分类方法的比较P300脑机接口对残疾人的主题</gydF4y2Batitle> <link href="//www.newsama.com/static/themes/hindawi/base.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://static-01.hindawi.com/next_assets/wyT4heYybLmt1UEJexPE9/static/lib/basictable.css" rel="stylesheet" media="none" class="next-head"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://static-01.hindawi.com/next_assets/wyT4heYybLmt1UEJexPE9/static/lib/owl.carousel.min.css" media="none" class="next-head"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://static-01.hindawi.com/next_assets/wyT4heYybLmt1UEJexPE9/static/lib/owl.theme.default.min.css" media="none" class="next-head"> <link rel="preload" type="text/css" href="https://cdn.bibblio.org/rcm/4.24/bib-related-content.min.css" as="style" class="next-head"> <link rel="preload" type="text/css" href="https://cdn.bibblio.org/rcm/4.24/bib-related-content.min.css" as="style" class="next-head"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://static-01.hindawi.com/next_assets/wyT4heYybLmt1UEJexPE9/_next/static/css/common.835aedbf.chunk.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://static-01.hindawi.com/next_assets/wyT4heYybLmt1UEJexPE9/_next/static/css/static/wyT4heYybLmt1UEJexPE9/pages/journal_article.js.6cbeea55.chunk.css"> <style data-styled="NQpXC gnduKR jzXSTA bNmdOy epRoim bUhGXt gjctdt jGJLow kAzjOl ivbKJD fopjOz hbVEoI khbeDd gvAGTV kNoiZu diutvq bqeMOy bMdQcY ldSkVQ cmzomn fJLQxX kuxTps prcY bJcSpM elhyhe fTkdCR jCfZqq EwsTm hYnXNL hGCBfz dfaOeH jOLhQl TsaZF iiusBg cqhPZs gaRePw dEfJbW eBepOs fSPaCp bVEEaH etauus ctePXh gCIfTO hHKuAX dIjoCg jUTgTa eujois cQgXqt ewCAZX kdvWPs hAFFGk lkWWFY ehYbwJ legory epgILe kCfRMJ bjwAQR byflLi jXeALb UVThf dDyxFF fkVFlF dzZrgS jLUVhb dVCLgr bBmZJZ ewHMLz bbzREB jknsZc eSvjPB jntdRu hAzjHP mBGSe fgGykB gQxyld bVtmCk hSHJbi ktFfKO bkiEfx ztvYg cUsFHx duuwge lcOiDF gsmOCv kPshFw kEVvRd jZOxOO eHMFfo XkrFe irNWJI dMuGGA kfDwZY evMkvU fYrLtk fjviok hgKieC cIribm khHUcu gvEcCq dbAANp eyHfWh cBTaXT becpDt hFGNjP jzTMLK gbrQxi hRnXob hymroZ cbcyj hmDWcT isgRZA ihmyEq itFKcQ cGuwDn jrsDZP gWTCXQ jGPvPL etzuBr gWgCNb WHkfb ibWUzs kdRRST cHatnS kxdGAZ jHPgUP fXBKFa hNPrIr bnbfTS cYsVdk inBNwS dkutRV hlGpbO filPdg ecHxGW gCiATD eEFYIL dsXEHZ iXKuYd" data-styled-version="4.4.1"> /* sc-component-id: sc-bdVaJa */ .EwsTm{height:200vh;width:100%;position:fixed;z-index:1;background:rgba(255,255,255,0.8);} .EwsTm.isHide{display:none;} @media (min-width:768px) and (max-width:991px){} @media (min-width:992px){.EwsTm{display:none;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-htpNat */ .bUhGXt{color:black;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;border-radius:5px;font-size:16px;} .bUhGXt:focus-visible{outline-width:3px;outline-color:#8fc9ff;outline-style:solid;} /* sc-component-id: sc-bxivhb */ .ivbKJD{display:inline-block;} /* sc-component-id: sc-ifAKCX */ .fopjOz{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;-webkit-flex:wrap;-ms-flex:wrap;flex:wrap;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;list-style-type:none;margin:0;padding:0;} .fopjOz li{padding:0 10px;} .fopjOz li a{padding:0;} .fopjOz a{-webkit-transition:border .25s ease-in-out 0s;transition:border .25s ease-in-out 0s;border-bottom:2px solid #fff;border-radius:0;} .fopjOz a:hover{border-bottom:2px solid #9b9b9b;padding-bottom:4px;} .fopjOz .active{border-bottom:2px solid #57a61e;} /* sc-component-id: sc-EHOje */ .jOLhQl{vertical-align:middle;height:24px;}.TsaZF{vertical-align:middle;height:40px;}.iiusBg{vertical-align:middle;height:16px;} /* sc-component-id: sc-bZQynM */ .bNmdOy{max-width:1440px;margin:0 auto;width:100%;} /* sc-component-id: sc-htoDjs */ .khbeDd{vertical-align:middle;font-size:24px;}.gvAGTV{vertical-align:middle;font-size:9px;}.kNoiZu{vertical-align:middle;font-size:16px;}.diutvq{vertical-align:middle;font-size:22px;}.bqeMOy{vertical-align:middle;font-size:20px;}.bMdQcY{vertical-align:middle;font-size:11px;} /* sc-component-id: sc-fjdhpX */ .jzXSTA{position:fixed;top:0;left:0;right:0;z-index:1000;background:#fff;height:70px;font-size:16px;font-weight:500;border-bottom:1px solid #e3e3e3;-webkit-transition:all 0.5s;transition:all 0.5s;} @media (max-width:991px){.jzXSTA{border-bottom:1px solid #e3e3e3;}} @media (max-width:767px){.jzXSTA{margin-bottom:70px;height:60px;}} .jzXSTA .header__padding{padding:0 20px;box-sizing:border-box;} @media (max-width:991px){.jzXSTA .header__padding{padding:0 0 0 20px;}} .jzXSTA .menu{position:fixed;top:60px;right:0;width:100%;background:white;} @media (max-width:991px){.jzXSTA .menu{z-index:2;}} @media (min-width:768px){.jzXSTA .menu{width:500px;top:70px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.jzXSTA .menu{display:none;}} .jzXSTA .menu ul{list-style-type:none;text-align:center;padding:0;margin:0;} @media (min-width:768px){.jzXSTA .menu ul{padding:0;border-left:1px solid #e3e3e3;}} .jzXSTA .menu ul li a{color:#4a4a4a;padding:10px;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:block;border-bottom:1px solid #e3e3e3;} .jzXSTA .menu .button_wrap{width:90%;margin:10px auto;border-radius:5px;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;} @media (min-width:768px){.jzXSTA .menu .button_wrap{display:none;}} .jzXSTA .menu .button__publishing{background-color:#6ba439;color:#fff;border-color:#6ba439;} .jzXSTA .menu .button__login{display:none;background-color:#fff;color:#4D8A17;border-color:#e3e3e3;} .jzXSTA.headerUp{-webkit-transform:translateY(-100%);-ms-transform:translateY(-100%);transform:translateY(-100%);} /* sc-component-id: sc-jzJRlG */ .jGJLow{-webkit-box-pack:end;-webkit-justify-content:flex-end;-ms-flex-pack:end;justify-content:flex-end;} .jGJLow a{padding:10px;} .jGJLow nav{-webkit-align-self:center;-ms-flex-item-align:center;align-self:center;} @media (max-width:991px){.jGJLow nav{display:none;}} .jGJLow nav ul{margin-right:16px;} .jGJLow nav ul li a{color:#4a4a4a;padding:10px 0px 4px;margin:0 6px;} @media (max-width:991px){.jGJLow .icon-themeable{border-left:1px solid #e3e3e3;padding:23px 20px;}} @media (max-width:767px){.jGJLow .icon-themeable{padding:18px 20px;}} @media (max-width:767.5px){.jGJLow.mobileButtonFlex{-ms-flex:0 0 51%;-webkit-flex:0 0 51%;-ms-flex:0 0 51%;flex:0 0 51%;max-width:51%;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-cSHVUG */ .ldSkVQ{display:none;padding:0;background-color:#fff;border:none;height:59px;} @media (min-width:768px){.ldSkVQ{height:69px;}} .ldSkVQ img{box-sizing:content-box;width:28px;padding:17px 20px;} @media (min-width:768px){.ldSkVQ img{padding:22px 20px;}} @media (max-width:991px){.ldSkVQ{display:inline-block;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-kAzzGY */ .epRoim a{display:inline-block;padding:15px 0;} @media (max-width:767px){.epRoim a{padding:10px 0;}} @media (max-width:767.5px){.epRoim.mobileLogoFlex{-ms-flex:0 0 49%;-webkit-flex:0 0 49%;-ms-flex:0 0 49%;flex:0 0 49%;max-width:49%;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-chPdSV */ .hbVEoI{border:none;height:50px;background-color:#fff;margin:10px 0 0 17px;position:relative;} @media (max-width:991.5px){.hbVEoI{margin:0 3px 0 16px;padding:0;height:69px;}} @media (max-width:767.5px){.hbVEoI{height:59px;}} .hbVEoI img{box-sizing:content-box;} .hbVEoI .icon__cross{width:24px;height:24px;} @media (min-width:768px){.hbVEoI .icon__cross{padding:23px 20px;}} @media (min-width:992px){.hbVEoI .icon__cross{padding:0px;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-ckVGcZ */ .gjctdt{vertical-align:middle;height:39px;} @media (max-width:401px){.gjctdt{max-width:100%;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-jKJlTe */ .inBNwS{background-color:#0d2934;font-size:16px;position:relative;z-index:3;} @media (max-width:991px){.inBNwS{z-index:0;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-eNQAEJ */ .dkutRV{border-bottom :1px solid;border-color:#828282;padding:29px 40px 30px 40px;} @media (min-width:992px){.dkutRV{padding:40px 40px 40px 35px;}} .dkutRV .primary__footer .mobile{display:block;} .dkutRV .primary__footer .desktop{display:none;} @media (min-width:992px){.dkutRV .primary__footer{-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;}.dkutRV .primary__footer .mobile{display:none;}.dkutRV .primary__footer .desktop{display:block;}} @media (min-width:992px){.dkutRV .col5{-webkit-flex:0 0 18%;-ms-flex:0 0 18%;flex:0 0 18%;max-width:18%;}} .dkutRV address{font-style:inherit;line-height:1.5;font-size:16px;display:none;border-right:1px solid #EBEBEB;} @media (max-width:767px){.dkutRV address{border-bottom:1px solid #E3E3E3;padding-bottom:20px;}} @media (min-width:992px){.dkutRV address{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;-webkit-box-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;margin-right:50px;}} @media (min-width:1200px){.dkutRV address{margin-right:70px;}} .dkutRV address p{margin:0;font-size:14px;} @media (max-width:767px){.dkutRV address p{text-align:center;}} @media (min-width:1200px){.dkutRV address p{font-size:16px;}} .dkutRV nav ul{list-style:none;padding:0;line-height:2;font-size:16px;margin:18px 0 0 0;} .dkutRV nav ul:first-child{margin:0;} @media (min-width:992px){.dkutRV nav ul{margin:0;}} .dkutRV nav ul li{line-height:22px;padding:5px;} .dkutRV nav ul li a{color:#d8d8d8;font-weight:500;display:block;font-size:16px;} .dkutRV nav ul li img{padding:2.5px 0 0 10px;box-sizing:content-box;-webkit-transform:rotate(180deg);-ms-transform:rotate(180deg);transform:rotate(180deg);} /* sc-component-id: sc-hMqMXs */ .hlGpbO{padding-top:6px;color:#FFFFFF;font-weight:500;margin-bottom:29px;} @media (min-width:992px){.hlGpbO{-webkit-flex:0 0 25%;-ms-flex:0 0 25%;flex:0 0 25%;max-width:-webkit-fit-content;max-width:-moz-fit-content;max-width:fit-content;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-kEYyzF */ .ecHxGW{margin-right:20px;} .ecHxGW:last-child{margin-right:0;} /* sc-component-id: sc-kkGfuU */ .filPdg{margin-top:15px;} /* sc-component-id: sc-iAyFgw */ .gCiATD{line-height:30px;font-size:11px;padding:10px 20px;text-align:center;} .gCiATD .textright{text-align:right;font-weight:500;} @media (max-width:767px){.gCiATD .textright{text-align:center;}} @media (min-width:992px){.gCiATD .textright{font-weight:100;}} .gCiATD a{font-size:13px;color:#fff;} /* sc-component-id: sc-hSdWYo */ .etauus{display:inline-block;background-color:#fff;color:#4D8A17;border-color:#E3E3E3;width:auto;border-radius:5px;font-size:16px;border-width:1px;border-style:solid;} .etauus:focus-visible{outline-width:3px;outline-color:#8fc9ff;outline-style:solid;} /* sc-component-id: sc-eHgmQL */ .fTkdCR{font-size:22px;color:#000;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.fTkdCR{font-size:24px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.fTkdCR{font-size:25px;}} .fTkdCR:after{content:'';display:inline-block;margin-top:0.2em;margin-left:0.5em;} /* sc-component-id: sc-iRbamj */ .jZOxOO{font-size:30px;font-weight:500;-webkit-letter-spacing:1px;-moz-letter-spacing:1px;-ms-letter-spacing:1px;letter-spacing:1px;line-height:1;margin-top:0;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.jZOxOO{font-size:40px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.jZOxOO{font-size:40px;}} .jZOxOO sup,.jZOxOO sub{vertical-align:baseline;position:relative;top:-10px;} .jZOxOO sub{top:10px;} /* sc-component-id: sc-Rmtcm */ .hNPrIr{font-size:20px;font-weight:500;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:15px;} /* sc-component-id: sc-bRBYWo */ .fXBKFa{display:inline-block;} @media (max-width:991.5px){.fXBKFa{width:100%;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.fXBKFa.hide{display:none !important;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-hzDkRC */ .bnbfTS{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;-webkit-flex:wrap;-ms-flex:wrap;flex:wrap;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;list-style-type:none;margin:0;width:100%;padding:0 !important;border-top:1px solid #fff;} .bnbfTS li{width:100%;text-align:center;box-sizing:border-box;padding:17px 0px;min-height:48px;} .bnbfTS li a{display:block;} .bnbfTS .iconBorder{border-right:1px solid #fff;} .bnbfTS img{width:23px;} .bnbfTS img.socialLinkedin{width:28px;} .bnbfTS .wechat-container{position:relative;} .bnbfTS .wechat-container .addthis_inline_share_toolbox{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;opacity:0 !important;} /* sc-component-id: sc-jtRfpW */ .hHKuAX{background-color:#6BA439;color:#fff;padding:20px;line-height:22px !important;border-radius:0;border-top:1px solid #fff;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;min-height:60px;} .hHKuAX img{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;-webkit-align-self:center;-ms-flex-item-align:center;align-self:center;} .hHKuAX span{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-self:center;-ms-flex-item-align:center;align-self:center;} .hHKuAX span.text{padding-left:20px;font-weight:500;} @media (max-width:360px){.hHKuAX span.text{padding-left:5px;font-size:14px;}} @media (min-width:320px) and (max-width:767.5px){.hHKuAX span.text{padding-left:20px;}}.dIjoCg{background-color:#F2F2F2;color:#4A4A4A;padding:20px;line-height:22px !important;border-radius:0;border-top:1px solid #E3E3E3;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;min-height:60px;} .dIjoCg img{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-webkit-inline-flex;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;-webkit-align-self:center;-ms-flex-item-align:center;align-self:center;} .dIjoCg span{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-self:center;-ms-flex-item-align:center;align-self:center;} .dIjoCg span.text{padding-left:20px;font-weight:500;} @media (max-width:360px){.dIjoCg span.text{padding-left:5px;font-size:14px;}} @media (min-width:320px) and (max-width:767.5px){.dIjoCg span.text{padding-left:20px;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-kTUwUJ */ .eujois{width:20px;} /* sc-component-id: sc-dqBHgY */ .cQgXqt{width:20px;height:16px;color:#6ba439;} /* sc-component-id: sc-cbkKFq */ .kuxTps{-webkit-transition:-webkit-transform 0.5s;-webkit-transition:transform 0.5s;transition:transform 0.5s;position:fixed;top:60px;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.kuxTps{position:fixed;top:70px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.kuxTps{position:fixed;top:70px;}}.prcY{-webkit-transition:-webkit-transform 0.5s;-webkit-transition:transform 0.5s;transition:transform 0.5s;top:0px;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.prcY{top:0px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.prcY{position:fixed;top:241px;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-hGoxap */ .dEfJbW{position:relative;background:#007d8d;} @media (max-width:991px){.dEfJbW{z-index:2;}} @media (min-width:767.5px) and (max-width:991.5px){.dEfJbW{width:50%;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.dEfJbW{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:end;-webkit-justify-content:flex-end;-ms-flex-pack:end;justify-content:flex-end;border-top:1px solid white;}} .dEfJbW.isHide{display:none;} @media (min-width:991.5px){.dEfJbW.isHide{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;}} .dEfJbW .submit__button{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;box-shadow:0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,.5);padding:0 20px;min-height:45px;} .dEfJbW .submit__button span.text{font-size:16px;} .dEfJbW .submit__button img{width:20px;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.dEfJbW .submit__button{min-height:58px;}.dEfJbW .submit__button img{width:22px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.dEfJbW .submit__button{display:none;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-fjmCvl */ .fSPaCp{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;width:100%;font-size:16px;font-weight:500;color:#fff;background-color:#007d8d;line-height:20px;padding:10px 20px;border:0;border-radius:0;border-top:1px solid #fff;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;margin:0;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.fSPaCp{padding:16px 20px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.fSPaCp{border-top:none;border-right:1px solid #fff;padding:14.5px 15px;font-size:14px;}} @media (min-width:1200px){.fSPaCp{padding:14.5px 20px;font-size:16px;}} .fSPaCp .icon__inactive{-webkit-transform:rotateZ(-90deg);-ms-transform:rotateZ(-90deg);transform:rotateZ(-90deg);line-height:20px;} @media (min-width:991.5px){.fSPaCp .icon__inactive{-webkit-transform:rotateZ(0);-ms-transform:rotateZ(0);transform:rotateZ(0);}} .fSPaCp.button__active{background:#fff;color:#4A4A4A;} @media (min-width:767.5px) and (max-width:991.5px){.fSPaCp.button__active{border-right:1px solid #007f8f;}} .fSPaCp .icon__active{-webkit-transform:rotateZ(-90deg);-ms-transform:rotateZ(-90deg);transform:rotateZ(-90deg);line-height:20px;} @media (min-width:991.5px){.fSPaCp .icon__active{-webkit-transform:rotate(0);-ms-transform:rotate(0);transform:rotate(0);}} .fSPaCp .icon__hidden{display:none;}.bVEEaH{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;width:100%;font-size:16px;font-weight:500;color:#fff;background-color:#007d8d;line-height:20px;padding:10px 20px;border:0;border-radius:0;border-top:1px solid #fff;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;margin:0;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.bVEEaH{padding:16px 20px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.bVEEaH{border-top:none;border-right:0;padding:14.5px 15px;font-size:14px;}} @media (min-width:1200px){.bVEEaH{padding:14.5px 20px;font-size:16px;}} .bVEEaH .icon__inactive{-webkit-transform:rotateZ(-90deg);-ms-transform:rotateZ(-90deg);transform:rotateZ(-90deg);line-height:20px;} @media (min-width:991.5px){.bVEEaH .icon__inactive{-webkit-transform:rotateZ(0);-ms-transform:rotateZ(0);transform:rotateZ(0);}} .bVEEaH.button__active{background:#fff;color:#4A4A4A;} @media (min-width:767.5px) and (max-width:991.5px){.bVEEaH.button__active{border-right:1px solid #007f8f;}} .bVEEaH .icon__active{-webkit-transform:rotateZ(-90deg);-ms-transform:rotateZ(-90deg);transform:rotateZ(-90deg);line-height:20px;} @media (min-width:991.5px){.bVEEaH .icon__active{-webkit-transform:rotate(0);-ms-transform:rotate(0);transform:rotate(0);}} .bVEEaH .icon__hidden{display:none;} /* sc-component-id: sc-TFwJa */ .gCIfTO{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;width:100%;font-size:16px;font-weight:500;color:#fff;background-color:#007d8d;line-height:20px;padding:10px 20px;border:0;border-radius:0;border-top:1px solid #fff;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.gCIfTO{padding:16px 20px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.gCIfTO{-webkit-transition:all 0.25s;transition:all 0.25s;border-top:none;border-right:1px solid #fff;border-left:0;padding:14.5px 30px 14.5px 20px;width:calc(100% / 6);font-size:14px;}.gCIfTO:hover{background:#fff;color:#4A4A4A;}} @media (min-width:1200px){.gCIfTO{font-size:16px;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-bHwgHz */ .ctePXh{width:18px;margin-right:-4px;} @media (min-width:991.5px){.ctePXh{width:7px;font-size:7px;}} @media (min-width:1200px){.ctePXh{width:18px;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-krDsej */ .ewCAZX{position:absolute;top:0;width:calc(100% - 20px);right:0;bottom:0;background:#fff;-webkit-transition:-webkit-transform 0.5s;-webkit-transition:transform 0.5s;transition:transform 0.5s;min-height:290px;box-shadow:0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.5);} .ewCAZX.hide__submenu{-webkit-transform:translateX(100%);-ms-transform:translateX(100%);transform:translateX(100%);} @media (min-width:767.5px){.ewCAZX.hide__submenu{-webkit-transform:translateX(-200%);-ms-transform:translateX(-200%);transform:translateX(-200%);}} @media (min-width:767.5px){.ewCAZX{left:100%;width:100%;padding-top:20px;z-index:-1;min-height:375px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.ewCAZX{display:none;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-dTdPqK */ .lkWWFY{-webkit-transition:-webkit-transform 0.5s;-webkit-transition:transform 0.5s;transition:transform 0.5s;display:none;} @media (min-width:991.5px){.lkWWFY.hide__submenu{-webkit-transform:translateY(-300%);-ms-transform:translateY(-300%);transform:translateY(-300%);}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.lkWWFY{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;height:186px;top:49px;left:0;position:absolute;right:0;background:#fff;z-index:-1;box-shadow:0 4px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.21);}} /* sc-component-id: sc-itybZL */ .kdvWPs{font-weight:700;border:0;color:#4A4A4A;padding:10px 0;background-color:#fff;font-size:16px;line-height:20px;} .kdvWPs:focus-visible{outline-width:3px;outline-color:#8fc9ff;outline-style:solid;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.kdvWPs{display:none;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-fzsDOv */ .hAFFGk{margin:0px 10px 2px 20px;-webkit-transform:rotate(90deg);-ms-transform:rotate(90deg);transform:rotate(90deg);display:inline-block;} /* sc-component-id: sc-gPWkxV */ .legory{width:50%;} /* sc-component-id: sc-jVODtj */ .epgILe{color:#007B8B;width:50%;font-size:16px;line-height:26px;margin:auto;padding:0 6%;} /* sc-component-id: sc-kUaPvJ */ .ehYbwJ{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;width:50%;padding:24.5px 2% 0;-webkit-order:0;-ms-flex-order:0;order:0;} @media (min-width:1024px){.ehYbwJ{padding:24.5px 3% 0;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-giadOv */ .eBepOs{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;width:100%;} @media (min-width:991.5px){.eBepOs{width:calc(100% / 6);}.eBepOs:first-child{border-left:none;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-fONwsr */ .kCfRMJ{background-color:#D8D8D8;position:absolute;left:50%;display:inline-block;height:121px;width:2px;top:33px;} /* sc-component-id: sc-LKuAh */ .lcOiDF{padding:0;margin:10px 0 25px 0;} /* sc-component-id: sc-iBEsjs */ .kPshFw{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;border:none;font-size:12px;font-weight:500;margin-top:7px;padding:0;color:#4D8A17;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:pointer;} .kPshFw:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.kPshFw{margin-top:10px;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-hzNEM */ .gsmOCv{overflow-y:hidden;height:auto;max-height:100%;-webkit-transition:all .5s;transition:all .5s;background-color:#F2F2F2;padding:0 16px;} .gsmOCv.isHide{max-height:0;-webkit-transition:all .5s;transition:all .5s;} .gsmOCv p{font-size:14px;line-height:22px;} .gsmOCv sup{margin-top:-5px;} /* sc-component-id: sc-chbbiW */ .mBGSe{padding:0;} /* sc-component-id: sc-kxynE */ .fgGykB{margin-top:30px;} @media (min-width:991.5px){.fgGykB{margin-top:0;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-cooIXK */ .gQxyld{background:#FF9014;color:white;font-size:14px;font-weight:bold;padding:5px;} /* sc-component-id: sc-fcdeBU */ .bVtmCk{font-size:14px;margin:15px 0 5px;} @media (min-width:768px){.bVtmCk{font-size:14px;}} @media (min-width:992px){.bVtmCk{font-size:20px;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-gmeYpB */ .hSHJbi{font-size:12px;} /* sc-component-id: sc-kZmsYB */ .bkiEfx{font-size:14px;font-weight:700;line-height:16px;-webkit-letter-spacing:0.58px;-moz-letter-spacing:0.58px;-ms-letter-spacing:0.58px;letter-spacing:0.58px;margin:23px 0 0px !important;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.bkiEfx{margin:34px 0 0px !important;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.bkiEfx{margin:-4px 0 0 !important;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-RcBXQ */ .ztvYg{font-size:14px;line-height:22px;} .ztvYg a{color:#4D8A17;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:pointer;} .ztvYg a:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;} /* sc-component-id: sc-iSDuPN */ @font-face{font-family:'STIXGeneral-Bold';src:url('https://static-01.hindawi.com/next_assets/wyT4heYybLmt1UEJexPE9/_next/static/node_modules/hindawi-ui/fonts/STIXGeneral-Bold.otf');font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;} .kEVvRd{font-weight:700;font-family:STIXGeneral-Bold;margin:19px 0 22px;font-size:25px;line-height:28px;-webkit-letter-spacing:normal;-moz-letter-spacing:normal;-ms-letter-spacing:normal;letter-spacing:normal;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.kEVvRd{font-size:25px;margin:20px 0 23px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.kEVvRd{font-size:30px;line-height:34px;margin:19px 0 22px;}} .kEVvRd p{margin:0;} /* sc-component-id: sc-fZwumE */ .cUsFHx{padding:0 3px;} /* sc-component-id: sc-fQejPQ */ .duuwge{font-size:14px;} .duuwge:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;} /* sc-component-id: sc-clNaTc */ .ktFfKO{border:none;border-top:1px solid #E3E3E3;height:2px;margin:15px 0;} /* sc-component-id: sc-jtRlXQ */ @font-face{font-family:'STIXGeneral-Regular';src:url('https://static-01.hindawi.com/next_assets/wyT4heYybLmt1UEJexPE9/_next/static/node_modules/hindawi-ui/fonts/STIXGeneral-Regular.otf');font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;} @font-face{src:url('https://static-01.hindawi.com/next_assets/wyT4heYybLmt1UEJexPE9/_next/static/node_modules/hindawi-ui/fonts/STIXGeneral-Regular.otf');font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;} @font-face{font-family:'STIXGeneral-Regular';src:url('https://static-01.hindawi.com/next_assets/wyT4heYybLmt1UEJexPE9/_next/static/node_modules/hindawi-ui/fonts/STIXGeneral-Regular.otf');font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;} .gvEcCq{font-family:STIXGeneral-Regular;text-align:justify;} .gvEcCq a{word-break:break-all;} .gvEcCq h4:first-of-type{border-top:0px solid #E3E3E3;padding-top:0;} .gvEcCq h4{font-size:20px;font-family:"IBM Plex Sans",sans-serif;border-top:1px solid #E3E3E3;padding-top:23px;margin-top:15px;margin-bottom:-3px;} .gvEcCq h4#abstract{margin-top:-7px;margin-bottom:-3px;} @media (min-width:767.5){.gvEcCq h4#abstract{margin-top:-6px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.gvEcCq h4#abstract{margin-top:34px;}} .gvEcCq h4.references,.gvEcCq h4.copyright{border-top:1px solid #E3E3E3;padding-top:23px;} .gvEcCq h4.references{margin-bottom:-8px;} .gvEcCq h5,.gvEcCq h6{margin:22px 0;font-size:16px;word-break:break-word;} .gvEcCq h6{margin:25px 0;text-align:left;} .gvEcCq p{font-size:16px;word-break:break-word;} .gvEcCq .floats-partial-section{border:1px solid #E3E3E3;margin:25px auto;} @media (max-width:767px){.gvEcCq .floats-partial-section{margin:0 auto;overflow-x:hidden;}} .gvEcCq .