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height="24"><span class="text">提交</年代p一个n></年代p一个n><span class="sc-htoDjs kNoiZu sc-dqBHgY cQgXqt fileArrow icon-colored undefined icon-themeable" title="" font-size="16"></span></a> <div class="sc-krDsej ewCAZX hide__submenu journalSubmenuCheck" id="journalnav__submenu"> <button class="sc-itybZL kdvWPs journalSubmenuCheck"><span class="sc-htoDjs gvAGTV sc-fzsDOv hAFFGk journalSubmenuCheck icon-colored _1CwL9R82TPl2HxDleeYGDR icon-themeable" title="" font-size="9"></span></button> </div> <div class="sc-dTdPqK lkWWFY hide__submenu journal__nav__desktop" id="journalnav__submenudesktop"> <div order="0" class="sc-kUaPvJ ehYbwJ"> <div class="sc-gPWkxV legory"></div> <div class="sc-gPWkxV legory"></div> </div> <div class="sc-jVODtj epgILe"></div> <span class="sc-fONwsr kCfRMJ"></span> </div> </nav> </div> <div class="sc-nrwXf byflLi breadcrumb__wrapper journal_article__BreadCrumbStyle-sc-12fk6zy-2 bjwAQR article"> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-eitiEO jXeALb breadCrumb" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cmmm/" aria-label="Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine">计算和数学方法在医学</一个>/<gydF4y2Ba一个class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-eitiEO jXeALb breadCrumb" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cmmm/contents/year/2011/" aria-label="2011">2011年</一个>/<gydF4y2Ba年代p一个nclass="sc-bhlBdH UVThf">文章</年代p一个n></d我v><d我vclass="threeColumn__ThreeColumnWrapper-sc-1bf4078-0 dDyxFF threeColumnWrapper"> <div class="threeColumn__LeftWrapper-sc-1bf4078-1 fkVFlF leftWrapper"> <button type="button" class="sc-eKZiaR dzZrgS section__button " id="sectionButton"><span class="sc-htoDjs diutvq icon__dots dots__detector icon-colored _3n-7Ho7DlfjMlZbrRr9Q4a icon-themeable" title="" font-size="22"></span>文章部分</gydF4y2Babutton> <div class="sc-bEjcJn jLUVhb static_contents__section_links links__hidden "> <div id="leftSectionMenu" class="sc-cbkKFq prcY sc-bGbJRg dVCLgr left_section_menu"> <p>在这一页上</p><年代p一个nclass="sc-likbZx bBmZJZ grey" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-ePZHVD ewHMLz" href="#abstract" aria-label="">文摘</一个></年代p一个n><年代pan class="sc-likbZx bBmZJZ grey" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-ePZHVD ewHMLz" href="#introduction" aria-label="">介绍</一个></年代p一个n><年代pan class="sc-likbZx bBmZJZ grey" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-ePZHVD ewHMLz" href="#acknowledgments" aria-label="">确认</一个></年代p一个n><年代pan class="sc-likbZx bBmZJZ grey" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-ePZHVD ewHMLz" href="#references" aria-label="">引用</一个></年代p一个n><年代pan class="sc-likbZx bBmZJZ grey" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-ePZHVD ewHMLz" href="#copyright" aria-label="">版权</一个></年代p一个n></d我v> </div> </div> <div class="threeColumn__ContentWrapper-sc-1bf4078-3 bbzREB contentWrapper"> <div class="threeColumn__Content-sc-1bf4078-4 jknsZc content"> <div class="articleContent__ArticleContentsWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-0 eSvjPB article_contents"> <div class="articleContent__ArticleContentsSectionsWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-1 jntdRu article_contents__sections_wrapper"> <div class="articleContent__ArticleWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-2 hAzjHP"> <div class="sc-chbbiW mBGSe article_header_class"> <p class="sc-kZmsYB bkiEfx article_type">研究文章|<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->开放获取</p><d我vclass="sc-RcBXQ ztvYg article_citation"> 体积<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> 2011年<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> <span class="sc-fZwumE cUsFHx">|</年代p一个n>文章的ID<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> 143480年<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> <span class="sc-fZwumE cUsFHx">|</年代p一个n><一个class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-fQejPQ duuwge" href="https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/143480" aria-label="Doi-link">https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/143480</一个></d我v><d我vclass="sc-LKuAh lcOiDF article_full_citation"> <div class="sc-hzNEM gsmOCv isHide"> <p>m .博罗夫斯基,s . Siebig c . Wrede英霍夫<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> ”<年代p一个nclass="adjust-article-svg-size">减少假警报的重症监护在线监测系统:一个评估两种信号提取算法</年代p一个n>”,<gydF4y2Ba!-- --><i>计算和数学方法在医学</我>,<gydF4y2gydF4y2BaBa!-- --> 卷。<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->2011年<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> 文章的ID<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->143480年<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> 11<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->   页面<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> 2011年<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->。<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/143480</p></d我v><button class="sc-hSdWYo etauus sc-iBEsjs kPshFw" color="">显示引用</gydF4y2Babutton> </div> <h1 class="sc-iRbamj jZOxOO sc-iSDuPN jMdfPj article_title adjust-article-svg-size heading-title">减少假警报的重症监护在线监测系统:一个评估两种信号提取算法</gydF4y2Bah1> </div> <div class="sc-jrIrqw eHMFfo article_authors"> <hr class="sc-cEvuZC XkrFe hr__author"> <span class=""><b>m .博罗夫斯基</gydF4y2Bab><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link" href="mailto:" aria-label="Mail Option"><span class="sc-htoDjs kNoiZu sc-hjRWVT irNWJI icon-colored _2zt-1j0LmaF8UjTQAM413G icon-themeable" title="" font-size="16"></span></a>,<年代up>1</gydF4y2Ba年代up></年代p一个n><年代pan class="">美国Siebig<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<年代up>2</gydF4y2Ba年代up></年代p一个n><年代pan class="">c . Wrede<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<年代up>3</gydF4y2Ba年代up>和</年代p一个n><年代p一个nclass="">m·伊霍夫<年代up>4</gydF4y2Ba年代up></年代p一个n><d我v class="sc-fHxwqH dMuGGA isHide"> <p><sup>1</年代up><年代p一个n>科技大学Fakultat Statistik,多特蒙德,44227多特蒙德,德国</年代p一个n></p><p><sup>2</年代up><年代p一个n>Universitatsklinikum雷根斯堡,93042雷根斯堡,德国</年代p一个n></p><p><sup>3</年代up><年代p一个n>Helios Klinikum Berlin-Buch, 13125年柏林,德国</年代p一个n></p><p><sup>4</年代up><年代p一个n>一个bteilung毛皮Medizinische Informatik、Biometrie和Epidemiologie Ruhr-Universitat,波鸿,44801波鸿,德国</年代p一个n></p></d我v> <button class="sc-hSdWYo etauus sc-iQtOjA kfDwZY" color="">显示更多</gydF4y2Babutton> </div> <div class="articleContent__EditorWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-3 evMkvU"> <div class="articleContent__TextWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-8 fYrLtk"> <b>学术编辑器:</gydF4y2Bab>伊冯Vergouwe</d我v><d我vclass="articleContent__PublicationTimeLineWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-4 fjviok"> <div class="articleContent__PublcationCol-sc-2yl9jy-5 hgKieC notPublished"> <span class="articleContent__PublicationField-sc-2yl9jy-6 cIribm">收到了</年代p一个n><年代p一个nclass="articleContent__PublicationValue-sc-2yl9jy-7 khHUcu">2010年8月16日</年代p一个n></d我v><d我vclass="articleContent__PublcationCol-sc-2yl9jy-5 hgKieC notPublished"> <span class="articleContent__PublicationField-sc-2yl9jy-6 cIribm">接受</年代p一个n><年代p一个nclass="articleContent__PublicationValue-sc-2yl9jy-7 khHUcu">2011年1月11日</年代p一个n></d我v><d我vclass="articleContent__PublcationCol-sc-2yl9jy-5 hgKieC isPublished"> <span class="articleContent__PublicationField-sc-2yl9jy-6 cIribm">发表</年代p一个n><年代p一个nclass="articleContent__PublicationValue-sc-2yl9jy-7 khHUcu">2011年2月27日</年代p一个n></d我v></d我v> </div> <article class="sc-jtRlXQ cRDvIO article_body "> <div> <div class="xml-content"> <h4 class="header" id="abstract">文摘</gydF4y2Bah4> <p>在线监测系统在重症监护是影响高假阈值警报。这些是由不相关的噪声和离群值的测量时间序列数据。高误报率可以降低分离相关信号从噪声和离群值在线,这样信号估计,而不是原始的测量,比较报警限制。介绍两个最近开发的临床验证研究在线信号过滤器。过滤器是基于鲁棒重复回归中值不同宽度的windows移动。验证完成离线使用大型带注释的参考数据库。敏感性和性能标准的比例假警报信号抑制的过滤器。</p><年代p一个nclass="end-abs"></span> <h4 id="introduction">1。介绍</gydF4y2Bah4> <p>在重症监护病人的条件是由在线监测监管系统测量几个生命体征的高采样率高达每秒一个观察。这些设备生产不同类型的警报,提醒临床工作人员。最常见的这些警报是所谓的简单阈值警报,给出当生命体征的测量值超出指定的报警限制。无关紧要的高速率阈值警报,文物和短期波动造成的,是一个著名的问题,一些研究中所示;参见[<一个href="#B3">1</一个>]或[<一个href="#B25">2</一个>例如,]。高误报率可能导致危险的脱敏向警报和医务人员,因此,大大降低整个报警系统的有效的灵敏度<一个href="#B2">3</一个>- - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - -<gydF4y2Ba一个href="#B20">5</一个>]。此外,报警限制可能会完全禁用设置宽不足或警报。显然,需要改进的在线监测系统对假阳性高的警报。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba提出了几种方法来提高报警系统。例如,中位数过滤器可以用来消除噪声和文物<一个href="#B18">6</一个>];在[<一个href="#B13">7</一个>),一个方法开发了基于控制图检测收缩压的变化;在[<一个href="#B4">8</一个>),预处理算法,提供了一个依据在线趋势提取方法(<一个href="#B5">9</一个>]。急救护理监测报警算法的概述在[<一个href="#B12">10</一个>]。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba减少误警率的一个方法是统计信号提取或过滤。假设数据由一个真实的但未知相关信号覆盖不相关噪声和离群值。信号可以提取<我>在线</我>,这意味着信号提取的顺序与每个新传入的测量。然后,报警限制可以比作在线提取信号代替原始测量数据,从而减少阈值警报。图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cmmm/2011/143480/fig1/" target="_blank">1</一个>说明了这种方法。</p><d我vclass="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig1"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig1"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="143480.fig.001" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cmmm/volume-2011/143480/figures/143480.fig.001.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图1</年代p一个n><一个一个r我一个- - - - - -label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cmmm/2011/143480/fig1/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> 生成的时间序列数据(虚线)组成的真正的信号(固体)叠加噪声和离群值。虽然报警范围内的信号(虚线),异常值会导致一些不必要的阈值警报。</t一个ble> </div> </div> </div> <p>从临床在线监测时间序列不是静止的而是显示水平变化,持久的和不断变化的趋势,高水平的噪音,被(补丁)离群值。一个合适的方法为在线信号提取,这样困难的数据,是鲁棒线性回归在移动时间窗(<一个href="#B6">11</一个>- - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - -<gydF4y2Ba一个href="#B9">13</一个>]。然后,回归线的水平在中央,或者或者,右边的窗口位置作为信号估计。在右边的窗口中使用的水平位置的优点是在一个在线应用程序中,信号估计当前时间点,也就是说,没有延时。因此,我们将考虑这种类型的移动窗口回归。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba由于异常值出现频繁,稳健回归方法应该被应用。的重复值(RM)回归<一个href="#B24">14</一个>)已被证明是一个合适的候选人临床在线监测的特殊情况(<一个href="#B6">11</一个>,<gydF4y2Ba一个href="#B9">13</一个>]。它优于其他稳健回归方法对健壮性、计算时间和效率,在低偏压和可变性。然而,对于任何移动窗口技术,RM信号估计是强烈影响靠窗的大小:大窗户引起“平滑”信号估计小变化而小窗口导致信号接近的估计数据。的<我>自适应在线RM</我>(aoRM) [<gydF4y2Ba一个href="#B22">15</一个>)选择自动RM的窗口宽度;只要数据“稳定”,窗口宽度逐渐增加,但当一个结构变化,例如,水平转变,发生时,窗口宽度设置为一个预先确定的最小值。aoRM增强是一个过滤程序多元时间序列,即<我>自适应网络修剪重复Median-Least广场</我>(一个oTR米- - - - - -l年代)过滤器<一个href="#B1">16</一个>]。这个过程因素在当地互关联(例如,收缩期和舒张动脉压高度相关)为了提高过滤的结果。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba一个好的过滤过程抑制了“许多”(即无关。,只假警报而抑制相关(即“几”。,真正的警报。在本文中,我们将调查aoRM aoTRM-LS对这些标准。调查使用记录监控数据从一个重症监护病房;所有给定的警报已经被一个有经验的医生带注释的回顾为真或假。aoRM和aoTRM-LS过滤器应用离线数据以确定抑制假警报的数量和正确地复制真实的警报的数量。相应的性能标准<我>灵敏度</我>和<我>假警报率减少</我>。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba在下一节中,我们解释了aoRM和aoTRM-LS算法。部分<一个href="#sec3">3</一个>描述了研究,关注数据收集和注释。节<一个href="#sec4">4</一个>,我们说明了考虑性能标准,我们确定的方式。部分<一个href="#sec5">5</一个>我们分析的结果。总结和前景给出了部分<一个href="#sec6">6</一个>。</p><gydF4y2Bah4 id="signal-extraction-algorithms">2。信号提取算法</gydF4y2Bah4> <p>的监测<年代vgheight="10.7375" id="M1" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt;width:8.6000004px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.6000004 10.7375" width="8.6000004" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.7375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.41)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>生命体征(如心率、血氧饱和度、收缩压、舒张压、平均动脉压)导致<年代vgheight="10.7375" id="M2" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt;width:8.6000004px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.6000004 10.7375" width="8.6000004" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.7375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.41)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>变量时间序列<年代vgheight="17.862499" id="M3" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:150.35001px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 150.35001 17.862499" width="150.35001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,17.8625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-57.71)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,60.99)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> y</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.2515001" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.328438" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.955269" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.995659" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.159157" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-27.58,57.86)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-22.71,60.99)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.240437" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.441685" y="0"> …</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.032684" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.246437" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,20.74,57.86)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,25.98,60.99)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.240437" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,42.39,66.16)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> T</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>,在那里<年代vgheight="10.8875" id="M4" style="vertical-align:-0.33858pt;width:35.3125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 35.3125 10.8875" width="35.3125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.8875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.29)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.67)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.37677" y="0"> ∈</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.417158" y="0"> ℕ</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>是时候指数,例如,表示每秒钟。网络信号提取方法是基于观测数据的假设<年代vgheight="13.8875" id="M5" style="vertical-align:-2.5707pt;width:23.237499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 23.237499 13.8875" width="23.237499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.8875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.89)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.2515001" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.328438" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>可以分解成一个真正的但未知信号与噪声和离群值覆盖<年代p一个nclass="equation" id="EEq1"> <svg height="18.375" id="M6" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 18.375" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,18.375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-57.3)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,126,61.1)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> y</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.3269978" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.490497" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.403936" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.043268" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.247158" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="49.949486" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="54.112984" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="58.026424" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="64.965591" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="76.305809" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="84.582794" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="88.746292" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="92.659737" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="99.5989" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="110.95162" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="119.27862" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="123.44212" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="127.35556" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="134.99489" y="0"> ∈</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="147.03528" y="0"> ℝ</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,282.38,66.1)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,287.62,61.1)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="186.5" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="190.6635" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="196.91499" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg></span>在这里,<年代vgheight="17.862499" id="M7" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:155.58749px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 155.58749 17.862499" width="155.58749" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,17.8625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-57.71)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,60.99)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.6018238" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.765323" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.678762" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.318094" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.358482" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.521984" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-24.81,57.86)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-19.93,60.99)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.240437" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.441685" y="0"> …</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.032684" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.233932" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,24.93,57.86)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,30.17,60.99)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.240437" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,46.57,66.16)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> T</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>表示<年代vgheight="10.7375" id="M8" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt;width:8.6000004px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.6000004 10.7375" width="8.6000004" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.7375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.41)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>维信号在时间<年代vgheight="9.125" id="M9" style="vertical-align:-0.11285pt;width:5.0124998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 5.0124998 9.125" width="5.0124998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,9.125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-64.7)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.86)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>。噪声项是<年代vgheight="13.45" id="M10" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:22.987499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 22.987499 13.45" width="22.987499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.45)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.0514522" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.214951" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.12839" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>,在那里<年代vgheight="14.7125" id="M11" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:89.762497px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 89.762497 14.7125" width="89.762497" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.23)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.9,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-61.02,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.240437" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.441685" y="0"> …</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.020184" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.233932" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-17.73,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-12.48,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>与零值和时间差异是错误<年代vgheight="14.7125" id="M12" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:92.974998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 92.974998 14.7125" width="92.974998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.23)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.61,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-59.74,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.240437" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.441685" y="0"> …</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.032684" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.246437" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-15.15,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-9.91,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>。错误可能是相关的,也就是说,可能<年代vgheight="16.637501" id="M13" style="vertical-align:-4.77652pt;width:121.775px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 121.775 16.637501" width="121.775" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.6375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-58.69)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> C</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.3395014" y="0"> o</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.315935" y="0"> v</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.567434" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.730934" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-41.17,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-37.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.240437" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.441685" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-14.45,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-10.02,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.240437" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.479433" y="0"> ≠</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.13199" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>对于任何<年代vgheight="13.3875" id="M14" style="vertical-align:-2.34499pt;width:27.9125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 27.9125 13.3875" width="27.9125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.3875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.29)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.67)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.9639311" y="0"> ≠</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.616488" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>。局外人生成机制,产生冲动的噪音用<年代vgheight="13.55" id="M15" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:23.237499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 23.237499 13.55" width="23.237499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.55)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.16)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.238997" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.402496" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.315935" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>。</p><p>一个oR米和aoTRM-LS可以用来提取信号向量<年代vgheight="13.55" id="M16" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:24.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 24.9375 13.55" width="24.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.55)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.16)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.6018238" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.765323" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.678762" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>在线:每个传入新观测时间<年代vgheight="9.125" id="M17" style="vertical-align:-0.11285pt;width:5.0124998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 5.0124998 9.125" width="5.0124998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,9.125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-64.7)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.86)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>,一个新的信号估计输出<年代vgheight="14.975" id="M18" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:24.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 24.9375 14.975" width="24.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.975)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.02)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.64,62.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-0.30007201" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.3017521" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.465251" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.37869" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>生产。aoRM为单变量时间序列开发的,这意味着它必须分别适用于每一个单变量的组成部分<年代vgheight="10.7375" id="M19" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt;width:8.6000004px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.6000004 10.7375" width="8.6000004" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.7375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.41)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>变量时间序列。相反,aoTRM-LS过滤器是多元时间序列的发展。它考虑本地变量之间的依赖性,并确保鲁棒性对异常值对当地的协方差结构。因为aoTRM-LS基于aoRM,我们首先介绍单变量aoRM。</p><gydF4y2Bah5 id="sec2.1">2.1。自适应在线重复中值滤波器(aoRM)</gydF4y2Bah5> <p>在[<一个href="#B22">15</一个>),假设底层信号<年代vgheight="13.55" id="M20" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:24.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 24.9375 13.55" width="24.