWkxV */ .legory{width:50%;} /* sc-component-id: sc-jVODtj */ .epgILe{color:#007B8B;width:50%;font-size:16px;line-height:26px;margin:auto;padding:0 6%;} /* sc-component-id: sc-kUaPvJ */ .ehYbwJ{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;width:50%;padding:24.5px 2% 0;-webkit-order:0;-ms-flex-order:0;order:0;} @media (min-width:1024px){.ehYbwJ{padding:24.5px 3% 0;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-giadOv */ .eBepOs{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;width:100%;} @media (min-width:991.5px){.eBepOs{width:calc(100% / 6);}.eBepOs:first-child{border-left:none;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-fONwsr */ .kCfRMJ{background-color:#D8D8D8;position:absolute;left:50%;display:inline-block;height:121px;width:2px;top:33px;} /* sc-component-id: sc-LKuAh */ .lcOiDF{padding:0;margin:10px 0 25px 0;} /* sc-component-id: sc-iBEsjs */ .kPshFw{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;border:none;font-size:12px;font-weight:500;margin-top:7px;padding:0;color:#4D8A17;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:pointer;} .kPshFw:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.kPshFw{margin-top:10px;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-hzNEM */ .gsmOCv{overflow-y:hidden;height:auto;max-height:100%;-webkit-transition:all .5s;transition:all .5s;background-color:#F2F2F2;padding:0 16px;} .gsmOCv.isHide{max-height:0;-webkit-transition:all .5s;transition:all .5s;} .gsmOCv p{font-size:14px;line-height:22px;} .gsmOCv sup{margin-top:-5px;} /* sc-component-id: sc-chbbiW */ .mBGSe{padding:0;} /* sc-component-id: sc-kZmsYB */ .bkiEfx{font-size:14px;font-weight:700;line-height:16px;-webkit-letter-spacing:0.58px;-moz-letter-spacing:0.58px;-ms-letter-spacing:0.58px;letter-spacing:0.58px;margin:23px 0 0px !important;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.bkiEfx{margin:34px 0 0px !important;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.bkiEfx{margin:-4px 0 0 !important;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-RcBXQ */ .ztvYg{font-size:14px;line-height:22px;} .ztvYg a{color:#4D8A17;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:pointer;} .ztvYg a:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;} /* sc-component-id: sc-iSDuPN */ @font-face{font-family:'STIXGeneral-Bold';src:url('https://static-01.hindawi.com/next_assets/wyT4heYybLmt1UEJexPE9/_next/static/node_modules/hindawi-ui/fonts/STIXGeneral-Bold.otf');font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;} .kEVvRd{font-weight:700;font-family:STIXGeneral-Bold;margin:19px 0 22px;font-size:25px;line-height:28px;-webkit-letter-spacing:normal;-moz-letter-spacing:normal;-ms-letter-spacing:normal;letter-spacing:normal;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.kEVvRd{font-size:25px;margin:20px 0 23px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.kEVvRd{font-size:30px;line-height:34px;margin:19px 0 22px;}} .kEVvRd p{margin:0;} /* sc-component-id: sc-fZwumE */ .cUsFHx{padding:0 3px;} /* sc-component-id: sc-fQejPQ */ .duuwge{font-size:14px;} .duuwge:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;} /* sc-component-id: sc-jtRlXQ */ @font-face{font-family:'STIXGeneral-Regular';src:url('https://static-01.hindawi.com/next_assets/wyT4heYybLmt1UEJexPE9/_next/static/node_modules/hindawi-ui/fonts/STIXGeneral-Regular.otf');font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;} @font-face{src:url('https://static-01.hindawi.com/next_assets/wyT4heYybLmt1UEJexPE9/_next/static/node_modules/hindawi-ui/fonts/STIXGeneral-Regular.otf');font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;} @font-face{font-family:'STIXGeneral-Regular';src:url('https://static-01.hindawi.com/next_assets/wyT4heYybLmt1UEJexPE9/_next/static/node_modules/hindawi-ui/fonts/STIXGeneral-Regular.otf');font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;} .gvEcCq{font-family:STIXGeneral-Regular;text-align:justify;} .gvEcCq a{word-break:break-all;} .gvEcCq h4:first-of-type{border-top:0px solid #E3E3E3;padding-top:0;} .gvEcCq h4{font-size:20px;font-family:"IBM Plex Sans",sans-serif;border-top:1px solid #E3E3E3;padding-top:23px;margin-top:15px;margin-bottom:-3px;} .gvEcCq h4#abstract{margin-top:-7px;margin-bottom:-3px;} @media (min-width:767.5){.gvEcCq h4#abstract{margin-top:-6px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.gvEcCq h4#abstract{margin-top:34px;}} .gvEcCq h4.references,.gvEcCq h4.copyright{border-top:1px solid #E3E3E3;padding-top:23px;} .gvEcCq h4.references{margin-bottom:-8px;} .gvEcCq h5,.gvEcCq h6{margin:22px 0;font-size:16px;word-break:break-word;} .gvEcCq h6{margin:25px 0;text-align:left;} .gvEcCq p{font-size:16px;word-break:break-word;} .gvEcCq .floats-partial-section{border:1px solid #E3E3E3;margin:25px auto;} @media (max-width:767px){.gvEcCq .floats-partial-section{margin:0 auto;overflow-x:hidden;}} .gvEcCq .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-content{padding:19px 0px 19px 0px;height:254px;width:96%;overflow:hidden;margin:0 auto;position:relative;cursor:pointer;} .gvEcCq .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-content table{margin:0 auto;} .gvEcCq .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-content .table-group{width:-webkit-fit-content;width:-moz-fit-content;width:fit-content;} .gvEcCq .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-content .table-group table{width:-webkit-fit-content;width:-moz-fit-content;width:fit-content;} .gvEcCq .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-content .table-group table object{z-index:-1;position:relative;} .gvEcCq .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-content .table-group table td{padding:4px 7px;} .gvEcCq .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-content .table-group table td.align_left{text-align:left;} .gvEcCq .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-content .table-group table td.align_center{text-align:center;} @media (min-width:768px){.gvEcCq .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-content{padding:22px 0px 0 0px;height:197px;}} @media (min-width:992px){.gvEcCq .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-content{padding:23px 0px 13px 0px;height:215px;}} .gvEcCq .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-content:after{content:"";height:20%;position:absolute;bottom:0;right:0;left:0;background:-moz-linear-gradient(left,rgba(255,255,255,.7) 0%,rgba(255,255,255,.7) 56%,rgba(255,255,255,.7) 100%);background:-webkit-gradient(linear,left top,right top,color-stop(0%,rgba(255,255,255,.7)),color-stop(56%,rgba(255,255,255,.7)),color-stop(100%,rgba(255,255,255,.7)));background:-webkit-linear-gradient(rgba(255,255,255,0) 0%,rgba(255,255,255,0.5) 30%,rgba(255,255,255,0.7) 56%,rgba(255,255,255,0.9) 75%,rgba(255,255,255,1) 100%);background:-o-linear-gradient(left,rgba(255,255,255,.7) 0%,rgba(255,255,255,.7) 56%,rgba(255,255,255,.7) 100%);background:-ms-linear-gradient(left,rgba(255,255,255,.7) 0%,rgba(255,255,255,.7) 56%,rgba(255,255,255,.7) 100%);background:linear-gradient(left,rgba(255,255,255,.7) 0%,rgba(255,255,255,.7) 56%,rgba(255,255,255,.7) 100%);-webkit-filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient( startColorstr='#00ffffff',endColorstr='#ffffff',GradientType=1 );filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient( startColorstr='#00ffffff',endColorstr='#ffffff',GradientType=1 );} .gvEcCq .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer{background-color:#F2F2F2;border-top:1px solid #E3E3E3;} .gvEcCq .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:end;-webkit-justify-content:flex-end;-ms-flex-pack:end;justify-content:flex-end;} .gvEcCq .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .minimize_btn{-webkit-flex:1;-ms-flex:1;flex:1;background:url('data:image/svg+xml;base64,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') no-repeat 6px;background-position:center;margin-top:10px;min-width:55px;} @media (min-width:768px){.gvEcCq .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .minimize_btn{display:none;}} .gvEcCq .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .expand_btn{-webkit-flex:1;-ms-flex:1;flex:1;background:url('data:image/svg+xml;base64,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') no-repeat 6px;background-position:center;margin-top:10px;min-width:55px;display:none;} @media (min-width:768px){.gvEcCq .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .expand_btn{display:none;}} .gvEcCq .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-text{-webkit-flex:9;-ms-flex:9;flex:9;text-align:left;padding:21px 37px 10px 0px;font-size:16px;font-weight:700;} @media (min-width:768px){.gvEcCq .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-text{padding:19px 18px 10px 18px;}} @media (min-width:992px){.gvEcCq .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-text{padding:19px 21px 10px 21px;}} .gvEcCq .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-partial-url{-webkit-flex:1;-ms-flex:1;flex:1;background:url('data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHhtbG5zOnhsaW5rPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8xOTk5L3hsaW5rIiB3aWR0aD0iMjAiIGhlaWdodD0iMjAiIHZpZXdCb3g9IjAgMCAyMCAyMCI+PGRlZnM+PGNsaXBQYXRoIGlkPSJhIj48cGF0aCBkPSJNMywyMGEzLDMsMCwwLDEtMy0zVjZBMywzLDAsMCwxLDMsM0g5QTEsMSwwLDAsMSw5LDVIM0ExLDEsMCwwLDAsMiw2VjE3YTEsMSwwLDAsMCwxLDFIMTRhMSwxLDAsMCwwLDEtMVYxMWExLDEsMCwxLDEsMiwwdjZhMywzLDAsMCwxLTMsM1ptNC4yOTMtNy4yOTNhMSwxLDAsMCwxLDAtMS40MTRMMTYuNTg1LDJIMTNhMSwxLDAsMCwxLDAtMmg2YTEsMSwwLDAsMSwuNC4wODJoMGwuMDE4LjAwOC4wMDgsMEwxOS40MzguMWwuMDE0LjAwNy4wMDYsMCwuMDE5LjAxaDBBMSwxLDAsMCwxLDIwLDEuMDI4VjdhMSwxLDAsMSwxLTIsMFYzLjQxNUw4LjcwOCwxMi43MDdhMSwxLDAsMCwxLTEuNDE1LDBaIiB0cmFuc2Zvcm09InRyYW5zbGF0ZSgyIDIpIi8+PC9jbGlwUGF0aD48L2RlZnM+PGcgdHJhbnNmb3JtPSJ0cmFuc2xhdGUoLTIgLTIpIj48cGF0aCBkPSJNMywyMGEzLDMsMCwwLDEtMy0zVjZBMywzLDAsMCwxLDMsM0g5QTEsMSwwLDAsMSw5LDVIM0ExLDEsMCwwLDAsMiw2VjE3YTEsMSwwLDAsMCwxLDFIMTRhMSwxLDAsMCwwLDEtMVYxMWExLDEsMCwxLDEsMiwwdjZhMywzLDAsMCwxLTMsM1ptNC4yOTMtNy4yOTNhMSwxLDAsMCwxLDAtMS40MTRMMTYuNTg1LDJIMTNhMSwxLDAsMCwxLDAtMmg2YTEsMSwwLDAsMSwuNC4wODJoMGwuMDE4LjAwOC4wMDgsMEwxOS40MzguMWwuMDE0LjAwNy4wMDYsMCwuMDE5LjAxaDBBMSwxLDAsMCwxLDIwLDEuMDI4VjdhMSwxLDAsMSwxLTIsMFYzLjQxNUw4LjcwOCwxMi43MDdhMSwxLDAsMCwxLTEuNDE1LDBaIiB0cmFuc2Zvcm09InRyYW5zbGF0ZSgyIDIpIi8+PGcgY2xpcC1wYXRoPSJ1cmwoI2EpIj48cmVjdCB3aWR0aD0iMjQiIGhlaWdodD0iMjQiIGZpbGw9InJnYmEoMCwwLDAsMCkiLz48cmVjdCB3aWR0aD0iMjQiIGhlaWdodD0iMjQiIGZpbGw9IiM2YmE0MzkiLz48L2c+PC9nPjwvc3ZnPg==') no-repeat 6px;background-position:center;padding:16px 0 16px 0;min-width:62px;max-width:62px;} @media (min-width:768px){.gvEcCq .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-partial-url{padding:16px 0 17px 0;min-width:52px;max-width:52px;}} @media (min-width:992px){.gvEcCq .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-partial-url{padding:15px 0 17px 0;min-width:60px;max-width:60px;}} .gvEcCq .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-partial-url:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;} .gvEcCq .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption-text{font-size:14px;padding:0px 18px 17px 22px;} @media (min-width:768px){.gvEcCq .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption-text{padding:0px 15px 15px 18px;}} @media (min-width:992px){.gvEcCq .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption-text{padding:0px 18px 19px 21px;}} .gvEcCq .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption-text figcaption{margin:0;padding:0;} .gvEcCq .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption-text svg{max-width:100%;} .gvEcCq ol{font-size:16px;padding-left:32px;font-family:STIXGeneral-Regular;line-height:24px;margin:15px 0;} .gvEcCq ol li{margin:10px 0;padding-left:10px;word-break:normal;} .gvEcCq ol li a{word-break:break-all;} .gvEcCq ol li .reflinks{display:block;} .gvEcCq ol li .reflinks a{color:#4D8A17;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:pointer;} .gvEcCq ol li .reflinks a:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;} .gvEcCq ol li .reflinks .sep{color:#000000;} .gvEcCq .table-wrapper{width:auto;overflow-x:auto;} .gvEcCq .table-wrapper::-webkit-scrollbar{-webkit-appearance:none;width:5px;height:5px;} .gvEcCq .table-wrapper::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb{border-radius:5px;background-color:rgba(0,0,0,.5);-webkit-box-shadow:0 0 1px rgba(255,255,255,.5);} @media (min-width:768px){.gvEcCq .table-wrapper{overflow-x:auto;width:auto;-webkit-break-word:word-break;break-word:word-break;margin:0 auto;}} @media (min-width:992px){.gvEcCq .table-wrapper{width:auto;}} @media (min-width:1324px){.gvEcCq .table-wrapper{width:auto;}} @media (min-width:320px){.gvEcCq{margin-bottom:33px;padding:0;}} @media (min-width:992px){.gvEcCq{padding:0;margin-bottom:100px;}} @media (min-width:1325px){.gvEcCq{margin-bottom:100px;}} .gvEcCq .owl-stage{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;} .gvEcCq .floats-partial-middle--thumbs{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;} .gvEcCq .floats-partial-middle--thumbs .partial-carousel-dot svg{fill:#4D8A17;} .gvEcCq .floats-partial-middle--thumbs .partial-carousel-dot strong{color:#4D8A17;font-weight:500;} .gvEcCq .floats-partial-middle--thumbs .partial-carousel-dot.active strong{color:#007B8B;} .gvEcCq .floats-partial-middle--thumbs .partial-carousel-dot.active svg{fill:#007B8B;} .gvEcCq .floats-partial-middle--thumbs .partial-carousel-dot .nowrap{white-space:nowrap;} .gvEcCq .partial-carousel-dot{text-align:center;cursor:pointer;border:0;width:100px;padding-bottom:20px;background-color:#fff;display:table-cell;} .gvEcCq .partial-carousel-dot:focus-visible{outline-offset:-3px;} .gvEcCq .partial-carousel-dot strong{font-size:11px;padding-top:12px;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.gvEcCq .partial-carousel-dot strong{font-size:16px;}} .gvEcCq .partial-carousel-dot img{width:90px;height:90px;border:1px solid #979797;margin:10px 0;} .gvEcCq .partial-carousel-wrapper .floats-partial-middle{border-top:1px solid #e3e3e3;display:block;margin-bottom:50px;padding-top:1px;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.gvEcCq .partial-carousel-wrapper .floats-partial-middle{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;margin-bottom:0;}} .gvEcCq .partial-carousel--single-image{overflow:hidden;text-align:center;} .gvEcCq .partial-carousel--single-image img{width:100%;max-height:239px;height:auto;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.gvEcCq .partial-carousel--single-image img{max-height:357px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.gvEcCq .partial-carousel--single-image img{max-height:417px;}} .gvEcCq .partial-carousel--single-image strong{font-size:11px;padding-top:12px;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.gvEcCq .partial-carousel--single-image strong{font-size:16px;}} .gvEcCq .owl-nav,.gvEcCq .owl-dots{display:none;} .gvEcCq .partial-carousel-wrapper .owl-loaded{position:relative;height:auto;max-height:287px;} @media (min-width:767.6px){.gvEcCq .partial-carousel-wrapper .owl-loaded{max-height:414px;}} @media (min-width:767.5px){.gvEcCq .partial-carousel-wrapper .owl-loaded{max-height:477px;}} .gvEcCq .partial-carousel-wrapper .floats-partial-content,.gvEcCq .owl-stage-outer,.gvEcCq .owl-stage{max-height:287px;height:auto;} @media (min-width:767.6px){.gvEcCq .partial-carousel-wrapper .floats-partial-content,.gvEcCq .owl-stage-outer,.gvEcCq .owl-stage{max-height:414px;}} @media (min-width:767.5px){.gvEcCq .partial-carousel-wrapper .floats-partial-content,.gvEcCq .owl-stage-outer,.gvEcCq .owl-stage{max-height:477px;}} .gvEcCq .partial-carousel-wrapper .floats-partial-content::after,.gvEcCq .owl-stage-outer::after,.gvEcCq .owl-stage::after{background:transparent;} .gvEcCq .partial-carousel-wrapper .floats-partial-middle--thumbs{width:100%;overflow-x:auto;-webkit-align-items:self-start;-webkit-box-align:self-start;-ms-flex-align:self-start;align-items:self-start;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.gvEcCq .partial-carousel-wrapper .floats-partial-middle--thumbs{width:calc(100% - 110px);}} .gvEcCq .partial-carousel-wrapper .floats-partial-middle--nav{width:100%;position:relative;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.gvEcCq .partial-carousel-wrapper .floats-partial-middle--nav{width:20%;}} .gvEcCq .floats-partial-middle{position:relative;} .gvEcCq .partial-carousel-wrapper .carousel-prev{background:url('data:image/svg+xml;base64,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') no-repeat 17.5px;height:50px;width:61px;display:inline-block;border:0;border-right:1px solid #E3E3E3;padding:0;cursor:pointer;background-position-y:54.35%;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.gvEcCq .partial-carousel-wrapper .carousel-prev{width:51px;background-position-x:8px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.gvEcCq .partial-carousel-wrapper .carousel-prev{width:59px;background-position-x:16px;}} .gvEcCq .partial-carousel-wrapper .carousel-next{background:url('data:image/svg+xml;base64,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') no-repeat 18.5px;height:52px;width:61px;display:inline-block;padding:0px;cursor:pointer;border:0;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.gvEcCq .partial-carousel-wrapper .carousel-next{width:51px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.gvEcCq .partial-carousel-wrapper .carousel-next{width:59px;}} .gvEcCq .partial-carousel-wrapper .partial-carousel-next-prev{position:absolute;right:0;bottom:-50px;height:50px;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.gvEcCq .partial-carousel-wrapper .partial-carousel-next-prev{bottom:0;}} .gvEcCq .partial-carousel-wrapper .floats-partial-content{padding:12px;} .gvEcCq .partial-carousel-wrapper .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-partial-url{border-left:none;} .gvEcCq .partial-other-wrapper[data-section*="tab"] .floats-partial-content{display:none;} .gvEcCq .partial-other-wrapper[data-section*="tab"] .floats-partial-footer{background-image:url(https://w2o-xhtml-parsed-preprod.s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/table_thumb.svg);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-position:17px 17px;background-size:100px 70px;border-top:none;min-height:110px;position:relative;} .gvEcCq .partial-other-wrapper[data-section*="tab"] .floats-partial-footer .table-thumb-overlay{cursor:pointer;position:absolute;left:17px;top:17px;height:70px;width:100px;} .gvEcCq .partial-other-wrapper[data-section*="tab"] .floats-partial-footer .caption-text{padding-left:137px;padding-right:0px;position:relative;} .gvEcCq .partial-other-wrapper[data-section*="tab"] .floats-partial-footer .caption-text .caption-text-overlay{cursor:pointer;position:absolute;top:20px;left:135px;height:20px;width:60px;} .gvEcCq .partial-other-wrapper[data-section*="tab"] .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption-text{color:black;display:block !important;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;width:auto;margin-left:140px;margin-right:20px;padding:0px 0px 15px 0px;width:-webkit-fit-content;width:-moz-fit-content;width:fit-content;} .gvEcCq .partial-other-wrapper[data-section*="tab"] .floats-partial-footer .minimize_btn{display:none !important;} .gvEcCq .partial-other-wrapper[data-section*="tab"] .floats-partial-footer .expand_btn{display:none !important;} @media (max-width:567px){.gvEcCq .partial-other-wrapper[data-section*="tab"] .floats-partial-footer{background-size:60px 45px;}.gvEcCq .partial-other-wrapper[data-section*="tab"] .floats-partial-footer .table-thumb-overlay{height:45px;width:60px;}.gvEcCq .partial-other-wrapper[data-section*="tab"] .floats-partial-footer .caption-text{padding:30px 0px 15px 95px;}.gvEcCq .partial-other-wrapper[data-section*="tab"] .floats-partial-footer .caption-text .caption-text-overlay{top:30px;left:95px;}.gvEcCq .partial-other-wrapper[data-section*="tab"] .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption-text{margin:0px 20px;}} .gvEcCq .owl-item{overflow-y:hidden;margin-bottom:0;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;} .gvEcCq .supplementary--docs{display:-ms-flexbox;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;padding-left:2em;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.gvEcCq .supplementary--docs{padding-left:1em;}} .gvEcCq .supplementary--docs li{-ms-flex:0 0 100%;-webkit-flex:0 0 100%;-ms-flex:0 0 100%;flex:0 0 100%;max-width:100%;} @media (min-width:991.5px){.gvEcCq .supplementary--docs li{-ms-flex:0 0 50%;-webkit-flex:0 0 50%;-ms-flex:0 0 50%;flex:0 0 50%;max-width:50%;}} .gvEcCq .supplementary--docs li a::after{content:'';background :url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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) no-repeat 5px;padding-right:35px;background-size:14px;} .gvEcCq .dataset-section .supplementary--dpis-desc{padding-left:19px;} .gvEcCq .dataset-section .supplementary--dpis-desc p{margin:10px 0;} .gvEcCq .table-group.fixed-width,.gvEcCq .table-group.sidewaystable{min-width:auto;} .gvEcCq .noliststyle{padding-left:1em;} .gvEcCq .noliststyle li{padding-left:0;} .gvEcCq .xml-content > hr{display:none;} .gvEcCq sup,.gvEcCq sub{vertical-align:baseline;position:relative;top:5px;} .gvEcCq sup{top:-5px;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.gvEcCq a{position:relative;}} .gvEcCq a div.tooltip{cursor:auto;position:absolute;width:280px;background:#fff;border:1px solid #adadad;padding:20px;margin:0;display:none;z-index:2;color:#000;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.gvEcCq a div.tooltip{width:400px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.gvEcCq a div.tooltip{width:572px;}} .gvEcCq a div.tooltip .cross{position:absolute;right:10px;top:10px;display:block;height:14px;width:14px;cursor:pointer;} .gvEcCq a div.tooltip ol{margin:0;padding:0 0 10px 20px;} .gvEcCq a div.tooltip ol li{text-align:left;margin:0;} .gvEcCq a div.tooltip.left{left:20px;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.gvEcCq a div.tooltip.left{left:-20px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.gvEcCq a div.tooltip.left{left:-100px;}} .gvEcCq a div.tooltip.right{right:20px;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.gvEcCq a div.tooltip.right{right:-20px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.gvEcCq a div.tooltip.right{right:-100px;}} .gvEcCq a div.tooltip a.seeRef{padding-left:30px;} .gvEcCq .gloss-abbr tr td:first-child{white-space:nowrap;} .gvEcCq table.algorithm td{word-break:keep-all;} .gvEcCq h4#copyright + p a{word-break:break-word;} /* sc-component-id: sc-bGbJRg */ .dVCLgr{width:100%;} @media (min-width:991.5px){.dVCLgr{width:19%;}} @media (min-width:1280px){.dVCLgr{width:24%;max-width:350px;}} .dVCLgr p{border:1px solid #E3E3E3;} /* sc-component-id: sc-bEjcJn */ .jLUVhb{-webkit-flex:1 0 30%;-ms-flex:1 0 30%;flex:1 0 30%;list-style:none;padding:0;-webkit-transition:-webkit-transform 0.5s;-webkit-transition:transform 0.5s;transition:transform 0.5s;} @media (min-width:320px) and (max-width:991.5px){.jLUVhb{position:fixed;width:100%;z-index:2;margin:0;margin-top:50px;top:169px;max-height:calc(100vh - 165px);overflow-y:auto;}} @media (min-width:767.5px) and (max-width:991.5px){.jLUVhb{top:179px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px) and (max-width:1200px){.jLUVhb{max-width:354px;-webkit-flex:1 0 20%;-ms-flex:1 0 20%;flex:1 0 20%;}} @media (min-width:1200px){.jLUVhb{-webkit-flex:1 0 25%;-ms-flex:1 0 25%;flex:1 0 25%;max-width:354px;}} .jLUVhb p{margin:0;padding:10px 0;font-size:16px;font-weight:700;line-height:24px;display:none;} @media (min-width:991.5px){.jLUVhb p{display:block;padding:10px 20px;border:1px solid #E3E3E3;border-bottom:0;}} .jLUVhb.links__hidden{display:none;} @media (min-width:991.5px){.jLUVhb.links__hidden{display:block;}} .jLUVhb.translate{-webkit-transform :translateY(-120px);-ms-transform :translateY(-120px);transform :translateY(-120px);} @media (min-width:768px){.jLUVhb.translate{-webkit-transform:translateY(-130px);-ms-transform:translateY(-130px);transform:translateY(-130px);}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.jLUVhb.translate{-webkit-transform:none;-ms-transform:none;transform:none;}.jLUVhb.translate #leftSectionMenu{-webkit-transform:translateY(-130px);-ms-transform:translateY(-130px);transform:translateY(-130px);}} /* sc-component-id: sc-ePZHVD */ .ewHMLz{color:#4A4A4A;} /* sc-component-id: sc-likbZx */ .bBmZJZ{font-size:16px;font-weight:500;line-height:20px;color:#4A4A4A;border:1px solid #E3E3E3;border-bottom:0;background-color:#f2f2f2;display:list-item;} @media (min-width:991px){.bBmZJZ{-webkit-transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;}.bBmZJZ:hover{background-color :#D8D8D8;-webkit-transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;}} .bBmZJZ:last-child{border-bottom:1px solid #E3E3E3;} .bBmZJZ a{display:block;padding:10px 20px;} /* sc-component-id: sc-eKZiaR */ .dzZrgS{position:fixed;width:100%;height:50px;color:#4D8A17;background-color:#F2F2F2;border:none;font-size:16px;line-height:18px;font-weight:500;z-index:2;top:170px;-webkit-transition:-webkit-transform 0.5s;-webkit-transition:transform 0.5s;transition:transform 0.5s;text-align:left;border-top:1px solid #FFFFFF;} @media (min-width:320px) and (max-width:991.5px){.dzZrgS{padding-left:15px;border-bottom:4px solid #FFFFFF;}.dzZrgS.is-open{border-bottom:4px solid #F2F2F2;}} @media (min-width:767.5px){.dzZrgS{top:179px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.dzZrgS{display:none;}} .dzZrgS .icon__dots{cursor:pointer;-webkit-transform:rotate(90deg) translateY(8px);-ms-transform:rotate(90deg) translateY(8px);transform:rotate(90deg) translateY(8px);margin-right:15px;} @media (min-width:991.5px){.dzZrgS .icon__dots{padding-right:20px;margin-bottom:2px;-webkit-transform:none;-ms-transform:none;transform:none;}} .dzZrgS.translate{-webkit-transform :translateY(-120px);-ms-transform :translateY(-120px);transform :translateY(-120px);top:170px;} @media(min-width:991.5px){.dzZrgS.translate{-webkit-transform :translateY(-130px) rotate(90deg);-ms-transform :translateY(-130px) rotate(90deg);transform :translateY(-130px) rotate(90deg);}} /* sc-component-id: sc-jrIrqw */ .eHMFfo{padding:0;margin:20px 0;} .eHMFfo span{font-size:14px;} .eHMFfo span.isHide{display:none;} .eHMFfo span i{font-style:italic;} .eHMFfo span i.isHide{display:none;} /* sc-component-id: sc-hjRWVT */ .irNWJI{width:16px;margin:0 2px 2px;} /* sc-component-id: sc-iQtOjA */ .kfDwZY{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;border:none;font-size:12px;font-weight:500;margin-top:7px;padding:0;color:#4D8A17;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:pointer;} .kfDwZY:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.kfDwZY{margin-top:5px;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-fHxwqH */ .dMuGGA{overflow-y:hidden;height:auto;max-height:100%;-webkit-transition:all .5s;transition:all .5s;} .dMuGGA.isHide{max-height:0;-webkit-transition:all .5s;transition:all .5s;} .dMuGGA p:first-child{margin-top:15px;} .dMuGGA p{font-size:14px;line-height:23px;display:block;} .dMuGGA sup{margin-top:-5px;} /* sc-component-id: sc-cEvuZC */ .XkrFe{border:none;border-top:1px solid #E3E3E3;height:2px;margin:15px 0;} .XkrFe.hr__author{margin-bottom:12px;} /* sc-component-id: sc-cBdUnI */ @media (min-width:320px) and (max-width:991.5px){.hRnXob{display:none;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.hRnXob{z-index:1;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-exkUMo */ .hymroZ{background-color:#6ba339;color:#ffffff;display:none;} .hymroZ span.text{padding-left:20px;} @media (min-width:991px){.hymroZ{-webkit-transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;}.hymroZ:hover{background-color :#D8D8D8;-webkit-transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-kcDeIU */ .cbcyj{background-color:#f2f2f2;color:#4a4a4a;display:none;} .cbcyj span.text{padding-left:20px;} @media (min-width:991.5px) and (max-width:1279.5px){.cbcyj{display:none !important;}} @media (min-width:991px){.cbcyj{-webkit-transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;}.cbcyj:hover{background-color :#D8D8D8;-webkit-transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.cbcyj.hide{display:none !important;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-BngTV */ .hmDWcT{background-color:#f2f2f2;color:#4a4a4a;display:none;} .hmDWcT span.text{padding-left:20px;} @media (min-width:1279.5px){.hmDWcT{display:none !important;}} @media (min-width:991px){.hmDWcT{-webkit-transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;}.hmDWcT:hover{background-color :#5D9230;-webkit-transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.hmDWcT.hide{display:none !important;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-hBbWxd */ .kdRRST{background-color:#f2f2f2;border-top:1px solid #ffffff;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;font-size:14px;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;padding:20px 55px 20px 25px;} @media (max-width:1279.5px){.kdRRST{padding-right:20px;}} @media (max-width:991.5px){.kdRRST{display:none;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-dyGzUR */ .cHatnS div{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;} .cHatnS div:last-of-type{padding-top:20px;} .cHatnS span{color:#4F4F4F;font-size:20px;font-weight:700;line-height:26px;} /* sc-component-id: sc-drKuOJ */ .kxdGAZ{-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column-reverse;-ms-flex-direction:column-reverse;flex-direction:column-reverse;height:100%;-webkit-box-pack:end;-webkit-justify-content:flex-end;-ms-flex-pack:end;justify-content:flex-end;} .kxdGAZ span{padding-top:15px;} /* sc-component-id: sc-cTjmhe */ @media (min-width:991.5px){.ihmyEq{width:100%;z-index:1;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-cugefK */ .itFKcQ{background-color:#F2F2F2;color:#4A4A4A;border-top:1px solid #FFFFFF;font-size:16px;font-weight:500;padding:20px;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;cursor:pointer;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;} @media (min-width:991px){.itFKcQ{-webkit-transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;}.itFKcQ:hover{background-color :#D8D8D8;-webkit-transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.itFKcQ.hide{display:none !important;}} .itFKcQ.active .icon-themeable{-webkit-transform:rotate(180deg);-ms-transform:rotate(180deg);transform:rotate(180deg);} /* sc-component-id: sc-fnwBNb */ .etzuBr{display:none;} /* sc-component-id: sc-iNhVCk */ .gWgCNb{background-color:#f2f2f2;border-radius:0;border-top:1px solid #e3e3e3;font-size:16px;color:#4a4a4a;font-weight:500;padding:11px 20px;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;} @media (min-width:991px){.gWgCNb{-webkit-transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;}.gWgCNb:hover{background-color :#D8D8D8;-webkit-transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-eAKXzc */ .WHkfb{-webkit-flex:1 0 90%;-ms-flex:1 0 90%;flex:1 0 90%;padding-left:50px;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.WHkfb{padding-left:93px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.WHkfb{padding-left:50px;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-bfYoXt */ .cGuwDn{width:20px;height:24px;} /* sc-component-id: sc-gbOuXE */ .jGPvPL{width:22px;height:21px;padding:2px;} /* sc-component-id: sc-dRFtgE */ .jrsDZP{-webkit-flex:1 0 80%;-ms-flex:1 0 80%;flex:1 0 80%;padding-left:26px;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.jrsDZP{padding-left:69px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.jrsDZP{padding-left:20px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px) and (max-width:1279.5px){.jrsDZP{display:none;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-gkFcWv */ .gWTCXQ{display:none;} @media (min-width:991.5px){.gWTCXQ{padding-left:20px;max-width:100px;display:inline;}} @media (min-width:1279.5px){.gWTCXQ{display:none;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-hUfwpO */ .jHPgUP{width:100%;border-left:1px solid #f2f2f2;border-right:1px solid #f2f2f2;border-bottom:none;cursor:pointer;} .jHPgUP li{background-color:#f2f2f2;} @media (min-width:991px){.jHPgUP li{-webkit-transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;}.jHPgUP li:hover{background-color :#ffffff;-webkit-transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;}} .jHPgUP h3{display:none;} /* sc-component-id: sc-imABML */ .ibWUzs{background-color:#f2f2f2;color:#4a4a4a;display:block;border-top:1px solid #ffffff;border-radius:0;font-size:16px;font-weight:500;padding:20px;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;cursor:pointer;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;} .ibWUzs .right__icon{padding:0;height:16px;width:20px;} @media (min-width:991px){.ibWUzs{-webkit-transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;}.ibWUzs:hover{background-color :#D8D8D8;-webkit-transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.ibWUzs.hide{display:none !important;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-cjHlYL */ .hYnXNL{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;width:25%;float:right;margin-top:-49px;} @media (max-width:374px){.hYnXNL{width:26.5%;}} @media (min-width:992px){.hYnXNL{display:none;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-dRaagA */ .hGCBfz{background-color:#6BA339;color:white;-webkit-flex:1 0 25%;-ms-flex:1 0 25%;flex:1 0 25%;z-index:100;padding:14px 16px 10px 19px;border-radius:0px;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF;} @media (min-width:320px) and (max-width:767px){.hGCBfz{border-bottom:none;padding:16px 16px 14px 16px;font-size:14px;}.hGCBfz .article_toolbar_icon{display:none;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-fEUNkw */ .dfaOeH{margin-right:16px;width:24px;height:24px;} /* sc-component-id: sc-dREXXX */ .cqhPZs{width:16px;height:auto;float:right;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.cqhPZs{width:24px;height:24px;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-nrwXf */ .byflLi{font-size:14px;padding:16px 20px 24px;} @media (max-width:991px){.byflLi{display:none;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-eitiEO */ .jXeALb{font-size:14px;} .jXeALb:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;} /* sc-component-id: sc-bhlBdH */ .UVThf{font-size:14px;font-weight:bold;} /* sc-component-id: sc-OxbzP */ .eEFYIL{width:100%;height:auto;background-color:#4A4A4A;font-family:'IBM Plex Sans',sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:500;color:#fff;padding:15px 20px;line-height:20px;position:fixed;bottom:0px;z-index:3;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;-webkit-transition:-webkit-transform .25s;-webkit-transition:transform .25s;transition:transform .25s;} .eEFYIL a{color:#7ED321;} .eEFYIL p{display:inline;margin:0;} .eEFYIL.hideBanner{-webkit-transform:translateY(100%);-ms-transform:translateY(100%);transform:translateY(100%);} /* sc-component-id: sc-bYnzgO */ .dsXEHZ{background:transparent;border:none;height:20px;width:20px;margin-left:20px;padding:0;cursor:pointer;} /* sc-component-id: sc-cPuPxo */ .iXKuYd{min-width:20px;height:20px;} /* sc-component-id: baseContent__Main-sc-134g3di-2 */ .cmzomn{margin-top:140px;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.cmzomn{margin-top:85px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.cmzomn{margin-top:70px;min-height:calc(100vh - 334px);}} /* sc-component-id: threeColumn__ThreeColumnWrapper-sc-1bf4078-0 */ .dDyxFF{width:100%;} @media only screen and (min-width:992px){.dDyxFF{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-flow:row wrap;-ms-flex-flow:row wrap;flex-flow:row wrap;padding:0 20px;max-width:1440px;margin:0 auto;}} @media (min-width:991.5px) and (max-width:1100.5px){.dDyxFF .partenership__collabText{font-size:12px;}} @media (min-width:1100.5px) and (max-width:1200.5px){.dDyxFF .partenership__collabText{font-size:14px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px) and (max-width:1071.5px){.dDyxFF .partenership__logoWrapper img{margin-left:20px;margin-bottom:10px;}.dDyxFF .partenership__logoWrapper img:last-child{margin-left:0;margin-bottom:0;}} @media (max-width:1150px){.dDyxFF .journal-metrics-container{display:none;}.dDyxFF .journal_report_link-border-helper{display:none;}} /* sc-component-id: threeColumn__LeftWrapper-sc-1bf4078-1 */ @media only screen and (min-width:992px){.fkVFlF{width:20%;}} @media only screen and (min-width:1280px){.fkVFlF{width:25%;}} /* sc-component-id: threeColumn__RightWrapper-sc-1bf4078-2 */ .jzTMLK{-webkit-transition:-webkit-transform 0.5s;-webkit-transition:transform 0.5s;transition:transform 0.5s;} @media only screen and (min-width:992px){.jzTMLK{width:20%;margin-bottom:60px;}.jzTMLK.translate{-webkit-transform:translateY(-130px);-ms-transform:translateY(-130px);transform:translateY(-130px);}} @media only screen and (min-width:1280px){.jzTMLK{width:25%;}} /* sc-component-id: threeColumn__ContentWrapper-sc-1bf4078-3 */ .bbzREB{margin:0 20px;overflow:hidden;} @media only screen and (min-width:992px){.bbzREB{width:calc(60% - 40px);}} @media only screen and (min-width:1280px){.bbzREB{width:calc(50% - 40px);}} /* sc-component-id: threeColumn__Content-sc-1bf4078-4 */ .jknsZc{margin:0 auto;overflow:hidden;} @media only screen and (min-width:768px){.jknsZc{max-width:688px;}} @media only screen and (min-width:992px){.jknsZc{max-width:100%;}} @media only screen and (min-width:1075px){.jknsZc{max-width:572px;}} /* sc-component-id: article__BaseStyle-sc-10qhnp8-0 */ .gnduKR{width:100%;margin-top:170px;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.gnduKR{margin-top:179px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.gnduKR{margin-top:180px;min-height:840px;}} /* sc-component-id: article__StickyStyle-sc-10qhnp8-1 */ .fJLQxX{width:100%;max-width:1440px;z-index:3;-webkit-transition:all 0.5s;transition:all 0.5s;} .fJLQxX.translate{-webkit-transform:translateY(-120px);-ms-transform:translateY(-120px);transform:translateY(-120px);} @media (min-width:767.5px){.fJLQxX.translate{-webkit-transform:translateY(-130px);-ms-transform:translateY(-130px);transform:translateY(-130px);}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.fJLQxX.translate{-webkit-transform:translateY(-130px);-ms-transform:translateY(-130px);transform:translateY(-130px);}} /* sc-component-id: article__SubtitleStyled-sc-10qhnp8-2 */ .elhyhe{background-color:#007b8b;opacity:0.8;color:#fff;margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;padding:17px 0 17px 20px;line-height:23px;height:60px;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;font-size:20px;font-weight:500;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.elhyhe{line-height:26px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.elhyhe{line-height:50px;padding:5px 0 5px 20px;height:60px;}} /* sc-component-id: article__JournalMenuTitle-sc-10qhnp8-3 */ .jCfZqq{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;font-size:16px;font-weight:500;line-height:20px;height:50px;width:100%;background-color:#007b8b;color:#fff;text-align:left;padding-left:14px;padding-right:0;border:0;border-top:1px solid #fff;} .jCfZqq span{font-size:24px;padding-right:14px;} @media (min-width:991.5px){.jCfZqq{display:none;}} /* sc-component-id: article__WhiteWrapper-sc-10qhnp8-5 */ .bJcSpM{background-color:#fff;display:block;position:relative;} .bJcSpM h1,.bJcSpM h2{color:#fff;} .bJcSpM h2{font-size:20px;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.bJcSpM h2{font-size:25px;}} .bJcSpM h1{font-size:20px;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.bJcSpM h1{font-size:24px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.bJcSpM h1{font-size:40px;}} /* sc-component-id: articleContent__ArticleContentsWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-0 */ .eSvjPB{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;width:100%;} .eSvjPB .author__editor--hr{display:block;} /* sc-component-id: articleContent__ArticleContentsSectionsWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-1 */ .jntdRu{width:100%;} @media (max-width:991.5px){.jntdRu{margin-top:52px;}} .jntdRu p{margin:12px 0;line-height:20px;} .jntdRu .articlecontent__alignment{width:100%;min-width:306px;padding-left:7px;padding-right:7px;} @media (min-width:346px){.jntdRu .articlecontent__alignment{padding-left:20px;padding-right:20px;}} @media (min-width:767.5px){.jntdRu .articlecontent__alignment{width:543px;margin:auto;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.jntdRu .articlecontent__alignment{max-width:612px;width:75%;margin:inherit;margin-left:50px;padding-left:20px;padding-right:20px;}} @media (min-width:1100px){.jntdRu .articlecontent__alignment{margin-left:118px;}} .jntdRu .article__title{padding-bottom:12px;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.jntdRu .article__title{padding-bottom:15px;}} .jntdRu .article__summary{padding-bottom:65px;} @media (min-width:991.5px){.jntdRu .article__summary{padding-bottom:75px;}} @media (min-width:767.5px){.jntdRu #vjs_video_3 button{-webkit-transform:none;-ms-transform:none;transform:none;left:40%;margin-top:0;}} .jntdRu .video-js .vjs-big-play-button{top:calc(50% - 22.5px);left:calc(50% - 50px);} .jntdRu .video-js{margin:20px 0;} .jntdRu a{color:#4D8A17;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:pointer;} .jntdRu a:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;} /* sc-component-id: articleContent__ArticleWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-2 */ .hAzjHP{background-position:0px 0px;background-origin:content-box;background-size:99%;} /* sc-component-id: articleContent__EditorWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-3 */ .evMkvU{padding:0;} /* sc-component-id: articleContent__PublicationTimeLineWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-4 */ .fjviok{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:15px 0 30px;border-bottom:1px solid #E3E3E3;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.fjviok{border-top:1px solid #E3E3E3;margin:20px 0 30px;}} /* sc-component-id: articleContent__PublcationCol-sc-2yl9jy-5 */ .hgKieC{-webkit-flex-basis:0;-ms-flex-preferred-size:0;flex-basis:0;-webkit-box-flex:1;-webkit-flex-grow:1;-ms-flex-positive:1;flex-grow:1;max-width:100%;border-right:1px solid #E3E3E3;padding:5px 0 15px;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.hgKieC{padding:5px 0;}} .hgKieC.notPublished{display:none;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.hgKieC.notPublished{display:block;}} @media (max-width:767.5px){.hgKieC.isPublished{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;}.hgKieC.isPublished span:first-child::after{content:':';padding-right:3px;}} .hgKieC:last-child{border-right:none;} /* sc-component-id: articleContent__PublicationField-sc-2yl9jy-6 */ .cIribm{display:block;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;} /* sc-component-id: articleContent__PublicationValue-sc-2yl9jy-7 */ .khHUcu{display:block;text-align:center;font-size:14px;} /* sc-component-id: articleContent__TextWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-8 */ .fYrLtk{margin:-7px 0 -5px;font-size:14px;} /* sc-component-id: biblio__Wrapper-sc-1nou1lz-0 */ .eyHfWh{position:relative;} .eyHfWh.hide{display:none;} .eyHfWh hr{position:absolute;left:0;right:0;top:-30px;border-top:1px solid #E3E3E3;border-bottom:0;}.cBTaXT.hide{display:none;} .cBTaXT hr{display:none;} /* sc-component-id: biblio__BiblioWrapper-sc-1nou1lz-1 */ @font-face{font-family:'STIXGeneral-Bold';src:url('https://static-01.hindawi.com/next_assets/wyT4heYybLmt1UEJexPE9/_next/static/_/hindawi-ui/fonts/STIXGeneral-Regular.otf');} .hFGNjP{padding:0 20px 20px;} .hFGNjP .bib__image{display:none;} .hFGNjP .bib__title{font-size:20px;} .hFGNjP .bib__name{font-size:18px;font-family:'STIXGeneral-Bold',serif !important;color:rgb(74,74,74);font-weight:700;} .hFGNjP .bib--split .bib__link .bib__info,.hFGNjP .bib--split .bib__link.bib__link--image .bib__info,.hFGNjP [class*='bib--txt'] .bib__link .bib__info,.hFGNjP [class*='bib--txt'] .bib__link.bib__link--image .bib__info{padding:10px 0 !important;} .hFGNjP .bib__author{font-size:14px;line-height:22px;color:rgb(132,132,132);margin-top:3px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-right:20px;opacity:1;font-family:'IBM Plex Sans',sans-serif;font-weight:500;} .hFGNjP #biblio_sidebar .bib__link{border-top:1px solid rgb(227,227,227) !important;padding-top:5px !important;padding-bottom:5px !important;} .hFGNjP #biblio_sidebar .bib__link:first-child{border-top:0 !important;padding-top:0 !important;} .hFGNjP #biblio_sidebar .bib__link:first-child .bib__info{padding-top:0 !important;} .hFGNjP #biblio_widget .bib--split .bib__link .bib__info,.hFGNjP #biblio_widget .bib--split .bib__link.bib__link--image .bib__info{padding:10px 15px 10px 0 !important;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.hFGNjP{padding:0 40px 20px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.hFGNjP{padding:0 20px;}} /* sc-component-id: biblio__H4-sc-1nou1lz-2 */ .becpDt{font-size:20px;font-family:'IBM Plex Sans';color:#000;font-weight:600;margin-top:34px;margin-bottom:18px;padding:0 20px;} /* sc-component-id: journal_article__ArticleStickyTopToolbar-sc-12fk6zy-0 */ .gbrQxi{display:none;} @media (min-width:991.5px){.gbrQxi{display:block;}.gbrQxi .article_top_toolbar{top:110px;z-index:-100;}.gbrQxi .article_top_toolbar .pdf_desktop{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;}.gbrQxi .article_top_toolbar .ref_desktop{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;}} .gbrQxi .article_toolbar_views{margin-top:-58px;display:block;text-align:right;} /* sc-component-id: journal_article__ArticleStickyBottomToolbar-sc-12fk6zy-1 */ @media (min-width:991.5px){.isgRZA .article_bottom_toolbar{top:292px;z-index:-10;}} /* sc-component-id: journal_article__BreadCrumbStyle-sc-12fk6zy-2 */ @media (min-width:991.5px){.bjwAQR{padding:16px 20px 24px;height:60px;}} /* sc-component-id: journal_article__ArticleBaseStyle-sc-12fk6zy-3 */ .NQpXC .content,.NQpXC .contentWrapper{overflow:visible;} /* sc-component-id: journal_article__BiblioIntegratorSidebar-sc-12fk6zy-4 */ .cYsVdk{max-width:350px;} @media (max-width:991.5px){.cYsVdk{display:none !important;}} /* sc-component-id: journal_article__BiblioIntegratorWidget-sc-12fk6zy-5 */ .dbAANp{background-color:#f5f5f5;padding:15px 20px 24px 20px;margin-top:2px;margin-bottom:20px;} @media (min-width:991.5px){.dbAANp{margin-top:-64px;margin-bottom:40px;}} .dbAANp .hrTitleRef{padding:0;margin-top:0;font-family:'IBM Plex Sans',sans-serif;} .dbAANp #biblio_widget{padding:0;}</style> </head> <body style="margin:0;box-sizing:border-box"> <div id="__next"> <div class="static_page"> <div class="page no__focus__outline"> <header class="sc-fjdhpX jzXSTA"> <div class="sc-bZQynM bNmdOy E_HUmlU2Hj3PpkDmWzKPd header__padding"> <div class="sc-kAzzGY epRoim mobileLogoFlex _1fpqArXPCxgnlv2rXZC2sl _1SoDWGr_FVsil9klRfjnhb"> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link" href="//www.newsama.com/" aria-label="Home"><img alt="标志”年代rc="https://preprod-admin.w2o.hindawi.com/themes/custom/hindawi_extended/logo.svg" class="sc-ckVGcZ gjctdt"></a> </div> <div class="sc-jzJRlG jGJLow mobileButtonFlex _2v1j-tLx3hx0tgKcpPzH6B _3wm8FgzqRuRWouJG31YgKx E_HUmlU2Hj3PpkDmWzKPd"> <nav class="sc-bxivhb ivbKJD"> <ul class="sc-ifAKCX fopjOz sc-kpOJdX kAzjOl"> <li class="navigation__link"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link link" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/" aria-label="Journals">期刊</一个></li> <li class="navigation__link"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link link" href="//www.newsama.com/publish-research/" aria-label="Publish with us">雷电竞下载苹果</a></li> <li class="navigation__link"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link link" href="//www.newsama.com/publishing-partnerships/" aria-label="Publishing partnerships">raybet推荐吗</a></li> <li class="navigation__link"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link link" href="//www.newsama.com/about/" aria-label="About us">关于我们</一个></li> <li class="navigation__link"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link link" href="//www.newsama.com/blog/" aria-label="Blog">博客</一个></li> </ul> </nav> <button class="sc-chPdSV hbVEoI icon__search" aria-label="Search"><span class="sc-htoDjs khbeDd icon__search icon-colored _3hSk3ArgsWMFh5QJIGblNr icon-themeable" title="" font-size="24"></span></button> <button aria-label="Hamburger Menu" class="sc-cSHVUG ldSkVQ"><span class="sc-htoDjs khbeDd hamburger icon-colored _20YUA8q5mREEBfJm8VsdXV icon-themeable" title="" font-size="24"></span></button> </div> </div> </header> <div