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-content{padding:19px 0px 19px 0px;height:254px;width:96%;overflow:hidden;margin:0 auto;position:relative;cursor:pointer;} .gvEcCq .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-content table{margin:0 auto;} .gvEcCq .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-content .table-group{width:-webkit-fit-content;width:-moz-fit-content;width:fit-content;} .gvEcCq .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-content .table-group table{width:-webkit-fit-content;width:-moz-fit-content;width:fit-content;} .gvEcCq .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-content .table-group table object{z-index:-1;position:relative;} .gvEcCq .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-content .table-group table td{padding:4px 7px;} .gvEcCq .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-content .table-group table td.align_left{text-align:left;} .gvEcCq .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-content .table-group table td.align_center{text-align:center;} @media (min-width:768px){.gvEcCq .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-content{padding:22px 0px 0 0px;height:197px;}} @media (min-width:992px){.gvEcCq .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-content{padding:23px 0px 13px 0px;height:215px;}} .gvEcCq .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-content:after{content:"";height:20%;position:absolute;bottom:0;right:0;left:0;background:-moz-linear-gradient(left,rgba(255,255,255,.7) 0%,rgba(255,255,255,.7) 56%,rgba(255,255,255,.7) 100%);background:-webkit-gradient(linear,left top,right top,color-stop(0%,rgba(255,255,255,.7)),color-stop(56%,rgba(255,255,255,.7)),color-stop(100%,rgba(255,255,255,.7)));background:-webkit-linear-gradient(rgba(255,255,255,0) 0%,rgba(255,255,255,0.5) 30%,rgba(255,255,255,0.7) 56%,rgba(255,255,255,0.9) 75%,rgba(255,255,255,1) 100%);background:-o-linear-gradient(left,rgba(255,255,255,.7) 0%,rgba(255,255,255,.7) 56%,rgba(255,255,255,.7) 100%);background:-ms-linear-gradient(left,rgba(255,255,255,.7) 0%,rgba(255,255,255,.7) 56%,rgba(255,255,255,.7) 100%);background:linear-gradient(left,rgba(255,255,255,.7) 0%,rgba(255,255,255,.7) 56%,rgba(255,255,255,.7) 100%);-webkit-filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient( startColorstr='#00ffffff',endColorstr='#ffffff',GradientType=1 );filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient( startColorstr='#00ffffff',endColorstr='#ffffff',GradientType=1 );} .gvEcCq .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer{background-color:#F2F2F2;border-top:1px solid #E3E3E3;} .gvEcCq .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:end;-webkit-justify-content:flex-end;-ms-flex-pack:end;justify-content:flex-end;} .gvEcCq .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .minimize_btn{-webkit-flex:1;-ms-flex:1;flex:1;background:url('data:image/svg+xml;base64,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') no-repeat 6px;background-position:center;margin-top:10px;min-width:55px;} @media (min-width:768px){.gvEcCq .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .minimize_btn{display:none;}} .gvEcCq .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .expand_btn{-webkit-flex:1;-ms-flex:1;flex:1;background:url('data:image/svg+xml;base64,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') no-repeat 6px;background-position:center;margin-top:10px;min-width:55px;display:none;} @media (min-width:768px){.gvEcCq .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .expand_btn{display:none;}} .gvEcCq .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-text{-webkit-flex:9;-ms-flex:9;flex:9;text-align:left;padding:21px 37px 10px 0px;font-size:16px;font-weight:700;} @media (min-width:768px){.gvEcCq .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-text{padding:19px 18px 10px 18px;}} @media (min-width:992px){.gvEcCq .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-text{padding:19px 21px 10px 21px;}} .gvEcCq .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-partial-url{-webkit-flex:1;-ms-flex:1;flex:1;background:url('data:image/svg+xml;base64,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') no-repeat 6px;background-position:center;padding:16px 0 16px 0;min-width:62px;max-width:62px;} @media (min-width:768px){.gvEcCq .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-partial-url{padding:16px 0 17px 0;min-width:52px;max-width:52px;}} @media (min-width:992px){.gvEcCq .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-partial-url{padding:15px 0 17px 0;min-width:60px;max-width:60px;}} .gvEcCq .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-partial-url:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;} .gvEcCq .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption-text{font-size:14px;padding:0px 18px 17px 22px;} @media (min-width:768px){.gvEcCq .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption-text{padding:0px 15px 15px 18px;}} @media (min-width:992px){.gvEcCq .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption-text{padding:0px 18px 19px 21px;}} .gvEcCq .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption-text figcaption{margin:0;padding:0;} .gvEcCq .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption-text svg{max-width:100%;} .gvEcCq ol{font-size:16px;padding-left:32px;font-family:STIXGeneral-Regular;line-height:24px;margin:15px 0;} .gvEcCq ol li{margin:10px 0;padding-left:10px;word-break:normal;} .gvEcCq ol li a{word-break:break-all;} .gvEcCq ol li .reflinks{display:block;} .gvEcCq ol li .reflinks a{color:#4D8A17;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:pointer;} .gvEcCq ol li .reflinks a:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;} .gvEcCq ol li .reflinks .sep{color:#000000;} .gvEcCq .table-wrapper{width:auto;overflow-x:auto;} .gvEcCq .table-wrapper::-webkit-scrollbar{-webkit-appearance:none;width:5px;height:5px;} .gvEcCq .table-wrapper::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb{border-radius:5px;background-color:rgba(0,0,0,.5);-webkit-box-shadow:0 0 1px rgba(255,255,255,.5);} @media (min-width:768px){.gvEcCq .table-wrapper{overflow-x:auto;width:auto;-webkit-break-word:word-break;break-word:word-break;margin:0 auto;}} @media (min-width:992px){.gvEcCq .table-wrapper{width:auto;}} @media (min-width:1324px){.gvEcCq .table-wrapper{width:auto;}} @media (min-width:320px){.gvEcCq{margin-bottom:33px;padding:0;}} @media (min-width:992px){.gvEcCq{padding:0;margin-bottom:100px;}} @media (min-width:1325px){.gvEcCq{margin-bottom:100px;}} .gvEcCq .owl-stage{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;} .gvEcCq .floats-partial-middle--thumbs{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;} .gvEcCq .floats-partial-middle--thumbs .partial-carousel-dot svg{fill:#4D8A17;} .gvEcCq .floats-partial-middle--thumbs .partial-carousel-dot strong{color:#4D8A17;font-weight:500;} .gvEcCq .floats-partial-middle--thumbs .partial-carousel-dot.active strong{color:#007B8B;} .gvEcCq .floats-partial-middle--thumbs .partial-carousel-dot.active svg{fill:#007B8B;} .gvEcCq .floats-partial-middle--thumbs .partial-carousel-dot .nowrap{white-space:nowrap;} .gvEcCq .partial-carousel-dot{text-align:center;cursor:pointer;border:0;width:100px;padding-bottom:20px;background-color:#fff;display:table-cell;} .gvEcCq .partial-carousel-dot:focus-visible{outline-offset:-3px;} .gvEcCq .partial-carousel-dot strong{font-size:11px;padding-top:12px;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.gvEcCq .partial-carousel-dot strong{font-size:16px;}} .gvEcCq .partial-carousel-dot img{width:90px;height:90px;border:1px solid #979797;margin:10px 0;} .gvEcCq .partial-carousel-wrapper .floats-partial-middle{border-top:1px solid #e3e3e3;display:block;margin-bottom:50px;padding-top:1px;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.gvEcCq .partial-carousel-wrapper .floats-partial-middle{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;margin-bottom:0;}} .gvEcCq .partial-carousel--single-image{overflow:hidden;text-align:center;} .gvEcCq .partial-carousel--single-image img{width:100%;max-height:239px;height:auto;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.gvEcCq .partial-carousel--single-image img{max-height:357px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.gvEcCq .partial-carousel--single-image img{max-height:417px;}} .gvEcCq .partial-carousel--single-image strong{font-size:11px;padding-top:12px;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.gvEcCq .partial-carousel--single-image strong{font-size:16px;}} .gvEcCq .owl-nav,.gvEcCq .owl-dots{display:none;} .gvEcCq .partial-carousel-wrapper .owl-loaded{position:relative;height:auto;max-height:287px;} @media (min-width:767.6px){.gvEcCq .partial-carousel-wrapper .owl-loaded{max-height:414px;}} @media (min-width:767.5px){.gvEcCq .partial-carousel-wrapper .owl-loaded{max-height:477px;}} .gvEcCq .partial-carousel-wrapper .floats-partial-content,.gvEcCq .owl-stage-outer,.gvEcCq .owl-stage{max-height:287px;height:auto;} @media (min-width:767.6px){.gvEcCq .partial-carousel-wrapper .floats-partial-content,.gvEcCq .owl-stage-outer,.gvEcCq .owl-stage{max-height:414px;}} @media (min-width:767.5px){.gvEcCq .partial-carousel-wrapper .floats-partial-content,.gvEcCq .owl-stage-outer,.gvEcCq .owl-stage{max-height:477px;}} .gvEcCq .partial-carousel-wrapper .floats-partial-content::after,.gvEcCq .owl-stage-outer::after,.gvEcCq .owl-stage::after{background:transparent;} .gvEcCq .partial-carousel-wrapper .floats-partial-middle--thumbs{width:100%;overflow-x:auto;-webkit-align-items:self-start;-webkit-box-align:self-start;-ms-flex-align:self-start;align-items:self-start;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.gvEcCq .partial-carousel-wrapper .floats-partial-middle--thumbs{width:calc(100% - 110px);}} .gvEcCq .partial-carousel-wrapper .floats-partial-middle--nav{width:100%;position:relative;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.gvEcCq .partial-carousel-wrapper .floats-partial-middle--nav{width:20%;}} .gvEcCq .floats-partial-middle{position:relative;} .gvEcCq .partial-carousel-wrapper .carousel-prev{background:url('data:image/svg+xml;base64,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') no-repeat 17.5px;height:50px;width:61px;display:inline-block;border:0;border-right:1px solid #E3E3E3;padding:0;cursor:pointer;background-position-y:54.35%;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.gvEcCq .partial-carousel-wrapper .carousel-prev{width:51px;background-position-x:8px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.gvEcCq .partial-carousel-wrapper .carousel-prev{width:59px;background-position-x:16px;}} .gvEcCq .partial-carousel-wrapper .carousel-next{background:url('data:image/svg+xml;base64,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') no-repeat 18.5px;height:52px;width:61px;display:inline-block;padding:0px;cursor:pointer;border:0;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.gvEcCq .partial-carousel-wrapper .carousel-next{width:51px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.gvEcCq .partial-carousel-wrapper .carousel-next{width:59px;}} .gvEcCq .partial-carousel-wrapper .partial-carousel-next-prev{position:absolute;right:0;bottom:-50px;height:50px;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.gvEcCq .partial-carousel-wrapper .partial-carousel-next-prev{bottom:0;}} .gvEcCq .partial-carousel-wrapper .floats-partial-content{padding:12px;} .gvEcCq .partial-carousel-wrapper .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-partial-url{border-left:none;} .gvEcCq .partial-other-wrapper[data-section*="tab"] .floats-partial-content{display:none;} .gvEcCq .partial-other-wrapper[data-section*="tab"] .floats-partial-footer{background-image:url(https://w2o-xhtml-parsed-preprod.s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/table_thumb.svg);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-position:17px 17px;background-size:100px 70px;border-top:none;min-height:110px;position:relative;} .gvEcCq .partial-other-wrapper[data-section*="tab"] .floats-partial-footer .table-thumb-overlay{cursor:pointer;position:absolute;left:17px;top:17px;height:70px;width:100px;} .gvEcCq .partial-other-wrapper[data-section*="tab"] .floats-partial-footer .caption-text{padding-left:137px;padding-right:0px;position:relative;} .gvEcCq .partial-other-wrapper[data-section*="tab"] .floats-partial-footer .caption-text .caption-text-overlay{cursor:pointer;position:absolute;top:20px;left:135px;height:20px;width:60px;} .gvEcCq .partial-other-wrapper[data-section*="tab"] .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption-text{color:black;display:block !important;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;width:auto;margin-left:140px;margin-right:20px;padding:0px 0px 15px 0px;width:-webkit-fit-content;width:-moz-fit-content;width:fit-content;} .gvEcCq .partial-other-wrapper[data-section*="tab"] .floats-partial-footer .minimize_btn{display:none !important;} .gvEcCq .partial-other-wrapper[data-section*="tab"] .floats-partial-footer .expand_btn{display:none !important;} @media (max-width:567px){.gvEcCq .partial-other-wrapper[data-section*="tab"] .floats-partial-footer{background-size:60px 45px;}.gvEcCq .partial-other-wrapper[data-section*="tab"] .floats-partial-footer .table-thumb-overlay{height:45px;width:60px;}.gvEcCq .partial-other-wrapper[data-section*="tab"] .floats-partial-footer .caption-text{padding:30px 0px 15px 95px;}.gvEcCq .partial-other-wrapper[data-section*="tab"] .floats-partial-footer .caption-text .caption-text-overlay{top:30px;left:95px;}.gvEcCq .partial-other-wrapper[data-section*="tab"] .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption-text{margin:0px 20px;}} .gvEcCq .owl-item{overflow-y:hidden;margin-bottom:0;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;} .gvEcCq .supplementary--docs{display:-ms-flexbox;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;padding-left:2em;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.gvEcCq .supplementary--docs{padding-left:1em;}} .gvEcCq .supplementary--docs li{-ms-flex:0 0 100%;-webkit-flex:0 0 100%;-ms-flex:0 0 100%;flex:0 0 100%;max-width:100%;} @media (min-width:991.5px){.gvEcCq .supplementary--docs li{-ms-flex:0 0 50%;-webkit-flex:0 0 50%;-ms-flex:0 0 50%;flex:0 0 50%;max-width:50%;}} .gvEcCq .supplementary--docs li a::after{content:'';background :url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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) no-repeat 5px;padding-right:35px;background-size:14px;} .gvEcCq .dataset-section .supplementary--dpis-desc{padding-left:19px;} .gvEcCq .dataset-section .supplementary--dpis-desc p{margin:10px 0;} .gvEcCq .table-group.fixed-width,.gvEcCq .table-group.sidewaystable{min-width:auto;} .gvEcCq .noliststyle{padding-left:1em;} .gvEcCq .noliststyle li{padding-left:0;} .gvEcCq .xml-content > hr{display:none;} .gvEcCq sup,.gvEcCq sub{vertical-align:baseline;position:relative;top:5px;} .gvEcCq sup{top:-5px;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.gvEcCq a{position:relative;}} .gvEcCq a div.tooltip{cursor:auto;position:absolute;width:280px;background:#fff;border:1px solid #adadad;padding:20px;margin:0;display:none;z-index:2;color:#000;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.gvEcCq a div.tooltip{width:400px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.gvEcCq a div.tooltip{width:572px;}} .gvEcCq a div.tooltip .cross{position:absolute;right:10px;top:10px;display:block;height:14px;width:14px;cursor:pointer;} .gvEcCq a div.tooltip ol{margin:0;padding:0 0 10px 20px;} .gvEcCq a div.tooltip ol li{text-align:left;margin:0;} .gvEcCq a div.tooltip.left{left:20px;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.gvEcCq a div.tooltip.left{left:-20px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.gvEcCq a div.tooltip.left{left:-100px;}} .gvEcCq a div.tooltip.right{right:20px;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.gvEcCq a div.tooltip.right{right:-20px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.gvEcCq a div.tooltip.right{right:-100px;}} .gvEcCq a div.tooltip a.seeRef{padding-left:30px;} .gvEcCq .gloss-abbr tr td:first-child{white-space:nowrap;} .gvEcCq table.algorithm td{word-break:keep-all;} .gvEcCq h4#copyright + p a{word-break:break-word;} /* sc-component-id: sc-bGbJRg */ .dVCLgr{width:100%;} @media (min-width:991.5px){.dVCLgr{width:19%;}} @media (min-width:1280px){.dVCLgr{width:24%;max-width:350px;}} .dVCLgr p{border:1px solid #E3E3E3;} /* sc-component-id: sc-bEjcJn */ .jLUVhb{-webkit-flex:1 0 30%;-ms-flex:1 0 30%;flex:1 0 30%;list-style:none;padding:0;-webkit-transition:-webkit-transform 0.5s;-webkit-transition:transform 0.5s;transition:transform 0.5s;} @media (min-width:320px) and (max-width:991.5px){.jLUVhb{position:fixed;width:100%;z-index:2;margin:0;margin-top:50px;top:169px;max-height:calc(100vh - 165px);overflow-y:auto;}} @media (min-width:767.5px) and (max-width:991.5px){.jLUVhb{top:179px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px) and (max-width:1200px){.jLUVhb{max-width:354px;-webkit-flex:1 0 20%;-ms-flex:1 0 20%;flex:1 0 20%;}} @media (min-width:1200px){.jLUVhb{-webkit-flex:1 0 25%;-ms-flex:1 0 25%;flex:1 0 25%;max-width:354px;}} .jLUVhb p{margin:0;padding:10px 0;font-size:16px;font-weight:700;line-height:24px;display:none;} @media (min-width:991.5px){.jLUVhb p{display:block;padding:10px 20px;border:1px solid #E3E3E3;border-bottom:0;}} .jLUVhb.links__hidden{display:none;} @media (min-width:991.5px){.jLUVhb.links__hidden{display:block;}} .jLUVhb.translate{-webkit-transform :translateY(-120px);-ms-transform :translateY(-120px);transform :translateY(-120px);} @media (min-width:768px){.jLUVhb.translate{-webkit-transform:translateY(-130px);-ms-transform:translateY(-130px);transform:translateY(-130px);}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.jLUVhb.translate{-webkit-transform:none;-ms-transform:none;transform:none;}.jLUVhb.translate #leftSectionMenu{-webkit-transform:translateY(-130px);-ms-transform:translateY(-130px);transform:translateY(-130px);}} /* sc-component-id: sc-ePZHVD */ .ewHMLz{color:#4A4A4A;} /* sc-component-id: sc-likbZx */ .bBmZJZ{font-size:16px;font-weight:500;line-height:20px;color:#4A4A4A;border:1px solid #E3E3E3;border-bottom:0;background-color:#f2f2f2;display:list-item;} @media (min-width:991px){.bBmZJZ{-webkit-transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;}.bBmZJZ:hover{background-color :#D8D8D8;-webkit-transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;}} .bBmZJZ:last-child{border-bottom:1px solid #E3E3E3;} .bBmZJZ a{display:block;padding:10px 20px;} /* sc-component-id: sc-eKZiaR */ .dzZrgS{position:fixed;width:100%;height:50px;color:#4D8A17;background-color:#F2F2F2;border:none;font-size:16px;line-height:18px;font-weight:500;z-index:2;top:170px;-webkit-transition:-webkit-transform 0.5s;-webkit-transition:transform 0.5s;transition:transform 0.5s;text-align:left;border-top:1px solid #FFFFFF;} @media (min-width:320px) and (max-width:991.5px){.dzZrgS{padding-left:15px;border-bottom:4px solid #FFFFFF;}.dzZrgS.is-open{border-bottom:4px solid #F2F2F2;}} @media (min-width:767.5px){.dzZrgS{top:179px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.dzZrgS{display:none;}} .dzZrgS .icon__dots{cursor:pointer;-webkit-transform:rotate(90deg) translateY(8px);-ms-transform:rotate(90deg) translateY(8px);transform:rotate(90deg) translateY(8px);margin-right:15px;} @media (min-width:991.5px){.dzZrgS .icon__dots{padding-right:20px;margin-bottom:2px;-webkit-transform:none;-ms-transform:none;transform:none;}} .dzZrgS.translate{-webkit-transform :translateY(-120px);-ms-transform :translateY(-120px);transform :translateY(-120px);top:170px;} @media(min-width:991.5px){.dzZrgS.translate{-webkit-transform :translateY(-130px) rotate(90deg);-ms-transform :translateY(-130px) rotate(90deg);transform :translateY(-130px) rotate(90deg);}} /* sc-component-id: sc-jrIrqw */ .eHMFfo{padding:0;margin:20px 0;} .eHMFfo span{font-size:14px;} .eHMFfo span.isHide{display:none;} .eHMFfo span i{font-style:italic;} .eHMFfo span i.isHide{display:none;} /* sc-component-id: sc-hjRWVT */ .irNWJI{width:16px;margin:0 2px 2px;} /* sc-component-id: sc-iQtOjA */ .kfDwZY{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;border:none;font-size:12px;font-weight:500;margin-top:7px;padding:0;color:#4D8A17;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:pointer;} .kfDwZY:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.kfDwZY{margin-top:5px;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-fHxwqH */ .dMuGGA{overflow-y:hidden;height:auto;max-height:100%;-webkit-transition:all .5s;transition:all .5s;} .dMuGGA.isHide{max-height:0;-webkit-transition:all .5s;transition:all .5s;} .dMuGGA p:first-child{margin-top:15px;} .dMuGGA p{font-size:14px;line-height:23px;display:block;} .dMuGGA sup{margin-top:-5px;} /* sc-component-id: sc-cEvuZC */ .XkrFe{border:none;border-top:1px solid #E3E3E3;height:2px;margin:15px 0;} .XkrFe.hr__author{margin-bottom:12px;} /* sc-component-id: sc-cBdUnI */ @media (min-width:320px) and (max-width:991.5px){.hRnXob{display:none;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.hRnXob{z-index:1;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-exkUMo */ .hymroZ{background-color:#6ba339;color:#ffffff;display:none;} .hymroZ span.text{padding-left:20px;} @media (min-width:991px){.hymroZ{-webkit-transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;}.hymroZ:hover{background-color :#D8D8D8;-webkit-transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-kcDeIU */ .cbcyj{background-color:#f2f2f2;color:#4a4a4a;display:none;} .cbcyj span.text{padding-left:20px;} @media (min-width:991.5px) and (max-width:1279.5px){.cbcyj{display:none !important;}} @media (min-width:991px){.cbcyj{-webkit-transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;}.cbcyj:hover{background-color :#D8D8D8;-webkit-transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.cbcyj.hide{display:none !important;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-BngTV */ .hmDWcT{background-color:#f2f2f2;color:#4a4a4a;display:none;} .hmDWcT span.text{padding-left:20px;} @media (min-width:1279.5px){.hmDWcT{display:none !important;}} @media (min-width:991px){.hmDWcT{-webkit-transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;}.hmDWcT:hover{background-color :#5D9230;-webkit-transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.hmDWcT.hide{display:none !important;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-hBbWxd */ .kdRRST{background-color:#f2f2f2;border-top:1px solid #ffffff;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;font-size:14px;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;padding:20px 55px 20px 25px;} @media (max-width:1279.5px){.kdRRST{padding-right:20px;}} @media (max-width:991.5px){.kdRRST{display:none;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-dyGzUR */ .cHatnS div{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;} .cHatnS div:last-of-type{padding-top:20px;} .cHatnS span{color:#4F4F4F;font-size:20px;font-weight:700;line-height:26px;} /* sc-component-id: sc-drKuOJ */ .kxdGAZ{-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-direction:column-reverse;-ms-flex-direction:column-reverse;flex-direction:column-reverse;height:100%;-webkit-box-pack:end;-webkit-justify-content:flex-end;-ms-flex-pack:end;justify-content:flex-end;} .kxdGAZ span{padding-top:15px;} /* sc-component-id: sc-cTjmhe */ @media (min-width:991.5px){.ihmyEq{width:100%;z-index:1;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-cugefK */ .itFKcQ{background-color:#F2F2F2;color:#4A4A4A;border-top:1px solid #FFFFFF;font-size:16px;font-weight:500;padding:20px;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;cursor:pointer;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;} @media (min-width:991px){.itFKcQ{-webkit-transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;}.itFKcQ:hover{background-color :#D8D8D8;-webkit-transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.itFKcQ.hide{display:none !important;}} .itFKcQ.active .icon-themeable{-webkit-transform:rotate(180deg);-ms-transform:rotate(180deg);transform:rotate(180deg);} /* sc-component-id: sc-fnwBNb */ .etzuBr{display:none;} /* sc-component-id: sc-iNhVCk */ .gWgCNb{background-color:#f2f2f2;border-radius:0;border-top:1px solid #e3e3e3;font-size:16px;color:#4a4a4a;font-weight:500;padding:11px 20px;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;} @media (min-width:991px){.gWgCNb{-webkit-transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;}.gWgCNb:hover{background-color :#D8D8D8;-webkit-transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-eAKXzc */ .WHkfb{-webkit-flex:1 0 90%;-ms-flex:1 0 90%;flex:1 0 90%;padding-left:50px;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.WHkfb{padding-left:93px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.WHkfb{padding-left:50px;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-bfYoXt */ .cGuwDn{width:20px;height:24px;} /* sc-component-id: sc-gbOuXE */ .jGPvPL{width:22px;height:21px;padding:2px;} /* sc-component-id: sc-dRFtgE */ .jrsDZP{-webkit-flex:1 0 80%;-ms-flex:1 0 80%;flex:1 0 80%;padding-left:26px;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.jrsDZP{padding-left:69px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.jrsDZP{padding-left:20px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px) and (max-width:1279.5px){.jrsDZP{display:none;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-gkFcWv */ .gWTCXQ{display:none;} @media (min-width:991.5px){.gWTCXQ{padding-left:20px;max-width:100px;display:inline;}} @media (min-width:1279.5px){.gWTCXQ{display:none;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-hUfwpO */ .jHPgUP{width:100%;border-left:1px solid #f2f2f2;border-right:1px solid #f2f2f2;border-bottom:none;cursor:pointer;} .jHPgUP li{background-color:#f2f2f2;} @media (min-width:991px){.jHPgUP li{-webkit-transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;}.jHPgUP li:hover{background-color :#ffffff;-webkit-transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;}} .jHPgUP h3{display:none;} /* sc-component-id: sc-imABML */ .ibWUzs{background-color:#f2f2f2;color:#4a4a4a;display:block;border-top:1px solid #ffffff;border-radius:0;font-size:16px;font-weight:500;padding:20px;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;cursor:pointer;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;} .ibWUzs .right__icon{padding:0;height:16px;width:20px;} @media (min-width:991px){.ibWUzs{-webkit-transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;}.ibWUzs:hover{background-color :#D8D8D8;-webkit-transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;transition:background-color 0.25s ease-in-out 0s;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.ibWUzs.hide{display:none !important;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-cjHlYL */ .hYnXNL{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;width:25%;float:right;margin-top:-49px;} @media (max-width:374px){.hYnXNL{width:26.5%;}} @media (min-width:992px){.hYnXNL{display:none;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-dRaagA */ .hGCBfz{background-color:#6BA339;color:white;-webkit-flex:1 0 25%;-ms-flex:1 0 25%;flex:1 0 25%;z-index:100;padding:14px 16px 10px 19px;border-radius:0px;border-bottom:1px solid #FFFFFF;} @media (min-width:320px) and (max-width:767px){.hGCBfz{border-bottom:none;padding:16px 16px 14px 16px;font-size:14px;}.hGCBfz .article_toolbar_icon{display:none;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-fEUNkw */ .dfaOeH{margin-right:16px;width:24px;height:24px;} /* sc-component-id: sc-dREXXX */ .cqhPZs{width:16px;height:auto;float:right;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.cqhPZs{width:24px;height:24px;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-nrwXf */ .byflLi{font-size:14px;padding:16px 20px 24px;} @media (max-width:991px){.byflLi{display:none;}} /* sc-component-id: sc-eitiEO */ .jXeALb{font-size:14px;} .jXeALb:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;} /* sc-component-id: sc-bhlBdH */ .UVThf{font-size:14px;font-weight:bold;} /* sc-component-id: sc-OxbzP */ .eEFYIL{width:100%;height:auto;background-color:#4A4A4A;font-family:'IBM Plex Sans',sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-weight:500;color:#fff;padding:15px 20px;line-height:20px;position:fixed;bottom:0px;z-index:3;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-webkit-justify-content:space-between;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;-webkit-transition:-webkit-transform .25s;-webkit-transition:transform .25s;transition:transform .25s;} .eEFYIL a{color:#7ED321;} .eEFYIL p{display:inline;margin:0;} .eEFYIL.hideBanner{-webkit-transform:translateY(100%);-ms-transform:translateY(100%);transform:translateY(100%);} /* sc-component-id: sc-bYnzgO */ .dsXEHZ{background:transparent;border:none;height:20px;width:20px;margin-left:20px;padding:0;cursor:pointer;} /* sc-component-id: sc-cPuPxo */ .iXKuYd{min-width:20px;height:20px;} /* sc-component-id: baseContent__Main-sc-134g3di-2 */ .cmzomn{margin-top:140px;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.cmzomn{margin-top:85px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.cmzomn{margin-top:70px;min-height:calc(100vh - 334px);}} /* sc-component-id: threeColumn__ThreeColumnWrapper-sc-1bf4078-0 */ .dDyxFF{width:100%;} @media only screen and (min-width:992px){.dDyxFF{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-flow:row wrap;-ms-flex-flow:row wrap;flex-flow:row wrap;padding:0 20px;max-width:1440px;margin:0 auto;}} @media (min-width:991.5px) and (max-width:1100.5px){.dDyxFF .partenership__collabText{font-size:12px;}} @media (min-width:1100.5px) and (max-width:1200.5px){.dDyxFF .partenership__collabText{font-size:14px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px) and (max-width:1071.5px){.dDyxFF .partenership__logoWrapper img{margin-left:20px;margin-bottom:10px;}.dDyxFF .partenership__logoWrapper img:last-child{margin-left:0;margin-bottom:0;}} @media (max-width:1150px){.dDyxFF .journal-metrics-container{display:none;}.dDyxFF .journal_report_link-border-helper{display:none;}} /* sc-component-id: threeColumn__LeftWrapper-sc-1bf4078-1 */ @media only screen and (min-width:992px){.fkVFlF{width:20%;}} @media only screen and (min-width:1280px){.fkVFlF{width:25%;}} /* sc-component-id: threeColumn__RightWrapper-sc-1bf4078-2 */ .jzTMLK{-webkit-transition:-webkit-transform 0.5s;-webkit-transition:transform 0.5s;transition:transform 0.5s;} @media only screen and (min-width:992px){.jzTMLK{width:20%;margin-bottom:60px;}.jzTMLK.translate{-webkit-transform:translateY(-130px);-ms-transform:translateY(-130px);transform:translateY(-130px);}} @media only screen and (min-width:1280px){.jzTMLK{width:25%;}} /* sc-component-id: threeColumn__ContentWrapper-sc-1bf4078-3 */ .bbzREB{margin:0 20px;overflow:hidden;} @media only screen and (min-width:992px){.bbzREB{width:calc(60% - 40px);}} @media only screen and (min-width:1280px){.bbzREB{width:calc(50% - 40px);}} /* sc-component-id: threeColumn__Content-sc-1bf4078-4 */ .jknsZc{margin:0 auto;overflow:hidden;} @media only screen and (min-width:768px){.jknsZc{max-width:688px;}} @media only screen and (min-width:992px){.jknsZc{max-width:100%;}} @media only screen and (min-width:1075px){.jknsZc{max-width:572px;}} /* sc-component-id: article__BaseStyle-sc-10qhnp8-0 */ .gnduKR{width:100%;margin-top:170px;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.gnduKR{margin-top:179px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.gnduKR{margin-top:180px;min-height:840px;}} /* sc-component-id: article__StickyStyle-sc-10qhnp8-1 */ .fJLQxX{width:100%;max-width:1440px;z-index:3;-webkit-transition:all 0.5s;transition:all 0.5s;} .fJLQxX.translate{-webkit-transform:translateY(-120px);-ms-transform:translateY(-120px);transform:translateY(-120px);} @media (min-width:767.5px){.fJLQxX.translate{-webkit-transform:translateY(-130px);-ms-transform:translateY(-130px);transform:translateY(-130px);}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.fJLQxX.translate{-webkit-transform:translateY(-130px);-ms-transform:translateY(-130px);transform:translateY(-130px);}} /* sc-component-id: article__SubtitleStyled-sc-10qhnp8-2 */ .elhyhe{background-color:#007b8b;opacity:0.8;color:#fff;margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;padding:17px 0 17px 20px;line-height:23px;height:60px;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;font-size:20px;font-weight:500;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.elhyhe{line-height:26px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.elhyhe{line-height:50px;padding:5px 0 5px 20px;height:60px;}} /* sc-component-id: article__JournalMenuTitle-sc-10qhnp8-3 */ .jCfZqq{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;font-size:16px;font-weight:500;line-height:20px;height:50px;width:100%;background-color:#007b8b;color:#fff;text-align:left;padding-left:14px;padding-right:0;border:0;border-top:1px solid #fff;} .jCfZqq span{font-size:24px;padding-right:14px;} @media (min-width:991.5px){.jCfZqq{display:none;}} /* sc-component-id: article__WhiteWrapper-sc-10qhnp8-5 */ .bJcSpM{background-color:#fff;display:block;position:relative;} .bJcSpM h1,.bJcSpM h2{color:#fff;} .bJcSpM h2{font-size:20px;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.bJcSpM h2{font-size:25px;}} .bJcSpM h1{font-size:20px;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.bJcSpM h1{font-size:24px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.bJcSpM h1{font-size:40px;}} /* sc-component-id: articleContent__ArticleContentsWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-0 */ .eSvjPB{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;width:100%;} .eSvjPB .author__editor--hr{display:block;} /* sc-component-id: articleContent__ArticleContentsSectionsWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-1 */ .jntdRu{width:100%;} @media (max-width:991.5px){.jntdRu{margin-top:52px;}} .jntdRu p{margin:12px 0;line-height:20px;} .jntdRu .articlecontent__alignment{width:100%;min-width:306px;padding-left:7px;padding-right:7px;} @media (min-width:346px){.jntdRu .articlecontent__alignment{padding-left:20px;padding-right:20px;}} @media (min-width:767.5px){.jntdRu .articlecontent__alignment{width:543px;margin:auto;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.jntdRu .articlecontent__alignment{max-width:612px;width:75%;margin:inherit;margin-left:50px;padding-left:20px;padding-right:20px;}} @media (min-width:1100px){.jntdRu .articlecontent__alignment{margin-left:118px;}} .jntdRu .article__title{padding-bottom:12px;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.jntdRu .article__title{padding-bottom:15px;}} .jntdRu .article__summary{padding-bottom:65px;} @media (min-width:991.5px){.jntdRu .article__summary{padding-bottom:75px;}} @media (min-width:767.5px){.jntdRu #vjs_video_3 button{-webkit-transform:none;-ms-transform:none;transform:none;left:40%;margin-top:0;}} .jntdRu .video-js .vjs-big-play-button{top:calc(50% - 22.5px);left:calc(50% - 50px);} .jntdRu .video-js{margin:20px 0;} .jntdRu a{color:#4D8A17;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:pointer;} .jntdRu a:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;} /* sc-component-id: articleContent__ArticleWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-2 */ .hAzjHP{background-position:0px 0px;background-origin:content-box;background-size:99%;} /* sc-component-id: articleContent__EditorWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-3 */ .evMkvU{padding:0;} /* sc-component-id: articleContent__PublicationTimeLineWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-4 */ .fjviok{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;margin:15px 0 30px;border-bottom:1px solid #E3E3E3;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.fjviok{border-top:1px solid #E3E3E3;margin:20px 0 30px;}} /* sc-component-id: articleContent__PublcationCol-sc-2yl9jy-5 */ .hgKieC{-webkit-flex-basis:0;-ms-flex-preferred-size:0;flex-basis:0;-webkit-box-flex:1;-webkit-flex-grow:1;-ms-flex-positive:1;flex-grow:1;max-width:100%;border-right:1px solid #E3E3E3;padding:5px 0 15px;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.hgKieC{padding:5px 0;}} .hgKieC.notPublished{display:none;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.hgKieC.notPublished{display:block;}} @media (max-width:767.5px){.hgKieC.isPublished{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;}.hgKieC.isPublished span:first-child::after{content:':';padding-right:3px;}} .hgKieC:last-child{border-right:none;} /* sc-component-id: articleContent__PublicationField-sc-2yl9jy-6 */ .cIribm{display:block;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;} /* sc-component-id: articleContent__PublicationValue-sc-2yl9jy-7 */ .khHUcu{display:block;text-align:center;font-size:14px;} /* sc-component-id: articleContent__TextWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-8 */ .fYrLtk{margin:-7px 0 -5px;font-size:14px;} /* sc-component-id: biblio__Wrapper-sc-1nou1lz-0 */ .eyHfWh{position:relative;} .eyHfWh.hide{display:none;} .eyHfWh hr{position:absolute;left:0;right:0;top:-30px;border-top:1px solid #E3E3E3;border-bottom:0;}.cBTaXT.hide{display:none;} .cBTaXT hr{display:none;} /* sc-component-id: biblio__BiblioWrapper-sc-1nou1lz-1 */ @font-face{font-family:'STIXGeneral-Bold';src:url('https://static-01.hindawi.com/next_assets/wyT4heYybLmt1UEJexPE9/_next/static/_/hindawi-ui/fonts/STIXGeneral-Regular.otf');} .hFGNjP{padding:0 20px 20px;} .hFGNjP .bib__image{display:none;} .hFGNjP .bib__title{font-size:20px;} .hFGNjP .bib__name{font-size:18px;font-family:'STIXGeneral-Bold',serif !important;color:rgb(74,74,74);font-weight:700;} .hFGNjP .bib--split .bib__link .bib__info,.hFGNjP .bib--split .bib__link.bib__link--image .bib__info,.hFGNjP [class*='bib--txt'] .bib__link .bib__info,.hFGNjP [class*='bib--txt'] .bib__link.bib__link--image .bib__info{padding:10px 0 !important;} .hFGNjP .bib__author{font-size:14px;line-height:22px;color:rgb(132,132,132);margin-top:3px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-right:20px;opacity:1;font-family:'IBM Plex Sans',sans-serif;font-weight:500;} .hFGNjP #biblio_sidebar .bib__link{border-top:1px solid rgb(227,227,227) !important;padding-top:5px !important;padding-bottom:5px !important;} .hFGNjP #biblio_sidebar .bib__link:first-child{border-top:0 !important;padding-top:0 !important;} .hFGNjP #biblio_sidebar .bib__link:first-child .bib__info{padding-top:0 !important;} .hFGNjP #biblio_widget .bib--split .bib__link .bib__info,.hFGNjP #biblio_widget .bib--split .bib__link.bib__link--image .bib__info{padding:10px 15px 10px 0 !important;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.hFGNjP{padding:0 40px 20px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.hFGNjP{padding:0 20px;}} /* sc-component-id: biblio__H4-sc-1nou1lz-2 */ .becpDt{font-size:20px;font-family:'IBM Plex Sans';color:#000;font-weight:600;margin-top:34px;margin-bottom:18px;padding:0 20px;} /* sc-component-id: journal_article__ArticleStickyTopToolbar-sc-12fk6zy-0 */ .gbrQxi{display:none;} @media (min-width:991.5px){.gbrQxi{display:block;}.gbrQxi .article_top_toolbar{top:110px;z-index:-100;}.gbrQxi .article_top_toolbar .pdf_desktop{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;}.gbrQxi .article_top_toolbar .ref_desktop{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;}} .gbrQxi .article_toolbar_views{margin-top:-58px;display:block;text-align:right;} /* sc-component-id: journal_article__ArticleStickyBottomToolbar-sc-12fk6zy-1 */ @media (min-width:991.5px){.isgRZA .article_bottom_toolbar{top:292px;z-index:-10;}} /* sc-component-id: journal_article__BreadCrumbStyle-sc-12fk6zy-2 */ @media (min-width:991.5px){.bjwAQR{padding:16px 20px 24px;height:60px;}} /* sc-component-id: journal_article__ArticleBaseStyle-sc-12fk6zy-3 */ .NQpXC .content,.NQpXC .contentWrapper{overflow:visible;} /* sc-component-id: journal_article__BiblioIntegratorSidebar-sc-12fk6zy-4 */ .cYsVdk{max-width:350px;} @media (max-width:991.5px){.cYsVdk{display:none !important;}} /* sc-component-id: journal_article__BiblioIntegratorWidget-sc-12fk6zy-5 */ .dbAANp{background-color:#f5f5f5;padding:15px 20px 24px 20px;margin-top:2px;margin-bottom:20px;} @media (min-width:991.5px){.dbAANp{margin-top:-64px;margin-bottom:40px;}} .dbAANp .hrTitleRef{padding:0;margin-top:0;font-family:'IBM Plex Sans',sans-serif;} .dbAANp #biblio_widget{padding:0;}</style> </head> <body style="margin:0;box-sizing:border-box"> <div id="__next"> <div class="static_page"> <div class="page no__focus__outline"> <header class="sc-fjdhpX jzXSTA"> <div class="sc-bZQynM bNmdOy E_HUmlU2Hj3PpkDmWzKPd header__padding"> <div class="sc-kAzzGY epRoim mobileLogoFlex _1fpqArXPCxgnlv2rXZC2sl _1SoDWGr_FVsil9klRfjnhb"> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link" href="//www.newsama.com/" aria-label="Home"><img alt="标志”src="https://preprod-admin.w2o.hindawi.com/themes/custom/hindawi_extended/logo.svg" class="sc-ckVGcZ gjctdt"></a> </div> <div class="sc-jzJRlG jGJLow mobileButtonFlex _2v1j-tLx3hx0tgKcpPzH6B _3wm8FgzqRuRWouJG31YgKx E_HUmlU2Hj3PpkDmWzKPd"> <nav class="sc-bxivhb ivbKJD"> <ul class="sc-ifAKCX fopjOz sc-kpOJdX kAzjOl"> <li class="navigation__link"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link link" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/" aria-label="Journals">期刊</一个></l我><l我class="navigation__link"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link link" href="//www.newsama.com/publish-research/" aria-label="Publish with us">雷电竞下载苹果</a></li> <li class="navigation__link"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link link" href="//www.newsama.com/publishing-partnerships/" aria-label="Publishing partnerships">raybet推荐吗</a></li> <li class="navigation__link"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link link" href="//www.newsama.com/about/" aria-label="About us">关于我们</一个></l我><l我class="navigation__link"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link link" href="//www.newsama.com/blog/" aria-label="Blog">博客</一个></l我></ul> </nav> <button class="sc-chPdSV hbVEoI icon__search" aria-label="Search"><span class="sc-htoDjs khbeDd icon__search icon-colored _3hSk3ArgsWMFh5QJIGblNr icon-themeable" title="" font-size="24"></span></button> <button aria-label="Hamburger Menu" class="sc-cSHVUG ldSkVQ"><span class="sc-htoDjs khbeDd hamburger icon-colored _20YUA8q5mREEBfJm8VsdXV icon-themeable" title="" font-size="24"></span></button> </div> </div> </header> <div class="sc-bZQynM bNmdOy"></div> <main class="baseContent__Main-sc-134g3di-2 cmzomn article__BaseStyle-sc-10qhnp8-0 gnduKR DADtd11SJ4KyWZ2l6zAnr base_style journal_article__ArticleBaseStyle-sc-12fk6zy-3 NQpXC"> <div class="sc-bZQynM bNmdOy width_wrapper"> <div id="journal__navigation" class="sc-cbkKFq kuxTps article__StickyStyle-sc-10qhnp8-1 fJLQxX"> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link article__WhiteWrapper-sc-10qhnp8-5 bJcSpM" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cin/" aria-label=""><h2 class="sc-eHgmQL fTkdCR article__SubtitleStyled-sc-10qhnp8-2 elhyhe _1ZrXcsbATVL_kHOpFAan9k">计算智能和神经科学</gydF4y2Bah2></a> <button class="article__JournalMenuTitle-sc-10qhnp8-3 jCfZqq journalNavCheck" id="journalMenuTitle"><span>+</gydF4y2Baspan>杂志菜单</gydF4y2Babutton> <div class="sc-bdVaJa EwsTm isHide" id="fadeOut"></div> <div class="sc-cjHlYL hYnXNL"> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-dRaagA hGCBfz article-toolbar-link" href="//www.newsama.com/downloads/journals/cin/2011/519868.pdf" aria-label="" target="_blank"><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl sc-fEUNkw dfaOeH article_toolbar_icon" title="" role="presentation" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/next_assets/wyT4heYybLmt1UEJexPE9/_next/static/node_modules/hindawi-ui/src/icon/svg/pdf.svg" height="24">PDF<我米g一个lt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl sc-dREXXX cqhPZs" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="24"></a> </div> <nav id="journal__nav" class="sc-hGoxap dEfJbW article__JournalNavigationStyle-sc-10qhnp8-4 gaRePw isHide journalNavCheck"> <div class="sc-giadOv eBepOs journalNavCheck"> <button class="sc-hSdWYo etauus sc-fjmCvl fSPaCp journalNavCheck" color="">日报》概述<gydF4y2Baspan class="sc-htoDjs gvAGTV sc-bHwgHz ctePXh journalNavCheck icon__inactive icon-white _1CwL9R82TPl2HxDleeYGDR icon-themeable" title="" font-size="9"></span><span class="sc-htoDjs gvAGTV sc-bHwgHz ctePXh journalNavCheck icon__active icon-colored icon__hidden _1CwL9R82TPl2HxDleeYGDR icon-themeable" title="" font-size="9"></span></button> </div> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-TFwJa gCIfTO" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cin/guidelines/" aria-label="For authors">对于作者</一个><一个class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-TFwJa gCIfTO" href="//www.newsama.com/publish-research/reviewers/" aria-label="For reviewers">对于审查员</一个><一个class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-TFwJa gCIfTO" href="//www.newsama.com/publish-research/editors/" aria-label="For editors">的编辑器</一个><一个class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-TFwJa gCIfTO" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cin/contents/year/2022/" aria-label="Table of Contents">表的内容</一个><div class="sc-giadOv eBepOs journalNavCheck"> <button class="sc-hSdWYo etauus sc-fjmCvl bVEEaH journalNavCheck" color="">特殊的问题<gydF4y2Baspan class="sc-htoDjs gvAGTV sc-bHwgHz ctePXh journalNavCheck icon__inactive icon-white _1CwL9R82TPl2HxDleeYGDR icon-themeable" title="" font-size="9"></span><span class="sc-htoDjs gvAGTV sc-bHwgHz ctePXh journalNavCheck icon__active icon-colored icon__hidden _1CwL9R82TPl2HxDleeYGDR icon-themeable" title="" font-size="9"></span></button> </div> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-jtRfpW hHKuAX submit__button journalNavCheck" href="https://review.hindawi.com/submit?journal=cin" aria-label="" target="" id=""><span><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl sc-kTUwUJ jUTgTa" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="24"><span class="text">提交</gydF4y2Baspan></span><span class="sc-htoDjs kNoiZu sc-dqBHgY cQgXqt fileArrow icon-colored undefined icon-themeable" title="" font-size="16"></span></a> <div class="sc-krDsej ewCAZX hide__submenu journalSubmenuCheck" id="journalnav__submenu"> <button class="sc-itybZL kdvWPs journalSubmenuCheck"><span class="sc-htoDjs gvAGTV sc-fzsDOv hAFFGk journalSubmenuCheck icon-colored _1CwL9R82TPl2HxDleeYGDR icon-themeable" title="" font-size="9"></span></button> </div> <div class="sc-dTdPqK lkWWFY hide__submenu journal__nav__desktop" id="journalnav__submenudesktop"> <div