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.55)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.16)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.6018238" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.765323" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.678762" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>单变量时间序列的近似线性的在一个小窗口移动<年代vgheight="13.575" id="M21" style="vertical-align:-2.26974pt;width:107.05px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 107.05 13.575" width="107.05" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.575)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.14)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> {</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.00144" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.690545" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.030766" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.020424" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="44.360645" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="50.612144" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="55.825893" y="0"> …</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="70.416893" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="75.618141" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="79.531586" y="0"> }</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>的长度<年代vgheight="7.1374998" id="M22" style="vertical-align:-0.10033pt;width:7.8874998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 7.8874998 7.1374998" width="7.8874998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.1375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-66.29)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg><span class="equation" id="EEq2"> <svg height="15.75" id="M23" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 15.75" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,15.75)"> <g transform="translate(72,-59.4)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,116.74,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.6898251" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.853324" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.542429" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.88265" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.884811" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="52.225033" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="57.726353" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="65.365685" y="0"> ≈</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="77.39357" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="87.095901" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="91.259399" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="95.172836" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="102.112" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="113.46472" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="122.5169" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="126.6804" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="130.59384" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="137.533" y="0"> ⋅</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="143.89703" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="148.06053" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="156.33751" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="167.67773" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="173.89172" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="180.14322" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="357.38" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="361.54349" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="367.79501" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg></span>在哪里<年代vgheight="12.8875" id="M24" style="vertical-align:-1.76814pt;width:73.224998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 73.224998 12.8875" width="73.224998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.8875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.69)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.9646511" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.005039" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.25654" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.470291" y="0"> …</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="47.04879" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="52.262539" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>和<年代vgheight="11.25" id="M25" style="vertical-align:-1.29163pt;width:32.174999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 32.174999 11.25" width="32.174999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.25)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.34)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.6773224" y="0"> ≤</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.71771" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>。在这里,<年代vgheight="13.55" id="M26" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:24.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 24.9375 13.55" width="24.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.55)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.16)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.6018238" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.765323" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.678762" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>的水平直线在最右边的时间点吗<年代vgheight="9.125" id="M27" style="vertical-align:-0.11285pt;width:5.0124998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 5.0124998 9.125" width="5.0124998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,9.125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-64.7)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.86)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>,<年代vgheight="13.55" id="M28" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:24.15px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 24.15 13.55" width="24.15" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.55)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.16)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.9641709" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.12767" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.041109" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>是相关斜率的时间窗口。最右边的窗口时间点<年代vgheight="9.125" id="M29" style="vertical-align:-0.11285pt;width:5.0124998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 5.0124998 9.125" width="5.0124998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,9.125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-64.7)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.86)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>对应于当前时间点的在线情况。然后,RM的估计<年代vgheight="13.55" id="M30" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:24.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 24.9375 13.55" width="24.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.55)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.16)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.6018238" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.765323" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.678762" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>和<年代vgheight="13.55" id="M31" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:24.15px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 24.15 13.55" width="24.15" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.55)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.16)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.9641709" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.12767" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.041109" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>在(<一个href="#EEq2">2</一个>)<gydF4y2Ba年代p一个nclass="equation" id="eq1"> <svg height="116.1" id="M32" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 116.1" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,116.1)"> <g transform="translate(72,20.88)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,60.41,61.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ̂</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-6.3699999" y="2.72"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,61.02,66.16)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> R</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.837584" y="0"> 米</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,77.22,58.29)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-19.709999" y="31.23"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="1.607615" y="31.23"> 米</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.334949" y="31.23"> e</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.88628" y="31.23"> d</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,69.55,19.11)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.8508799" y="0"> ∈</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.8459997" y="0"> {</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="14.04696" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="18.42296" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="20.61096" y="0"> …</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="29.362961" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="31.550961" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="35.900703" y="0"> }</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,111.74,19.74)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.59" y="-7.3200002"> 米</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.317333" y="-7.3200002"> e</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.868668" y="-7.3200002"> d</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,123.07,19.11)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.8813438" y="0"> ≠</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="13.329296" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="17.180176" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="19.368176" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="23.796688" y="0"> ∈</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="29.791807" y="0"> {</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="33.992767" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="38.368767" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="40.556767" y="0"> …</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="49.308769" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="51.496769" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="55.846512" y="0"> }</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,185.21,19.74)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.52" y="-15.63"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.796986" y="-15.63"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.960485" y="-15.63"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.662092" y="-15.63"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="43.002316" y="-15.63"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="51.99197" y="-15.63"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="63.332191" y="-15.63"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="68.833511" y="-15.63"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="75.785179" y="-15.63"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="87.125404" y="-15.63"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="95.40239" y="-15.63"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="99.565887" y="-15.63"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="106.26749" y="-15.63"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="117.60771" y="-15.63"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="126.59737" y="-15.63"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="137.93759" y="-15.63"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="144.26411" y="-15.63"> )</t年代p一个n></text> <g> <path d="m 197.73,30.19 135.92,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,252.72,18.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="106.86" y="-8.75"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.2644835" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.617207" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="82.120003" y="-1.4299999"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="93.447716" y="-1.4299999"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-198.37" y="27.129999"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-198.67007" y="27.129999"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,61.66,-2.51)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> R</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.837584" y="0"> 米</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,77.86,-8.81)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.703768" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.021381" y="0"> 米</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="46.748718" y="0"> e</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="52.300049" y="0"> d</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,105.61,-16.77)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.8508799" y="0"> ∈</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.8459997" y="0"> {</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="14.04696" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="18.42296" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="20.61096" y="0"> …</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="29.362961" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="31.550961" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="35.900703" y="0"> }</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,147.79,-13.74)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.9700003" y="-4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="89.940002" y="-7.6500001"> ̂</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="83.57" y="-4.9200001"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.25" y="-4.9299998"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.4135" y="-4.9299998"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.102604" y="-4.9299998"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.442825" y="-4.9299998"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="48.432484" y="-4.9299998"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="59.785206" y="-4.9299998"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="65.28653" y="-4.9299998"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="72.225693" y="-4.9299998"> +</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,238.34,-0.95)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> R</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.837584" y="0"> 米</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,254.54,-8.81)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="55.540001" y="4.9299998"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="66.589996" y="0.0099999998"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.016103" y="0"> ⋅</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.367626" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.531126" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.808113" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.160835" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="51.374828" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="219.58" y="-31.25"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="223.7435" y="-31.25"> 3</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="229.995" y="-31.25"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg></span>RM aoRM估计信号的窗口宽度后适应当前数据的情况。窗口宽度适应时自动完成一个新的观察,也就是说,在每个时间点<年代vgheight="9.125" id="M33" style="vertical-align:-0.11285pt;width:5.0124998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 5.0124998 9.125" width="5.0124998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,9.125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-64.7)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.86)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>。适应窗口的宽度<年代vgheight="9.125" id="M34" style="vertical-align:-0.11285pt;width:5.0124998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 5.0124998 9.125" width="5.0124998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,9.125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-64.7)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.86)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>因此,用吗<年代vgheight="13.45" id="M35" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:23.1875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 23.1875 13.45" width="23.1875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.45)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.2139912" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.37749" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.290929" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>。后<年代vgheight="13.45" id="M36" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:23.1875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 23.1875 13.45" width="23.1875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.45)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.2139912" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.37749" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.290929" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>信号,确定吗<年代vgheight="13.55" id="M37" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:24.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 24.9375 13.55" width="24.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.55)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.16)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.6018238" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.765323" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.678762" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>RM回归估计的时间窗口<年代vgheight="13.575" id="M38" style="vertical-align:-2.26974pt;width:122.3625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 122.3625 13.575" width="122.3625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.575)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.14)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> {</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.00144" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.690545" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.030766" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.244757" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.408257" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.321693" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.26086" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="56.601082" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="62.852581" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="68.06633" y="0"> …</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="82.657333" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="87.858582" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="91.772018" y="0"> }</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba在[<一个href="#B22">15</一个>),这是要求<年代vgheight="14.775" id="M39" style="vertical-align:-3.22282pt;width:148.77499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 148.77499 14.775" width="148.77499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.775)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.18)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.2139912" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.37749" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.290929" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.917759" y="0"> ∈</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.958149" y="0"> {</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.959587" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-25.77,60.32)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 米</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> 我</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.2421122" y="0"> n</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-8.74,63.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.2137508" y="0"> …</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.79225" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.006001" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,22.48,60.32)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 米</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> 一个</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.694944" y="0"> x</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,40.97,63.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> }</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>。的最小宽度<年代vgheight="10.925" id="M40" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:29.1875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 29.1875 10.925" width="29.1875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.925)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.26)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.74,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 米</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> 我</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.2421122" y="0"> n</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>保证鲁棒性对一定数量的异常值,而最大宽度<年代vgheight="11.0375" id="M41" style="vertical-align:-3.22282pt;width:31px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 31 11.0375" width="31" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.17)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.74,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 米</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> 一个</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.694944" y="0"> x</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>限制了计算时间。这两个<年代vgheight="10.925" id="M42" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:29.1875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 29.1875 10.925" width="29.1875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.925)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.26)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.74,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 米</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> 我</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.2421122" y="0"> n</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>和<年代vgheight="11.0375" id="M43" style="vertical-align:-3.22282pt;width:31px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 31 11.0375" width="31" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.17)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.74,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 米</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> 一个</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.694944" y="0"> x</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>由用户事先必须设置。完成aoRM算法的流程图如图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cmmm/2011/143480/fig2/" target="_blank">2</一个>。aoRM算法的主要步骤是RM的决定是否适合的时间窗口<年代vgheight="13.575" id="M44" style="vertical-align:-2.26974pt;width:122.3625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 122.3625 13.575" width="122.3625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.575)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.14)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> {</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.00144" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.690545" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.030766" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.244757" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.408257" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.321693" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.26086" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="56.601082" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="62.852581" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="68.06633" y="0"> …</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="82.657333" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="87.858582" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="91.772018" y="0"> }</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>,也就是说,在窗户上样品<年代vgheight="13.55" id="M45" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:143.675px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 143.675 13.55" width="143.675" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.55)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.16)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.201488" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.364987" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.054092" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.394314" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.608303" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.771805" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.685242" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="49.624409" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="60.964626" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="67.216125" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="71.379623" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="76.593376" y="0"> …</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="91.18438" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="96.385628" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="102.58711" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="106.75061" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="110.66405" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>是足够的。这个决定是由通过一个测试程序,是基于事实的RM回归结果同等数量的积极的和消极的剩余工资。如果正面和负面的残差不平衡的<年代vgheight="7.1374998" id="M46" style="vertical-align:-0.10033pt;width:11.225px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.225 7.1374998" width="11.225" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.1375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-66.29)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>右边的残差时间窗内的宽度<年代vgheight="13.45" id="M47" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:23.1875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 23.1875 13.45" width="23.1875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.45)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.2139912" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.37749" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.290929" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>,RM被认为是不够的。输入参数<年代vgheight="7.1374998" id="M48" style="vertical-align:-0.10033pt;width:11.225px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.225 7.1374998" width="11.225" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.1375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-66.29)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>应该选择这样<年代vgheight="13.45" id="M49" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:65.837502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 65.837502 13.45" width="65.837502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.45)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.340461" y="0"> ≤</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.38085" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.594841" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.758339" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.67178" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.835278" y="0"> /</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="46.311111" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>。更多细节关于测试过程和选择<年代vgheight="7.1374998" id="M50" style="vertical-align:-0.10033pt;width:11.225px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.225 7.1374998" width="11.225" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.1375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-66.29)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>,<一个href="#B22">15</一个>]。</p><d我vclass="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig2"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig2"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="143480.fig.002" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cmmm/volume-2011/143480/figures/143480.fig.002.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图2</年代p一个n><一个一个r我一个- - - - - -label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cmmm/2011/143480/fig2/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> aoRM算法。</t一个ble> </div> </div> </div> <p>aoRM滤波器估计,在最右边的或当前时间点的信号,即信号的提取,没有相关的时间延迟。(其计算时间取决于所选择的输入参数。R包<年代p一个n年代tyle=”font- - - - - -family:monospace">robfilter</年代p一个n>(<gydF4y2Ba一个href="#B7">17</一个>一个oR米]提供了一个功能;参见<一个href="#sec5.2">5.2</一个>。