class="sc-bZQynM bNmdOy"></div> <main class="baseContent__Main-sc-134g3di-2 cmzomn article__BaseStyle-sc-10qhnp8-0 gnduKR DADtd11SJ4KyWZ2l6zAnr base_style journal_article__ArticleBaseStyle-sc-12fk6zy-3 NQpXC"> <div class="sc-bZQynM bNmdOy width_wrapper"> <div id="journal__navigation" class="sc-cbkKFq kuxTps article__StickyStyle-sc-10qhnp8-1 fJLQxX"> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link article__WhiteWrapper-sc-10qhnp8-5 bJcSpM" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cmmm/" aria-label=""><h2 class="sc-eHgmQL fTkdCR article__SubtitleStyled-sc-10qhnp8-2 elhyhe _1ZrXcsbATVL_kHOpFAan9k">计算和数学方法在医学</h2></a> <button class="article__JournalMenuTitle-sc-10qhnp8-3 jCfZqq journalNavCheck" id="journalMenuTitle"><span>+</年代p一个n>杂志菜单</button> <div class="sc-bdVaJa EwsTm isHide" id="fadeOut"></div> <div class="sc-cjHlYL hYnXNL"> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-dRaagA hGCBfz article-toolbar-link" href="//www.newsama.com/downloads/journals/cmmm/2011/375059.pdf" aria-label="" target="_blank"><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl sc-fEUNkw dfaOeH article_toolbar_icon" title="" role="presentation" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/next_assets/wyT4heYybLmt1UEJexPE9/_next/static/node_modules/hindawi-ui/src/icon/svg/pdf.svg" height="24">PDF<我米g alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl sc-dREXXX cqhPZs" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="24"></a> </div> <nav id="journal__nav" class="sc-hGoxap dEfJbW article__JournalNavigationStyle-sc-10qhnp8-4 gaRePw isHide journalNavCheck"> <div class="sc-giadOv eBepOs journalNavCheck"> <button class="sc-hSdWYo etauus sc-fjmCvl fSPaCp journalNavCheck" color="">日报》概述<年代p一个n class="sc-htoDjs gvAGTV sc-bHwgHz ctePXh journalNavCheck icon__inactive icon-white _1CwL9R82TPl2HxDleeYGDR icon-themeable" title="" font-size="9"></span><span class="sc-htoDjs gvAGTV sc-bHwgHz ctePXh journalNavCheck icon__active icon-colored icon__hidden _1CwL9R82TPl2HxDleeYGDR icon-themeable" title="" font-size="9"></span></button> </div> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-TFwJa gCIfTO" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cmmm/guidelines/" aria-label="For authors">对于作者</一个> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-TFwJa gCIfTO" href="//www.newsama.com/publish-research/reviewers/" aria-label="For reviewers">对于审查员</一个> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-TFwJa gCIfTO" href="//www.newsama.com/publish-research/editors/" aria-label="For editors">的编辑器</一个> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-TFwJa gCIfTO" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cmmm/contents/year/2022/" aria-label="Table of Contents">表的内容</一个> <div class="sc-giadOv eBepOs journalNavCheck"> <button class="sc-hSdWYo etauus sc-fjmCvl bVEEaH journalNavCheck" color="">特殊的问题<年代p一个n class="sc-htoDjs gvAGTV sc-bHwgHz ctePXh journalNavCheck icon__inactive icon-white _1CwL9R82TPl2HxDleeYGDR icon-themeable" title="" font-size="9"></span><span class="sc-htoDjs gvAGTV sc-bHwgHz ctePXh journalNavCheck icon__active icon-colored icon__hidden _1CwL9R82TPl2HxDleeYGDR icon-themeable" title="" font-size="9"></span></button> </div> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-jtRfpW hHKuAX submit__button journalNavCheck" href="https://review.hindawi.com/submit?journal=cmmm" aria-label="" target="" id=""><span><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl sc-kTUwUJ jUTgTa" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHhtbG5zOnhsaW5rPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8xOTk5L3hsaW5rIiB3aWR0aD0iMTgiIGhlaWdodD0iMjIiIHZpZXdCb3g9IjAgMCAxOCAyMiI+PGRlZnM+PGNsaXBQYXRoIGlkPSJhIj48cGF0aCBkPSJNMywyMmEzLDMsMCwwLDEtMy0zVjNBMywzLDAsMCwxLDMsMGg4YS45OTEuOTkxLDAsMCwxLC41NzMuMTgxbDAsMCwuMDA4LjAwNmEuOTU1Ljk1NSwwLDAsMSwuMTIyLjFsNiw2YTEuMDI1LDEuMDI1LDAsMCwxLC4xLjEyMmwuMDA2LjAxLDAsMEExLDEsMCwwLDEsMTgsNi45NzVWMTlhMywzLDAsMCwxLTMsM1pNMiwzVjE5YTEsMSwwLDAsMCwxLDFIMTVhMSwxLDAsMCwwLDEtMVY4SDExYTEsMSwwLDAsMS0xLTFWMkgzQTEsMSwwLDAsMCwyLDNaTTEyLDZoMi41ODdMMTIsMy40MTRaTTgsMTdWMTVINmExLDEsMCwwLDEsMC0ySDhWMTFhMSwxLDAsMSwxLDIsMHYyaDJhMSwxLDAsMCwxLDAsMkgxMHYyYTEsMSwwLDAsMS0yLDBaIiB0cmFuc2Zvcm09InRyYW5zbGF0ZSgzIDEpIi8+PC9jbGlwUGF0aD48L2RlZnM+PGcgdHJhbnNmb3JtPSJ0cmFuc2xhdGUoLTMgLTEpIj48cGF0aCBkPSJNMywyMmEzLDMsMCwwLDEtMy0zVjNBMywzLDAsMCwxLDMsMGg4YS45OTEuOTkxLDAsMCwxLC41NzMuMTgxbDAsMCwuMDA4LjAwNmEuOTU1Ljk1NSwwLDAsMSwuMTIyLjFsNiw2YTEuMDI1LDEuMDI1LDAsMCwxLC4xLjEyMmwuMDA2LjAxLDAsMEExLDEsMCwwLDEsMTgsNi45NzVWMTlhMywzLDAsMCwxLTMsM1pNMiwzVjE5YTEsMSwwLDAsMCwxLDFIMTVhMSwxLDAsMCwwLDEtMVY4SDExYTEsMSwwLDAsMS0xLTFWMkgzQTEsMSwwLDAsMCwyLDNaTTEyLDZoMi41ODdMMTIsMy40MTRaTTgsMTdWMTVINmExLDEsMCwwLDEsMC0ySDhWMTFhMSwxLDAsMSwxLDIsMHYyaDJhMSwxLDAsMCwxLDAsMkgxMHYyYTEsMSwwLDAsMS0yLDBaIiB0cmFuc2Zvcm09InRyYW5zbGF0ZSgzIDEpIi8+PGcgY2xpcC1wYXRoPSJ1cmwoI2EpIj48cmVjdCB3aWR0aD0iMjQiIGhlaWdodD0iMjQiIGZpbGw9InJnYmEoMCwwLDAsMCkiLz48cmVjdCB3aWR0aD0iMjQiIGhlaWdodD0iMjQiIGZpbGw9IiNmZmYiLz48L2c+PC9nPjwvc3ZnPg==" height="24"><span class="text">提交</年代p一个n></span><span class="sc-htoDjs kNoiZu sc-dqBHgY cQgXqt fileArrow icon-colored undefined icon-themeable" title="" font-size="16"></span></a> <div class="sc-krDsej ewCAZX hide__submenu journalSubmenuCheck" id="journalnav__submenu"> <button class="sc-itybZL kdvWPs journalSubmenuCheck"><span class="sc-htoDjs gvAGTV sc-fzsDOv hAFFGk journalSubmenuCheck icon-colored _1CwL9R82TPl2HxDleeYGDR icon-themeable" title="" font-size="9"></span></button> </div> <div class="sc-dTdPqK lkWWFY hide__submenu journal__nav__desktop" id="journalnav__submenudesktop"> <div order="0" class="sc-kUaPvJ ehYbwJ"> <div class="sc-gPWkxV legory"></div> <div class="sc-gPWkxV legory"></div> </div> <div class="sc-jVODtj epgILe"></div> <span class="sc-fONwsr kCfRMJ"></span> </div> </nav> </div> <div class="sc-nrwXf byflLi breadcrumb__wrapper journal_article__BreadCrumbStyle-sc-12fk6zy-2 bjwAQR article"> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-eitiEO jXeALb breadCrumb" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cmmm/" aria-label="Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine">计算和数学方法在医学</一个>/<一个class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-eitiEO jXeALb breadCrumb" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cmmm/contents/year/2011/" aria-label="2011">2011年</一个>/<年代p一个n class="sc-bhlBdH UVThf">文章</年代p一个n> </div> <div class="threeColumn__ThreeColumnWrapper-sc-1bf4078-0 dDyxFF threeColumnWrapper"> <div class="threeColumn__LeftWrapper-sc-1bf4078-1 fkVFlF leftWrapper"> <button type="button" class="sc-eKZiaR dzZrgS section__button " id="sectionButton"><span class="sc-htoDjs diutvq icon__dots dots__detector icon-colored _3n-7Ho7DlfjMlZbrRr9Q4a icon-themeable" title="" font-size="22"></span>文章部分</button> <div class="sc-bEjcJn jLUVhb static_contents__section_links links__hidden "> <div id="leftSectionMenu" class="sc-cbkKFq prcY sc-bGbJRg dVCLgr left_section_menu"> <p>在这一页上</p> <span class="sc-likbZx bBmZJZ grey" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-ePZHVD ewHMLz" href="#abstract" aria-label="">文摘</一个></span> <span class="sc-likbZx bBmZJZ grey" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-ePZHVD ewHMLz" href="#introduction" aria-label="">介绍</一个></span> <span class="sc-likbZx bBmZJZ grey" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-ePZHVD ewHMLz" href="#methods" aria-label="">方法</一个></span> <span class="sc-likbZx bBmZJZ grey" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-ePZHVD ewHMLz" href="#results" aria-label="">结果</一个></span> <span class="sc-likbZx bBmZJZ grey" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-ePZHVD ewHMLz" href="#discussion" aria-label="">讨论</一个></span> <span class="sc-likbZx bBmZJZ grey" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-ePZHVD ewHMLz" href="#references" aria-label="">引用</一个></span> <span class="sc-likbZx bBmZJZ grey" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-ePZHVD ewHMLz" href="#copyright" aria-label="">版权</一个></span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="threeColumn__ContentWrapper-sc-1bf4078-3 bbzREB contentWrapper"> <div class="threeColumn__Content-sc-1bf4078-4 jknsZc content"> <div class="articleContent__ArticleContentsWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-0 eSvjPB article_contents"> <div class="articleContent__ArticleContentsSectionsWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-1 jntdRu article_contents__sections_wrapper"> <div class="articleContent__ArticleWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-2 hAzjHP"> <div class="sc-chbbiW mBGSe article_header_class"> <p class="sc-kZmsYB bkiEfx article_type">研究文章|开放获取</p> <div class="sc-RcBXQ ztvYg article_citation"> 体积 2011年 <span class="sc-fZwumE cUsFHx">|</年代p一个n>文章的ID 375059年 <span class="sc-fZwumE cUsFHx">|</年代p一个n> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-fQejPQ duuwge" href="https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/375059" aria-label="Doi-link">https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/375059</一个> </div> <div class="sc-LKuAh lcOiDF article_full_citation"> <div class="sc-hzNEM gsmOCv isHide"> <p>尼古拉斯·p·Charteris布拉德利·j·罗斯, ”<年代p一个n class="adjust-article-svg-size">超极化和兴奋性如何影响传播通过一个虚拟的阳极的心</年代p一个n>”,<i>计算和数学方法在医学</我>, 卷。2011年, 文章的ID375059年, 8   页面, 2011年。 https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/375059</p> </div> <button class="sc-hSdWYo etauus sc-iBEsjs kPshFw" color="">显示引用</button> </div> <h1 class="sc-iRbamj jZOxOO sc-iSDuPN kEVvRd article_title adjust-article-svg-size heading-title">超极化和兴奋性如何影响传播通过一个虚拟的阳极的心</h1> </div> <div class="sc-jrIrqw eHMFfo article_authors"> <hr class="sc-cEvuZC XkrFe hr__author"> <span class="">尼古拉斯·p·Charteris<年代up>1</年代up>和</年代p一个n> <span class=""><b>布拉德利·j·罗斯</b><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link" href="mailto:" aria-label="Mail Option"><span class="sc-htoDjs kNoiZu sc-hjRWVT irNWJI icon-colored _2zt-1j0LmaF8UjTQAM413G icon-themeable" title="" font-size="16"></span></a><sup>1</年代up></span> <div class="sc-fHxwqH dMuGGA isHide"> <p><sup>1</年代up><span>奥克兰大学物理系,罗彻斯特小姐48309,美国</年代p一个n></p> </div> <button class="sc-hSdWYo etauus sc-iQtOjA kfDwZY" color="">显示更多</button> </div> <div class="articleContent__EditorWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-3 evMkvU"> <div class="articleContent__TextWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-8 fYrLtk"> <b>学术编辑器:</b>Sivabal Sivaloganathan</d我v> <div class="articleContent__PublicationTimeLineWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-4 fjviok"> <div class="articleContent__PublcationCol-sc-2yl9jy-5 hgKieC notPublished"> <span class="articleContent__PublicationField-sc-2yl9jy-6 cIribm">收到了</年代p一个n> <span class="articleContent__PublicationValue-sc-2yl9jy-7 khHUcu">2010年9月16日</年代p一个n> </div> <div class="articleContent__PublcationCol-sc-2yl9jy-5 hgKieC notPublished"> <span class="articleContent__PublicationField-sc-2yl9jy-6 cIribm">接受</年代p一个n> <span class="articleContent__PublicationValue-sc-2yl9jy-7 khHUcu">2010年12月16日</年代p一个n> </div> <div class="articleContent__PublcationCol-sc-2yl9jy-5 hgKieC isPublished"> <span class="articleContent__PublicationField-sc-2yl9jy-6 cIribm">发表</年代p一个n> <span class="articleContent__PublicationValue-sc-2yl9jy-7 khHUcu">2011年1月13日</年代p一个n> </div> </div> </div> <article class="sc-jtRlXQ gvEcCq article_body "> <div> <div class="xml-content"> <h4 class="header" id="abstract">文摘</h4> <p>研究人员建议,触觉波前的命运的边缘“虚拟阳极”(地区超极化的冲击)是一个关键因素决定成功或失败在心脏去纤颤状态。在本文中,我们使用一个简单的一维计算机模型检查通过超极化区域传播速度。我们的目标是通过虚拟测试假设快速传播阳极传播可能导致失败的边缘虚拟阳极。计算支持这一假设,表明钠失活的时间常数门是一个重要的参数。这些结果可能是重要的理解机制脆弱性的上限。</p> <span class="end-abs"></span> <h4 id="introduction">1。介绍</h4> <p>在美国,每年有成千上万的人死于心脏性猝死,其中绝大多数死亡引起的心室纤维性颤动。如果你的心有原纤维的开始,你只能存活几分钟,除非由强烈的电击复苏:去颤。医疗器械行业是一个数十亿美元的产业,然而去纤颤器设计经验。直到我们有一个完整的理解去颤,我们不能去纤颤器从第一原理设计。</p> <p>科学家研究使用各种工具和从各种角度去纤颤状态(<一个href="#B1">1</一个>]。两个过去几十年的发展尤为重要。第一个被发现Fabiato et al。<一个href="#B2">2</一个>)的“上限”的漏洞(ULV)。疲软的冲击不会诱导再入心脏。强冲击时间在“脆弱期”可以启动再入,这常常衰变为纤维性颤动。令人惊讶的是,一个更强大的冲击不会产生再入。ULV被定义为最强的冲击导致再入和往往是类似于去颤阈值(<一个href="#B3">3</一个>]。一个假设是,一个成功的去颤震不仅必须停止先前存在的颤动也不得reinduce颤动的初始再入使用冲击机制弱于ULV [<一个href="#B4">4</一个>,<一个href="#B5">5</一个>]。这个上限的脆弱性假说是实验室测试和精制Ideker和陈和实验支持(<一个href="#B3">3</一个>- - - - - -<一个href="#B7">7</一个>]。</p> <p>第二个是虚拟电极假说<一个href="#B8">8</一个>- - - - - -<一个href="#B11">11</一个>]。1998年,Efimov et al。<一个href="#B12">12</一个>]介绍了一个“虚拟electrode-induced相位奇点的概念。“触觉超极化deexcites心脏组织,创建一个兴奋的区域,波方面可以通过传播,“虚拟阳极”。震惊之后,一个电紧张电位去极化的和超极化组织之间的相互作用在边界触发一个波前,“激励”<一个href="#B13">13</一个>],它只能在一个方向上传播到新创建的region-resulting形成的相位奇点和可重入电路(<一个href="#B14">14</一个>]。</p> <p>如何虚拟electrode-induced相位奇点ULV假说解释?一些研究人员(<一个href="#B15">15</一个>- - - - - -<一个href="#B18">18</一个>]提出一种机制:一个强大的冲击导致快速传播通过超极化组织,这样的波前到达边缘的虚拟阳极周围组织尚未恢复兴奋性和波前死亡。疲软的冲击导致波前传播通过虚拟阳极较为缓慢,周围组织提供足够的时间恢复。程等。<一个href="#B15">15</一个>)发现postshock波前的速度的大小取决于超极化的震惊和再入发生只有当这个速度缓慢。班维尔et al。<一个href="#B16">16</一个>)在他们的实验中,观察到类似的结果和罗德里格斯和Trayanova<一个href="#B18">18</一个>)使用全心数值模拟预测类似的行为。</p> <p>这些结果表明,触觉波前的速度决定如果再入的发展是至关重要的。在本文中,我们使用一个简单的一维计算机模型检查通过超极化区域传播速度。我们的目的是测试假设快速传播通过一个虚拟的阳极可以导致传播失败的边缘虚拟阳极。</p> <h4 id="methods">2。方法</h4> <p>我们考虑一维链的心脏组织由电缆方程<年代p一个n class="equation" id="EEq1"> <svg height="41.849998" id="M1" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 41.849998" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,41.85)"> <g transform="translate(72,-38.52)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,106.92,53.71)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.58" y="-7.25"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.969032" y="-7.25"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 117.5,56.84 16.4,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,120.55,44.96)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3765302" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.01" y="-8.75"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.050388" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,157.35,50.59)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 年代</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.3432641" y="0"> t</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.77632" y="0"> 我</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.2093763" y="0"> 米</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,175.64,53.71)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,193.73,50.59)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 米</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> e</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.694944" y="0"> 米</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,214.52,53.71)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.98" y="-9.2399998"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,250.65,59.82)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,253.87,62.95)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,260.02,59.82)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 227.05,56.84 54.8,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,227.05,43.13)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.0600004" y="2.51"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.92" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,248.12,40.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,254.12,43.13)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.327718" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,271.61,40.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,276,40.62)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.25" y="-20.34"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,290.64,66.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,295.51,60.96)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 284.25,56.84 21.26,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,285.81,44.59)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.3765302" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,299.07,48.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,306.71,53.71)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="167.41" y="1.58"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="171.5735" y="1.58"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="177.825" y="1.58"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span>在哪里<年代vg height="10.575" id="M2" style="vertical-align:-0.20064pt;width:12.625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 12.625 10.575" width="12.625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.575)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.54)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>跨膜电位,<年代vg height="14.35" id="M3" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt;width:31.0625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 31.0625 14.35" width="31.0625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.35)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.52)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.2,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 米</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> e</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.694944" y="0"> 米</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>是膜电流,<年代vg height="14.35" id="M4" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt;width:27.950001px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 27.950001 14.35" width="27.950001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.35)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.52)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.2,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 年代</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.3432641" y="0"> t</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.77632" y="0"> 我</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.2093763" y="0"> 米</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>是一个应用膜电流刺激,<年代vg height="10.6125" id="M5" style="vertical-align:-0.15048pt;width:11.8625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.8625 10.6125" width="11.8625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.6125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.51)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.71)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>薄膜电容(0.01 F / m<年代up>2</年代up>),<年代vg height="11.05" id="M6" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:11.8375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.8375 11.05" width="11.8375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.05)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.16)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.8,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<年代vg height="11.05" id="M7" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:13.3px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 13.3 11.05" width="13.3" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.05)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.16)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.8,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>是细胞间和细胞外导率(每个0.186 S / m),然后呢<年代vg height="13.425" id="M8" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:8.8500004px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.8500004 13.425" width="8.8500004" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.425)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.26)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>的表面体积比(0.3吗<我>μ</我>米<年代up>−1</年代up>)。在数值模拟中,我们近似衍生品使用显式有限差分方法<年代p一个n class="equation" id="EEq2"> <svg height="150.58749" id="M9" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 150.58749" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,150.5875)"> <g transform="translate(72,48.47)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,75.13,63.49)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.077898" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.241398" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.930502" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.283226" y="0"> Δ</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="43.31039" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="47.223831" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="52.425079" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="59.301727" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="66.253395" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="77.59362" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="89.671516" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="93.835014" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="97.748451" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="102.9622" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="109.83885" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 75.13,58.4 114.01,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,125.67,46.52)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-38.299999" y="31.43"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-23.5" y="24.18"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> Δ</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.0271664" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 100.6,18.22 9.39,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,100.6,6.34)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.67" y="0.98000002"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.940001" y="-8.75"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,128.29,11.96)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 年代</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.334512" y="0"> t</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.7675681" y="0"> 我</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.2006245" y="0"> 米</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,146.58,15.09)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.327718" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,164.67,11.96)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 米</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> e</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.694944" y="0"> 米</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,185.45,15.09)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.98" y="-9.2399998"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,221.58,21.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,224.8,24.33)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,230.96,21.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 197.99,18.22 54.8,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,197.99,4.51)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.0600004" y="2.51"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.91" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,219.05,1.39)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,225.05,4.51)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,242.55,1.39)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,246.94,2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-131.78" y="34.32"> ×</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-122.58" y="26.1"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-110.50211" y="26.1"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-106.3386" y="26.1"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-102.42516" y="26.1"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-97.211411" y="26.1"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-87.559097" y="26.1"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-76.21888" y="26.1"> Δ</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-67.191711" y="26.1"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-60.31506" y="26.1"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-53.363392" y="26.1"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-42.02317" y="26.1"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-35.771671" y="26.1"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-23.693773" y="26.1"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-19.530273" y="26.1"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-15.616835" y="26.1"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-10.403084" y="26.1"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-3.5264339" y="26.1"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="3.4127309" y="26.1"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.765455" y="26.1"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.843353" y="26.1"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.006851" y="26.1"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.920292" y="26.1"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.134041" y="26.1"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="49.786358" y="26.1"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="61.126579" y="26.1"> Δ</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="70.153748" y="26.1"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="77.030396" y="26.1"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 124.36,-29.2 203.79,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,215.86,-41.