order="0" class="sc-kUaPvJ ehYbwJ"> <div class="sc-gPWkxV legory"></div> <div class="sc-gPWkxV legory"></div> </div> <div class="sc-jVODtj epgILe"></div> <span class="sc-fONwsr kCfRMJ"></span> </div> </nav> </div> <div class="sc-nrwXf byflLi breadcrumb__wrapper journal_article__BreadCrumbStyle-sc-12fk6zy-2 bjwAQR article"> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-eitiEO jXeALb breadCrumb" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cin/" aria-label="Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience">计算智能和神经科学</一个>/<gydF4y2Ba一个class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-eitiEO jXeALb breadCrumb" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cin/contents/year/2011/" aria-label="2011">2011年</一个>/<ggydF4y2BaydF4y2Baspan class="sc-bhlBdH UVThf">文章</gydF4y2Baspan> </div> <div class="threeColumn__ThreeColumnWrapper-sc-1bf4078-0 dDyxFF threeColumnWrapper"> <div class="threeColumn__LeftWrapper-sc-1bf4078-1 fkVFlF leftWrapper"> <button type="button" class="sc-eKZiaR dzZrgS section__button " id="sectionButton"><span class="sc-htoDjs diutvq icon__dots dots__detector icon-colored _3n-7Ho7DlfjMlZbrRr9Q4a icon-themeable" title="" font-size="22"></span>文章部分</gydF4y2Babutton> <div class="sc-bEjcJn jLUVhb static_contents__section_links links__hidden "> <div id="leftSectionMenu" class="sc-cbkKFq prcY sc-bGbJRg dVCLgr left_section_menu"> <p>在这一页上</p><gydF4y2Baspan class="sc-likbZx bBmZJZ grey" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-ePZHVD ewHMLz" href="#abstract" aria-label="">文摘</一个></span> <span class="sc-likbZx bBmZJZ grey" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-ePZHVD ewHMLz" href="#introduction" aria-label="">介绍</一个></span> <span class="sc-likbZx bBmZJZ grey" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-ePZHVD ewHMLz" href="#methods" aria-label="">方法</一个></span> <span class="sc-likbZx bBmZJZ grey" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-ePZHVD ewHMLz" href="#results" aria-label="">结果</一个></span> <span class="sc-likbZx bBmZJZ grey" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-ePZHVD ewHMLz" href="#discussion" aria-label="">讨论</一个></span> <span class="sc-likbZx bBmZJZ grey" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-ePZHVD ewHMLz" href="#conclusions" aria-label="">结论</一个></span> <span class="sc-likbZx bBmZJZ grey" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-ePZHVD ewHMLz" href="#acknowledgments" aria-label="">确认</一个></span> <span class="sc-likbZx bBmZJZ grey" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-ePZHVD ewHMLz" href="#references" aria-label="">引用</一个></span> <span class="sc-likbZx bBmZJZ grey" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-ePZHVD ewHMLz" href="#copyright" aria-label="">版权</一个></span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="threeColumn__ContentWrapper-sc-1bf4078-3 bbzREB contentWrapper"> <div class="threeColumn__Content-sc-1bf4078-4 jknsZc content"> <div class="articleContent__ArticleContentsWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-0 eSvjPB article_contents"> <div class="articleContent__ArticleContentsSectionsWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-1 jntdRu article_contents__sections_wrapper"> <div class="articleContent__ArticleWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-2 hAzjHP"> <div class="sc-chbbiW mBGSe article_header_class"> <div class="sc-kxynE fgGykB"> <span class="sc-cooIXK gQxyld">特殊的问题</gydF4y2Baspan> <h2 class="sc-fcdeBU bVtmCk">选择从第四届国际会议论文Bioinspired系统信号处理和认知</gydF4y2Bah2> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-gmeYpB hSHJbi" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cin/si/106351/" aria-label="">把这个特殊的问题</一个><hr class="sc-clNaTc ktFfKO"> </div> <p class="sc-kZmsYB bkiEfx article_type">研究文章|<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->开放获取</p><gydF4y2Badiv class="sc-RcBXQ ztvYg article_citation"> 体积<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> 2011年<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> <span class="sc-fZwumE cUsFHx">|</gydF4y2Baspan>文章的ID<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> 519868年<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> <span class="sc-fZwumE cUsFHx">|</gydF4y2Baspan> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-fQejPQ duuwge" href="https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/519868" aria-label="Doi-link">https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/519868</一个></div> <div class="sc-LKuAh lcOiDF article_full_citation"> <div class="sc-hzNEM gsmOCv isHide"> <p>阿德里安·Combaz Nikolay诉Manyakov Nikolay Chumerin,马克·m·范Hulle<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> ”<gydF4y2Baspan class="adjust-article-svg-size">分类方法的比较P300脑机接口对残疾人的主题</gydF4y2Baspan>”,<gydF4y2Ba!-- --><i>计算智能和神经科学</我>,<ggydF4y2BaydF4y2Ba!-- --> 卷。<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->2011年<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> 文章的ID<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->519868年<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> 12<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->   页面<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> 2011年<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->。<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/519868</p></gydF4y2Badiv> <button class="sc-hSdWYo etauus sc-iBEsjs kPshFw" color="">显示引用</gydF4y2Babutton> </div> <h1 class="sc-iRbamj jZOxOO sc-iSDuPN kEVvRd article_title adjust-article-svg-size heading-title">分类方法的比较P300脑机接口对残疾人的主题</gydF4y2Bah1> </div> <div class="sc-jrIrqw eHMFfo article_authors"> <hr class="sc-cEvuZC XkrFe hr__author"> <span class=""><b>Nikolay诉Manyakov</gydF4y2Bab><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link" href="mailto:" aria-label="Mail Option"><span class="sc-htoDjs kNoiZu sc-hjRWVT irNWJI icon-colored _2zt-1j0LmaF8UjTQAM413G icon-themeable" title="" font-size="16"></span></a>,<gydF4y2Basup>1</gydF4y2Basup></span> <span class="">Nikolay Chumerin<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<gydF4y2Basup>1</gydF4y2Basup></span> <span class="">阿德里安·Combaz<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<gydF4y2Basup>1</gydF4y2Basup> 和</gydF4y2Baspan> <span class="">马克·m·范·Hulle<gydF4y2Basup>1</gydF4y2Basup></span> <div class="sc-fHxwqH dMuGGA isHide"> <p><sup>1</gydF4y2Basup><span>公司voor神经- en Psychofysiologie K.U.鲁汶大学Gasthuisberg,设计2,1021路公车,Herestraat 49岁的比利时鲁汶b - 3000</gydF4y2Baspan></p> </div> <button class="sc-hSdWYo etauus sc-iQtOjA kfDwZY" color="">显示更多</gydF4y2Babutton> </div> <div class="articleContent__EditorWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-3 evMkvU"> <div class="articleContent__TextWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-8 fYrLtk"> <b>学术编辑器:</gydF4y2Bab>劳拉Astolfi</gydF4y2Badiv> <div class="articleContent__PublicationTimeLineWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-4 fjviok"> <div class="articleContent__PublcationCol-sc-2yl9jy-5 hgKieC notPublished"> <span class="articleContent__PublicationField-sc-2yl9jy-6 cIribm">收到了</gydF4y2Baspan> <span class="articleContent__PublicationValue-sc-2yl9jy-7 khHUcu">2011年3月14日</gydF4y2Baspan> </div> <div class="articleContent__PublcationCol-sc-2yl9jy-5 hgKieC notPublished"> <span class="articleContent__PublicationField-sc-2yl9jy-6 cIribm">修改后的</gydF4y2Baspan> <span class="articleContent__PublicationValue-sc-2yl9jy-7 khHUcu">2011年5月26日</gydF4y2Baspan> </div> <div class="articleContent__PublcationCol-sc-2yl9jy-5 hgKieC notPublished"> <span class="articleContent__PublicationField-sc-2yl9jy-6 cIribm">接受</gydF4y2Baspan> <span class="articleContent__PublicationValue-sc-2yl9jy-7 khHUcu">04年7月2011年</gydF4y2Baspan> </div> <div class="articleContent__PublcationCol-sc-2yl9jy-5 hgKieC isPublished"> <span class="articleContent__PublicationField-sc-2yl9jy-6 cIribm">发表</gydF4y2Baspan> <span class="articleContent__PublicationValue-sc-2yl9jy-7 khHUcu">2011年9月18日</gydF4y2Baspan> </div> </div> </div> <article class="sc-jtRlXQ gvEcCq article_body "> <div> <div class="xml-content"> <h4 class="header" id="abstract">文摘</gydF4y2Bah4> <p>我们报告在测试思维输入模式基于P300脑机接口(BCI)一群肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症(ALS),大脑中动脉(MCA)中风,和蛛网膜下腔出血(SAH)患者,患有运动和语言障碍。我们调查了打字准确性考虑到个别病人的障碍,以及它如何与所使用的类型的分类器。我们认为7类型的分类器,线性以及非线性的,发现,总体而言,一种类型的线性分类器产生一个更高的分类精度。除了分类器的选择,我们还建议和讨论的建议时要考虑建立一个残疾人P300-based打字系统主题。</p><gydF4y2Baspan class="end-abs"></span> <h4 id="introduction">1。介绍</gydF4y2Bah4> <p>研究<我>脑-机接口</我>(bci)近年来发展一个巨大的(<一个href="#B1">1</一个>),甚至被大众媒体。尽管已经做了很多研究在入侵bci,导致大脑植入物直接解码神经活动,主要是动物测试,无创性bci,例如,基于<我>测量</我>(EEG)记录主题的头皮,最近喜欢一个增加的可见性,因为他们不需要任何外科手术,,因此可以更容易在人类身上进行测试。已经被描述在文献中几种无创性BCI范例,但我们专注于依赖<我>与事件相关电位</我>(erp,刻板的电生理反应内部或外部刺激(<一个href="#B2">2</一个>])。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba其中一个最是P300探讨ERP组件。它可以检测到主题时显示两种类型的事件有一个发生更经常比其他(“罕见事件”)。罕见事件引出ERP组成的一个增强的正向信号组件的延迟大约300毫秒后刺激发病(<一个href="#B2">2</一个>]。为了检测erp,实验记录通常是不够的,并记录在几个试验需要平均:记录信号的叠加活动相关的刺激和所有其他正在进行的大脑活动与噪音。平均,活动时间锁定到一个已知的事件(例如,参加刺激的发病)提取作为ERP,而不是刺激发病相关的活动预计将平均。ERP信号越强,就越少需要试验,和<我>反之亦然</我>。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba已经被越来越多的兴趣ERP检测问题,目睹的增加bci,依赖它的可用性。一个臭名昭著的例子是P300拼字(<一个href="#B3">3</一个>),科目类型电脑荧幕上的文字。这个应用程序满足BCI的主要目标,即提高神经受损的患者的生活质量等病态的肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症(ALS),脑部中风,脑/脊髓损伤、脑性瘫痪、肌肉萎缩症等等。但是,因为它主要是BCI研究一样,P300 BCI主要被测试<我>健康的</我>科目。只有很少的尝试了<我>病人</我>(<gydF4y2Ba一个href="#B4">4</一个>- - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - -<gydF4y2Ba一个href="#B9">9</一个>]。这些测试的几个病人(<一个href="#B4">4</一个>,<gydF4y2Ba一个href="#B9">9</一个>)处理P300-based在线打字,然而,因为只有很少的病人测试,它仍然是一个悬而未决的问题,病人类别P300拼字的人是最适合的。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba此外,不同P300分类器的性能比较,健康受试者,和他们的结果被发现在某种程度上存在分歧。在[<一个href="#B10">10</一个>),比较几个分类器(皮尔森相关法,Fisher线性判别分析(LDA),逐步线性判别分析(SWLDA),线性支持向量机(SVM)和高斯核支持向量机(nSVM))进行8健康受试者。结果表明:SWLDA和LDA呈现最佳的总体性能。在[<一个href="#B11">11</一个>),这是表明,线性支持向量机中,高斯核支持向量机,多层感知器,费舍尔LDA,和内核Fisher判别,与LDA实现最佳的性能。基于这些研究,尽管不同的分类器被使用,我们可以得出这样的结论:线性分类器的工作比非线性的,至少对P300 BCI在健康受试者的情况下。这句话也被其他研究人员(如支持<我>。</我>,(<gydF4y2Ba一个href="#B12">12</一个>])。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba根据这个,因为从未进行病人分类器比较,它仍然是一个悬而未决的问题是最好的分类器在这种情况下。这确实是一个重要的问题,因为从健康受试者和患者P300反应可以完全不同<一个href="#B5">5</一个>]。因此,比较的结果为病人健康受试者可能不是有效的。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba在本文中,我们报告的测试执行一组(部分)残疾患者患有肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症(ALS),大脑中动脉(MCA)中风,和蛛网膜下腔出血(SAH)。除了上面提到的分类器,我们也添加两个线性的(即<我>。</我>贝叶斯线性判别分析和基于特征提取的方法),因为他们已经被使用在P300 bci [<一个href="#B7">7</一个>,<gydF4y2Ba一个href="#B13">13</一个>]。总之,我们比较一套更广泛的分类器并执行我们的病人比较,而不是在健康受试者,这两个区分我们的研究从别人。</p><gydF4y2Bah4 id="methods">2。方法</gydF4y2Bah4> <h5 id="sec2.1">2.1。脑电图数据采集</gydF4y2Bah5> <p>我们的录音进行的一个原型<我>微型</我>脑电图记录装置,<我>无线</我>与一个u盘接收器(数字<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cin/2011/519868/fig1/" target="_blank">1(一)</一个>和<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cin/2011/519868/fig1/" target="_blank">1 (c)</一个>)。原型是由<我>我米ec</我>(<gydF4y2Ba一个href="http://www.imec.be/" target="_blank">http://www.imec.be/</一个>)和围绕其超低功率举办脑电图放大器芯片(<一个href="#B14">14</一个>]。EEG数据记录的采样频率1000赫兹,固定的硬件。笔记本电脑工作在Windows XP SP3亮15′′屏幕用于视觉刺激以及脑电图数据记录、处理和存储。</p><gydF4y2Badiv class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig1"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig1"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(一)”n一个米e=”519868。fig.001a" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cin/volume-2011/519868/figures/519868.fig.001a.jpg"> <br> <strong>(一)</gydF4y2Bastrong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(b)”n一个米e=”519868。fig.001b" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cin/volume-2011/519868/figures/519868.fig.001b.jpg"> <br> <strong>(b)</gydF4y2Bastrong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(c)”n一个米e=”519868。fig.001c" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cin/volume-2011/519868/figures/519868.fig.001c.jpg"> <br> <strong>(c)</gydF4y2Bastrong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(d)”n一个米e=”519868。fig.001d" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cin/volume-2011/519868/figures/519868.fig.001d.jpg"> <br> <strong>(d)</gydF4y2Bastrong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs fig-thumbs-fig1"> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(a)"><img alt="(一)”n一个米e=”519868。fig.001a" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cin/volume-2011/519868/figures/519868.fig.001a.jpg"><br><strong>(一)</gydF4y2Bastrong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(b)"><img alt="(b)”n一个米e=”519868。fig.001b" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cin/volume-2011/519868/figures/519868.fig.001b.jpg"><br><strong>(b)</gydF4y2Bastrong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(c)"><img alt="(c)”n一个米e=”519868。fig.001c" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cin/volume-2011/519868/figures/519868.fig.001c.jpg"><br><strong>(c)</gydF4y2Bastrong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(d)"><img alt="(d)”n一个米e=”519868。fig.001d" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cin/volume-2011/519868/figures/519868.fig.001d.jpg"><br><strong>(d)</gydF4y2Bastrong></button> </div> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev fig-nav-fig1"> <button class="carousel-prev" aria-label="Previous"></button> <button class="carousel-next" aria-label="Next"></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图1</gydF4y2Baspan> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cin/2011/519868/fig1/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> (一)无线8通道放大器。(b)头皮上的电极的位置。(c) u盘接收器。(d)活性电极。</gydF4y2Batable> </div> </div> </div> <p>我们使用一个电极帽大填孔和套接字活跃Ag / AgCl电极(ActiCap、大脑产品图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cin/2011/519868/fig1/" target="_blank">1 (d)</一个>)。八个电极主要被放置在壁,即职位Cz, CPz, P1, P2, Pz警察丙,POz,和警察丁国际演出系统(图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cin/2011/519868/fig1/" target="_blank">1 (b)</一个>)。参考和地面电极放置在左和右乳突,分别。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba每次实验开始时的停顿大约90年代,脑电图放大器所需的稳定其内部过滤器。在此期间,EEG信号没有记录。输入每个字符的数据(见部分<一个href="#sec2.3">2.3</一个>)被记录在一个会话中。每个会话的时间<我>先天的</我>,以及数据传输速率,很容易估计在一个会话中传输的数据量。我们使用此估计,增加了一个<gydF4y2Basvg height="11.45" id="M1" style="vertical-align:-0.23825pt;width:27.424999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 27.424999 11.45" width="27.424999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.45)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.84)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.12)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.2515001" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.503" y="0"> %</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>保证金,如串口缓冲区的大小。确保一个字符的整个录音完全符合缓冲区,我们清除缓冲区之前录音。这种策略让我们避免破损/丢失的数据帧,这可能发生由于缓冲区溢出。EEG数据帧只在极少数情况下失去了在无线传输:在正常的实验条件下,数据损失可以忽略不计(< 0.01%),从来没有连续超过几个样品,这可能是(线性)重建成功收到的。破损/丢失帧的数量可以精确计算使用柜台纳入每个数据帧。</p><gydF4y2Bah5 id="sec2.2">2.2。Data-Stimuli同步</gydF4y2Bah5> <p>与传统的脑电图系统不同,我们使用的系统没有任何外部同步输入。我们使用一个基于高精度时间戳同步方案的刺激发作期间(刺激)。使用高分辨率的时间戳了系统性能计数器(通过QueryPerformanceCounter系统调用),它允许达到微秒级的分辨率。我们保存的时间戳脑电图收购会话的开始和结束,以及刺激发作的时间戳和补偿。由于EEG信号有一个恒定的采样率,假设一个常数(虚拟)串口延迟,精确的时间戳和相应的脑电图数据样本之间的映射很简单。我们使用这个映射为分区EEG信号到信号段,进行进一步处理。消除不必要的负载的计算机系统,所有录音都在电脑上完成工作在一个特殊的(“试验版”)硬件配置文件,它有一组最小的运行服务和设备。此外,我们提出了应用程序的优先级,负责视觉刺激和脑电图数据采集/处理,到“高”级别。</p><h5 id="sec2.3">2.3。实验设计</gydF4y2Bah5> <p>12个科目,天真的BCI的应用,参与实验(10男两女,37 - 66岁,平均51.25岁)。受试者患有不同类型的脑部疾病。实验伦理委员会批准的协议。录音后,四个受试者被排除在分类器比较,因为他们的性能接近水平的机会,可能是由于他们的大脑紊乱的本质,或者因为他们没有正确理解实验或执行任务太累了。关于病人的信息,记录进一步考虑,也就是说,他们的诊断、年龄、性别,提出了表<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cin/2011/519868/tab1/" target="_blank">1</一个>。</p><gydF4y2Badiv class="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="tab1"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-tab1"> <table class="table-group" id="tab1"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <table class="table"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="4"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr class="thead"> <td align="left">患者ID</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">年龄</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">性别</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="left">诊断</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td class="thead-hr" colspan="4"> <hr></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">主题1</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">43</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">米</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="left">肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症。温和的球麻痹。严重的弱点上、下肢和下肢痉挛状态。</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">主题2</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">51</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">米</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="left">对MCA中风和高血压(第二阶段)和轻度左轻偏瘫。</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">主题3</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">58</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">米</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="left">自发性SAH和二级在右半球与高血压脑出血(第三阶段)和严重的左轻偏瘫。</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">主题4</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">54</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">F</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="left">左大脑中动脉中风有轻度运动失语症和进行性加重。</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">主题5</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">52</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">米</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="left">后循环中风。和构音障碍加重。</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">问题6</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">54</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">米</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="left">左MCA中风与右轻偏瘫和运动失语症。</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">主题7</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">36</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">米</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="left">急性左MCA中风与部分汽车失语症,右hemisensory损失。</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">主题8</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">65年</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="center">米</gydF4y2Batd> <td align="left">对MCA中风和高血压(第三阶段)和轻度左轻偏瘫。</gydF4y2Batd> </tr> <tr class="table-tr"> <td colspan="4"> <hr class="tbody-hr"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">表1</gydF4y2Baspan> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cin/2011/519868/tab1/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> 有关病人的信息。</gydF4y2Badiv> </div> </div> <p>我们使用相同的视觉刺激范式在第一P300-based拼字,引入Farwell和Donchin (<一个href="#B3">3</一个>:一个矩阵<gydF4y2Basvg height="11.2" id="M2" style="vertical-align:-0.3135pt;width:32.700001px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 32.700001 11.2" width="32.700001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.2)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.04)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.4)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 6</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.0271664" y="0"> ×</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.804752" y="0"> 6</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>字符。唯一的区别是字符集:在我们的例子中,它通常是组26个拉丁字符,八位数,但两个特殊字符(“_”代替<我>空间</我>和“<gydF4y2Basvg height="13.575" id="M3" style="vertical-align:-2.26978pt;width:7.625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 7.625 13.575" width="7.625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.575)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.14)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> {</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>“随着<我>输入结束</我>指标)。此外,对于某些对象,使用西里尔字母。每个实验是由一个培训和测试几个阶段。在两个阶段,矩阵的行和列是强化(见图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cin/2011/519868/fig2/" target="_blank">2</一个>以随机的方式)。强化的持续时间是固定的100 ms,紧随其后的是100 ms的强化。每一列、每一行只闪过一次在一次试验中,所以每个试验由12刺激演示。</p><gydF4y2Badiv class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig2"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig2"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(一)”n一个米e=”519868。fig.002a" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cin/volume-2011/519868/figures/519868.fig.002a.jpg"> <br> <strong>(一)</gydF4y2Bastrong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(b)”n一个米e=”519868。fig.002b" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cin/volume-2011/519868/figures/519868.fig.002b.jpg"> <br> <strong>(b)</gydF4y2Bastrong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs fig-thumbs-fig2"> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(a)"><img alt="(一)”n一个米e=”519868。fig.002a" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cin/volume-2011/519868/figures/519868.fig.002a.jpg"><br><strong>(一)</gydF4y2Bastrong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(b)"><img alt="(b)”n一个米e=”519868。fig.002b" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cin/volume-2011/519868/figures/519868.fig.002b.jpg"><br><strong>(b)</gydF4y2Bastrong></button> </div> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev fig-nav-fig2"> <button class="carousel-prev" aria-label="Previous"></button> <button class="carousel-next" aria-label="Next"></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图2</gydF4y2Baspan> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cin/2011/519868/fig2/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> 输入矩阵的P300拼字。行和列是强化以随机的顺序;一个试验包括强化所有六行和6列。强化的第二行第三列(a)和(b)所示。</gydF4y2Batable> </div> </div> </div> <p>在训练阶段,11个字符,从输入矩阵,提出了主题。对于每一个字符,10为每个行/列进行强化。受试者被要求精神的强化数一数字符。计数是只用于确保参与者的注意。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba记录的数据过滤(0.5 -15赫兹频段,四阶零相位数字巴特沃斯滤波器),切成段的信号。每一个部分由1000 ms的录音,从刺激开始发作。他们downsampled,每25日通过保留样本,并分配给两个可能的组:<我>目标</我>和<我>不属预定目标的</我>根据他们锁定的刺激。训练分类器,我们构造一组1000年目标,和相同数量的不属预定目标的平均大脑反应,平均被基于的地方<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.7375" id="M4" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt;width:8.6000004px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.6000004 10.7375" width="8.6000004" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.7375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.41)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>随机选择的回应中相应的团体训练集,数量<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.7375" id="M5" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt;width:8.6000004px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.6000004 10.7375" width="8.6000004" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.7375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.41)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>等于强化序列的数量(试验),对于每一个刺激,在测试阶段。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba在特定的时间瞬间信号振幅区间100 - 750 ms刺激出现后,downsampled EEG信号,被视为功能。这些特性都是标准化的<我>Z</gydF4y2Ba我>通过评估的分数<gydF4y2Basvg height="22.549999" id="M6" style="vertical-align:-5.37971pt;width:163.75px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 163.75 22.549999" width="163.75" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,22.55)"> <g transform="translate(72,-53.96)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,59.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.01,56.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3497438" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.537744" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-51.76,59.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.191385" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-28.68,56.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-23.84,59.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.016103" y="0"> −</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <g> <path d="m 2.53,70.71 23.96,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,2.53,59.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,9.4,56.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,14.25,59.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.240437" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.403936" y="0"> /</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.87977" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,41.47,56.