我们应用这个aoRM函数使用一个电脑2.3 GHz处理器、2 GB RAM和获得意味着为一个迭代计算以0.007秒的成绩,分别地。时间点)。然而,估计的信号水平的右端回归线意味着信号估计可能偏离明显的数据,尤其是当水平发生变化。然后,信号估计“超调”;他们离开的窗口范围观察,见图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cmmm/2011/143480/fig3/" target="_blank">3(一个)</一个>。它显示了生成的时间序列(虚线)和向上和向下的水平变化在时间点<年代vgheight="11.1" id="M51" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:40.037498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 40.037498 11.1" width="40.037498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.1)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.12)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.37677" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.417158" y="0"> 5</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.668659" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>和<年代vgheight="10.9125" id="M52" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:47.849998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 47.849998 10.9125" width="47.849998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.37677" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.417158" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.668659" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.920158" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>和相应的aoRM信号估计时间序列(固体)。约时间<年代vgheight="10.9125" id="M53" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:40.037498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 40.037498 10.9125" width="40.037498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.37677" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.417158" y="0"> 7</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.668659" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>和<年代vgheight="10.9125" id="M54" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:47.849998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 47.849998 10.9125" width="47.849998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.37677" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.417158" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.668659" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.920158" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>,aoRM信号估计过度。那些过激是至关重要的在我们的环境因为突然的变化数据可能导致信号估计交叉警报上限<我>虽然测量</我>在图中可以看到。即aoRM-based报警系统理论上可以产生更多的假警报系统基于原始测量。</p><d我vclass="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig3"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig3"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(一)”n一个米e=”143480。f我g.003a" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cmmm/volume-2011/143480/figures/143480.fig.003a.jpg"> <br> <strong>(一)</年代trong></d我v> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(b)”n一个米e=”143480。f我g.003b" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cmmm/volume-2011/143480/figures/143480.fig.003b.jpg"> <br> <strong>(b)</年代trong></d我v> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs fig-thumbs-fig3"> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(a)"><img alt="(一)”n一个米e=”143480。f我g.003a" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cmmm/volume-2011/143480/figures/143480.fig.003a.jpg"><br><strong>(一)</年代trong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(b)"><img alt="(b)”n一个米e=”143480。f我g.003b" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cmmm/volume-2011/143480/figures/143480.fig.003b.jpg"><br><strong>(b)</年代trong></button> </div> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev fig-nav-fig3"> <button class="carousel-prev" aria-label="Previous"></button> <button class="carousel-next" aria-label="Next"></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图3</年代p一个n><一个一个r我一个- - - - - -label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cmmm/2011/143480/fig3/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <a href="#EEq3">5</一个><t一个ble> (一)aoRM信号估计(固体)过度突然变化后的数据(虚线)。(b)的影响restrict-to-range规则()gydF4y2Ba。</t一个ble> </div> </div> </div> <p>为了防止信号估计过高,导致假警报,建议在<一个href="#B22">15</一个>限制信号估计<年代vgheight="18.112499" id="M55" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:52.912498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 52.912498 18.112499" width="52.912498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,18.1125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-57.51)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.64,59.85)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-0.30007201" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.34,66.16)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 一个</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.8858881" y="0"> o</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.2618876" y="0"> R</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="14.099472" y="0"> 米</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-41.96,59.85)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>值的范围内<年代vgheight="7.1374998" id="M56" style="vertical-align:-0.10033pt;width:11.225px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.225 7.1374998" width="11.225" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.1375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-66.29)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>最近的观察<年代vgheight="13.55" id="M57" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:131.7px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 131.7 13.55" width="131.7" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.55)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.16)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.201488" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.364987" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.054092" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.394314" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.047108" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="51.387329" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="57.638828" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="61.80233" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="67.016083" y="0"> …</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="81.607079" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="86.808327" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="93.009819" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="97.173317" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="101.08675" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>。(注意,这是子样品用于决定是否RM是足够的。)定义的最小和最大<年代vgheight="7.1374998" id="M58" style="vertical-align:-0.10033pt;width:11.225px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.225 7.1374998" width="11.225" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.1375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-66.29)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>最最近的观察<年代p一个nclass="equation" id="eq2"> <svg height="45.712502" id="M59" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 45.712502" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,45.7125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-35.43)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,102.89,60.97)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,109.09,65.97)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="8.1199999"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 米</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> 我</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.2421122" y="0"> n</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,126.75,60.98)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-25.309999" y="21.75"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.703768" y="0"> ∶</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.0928" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.13319" y="0"> 米</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="43.860523" y="0"> 我</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="47.336357" y="0"> n</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="57.751358" y="0"> {</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="63.752796" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="72.04229" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="76.205788" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="82.89489" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="94.247612" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="105.90041" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="117.24063" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="123.49213" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="129.74364" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="134.94489" y="0"> …</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="149.53587" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="154.74963" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="163.02661" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="167.19011" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="171.10356" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="175.26706" y="0"> }</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="183.35649" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,107.64,44.23)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="8.1300001"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 米</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> 一个</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.694944" y="0"> x</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,126.75,39.23)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.703768" y="0"> ∶</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.0928" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.13319" y="0"> 米</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="43.860523" y="0"> 一个</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="49.411858" y="0"> x</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="59.826855" y="0"> {</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="65.828293" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="74.117783" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="78.281281" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="84.97039" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="96.323112" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="107.97591" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="119.31613" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="125.56763" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="131.81912" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="137.02037" y="0"> …</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="151.61137" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="156.82513" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="165.10211" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="169.26561" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="173.17905" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="177.34254" y="0"> }</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="185.43199" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="347.37" y="-11.36"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="351.53351" y="-11.36"> 4</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="357.785" y="-11.36"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg></span>的<我>re年代tr我ct-to-range规则</我>是<年代p一个nclass="equation" id="EEq3"> <svg height="48.1875" id="M60" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 48.1875" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,48.1875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-33.45)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,70.73,49.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 年代</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.863667" y="0"> e</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.314975" y="0"> t</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.241877" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.954308" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,96.29,55.91)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 一个</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.8858881" y="0"> o</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.2618876" y="0"> R</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="14.099472" y="0"> 米</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,120.75,49.61)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.959999" y="9.7399998"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="54.41" y="-10.11"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.716271" y="0"> ⟵</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,181.36,64.72)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="8.1300001"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 米</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> 我</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.2421122" y="0"> n</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,199.02,59.72)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.315935" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.395033" y="0"> 我</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.870869" y="0"> f</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="43.510441" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="43.22287" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,249.85,66.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 一个</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.8858881" y="0"> o</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.2618876" y="0"> R</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="14.099472" y="0"> 米</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,274.31,59.72)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.703768" y="0"> <</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.744158" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,308.26,64.72)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="8.1300001"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 米</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> 我</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.2421122" y="0"> n</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,325.92,59.72)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-150.75999" y="21.59"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.315935" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,181.36,43.14)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="8.1300001"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 米</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> 一个</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.694944" y="0"> x</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,200.47,38.14)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.315935" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.944685" y="0"> 我</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.420521" y="0"> f</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.060093" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="41.772522" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,249.85,44.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 一个</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.8858881" y="0"> o</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.2618876" y="0"> R</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="14.099472" y="0"> 米</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,274.31,38.14)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.703768" y="0"> ></t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.744158" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,308.26,43.14)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="8.1300001"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 米</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> 一个</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.694944" y="0"> x</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,327.37,38.14)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.315935" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="146.75" y="-11.46"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="150.9135" y="-11.46"> 5</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="157.16499" y="-11.46"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg></span>这条规则可以看到图的影响<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cmmm/2011/143480/fig3/" target="_blank">3 (b)</一个>。信号估计的时间<年代vgheight="10.9125" id="M61" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:40.037498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 40.037498 10.9125" width="40.037498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.37677" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.417158" y="0"> 7</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.668659" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>和<年代vgheight="10.9125" id="M62" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:47.849998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 47.849998 10.9125" width="47.849998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.37677" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.417158" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.668659" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.920158" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>“回落”的测量。他们不违反报警限制,因此,防止不正当的警报。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cmmm/2011/143480/fig3/" target="_blank">3</一个>也表明aoRM信号估计跟踪数据变化时间序列与一定的时间延迟。惰性反应突然数据变化是由于RM对异常值的鲁棒性。它有一个有限样本替换击穿点的50%<一个href="#B21">18</一个>]。也就是为了一片level-shifted观察影响RM,补丁必须由超过一半的观察窗口。因为突然的变化数据意味着窗口宽度是放下<年代vgheight="10.925" id="M63" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:29.1875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 29.1875 10.925" width="29.1875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.925)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.26)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.74,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 米</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> 我</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.2421122" y="0"> n</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>,选择<年代vgheight="10.925" id="M64" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:29.1875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 29.1875 10.925" width="29.1875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.925)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.26)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.74,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 米</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> 我</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.2421122" y="0"> n</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>是至关重要的:它定义了异常值的区别补丁和水平的变化以及<我>跟踪延迟</我>结构变化的数据,大约<年代vgheight="14.6" id="M65" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:41.337502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 41.337502 14.6" width="41.337502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.6)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.32)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.74,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 米</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> 我</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.2421122" y="0"> n</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-48.7,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> /</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="3.4758339" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>时间点。在图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cmmm/2011/143480/fig3/" target="_blank">3</一个>,<gydF4y2Ba年代vgheight="14.6" id="M66" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:64.199997px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 64.199997 14.6" width="64.199997" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.6)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.32)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.74,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 米</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> 我</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.2421122" y="0"> n</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-45.23,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 4</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>,所以跟踪延迟时间大约是20分。</p><p>一个oR米可用于过滤通过应用多元时间序列分别到每个单变量时间序列组件。但是,它不考虑变量之间的依赖性。aoTRM-LS [<一个href="#B1">16</一个>)是作为一种多元开发aoRM的增强,它使用由当地协方差结构的信息。</p><gydF4y2Bah5 id="sec2.2">2.2。自适应网络修剪重复Median-Least正方形过滤器(aoTRM-LS)</gydF4y2Bah5> <p>aoTRM-LS出现的组合aoRM和多元TRM-LS [<一个href="#B16">19</一个>]。类似于(<一个href="#EEq2">2</一个>),假设每个组件的基础<年代vgheight="10.7375" id="M67" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt;width:8.6000004px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.6000004 10.7375" width="8.6000004" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.7375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.41)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>变量的信号<年代vgheight="13.55" id="M68" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:24.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 24.9375 13.55" width="24.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.55)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.16)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.6018238" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.765323" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.678762" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>大约是线性移动在短时间窗<年代vgheight="13.575" id="M69" style="vertical-align:-2.26974pt;width:107.05px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 107.05 13.575" width="107.05" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.575)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.14)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> {</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.00144" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.690545" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.030766" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.020424" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="44.360645" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="50.612144" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="55.825893" y="0"> …</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="70.416893" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="75.618141" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="79.531586" y="0"> }</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg><span class="equation" id="EEq4"> <svg height="18.375" id="M70" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 18.375" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,18.375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-57.3)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,102.73,61.1)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.6898251" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.853324" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.554932" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.895153" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.884811" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="52.225033" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="57.726353" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="65.365685" y="0"> ≈</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="77.406075" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="87.108398" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="91.271896" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="95.185341" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="102.1245" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="113.46472" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="122.5294" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="126.6929" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="130.60634" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="137.5455" y="0"> ⋅</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="143.89703" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="148.06053" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="156.33751" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="167.69023" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="173.90422" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="181.53105" y="0"> ∈</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="193.57144" y="0"> ℝ</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,305.65,66.1)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,310.89,61.1)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="163.23" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="167.39349" y="0"> 6</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="173.645" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg></span>在哪里<年代vgheight="12.8875" id="M71" style="vertical-align:-1.76814pt;width:73.224998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 73.224998 12.8875" width="73.224998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.8875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.69)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.9646511" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.005039" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.25654" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.470291" y="0"> …</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="47.04879" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="52.262539" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>和<年代vgheight="11.25" id="M72" style="vertical-align:-1.29163pt;width:32.174999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 32.174999 11.25" width="32.174999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.25)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.34)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.6773224" y="0"> ≤</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.71771" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>。在这里,<年代vgheight="13.55" id="M73" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:24.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 24.9375 13.55" width="24.