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> Δ</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.0271664" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,231.77,-38)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,329.34,-42.06)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.35" y="-9.7399998"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="144.78" y="-50.700001"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="148.9435" y="-50.700001"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="155.19499" y="-50.700001"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span>初始电压静态电位,<年代vg height="14.8375" id="M10" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt;width:82.862503px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 82.862503 14.8375" width="82.862503" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.8375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.13)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.4)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.76,60.27)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> r</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.8969121" y="0"> e</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.7828002" y="0"> 年代</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.117312" y="0"> t</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-48.24,63.4)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.592442" y="0"> 8</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.843941" y="0"> 4</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.09544" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.221191" y="0"> 6</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>mV。链是20毫米长,密封的目的。太空步<年代vg height="10.8" id="M11" style="vertical-align:-0.11285pt;width:20px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 20 10.8" width="20" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.8)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.36)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.52)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> Δ</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.0271664" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>0.1毫米,时间步长<年代vg height="10.8" id="M12" style="vertical-align:-0.11285pt;width:16.299999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16.299999 10.8" width="16.299999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.8)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.36)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.52)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> Δ</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.0271664" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>是0.005毫秒。</p> <p>细胞膜电流计算使用Beeler-Reuter模型(<一个href="#B19">19</一个>),包括四个方面:<年代vg height="14.3625" id="M13" style="vertical-align:-3.23158pt;width:21.75px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 21.75 14.3625" width="21.75" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.51)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.2,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> N</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.1701598" y="0"> 一个</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,<年代vg height="14.3625" id="M14" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:14px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 14 14.3625" width="14" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.51)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.2,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,<年代vg height="14.2375" id="M15" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:22.549999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 22.549999 14.2375" width="22.549999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.2375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.61)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.2,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> K</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-58.88,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,<年代vg height="14.3375" id="M16" style="vertical-align:-3.21404pt;width:20.674999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 20.674999 14.3375" width="20.674999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.53)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.2,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8136001" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。钾离子电流<年代vg height="14.3375" id="M17" style="vertical-align:-3.21404pt;width:20.674999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 20.674999 14.3375" width="20.674999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.53)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.2,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8136001" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<年代vg height="14.2375" id="M18" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:22.549999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 22.549999 14.2375" width="22.549999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.2375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.61)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.2,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> K</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-58.88,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>都是依赖于电压,<年代vg height="14.3375" id="M19" style="vertical-align:-3.21404pt;width:20.674999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 20.674999 14.3375" width="20.674999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.53)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.2,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8136001" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>也依赖于时间。<年代vg height="14.3625" id="M20" style="vertical-align:-3.23158pt;width:21.75px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 21.75 14.3625" width="21.75" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.51)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.2,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> N</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.1701598" y="0"> 一个</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<年代vg height="14.3625" id="M21" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:14px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 14 14.3625" width="14" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.51)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.2,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>钠钠和钙电流,电流主要负责一击的动作电位。模型包含8个变量:<年代vg height="10.575" id="M22" style="vertical-align:-0.20064pt;width:12.625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 12.625 10.575" width="12.625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.575)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.54)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>、细胞内钙浓度(Ca)和六个离子通道盖茨:<年代vg height="7.1374998" id="M23" style="vertical-align:-0.10033pt;width:11.225px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.225 7.1374998" width="11.225" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.1375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-66.29)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,<年代vg height="10.95" id="M24" style="vertical-align:-0.1254pt;width:9.1374998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.1374998 10.95" width="9.1374998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.95)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.41)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ℎ</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,<年代vg height="12.675" id="M25" style="vertical-align:-2.34499pt;width:7.1374998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 7.1374998 12.675" width="7.1374998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.675)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.86)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>(钠电流)<我>,</我> <svg height="13.4875" id="M26" style="vertical-align:-2.34499pt;width:10.675px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 10.675 13.4875" width="10.675" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.4875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.21)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg><i>,</我> <svg height="10.75" id="M27" style="vertical-align:-0.15048pt;width:9.375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.375 10.75" width="9.375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.75)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.4)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>(钙电流)<年代vg height="10.925" id="M28" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:14.8125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 14.8125 10.925" width="14.8125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.925)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.26)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>(钾电流)。</p> <p>Beeler-Reuter模型中,一个强大的超极化导致不稳定指数的性质<年代vg height="14.2375" id="M29" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:22.549999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 22.549999 14.2375" width="22.549999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.2375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.61)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.2,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> K</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-58.88,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<年代vg height="14.3375" id="M30" style="vertical-align:-3.21404pt;width:20.674999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 20.674999 14.3375" width="20.674999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.53)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.2,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8136001" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。为了避免这个问题,我们假设<年代vg height="11.0625" id="M31" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt;width:62.650002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 62.650002 11.0625" width="62.650002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.15)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.652556" y="0"> <</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.692945" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.2575" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.508999" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="43.760502" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>mV的电流<年代vg height="14.2375" id="M32" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:22.549999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 22.549999 14.2375" width="22.549999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.2375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.61)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.2,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> K</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-58.88,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<年代vg height="19.487499" id="M33" style="vertical-align:-3.21404pt;width:22.549999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 22.549999 19.487499" width="22.549999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,19.4875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-56.41)"> <g> <path d="m -71.95,70.71 8.25,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,59.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.7,56.53)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8136001" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>电压是线性函数(<一个href="#B13">13</一个>]:<年代p一个n class="equation" id="EEq3"> <svg height="47.012501" id="M34" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 47.012501" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,47.0125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-34.39)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,113.39,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,120.14,60.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> K</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,126.46,60.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,134.81,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.592442" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.843941" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.96969" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.221191" y="0"> 7</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.472691" y="0"> 6</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="48.72419" y="0"> 5</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="54.975693" y="0"> 6</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="64.002853" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="75.355583" y="0"> 5</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="81.607079" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="84.732834" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="90.984329" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="97.235832" y="0"> 9</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="105.56283" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="109.72633" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="119.69122" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="131.04395" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="137.29544" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="140.42119" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="146.6727" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="152.92419" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="159.17569" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="165.41469" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 113.39,49.24 8.25,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,113.39,38.19)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,121.64,35.06)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8136001" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,134.8,38.19)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.592442" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.843941" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.96969" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.221191" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.472691" y="0"> 7</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="48.72419" y="0"> 7</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="54.975693" y="0"> 6</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="64.015358" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="75.355583" y="0"> 6</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="81.607079" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="84.732834" y="0"> 4</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="90.984329" y="0"> 4</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="97.235832" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="105.57533" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="109.73883" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="119.70372" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="131.04395" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="137.29544" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="140.42119" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="146.6727" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="152.92419" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="159.17569" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="165.4272" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="339.32001" y="-11.88"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="343.48349" y="-11.88"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="349.73499" y="-11.88"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span>在哪里<年代vg height="14.2375" id="M35" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:22.549999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 22.549999 14.2375" width="22.549999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.2375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.61)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.2,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> K</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-58.88,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<年代vg height="19.487499" id="M36" style="vertical-align:-3.21404pt;width:22.549999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 22.549999 19.487499" width="22.549999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,19.4875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-56.41)"> <g> <path d="m -71.95,70.71 8.25,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,59.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.7,56.53)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8136001" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>在A / m<年代up>2</年代up>,<年代vg height="10.575" id="M37" style="vertical-align:-0.20064pt;width:12.625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 12.625 10.575" width="12.625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.575)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.54)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>在伏,<年代vg height="19.487499" id="M38" style="vertical-align:-3.21404pt;width:22.549999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 22.549999 19.487499" width="22.549999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,19.4875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-56.41)"> <g> <path d="m -71.95,70.71 8.25,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,59.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-63.7,56.53)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8136001" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>用于计算的<年代vg height="14.3375" id="M39" style="vertical-align:-3.21404pt;width:20.674999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 20.674999 14.3375" width="20.674999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.53)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.2,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.8136001" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>通过乘以门变量<年代vg height="10.925" id="M40" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:14.8125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 14.8125 10.925" width="14.8125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.925)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.26)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。此外,强烈的刺激会导致(Ca)变成负的。为了解决这个问题,我们要求(Ca) > 0<一个href="#B13">13</一个>]。最后,不稳定出现由于快速反应的离子通道盖茨(特别是<年代vg height="7.1374998" id="M41" style="vertical-align:-0.10033pt;width:11.225px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.225 7.1374998" width="11.225" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.1375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-66.29)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>门)偏振。盖茨应保持在0和1之间,但有时偏离这一范围时时间常数低于时间步<年代vg height="10.8" id="M42" style="vertical-align:-0.11285pt;width:16.299999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16.299999 10.8" width="16.299999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.8)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.36)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.52)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> Δ</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.0271664" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。为了防止这种情况的发生,我们要求所有时间常数大于或等于<年代vg height="10.8" id="M43" style="vertical-align:-0.11285pt;width:16.299999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16.299999 10.8" width="16.299999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.8)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.36)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.52)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> Δ</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.0271664" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>(<一个href="#B13">13</一个>]。</p> <p>确定初始条件,我们运行了一个足够长的仿真确保<年代vg height="10.575" id="M44" style="vertical-align:-0.20064pt;width:12.625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 12.625 10.575" width="12.625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.575)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.54)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,盖茨(Ca),达到稳态值。在所有其他的模拟中,我们应用5-ms-duration S1刺激组织开始休息<年代vg height="10.9125" id="M45" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:32.224998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 32.224998 10.9125" width="32.224998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.37677" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.417158" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。S1刺激<年代vg height="16.612499" id="M46" style="vertical-align:-5.03984pt;width:80.712502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 80.712502 16.612499" width="80.712502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.6125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-58.71)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.2,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 年代</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.3432641" y="0"> t</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.77632" y="0"> 我</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.2093763" y="0"> 米</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-46.22,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-27.43,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> d</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> e</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.2618876" y="0"> p</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="12.637888" y="0"> o</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="17.013887" y="0"> l</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>去偏光最左边的1毫米的组织(<年代vg height="11.0625" id="M47" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt;width:63.125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 63.125 11.0625" width="63.125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.15)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.7148314" y="0"> <</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.75522" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.107704" y="0"> <</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="44.148094" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>毫米)。