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,46.28,54.06)"> <tspan style="font-size: 6.25px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,49.89,56.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9144161" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.6537919" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,在那里<gydF4y2Basvg height="14.6875" id="M7" style="vertical-align:-3.20526pt;width:30.075001px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 30.075001 14.6875" width="30.075001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.6875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.25)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-60.23,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>脑电图幅度<gydF4y2Basvg height="7.1374998" id="M8" style="vertical-align:-0.10033pt;width:7.8874998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 7.8874998 7.1374998" width="7.8874998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.1375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-66.29)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>通道(电极)的时间<gydF4y2Basvg height="9.125" id="M9" style="vertical-align:-0.11285pt;width:5.0124998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 5.0124998 9.125" width="5.0124998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,9.125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-64.7)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.86)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>刺激出现后,<gydF4y2Basvg height="19.8375" id="M10" style="vertical-align:-3.20526pt;width:30.075001px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 30.075001 19.8375" width="30.075001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,19.8375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-56.13)"> <g> <path d="m -71.95,70.71 23.97,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,59.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,56.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-60.23,59.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>的平均值<gydF4y2Basvg height="14.6875" id="M11" style="vertical-align:-3.20526pt;width:30.075001px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 30.075001 14.6875" width="30.075001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.6875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.25)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.07,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-60.23,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.0769377" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,<gydF4y2Basvg height="13.5125" id="M12" style="vertical-align:-5.37971pt;width:31.15px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 31.15 13.5125" width="31.15" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.5125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.19)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.61,63.47)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-59.8,61.28)"> <tspan style="font-size: 6.25px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-56.19,63.47)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.9144161" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.6537919" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>所有培训的标准偏差的例子目标和不属预定目标的训练集的录音。当结合所有这些特性,我们得到一个特征向量<gydF4y2Basvg height="17.424999" id="M13" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:109.1375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 109.1375 17.424999" width="109.1375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,17.425)"> <g transform="translate(72,-58.06)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,61.23)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.6268301" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.667219" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.830717" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-41.17,58.11)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-36.3,61.23)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.2012482" y="0"> …</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.79225" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.006001" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-4.35,58.11)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,4.38,61.23)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ]</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,8.54,66.24)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,这是用作输入的线性分类器<gydF4y2Basvg height="17.424999" id="M14" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:272.98749px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 272.98749 17.424999" width="272.98749" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,17.425)"> <g transform="translate(72,-58.06)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,61.23)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.26,58.11)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-57.39,61.23)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-50.45,58.11)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-42.79,61.23)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.327718" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-21.76,58.11)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-16.89,61.23)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-9.95,58.11)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-2.29,61.23)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.327718" y="0"> ⋯</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.769163" y="0"> +</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.109383" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,46.52,58.11)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,55.26,61.23)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,62.19,58.11)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,73.71,61.23)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.327718" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.679962" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.720352" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,115.46,66.24)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,122.18,61.23)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.926662" y="0"> +</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>(进一步)或非线性的,<gydF4y2Basvg height="13.7875" id="M15" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:56.487499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 56.487499 13.7875" width="56.487499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.7875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.97)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.201488" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.364987" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.528486" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.729734" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.756901" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.97065" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.922318" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。因为我们使用<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.325" id="M16" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:13.2875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 13.2875 10.325" width="13.2875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>分数为特征,因为我们使用平衡训练集(相同数量的目标和不属预定目标的响应),参数<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.7375" id="M17" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt;width:7.4749999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 7.4749999 10.7375" width="7.4749999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.7375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.41)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>应该是接近于零。替换后的特征向量<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.925" id="M18" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:6.8874998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 6.8874998 10.925" width="6.8874998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.925)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.26)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>上述方程,我们获得的“距离”点在特征空间的边界(超平面线性情况下),分离的目标不属预定目标的类,有迹象表明点所属的类。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba训练后的分类器,每个主题数执行<我>在线</我>测试会话期间,他被要求<我>米我nd-type</我>几句话。在稍事休息的情况下,(s)他奉命类型进一步没有试图纠正错误(“退格”是不允许的)。输入性能(比正确输入字符)是用于估计的分类精度。这些在线测试会话,我们认为是一个线性SVM分类器训练数据平均超过15试验。因此,每个主题试图基于15行/列强化类型字符。约36个字符被每个主题类型。这个数字略不同主题之间,因为有些科目选择字符拼写自己拼写(免费)。在输入过程中,脑电图数据存储为进一步(<我>离线</我>)分析基于一个较小的数目<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.7375" id="M19" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt;width:8.6000004px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.6000004 10.7375" width="8.6000004" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.7375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.41)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>试验(在本例中我们使用<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.7375" id="M20" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt;width:8.6000004px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.6000004 10.7375" width="8.6000004" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.7375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.41)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>15个试验的组合对于每个输入字符,用于评估的准确性)。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba测试阶段不同训练阶段的信号段的分组方式。在培训期间,系统“知道”到底是哪一个36随时可能的字符是出席了主题的时间(复制拼写)。基于这些信息,收集到的信号段只能分成两类:目标(参加)和不属预定目标的(不参加)。然而,在测试过程中,系统并不知道哪个角色是出席了这个话题,和唯一的分组是通过有意义的方式刺激类型(在该范例可以12种类型:6行6列)。因此,在测试阶段,对于每一个试验,我们有12段(从12个类型)的1000 ms从每个电极EEG数据记录。平均每个电极脑电图反应是每个刺激类型决定。所选特征的平均数据被送入分类器(见部分<一个href="#sec3">3</一个>)。结果,分类器产生12(每行/列)值<gydF4y2Basvg height="14.6" id="M21" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:72.412498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 72.412498 14.6" width="72.412498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.6)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.32)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.6,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-57.72,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.2012482" y="0"> …</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.79225" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.993498" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-27.53,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-18.28,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>它描述的类边界的距离特征空间,一起的迹象。行索引<gydF4y2Basvg height="13.6625" id="M22" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:10.075px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 10.075 13.6625" width="10.075" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.6625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.07)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-68.06,61.12)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和列索引<gydF4y2Basvg height="13.775" id="M23" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:10.7px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 10.7 13.775" width="10.7" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.775)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.98)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.25)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-68.06,61.12)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>机密性质的计算<gydF4y2Baspan class="equation" id="eq1"> <svg height="28.262501" id="M24" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 28.262501" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,28.2625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-49.39)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,81.51,61.13)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,85.4,58.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,92.94,61.13)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 一个</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.579218" y="0"> r</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.742718" y="0"> g</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.658558" y="0"> 米</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.385891" y="0"> 一个</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="50.937222" y="0"> x</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,125.11,53.15)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.7169924" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="13.092992" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="15.280992" y="0"> …</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="24.032991" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="26.220991" y="0"> 6</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,157.79,58.62)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.1900001" y="-2.51"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,170.17,58.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,173.39,58.62)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.2700005" y="-2.51"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.401031" y="-2.51"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,211.69,58.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,219.73,61.13)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 一个</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.579218" y="0"> r</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.742718" y="0"> g</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.846581" y="0"> 米</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="47.573914" y="0"> 一个</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="53.125248" y="0"> x</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,251.9,53.22)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.7169924" y="0"> 7</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="13.092992" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="15.280992" y="0"> …</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="24.032991" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="26.220991" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="30.596992" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,288.96,58.62)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.1900001" y="-2.51"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,301.33,58.01)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,304.55,58.62)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.9700003" y="-2.51"> −</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.310221" y="-2.51"> 6</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.561722" y="-2.51"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="169.57001" y="-2.51"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="173.73351" y="-2.51"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="179.985" y="-2.51"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span>这个角色的十字路口<gydF4y2Basvg height="17.75" id="M25" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:15.35px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 15.35 17.75" width="15.35" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,17.75)"> <g transform="translate(72,-57.8)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,60.97)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-68.06,65.97)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="8.1199999"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7393761" y="0"> ℎ</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>行和<gydF4y2Basvg height="17.875" id="M26" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:15.35px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 15.35 17.875" width="15.35" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,17.875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-57.7)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,60.97)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-68.06,65.97)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="8.1199999"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7393761" y="0"> ℎ</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>列矩阵然后作为分类的结果,作为一个反馈,这个主题,在线模式。</p><gydF4y2Bah4 id="classification-methods">3所示。分类方法</gydF4y2Bah4> <h5 id="sec3.1">3.1。Fisher线性判别分析</gydF4y2Bah5> <p>Fisher线性判别分析(LDA)是一种最广泛使用的分类器在P300 BCI系统(<一个href="#B10">10</一个>,<gydF4y2Ba一个href="#B15">15</一个>]。据报道,甚至比其他分类器(<一个href="#B11">11</一个>]。其主要思想是找到的投影<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.325" id="M27" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:14.8375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 14.8375 10.325" width="14.8375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>维特征空间到一维空间<gydF4y2Basvg height="13.7375" id="M28" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:26.5625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 26.5625 13.7375" width="26.5625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.7375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.01)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,61.23)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.92,66.24)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-56.21,61.23)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>的两个类之间的方差的比值(目标和不属预定目标的)和类内方差最大。这个“最优”投影估计<gydF4y2Basvg height="18.3375" id="M29" style="vertical-align:-3.49493pt;width:193.3875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 193.3875 18.3375" width="193.3875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,18.3375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-57.33)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,60.86)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.490497" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.530886" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.694386" y="0"> Σ</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-35.45,57.74)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> −</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.99512" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-21.8,60.86)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> Σ</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-2.65,57.74)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> +</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.99512" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,8.22,60.86)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,12.38,66.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> −</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.99512" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,23.25,60.86)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,35.03,57.74)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> +</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.99512" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,48.67,60.86)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,67.63,57.74)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> −</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.99512" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,78.5,60.86)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,在那里<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.475" id="M30" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:9.875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.875 10.475" width="9.875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.475)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.62)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.67)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> Σ</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<gydF4y2Basvg height="9.6750002" id="M31" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:9.6374998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.6374998 9.6750002" width="9.6374998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,9.675)"> <g transform="translate(72,-64.26)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>定义两个类的协方差和手段(目标和不属预定目标的)需要分离。</p><gydF4y2Bah5 id="sec3.2">3.2。逐步线性判别分析</gydF4y2Bah5> <p>逐步线性判别分析(SWLDA)已经被用于患者P300 BCI拼字的研究(<一个href="#B4">4</一个>,<gydF4y2Ba一个href="#B5">5</一个>]。它可以被看作是一个扩展的LDA合并过滤特征选择。SWLDA添加和删除从一个线性判别模型,基于他们在回归的统计学意义,因此,生产模型训练数据可调。结果表明:SWLDA执行同样甚至P300 BCIs(比其他分类方法<一个href="#B10">10</一个>]。对于我们的比较,我们使用相同的程序在<一个href="#B10">10</一个>)(在向前一步,入口处宽容<gydF4y2Basvg height="11.175" id="M32" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt;width:89.425003px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 89.425003 11.175" width="89.425003" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.175)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.06)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.41)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.2897291" y="0"> - - - - - -</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.453228" y="0"> v</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.467171" y="0"> 一个</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.018503" y="0"> l</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.494337" y="0"> u</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.745838" y="0"> e</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="43.760502" y="0"> <</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="55.800888" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="62.052387" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="65.178139" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>;在倒退,退出宽容<gydF4y2Basvg height="11.25" id="M33" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt;width:97.237503px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 97.237503 11.25" width="97.237503" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.25)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.2897291" y="0"> - - - - - -</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.453228" y="0"> v</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.467171" y="0"> 一个</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.018503" y="0"> l</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.494337" y="0"> u</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.745838" y="0"> e</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="43.760502" y="0"> ></gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="55.800888" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="62.052387" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="65.178139" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="71.429642" y="0"> 5</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)。过程是迭代,直到收敛或直到它达到一个预定义的60多的特性。</p><gydF4y2Bah5 id="sec3.3">3.3。贝叶斯线性判别分析</gydF4y2Bah5> <p>贝叶斯线性判别分析(BLDA)已经被用于患者P300 BCI研究[<一个href="#B7">7</一个>]。它是基于一个概率回归网络。假设目标<gydF4y2Basvg height="13.0125" id="M34" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:9.0375004px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.0375004 13.0125" width="9.0375004" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.0125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.59)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.86)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-68.04,61.74)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>(对于这些是一个分类问题<gydF4y2Basvg height="11.325" id="M35" style="vertical-align:-0.51414pt;width:18.65px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 18.65 11.325" width="18.65" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.94)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.5645552" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和−1)线性依赖于观察到的特性<gydF4y2Basvg height="18.862499" id="M36" style="vertical-align:-4.25601pt;width:114.725px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 114.725 18.862499" width="114.725" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,18.8625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-56.91)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,61.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-66.54,66.56)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-59.84,61.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.191385" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-35.2,66.27)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="-1.5" y="9.3100004"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-31.83,61.