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.55)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.16)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.6018238" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.765323" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.678762" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>在最右边的是水平向量或当前时间点<年代vgheight="9.125" id="M74" style="vertical-align:-0.11285pt;width:5.0124998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 5.0124998 9.125" width="5.0124998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,9.125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-64.7)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.86)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>,<年代vgheight="13.55" id="M75" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:24.15px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 24.15 13.55" width="24.15" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.55)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.16)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.9641709" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.12767" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.041109" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>的向量<年代vgheight="10.7375" id="M76" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt;width:8.6000004px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.6000004 10.7375" width="8.6000004" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.7375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.41)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>山坡上;看到(<一个href="#EEq2">2</一个>)。</p><p>一个oTR米- - - - - -l年代过滤器可用于估计<年代vgheight="13.55" id="M77" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:24.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 24.9375 13.55" width="24.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.55)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.16)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.6018238" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.765323" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.678762" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>和<年代vgheight="13.55" id="M78" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:24.15px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 24.15 13.55" width="24.15" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.55)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.16)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.9641709" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.12767" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.041109" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>在(<一个href="#EEq4">6</一个>)。在每一个时间<年代vgheight="9.125" id="M79" style="vertical-align:-0.11285pt;width:5.0124998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 5.0124998 9.125" width="5.0124998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,9.125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-64.7)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.86)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>aoTRM-LS算法搜索一个<我>整体窗口宽度</我><年代vgheight="14.8125" id="M80" style="vertical-align:-3.25792pt;width:160.10001px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 160.10001 14.8125" width="160.10001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.8125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.15)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.74,60.32)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> o</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.1922078" y="0"> v</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-56.68,63.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.703768" y="0"> ∈</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.744158" y="0"> {</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.745598" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-16.71,60.32)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 米</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> 我</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.2421122" y="0"> n</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,0.32,63.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.2012482" y="0"> …</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.79225" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.006001" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,31.54,60.32)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 米</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> 一个</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.694944" y="0"> x</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,50.03,63.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> }</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>适合所有的是哪一个<年代vgheight="10.7375" id="M81" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt;width:8.6000004px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.6000004 10.7375" width="8.6000004" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.7375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.41)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>变量。也就是说,它搜索的最大<年代vgheight="14.75" id="M82" style="vertical-align:-3.25792pt;width:34.512501px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 34.512501 14.75" width="34.512501" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.75)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.2)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.74,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> o</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.1922078" y="0"> v</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-56.68,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>这样的线性近似(<一个href="#EEq4">6</一个>),<gydF4y2Ba年代vgheight="14.75" id="M83" style="vertical-align:-3.25792pt;width:61.674999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 61.674999 14.75" width="61.674999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.75)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.2)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.6773224" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.71771" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-44.01,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> o</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.1834559" y="0"> v</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-34.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>是足够的。这个搜索使用aoRM窗口宽度适应原则。此后,在指定的时间窗口<年代vgheight="14.75" id="M84" style="vertical-align:-3.25792pt;width:34.512501px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 34.512501 14.75" width="34.512501" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.75)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.2)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.74,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> o</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.1922078" y="0"> v</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-56.68,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>,信号向量<年代vgheight="13.55" id="M85" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:24.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 24.9375 13.55" width="24.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.55)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.16)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.6018238" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.765323" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.678762" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>通过多元TRM-LS回归估计是后来解释说。aoTRM-LS算法如下:<年代p一个nclass="list"><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label">(0)</年代p一个n><年代p一个nclass="list-content">初始化:等到<年代vgheight="12.8875" id="M86" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:80.625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 80.625 12.8875" width="80.625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.8875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.69)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.86)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.37677" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.417158" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.106983" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="41.147373" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-24.59,61.74)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 米</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> 我</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.2421122" y="0"> n</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>观察<年代vgheight="14.7125" id="M87" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:136.425px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 136.425 14.7125" width="136.425" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.23)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.75,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.53,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.852604" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.192825" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.182482" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.535206" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="48.786705" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="52.950207" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="58.151451" y="0"> …</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="72.742455" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="77.956207" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,21.63,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,24.85,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>,<年代vgheight="12.8875" id="M88" style="vertical-align:-1.76814pt;width:71.912498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 71.912498 12.8875" width="71.912498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.8875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.69)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.3517642" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.392153" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.643654" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.857405" y="0"> …</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.435902" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="50.649654" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>现在,</年代p一个n></年代p一个n><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label">(1)</年代p一个n><年代p一个nclass="list-content">应用aoRM窗口宽度的适应过程<年代vgheight="10.7375" id="M89" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt;width:8.6000004px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.6000004 10.7375" width="8.6000004" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.7375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.41)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>窗户样品<年代vgheight="14.7125" id="M90" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:136.425px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 136.425 14.7125" width="136.425" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.23)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.75,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.53,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.852604" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.192825" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.182482" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.535206" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="48.786705" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="52.950207" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="58.151451" y="0"> …</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="72.742455" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="77.956207" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,21.63,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,24.85,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>为了获得<年代vgheight="10.7375" id="M91" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt;width:8.6000004px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.6000004 10.7375" width="8.6000004" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.7375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.41)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>适当的<我>个人窗口宽度</我><年代vgheight="14.7125" id="M92" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:54.375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 54.375 14.7125" width="54.375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.23)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.74,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.52,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.716271" y="0"> ≤</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.744158" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>,并设置<我>整体窗口宽度</我><年代vgheight="14.8625" id="M93" style="vertical-align:-3.25792pt;width:135.925px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 135.925 14.8625" width="135.925" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.8625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.11)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.41)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.74,60.28)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> o</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.1922078" y="0"> v</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-56.68,63.41)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.703768" y="0"> ←</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.75738" y="0"> 米</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.484715" y="0"> 我</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="43.960548" y="0"> n</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-2.29,60.28)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,3.01,63.41)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> {</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.00144" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,15.23,60.28)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,18.45,63.41)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.240437" y="0"> }</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>;</年代p一个n></年代p一个n><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label">(2)</年代p一个n><年代p一个nclass="list-content">对多变量样本执行TRM-LS回归<年代vgheight="14.75" id="M94" style="vertical-align:-3.25792pt;width:155.125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 155.125 14.75" width="155.125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.75)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.2)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> y</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.2515001" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.104103" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.444324" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-37.29,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> o</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.1922078" y="0"> v</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-28.23,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.016103" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.356323" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.607822" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.771324" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="41.985073" y="0"> …</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="56.563572" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="61.777325" y="0"> y</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="68.028824" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="72.192322" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="76.105759" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>,在那里<年代vgheight="17.862499" id="M95" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:149.08749px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 149.08749 17.862499" width="149.08749" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,17.8625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-57.71)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,60.99)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> y</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.2515001" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> ⋅</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.990857" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.617687" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.658077" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.821575" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-27.92,57.86)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-23.05,60.99)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> ⋅</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.739357" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.902856" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.116608" y="0"> …</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.695105" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.908855" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,20.07,57.86)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,25.31,60.99)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> ⋅</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.739357" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.902856" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,41.37,66.16)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> T</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>,存储TRM-LS信号估计<年代vgheight="18.262501" id="M96" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:168.0625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 168.0625 18.262501" width="168.0625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,18.2625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-57.39)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.64,59.73)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-0.30007201" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.34,66.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> T</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.3474722" y="0"> R</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="11.185056" y="0"> 米</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="18.965584" y="0"> - - - - - -</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="21.879999" y="0"> l</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="27.253729" y="0"> 年代</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-31.72,59.73)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.703768" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.268324" y="0"> ∶</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.445766" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.145695" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,10.04,66.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 一个</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.8858881" y="0"> o</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="7.500464" y="0"> T</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="12.847936" y="0"> R</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="18.68552" y="0"> 米</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="26.466047" y="0"> - - - - - -</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="29.380465" y="0"> l</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="34.745441" y="0"> 年代</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,50.16,59.73)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>,</年代p一个n></年代p一个n><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label">(3)</年代p一个n><年代p一个nclass="list-content">集<年代vgheight="14.8625" id="M97" style="vertical-align:-3.25792pt;width:178.03751px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 178.03751 14.8625" width="178.03751" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.8625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.11)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.41)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.6773224" y="0"> ←</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.818935" y="0"> 米</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.546268" y="0"> 我</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.022102" y="0"> n</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="52.525105" y="0"> {</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="58.526543" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-7.21,60.28)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> o</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.1922078" y="0"> v</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,1.85,63.41)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.016103" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.356323" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.607822" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.821575" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,45.89,60.28)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 米</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> 一个</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.694944" y="0"> x</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,64.38,63.41)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> }</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>和更新窗口:集<年代vgheight="11.325" id="M98" style="vertical-align:-0.51414pt;width:58.525002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 58.525002 11.325" width="58.525002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.94)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.37677" y="0"> ←</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.430382" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.119488" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.459709" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>步骤(1)。</年代p一个n></年代p一个n></span></p> <p>在整个窗口的宽度<年代vgheight="14.75" id="M99" style="vertical-align:-3.25792pt;width:34.512501px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 34.512501 14.75" width="34.512501" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.75)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.2)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.74,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> o</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.1922078" y="0"> v</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-56.68,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>决定在步骤(1)中,信号通过TRM-LS回归估计在步骤(2)。TRM-LS回归算法的大纲如下(为简单起见,我们准备好了吗<年代vgheight="15.5875" id="M100" style="vertical-align:-3.25792pt;width:68.012497px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 68.012497 15.5875" width="68.012497" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,15.5875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-59.53)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,62.83)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.74,67.83)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ∗</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-57.19,62.83)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-38.94,59.7)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> o</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.1922078" y="0"> v</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-29.88,62.83)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>)。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba首先,RM回归上分别执行<年代vgheight="10.7375" id="M101" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt;width:8.6000004px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.6000004 10.7375" width="8.6000004" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.7375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.41)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>窗户样品<年代vgheight="15.5625" id="M102" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:142.7625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 142.7625 15.5625" width="142.7625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,15.5625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-59.55)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,62.83)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.75,59.7)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.53,62.83)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.852604" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.192825" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-34.12,67.83)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ∗</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-26.26,62.83)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.591721" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.75522" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.956469" y="0"> …</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="41.54747" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="46.761219" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,26.7,59.7)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,29.92,62.83)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>。然后RM剩余工资被视为一个多元<年代vgheight="14.3" id="M103" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:50.0625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 50.0625 14.3" width="50.0625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.56)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,62.83)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.715791" y="0"> ×</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.493378" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-41.24,67.83)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ∗</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-36.16,62.83)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>样本<年代vgheight="14.3" id="M104" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:130.8px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 130.8 14.3" width="130.8" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.56)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,62.83)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.1012239" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.2647228" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.953828" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.294048" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-38.44,67.83)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ∗</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-30.58,62.83)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.591721" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.75522" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.956469" y="0"> …</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="41.54747" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="46.761219" y="0"> r</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="50.924721" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="55.088219" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="59.001656" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>,在那里<年代vgheight="17.862499" id="M105" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:143.72501px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 143.72501 17.862499" width="143.72501" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,17.8625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-57.71)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,60.99)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> r</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.3269978" y="0"> ⋅</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.902856" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.529686" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.570074" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.733574" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-31.11,57.86)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-26.23,60.99)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> ⋅</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.739357" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.902856" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.104103" y="0"> …</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.695105" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.896355" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,15.78,57.86)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,21.02,60.99)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> ⋅</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.739357" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.902856" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,37.08,66.16)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> T</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>。