同时,接下来的9毫米(<年代vg height="11.0625" id="M48" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt;width:97.862503px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 97.862503 11.0625" width="97.862503" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.15)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.3269978" y="0"> 米</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.054333" y="0"> 米</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.2575" y="0"> <</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="43.29789" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="53.637871" y="0"> <</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="65.678261" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="71.929756" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>毫米)是使用当前超极化<年代vg height="16.625" id="M49" style="vertical-align:-5.04861pt;width:81.087502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 81.087502 16.625" width="81.087502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-58.7)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.2,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 年代</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.3432641" y="0"> t</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.77632" y="0"> 我</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.2093763" y="0"> 米</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-46.22,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-27.43,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> h</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.209712" y="0"> y</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.5857124" y="0"> p</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="12.961712" y="0"> e</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="16.847601" y="0"> r</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,<年代p一个n class="equation" id="EEq5"> <svg height="35.224998" id="M50" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 35.224998" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,35.225)"> <g transform="translate(72,-43.82)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,166.73,52.75)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,173.48,49.62)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> h</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.209712" y="0"> y</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.5857124" y="0"> p</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="12.961712" y="0"> e</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="16.847601" y="0"> r</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,197.21,52.75)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.790001" y="-11.04"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,225.76,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> d</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> e</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.2618876" y="0"> p</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="12.637888" y="0"> o</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="17.013887" y="0"> l</t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 219,55.87 26.7,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,228.83,43.99)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.07" y="-8.7600002"> ,</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="245.28999" y="-10.79"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="249.45351" y="-10.79"> 4</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="255.705" y="-10.79"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span>在哪里<年代vg height="11.0375" id="M51" style="vertical-align:-0.27588pt;width:36.137501px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 36.137501 11.0375" width="36.137501" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.17)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.515023" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.555412" y="0"> 9</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。这个超极化区域模拟中观察到的“虚拟阳极”单极心脏刺激(<一个href="#B20">20.</一个>),发现在Efimov等的实验<一个href="#B12">12</一个>]。该地区<年代vg height="11.0625" id="M52" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt;width:105.675px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 105.675 11.0625" width="105.675" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.15)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.2515001" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.578498" y="0"> 米</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.305832" y="0"> 米</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.508999" y="0"> <</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="49.549389" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="59.88937" y="0"> <</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="71.929756" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="78.181259" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>mm不是刺激(<年代vg height="14.7125" id="M53" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt;width:55.150002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 55.150002 14.7125" width="55.150002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.23)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.2,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 年代</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.3432641" y="0"> t</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.77632" y="0"> 我</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.2093763" y="0"> 米</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-46.22,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)。组织是休息的刺激阈值<年代vg height="17.1" id="M54" style="vertical-align:-5.03984pt;width:95.862503px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 95.862503 17.1" width="95.862503" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,17.1)"> <g transform="translate(72,-58.32)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.4)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.2,60.27)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> d</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> e</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.2618876" y="0"> p</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="12.637888" y="0"> o</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="17.013887" y="0"> l</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-41.78,63.4)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.405136" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.656635" y="0"> 6</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.908134" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.159637" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>/米<年代up>2</年代up>。所有模拟除了那些找到休息的阈值,我们修复S1作为阈值的两倍,<年代vg height="16.975" id="M55" style="vertical-align:-5.03984pt;width:88.050003px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 88.050003 16.975" width="88.050003" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.975)"> <g transform="translate(72,-58.42)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.2,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> d</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> e</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.2618876" y="0"> p</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="12.637888" y="0"> o</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="17.013887" y="0"> l</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-41.78,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.405136" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.656635" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.908134" y="0"> 7</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>/米<年代up>2</年代up>。</p> <p>第一个刺激产生动作电位,传播链。我们应用第二个5 ms刺激,S2,开始时间<年代vg height="12.8875" id="M56" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:11.1125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.1125 12.8875" width="11.1125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.8875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.69)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.86)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-68.04,61.74)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>快结束时S1动作电位的不应期。再次,该地区<年代vg height="11.0625" id="M57" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt;width:63.125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 63.125 11.0625" width="63.125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.15)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.7148314" y="0"> <</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.75522" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.107704" y="0"> <</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="44.148094" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>去极化的mm,该地区<年代vg height="11.0625" id="M58" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt;width:97.862503px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 97.862503 11.0625" width="97.862503" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.15)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.3269978" y="0"> 米</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.054333" y="0"> 米</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.2575" y="0"> <</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="43.29789" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="53.637871" y="0"> <</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="65.678261" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="71.929756" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>毫米超极化,去极化刺激电流九倍的超极化电流刺激。在模拟使用踱步率较高,十S1刺激应用每400毫秒,其次是S2。在一个模拟,S1是一致的(<年代vg height="16.612499" id="M59" style="vertical-align:-5.03984pt;width:80.712502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 80.712502 16.612499" width="80.712502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.6125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-58.71)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.2,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 年代</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.3432641" y="0"> t</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.77632" y="0"> 我</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.2093763" y="0"> 米</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-46.22,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-27.43,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> d</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> e</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.2618876" y="0"> p</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="12.637888" y="0"> o</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="17.013887" y="0"> l</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>在整个链<年代vg height="11.0625" id="M60" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt;width:70.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 70.9375 11.0625" width="70.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.15)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.7148314" y="0"> <</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.75522" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.107704" y="0"> <</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="44.148094" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="50.399593" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>毫米),但S2是如前所述。</p> <p>传播的速度<年代vg height="7.1624999" id="M61" style="vertical-align:-0.11285pt;width:7.5374999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 7.5374999 7.1624999" width="7.5374999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.1625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-66.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>是由发现时间吗<年代vg height="13" id="M62" style="vertical-align:-3.22282pt;width:28.125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 28.125 13" width="28.125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.6)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.86)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-68.04,61.74)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 米</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> 一个</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.694944" y="0"> x</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>当<年代vg height="10.9375" id="M63" style="vertical-align:-0.20064pt;width:34.974998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 34.974998 10.9375" width="34.974998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.25)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.6515961" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.840821" y="0"> /</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.316654" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.96825" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>最大(在一击)为每个点<年代vg height="7.1624999" id="M64" style="vertical-align:-0.11285pt;width:8.7250004px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.7250004 7.1624999" width="8.7250004" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.1625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-66.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>然后计算<年代p一个n class="equation" id="EEq6"> <svg height="34.712502" id="M65" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 34.712502" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,34.7125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-44.23)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,110.94,56.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0019197" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.165419" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.042068" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.681402" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="104.16" y="-7.25"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="110.4115" y="-7.25"> Δ</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="119.43867" y="-7.25"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <g> <path d="m 150.86,59.37 150.63,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,150.86,47.49)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,154.77,44.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 米</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> 一个</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.694944" y="0"> x</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,173.89,47.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.803312" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.156036" y="0"> Δ</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.183201" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="41.059853" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="47.999016" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="59.339237" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,237.15,44.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 米</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> 一个</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.694944" y="0"> x</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,256.26,47.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="46.43" y="-8.75"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.815815" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.156036" y="0"> Δ</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.183201" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="41.059853" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="217.86" y="-7.4899998"> (</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="222.0235" y="-7.4899998"> 5</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="228.27499" y="-7.4899998"> )</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span>在寻找最大的倍<年代vg height="10.9375" id="M66" style="vertical-align:-0.20064pt;width:34.974998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 34.974998 10.9375" width="34.974998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.25)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.6515961" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.840821" y="0"> /</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.316654" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.96825" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>结束后,我们忽略第一个5 ms S2的刺激,而不考虑时候可能低于60−mV,因为这些时候大<年代vg height="10.9375" id="M67" style="vertical-align:-0.20064pt;width:34.974998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 34.974998 10.9375" width="34.974998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.25)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.6515961" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.840821" y="0"> /</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.316654" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.96825" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>通常是由超极化的复苏,而不是一个传播动作电位。</p> <h4 id="results">3所示。结果</h4> <p>图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cmmm/2011/375059/fig1/" target="_blank">1</一个>显示了S2 strength-interval曲线刺激。大约320毫秒,曲线几乎是平坦的组织和方法休息的门槛。早些时候,刺激的阈值较高,反映S1动作电位的耐火性。</p> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig1"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig1"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="375059.fig.001" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cmmm/volume-2011/375059/figures/375059.fig.001.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图1</年代p一个n> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cmmm/2011/375059/fig1/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> Strength-interval曲线:最低必要S2刺激强度激发传播动作电位为各种S1-S2间隔。</t一个ble> </div> </div> </div> <p>S2动作电位的命运随着strength-interval曲线如图所示<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cmmm/2011/375059/fig2/" target="_blank">2</一个>更强的刺激。纵轴表示刺激强度除以阈值强度休息组织,和情节显示S2优势多达50次阈值。红色表示S2刺激没有射击动作电位。蓝色表明动作电位在整个链(传播<年代vg height="10.9125" id="M68" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:43.737499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 43.737499 10.9125" width="43.737499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.339981" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.380369" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.63187" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>毫米)。特别感兴趣的是该地区相应的强烈刺激和很短的间隔(紫色),当S2动作电位传递到虚拟阳极(边缘<年代vg height="10.9125" id="M69" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:43.737499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 43.737499 10.9125" width="43.737499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.339981" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.380369" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.63187" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>毫米),然后死亡。如果我们把我们的标准“成功”应对S2刺激传播到右边缘的链,然后对许多间隔有一系列刺激成功的优势,和该范围之外的刺激(高或低)失败。例如,在间隔300毫秒,S2刺激成功在从8到20倍阈值。</p> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig2"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig2"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="375059.fig.002" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cmmm/volume-2011/375059/figures/375059.fig.002.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图2</年代p一个n> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cmmm/2011/375059/fig2/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cmmm/2011/375059/fig3/">3</一个> <table> 的行为作为一个函数S2刺激强度和S1-S2间隔。蓝色表明S2动作电位传播在整个20毫米,紫色表示S2动作电位传播大约一半(超极化的边缘地区),然后死了,和红色表明S2刺激未能激发动作电位。点A, B, C和D对应四个模拟更多细节如图所示。</t一个ble> </div> </div> </div> <p>更好地理解S2动作电位的命运,我们的阴谋<年代vg height="10.575" id="M70" style="vertical-align:-0.20064pt;width:12.625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 12.625 10.575" width="12.625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.575)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.54)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>与<年代vg height="7.1624999" id="M71" style="vertical-align:-0.11285pt;width:8.7250004px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.7250004 7.1624999" width="8.7250004" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.1625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-66.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>在几次图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cmmm/2011/375059/fig3/" target="_blank">3</一个>,对应于四分,B, C和D图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cmmm/2011/375059/fig2/" target="_blank">2</一个>。在图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cmmm/2011/375059/fig3/" target="_blank">3(一个)</一个>,应用S2刺激<年代vg height="14.7875" id="M72" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:53.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 53.9375 14.7875" width="53.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.17)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-68.04,60.22)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-59.69,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> 8</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.530886" y="0"> 5</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>女士,13倍强度的阈值。上面的曲线的绘制<年代vg height="11.225" id="M73" style="vertical-align:-0.27588pt;width:47.849998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 47.849998 11.225" width="47.849998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.225)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.02)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.37677" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.417158" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.668659" y="0"> 9</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.920158" y="0"> 5</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>女士,S2刺激结束后不久。左边的大去极化是直接刺激,引起的是较弱的超极化的范围<年代vg height="11.0625" id="M74" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt;width:97.862503px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 97.862503 11.0625" width="97.862503" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.15)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.3269978" y="0"> 米</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.054333" y="0"> 米</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.2575" y="0"> <</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="43.29789" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="53.637871" y="0"> <</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="65.678261" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="71.929756" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>毫米。在以后的时代里,左边的去极化消失没有激动人心的动作电位(组织耐火材料),一个行为对应图中红色区域<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cmmm/2011/375059/fig2/" target="_blank">2</一个>。在图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cmmm/2011/375059/fig3/" target="_blank">3 (b)</一个>,刺激略强(14次阈值),和一个动作电位是兴奋<年代vg height="11.1" id="M75" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:47.849998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 47.849998 11.1" width="47.849998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.1)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.12)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.37677" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.417158" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.668659" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.920158" y="0"> 5</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>ms),但不能传播<年代vg height="10.9125" id="M76" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:43.737499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 43.737499 10.9125" width="43.737499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.339981" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.380369" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.63187" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>毫米,紫色区域图的一个例子<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cmmm/2011/375059/fig2/" target="_blank">2</一个>。在图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cmmm/2011/375059/fig3/" target="_blank">3 (c)</一个>,应用S2刺激阈值(13倍)稍晚(<年代vg height="14.6" id="M77" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:53.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 53.9375 14.6" width="53.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.6)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.32)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-68.04,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-59.69,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> 9</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.530886" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>成功女士),动作电位传播在整个链,对应于图的蓝色区域<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cmmm/2011/375059/fig2/" target="_blank">2</一个>。