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.2012482" y="0"> …</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.79225" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.006001" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,1.62,66.27)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="-1.5" y="9.1099997"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,8.85,61.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ]</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,13.01,66.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>加性高斯噪声项<gydF4y2Basvg height="11.0125" id="M37" style="vertical-align:-3.20526pt;width:13.75px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 13.75 11.0125" width="13.75" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.19)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.9,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>:<gydF4y2Basvg height="17.5875" id="M38" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:88.137497px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 88.137497 17.5875" width="88.137497" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,17.5875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-57.93)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,61.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-68.04,58.08)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-61.34,61.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-40.28,66.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-33.57,61.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-28.15,66.56)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-22.15,61.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.327718" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-4.76,58.08)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。进一步假设一个独立的一代的例子从一个数据集,所有数据的可能性<gydF4y2Basvg height="19.799999" id="M39" style="vertical-align:-3.80836pt;width:337.875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 337.875 19.799999" width="337.875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,19.8)"> <g transform="translate(72,-56.16)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,60)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.1139669" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.277466" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.266644" y="0"> |</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.855244" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.88241" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.083656" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-28.51,65)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-23.64,60)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.67" y="0.02"> ∏</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.6268301" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,10.62,66.24)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="9.9399996"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="9.9399996"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.7169924" y="9.9399996"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,24.21,60)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.016823" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,49.57,65)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,54.44,60)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,58.61,65.17)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> −</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.99512" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.37112" y="0"> /</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="12.804176" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,78.37,60)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> e</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.551332" y="0"> x</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.802832" y="0"> p</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.217831" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.38133" y="0"> −</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.945885" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.109383" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,121.4,56.88)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,127.39,60)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,147.77,65)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,154.48,60)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,159.89,65.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,163.11,60)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,167.27,65.17)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,172.15,60)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> /</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="3.4758339" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.727334" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,189.22,65)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,194.09,60)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。此外,我们必须引入一个先验分布对所有作为一个零均值高斯权重<gydF4y2Baspan class="equation" id="eq2"> <svg height="50.287498" id="M40" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 50.287498" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,50.2875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-31.77)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,109.7,49.67)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.1894646" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.352964" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.855965" y="0"> ∣</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.645094" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.696785" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="46.336117" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,175.42,65.61)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,168.08,43.11)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,170.71,35.93)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.4045279" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.3996477" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,187.11,44.75)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.96" y="-12.17"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <g> <path d="m 195.67,52.79 13.85,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,195.67,40.91)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.05" y="-3.8399999"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.2515001" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,218.32,61.05)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> /</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.8090558" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,232.09,49.67)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.219999" y="4.9200001"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.58" y="0"> −</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.34" y="-7.25"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> e</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.551332" y="0"> x</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.802832" y="0"> p</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <g> <path d="m 271.43,52.79 7.05,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,271.83,40.91)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.8499999" y="-8.7600002"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,289.37,54.67)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="8.6899996"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,294.24,44.75)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.6899996" y="-4.9200001"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="179.88" y="-4.9200001"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="184.0435" y="-4.9200001"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="190.295" y="-4.9200001"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span>使用贝叶斯法则,我们可以定义后分布<gydF4y2Baspan class="equation" id="eq3"> <svg height="45.924999" id="M41" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 45.924999" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,45.925)"> <g transform="translate(72,-35.26)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,102.21,50.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.1999998" y="2.51"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.05" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.540497" y="0"> ∣</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.342129" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.505627" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="46.882877" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="53.93457" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="63.311821" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,172.87,55.46)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,177.75,47.94)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.3199997" y="-2.51"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.549999" y="-13.09"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.75" y="-10.58"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.599998" y="-13.09"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="44.22683" y="-13.09"> ∣</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="51.028461" y="-13.09"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="60.05563" y="-13.09"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="69.432877" y="-13.09"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,254.53,66.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,259.41,58.52)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.9299998" y="-2.51"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.119465" y="-2.51"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.282965" y="-2.51"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.785965" y="-2.51"> ∣</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.587597" y="-2.51"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="46.63929" y="-2.51"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <g> <path d="m 200.3,53.58 109.92,0" style="fill:none;stroke:#000000;stroke-width:0.82499999;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-opacity:1;stroke-dasharray:none"></path> </g> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,223.77,39.88)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.1999998" y="2.52"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.05" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.67683" y="0"> ∣</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.478462" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.530155" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="44.907406" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,276.02,43.32)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,280.9,37.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.51" y="-13.09"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="193.22" y="-13.15"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="197.3835" y="-13.15"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="203.63499" y="-13.15"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span>这是一个高斯和的意思吗<gydF4y2Basvg height="19.924999" id="M42" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:152.41251px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 152.41251 19.924999" width="152.41251" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,19.925)"> <g transform="translate(72,-56.06)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,58.4)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.077658" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.118048" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.281546" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-37.02,63.57)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-30.31,58.4)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> +</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.75522" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-1.21,63.4)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,3.66,58.4)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.051692" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.915359" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,19.74,66.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> −</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.99512" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,30.61,58.4)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,38.25,63.57)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,44.96,58.4)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和协方差矩阵<gydF4y2Basvg height="16.75" id="M43" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:143.825px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 143.825 16.75" width="143.825" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.75)"> <g transform="translate(72,-58.6)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,60.86)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> Σ</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.265203" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.305592" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-41.3,65.87)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-36.42,60.86)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-24.62,66.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-17.91,60.86)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> +</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.75522" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,11.19,65.87)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,16.07,60.86)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.0391889" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.902856" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,32.14,66.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> −</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.99512" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,在那里<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.6875" id="M44" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:6.1999998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 6.1999998 10.6875" width="6.1999998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.6875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.45)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>是单位矩阵,<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.6875" id="M45" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:9.6750002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.6750002 10.6875" width="9.6750002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.6875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.45)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>一个矩阵每行对应一个培训的例子在特征空间,和<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.1625" id="M46" style="vertical-align:-0.15048pt;width:6.2624998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 6.2624998 10.1625" width="6.2624998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.1625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.87)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>一个列向量的标签(分类)对所有相应的训练例子。因此,我们的超平面形式<gydF4y2Basvg height="16.375" id="M47" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:24.799999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 24.799999 16.375" width="24.799999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-58.9)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,61.23)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.34,66.24)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-57.62,61.23)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。这个解决方案相当于惩罚最小二乘估计<gydF4y2Basvg height="21.737499" id="M48" style="vertical-align:-5.35329pt;width:310.01251px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 310.01251 21.737499" width="310.01251" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,21.7375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-54.61)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,60)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.9271421" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.090641" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.117807" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.744637" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="41.785027" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.948524" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="52.200024" y="0"> /</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="55.675858" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="61.927361" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-2.68,65)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,2.2,60)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.25" y="0.02"> ∑</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,19.87,66.24)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="9.9399996"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="9.9399996"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.7169924" y="9.9399996"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,33.46,60)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,41.54,56.88)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,47.54,60)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,67.91,65)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,74.62,60)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,80.04,65.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,83.26,60)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,87.42,65.17)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,95.07,60)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.540001" y="0.02"> ∑</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.50372" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.555412" y="0"> /</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.031246" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.282745" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,145.03,66.24)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="9.9399996"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.4045279" y="9.9399996"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.3996477" y="9.9399996"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,161.39,60)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,171.08,65)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="8.6899996"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>(<一个href="#B16">16</一个>]。回归参数(<gydF4y2Basvg height="13.9375" id="M49" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt;width:15.3875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 15.3875 13.9375" width="15.3875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.9375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.85)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,61.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-64.61,66.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<gydF4y2Basvg height="7.1750002" id="M50" style="vertical-align:-0.1254pt;width:8.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.9375 7.1750002" width="8.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.175)"> <g transform="translate(72,-66.26)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)与自动调谐,迭代过程(<一个href="#B7">7</一个>]。</p><gydF4y2Bah5 id="sec3.4">3.4。线性支持向量机</gydF4y2Bah5> <p>在P300 BCI研究中,线性支持向量机(SVM)被认为是一个更准确的分类器(<一个href="#B10">10</一个>,<gydF4y2Ba一个href="#B17">17</一个>]。一个线性支持向量机的主要想法是找到分离超平面,两个类之间的关系,从而使超平面之间的距离两类是最大和最接近的点。换句话说,我们需要两个类之间的利润最大化(<一个href="#B18">18</一个>]。因为它并非总是如此,两个类是线性可分的,线性支持向量机的想法也是广义的数据点可以属于保证金(甚至是在错误的一边的决策边界)通过添加正则化项。对于我们的分析,我们使用基于线性最小二乘支持向量机的方法(<一个href="#B19">19</一个>解决最小化问题<gydF4y2Basvg height="20.512501" id="M51" style="vertical-align:-4.37273pt;width:200.5125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 200.5125 20.512501" width="200.5125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,20.5125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-55.59)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,60)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 米</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.727334" y="0"> 我</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.203168" y="0"> n</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-48.33,56.88)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="6.318944" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.5069437" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="12.620384" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="14.808384" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-29.13,60)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.3269978" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.578498" y="0"> /</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.054333" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.305832" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.469332" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,8.36,65)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,15.07,60)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.75" y="0.02"> ∑</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.0271664" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.966331" y="0"> +</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.306553" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,62.25,66.24)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="9.9399996"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="9.9399996"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.7169924" y="9.9399996"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,77.92,60)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,83.49,65)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="8.6899996"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>关于<gydF4y2Basvg height="17.5875" id="M52" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:133.6125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 133.6125 17.5875" width="133.6125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,17.5875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-57.93)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,61.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.75,58.08)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.53,61.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-49.34,66.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-42.63,61.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-37.21,66.56)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-31.21,61.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.327718" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.204128" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.84346" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.88385" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.911015" y="0"> −</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="57.251236" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,31.62,58.08)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,<gydF4y2Basvg height="12.8875" id="M53" style="vertical-align:-1.76814pt;width:71.212502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 71.212502 12.8875" width="71.212502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.8875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.69)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.3517642" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.392153" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.643654" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.857405" y="0"> …</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.435902" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="50.649654" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,在那里<gydF4y2Basvg height="13.5625" id="M54" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:10.9125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 10.9125 13.5625" width="10.9125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.5625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.15)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,61.