当地的误差协方差矩阵<年代vgheight="13.45" id="M106" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:88.862503px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 88.862503 13.45" width="88.862503" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.45)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> Σ</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.8018718" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.965371" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.87881" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.50564" y="0"> ∼</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.546028" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.70953" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="49.261822" y="0"> ×</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="60.039406" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="66.816032" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>然后估计在这剩余的示例使用一个健壮的估计提出了(<一个href="#B19">20.</一个>]。估计<年代vgheight="18.1875" id="M107" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:25.174999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 25.174999 18.1875" width="25.174999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,18.1875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-57.45)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.55,62.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-0.40000001" y="2.6500001"> Σ</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.4018722" y="2.6500001"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.565371" y="2.6500001"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.47881" y="2.6500001"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>是利用检测残余向量异常值对当地的协方差结构,也就是说,残余向量<年代vgheight="14.3" id="M108" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:76.925003px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 76.925003 14.3" width="76.925003" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.56)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,62.83)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> r</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.3269978" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.016103" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.356323" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-39.37,67.83)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ∗</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-31.52,62.83)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.841541" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>,<年代vgheight="13.7375" id="M109" style="vertical-align:-1.76814pt;width:79.574997px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 79.574997 13.7375" width="79.574997" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.7375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.01)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,62.83)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.9646511" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.005039" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.25654" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.470291" y="0"> …</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="47.04879" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="52.262539" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-13.47,67.83)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ∗</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>,<年代p一个nclass="equation" id="eq3"> <svg height="22.487499" id="M110" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 22.487499" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,22.4875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-54.01)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,111.5,58.62)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> r</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1599998" y="2.51"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.01" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.699104" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.039326" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,145.76,63.62)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ∗</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,153.61,58.62)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.85" y="2.51"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,176.31,66.16)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> T</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,182.56,61.27)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-0.40000001" y="2.6500001"> Σ</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.4018722" y="2.6500001"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.565371" y="2.6500001"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.47881" y="2.6500001"> )</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,202.2,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.99512" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,213.07,58.62)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> r</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.25" y="2.51"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.1" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.789104" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.129326" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,249.42,63.62)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ∗</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,257.27,58.62)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.84" y="2.51"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.17" y="0"> ></t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.197887" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="44.849483" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="216.85001" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="221.0135" y="0"> 7</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="227.265" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg></span>在哪里<年代vgheight="11.0625" id="M111" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt;width:35.637501px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 35.637501 11.0625" width="35.637501" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.15)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.114927" y="0"> ></t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.155315" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>是一个足够的上界。(更多细节见<一个href="#B1">16</一个>,<gydF4y2Ba一个href="#B16">19</一个>]或[<一个href="#B19">20.</一个>]。)然后,观察向量<年代vgheight="14.9375" id="M112" style="vertical-align:-2.7337pt;width:79.537498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 79.537498 14.9375" width="79.537498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.9375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.05)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,62.83)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> y</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.2515001" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.104103" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.444324" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-37.29,67.83)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ∗</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-29.43,62.83)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.841541" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>,对应于边远残余向量<年代vgheight="14.3" id="M113" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:76.925003px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 76.925003 14.3" width="76.925003" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.56)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,62.83)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> r</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.3269978" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.016103" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.356323" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-39.37,67.83)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> ∗</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-31.52,62.83)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.841541" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>从窗口剔除样本。最后,执行多元LS回归outlier-free窗口示例中,和水平的右端<年代vgheight="10.7375" id="M114" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt;width:8.6000004px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.6000004 10.7375" width="8.6000004" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.7375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.41)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>LS回归行构建信号估计向量。</p><p>一个oTR米- - - - - -l年代收益率健壮而且有效信号估计由于信号向量终于通过LS估计的回归。就像aoRM, aoTRM-LS估计信号向量<年代vgheight="13.55" id="M115" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:24.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 24.9375 13.55" width="24.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.55)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.16)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.6018238" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.765323" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.678762" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>在正确的移动时间窗的终点。因此,restrict-to-range规则(<一个href="#EEq3">5</一个>)也建议aoTRM-LS。此外,数据呈现的是一个已知的相关结构,建议应用aoTRM-LS过滤不整<年代vgheight="10.7375" id="M116" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt;width:8.6000004px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.6000004 10.7375" width="8.6000004" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.7375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.41)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>变量时间序列但单独模块,包括高度正相关的变量(<一个href="#B1">16</一个>]。例如,收缩压,意思是,和舒张压是高度正相关,因此,可以组合成一个<我>相关块</我>。一块aoTRM-LS明智的应用提高了窗口宽度适应,导致平滑信号提取时间序列。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba我们应用aoRM和aoTRM-LS回顾性从重症监护记录在线监测数据以评估他们的能力抑制虚假和再现真实的警报。在下面,我们将介绍研究背景,包括数据收集和注释。</p><gydF4y2Bah4 id="study-setting">3所示。研究背景</gydF4y2Bah4> <p>根据赫尔辛基宣言,这项研究是雷根斯堡大学的伦理委员会批准。数据收集在一个重症监护室医院雷根斯堡大学(<一个href="#B23">21</一个>]。只有成年患者连续监测至少侵入性动脉血压、心率、血氧饱和度被列入研究。部署监控系统是由德尔格医疗、无穷多监控吕贝克,德国。从无穷监测系统数据采集发生使用特殊软件eData德尔格医疗,吕贝克,德国。数据记录在250 Hz采样率,贴上一个索引和存储。引用数据,我们认为从这些数据中提取以每秒的采样率和存储在文本文件中。这个引用数据库包括<年代p一个nclass="list"><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label">(我)</年代p一个n><年代p一个nclass="list-content">数值测量生命体征,</年代p一个n></年代p一个n><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label">(2)</年代p一个n><年代p一个nclass="list-content">所有监控系统警报与相应的时间和报警信息(例如,“心率下限违反”),</年代p一个n></年代p一个n><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label">(3)</年代p一个n><年代p一个nclass="list-content">设定的报警限制是医务人员,</年代p一个n></年代p一个n><span class="list-item"><span class="list-label">(iv)</年代p一个n><年代p一个nclass="list-content">当警报信息释放(“警报”时期)。</年代p一个n></年代p一个n></span></p> <p>关于数据库的更多细节,请参阅部分<一个href="#sec5.1">5.1</一个>。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba所有报警情况进行回顾性注释一个有经验的医生通过收集到的数据的图形化表达的监测系统结合录像显示病人的屏幕监控系统。由于数据包含报警时间点,医生可能风录像,看着病人的屏幕监控系统在这些警报时间点。然后,通过专门研制的JavaScript程序(<一个href="#B15">22</一个>),每个报警情况评估是否临床相关的和技术上是否正确。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba在这项研究中,警报被认为是<我>技术上真正的</我>如果它是基于正确的测量或监控系统正确识别一个技术问题,给出了技术报警。所有其他的警报<我>从技术上讲假</我>。此外,被定义为<我>报警相关</我>或<我>真正的</我>,如果它涉及诊断或治疗决策或修正的一个技术问题。标注为技术上真正的报警<我>咨询</我>如果它不需要立即采取行动;也就是说,它不是报警相关,而是被认为是有益的。所有其他的警报被注解为<我>不报警相关</我>或<我>假</我>,分别。技术上假警报总是一场虚惊。</p><gydF4y2Bah4 id="performance-criteria">4所示。性能标准</gydF4y2Bah4> <p>我们的目标是评估“新”aoRM aoTRM-LS报警系统和比较他们的表演的“老”报警系统基于原始测量。在这种情况下,警报系统是一个诊断工具:警报对应诊断“报警有关情况”。常见的性能标准(SE)的敏感性和特异性诊断方法(SP)。在我们的情况下,SE的条件概率是报警监控系统的情况实际上是报警相关,和SP的条件概率不机警监测系统,鉴于这种情况不是报警相关<年代p一个nclass="equation" id="eq4"> <svg height="41.349998" id="M117" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 41.349998" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,41.35)"> <g transform="translate(72,-38.92)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,86.64,63.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 年代</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.9516678" y="0"> E</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.054333" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.094721" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="41.484955" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.648453" y="0"> 一个</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="51.199783" y="0"> l</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="54.675617" y="0"> 一个</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="60.226952" y="0"> r</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="64.640511" y="0"> 米</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="78.531342" y="0"> g</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="84.782845" y="0"> 我</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="88.258675" y="0"> v</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="94.22261" y="0"> e</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="99.773941" y="0"> n</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="109.48877" y="0"> ∣</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="116.29041" y="0"> 一个</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="121.84174" y="0"> l</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="125.31757" y="0"> 一个</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="130.8689" y="0"> r</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="135.28246" y="0"> 米</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="149.17329" y="0"> r</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="153.3243" y="0"> e</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="158.87563" y="0"> l</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="162.35146" y="0"> e</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="167.66524" y="0"> v</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="173.66667" y="0"> 一个</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="179.218" y="0"> n</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="185.4695" y="0"> t</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="193.09633" y="0"> 年代</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="197.95999" y="0"> 我</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="201.43584" y="0"> t</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="204.91167" y="0"> u</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="211.16316" y="0"> 一个</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="216.71449" y="0"> t</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="220.19034" y="0"> 我</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="223.66617" y="0"> o</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="229.91766" y="0"> n</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="236.16917" y="0"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="242.42067" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-18.02" y="20.48"> 年代</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-11.068332" y="20.48"> P</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-0.64082998" y="20.48"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.399559" y="20.48"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.790001" y="20.469999"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.953499" y="20.469999"> n</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.204998" y="20.469999"> o</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="43.619999" y="20.469999"> 一个</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="49.171329" y="20.469999"> l</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="52.647163" y="20.469999"> 一个</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="58.198498" y="20.469999"> r</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="62.612057" y="20.469999"> 米</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="76.502892" y="20.469999"> g</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="82.754387" y="20.469999"> 我</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="86.230225" y="20.469999"> v</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="92.194153" y="20.469999"> e</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="97.745483" y="20.469999"> n</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="107.46032" y="20.469999"> ∣</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="114.26195" y="20.469999"> n</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="120.51345" y="20.469999"> o</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="126.67743" y="20.469999"> t</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="134.30426" y="20.469999"> 一个</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="139.85559" y="20.469999"> l</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="143.33142" y="20.469999"> 一个</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="148.88275" y="20.469999"> r</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="153.29631" y="20.469999"> 米</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="167.19965" y="20.469999"> r</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="171.35065" y="20.469999"> e</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="176.90198" y="20.469999"> l</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="180.37781" y="20.469999"> e</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="185.69159" y="20.469999"> v</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="191.69302" y="20.469999"> 一个</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="197.24435" y="20.469999"> n</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="203.49586" y="20.469999"> t</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="211.1227" y="20.469999"> 年代</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="215.98636" y="20.469999"> 我</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="219.46219" y="20.469999"> t</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="222.93802" y="20.469999"> u</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="229.18953" y="20.469999"> 一个</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="234.74086" y="20.469999"> t</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="238.21669" y="20.469999"> 我</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="241.69252" y="20.469999"> o</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="247.94403" y="20.469999"> n</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="254.19553" y="20.469999"> )</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="260.44702" y="20.469999"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="387.48001" y="10.86"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="391.64349" y="10.86"> 8</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="397.89499" y="10.86"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg></span>虽然SE评估性能的检测报警有关情况,SP的责任量化生产假警报报警系统。SE和SP的诊断方法应该大;在最好的情况下,都等于1。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba常见的方法来估计一个报警系统的SE是确定的比率检测报警相关情况和所有相关报警情况。在我们的研究中,警报的旧系统(<我>积极的警报</我>)被注解为<我>真阳性</我>或<我>假阳性</我>。Nongiven警报,<我>消极的警报</我>,包括<我>假</我>消极的警报,不发生。相反,这意味着旧的系统检测到所有相关报警情况,因此,有100% SE。然而,这不是事实,而是遵循从研究设计。</p><p>年代E新的报警系统基于信号滤波可以通过的比率估计检测到报警有关情况的数量,也就是说,正确复制,和所有相关报警情况。情况被认为是探测到一个新系统,如果信号估计违反报警限制接近报警时是由旧的系统。给出了详细描述。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba类似于SE, SP通常是估计的数量的比率<我>真正的负</我>警报的数量<我>不</我>警报有关情况。然而,由于研究设计,没有这些数字信息。因此,在[<一个href="#B14">23</一个>),另一种方法估算的SP在线监测报警系统:用于定义<年代vgheight="14.4875" id="M118" style="vertical-align:-3.22282pt;width:40.625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 40.625 14.4875" width="40.625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.4875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.41)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.67)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> F</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.9516678" y="0"> P</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-58.03,60.55)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 米</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> 一个</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.694944" y="0"> x</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>假阳性的最高期望值警报和FP的实际数量假阳性警报,区别<年代vgheight="14.4875" id="M119" style="vertical-align:-3.22282pt;width:75.675003px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 75.675003 14.4875" width="75.675003" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.4875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.41)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.67)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> F</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.9516678" y="0"> P</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-58.03,60.55)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 米</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> 一个</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.694944" y="0"> x</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-36.77,63.67)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> F</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.291889" y="0"> P</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>是一个估计的数量真阴性警报。然后这个数字除以最坏情况下的数字<年代vgheight="14.4875" id="M120" style="vertical-align:-3.22282pt;width:40.625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 40.625 14.4875" width="40.625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.4875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.41)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.67)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> F</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.9516678" y="0"> P</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-58.03,60.55)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 米</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> 一个</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.694944" y="0"> x</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>得到另一种估计SP:<年代p一个nclass="equation" id="eq5"> <svg height="55.712502" id="M121" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 55.712502" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,55.7125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-27.43)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,117.57,49.41)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.59" y="-9.2399998"> ⎧</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.59" y="-4.1199999"> ⎪</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.59" y="6.0100002"> ⎨</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.59" y="16.139999"> ⎪</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.59" y="21.200001"> ⎩</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-0.83999997" y="2.8199999"> 年代</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.1116681" y="2.8199999"> P</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.539169" y="2.8199999"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.779999" y="-14.26"> F</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="44.731667" y="-14.26"> P</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,169.27,60.55)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 米</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> 一个</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.694944" y="0"> x</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,189.08,63.67)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> F</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.291889" y="0"> P</t年代p一个n></text> <g> <path d="m 155.35,57.57 58.99,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,169.37,45.69)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> F</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.9516678" y="0"> P</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,183.29,42.57)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 米</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> 一个</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.694944" y="0"> x</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,215.53,54.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.62875" y="0"> F</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.580418" y="0"> P</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.007919" y="0"> ≤</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.048309" y="0"> F</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="51.999977" y="0"> P</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,274.5,51.32)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 米</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> 一个</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.694944" y="0"> x</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,291.53,54.