一个小增加刺激强度(14次阈值)在同一时间(<年代vg height="14.6" id="M78" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:53.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 53.9375 14.6" width="53.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.6)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.32)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-68.04,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-59.69,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> 9</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.530886" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>女士),如图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cmmm/2011/375059/fig3/" target="_blank">3 (d)</一个>,结果在一个故障传播的边缘虚拟阳极。</p> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig3"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig3"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(一)”name="375059.fig.003a" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cmmm/volume-2011/375059/figures/375059.fig.003a.jpg"> <br> <strong>(一)</年代trong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(b)”name="375059.fig.003b" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cmmm/volume-2011/375059/figures/375059.fig.003b.jpg"> <br> <strong>(b)</年代trong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(c)”name="375059.fig.003c" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cmmm/volume-2011/375059/figures/375059.fig.003c.jpg"> <br> <strong>(c)</年代trong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(d)”name="375059.fig.003d" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cmmm/volume-2011/375059/figures/375059.fig.003d.jpg"> <br> <strong>(d)</年代trong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs fig-thumbs-fig3"> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(a)"><img alt="(一)”name="375059.fig.003a" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cmmm/volume-2011/375059/figures/375059.fig.003a.jpg"><br><strong>(一)</年代trong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(b)"><img alt="(b)”name="375059.fig.003b" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cmmm/volume-2011/375059/figures/375059.fig.003b.jpg"><br><strong>(b)</年代trong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(c)"><img alt="(c)”name="375059.fig.003c" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cmmm/volume-2011/375059/figures/375059.fig.003c.jpg"><br><strong>(c)</年代trong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(d)"><img alt="(d)”name="375059.fig.003d" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cmmm/volume-2011/375059/figures/375059.fig.003d.jpg"><br><strong>(d)</年代trong></button> </div> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev fig-nav-fig3"> <button class="carousel-prev" aria-label="Previous"></button> <button class="carousel-next" aria-label="Next"></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图3</年代p一个n> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cmmm/2011/375059/fig3/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <svg height="10.575" id="M79" style="vertical-align:-0.20064pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 12.625 10.575" width="12.625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.575)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.54)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg> <svg height="7.1624999" id="M80" style="vertical-align:-0.11285pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.7250004 7.1624999" width="8.7250004" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.1625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-66.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg> <svg height="14.7875" id="M81" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 53.9375 14.7875" width="53.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.17)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-68.04,60.22)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-59.69,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> 8</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.530886" y="0"> 5</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg> <svg height="14.7875" id="M82" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 53.9375 14.7875" width="53.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.17)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-68.04,60.22)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-59.69,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> 8</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.530886" y="0"> 5</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg> <svg height="10.9125" id="M83" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 43.737499 10.9125" width="43.737499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.339981" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.380369" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.63187" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg> <svg height="14.6" id="M84" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 53.9375 14.6" width="53.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.6)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.32)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-68.04,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-59.69,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> 9</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.530886" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg> <svg height="14.6" id="M85" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 53.9375 14.6" width="53.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.6)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.32)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-68.04,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-59.69,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> 9</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.530886" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg> <svg height="10.9125" id="M86" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 43.737499 10.9125" width="43.737499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.339981" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.380369" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.63187" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg> <table> 电压作为位置函数在四次。(一)13倍的S2阈值女士,刺激不引起动作电位。(b)的S2 14次阈值女士,S2动作电位沿链到传播嗯,它死后。(c) 13倍的S2阈值女士,S2动作电位沿整个链传播。(d)的S2 14次阈值女士,S2动作电位沿链直到传播毫米,然后死亡。</t一个ble> </div> </div> </div> <p>图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cmmm/2011/375059/fig3/" target="_blank">3</一个>提出了一个有趣的问题:为什么S2动作电位传播成功的链在某些情况下,但死在其他虚拟阳极的边缘,一个行为对应的边界划分的蓝色和紫色区域图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cmmm/2011/375059/fig2/" target="_blank">2</一个>吗?S1耐火度的变化发挥了重要作用,因为它的边界取决于间隔。然而,即使是在一个固定的间隔增加S2刺激强度可以导致传播失败。为了探索机制这一行为,我们检查传播速度和位置的函数。</p> <p>在图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cmmm/2011/375059/fig4/" target="_blank">4(一)</一个>S2,阈下刺激未能激发动作电位,所以速度是零除左边缘附近的扩散造成的去极化刺激经常伪装成传播。在每一个其他的三个案例(数据<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cmmm/2011/375059/fig4/" target="_blank">4 (b)</一个>- - - - - -<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cmmm/2011/375059/fig4/" target="_blank">4 (d)</一个>超极化地区),速度约为0.21 m / s(除了一个初始瞬态相关的刺激)。虚拟的边缘附近的波前减缓阳极(<年代vg height="10.9125" id="M87" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:43.737499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 43.737499 10.9125" width="43.737499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.339981" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.380369" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.63187" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>毫米)然后死去(数据<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cmmm/2011/375059/fig4/" target="_blank">4 (b)</一个>和<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cmmm/2011/375059/fig4/" target="_blank">4 (d)</一个>)或传播成功通过缓慢的地区和事后恢复速度(图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cmmm/2011/375059/fig4/" target="_blank">4 (c)</一个>)。然而,没有一个明显的差异之间的传播速度在虚拟阳极两个模拟使用S2刺激<年代vg height="14.6" id="M88" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:53.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 53.9375 14.6" width="53.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.6)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.32)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-68.04,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-59.69,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> 9</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.530886" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>女士(图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cmmm/2011/375059/fig4/" target="_blank">4 (c)</一个>和<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cmmm/2011/375059/fig4/" target="_blank">4 (d)</一个>)。</p> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig4"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig4"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(一)S2 13 x阈值在285 ms”name="375059.fig.004a" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cmmm/volume-2011/375059/figures/375059.fig.004a.jpg"> <br> <strong>(一)S2 13 x阈值在285 ms</年代trong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(b) S2 14 x阈值在285 ms”name="375059.fig.004b" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cmmm/volume-2011/375059/figures/375059.fig.004b.jpg"> <br> <strong>(b) S2 14 x阈值在285 ms</年代trong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(c) S2 13 x阈值在290 ms”name="375059.fig.004c" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cmmm/volume-2011/375059/figures/375059.fig.004c.jpg"> <br> <strong>(c) S2 13 x阈值在290 ms</年代trong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(d) S2 14 x阈值在290 ms”name="375059.fig.004d" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cmmm/volume-2011/375059/figures/375059.fig.004d.jpg"> <br> <strong>(d) S2 14 x阈值在290 ms</年代trong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs fig-thumbs-fig4"> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(a) S2 of 13x threshold at 285 ms"><img alt="(一)S2 13 x阈值在285 ms”name="375059.fig.004a" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cmmm/volume-2011/375059/figures/375059.fig.004a.jpg"><br><strong>(一)S2 13 x阈值在285 ms</年代trong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(b) S2 of 14x threshold at 285 ms"><img alt="(b) S2 14 x阈值在285 ms”name="375059.fig.004b" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cmmm/volume-2011/375059/figures/375059.fig.004b.jpg"><br><strong>(b) S2 14 x阈值在285 ms</年代trong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(c) S2 of 13x threshold at 290 ms"><img alt="(c) S2 13 x阈值在290 ms”name="375059.fig.004c" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cmmm/volume-2011/375059/figures/375059.fig.004c.jpg"><br><strong>(c) S2 13 x阈值在290 ms</年代trong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(d) S2 of 14x threshold at 290 ms"><img alt="(d) S2 14 x阈值在290 ms”name="375059.fig.004d" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cmmm/volume-2011/375059/figures/375059.fig.004d.jpg"><br><strong>(d) S2 14 x阈值在290 ms</年代trong></button> </div> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev fig-nav-fig4"> <button class="carousel-prev" aria-label="Previous"></button> <button class="carousel-next" aria-label="Next"></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图4</年代p一个n> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cmmm/2011/375059/fig4/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cmmm/2011/375059/fig3/">3</一个> <table> 动作电位计算速度和位置的函数,模拟如图。</t一个ble> </div> </div> </div> <p>因为数据使用的刺激<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cmmm/2011/375059/fig3/" target="_blank">3</一个>和<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cmmm/2011/375059/fig4/" target="_blank">4</一个>是如此相似,很难发现任何差异最大速度通过超极化区域(都是约0.21至0.22米/秒)。澄清刺激强度和传播速度之间的关系,我们比较三种非常不同的速度S2刺激的优点(图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cmmm/2011/375059/fig5/" target="_blank">5(一个)</一个>)。所有三个S2动作电位的速度比S1动作电位的速度要慢,走了约0.25到0.26 m / s。事实上,即使对于非常强烈的刺激(50 - 100倍休息阈值),S2传播速度通过超极化组织不高于0.26 m / s。因此,它是不正确的说超极化加速传播通过虚拟阳极而S1动作电位的速度。然而,放缓的程度在虚拟阳极由S1耐火度降低为S2刺激强度增加。</p> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig5"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig5"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(一)”name="375059.fig.005a" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cmmm/volume-2011/375059/figures/375059.fig.005a.jpg"> <br> <strong>(一)</年代trong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(b)”name="375059.fig.005b" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cmmm/volume-2011/375059/figures/375059.fig.005b.jpg"> <br> <strong>(b)</年代trong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs fig-thumbs-fig5"> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(a)"><img alt="(一)”name="375059.fig.005a" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cmmm/volume-2011/375059/figures/375059.fig.005a.jpg"><br><strong>(一)</年代trong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(b)"><img alt="(b)”name="375059.fig.005b" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cmmm/volume-2011/375059/figures/375059.fig.005b.jpg"><br><strong>(b)</年代trong></button> </div> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev fig-nav-fig5"> <button class="carousel-prev" aria-label="Previous"></button> <button class="carousel-next" aria-label="Next"></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图5</年代p一个n> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cmmm/2011/375059/fig5/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <svg height="14.6" id="M89" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 53.9375 14.6" width="53.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.6)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.32)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-68.04,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-59.69,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.530886" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg> <table> (一)传播速度和(b)到达时间,应用于S2的刺激女士的S2强度10(灰色),20(绿色),30(红色)乘以阈值。S1的速度和到达时间比较的动作电位(蓝色)显示。</t一个ble> </div> </div> </div> <p>图的另一个有趣的特性<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cmmm/2011/375059/fig5/" target="_blank">5(一个)</一个>之间的区别是S2的速度波前在虚拟阳极和边缘。在10倍阈值在虚拟阳极传播明显放缓,但额外的放缓的边缘虚拟阳极并不大。另一方面,在阈值传播20倍的虚拟阳极有点速度比弱S2刺激,但放缓的边缘虚拟阳极相当引人注目。阈值30倍的速度在虚拟阳极进一步增加,因此,仅略低于S1动作电位,但放缓的边缘虚拟阳极是如此明显,传播失败。因此,S2刺激强度的增加会导致两个相互竞争的影响:增加速度在虚拟阳极但减少它的优势。</p> <p>解决这些影响的主导,人物<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cmmm/2011/375059/fig5/" target="_blank">5 (b)</一个>显示了动作电位的到达时间距离的函数。在这个情节,较慢的速度对应于一个陡峭的斜坡。明显的增加速度通过虚拟阳极效应更重要,因为它导致更短的到达时间为强烈的刺激。另一个因素可能是动作电位产生的位置。加强S2冲击的动作电位开始在更大的价值<年代vg height="7.1624999" id="M90" style="vertical-align:-0.11285pt;width:8.7250004px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.7250004 7.1624999" width="8.7250004" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.1625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-66.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,本质上是“领先”穿越虚拟阳极(这有时被称为“虚拟阴极”效应(<一个href="#B21">21</一个>])。S2的到达时间波前的边缘虚拟阳极是至关重要的因素,是由速度和动作电位的起源。当到达时间推迟到周围组织有时间恢复兴奋性,传播更有可能成功。</p> <p>如果恢复兴奋性的确是传播成功的关键,我们应该看到不同的钠通道的失活(主要影响兴奋性),我们改变S2刺激强度。Beeler-Reuter模型(<一个href="#B19">19</一个>盖茨),钠离子通道有两个失活<年代vg height="10.95" id="M91" style="vertical-align:-0.1254pt;width:9.1374998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.1374998 10.95" width="9.1374998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.95)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.41)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ℎ</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<年代vg height="12.675" id="M92" style="vertical-align:-2.34499pt;width:7.1374998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 7.1374998 12.675" width="7.1374998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.675)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.86)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>除了行为相似的属性<年代vg height="12.675" id="M93" style="vertical-align:-2.34499pt;width:7.1374998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 7.1374998 12.675" width="7.1374998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.675)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.86)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>有一个较慢的时间常数比吗<年代vg height="10.95" id="M94" style="vertical-align:-0.1254pt;width:9.1374998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.1374998 10.95" width="9.1374998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.95)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.41)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ℎ</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cmmm/2011/375059/fig6/" target="_blank">6</一个>显示<年代vg height="10.575" id="M95" style="vertical-align:-0.20064pt;width:12.625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 12.625 10.575" width="12.625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.575)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.54)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,<年代vg height="10.95" id="M96" style="vertical-align:-0.1254pt;width:9.1374998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.1374998 10.95" width="9.1374998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.95)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.41)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ℎ</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,<年代vg height="12.675" id="M97" style="vertical-align:-2.34499pt;width:7.1374998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 7.1374998 12.675" width="7.1374998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.675)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.86)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>作为不同时期的位置的函数。三S2刺激优势我们检查,虚拟的超极化阳极能充分打开<年代vg height="10.95" id="M98" style="vertical-align:-0.1254pt;width:9.1374998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.1374998 10.95" width="9.1374998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.95)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.41)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ℎ</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>完全(<年代vg height="11.0625" id="M99" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt;width:43.737499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 43.737499 11.0625" width="43.737499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.15)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.339981" y="0"> <</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.380369" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.63187" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>毫米,<年代vg height="11.1" id="M100" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:47.849998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 47.849998 11.1" width="47.849998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.1)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.12)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.37677" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.417158" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.668659" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.920158" y="0"> 5</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>女士,只是最后S2冲击),它仍然开放,直到S2动作电位经过(<年代vg height="10.9125" id="M101" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:47.849998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 47.849998 10.9125" width="47.849998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.37677" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.417158" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.668659" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.920158" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>女士)。在该地区以外的虚拟阳极(<年代vg height="11.0625" id="M102" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt;width:105.675px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 105.675 11.0625" width="105.675" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.15)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.2515001" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.578498" y="0"> 米</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.305832" y="0"> 米</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.508999" y="0"> <</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="49.549389" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="59.88937" y="0"> <</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="71.929756" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="78.181259" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>毫米)<年代vg height="10.95" id="M103" style="vertical-align:-0.1254pt;width:9.1374998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.1374998 10.95" width="9.1374998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.95)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.41)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ℎ</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>关闭期间和之后的冲击(<年代vg height="11.1" id="M104" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:47.849998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 47.849998 11.1" width="47.849998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.1)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.12)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.37677" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.417158" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.668659" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.920158" y="0"> 5</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,330 ms);组织从S1动作电位,耐火材料和S2刺激影响不大。只有在对<年代vg height="11.1" id="M105" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:47.849998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 47.849998 11.1" width="47.849998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.1)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.12)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.37677" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.417158" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.668659" y="0"> 5</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.920158" y="0"> 5</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>这个地区女士开始恢复兴奋性。S2的戏剧性的差异刺激强度的三个模拟图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cmmm/2011/375059/fig6/" target="_blank">6</一个>只有微小的差异<年代vg height="10.95" id="M106" style="vertical-align:-0.1254pt;width:9.1374998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.1374998 10.95" width="9.1374998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.95)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.41)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ℎ</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>门在虚拟阳极(<年代vg height="11.1" id="M107" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:47.849998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 47.849998 11.1" width="47.849998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.1)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.12)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.37677" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.417158" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.668659" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.920158" y="0"> 5</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>女士)。然而,由于长时间常数,超极化在虚拟阳极不足以推动缓慢失活钠门,<年代vg height="12.675" id="M108" style="vertical-align:-2.34499pt;width:7.1374998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 7.1374998 12.675" width="7.1374998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.675)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.86)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,完全开放。相反,它的价值在虚拟阳极强烈依赖于S2刺激。