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-66.54,66.56)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>对应于特征空间的训练点,和<gydF4y2Basvg height="11.025" id="M55" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:11.9px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.9 11.025" width="11.9" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.025)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.18)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.75,63.32)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>是相关联的输出(<gydF4y2Basvg height="11.325" id="M56" style="vertical-align:-0.51414pt;width:18.65px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 18.65 11.325" width="18.65" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.94)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.5645552" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>为响应的目标刺激和−1不属预定目标的刺激)。正则化参数估计通过一条线搜索交叉验证的结果。</p><gydF4y2Bah5 id="sec3.5">3.5。非线性支持向量机</gydF4y2Bah5> <p>在这里,我们使用支持向量机与高斯径向基函数<gydF4y2Basvg height="17.5875" id="M57" style="vertical-align:-2.72118pt;width:191.46249px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 191.46249 17.5875" width="191.46249" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,17.5875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-57.93)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,60.69)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.5272856" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.690785" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-52.85,66.05)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-49.63,60.69)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.2137508" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-39,66.05)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-34.57,60.69)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.6268301" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.667219" y="0"> e</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.218552" y="0"> x</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.470051" y="0"> p</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="41.885052" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="46.04855" y="0"> −</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="54.613106" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="60.964626" y="0"> 为</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="67.5037" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,38.36,66.05)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,44.35,60.69)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> −</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,61.11,66.05)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,65.54,60.69)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 为</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,72.08,66.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,76.95,60.69)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,<gydF4y2Basvg height="13.6125" id="M58" style="vertical-align:-2.34499pt;width:35.262501px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 35.262501 13.6125" width="35.262501" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.6125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.11)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.8148546" y="0"> ></gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.855244" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>作为一个内核。在我们的实验中,我们选择了SVMlight包(<一个href="#B20">20.</一个>]。支持向量机的结果,新样本,是一个值<gydF4y2Basvg height="18.3125" id="M59" style="vertical-align:-3.80836pt;width:207.66251px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 207.66251 18.3125" width="207.66251" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,18.3125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-57.35)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,61.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="59.529999" y="0.02"> ∑</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.201488" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.364987" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.528486" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.729734" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.756901" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.97065" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.847061" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="47.486393" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-1,67.43)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="9.9300003"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="9.9300003"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.7169924" y="9.9300003"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,14.68,61.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,24.37,58.08)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,27.59,61.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,33.79,58.08)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,37.01,61.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.5272856" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.690785" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.854284" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.055532" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,65.49,66.56)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,69.92,61.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.926662" y="0"> +</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,在那里<gydF4y2Basvg height="16.875" id="M60" style="vertical-align:-4.77652pt;width:10.8625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 10.8625 16.875" width="10.8625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-58.5)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-67.79,60.18)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>是支持向量选择从训练集与已知的类标签吗<gydF4y2Basvg height="14.775" id="M61" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:79.137497px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 79.137497 14.775" width="79.137497" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.775)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.18)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-65.75,60.32)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-59.06,63.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ∈</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.040389" y="0"> {</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.041828" y="0"> −</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.606384" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.857883" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.059132" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="44.310631" y="0"> }</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,<gydF4y2Basvg height="11.3375" id="M62" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:16.262501px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16.262501 11.3375" width="16.262501" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.3375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.93)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-62.26,63.07)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>拉格朗日乘数法。的标志<gydF4y2Basvg height="13.7875" id="M63" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:55.137501px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 55.137501 13.7875" width="55.137501" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.7875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.97)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.201488" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.364987" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.528486" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.729734" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.756901" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.97065" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.847061" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>估计类的示例<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.925" id="M64" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:6.8874998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 6.8874998 10.925" width="6.8874998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.925)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.26)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.31)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>属于。对于我们的nSVM分类器,通过对一个搜索<gydF4y2Basvg height="13.6125" id="M65" style="vertical-align:-2.34499pt;width:35.474998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 35.474998 13.6125" width="35.474998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.6125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.11)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.553012" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.754259" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.105783" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>(<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.6125" id="M66" style="vertical-align:-0.15048pt;width:11.8625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.8625 10.6125" width="11.8625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.6125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.51)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.71)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>正则化参数和吗<gydF4y2Basvg height="9.9375" id="M67" style="vertical-align:-2.34499pt;width:8.0625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.0625 9.9375" width="8.0625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,9.9375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-64.05)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>内核参数)进行使用5倍交叉验证的网格<gydF4y2Basvg height="17.0375" id="M68" style="vertical-align:-2.34499pt;width:295.27499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 295.27499 17.0375" width="295.27499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,17.0375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-58.37)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,60.76)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.553012" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.754259" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.105783" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.745117" y="0"> ∶</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="41.609985" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.773483" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-19.92,65.93)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> −</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.99512" y="0"> 5</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-9.05,60.76)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.2012482" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,2.41,65.93)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> −</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.99512" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,13.28,60.76)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.2012482" y="0"> …</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.79225" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.993498" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,44.54,65.93)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="0"> 6</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,53.79,60.76)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ]</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.926662" y="0"> ×</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="17.716751" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.880251" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,81.92,65.93)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> −</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.99512" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.37112" y="0"> 5</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,97.17,60.76)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.2012482" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,108.63,65.93)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> −</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="5.99512" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.37112" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,123.88,60.76)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.2012482" y="0"> …</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.79225" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.993498" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,155.13,65.93)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 6</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,160.01,60.76)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ]</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。</p><gydF4y2Bah5 id="sec3.6">3.6。基于特征提取的方法</gydF4y2Bah5> <p>另一个线性分类器中使用P300 BCI研究[<一个href="#B13">13</一个>)依赖于一维的线性版本<我>特征提取</我>(FE)方法提出Leiva-Murillo和Artes-Rodriguez [<一个href="#B21">21</一个>]。“最佳”子空间搜索的方法(估计)之间的互信息最大化的集合预测<gydF4y2Basvg height="16.387501" id="M69" style="vertical-align:-2.26974pt;width:73.349998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 73.349998 16.387501" width="73.349998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.3875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-58.89)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,61.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.152436" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.192825" y="0"> {</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.194265" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-34.72,66.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-28.01,61.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-22.6,66.56)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-19.38,61.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> }</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和一组<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.325" id="M70" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:11.225px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.225 10.325" width="11.225" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>相应的标签<gydF4y2Basvg height="14.775" id="M71" style="vertical-align:-3.2316pt;width:86.987503px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 86.987503 14.775" width="86.987503" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.775)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.18)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-68.04,60.32)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-61.34,63.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> {</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.029325" y="0"> −</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.593882" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.845383" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.059132" y="0"> +</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="46.623688" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="52.875187" y="0"> }</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。根据(<一个href="#B21">21</一个>)之间的互信息的预测<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.325" id="M72" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:11.6125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.6125 10.325" width="11.6125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和相应的标签<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.6125" id="M73" style="vertical-align:-0.15048pt;width:11.8625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.8625 10.6125" width="11.8625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.6125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.51)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.71)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>可以被估计为<gydF4y2Basvg height="23.6" id="M74" style="vertical-align:-6.33629pt;width:328.20001px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 328.20001 23.6" width="328.20001" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,23.6)"> <g transform="translate(72,-53.12)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,59.49)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="50.130001" y="0.029999999"> ∑</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.00144" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.164939" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.854044" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.055292" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.444805" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.084137" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-10.39,66.24)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-2.95,64.05)"> <tspan style="font-size: 6.25px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-10.39,54.77)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.2797279" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="10.274848" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,6.84,59.49)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.1139669" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.277466" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,21.03,56.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,25.81,59.49)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.3269978" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.078618" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.242117" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.394552" y="0"> ∣</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.196186" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,65.92,56.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,70.7,59.49)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.9391651" y="0"> −</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.279387" y="0"> l</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.75522" y="0"> o</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.00672" y="0"> g</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.421719" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.760979" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="49.92448" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="60.089417" y="0"> ∣</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="66.891052" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,141.51,56.36)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,146.29,59.49)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="4.1634989" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.102664" y="0"> −</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.442884" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.194506" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="33.358006" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.047108" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,<gydF4y2Basvg height="14.7" id="M75" style="vertical-align:-3.21404pt;width:44.674999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 44.674999 14.7" width="44.674999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.7)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-61.31,60.37)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-54.6,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.027886" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>类的数量,<gydF4y2Basvg height="16.8125" id="M76" style="vertical-align:-4.74141pt;width:32.1875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 32.1875 16.8125" width="32.1875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,16.8125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-58.55)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.32)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.152436" y="0"> ∣</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.954067" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-51.08,60.2)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>的投影<gydF4y2Basvg height="9.875" id="M77" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:7.7624998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 7.7624998 9.875" width="7.7624998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,9.875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-64.1)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.44)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>类的数据点的方向上<gydF4y2Basvg height="7.5500002" id="M78" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:11.4125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.4125 7.5500002" width="11.4125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,7.55)"> <g transform="translate(72,-65.96)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.19)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,<gydF4y2Basvg height="13.45" id="M79" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:24.174999px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 24.174999 13.45" width="24.174999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.45)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.3267579" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.490257" y="0"> ⋅</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.066115" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>标准偏差,<gydF4y2Basvg height="13.45" id="M80" style="vertical-align:-2.21957pt;width:23.4375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 23.4375 13.45" width="23.4375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,13.45)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.24)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.7516198" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.915119" y="0"> ⋅</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="14.490977" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>负熵,估计使用Hyvarinen的健壮的估计量<一个href="#B22">22</一个>]。</p><gydF4y2Bah5 id="sec3.7">3.7。人工神经网络</gydF4y2Bah5> <p>为了比较,我们也考虑一个多层前馈神经网络(NN)与一个隐藏层和反曲的激活函数,这被证明是一个普遍的近似者(<一个href="#B23">23</一个>]。因此,我们的分类器形式<gydF4y2Baspan class="equation" id="eq4"> <svg height="52.587502" id="M81" preserveaspectratio="xMaxYMin" style="vertical-align:-0pt;width:700.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 700.9375 52.587502" width="700.