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-137.37" y="22.469999"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-131.1185" y="22.469999"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-60.369999" y="22.469999"> F</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-53.418331" y="22.469999"> P</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-42.990829" y="22.469999"> ></t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-30.950441" y="22.469999"> F</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="-23.998774" y="22.469999"> P</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,274.5,28.85)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 米</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> 一个</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.694944" y="0"> x</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,291.53,31.98)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="182.59" y="-14.61"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="186.75349" y="-14.61"> 9</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="193.005" y="-14.61"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg></span>对SP估计提出了(<一个href="#B14">23</一个>),分析师必须决定是否要计数的警报“警报”时期出现的新系统。在这些时期,警报被临床工作人员甚至停用如果违反了报警阈值测量,没有报警。自警报通常释放反应阈值警报,一个新系统将支持如果不能产生警报在这些时期;参见图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cmmm/2011/143480/fig4/" target="_blank">4</一个>。它显示了一个时间序列的一部分意味着动脉血压测量(虚线)和相应的信号估计的简单的RM窗口宽度<年代vgheight="11.0375" id="M122" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:42.912498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 42.912498 11.0375" width="42.912498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.17)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.4)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.6773224" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.71771" y="0"> 6</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.969212" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>(固体)。由于RM对异常值的鲁棒性,它的信号估计反应的变化数据跟踪延迟约<年代vgheight="10.9125" id="M123" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:55.075001px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 55.075001 10.9125" width="55.075001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.2139912" y="0"> /</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.6898251" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.404655" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.445045" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.696545" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>时间点,如部分中解释<一个href="#sec2">2</一个>。因为员工释放所有警报<年代vgheight="10.9125" id="M124" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:40.037498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 40.037498 10.9125" width="40.037498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.37677" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.417158" y="0"> 8</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.668659" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>假警报后,只有4秒<年代vgheight="10.9125" id="M125" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:40.037498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 40.037498 10.9125" width="40.037498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.37677" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.417158" y="0"> 7</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.668659" y="0"> 8</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>发生,信号提取时间序列违背了低报警限制在“警报”时期。如果“警报”时期并没有被认为是在分析,假警报<年代vgheight="10.9125" id="M126" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:40.037498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 40.037498 10.9125" width="40.037498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.37677" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.417158" y="0"> 7</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.668659" y="0"> 8</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>新系统将被视为抑制的尽管它的信号估计违反报警下限。因此,为了不支持新系统,新系统的一个必须包括警报,将获得“警报”时期。然而,在这些时期旧的系统不能产生阈值警报,但是新的系统<我>可以</我>。此外,每个报警的新系统被认为是假的,如果它不属于一个注释相关的状况。在“警报”时期,每个限制违反了一个新的系统将被视为假警报。简而言之,由于给定的研究设计和数据基础上,对SP估算分析师必须决定支持旧的或新系统。</p><d我vclass="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig4"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig4"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="143480.fig.004" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cmmm/volume-2011/143480/figures/143480.fig.004.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图4</年代p一个n><一个一个r我一个- - - - - -label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cmmm/2011/143480/fig4/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> 测量平均动脉血压(艺术。米,虚线)和RM信号估计(固体)。</t一个ble> </div> </div> </div> <p>由于这些考虑,我们不确定SP。相反,我们认为假警报的比率,这是<我>抑制</我>新系统,所有的假警报,计价<我>假警报率减少</我>(F一个RR)的新系统:<年代p一个nclass="equation" id="eq6"> <svg height="32.799999" id="M127" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 32.799999" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,32.8)"> <g transform="translate(72,-45.76)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,116.52,54.68)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> F</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.526566" y="0"> 一个</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.553732" y="0"> R</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.893232" y="0"> R</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.696064" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="48.93" y="-8.7299995"> #</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="59.344997" y="-8.7299995"> 年代</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="64.208664" y="-8.7299995"> u</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="70.460167" y="-8.7299995"> p</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="76.711662" y="-8.7299995"> p</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="82.963165" y="-8.7299995"> r</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="87.114159" y="-8.7299995"> e</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="92.665497" y="-8.7299995"> 年代</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="97.52916" y="-8.7299995"> 年代</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="102.39283" y="-8.7299995"> e</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="107.94416" y="-8.7299995"> d</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="118.34666" y="-8.7299995"> f</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="122.19758" y="-8.7299995"> 一个</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="127.74891" y="-8.7299995"> l</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="131.22475" y="-8.7299995"> 年代</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="136.08841" y="-8.7299995"> e</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="145.79074" y="-8.7299995"> 一个</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="151.34207" y="-8.7299995"> l</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="154.8179" y="-8.7299995"> 一个</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="160.36923" y="-8.7299995"> r</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="164.78279" y="-8.7299995"> 米</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="174.51013" y="-8.7299995"> 年代</t年代p一个n></text> <g> <path d="m 165.45,57.81 130.46,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,194.95,45.93)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> #</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> f</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.265923" y="0"> 一个</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.817255" y="0"> l</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.293089" y="0"> 年代</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.156755" y="0"> e</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.859085" y="0"> 一个</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="43.410416" y="0"> l</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="46.88625" y="0"> 一个</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="52.43758" y="0"> r</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="56.851143" y="0"> 米</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="66.578476" y="0"> 年代</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="102.15" y="-8.75"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="272.92001" y="-8.75"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="277.0835" y="-8.75"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="283.33499" y="-8.75"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="289.58649" y="-8.75"> )</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg></span>同样的检测真正的警报,被认为是一个假警报<我>抑制</我>如果它的信号估计的新系统<我>不</我>违反报警限制接近假警报发生时。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba显然,旧的报警系统有FARR 0%;也就是说,新系统不能更糟糕的是对这一标准。此外,可能会有警报的新系统,并不认为。因此,新系统的警报,而应被视为独立于旧体制的假警报。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba然而,restrict-to-range规则(<一个href="#EEq3">5</一个>)保证估计信号只有违反了(例如)报警上限,如果至少一个的<年代vgheight="7.1374998" id="M128" style="vertical-align:-0.10033pt;width:11.225px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.225 7.1374998" width="11.225" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.1375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-66.29)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>最近的测量也违反了上限。因此,aoRM / aoTRM-LS报警系统比旧系统不能产生更多的警报。然而,旧的系统已经包含一个简单的算法来抑制假警报。它给闹钟只有观察之外的报警限制一定的时间跨度,<我>报警确认时间</我>;见表<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cmmm/2011/143480/tab1/" target="_blank">1</一个>。例如,警报过高引起的收缩压才给上面四个连续测量报警上限而单一的心率测量报警下限以下原因立即报警。</p><d我vclass="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="tab1"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-tab1"> <table class="table-group" id="tab1"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <table class="table"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="3"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr class="thead"> <td align="left">生命体征</td><td一个l我gn="center">报警上限</td><td一个l我gn="center">报警下限</td></tr><tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="3"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">心率</td><td一个l我gn="center">2秒</td><td一个l我gn="center">立即</td></tr><tr> <td align="left">血压</td><td一个l我gn="center">4秒</td><td一个l我gn="center">4秒</td></tr><tr> <td align="left">血氧饱和度</td><td一个l我gn="center">4秒</td><td一个l我gn="center">10秒</td></tr><tr class="table-tr"> <td colspan="3"> <hr class="tbody-hr"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">表1</年代p一个n><一个一个r我一个- - - - - -label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cmmm/2011/143480/tab1/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> 报警确认时间:测量必须违反上/下报警限制在一定的时间,以便给出警报。</d我v></d我v></d我v><p>因为闹钟验证时间,aoRM / aoTRM-LS信号估计<我>可以</我>违反警报上限(因此产生警报)虽然旧系统没有事先给定的警报。然而,这种情况很少见,只有测量波动发生警报的极限。在这种情况下,警报很有用:设置报警范围太窄,或病人的病情恶化。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba由于这些因素和考虑SP的事实不允许一个公平的比较,我们得出这样的结论:FARR是一个更明智的在我们的情况下性能标准。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba在下面,我们解释我们估计SE和确定一个新的FARR报警系统基于信号的抽取。为简单起见,现在SE表示估计的敏感性。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba如上所述,SE新的报警系统可以被检测到的比例确定真正的警报,所有真正的警报。真正的报警可以视为发现如果信号估计违反报警限制接近真正的报警发生的时间。因此,我们考虑所有<我>真正的报警时间点</我><年代vgheight="17.549999" id="M129" style="vertical-align:-3.88597pt;width:22.9125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 22.9125 17.549999" width="22.9125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,17.55)"> <g transform="translate(72,-57.96)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,61.88)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-68.04,66.88)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> t</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.4330561" y="0"> r</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.5575199" y="0"> u</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.9335203" y="0"> e</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-68.04,58.1)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>,<年代vgheight="12.8875" id="M130" style="vertical-align:-1.76814pt;width:80.5625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 80.5625 12.8875" width="80.5625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.8875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.69)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.3517642" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.392153" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.643654" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.857405" y="0"> …</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.435902" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="50.649654" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>,对应于旧系统的阈值警报。如果信号估计违反报警限制在一个特定的时间范围内接近<年代vgheight="17.549999" id="M131" style="vertical-align:-3.88597pt;width:22.9125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 22.9125 17.549999" width="22.9125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,17.55)"> <g transform="translate(72,-57.96)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,61.88)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-68.04,66.88)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> t</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.4330561" y="0"> r</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.5575199" y="0"> u</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.9335203" y="0"> e</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-68.04,58.1)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>,是真正的报警被认为是探测到新的报警系统。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba相反,FARR决定使用所有报警注解为时间点<我>假</我>,也就是说,<年代vgheight="20.612499" id="M132" style="vertical-align:-5.4309pt;width:116.975px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 116.975 20.612499" width="116.975" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,20.6125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-55.51)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,60.97)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-68.04,65.97)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> f</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.695616" y="0"> 一个</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.5815039" y="0"> l</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.0145597" y="0"> 年代</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="12.419088" y="0"> e</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-68.04,57.19)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-51.24,60.97)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.364747" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.704248" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.744637" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.996136" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="41.209888" y="0"> …</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="55.788387" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="61.002136" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>。如果aoRM / aoTRM-LS信号估计<我>不</我>违反报警限制在一定时间范围在靠近<年代vgheight="20.612499" id="M133" style="vertical-align:-5.4309pt;width:26.012501px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 26.012501 20.612499" width="26.012501" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,20.6125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-55.51)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,60.97)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-68.04,65.97)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> f</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.695616" y="0"> 一个</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.5815039" y="0"> l</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.0145597" y="0"> 年代</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="12.419088" y="0"> e</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-68.04,57.19)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>,相应的假警报被认为是<我>抑制</我>报警系统。然后,FARR新系统的抑制假警报比所有的假警报。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba为了指定范围在真正的报警时间点<年代vgheight="17.549999" id="M134" style="vertical-align:-3.88597pt;width:22.9125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 22.9125 17.549999" width="22.9125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,17.55)"> <g transform="translate(72,-57.96)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,61.88)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-68.04,66.88)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> t</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.4330561" y="0"> r</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.5575199" y="0"> u</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.9335203" y="0"> e</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-68.04,58.1)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>,我们构建<我>真正的报警的间隔</我><年代vgheight="17.549999" id="M135" style="vertical-align:-3.88597pt;width:151.96249px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 151.96249 17.549999" width="151.96249" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,17.55)"> <g transform="translate(72,-57.96)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,61.88)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> {</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.00144" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.04,66.88)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> t</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.4330561" y="0"> r</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.5575199" y="0"> u</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.9335203" y="0"> e</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.04,58.1)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-44.94,61.88)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.21759" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.418839" y="0"> …</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="41.009838" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="46.223591" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,5.2,66.88)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> t</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.4330561" y="0"> r</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.5575199" y="0"> u</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.9335203" y="0"> e</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,5.2,58.1)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,22.3,61.88)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.21759" y="0"> }</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>。的<我>检测公差时间</我><年代vgheight="10.325" id="M136" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:12.7px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 12.7 10.325" width="12.7" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>是选择的医生参与这项研究。为艺术。米,艺术。年代,热点;<年代ub>2</年代ub>,这一次是<年代vgheight="11.0375" id="M137" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:47.487499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 47.487499 11.0375" width="47.487499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.17)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.4)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.340701" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.38109" y="0"> 6</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.632589" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>和人力资源<年代vgheight="10.9125" id="M138" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:47.487499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 47.487499 10.9125" width="47.487499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.340701" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.38109" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.632589" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>秒。然而,我们决定建立真正的报警间隔仅仅包括<年代vgheight="10.325" id="M139" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:12.7px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 12.7 10.325" width="12.7" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>时间点<我>后</我>闹钟时间点,<年代vgheight="17.549999" id="M140" style="vertical-align:-3.88597pt;width:121.9625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 121.9625 17.549999" width="121.9625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,17.55)"> <g transform="translate(72,-57.96)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,61.88)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> {</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.00144" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.04,66.88)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> t</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.4330561" y="0"> r</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.5575199" y="0"> u</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.9335203" y="0"> e</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.04,58.1)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-47.72,61.88)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.2012482" y="0"> …</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.79225" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.006001" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-18.8,66.88)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> t</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.4330561" y="0"> r</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.5575199" y="0"> u</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.9335203" y="0"> e</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-18.8,58.1)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-1.7,61.88)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.21759" y="0"> }</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>,因为aoRM和aoTRM-LS开发抑制假警报。他们不预测报警情况但反应数据反映在跟踪延迟。因此,包括时间点离开<年代vgheight="17.549999" id="M141" style="vertical-align:-3.88597pt;width:22.9125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 22.9125 17.549999" width="22.9125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,17.55)"> <g transform="translate(72,-57.96)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,61.88)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-68.04,66.88)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> t</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.4330561" y="0"> r</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.5575199" y="0"> u</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.9335203" y="0"> e</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-68.04,58.1)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>到报警间隔毫无意义。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba类似于真正的警报,范围后,一场虚惊<年代vgheight="20.612499" id="M142" style="vertical-align:-5.4309pt;width:26.012501px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 26.012501 20.612499" width="26.012501" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,20.6125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-55.51)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,60.97)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-68.04,65.97)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> f</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.695616" y="0"> 一个</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.5815039" y="0"> l</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.0145597" y="0"> 年代</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="12.419088" y="0"> e</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-68.04,57.19)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>被指定的<我>假警报时间间隔</我><年代vgheight="20.612499" id="M143" style="vertical-align:-5.4309pt;width:125.9625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 125.9625 20.612499" width="125.9625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,20.6125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-55.51)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,60.97)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> {</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.00144" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.04,65.97)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> f</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.695616" y="0"> 一个</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.5815039" y="0"> l</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.0145597" y="0"> 年代</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="12.419088" y="0"> e</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.04,57.19)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-45.24,60.97)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.2012482" y="0"> …</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.79225" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.993498" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-16.32,65.97)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> f</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.6868639" y="0"> 一个</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.572752" y="0"> l</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.0058079" y="0"> 年代</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="12.410336" y="0"> e</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-16.32,57.19)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,3.25,60.97)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.467171" y="0"> }</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>。的<我>抑制耐受时间</我><年代vgheight="10.725" id="M144" style="vertical-align:-0.1254pt;width:11.375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.375 10.725" width="11.375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.725)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.42)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>必须选择,使其大于跟踪延迟信号的估计。这可以防止假警报被评为抑制新系统只是因为它的信号估计违反报警限制太迟了。最大最小窗口宽度<年代vgheight="14.6" id="M145" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:64.199997px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 64.199997 14.6" width="64.199997" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.6)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.32)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.74,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 米</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> 我</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.2421122" y="0"> n</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-45.23,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 9</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>在我们的研究中,它对应于一个跟踪延迟大约45秒。因此,我们认为<年代vgheight="11.0375" id="M146" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:45.299999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 45.299999 11.0375" width="45.299999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.17)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.4)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.590281" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.630671" y="0"> 6</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.88217" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>是一个充足的抑制宽容。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba的决心SE和FARR基于真实和假警报间隔不工作没有进一步的并发症:我们必须记住一些假警报出现接近真正的警报,这样相应的报警间隔重叠。因此,可能存在不一致以来检测到新的警报可能被视为真正的报警<我>和</我>抑制假警报。自检测真正的警报比假警报的压制,更重要的我们只是排除那些假警报的假警报分析区间重叠与真正的报警的间隔。因此,大约有10%的假警报被排除在分析。