因此,虚拟组织的兴奋性阳极更大更强的S2刺激(有一个更大的价值<年代vg height="12.675" id="M109" style="vertical-align:-2.34499pt;width:7.1374998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 7.1374998 12.675" width="7.1374998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.675)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.86)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>在<年代vg height="11.1" id="M110" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:47.849998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 47.849998 11.1" width="47.849998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.1)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.12)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.37677" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.417158" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.668659" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.920158" y="0"> 5</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>女士,<年代vg height="8.8500004" id="M111" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt;width:23.762501px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 23.762501 8.8500004" width="23.762501" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,8.85)"> <g transform="translate(72,-64.92)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,65.27)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.339981" y="0"> <</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>10毫米)。更清楚地看到这一点,比较<年代vg height="12.675" id="M112" style="vertical-align:-2.34499pt;width:7.1374998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 7.1374998 12.675" width="7.1374998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.675)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.86)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>跟踪(绿色曲线)的前面板(<年代vg height="11.1" id="M113" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:47.849998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 47.849998 11.1" width="47.849998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.1)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.12)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.37677" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.417158" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.668659" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.920158" y="0"> 5</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>ms)为每个三列(S2刺激的10、20和30倍阈值)的人物<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cmmm/2011/375059/fig6/" target="_blank">6</一个>。关键的价值<年代vg height="12.675" id="M114" style="vertical-align:-2.34499pt;width:7.1374998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 7.1374998 12.675" width="7.1374998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.675)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.86)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>在虚拟阳极(例如,看看<年代vg height="11.1" id="M115" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:35.924999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 35.924999 11.1" width="35.924999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.1)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.12)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.339981" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.380369" y="0"> 5</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>毫米)随着S2刺激的增加,增加的<年代vg height="13.6125" id="M116" style="vertical-align:-2.34499pt;width:45.125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 45.125 13.6125" width="45.125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.6125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.11)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.3269978" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.367388" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.618887" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.744637" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>为阈值的10倍<年代vg height="13.8" id="M117" style="vertical-align:-2.34499pt;width:45.125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 45.125 13.8" width="45.125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.8)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.96)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.3269978" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.367388" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.618887" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.744637" y="0"> 5</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>为阈值,20倍<年代vg height="13.6125" id="M118" style="vertical-align:-2.34499pt;width:45.125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 45.125 13.6125" width="45.125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.6125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.11)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.3269978" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.367388" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.618887" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.744637" y="0"> 7</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>阈值(见箭头在图30倍<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cmmm/2011/375059/fig6/" target="_blank">6</一个>)。因此,传播速度更快的强烈刺激,在330 ms的动作电位刺激已经达到10倍<年代vg height="11.1" id="M119" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:47.650002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 47.650002 11.1" width="47.650002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.1)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.12)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.339981" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.380369" y="0"> 5</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.63187" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.75762" y="0"> 8</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>毫米,而对于已经达到30倍刺激它<年代vg height="10.8625" id="M120" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt;width:47.650002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 47.650002 10.8625" width="47.650002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.8625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.31)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.339981" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.380369" y="0"> 7</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.63187" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.75762" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>毫米。在<年代vg height="11.1" id="M121" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:47.849998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 47.849998 11.1" width="47.849998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.1)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.12)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.37677" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.417158" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.668659" y="0"> 5</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.920158" y="0"> 5</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>女士,当S2波前发起的弱冲击(数字<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cmmm/2011/375059/fig6/" target="_blank">6(一)</一个>和<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cmmm/2011/375059/fig6/" target="_blank">6 (b)</一个>)达到虚拟阳极的边缘时,相邻的组织虚拟阳极(约<年代vg height="10.825" id="M122" style="vertical-align:-0.11285pt;width:43.737499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 43.737499 10.825" width="43.737499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.825)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.34)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.339981" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.380369" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.63187" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>毫米)恢复兴奋性足够支持传播。强大的冲击(图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cmmm/2011/375059/fig6/" target="_blank">6 (c)</一个>)波前到达之前355 ms,失败的边缘虚拟阳极和<年代vg height="11.1" id="M123" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:47.849998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 47.849998 11.1" width="47.849998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.1)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.12)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.37677" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.417158" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.668659" y="0"> 5</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.920158" y="0"> 5</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>女士帧的波前已经开始腐烂。的<年代vg height="10.9125" id="M124" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:47.849998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 47.849998 10.9125" width="47.849998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.37677" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.417158" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.668659" y="0"> 8</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.920158" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>情节展示女士成功的传播过去的虚拟阳极的边缘人物<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cmmm/2011/375059/fig6/" target="_blank">6(一)</一个>和<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cmmm/2011/375059/fig6/" target="_blank">6 (b)</一个>和失败在图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cmmm/2011/375059/fig6/" target="_blank">6 (c)</一个>。</p> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig6"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig6"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(一)”name="375059.fig.006a" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cmmm/volume-2011/375059/figures/375059.fig.006a.jpg"> <br> <strong>(一)</年代trong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(b)”name="375059.fig.006b" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cmmm/volume-2011/375059/figures/375059.fig.006b.jpg"> <br> <strong>(b)</年代trong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(c)”name="375059.fig.006c" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cmmm/volume-2011/375059/figures/375059.fig.006c.jpg"> <br> <strong>(c)</年代trong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs fig-thumbs-fig6"> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(a)"><img alt="(一)”name="375059.fig.006a" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cmmm/volume-2011/375059/figures/375059.fig.006a.jpg"><br><strong>(一)</年代trong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(b)"><img alt="(b)”name="375059.fig.006b" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cmmm/volume-2011/375059/figures/375059.fig.006b.jpg"><br><strong>(b)</年代trong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(c)"><img alt="(c)”name="375059.fig.006c" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cmmm/volume-2011/375059/figures/375059.fig.006c.jpg"><br><strong>(c)</年代trong></button> </div> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev fig-nav-fig6"> <button class="carousel-prev" aria-label="Previous"></button> <button class="carousel-next" aria-label="Next"></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图6</年代p一个n> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cmmm/2011/375059/fig6/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <svg height="10.575" id="M125" style="vertical-align:-0.20064pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 12.625 10.575" width="12.625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.575)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.54)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg> <svg height="10.95" id="M126" style="vertical-align:-0.1254pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.1374998 10.95" width="9.1374998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.95)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.41)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ℎ</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg> <svg height="12.675" id="M127" style="vertical-align:-2.34499pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 7.1374998 12.675" width="7.1374998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.675)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.86)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg> <svg height="7.1624999" id="M128" style="vertical-align:-0.11285pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.7250004 7.1624999" width="8.7250004" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.1625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-66.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg> <svg height="14.6" id="M129" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 53.9375 14.6" width="53.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.6)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.32)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-68.04,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-59.69,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.530886" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg> <table> 的电压(蓝色)和钠通道失活(红色)和(绿色)是位置的函数,《纽约时报》表示的每一帧(女士)。应用S2刺激女士,强度(a) 10、20 (b)和(c)阈值的30倍。</t一个ble> </div> </div> </div> <p>以确定S1踱步率有影响的结果,我们重复模拟使用十S1踱步刺激相隔400 ms。结果定性是相同的,尽管strength-interval图的行为<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cmmm/2011/375059/fig2/" target="_blank">2</一个>是转向短间隔约40毫秒。这个观察与班纳特和罗斯的结果是一致的<一个href="#B22">22</一个>),他发现strength-interval曲线类似的情况没有变化,除了转向短间隔时S1踱步率增加。我们也进行模拟中S1交付同时沿整个链(S2从前面描述不变)。再次,定性结果没有改变的消除S1耐火材料梯度,但定量strength-interval曲线转移到更短的时间间隔,反映了整个虚拟传播时间阳极(约40毫秒)。这与之前的研究一致的虚拟electrode-induced再入,在S2凹的位置和极性电路几乎是独立的S1耐火材料梯度<一个href="#B23">23</一个>- - - - - -<一个href="#B25">25</一个>]。</p> <h4 id="discussion">4所示。讨论</h4> <p>我们的模拟支持的假设的速度传播通过虚拟阳极是成功传播的关键因素。如果速度很慢(因为S2冲击不完全恢复组织兴奋性),不受冲击影响的周围组织有更多的时间来恢复兴奋性,使从虚拟阳极传播到周围组织。S2走强刺激适用于耐火材料组织会导致更大的超极化,导致更大的兴奋性的复苏,这意味着更快的速度,从而增加传播的概率失败在虚拟阳极边。这种行为与之前一致的解释机制的“没有响应”现象在心脏组织<一个href="#B14">14</一个>,<一个href="#B26">26</一个>),与先前建议的机制ULV [<一个href="#B15">15</一个>- - - - - -<一个href="#B18">18</一个>),计算表明,“触觉打破命运的波前,当它到达虚拟阳极的边缘被发现的关键理解ULV”(<一个href="#B27">27</一个>]。</p> <p>钠的变化失活<年代vg height="10.95" id="M130" style="vertical-align:-0.1254pt;width:9.1374998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.1374998 10.95" width="9.1374998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.95)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.41)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ℎ</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<年代vg height="12.675" id="M131" style="vertical-align:-2.34499pt;width:7.1374998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 7.1374998 12.675" width="7.1374998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.675)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.86)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>兴奋性的影响,解释速度图的差异<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cmmm/2011/375059/fig4/" target="_blank">4</一个>,从而确定传播成功或失败。在正常组织,休息<年代vg height="10.95" id="M132" style="vertical-align:-0.1254pt;width:9.1374998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.1374998 10.95" width="9.1374998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.95)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.41)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ℎ</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<年代vg height="12.675" id="M133" style="vertical-align:-2.34499pt;width:7.1374998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 7.1374998 12.675" width="7.1374998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.675)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.86)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>几乎是一个(这可能并不适用于组织的静态电位升高了,例如,细胞外高钾(<一个href="#B28">28</一个>])。因此,超极化的兴奋性组织S2冲击之后不能大于静止组织的兴奋性:两个时的兴奋性是最大的<年代vg height="10.95" id="M134" style="vertical-align:-0.1254pt;width:9.1374998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.1374998 10.95" width="9.1374998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.95)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.41)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ℎ</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<年代vg height="12.675" id="M135" style="vertical-align:-2.34499pt;width:7.1374998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 7.1374998 12.675" width="7.1374998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.675)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.86)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>是一个,不能得到任何更大。然而,当S2冲击应用于耐火材料或不完全恢复——比如经常存在的差距的可重入电路(<一个href="#B29">29日</一个>,<一个href="#B30">30.</一个>)——超极化强度影响的刺激可以从耐火性迫使组织恢复。似乎是主要因素<年代vg height="12.675" id="M136" style="vertical-align:-2.34499pt;width:7.1374998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 7.1374998 12.675" width="7.1374998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.675)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.86)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>门,因为它慢时间常数不允许它迅速恢复兴奋性。其他gates-such钙电流的失活的门,<年代vg height="13.4875" id="M137" style="vertical-align:-2.34499pt;width:10.675px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 10.675 13.4875" width="10.675" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.4875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.21)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>-不会改变明显在回答5-ms-long超极化,因为它们缓慢的时间常数,因此扮演次要角色在决定组织的反应超极化。组织前S2冲击的状态(例如,在快速节奏)中也扮演了重要的角色在决定兴奋性的复苏。</p> <p>本文提供的计算有一些局限性。(1)模型是基于一维近似的心脏组织。我们不能再入,它本质上是一个两到三维的事件,在这些模拟,所以我们不能直接计算ULV。同时,其他因素影响传播速度,如波前曲率,在我们的计算都不存在。然而,通过使用一个简单的一维模型,我们能够隔离并专注于恢复的机制从耐火度没有额外的混杂因素如波前曲率。我们的模型预测ULV-like行为没有波前曲率,这表明曲率不是ULV机制的一个重要元素。(2)preshock状态比颤动更简单,我们不能使用一维电缆模型。然而,我们模拟的行为定性相似使用快速S1踱步利率时,当S1统一整个组织,这表明我们的结论不敏感的preshock状态组织。(3)S2刺激的效果是由人造膜电流分布(强烈去极化<年代vg height="11.0625" id="M138" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt;width:63.125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 63.125 11.0625" width="63.125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.15)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.7148314" y="0"> <</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.75522" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.107704" y="0"> <</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="44.148094" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>毫米和弱超极化<年代vg height="11.0625" id="M139" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt;width:97.862503px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 97.862503 11.0625" width="97.862503" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.15)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.3269978" y="0"> 米</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.054333" y="0"> 米</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.2575" y="0"> <</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="43.29789" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="53.637871" y="0"> <</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="65.678261" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="71.929756" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>嗯,没有效果<年代vg height="11.0625" id="M140" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt;width:105.675px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 105.675 11.0625" width="105.675" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.15)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.2515001" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.578498" y="0"> 米</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.305832" y="0"> 米</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.508999" y="0"> <</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="49.549389" y="0"> </t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="59.88937" y="0"> <</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="71.929756" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="78.181259" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n> </text> </g> </g> </svg>毫米)。虽然这种分布是让人想起冲击分布观察到Efimov et al。<一个href="#B12">12</一个>),它肯定不是相当于他们的观察。我们的目标是测试如果一个极其简单的,理想化的模型ULV休克的机制可以解释。虽然我们的研究结果暗示,额外的模拟使用更现实的模型可以得出最终的结论之前是必要的。因素,如虚拟阳极和锐度的大小去极化的之间的梯度,超极化,影响区域可能是重要的。(4)Beeler-Reuter模型用于表示离子通道动力学、而不是更现代的模型(例如,(<一个href="#B31">31日</一个>])。特别是,钾和钙电流的Beeler-Reuter表示已经在最近的改进模型。需要执行额外的研究,看看这些结果推广到其他膜模型,特别是不同的钠离子通道的特性。然而,我们的研究结果表明,钠通道失活的时间常数门可能是重要的决定超极化引起的波前传播通过虚拟阳极。药物等因素影响这个时间常数可能发挥关键作用在确定脆弱性的上限,因此除颤阈值。此外,我们的研究结果表明,ULV可能敏感S2冲击持续时间,因为增加持续时间延长的时间冲击去除钠通道失活,从而增加虚拟阳极,兴奋性暗示波前更有可能失败的边缘虚拟阳极,对应于去颤成功。</p> <h4 id="acknowledgment">承认</h4> <p>这项研究的部分资金支持本科研究从奥克兰大学教务长办公室。</p> </div> <div class="xml-content"> <h4 class="references" id="references">引用</h4> <ol> <li id="B1">r·e·Ideker n . Chattipakorn和r·a·格雷,“去颤机制:盲人的寓言和大象,”<我>心脏电生理学杂志</我>,11卷,不。9日,第1013 - 1008页,2000年。<年代p一个n class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Defibrillation%20mechanisms:%20the%20parable%20of%20the%20blind%20men%20and%20the%20elephant&author=R. E. Ideker&author=N. Chattipakorn&author=&author=R. A. Gray&publication_year=2000" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li> <li id="B2">a . Fabiato p . Coumel r . Gourgon, r . Saumont“Le seuil de反应同时des纤维myocardiques。应用程序a la comparaison experimentale de l 'efficacite不同形式de朱古力规程去心脏纤颤,“<我>档案des疾病du心et des Vaisseaux</我>,60卷,不。4、527 - 544年,1967页。<年代p一个n class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Le%20seuil%20de%20réponse%20synchrone%20des%20fibres%20myocardiques.%20Application%20à%20la%20comparaison%20expérimentale%20de%20l'efficacité%20des%20différentes%20formes%20de%20chocs%20électriques%20de%20défibrillation&author=A. Fabiato&author=P. Coumel&author=R. Gourgon&author=&author=R. Saumont&publication_year=1967" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li> <li id="B3">p . s . Chen n .柴田e . g . Dixon r·o·马丁和r . e . Ideker“除颤阈值的比较和心室易损性的上限,“<我>循环</我>,卷73,不。5,1022 - 1028年,1986页。<年代p一个n class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Comparison%20of%20the%20defibrillation%20threshold%20and%20the%20upper%20limit%20of%20ventricular%20vulnerability&author=P. S. Chen&author=N. Shibata&author=E. G. Dixon&author=R. O. Martin&author=&author=R. E. Ideker&publication_year=1986" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li> <li id="B4">n .柴田psi。陈,e . g . Dixon et al .,”狗,心外膜激活成功后去颤冲击”<我>美国生理学杂志》上</我>卷。255年,H902-H909, 1988页。<年代p一个n class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Epicardial%20activation%20following%20unsuccessful%20defibrillation%20shocks%20in%20dogs&author=N. Shibata&author=P.-S. Chen&author=E. G. Dixon et al.&publication_year=1988" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li> <li id="B5">psi。陈:柴田则e . g . Dixon et al .,“激活在胸腔狗心室去颤。的证据完全停止后的心室纤维性颤动和再生失败的冲击,“<我>临床研究杂志</我>,卷77,不。3、810 - 823年,1986页。<年代p一个n class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Activation%20during%20ventricular%20defibrillation%20in%20open-chest%20dogs.%20Evidence%20of%20complete%20cessation%20and%20regeneration%20of%20ventricular%20fibrillation%20after%20unsuccessful%20shocks&author=P.-S. Chen&author=N. Shibata&author=E. G. Dixon et al.&publication_year=1986" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li> <li id="B6">陈p s、p·d·沃尔夫和r . e . Ideker”机制的心脏去颤:不同的角度来看,“<我>循环</我>,卷84,不。2、913 - 919年,1991页。<年代p一个n class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Mechanism%20of%20cardiac%20defibrillation:%20a%20different%20point%20of%20view&author=P. S. Chen&author=P. D. Wolf&author=&author=R. E. Ideker&publication_year=1991" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li> <li id="B7">Hwang c, c, d . Swerdlow r·m·卡斯et al .,“上限的脆弱性可靠地预测人类去心脏纤颤阈值,“<我>循环</我>,卷90,不。5,2308 - 2314年,1994页。<年代p一个n class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Upper%20limit%20of%20vulnerability%20reliably%20predicts%20the%20defibrillation%20threshold%20in%20humans&author=C. Hwang&author=C. D. Swerdlow&author=R. M. Kass et al.&publication_year=1994" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li> <li id="B8">b·j·罗斯和j.p. Wikswo Jr .)“外部应用电场的影响心肌组织,”<我>IEEE学报》</我>,卷84,不。3、379 - 391年,1996页。<年代p一个n class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=The%20effect%20of%20externally%20applied%20electrical%20fields%20on%20myocardial%20tissue&author=B. J. Roth &author=J. P. Wikswo Jr.&publication_year=1996" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li> <li id="B9">i r . Efimov r·a·格雷,b·j·罗斯“虚拟电极和退激:新的见解颤感应和去纤颤状态,”<我>心脏电生理学杂志</我>,11卷,不。3、339 - 353年,2000页。