</p><gydF4y2Bah4 id="evaluation-of-the-aorm-and-aotrm-ls-alarm-systems">5。评估aoRM和aoTRM-LS报警系统</gydF4y2Bah4> <p>在本节中,我们首先分析数据库并提出一个策略来处理咨询警报;即警报没有报警相关但有帮助。然后,我们分析的结果对SE和新aoRM FARR aoTRM-LS报警系统。</p><gydF4y2Bah5 id="sec5.1">5.1。的数据库和评估咨询警报</gydF4y2Bah5> <p>我们参考数据库包含记录在线监测数据从85种不同的情况下,2006年1月至2008年5月。案例代表一种疾病的病人,这意味着一些病人对应几个案例。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba整个监测时间1245:52:28小时,平均监测时间为每个案件14:39:26小时(最小0:55:01小时,最大31:35:25小时)。监控系统生成的总数量9290警报,其中4825(52%)简单阈值警报。总数量9290警报意味着每小时7 - 8警报的频率。然而,考虑到85例,the-alarm-per小时频率相当不同。此外,报警频率更高的早上和下午,这可能是白天相关护理措施。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba几个重要参数监测心率、脉搏、血氧饱和度和温度、呼吸率、收缩压,舒张动脉血压。然而,只有平均动脉血压、心率、血氧饱和度监测在每种情况下。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba自90%的阈值警报是由于收缩压和平均动脉血压(艺术。年代和ART.M)、心率(HR)和氧饱和度(热点<年代ub>2</年代ub>),我们的分析集中于这四个生命体征。的数量真的,假的,关于艺术和咨询阈值警报。年代,艺术。米,人力资源,和热点;<年代ub>2</年代ub>表中列出<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cmmm/2011/143480/tab2/" target="_blank">2</一个>。</p><d我vclass="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="tab2"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-tab2"> <table class="table-group" id="tab2"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <table class="table"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="6"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr class="thead"> <td align="left">注释</td><td一个l我gn="center">ART.S</td><td一个l我gn="center">ART.M</td><td一个l我gn="center">人力资源</td><td一个l我gn="center">热点;<年代ub>2</年代ub></td> <td align="center"><span style="width: 9.875px;"> <svg height="10.475" id="M147" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.875 10.475" width="9.875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.475)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.62)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.67)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> Σ</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="6"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">真正的</td><td一个l我gn="center">* 189 (10%)</td><td一个l我gn="center">54 (11% *)</td><td一个l我gn="center">* 71 (8%)</td><td一个l我gn="center">* 135 (12%)</td><td一个l我gn="center">449例(10%)</td></tr><tr> <td align="left">咨询</td><td一个l我gn="center">* 981 (53%)</td><td一个l我gn="center">* 237 (49%)</td><td一个l我gn="center">* 704 (77%)</td><td一个l我gn="center">* 110 (10%)</td><td一个l我gn="center">2032例(47%)</td></tr><tr> <td align="left">假</td><td一个l我gn="center">* 680 (37%)</td><td一个l我gn="center">* 195 (40%)</td><td一个l我gn="center">* 134 (15%)</td><td一个l我gn="center">* 869 (78%)</td><td一个l我gn="center">1878例(43%)</td></tr><tr> <td align="center" colspan="6"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span style="width: 9.875px;"> <svg height="10.475" id="M148" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.875 10.475" width="9.875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.475)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.62)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.67)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> Σ</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg></span></td> <td align="center">1850例(42%)</td><td一个l我gn="center">486例(11%)</td><td一个l我gn="center">909例(21%)</td><td一个l我gn="center">1114例(26%)</td><td一个l我gn="center">4359例(100%)</td></tr><tr class="table-tr"> <td colspan="6"> <hr class="tbody-hr"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">表2</年代p一个n><一个一个r我一个- - - - - -label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cmmm/2011/143480/tab2/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> 关于艺术的阈值警报。年代,艺术。米,人力资源,和热点;<年代ub>2</年代ub>。百分比标有*是个体的比例真的,咨询,和假警报率所有警报各自的个人至关重要的参数。</d我v></d我v></d我v><p>只有10%的警报是真的而43%是假的,47%咨询警报。这种低利率的相关警报匹配其他研究;参见[<一个href="#B12">10</一个>]。(所有警报意味着所有警报的四个生命体征在以下。)产生的大多数警报是艺术。年代(42%)。这生命体征展品虚报率较低但比平均咨询警报。热点;<年代ub>2</年代ub>产生26%的警报。误警率最高,最低比例的咨询警报。人力资源,生产21%的警报,情况恰恰相反:大多数人力资源警报都咨询。ART.Mproduced the least alarms (11%), of which 11% were true, 49% advisory, and 40% false alarms.</p><p>咨询警报是有问题的,因为我们的分析是基于真/假的决定。一种可能性是简单地排除咨询警报的分析。然而,这种方法并不令人满意的近一半的警报以来咨询、心率甚至超过四分之三。太多的情况下将被排除在外,因此分析的信息价值,将大幅降低。此外,咨询警报还涉及一个警报声音,因此,需要考虑。因此,我们决定每个咨询评估报警,或真或假。评估有关<我>报警的长度</我>警报是活跃的,也就是说,之外的时间跨度测量报警限制。想法是短的报警限制违规没有表现出明显的临床相关性和干扰而不是有用的<一个href="#B10">24</一个>,<gydF4y2Ba一个href="#B11">25</一个>]。根据医生参与这项研究,咨询警报的艺术。年代和艺术。米that are shorter than 10 seconds can be regarded as irrelevant. An advisory HR or SpO<年代ub>2</年代ub>报警被认为是无关紧要的,如果是短于5 - 15秒,分别。使用这种策略,设置2032咨询警报分为1201真和831假警报。也就是说,真正有1650(38%)和2709年(62%)现在假警报。然而,由于重叠报警间隔(见部分<一个href="#sec4">4</一个>),我们排除418假警报分析以便我们真正获得1650(42%)和2291年(58%)假警报(表<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cmmm/2011/143480/tab3/" target="_blank">3</一个>)。产生的误警率最高的仍是热点<年代ub>2</年代ub>有79%的无关紧要的警报。ART.Sexhibits a 55% and ART.M a 51% false alarm rate. HR has the lowest false alarm rate (39%).</p><d我vclass="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="tab3"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-tab3"> <table class="table-group" id="tab3"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <table class="table"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="6"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr class="thead"> <td align="left">注释</td><td一个l我gn="center">ART.S</td><td一个l我gn="center">ART.M</td><td一个l我gn="center">人力资源</td><td一个l我gn="center">热点;<年代ub>2</年代ub></td> <td align="center"><span style="width: 9.875px;"> <svg height="10.475" id="M149" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.875 10.475" width="9.875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.475)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.62)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.67)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> Σ</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="6"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">真正的</td><td一个l我gn="center">* 735 (45%)</td><td一个l我gn="center">* 215 (49%)</td><td一个l我gn="center">* 481 (61%)</td><td一个l我gn="center">* 219 (21%)</td><td一个l我gn="center">1650例(42%)</td></tr><tr> <td align="left">假</td><td一个l我gn="center">* 908 (55%)</td><td一个l我gn="center">* 228 (51%)</td><td一个l我gn="center">* 309 (39%)</td><td一个l我gn="center">* 846 (79%)</td><td一个l我gn="center">2291例(58%)</td></tr><tr> <td align="center" colspan="6"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span style="width: 9.875px;"> <svg height="10.475" id="M150" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.875 10.475" width="9.875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.475)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.62)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.67)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> Σ</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg></span></td> <td align="center">1643例(42%)</td><td一个l我gn="center">443例(11%)</td><td一个l我gn="center">790例(20%)</td><td一个l我gn="center">1065例(27%)</td><td一个l我gn="center">3941例(100%)</td></tr><tr class="table-tr"> <td colspan="6"> <hr class="tbody-hr"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">表3</年代p一个n><一个一个r我一个- - - - - -label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cmmm/2011/143480/tab3/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> 关于艺术的阈值警报。年代,艺术。米,人力资源,和热点;<年代ub>2</年代ub>每次咨询报警后被评估为true或false。百分比标有*的比例是个体的真实和假警报率所有警报各自个人至关重要的参数。</d我v></d我v></d我v><p>由于评估咨询警报,我们能够执行的分析关于SE和FARR节中描述<一个href="#sec4">4</一个>。在下面,我们将解释aoRM和aoTRM-LS是如何应用到数据。后来,我们现在的结果。</p><gydF4y2Bah5 id="sec5.2">5.2。应用aoRM aoTRM-LS</gydF4y2Bah5> <p>的离线应用程序aoRM和aoTRM-LS记录监测数据,我们使用开源软件R, 2.10.1版本。R包<年代p一个n年代tyle=”font- - - - - -family:monospace">robfilter</年代p一个n>(<gydF4y2Ba一个href="#B7">17</一个>)包含的功能aoRM aoTRM-LS,函数名称<年代p一个n年代tyle=”font- - - - - -family:monospace">adore.filter</年代p一个n>(相当于aoRM)和<年代p一个n年代tyle=”font- - - - - -family:monospace">madore.filter</年代p一个n>(相当于aoTRM-LS)。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba使用R,一个可以处理广泛的数据存储格式,还包括文本文件格式的参考数据。每个85例指的是一个数据集,也就是说,一个文本文件。每个数据集加载文本文件形式的数据矩阵R<年代vgheight="14.3625" id="M151" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:12.75px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 12.75 14.3625" width="12.75" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.51)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>行,<年代vgheight="13.075" id="M152" style="vertical-align:-1.76814pt;width:79.074997px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 79.074997 13.075" width="79.074997" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.075)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.54)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.3517642" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.392153" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.643654" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.857405" y="0"> …</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.435902" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="50.649654" y="0"> 8</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="56.901154" y="0"> 5</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>,每一列包含一个重要的测量参数。的行数<年代vgheight="14.3625" id="M153" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:12.75px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 12.75 14.3625" width="12.75" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.3625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.51)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,60.66)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>=监视时间间隔,以秒为单位的情况<年代vgheight="9.9250002" id="M154" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt;width:4.9875002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 4.9875002 9.9250002" width="4.9875002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,9.925)"> <g transform="translate(72,-64.06)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba的<年代p一个n年代tyle=”font- - - - - -family:monospace">adore.filter</年代p一个n>函数用于单变量时间序列中对应向量r .因此,<年代p一个n年代tyle=”font- - - - - -family:monospace">adore.filter</年代p一个n>应用函数列的列。相比之下,<年代p一个n年代tyle=”font- - - - - -family:monospace">madore.filter</年代p一个n>函数用于多变量时间序列,因此,适用于整个数据矩阵。信号估计的输出<年代p一个n年代tyle=”font- - - - - -family:monospace">adore.filter</年代p一个n>和<年代p一个n年代tyle=”font- - - - - -family:monospace">madore.filter</年代p一个n>功能是存储在文本文件中,这样他们可以分析关于SE和FARR节中解释道<一个href="#sec4">4</一个>。这个分析也通过R 2.10.1完成。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba为应用程序的过滤器在临床实践中,缺失值的处理是我们关心的一个问题:由于技术问题,在线监测数据可以包含缺失值在单点以及长时间的缺失值。的函数<年代p一个n年代tyle=”font- - - - - -family:monospace">adore.filter</年代p一个n>和<年代p一个n年代tyle=”font- - - - - -family:monospace">madore.filter</年代p一个n>有类似的策略来处理缺失值。他们的算法给输出只有在足够的观察一个合理的信号估计。否则,信号输出是一个缺失值估计。更多细节,请参见R帮助或<一个href="#B22">15</一个>,<gydF4y2Ba一个href="#B1">16</一个>]。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba自监测生命体征块依赖结构(cf。部分<一个href="#sec2.2">2.2</一个>),我们应用aoTRM-LS块明智的一块组成的艺术。年代,艺术。米,d我一个年代tol我c artery blood pressure, and to one block consisting of HR and pulse. SpO<年代ub>2</年代ub>有一个特殊的地位,因为它是一个“块”。在这种情况下,<年代p一个n年代tyle=”font- - - - - -family:monospace">madore.filter</年代p一个n>算法适用于单变量<年代p一个n年代tyle=”font- - - - - -family:monospace">adore.filter</年代p一个n>这意味着<年代p一个n年代tyle=”font- - - - - -family:monospace">madore.filter</年代p一个n>和<年代p一个n年代tyle=”font- - - - - -family:monospace">adore.filter</年代p一个n>信号估计是相等的热点<年代ub>2</年代ub>。我们的分析还仅仅集中在艺术。米,艺术。年代,人力资源,和热点;<年代ub>2</年代ub>尽管aoTRM-LS也应用于舒张动脉血压和脉搏率measurements-these aoTRM-LS测量提供额外的信息过滤器。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba节中解释<一个href="#sec2">2</一个>,最低窗口宽度<年代vgheight="10.925" id="M155" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:29.1875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 29.1875 10.925" width="29.1875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.925)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.26)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.74,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 米</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> 我</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.2421122" y="0"> n</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>是至关重要的,因为它决定了跟踪(a)延迟aoRM / aoTRM-LS信号估计当反应突然数据变化和(b)可以抵御异常值的过滤过程。因此,我们应用aoRM和aoTRM-LS整个数据集使用<年代vgheight="14.6" id="M156" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:133.22501px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 133.22501 14.6" width="133.22501" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.6)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.32)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.74,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 米</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> 我</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.2421122" y="0"> n</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-45.23,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.530886" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.744637" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.996136" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.247639" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="47.461388" y="0"> …</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="62.039886" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="67.253639" y="0"> 9</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="73.505135" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>。宽度<年代vgheight="7.1374998" id="M157" style="vertical-align:-0.10033pt;width:11.225px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.225 7.1374998" width="11.225" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.1375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-66.29)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>的时间窗口,用于评估RM回归拟合比较样本restrict-to-range规则,总是<年代vgheight="14.6" id="M158" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:71.824997px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 71.824997 14.6" width="71.824997" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.6)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.32)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.340461" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.38085" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-41.35,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 米</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> 我</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.2421122" y="0"> n</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-24.31,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> /</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="3.4758339" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>。最大的窗口宽度总是<年代vgheight="14.7125" id="M159" style="vertical-align:-3.22282pt;width:73.837502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 73.837502 14.7125" width="73.837502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.23)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.74,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 米</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> 一个</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.694944" y="0"> x</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-43.78,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.040389" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.291889" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.543388" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>。</p><gydF4y2Bah5 id="sec5.3">5.3。结果</gydF4y2Bah5> <p>我们确定SE和aoRM FARR, aoTRM-LS报警系统分别为每个四个生命体征的艺术。米,艺术。年代,人力资源,和热点;<年代ub>2</年代ub>。在图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cmmm/2011/143480/fig5/" target="_blank">5</一个>,我们对SE情节FARR每个生命体征和每个最小窗口宽度<年代vgheight="14.6" id="M160" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:133.22501px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 133.22501 14.6" width="133.22501" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.6)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.32)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.74,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 米</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> 我</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.2421122" y="0"> n</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-45.23,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.530886" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.744637" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.996136" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.247639" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="47.461388" y="0"> …</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="62.039886" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="67.253639" y="0"> 9</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="73.505135" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>。SE和aoRM FARR所示点,SE和FARR aoTRM-LS的十字架。下面的数量(上图)点(交叉)表示使用最小的窗口宽度<年代vgheight="10.925" id="M161" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:29.1875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 29.1875 10.925" width="29.1875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.925)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.26)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.74,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 米</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> 我</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.2421122" y="0"> n</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>。请注意,对于人力资源情节范围<年代vgheight="13.125" id="M162" style="vertical-align:-1.95624pt;width:82.175003px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 82.175003 13.125" width="82.175003" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.5)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.616247" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.867746" y="0"> ]</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.806911" y="0"> ×</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.597" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="43.760502" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="50.012001" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="55.213249" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="61.464748" y="0"> ]</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>而对于其他生命体征<年代vgheight="13.3125" id="M163" style="vertical-align:-1.95624pt;width:105.6125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 105.6125 13.3125" width="105.6125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.3125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.35)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.616247" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.867746" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.993498" y="0"> 5</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.244997" y="0"> ]</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.184162" y="0"> ×</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="48.974251" y="0"> (</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="53.137749" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="59.389252" y="0"> 。</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="62.514999" y="0"> 5</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="68.766502" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="73.967751" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="80.219246" y="0"> ]</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>。我们可以看到在图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cmmm/2011/143480/fig5/" target="_blank">5</一个>越大,<年代vgheight="10.925" id="M164" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:29.1875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 29.1875 10.925" width="29.1875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.925)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.26)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.74,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 米</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> 我</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.2421122" y="0"> n</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>FARR越大,越小。根据医生参与这项研究,我们要求至少95%,明显的灰色线条图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cmmm/2011/143480/fig5/" target="_blank">5</一个>。这可以帮助寻找<年代vgheight="10.925" id="M165" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:29.1875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 29.1875 10.925" width="29.1875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.925)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.26)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.74,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 米</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> 我</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.2421122" y="0"> n</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>导致最大的限制下FARR至少95%。</p><d我vclass="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig5"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig5"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(一)”n一个米e=”143480。f我g.005a" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cmmm/volume-2011/143480/figures/143480.fig.005a.jpg"> <br> <strong>(一)</年代trong></d我v> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(b)”n一个米e=”143480。f我g.005b" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cmmm/volume-2011/143480/figures/143480.fig.005b.jpg"> <br> <strong>(b)</年代trong></d我v> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(c)”n一个米e=”143480。f我g.005c" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cmmm/volume-2011/143480/figures/143480.fig.005c.jpg"> <br> <strong>(c)</年代trong></d我v> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(d)”n一个米e=”143480。f我g.005d" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cmmm/volume-2011/143480/figures/143480.fig.005d.jpg"> <br> <strong>(d)</年代trong></d我v> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs fig-thumbs-fig5"> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(a)"><img alt="(一)”n一个米e=”143480。f我g.005a" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cmmm/volume-2011/143480/figures/143480.fig.005a.jpg"><br><strong>(一)</年代trong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(b)"><img alt="(b)”n一个米e=”143480。f我g.005b" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cmmm/volume-2011/143480/figures/143480.fig.005b.jpg"><br><strong>(b)</年代trong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(c)"><img alt="(c)”n一个米e=”143480。f我g.005c" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cmmm/volume-2011/143480/figures/143480.fig.005c.jpg"><br><strong>(c)</年代trong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(d)"><img alt="(d)”n一个米e=”143480。f我g.005d" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cmmm/volume-2011/143480/figures/143480.fig.005d.jpg"><br><strong>(d)</年代trong></button> </div> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev fig-nav-fig5"> <button class="carousel-prev" aria-label="Previous"></button> <button class="carousel-next" aria-label="Next"></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图5</年代p一个n><一个一个r我一个- - - - - -label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cmmm/2011/143480/fig5/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <svg height="10.925" id="M166" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 29.1875 10.925" width="29.1875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.925)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.26)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.74,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 米</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> 我</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.2421122" y="0"> n</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg> <table> SE和FARR aoRM aoTRM-LS为每个四个生命体征。下面的数量(上图)点(交叉)表示gydF4y2Ba。</t一个ble> </div> </div> </div> <p>为艺术。米,一个oTR米- - - - - -l年代with<年代vgheight="14.6" id="M167" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:64.199997px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 64.199997 14.6" width="64.199997" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.6)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.32)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.74,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 米</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> 我</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.2421122" y="0"> n</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-45.23,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 8</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>提供了<年代vgheight="11.5" id="M168" style="vertical-align:-0.27588pt;width:65.050003px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 65.050003 11.5" width="65.050003" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.5)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.8)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.12)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 年代</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.9516678" y="0"> E</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.054333" y="0"> ≈</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.094721" y="0"> 9</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.346222" y="0"> 6</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.597721" y="0"> %</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>和<年代vgheight="10.6625" id="M169" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:40.400002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 40.400002 10.6625" width="40.400002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.6625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.47)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.52)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> F</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.5140629" y="0"> 一个</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.541229" y="0"> R</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.88073" y="0"> R</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg> <svg height="11.45" id="M170" style="vertical-align:-0.23825pt;width:42.474998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 42.474998 11.45" width="42.474998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.45)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.84)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.12)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ≈</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> 6</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.530886" y="0"> %</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>。