<年代p一个n class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Virtual%20electrodes%20and%20deexcitation:%20new%20insights%20into%20fibrillation%20induction%20and%20defibrillation&author=I. R. Efimov&author=R. A. Gray&author=&author=B. J. Roth&publication_year=2000" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li> <li id="B10">n . Trayanova k Skouibine p·摩尔,“虚拟的除颤电极效应”,<我>生物物理和分子生物学的进展</我>,卷69,不。2 - 3、387 - 403年,1998页。<年代p一个n class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0079-6107(98)00016-9">出版商的网站</一个><span class="sep">|</年代p一个n><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Virtual%20electrode%20effects%20in%20defibrillation&author=N. Trayanova&author=K. Skouibine&author=&author=P. Moore&publication_year=1998" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li> <li id="B11">n . Trayanova心室去纤颤状态的概念,“<我>英国皇家学会哲学学报</我>,卷359,不。1783年,第1337 - 1327页,2001年。<年代p一个n class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2001.0834">出版商的网站</一个><span class="sep">|</年代p一个n><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Concepts%20of%20ventricular%20defibrillation&author=N. Trayanova&publication_year=2001" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li> <li id="B12">i r . Efimov y Cheng d·r·范·瓦格纳t . Mazgalev和p . j . Tchou“虚拟electrode-induced相位奇点:一个基本的机制去纤颤状态失败,”<我>循环研究</我>,卷82,不。8,918 - 925年,1998页。<年代p一个n class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Virtual%20electrode-induced%20phase%20singularity:%20a%20basic%20mechanism%20of%20defibrillation%20failure&author=I. R. Efimov&author=Y. Cheng&author=D. R. van Wagoner&author=T. Mazgalev&author=&author=P. J. Tchou&publication_year=1998" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li> <li id="B13">b·j·罗斯”数学模型的制作和打破电刺激心脏组织由单极阳极或阴极,”<我>IEEE生物医学工程</我>,42卷,不。12日,第1184 - 1174页,1995年。<年代p一个n class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://doi.org/10.1109/10.476124">出版商的网站</一个><span class="sep">|</年代p一个n><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=A%20mathematical%20model%20of%20make%20and%20break%20electrical%20stimulation%20of%20cardiac%20tissue%20by%20a%20unipolar%20anode%20or%20cathode&author=B. J. Roth&publication_year=1995" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li> <li id="B14">b·j·罗斯”Nonsustained再入后连续通过单极电极刺激心脏组织,”<我>心脏电生理学杂志</我>,8卷,不。7,768 - 778年,1997页。<年代p一个n class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Nonsustained%20reentry%20following%20successive%20stimulation%20of%20cardiac%20tissue%20through%20a%20unipolar%20electrode&author=B. J. Roth&publication_year=1997" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li> <li id="B15">y Cheng k . a . Mowrey d·r·范·瓦格纳p . j . Tchou i r . Efimov,“虚拟electrode-induced reexcitation。机制去颤。”<我>循环研究</我>,卷85,不。11日,第1066 - 1056页,1999年。<年代p一个n class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Virtual%20electrode-induced%20reexcitation.%20A%20mechanism%20of%20defibrillation&author=Y. Cheng&author=K. A. Mowrey&author=D. R. van Wagoner&author=P. J. Tchou&author=&author=I. R. Efimov&publication_year=1999" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li> <li id="B16">我班维尔、r . a .灰色,r . e . Ideker和w·m·史密斯,“触觉8字形的再入孤立兔的心,“<我>循环研究</我>,卷85,不。8,742 - 752年,1999页。<年代p一个n class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Shock-induced%20figure-of-eight%20reentry%20in%20the%20isolated%20rabbit%20heart&author=I. Banville&author=R. A. Gray&author=R. E. Ideker&author=&author=W. M. Smith&publication_year=1999" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li> <li id="B17">k . Skouibine: Trayanova p·摩尔,“成功和失败去颤震:从模拟研究见解,“<我>心脏电生理学杂志</我>,11卷,不。7,785 - 795年,2000页。<年代p一个n class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Success%20and%20failure%20of%20the%20defibrillation%20shock:%20insights%20from%20a%20simulation%20study&author=K. Skouibine&author=N. Trayanova&author=&author=P. Moore&publication_year=2000" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li> <li id="B18">b·罗德里格斯和n . Trayanova上限的漏洞去颤模型兔心室,”<我>心电学杂志》</我>卷,36 S51-S56, 2003页。<年代p一个n class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2003.09.066">出版商的网站</一个><span class="sep">|</年代p一个n><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Upper%20limit%20of%20vulnerability%20in%20a%20defibrillation%20model%20of%20the%20rabbit%20ventricles&author=B. Rodríguez &author=N. Trayanova&publication_year=2003" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li> <li id="B19">g . w .分为和h .路透社“重建心室心肌纤维动作电位的,”<我>生理学杂志</我>,卷268,不。1,第210 - 177页,1977。<年代p一个n class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Reconstruction%20of%20the%20action%20potential%20of%20ventricular%20myocardial%20fibres&author=G. W. Beeler &author=H. Reuter&publication_year=1977" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li> <li id="B20">n . g .赛普维达、b·j·罗斯和j.p. Wikswo Jr .)“当前注入一个二维各向异性bidomain”<我>生物物理期刊</我>,55卷,不。5,987 - 999年,1989页。<年代p一个n class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Current%20injection%20into%20a%20two-dimensional%20anisotropic%20bidomain&author=N. G. Sepulveda&author=B. J. Roth&author=&author=J. P. Wikswo Jr.&publication_year=1989" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li> <li id="B21">j . p . Wikswo t . a . Wisialowski w·a . Altemeier j·r·巴尔斯·h·a . Kopelman和d·m·登“虚拟阴极在刺激心肌的影响。二维的体内实验中,“<我>循环研究</我>,卷68,不。2、513 - 530年,1991页。<年代p一个n class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Virtual%20cathode%20effects%20during%20stimulation%20of%20cardiac%20muscle.%20Two-dimensional%20in%20vivo%20experiments&author=J. P. Wikswo&author=T. A. Wisialowski&author=W. A. Altemeier&author=J. R. Balser&author=H. A. Kopelman&author=&author=D. M. Roden&publication_year=1991" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li> <li id="B22">贝内特j . a和b·j·罗斯,“心脏strength-interval曲线依赖节奏,”<我>医学和生物工程和计算机</我>,37卷,不。1,第109 - 108页,1999。<年代p一个n class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Dependence%20of%20cardiac%20strength-interval%20curves%20on%20pacing%20rate&author=J. A. Bennett &author=B. J. Roth&publication_year=1999" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li> <li id="B23">b·j·罗斯“S1耐火度的梯度不是必不可少的再入感应S2的刺激,“<我>IEEE生物医学工程</我>卷,47号6,820 - 821年,2000页。<年代p一个n class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=An%20S1%20gradient%20of%20refractoriness%20is%20not%20essential%20for%20reentry%20induction%20by%20an%20S2%20stimulus&author=B. J. Roth&publication_year=2000" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li> <li id="B24">a . t . Winfree,发明“电击使相位奇点的各种方式,“<我>心脏电生理学杂志</我>,11卷,不。3、286 - 289年,2000页。<年代p一个n class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Various%20ways%20to%20make%20phase%20singularities%20by%20electric%20shock&author=A. T. Winfree&publication_year=2000" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li> <li id="B25">诉Nikolski y Cheng, i r . Efimov“复极化梯度的逆转不相反的手性触觉在兔子的心,再入”<我>心脏电生理学杂志</我>,11卷,不。9日,第1007 - 998页,2000年。<年代p一个n class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Reversal%20of%20repolarization%20gradient%20does%20not%20reverse%20the%20chirality%20of%20shock-induced%20reentry%20in%20the%20rabbit%20heart&author=Y. Cheng&author=V. Nikolski&author=&author=I. R. Efimov&publication_year=2000" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li> <li id="B26">p . f . Cranefield b·f·霍夫曼,a . a . Siebens“心肌的阳极的激励,”<我>美国生理学杂志》上</我>,卷190,不。2、383 - 390年,1957页。<年代p一个n class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Anodal%20excitation%20of%20cardiac%20muscle&author=P. F. Cranefield&author=B. F. Hoffman&author=&author=A. A. Siebens&publication_year=1957" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li> <li id="B27">n Mazeh和b·j·罗斯”机制脆弱性的上限。”<我>心脏的节奏</我>》第六卷,没有。3、361 - 367年,2009页。<年代p一个n class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrthm.2008.11.010">出版商的网站</一个><span class="sep">|</年代p一个n><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=A%20mechanism%20for%20the%20upper%20limit%20of%20vulnerability&author=N. Mazeh &author=B. J. Roth&publication_year=2009" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li> <li id="B28">b·j·罗斯和s . g . Patel”效应细胞外钾离子浓度的升高对阳极的心脏组织的激励,”<我>心脏电生理学杂志</我>,14卷,不。12日,第1355 - 1351页,2003年。<年代p一个n class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1540-8167.2003.03167.x">出版商的网站</一个><span class="sep">|</年代p一个n><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Effects%20of%20elevated%20extracellular%20potassium%20ion%20concentration%20on%20anodal%20excitation%20of%20cardiac%20tissue&author=B. J. Roth &author=S. G. Patel&publication_year=2003" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li> <li id="B29">美国诉潘迪特,o . Berenfeld j . m . b . Anumonwo et al .,”功能再入离子因素在人类心房细胞的二维模型模拟慢性心房纤颤,“<我>生物物理期刊</我>,卷88,不。6,3806 - 3821年,2005页。<年代p一个n class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://doi.org/10.1529/biophysj.105.060459">出版商的网站</一个><span class="sep">|</年代p一个n><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Ionic%20determinants%20of%20functional%20reentry%20in%20a%202-D%20model%20of%20human%20atrial%20cells%20during%20simulated%20chronic%20atrial%20fibrillation&author=S. V. Pandit&author=O. Berenfeld&author=J. M. B. Anumonwo et al.&publication_year=2005" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li> <li id="B30">s . f . Noujaim诉潘迪特,o . Berenfeld et al .,“内向整流的老年病<米在h我d=”M141" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mrow> <msup> <mtext> K</米text> <mo> +</米o> </msup> </mrow> </math>电流(<米在h我d=”M142" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mrow> <msub> <mi> 我</米我> <mrow> <mtext> K</米text> <mn> 1</米n> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </math>)在小鼠心脏加速和稳定转子,”<我>生理学杂志</我>,卷578,不。1,第326 - 315页,2007。<年代p一个n class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2006.121475">出版商的网站</一个><span class="sep">|</年代p一个n><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Up-regulation%20of%20the%20inward%20rectifier%20K+%20current%20(IK1)%20in%20the%20mouse%20heart%20accelerates%20and%20stabilizes%20rotors&author=S. F. Noujaim&author=S. V. Pandit&author=O. Berenfeld et al.&publication_year=2007" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li> <li id="B31">c·h·罗和y鲁迪”心脏心室动作电位的动态模型:即模拟离子电流和浓度变化,“<我>循环研究</我>,卷74,不。6,1071 - 1096年,1994页。<年代p一个n class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=A%20dynamic%20model%20of%20the%20cardiac%20ventricular%20action%20potential:%20I.%20Simulations%20of%20ionic%20currents%20and%20concentration%20changes&author=C. H. Luo &author=Y. Rudy&publication_year=1994" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li> </ol> </div> <div class="xml-content"> <h4 class="copyright" id="copyright">版权</h4> <p>版权©2011尼古拉斯·p·Charteris和布拉德利·j·罗斯。这是一个开放的分布式下文章<一个rel=”l我cense" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/">知识共享归属许可</一个>,它允许无限制的使用、分配和复制在任何媒介,提供最初的工作是正确引用。</p> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> <div class="biblio__Wrapper-sc-1nou1lz-0 eyHfWh journal_article__BiblioIntegratorWidget-sc-12fk6zy-5 dbAANp article_widget biblioWrapper hide"> <hr> <h4 class="biblio__H4-sc-1nou1lz-2 becpDt hrTitleRef">更多相关文章</h4> <div id="biblio_widget" class="biblio__BiblioWrapper-sc-1nou1lz-1 hFGNjP"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="threeColumn__RightWrapper-sc-1bf4078-2 jzTMLK rightWrapper" id="rightSectionMenu"> <div> <div class="journal_article__ArticleStickyTopToolbar-sc-12fk6zy-0 gbrQxi article_sticky_top_toolbar"> <div class="sc-cBdUnI hRnXob article_top_toolbar"> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-jtRfpW dIjoCg sc-exkUMo hymroZ pdf_desktop button__group" href="https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/cmmm/2011/375059.pdf" aria-label="" target="_blank" id="toolbar__dcNavSmall"><span><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl sc-kTUwUJ eujois" title="" role="presentation" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/next_assets/wyT4heYybLmt1UEJexPE9/_next/static/node_modules/hindawi-ui/src/icon/svg/pdf.svg" height="24"><span class="text">PDF</年代p一个n></span><span class="sc-htoDjs bqeMOy sc-dqBHgY cQgXqt fileArrow icon-colored _3P4iUn1NDM5G77nWCamJ4l icon-themeable" title="" font-size="20"></span></a> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-jtRfpW dIjoCg sc-kcDeIU cbcyj ref_desktop" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cmmm/2011/375059.ris" aria-label="" target="" id="toolbar__dcNavLarge"><span><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl sc-kTUwUJ eujois" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="24"><span class="text">下载引用</年代p一个n></span><span class="sc-htoDjs bqeMOy sc-dqBHgY cQgXqt fileArrow icon-colored _3P4iUn1NDM5G77nWCamJ4l icon-themeable" title="" font-size="20"></span></a> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-jtRfpW dIjoCg sc-BngTV hmDWcT ref_desktop" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cmmm/2011/375059.ris" aria-label="" target="" id="toolbar__dcNavSmall"><span><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl sc-kTUwUJ eujois" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="24"><span class="text">引用</年代p一个n></span><span class="sc-htoDjs bqeMOy sc-dqBHgY cQgXqt fileArrow icon-colored _3P4iUn1NDM5G77nWCamJ4l icon-themeable" title="" font-size="20"></span></a> </div> </div> <div class="journal_article__ArticleStickyBottomToolbar-sc-12fk6zy-1 isgRZA article_sticky_bottom_toolbar"> <div class="sc-cTjmhe ihmyEq article_bottom_toolbar"> <div class="sc-cugefK itFKcQ accordion" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8" id="toolbar__dofNav"> <span><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl sc-bfYoXt cGuwDn" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="24"><span class="sc-dRFtgE jrsDZP">下载其他格式</年代p一个n><span class="sc-gkFcWv gWTCXQ">更多的</年代p一个n></span> <span class="sc-htoDjs bMdQcY sc-gbOuXE jGPvPL icon-colored _1CwL9R82TPl2HxDleeYGDR icon-themeable" title="" font-size="11"></span> </div> <div class="sc-fnwBNb etzuBr"> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-iNhVCk gWgCNb open_panel" href="//www.newsama.com/downloads/journals/cmmm/2011/375059.xml" aria-label="XML" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"> <div class="sc-eAKXzc WHkfb"> XML</d我v><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl sc-bfYoXt cGuwDn" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="24"></a> </div> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-imABML ibWUzs" href="//www.newsama.com/reprints/375059/confirm" aria-label="Order Printed Copies" target="_blank" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8" id="toolbar__opcNav"><span><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl sc-bfYoXt cGuwDn" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="24"><span class="sc-dRFtgE jrsDZP">订单打印副本</年代p一个n><span class="sc-gkFcWv gWTCXQ">订单</年代p一个n></span><span class="sc-htoDjs kNoiZu sc-gbOuXE jGPvPL right__icon icon-colored _32KP5uexH-Bgs7Kj8Gk1Tz icon-themeable" title="" font-size="16"></span></a> <div class="sc-hBbWxd kdRRST"> <div class="sc-dyGzUR cHatnS"> <div> 的观点<年代p一个n>1523年</年代p一个n> </div> <div> 下载<年代p一个n>436年</年代p一个n> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sc-drKuOJ kxdGAZ"> <span class="__dimensions_badge_embed__" data-doi="10.1155/2011/375059" data-style="small_circle"></span>引用</d我v> </div> </div> <nav class="sc-bRBYWo fXBKFa sc-hUfwpO jHPgUP" id="toolbar__iconNav"> <h3 class="sc-Rmtcm hNPrIr">分享文章</h3> <ul class="sc-hzDkRC bnbfTS"> <li class="iconBorder"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link" href="https://twitter.com/share?url=https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/375059&via=Hindawi" aria-label="Sharing on Twitter" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl socialTwitter" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="24"></a></li> <li class="iconBorder"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link" href="https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle/?url=https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/375059" aria-label="Sharing on Linkedin" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl socialLinkedin" title="" role="presentation" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/next_assets/wyT4heYybLmt1UEJexPE9/_next/static/node_modules/hindawi-ui/src/icon/svg/socialLinkedin.svg" height="24"></a></li> <li class="iconBorder"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/375059" aria-label="Sharing on Facebook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl socialFacebook" title="" role="presentation" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/next_assets/wyT4heYybLmt1UEJexPE9/_next/static/node_modules/hindawi-ui/src/icon/svg/socialFacebook-HINDAWI.svg" height="24"></a></li> <li class="iconBorder"> <div class="wechat-container"> <img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl socialWechat" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="24"> <div class="addthis_inline_share_toolbox"></div> </div></li> <li><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link" href="mailto:?subject=How Hyperpolarization and the Recovery of Excitability Affect Propagation through a Virtual Anode in the Heart&body=https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/375059" aria-label="Sharing on Mail" target="_blank"><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl socialMail" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="24"></a></li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="biblio__Wrapper-sc-1nou1lz-0 cBTaXT journal_article__BiblioIntegratorSidebar-sc-12fk6zy-4 cYsVdk biblioWrapperRight biblioWrapper hide"> <hr> <h4 class="biblio__H4-sc-1nou1lz-2 becpDt hrTitleRef">相关文章</h4> <div id="biblio_sidebar" class="biblio__BiblioWrapper-sc-1nou1lz-1 hFGNjP"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer class="sc-jKJlTe inBNwS"> <section class="sc-eNQAEJ dkutRV"> <div class="sc-bZQynM bNmdOy E_HUmlU2Hj3PpkDmWzKPd primary__footer footer__bodypadding"> <div class="sc-hMqMXs hlGpbO mobile"> 遵循我们:<nav role="navigation" class="sc-kkGfuU filPdg"> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-kEYyzF ecHxGW" href="https://twitter.com/hindawi" aria-label="Twitter" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje TsaZF" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="40"></a> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-kEYyzF ecHxGW" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/hindawilimited/" aria-label="LinkedIn" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje TsaZF" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="40"></a> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-kEYyzF ecHxGW" href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCDIK_O7FATPEkhad_sQVaSg" aria-label="Youtube" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje TsaZF" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="40"></a> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-kEYyzF ecHxGW" href="https://www.facebook.com/HindawiLimited/" aria-label="Facebook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje TsaZF" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="40"></a> </nav> </div> <nav class="E_HUmlU2Hj3PpkDmWzKPd _3wm8FgzqRuRWouJG31YgKx" role="navigation"> <ul class="_2k5c8zEhMT-84kRD4oDgAz _1SoDWGr_FVsil9klRfjnhb"> <li><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link about_us" href="//www.newsama.com/about/" aria-label="About us">关于我们</一个></li> <li><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link contact_us" href="//www.newsama.com/about/contact/" aria-label="Contact us">联系我们</一个></li> <li><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link partnerships" href="//www.newsama.com/publishing-partnerships/" aria-label="Partnerships">合作伙伴关系</一个></li> <li><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link blog" href="//www.newsama.com/blog/" aria-label="Blog">博客</一个></li> </ul> <ul class="_2k5c8zEhMT-84kRD4oDgAz _1SoDWGr_FVsil9klRfjnhb"> <li><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link journals" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/" aria-label="Journals">期刊</一个></li> <li><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link article_processing_charges" href="//www.newsama.com/publish-research/authors/article-processing-charges/" aria-label="Article Processing Charges">文章处理费用</一个></li> <li><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link print_editions" href="//www.newsama.com/print-editions/" aria-label="Print editions">印刷版</一个></li> </ul> <ul class="_2k5c8zEhMT-84kRD4oDgAz _1SoDWGr_FVsil9klRfjnhb"> <li><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link authors" href="//www.newsama.com/publish-research/authors/" aria-label="Authors">作者</一个></li> <li><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link editors" href="//www.newsama.com/publish-research/editors/" aria-label="Editors">编辑器</一个></li> <li><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link reviewers" href="//www.newsama.com/publish-research/reviewers/" aria-label="Reviewers">评论家</一个></li> </ul> <ul class="_2k5c8zEhMT-84kRD4oDgAz _1SoDWGr_FVsil9klRfjnhb"> <li><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link hindawi_xml_corpus" href="//www.newsama.com/hindawi-xml-corpus/" aria-label="Hindawi XML Corpus">雷电竞APP</a></li> <li><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link open_archives_initiative" href="//www.newsama.com/open-archives-initiative/" aria-label="Open Archives Initiative">开放档案计划</一个></li> <li><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link fraud_prevention" href="//www.newsama.com/preventing-and-protecting-against-fraud/" aria-label="Fraud prevention">欺诈防范</一个></li> </ul> </nav> <div class="sc-hMqMXs hlGpbO desktop"> 遵循我们:<nav role="navigation" class="sc-kkGfuU filPdg"> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-kEYyzF ecHxGW" href="https://twitter.com/hindawi" aria-label="Twitter" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje TsaZF" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="40"></a> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-kEYyzF ecHxGW" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/hindawilimited/" aria-label="LinkedIn" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje TsaZF" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="40"></a> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-kEYyzF ecHxGW" href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCDIK_O7FATPEkhad_sQVaSg" aria-label="Youtube" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje TsaZF" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="40"></a> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-kEYyzF ecHxGW" href="https://www.facebook.com/HindawiLimited/" aria-label="Facebook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje TsaZF" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="40"></a> </nav> </div> </div> </section> <div class="sc-bZQynM bNmdOy"> <section class="sc-iAyFgw gCiATD"> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link" href="//www.newsama.com/privacy/" aria-label="Privacy Policy">隐私政策 |</一个> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link" href="//www.newsama.com/terms/" aria-label="Terms of Service">服务条款 |</一个> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link" href="//www.newsama.com/responsible-disclosure-policy/" aria-label="Responsible Disclosure Policy">负责信息披露政策 |</一个> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link" href="//www.newsama.com/cookie-policy/" aria-label="Cookie Policy">饼干的政策 |</一个> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link" href="//www.newsama.com/copyright/" aria-label="Copyright">版权 |</一个> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link" href="//www.newsama.com/modern-slavery-statement/" aria-label="Modern slavery statement">现代奴隶制的声明</a> </section> </div> </footer> <div class="sc-OxbzP eEFYIL advWrapper hideBanner"> <span><p>文章奖:2020年杰出的研究贡献,选择由我们的首席编辑。<一个href="//www.newsama.com/article-year-award/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">获奖的文章阅读</一个>。</p></span> <button class="sc-bYnzgO dsXEHZ"><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje iiusBg sc-cPuPxo iXKuYd" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="16"></button> </div> </div> </div> <noscript> <iframe src="https://www.newsama.com/ns.html?id=GTM-MQ4MGW" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe> </noscript> </div> </body> </html>