aoRM过滤器与<年代vgheight="14.725" id="M171" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:64.199997px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 64.199997 14.725" width="64.199997" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.725)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.22)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.4)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.74,60.27)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 米</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> 我</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.2421122" y="0"> n</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-45.23,63.4)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 6</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>产量可比的结果<年代vgheight="10.9125" id="M172" style="vertical-align:-0.17554pt;width:18.362499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 18.362499 10.9125" width="18.362499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 年代</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.9516678" y="0"> E</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg> <svg height="11.5" id="M173" style="vertical-align:-0.27588pt;width:42.474998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 42.474998 11.5" width="42.474998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.5)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.8)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.12)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ≈</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 9</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> 5</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.530886" y="0"> %</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>和FARR<年代vgheight="11.45" id="M174" style="vertical-align:-0.23825pt;width:42.474998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 42.474998 11.45" width="42.474998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.45)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.84)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.12)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ≈</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> 5</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.530886" y="0"> %</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>。关于艺术。年代和de米和我ng一个tle一个年代t 95% SE, we obtain somewhat worse results with<年代vgheight="10.6625" id="M175" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:40.400002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 40.400002 10.6625" width="40.400002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.6625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.47)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.52)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> F</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.5140629" y="0"> 一个</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.541229" y="0"> R</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.88073" y="0"> R</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg> <svg height="11.45" id="M176" style="vertical-align:-0.23825pt;width:42.474998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 42.474998 11.45" width="42.474998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.45)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.84)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.12)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ≈</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> 5</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.530886" y="0"> %</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>aoRM (<年代vgheight="14.7875" id="M177" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:64.199997px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 64.199997 14.7875" width="64.199997" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.17)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.74,60.22)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 米</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> 我</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.2421122" y="0"> n</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-45.23,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 5</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>),<年代vgheight="10.6625" id="M178" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:40.400002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 40.400002 10.6625" width="40.400002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.6625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.47)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.52)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> F</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.5140629" y="0"> 一个</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.541229" y="0"> R</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.88073" y="0"> R</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg> <svg height="11.45" id="M179" style="vertical-align:-0.23825pt;width:42.474998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 42.474998 11.45" width="42.474998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.45)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.84)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.12)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ≈</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> 8</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.530886" y="0"> %</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>aoTRM-LS (<年代vgheight="14.6" id="M180" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:64.199997px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 64.199997 14.6" width="64.199997" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.6)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.32)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.74,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 米</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> 我</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.2421122" y="0"> n</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-45.23,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 8</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>)。为了获得至少95% SE人力资源,必须选择一个较小的最小窗口宽度。用aoRM<年代vgheight="14.6" id="M181" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:64.199997px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 64.199997 14.6" width="64.199997" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.6)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.32)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.74,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 米</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> 我</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.2421122" y="0"> n</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-45.23,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>,大约三分之一的人力资源可以抑制假警报<年代vgheight="10.9125" id="M182" style="vertical-align:-0.17554pt;width:18.362499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 18.362499 10.9125" width="18.362499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 年代</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.9516678" y="0"> E</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg> <svg height="11.5" id="M183" style="vertical-align:-0.27588pt;width:42.474998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 42.474998 11.5" width="42.474998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.5)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.8)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.12)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ≈</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 9</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> 5</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.530886" y="0"> %</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>。使用相同的最小窗口宽度aoTRM-LS,我们获得<年代vgheight="10.9125" id="M184" style="vertical-align:-0.17554pt;width:18.362499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 18.362499 10.9125" width="18.362499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 年代</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.9516678" y="0"> E</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg> <svg height="11.5" id="M185" style="vertical-align:-0.27588pt;width:42.474998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 42.474998 11.5" width="42.474998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.5)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.8)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.12)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ≈</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 9</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> 9</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.530886" y="0"> %</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>只是FARR<年代vgheight="11.45" id="M186" style="vertical-align:-0.23825pt;width:42.474998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 42.474998 11.45" width="42.474998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.45)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.84)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.12)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ≈</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.530886" y="0"> %</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>;使用<年代vgheight="14.6" id="M187" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:64.199997px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 64.199997 14.6" width="64.199997" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.6)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.32)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.74,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 米</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> 我</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.2421122" y="0"> n</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-45.23,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>导致<年代vgheight="10.6625" id="M188" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:40.400002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 40.400002 10.6625" width="40.400002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.6625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.47)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.52)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> F</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.5140629" y="0"> 一个</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.541229" y="0"> R</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.88073" y="0"> R</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg> <svg height="11.45" id="M189" style="vertical-align:-0.23825pt;width:42.474998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 42.474998 11.45" width="42.474998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.45)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.84)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.12)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ≈</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 3</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> 8</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.530886" y="0"> %</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>但随着<年代vgheight="10.9125" id="M190" style="vertical-align:-0.17554pt;width:18.362499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 18.362499 10.9125" width="18.362499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 年代</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.9516678" y="0"> E</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg> <svg height="11.5" id="M191" style="vertical-align:-0.27588pt;width:42.474998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 42.474998 11.5" width="42.474998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.5)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.8)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.12)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ≈</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 9</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.530886" y="0"> %</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>。从热点;<年代ub>2</年代ub>构建一个街区就其本身而言,多元<年代p一个n年代tyle=”font- - - - - -family:monospace">madore.filter</年代p一个n>算法适用于单变量<年代p一个n年代tyle=”font- - - - - -family:monospace">adore.filter</年代p一个n>这一块。因此,aoRM aoTRM-LS信号估计是相等的热点<年代ub>2</年代ub>。使用<年代vgheight="14.725" id="M192" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:64.199997px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 64.199997 14.725" width="64.199997" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.725)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.22)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.4)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.74,60.27)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 米</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> 我</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.2421122" y="0"> n</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-45.23,63.4)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 6</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>我们获得<年代vgheight="10.6625" id="M193" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:40.400002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 40.400002 10.6625" width="40.400002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.6625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.47)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.52)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> F</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.5140629" y="0"> 一个</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.541229" y="0"> R</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.88073" y="0"> R</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg> <svg height="11.45" id="M194" style="vertical-align:-0.23825pt;width:42.474998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 42.474998 11.45" width="42.474998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.45)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.84)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.12)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ≈</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> 6</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.530886" y="0"> %</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>和<年代vgheight="10.9125" id="M195" style="vertical-align:-0.17554pt;width:18.362499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 18.362499 10.9125" width="18.362499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 年代</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.9516678" y="0"> E</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg> <svg height="11.5" id="M196" style="vertical-align:-0.27588pt;width:42.474998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 42.474998 11.5" width="42.474998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.5)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.8)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.12)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ≈</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 9</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> 5</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.530886" y="0"> %</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>。</p><gydF4y2Bah4 id="summary-and-outlook">6。总结与展望</gydF4y2Bah4> <p>aoRM和aoTRM-LS信号过滤器可用于提取非平稳的信号网络,吵闹,并从重症监护异常污染在线监测时间序列。通过比较信号估计代替原始测量上下报警限制,可以减少阈值警报的数量。</p><p>一个oR米的评价和aoTRM-LS为应用程序在临床实践是基于记录数据从重症监护室。在这个数据记录中,每个报警被注释的回顾为真或假。为了评估aoRM aoTRM-LS报警系统,我们估计他们的敏感性(SE),但不是他们的特异性。特异性的原因是,估计有决定是否把限制违反新系统在“警报”时期,这意味着新的或旧的报警系统是青睐。因此,我们避免评估特异性和确定减少假警报率(FARR)的新系统。</p><p>F一个RR和SE的新系统是由建筑虚假和真实报警间隔由一定数量的时间点假和真报警后,分别。如果aoRM / aoTRM-LS信号估计违反报警限制在一个真正的报警区间,根据真实报警被认为是探测到。类比推理,旧的假警报系统被认为是抑制新系统,如果它的信号估计不违反假警报区间内的报警限制。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba数据库的分析显示,超过90%的阈值警报是由艺术造成的。年代,艺术。米,人力资源,和热点;<年代ub>2</年代ub>。因此,我们的分析集中在这四个生命体征。此外,几乎一半的警报被评估咨询;这些警报不需要立即采取行动但是有帮助的。由于我们的评估策略是基于真/假的决定,我们评估咨询或真或假警报。</p><p>一个oR米的应用和执行aoTRM-LS回顾性使用R的功能<年代p一个n年代tyle=”font- - - - - -family:monospace">adore.filter</年代p一个n>和<年代p一个n年代tyle=”font- - - - - -family:monospace">madore.filter</年代p一个n>从R包<年代p一个n年代tyle=”font- - - - - -family:monospace">robfilter</年代p一个n>。从最小的窗口宽度的选择<年代vgheight="10.925" id="M197" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:29.1875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 29.1875 10.925" width="29.1875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.925)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.26)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.74,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 米</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> 我</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.2421122" y="0"> n</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>有很大影响aoRM / aoTRM-LS信号提取,我们应用过滤器使用吗<年代vgheight="14.6" id="M198" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:133.22501px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 133.22501 14.6" width="133.22501" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.6)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.32)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.74,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 米</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> 我</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.2421122" y="0"> n</t年代p一个n></text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-45.23,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 1</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.530886" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.744637" y="0"> 2</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.996136" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="42.247639" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="47.461388" y="0"> …</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="62.039886" y="0"> ,</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="67.253639" y="0"> 9</t年代p一个n><t年代p一个n style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="73.505135" y="0"> 0</t年代p一个n></text> </g> </g> </svg>。这个函数<年代p一个n年代tyle=”font- - - - - -family:monospace">madore.filter</年代p一个n>(一个oTR米- - - - - -l年代)应用块明智的用一块组成的动脉血压和心率和脉搏之一;氧饱和度构建一个自己的块,这意味着多元<年代p一个n年代tyle=”font- - - - - -family:monospace">madore.filter</年代p一个n>算法适用于单变量<年代p一个n年代tyle=”font- - - - - -family:monospace">adore.filter</年代p一个n>这一块。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba我们发现这两个过滤器能够抑制大约四分之一到三分之一的假警报,同时提供至少95%的敏感性。使用最小的窗口宽度,更大更大的FARR可以获得较低的成本。例如,仅仅要求至少90% SE, aoRM或aoTRM-LS报警系统可以减少31 38%的阈值警报。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba需要改进的实际情况在重症监护病房是显而易见的。预处理的原始监测数据由aoRM或aoTRM-LS过滤器是一个很好的可能性来实现这一目标。该过滤器可以实现监控系统。然后,基于过滤报警系统的实际性能可以比较的“老”系统测试阶段。然而,人们必须记住基于过滤的报警系统的灵敏度低。因此,医生必须能够访问过滤和原始测量在床边。</p><p>一个oR米的潜力和aoTRM-LS信号过滤器并不局限于抑制假警报。例如,他们也可以用来缓解病人监测以来平稳信号的抽取,更容易解释比噪声和离群值受污染的测量。aoRM和aoTRM-LS信号提取也可以是有益的在其他领域,例如,对于高频测量从行业或金融。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba此外,aoRM aoTRM-LS可以增强或用作其他过滤器的基础。例如,可能有改进的窗口宽度适应原则,可能基于结构性突变的检测方法;aoTRM-LS,自动和时间选择相关的块(见部分<一个href="#sec2.2">2.2</一个>)将是一种进步,特别是对于多变量时间序列和一个未知的可能改变依赖结构。</p><gydF4y2Bah4 id="acknowledgments">确认</gydF4y2Bah4> <p>作者衷心感谢裁判有价值的和有用的评论和感激地承认德意志Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB 475年的支持<我>减少复杂的多元数据结构</我>及823年,<我>非线性动态过程的统计模型</我>)。</p></d我v><d我vclass="xml-content"> <h4 class="references" id="references">引用</gydF4y2Bah4> <ol> <li id="B3">m . c . 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Schettlinger和收集,“多元实时信号处理的鲁棒自适应回归滤波器,”<我>年代t一个t是t我cs-Simulation通信和计算</我>,38卷,不。2、426 - 440年,2009页。<年代p一个nclass="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Multivariate%20real%20time%20signal%20processing%20by%20a%20robust%20adaptive%20regression%20filter&author=M. Borowski&author=K. Schettlinger&author=&author=U. Gather&publication_year=2009" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></年代p一个n></li> <li id="B7">r .油炸、k . Schettlinger和m .博罗夫斯基,<我>robfilter:健壮的时间系列过滤器</我>20.10年,R包2.6.1。<年代p一个nclass="reflinks"></span></li> <li id="B21">p . Rousseeuw和a·勒罗伊<我>健壮的回归和异常值检测</我>威利,纽约,纽约,美国,1987年。<年代p一个nclass="reflinks"></span></li> <li id="B16">诉Lanius和美国收集从多元时间序列中提取健壮的网络信号,”<我>计算统计和数据分析</我>,54卷,不。4、966 - 975年,2010页。<年代p一个nclass="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csda.2009.10.009">出版商的网站</一个><年代p一个nclass="sep">|</年代p一个n><一个href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Robust%20online%20signal%20extraction%20from%20multivariate%20time%20series&author=V. Lanius &author=U. Gather&publication_year=2010" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></年代p一个n></li> <li id="B19">r . a . Maronna和r·h·Zamar“稳健的估计位置和色散对高维数据集,“<我>技术计量学</我>,44卷,不。4、307 - 317年,2002页。<年代p一个nclass="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Robust%20estimates%20of%20location%20and%20dispersion%20for%20high-dimensional%20datasets&author=R. A. Maronna &author=R. H. Zamar&publication_year=2002" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></年代p一个n></li> <li id="B23">s . Siebig美国库尔,伊姆赫夫m . et al .,“收集注释数据在临床验证研究报警算法密集型议程(方法学框架,“<我>《急救护理</我>,25卷,不。1,第135 - 128页,2010。<年代p一个nclass="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrc.2008.09.001">出版商的网站</一个><年代p一个nclass="sep">|</年代p一个n><一个href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Collection%20of%20annotated%20data%20in%20a%20clinical%20validation%20study%20for%20alarm%20algorithms%20in%20intensive%20care-a%20methodologic%20framework&author=S. Siebig&author=S. Kuhls&author=M. Imhoff et al.&publication_year=2010" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></年代p一个n></li> <li id="B15">美国库尔,美国Siebig、f . Stoßel和m .伊霍夫”Entwicklung静脉Eingabemaske毛皮死Erfassung klinischer Annotationen,“技术。众议员15/06,SFB 475年,多特蒙德科技大学,2006。<年代p一个nclass="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Entwicklung%20einer%20Eingabemaske%20für%20die%20Erfassung%20klinischer%20Annotationen&author=S. Kuhls&author=S. Siebig&author=F. Stóßel&author=&author=M. Imhoff&publication_year=2006" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></年代p一个n></li> <li id="B14">美国库尔,<我>Pl一个nung,Durchfuhrung和分析静脉klinischen研究苏珥Bewertung和zum Vergleich von der Intensivmedizin Alarmsystemen</我>科技大学博士论文,Fakultat Statistik,多特蒙德,2008。<年代p一个nclass="reflinks"></span></li> <li id="B10">m .三峡b a Markewitz, d . r . Westenskow”提高报警性能在医学重症监护室使用延迟和临床背景下,“<我>麻醉与镇痛</我>,卷108,不。5,1546 - 1552年,2009页。<年代p一个nclass="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://doi.org/10.1213/ane.0b013e31819bdfbb">出版商的网站</一个><年代p一个nclass="sep">|</年代p一个n><一个href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Improving%20alarm%20performance%20in%20the%20medical%20intensive%20care%20unit%20using%20delays%20and%20clinical%20context&author=M. Görges&author=B. A. Markewitz&author=&author=D. R. Westenskow&publication_year=2009" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></年代p一个n></li> <li id="B11">m·伊姆赫夫和r .油炸“哭狼:还哭?”<我>麻醉与镇痛</我>,卷108,不。5,1382 - 1383年,2009页。<年代p一个nclass="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://doi.org/10.1213/ane.0b013e31819ed484">出版商的网站</一个><年代p一个nclass="sep">|</年代p一个n><一个href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=The%20crying%20wolf:%20still%20crying?&author=M. Imhoff &author=R. Fried&publication_year=2009" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></年代p一个n></li> </ol> </div> <div class="xml-content"> <h4 class="copyright" id="copyright">版权</gydF4y2Bah4> <p>版权©2011 m .博罗夫斯基et al。这是一个开放的分布式下文章<一个rel=”l我cense" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/">知识共享归属许可</一个>,它允许无限制的使用、分配和复制在任何媒介,提供最初的工作是正确引用。</p></d我v></d我v></article> </div> </div> </div> <div class="biblio__Wrapper-sc-1nou1lz-0 eyHfWh journal_article__BiblioIntegratorWidget-sc-12fk6zy-5 dbAANp article_widget biblioWrapper hide"> <hr> <h4 class="biblio__H4-sc-1nou1lz-2 becpDt hrTitleRef">更多相关文章</gydF4y2Bah4> <div id="biblio_widget" class="biblio__BiblioWrapper-sc-1nou1lz-1 coBIiF"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="threeColumn__RightWrapper-sc-1bf4078-2 jzTMLK rightWrapper" id="rightSectionMenu"> <div> <div class="journal_article__ArticleStickyTopToolbar-sc-12fk6zy-0 gbrQxi article_sticky_top_toolbar"> <div class="sc-cBdUnI hRnXob article_top_toolbar"> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-jtRfpW dIjoCg 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height="24"><span class="text">引用</年代p一个n></年代p一个n><span class="sc-htoDjs bqeMOy sc-dqBHgY cQgXqt fileArrow icon-colored _3P4iUn1NDM5G77nWCamJ4l icon-themeable" title="" font-size="20"></span></a> </div> </div> <div class="journal_article__ArticleStickyBottomToolbar-sc-12fk6zy-1 isgRZA article_sticky_bottom_toolbar"> <div class="sc-cTjmhe ihmyEq article_bottom_toolbar"> <div class="sc-cugefK itFKcQ accordion" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8" id="toolbar__dofNav"> <span><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl sc-bfYoXt cGuwDn" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="24"><span class="sc-dRFtgE jrsDZP">下载其他格式</年代p一个n><年代p一个nclass="sc-gkFcWv gWTCXQ">更多的</年代p一个n></年代p一个n> <span class="sc-htoDjs bMdQcY sc-gbOuXE jGPvPL icon-colored _1CwL9R82TPl2HxDleeYGDR icon-themeable" title="" font-size="11"></span> </div> <div class="sc-fnwBNb etzuBr"> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-iNhVCk gWgCNb open_panel" href="//www.newsama.com/downloads/journals/cmmm/2011/143480.xml" aria-label="XML" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"> <div class="sc-eAKXzc WHkfb"> XML</d我v><我米g一个lt=””class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl sc-bfYoXt cGuwDn" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="24"></a> </div> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-imABML ibWUzs" href="//www.newsama.com/reprints/143480/confirm" aria-label="Order Printed Copies" target="_blank" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8" id="toolbar__opcNav"><span><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl sc-bfYoXt cGuwDn" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="24"><span class="sc-dRFtgE jrsDZP">订单打印副本</年代p一个n><年代p一个nclass="sc-gkFcWv gWTCXQ">订单</年代p一个n></年代p一个n><span class="sc-htoDjs kNoiZu sc-gbOuXE jGPvPL right__icon icon-colored _32KP5uexH-Bgs7Kj8Gk1Tz icon-themeable" title="" font-size="16"></span></a> <div class="sc-hBbWxd kdRRST"> <div class="sc-dyGzUR cHatnS"> <div> 的观点<年代p一个n>2972年年</年代p一个n></d我v><d我v> 下载<年代p一个n>3173年年</年代p一个n></d我v></d我v> <div> <div class="sc-drKuOJ kxdGAZ"> <span class="__dimensions_badge_embed__" data-doi="10.1155/2011/143480" data-style="small_circle"></span>引用</d我v></d我v></d我v><nav class="sc-bRBYWo fXBKFa sc-hUfwpO jHPgUP" id="toolbar__iconNav"> <h3 class="sc-Rmtcm hNPrIr">分享文章</gydF4y2Bah3> <ul class="sc-hzDkRC bnbfTS"> <li class="iconBorder"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link" href="https://twitter.com/share?url=https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/143480&via=Hindawi" aria-label="Sharing on Twitter" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl socialTwitter" title="" 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