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,52.5875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-29.93)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,100.67,47.82)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.2769861" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.440485" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.603985" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.817736" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.8449" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.058651" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="43.010319" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="50.63715" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,166.64,63.76)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,163.36,41.27)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,164.89,34.09)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="2.7218721" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="8.7169924" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,179.51,47.82)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,189.2,52.82)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="8.6899996"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,194.07,47.82)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.63" y="9.7399998"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,219.76,63.76)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,215.8,41.27)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,216.99,34.09)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.4045279" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="9.3996477" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,231.95,47.82)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,241.64,52.82)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="8.6899996"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="3.4045279" y="8.6899996"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,248.27,47.82)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,255.21,44.69)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,262.41,47.82)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.340221" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,279.63,44.69)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,282.85,38.08)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.89" y="-9.7399998"> +</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.217718" y="-9.7399998"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.094128" y="-9.7399998"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="191.27" y="-9.7600002"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="195.4335" y="-9.7600002"> 4</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="201.685" y="-9.7600002"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg></span>在哪里<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.325" id="M82" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:17.237499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.237499 10.325" width="17.237499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>隐层神经元的数目,与反曲的激活功能<gydF4y2Basvg height="14.075" id="M83" style="vertical-align:-2.72118pt;width:135.58749px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 135.58749 14.075" width="135.58749" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.075)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.7268538" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.890353" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="15.803792" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="23.430622" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="35.471012" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="41.722511" y="0"> /</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="45.198345" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="49.361843" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="58.389011" y="0"> +</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="69.729233" y="0"> e</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="75.280563" y="0"> x</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="81.532066" y="0"> p</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="91.959564" y="0"> (</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="96.123062" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="100.03651" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="104.2" y="0"> )</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>,<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.325" id="M84" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:14.8375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 14.8375 10.325" width="14.8375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>观察到的数量特征,<gydF4y2Basvg height="14.6625" id="M85" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:120.025px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 120.025 14.6625" width="120.025" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.6625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-60.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.414999" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.455387" y="0"> {</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.456827" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-37.61,60.32)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-32.74,63.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.2137508" y="0"> …</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.79225" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.006001" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-1.85,60.32)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,6.88,63.45)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.2012482" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="11.077658" y="0"> }</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>和<gydF4y2Basvg height="19.0375" id="M86" style="vertical-align:-4.22832pt;width:215.45px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 215.45 19.0375" width="215.45" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,19.0375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-56.77)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,61.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.490497" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.530886" y="0"> {</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="30.532326" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-31.72,66.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="9.21"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-26.85,61.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.2012482" y="0"> …</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.79225" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.006001" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,7.85,66.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="9.0100002"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,17.93,61.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.2012482" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,32.83,66.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="9.21"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="4.3759999" y="9.21"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,42.08,61.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="5.2012482" y="0"> …</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="19.79225" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.006001" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,76.78,66.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="9.0100002"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="7.4479518" y="9.0100002"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,94.31,61.03)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> }</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>分别设置阈值和权重系数。后者是优化使用培训过程基于Levenberg-Marquardt反向传播方法,期望的结果的神经网络组<gydF4y2Basvg height="11.325" id="M87" style="vertical-align:-0.51414pt;width:18.65px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 18.65 11.325" width="18.65" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.94)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> +</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="8.5645552" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>或−1(目标或不属预定目标的),根据类属于个人培训例子。因为这样一个网络<gydF4y2Basvg height="11.325" id="M88" style="vertical-align:-0.51414pt;width:95.775002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 95.775002 11.325" width="95.775002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.94)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.640053" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="25.981234" y="0"> +</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="37.321453" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="43.572956" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="58.914135" y="0"> +</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="70.254356" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>参数被训练,它可以很容易地overfit训练数据的大量特性(<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.325" id="M89" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:14.8375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 14.8375 10.325" width="14.8375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>),以及大量的隐层神经元(<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.325" id="M90" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:17.237499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.237499 10.325" width="17.237499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)。为了避免这种情况,我们进行了5倍交叉验证与一条直线搜索隐藏的神经元的数目<gydF4y2Basvg height="12.8875" id="M91" style="vertical-align:-1.76814pt;width:89.925003px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 89.925003 12.8875" width="89.925003" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.8875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-61.69)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="16.028847" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.069235" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.320736" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="39.534485" y="0"> …</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="54.112984" y="0"> ,</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="59.326736" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="65.578232" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。最好的网络<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.325" id="M92" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:17.237499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 17.237499 10.325" width="17.237499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.74)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>进一步接受再培训,对整个训练集。</p><gydF4y2Bah4 id="results">4所示。结果</gydF4y2Bah4> <p>数据被记录在<我>在线</我>输入的单词/字符(在复制法术和自由拼模式)。为了评估所有分类器的分类性能考虑,我们选择了一个<我>离线</我>分析,在这种情况下,我们也评估了较小的增强序列的性能<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.7375" id="M93" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt;width:8.6000004px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.6000004 10.7375" width="8.6000004" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.7375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.41)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。这成为可能,因为我们的在线拼写进行15强化每行和每列的任何字符类型。这也允许我们建立一个更大数量的测试数据<gydF4y2Basvg height="11.25" id="M94" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt;width:43.612499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 43.612499 11.25" width="43.612499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.25)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.239957" y="0"> <</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.280346" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.531845" y="0"> 5</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。这样做是通过组合<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.7375" id="M95" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt;width:8.6000004px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.6000004 10.7375" width="8.6000004" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.7375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.41)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>元素可用15每行和每列的反应。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba性能结果如图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cin/2011/519868/fig3/" target="_blank">3</一个>为每个病人,平均性能结果图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cin/2011/519868/fig4/" target="_blank">4</一个>,平均超过所有科目。为了验证统计显著性的比较,我们使用重复测量双向方差分析(与“方法”和“强化序列”因素)与Greenhouse-Geisser校正(<gydF4y2Basvg height="11.0625" id="M96" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt;width:63.962502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 63.962502 11.0625" width="63.962502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0625)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.15)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.890113" y="0"> <</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.930502" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.182001" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.307751" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.559254" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="44.810753" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>对“方法”)和因素<我>事后</我>根据土耳其LSD多重比较检验对所有方法。我们发现的准确性一般BLDA显著(<gydF4y2Basvg height="12.3" id="M97" style="vertical-align:-1.29163pt;width:56.150002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 56.150002 12.3" width="56.150002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.3)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.16)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.890113" y="0"> ≤</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.930502" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.182001" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.307751" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.559254" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)比其他任何除了高斯核支持向量机分类器(nSVM与BLDA<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.9125" id="M98" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:63.962502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 63.962502 10.9125" width="63.962502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.890113" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.930502" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.182001" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.307751" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.559254" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="44.810753" y="0"> 7</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>),自后,对于一些主题,并强化的一些数字<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.7375" id="M99" style="vertical-align:-0.13794pt;width:8.6000004px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 8.6000004 10.7375" width="8.6000004" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.7375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.41)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.6)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>平均,获得更好的结果。线性和非线性支持向量机的结果(不显示任何显著差异)是第二个最好的。至于SWLDA和LDA排名第三,SWLDA表现略好,但不显著。最糟糕的结果是获得特征提取(FE)方法和多层前馈神经网络(NN)。</p><gydF4y2Badiv class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig3"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig3"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="519868.fig.003" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cin/volume-2011/519868/figures/519868.fig.003.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图3</gydF4y2Baspan> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cin/2011/519868/fig3/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> 分类精度的函数强化的数量,每一个主题,和所有考虑分类器:贝叶斯线性判别分析(BLDA), Fisher线性判别分析(LDA),逐步线性判别分析(SWLDA),基于特征提取的方法(FE),线性支持向量机(SVM),多层感知器(NN)和高斯核支持向量机(nSVM)。</gydF4y2Batable> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig4"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig4"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="519868.fig.004" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cin/volume-2011/519868/figures/519868.fig.004.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图4</gydF4y2Baspan> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cin/2011/519868/fig4/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> 平均分类精度的函数强化所有考虑分类器的数量。</gydF4y2Batable> </div> </div> </div> <p>我们也分析了错误的分布类型字符(参见图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cin/2011/519868/fig5/" target="_blank">5</一个>)。我们发现,对于所有分类器,一行或列的误分类主要是发生在靠近的目标人物的(代表的中心情节)。调查任何可能的误差分布的差异为每个分类器,我们计算水平(列)和垂直(行)之间的标准差(std)类型和预期的字符,和情节这是集约化的数量(图的函数<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cin/2011/519868/fig6/" target="_blank">6</一个>)。BLDA分类器的情况下一起行和BLDA nSVM列的情况下产生,在一般情况下,最小的性病,这表明这些分类器导致更少的错误的答案。为了验证统计显著性的比较,我们使用重复测量三方使用以下因素方差分析对std级别:“方法”(进一步<我>事后</我>多重比较的所有两两组合分类器),“方向”(两个水平因素,相应的行和列),和“强化序列”(15)水平。我们发现错误的分布在目标人物,基于BLDA,一般来说,明显(<gydF4y2Basvg height="12.3" id="M100" style="vertical-align:-1.29163pt;width:56.150002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 56.150002 12.3" width="56.150002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.3)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.16)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.890113" y="0"> ≤</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.930502" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.182001" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.307751" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.559254" y="0"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>为因素“方法”)小于其他分类器,除了nSVM (nSVM与BLDA<gydF4y2Basvg height="11.0375" id="M101" style="vertical-align:-0.27588pt;width:71.775002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 71.775002 11.0375" width="71.775002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0375)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.17)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.890113" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.930502" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.182001" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.307751" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.559254" y="0"> 8</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="44.810753" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="51.062252" y="0"> 9</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)。总体来说,这表明BLDA不仅产量更好的精度,但也会导致一个更小的分歧错误。我们也观察到垂直标准差一般小于水平(<gydF4y2Basvg height="12.4875" id="M102" style="vertical-align:-1.29163pt;width:56.150002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 56.150002 12.4875" width="56.150002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.4875)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.01)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.890113" y="0"> ≤</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.930502" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.182001" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.307751" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.559254" y="0"> 5</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>因子“方向”),特别是最准确的分类器,特别是经过5 - 6多强化序列。例如,对于BLDA(修复这种程度的因素“方法”在以前的模型),这种差异是显著的<gydF4y2Basvg height="12.3" id="M103" style="vertical-align:-1.29163pt;width:56.150002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 56.150002 12.3" width="56.150002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,12.3)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.16)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.890113" y="0"> ≤</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.930502" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="29.182001" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.307751" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.559254" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>。</p><gydF4y2Badiv class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig5"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig5"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="519868.fig.005a" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cin/volume-2011/519868/figures/519868.fig.005a.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="519868.fig.005b" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cin/volume-2011/519868/figures/519868.fig.005b.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="519868.fig.005c" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cin/volume-2011/519868/figures/519868.fig.005c.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="519868.fig.005d" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cin/volume-2011/519868/figures/519868.fig.005d.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="519868.fig.005e" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cin/volume-2011/519868/figures/519868.fig.005e.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="519868.fig.005f" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cin/volume-2011/519868/figures/519868.fig.005f.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="519868.fig.005g" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cin/volume-2011/519868/figures/519868.fig.005g.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs fig-thumbs-fig5"> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label=""><img alt="" name="519868.fig.005a" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cin/volume-2011/519868/figures/519868.fig.005a.jpg"><br><strong></strong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label=""><img alt="" name="519868.fig.005b" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cin/volume-2011/519868/figures/519868.fig.005b.jpg"><br><strong></strong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label=""><img alt="" name="519868.fig.005c" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cin/volume-2011/519868/figures/519868.fig.005c.jpg"><br><strong></strong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label=""><img alt="" name="519868.fig.005d" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cin/volume-2011/519868/figures/519868.fig.005d.jpg"><br><strong></strong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label=""><img alt="" name="519868.fig.005e" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cin/volume-2011/519868/figures/519868.fig.005e.jpg"><br><strong></strong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label=""><img alt="" name="519868.fig.005f" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cin/volume-2011/519868/figures/519868.fig.005f.jpg"><br><strong></strong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label=""><img alt="" name="519868.fig.005g" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cin/volume-2011/519868/figures/519868.fig.005g.jpg"><br><strong></strong></button> </div> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev fig-nav-fig5"> <button class="carousel-prev" aria-label="Previous"></button> <button class="carousel-next" aria-label="Next"></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图5</gydF4y2Baspan> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cin/2011/519868/fig5/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <svg height="10.9125" id="M104" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 43.612499 10.9125" width="43.612499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.239957" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.280346" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.531845" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg> <table> 分布(比例对所有输入字符)P300的拼字的输出gydF4y2Ba强化。细胞与零坐标对应于拼写正确字符,而其他细胞显示输入错误内容的结果。这些细胞的坐标显示错误的相对位置和指定字符。贝叶斯线性判别分析的结果提出(BLDA), Fisher线性判别分析(LDA),逐步线性判别分析(SWLDA),基于特征提取的方法(FE),线性支持向量机(SVM),多层感知器(NN)和高斯核支持向量机(nSVM)。</gydF4y2Batable> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig6"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig6"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="519868.fig.006" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cin/volume-2011/519868/figures/519868.fig.006.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图6</gydF4y2Baspan> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cin/2011/519868/fig6/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> 标准差的垂直距离(左面板)和类型之间的水平距离(右面板)和所需的字符,作为强化的数量的函数,对每个分类器:贝叶斯线性判别分析(BLDA), Fisher线性判别分析(LDA),逐步线性判别分析(SWLDA),基于特征提取的方法(FE),线性支持向量机(SVM),多层感知器(NN)和高斯核支持向量机(nSVM)。</gydF4y2Batable> </div> </div> </div> <h4 id="discussion">5。讨论</gydF4y2Bah4> <p>我们的比较表明,在一般情况下,非线性分类器执行糟糕或等于线性的。这是按照其他研究[<一个href="#B10">10</一个>- - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - -<gydF4y2Ba一个href="#B12">12</一个>),进行健康受试者。这可能是由于非线性分类器的趋势overfit训练数据,导致劣质泛化性能。这主要是相关的多层前馈神经网络,因为内核支持向量机被妥善处理高维数据和小训练集(<一个href="#B18">18</一个>]。在我们的研究中,高斯核支持向量机生成一个结果不显著不同的线性,但以牺牲一个详尽的网格搜索。从这,我们建议一个线性分类器对患者P300的拼写系统,还因为,来支持它<我>在线</我>适用性,我们必须减少分类器的训练时间。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba在所有分类的贝叶斯线性判别分析(BLDA)产生优越的结果,以支持向量机为第二个最好的,至少在组患者被认为是在我们的比较。而SVM构造以最大化两个类之间的边缘,BLDA试图最大化的概率培训数据与正确的类标签。因为两个分类器依赖于某些正则化参数,增加他们的最优选择泛化精度。这种优化使我们能够取得更好的结果P300基于支持向量机和BLDA拼字。在支持向量机的参数优化是通过一组离散的搜索参数,框架的交叉验证(因此,根据搜索算法,离散化的分辨率),BLDA包括一个自动调节的参数通过一个自动迭代过程。另一方面,BLDA依赖假定分布参数的分类错误和使用。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba从得到的分类结果,我们观察到不同的分类器导致不同的精度。一方面,这说明正确选择分类器的必要性目的P300 BCI的应用程序。但另一方面,这种多样性的结果可能会变成一个好处co-training方法通过结合不同的分类器(<一个href="#B15">15</一个>),提高分类性能。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba验证的分类器的性能和他们比较,我们使用过滤后的脑电图信号的振幅特性从不同的电极。这导致健康受试者满意的结果(参见,<我>如。</我>,(<gydF4y2Ba一个href="#B17">17</一个>])。然而,精度可以通过添加其他功能,如改进时频的,从一个小波变换(<一个href="#B24">24</一个>),脑电图之间同步通道(<一个href="#B25">25</一个>),和传播波的方向和速度<一个href="#B26">26</一个>]。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba在我们的实验中,我们使用电极放置在位置Cz, CPz, P1, P2, Pz警察丙,POz,和警察丁,其中包括顶叶的P300的组件是最突出的,但我们也增加了更多的后位置,建议在<一个href="#B7">7</一个>,<gydF4y2Ba一个href="#B27">27</一个>- - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - -<gydF4y2Ba一个href="#B29">29日</一个>),结果表明:解码精度增加由于负向的分量,之前出现在后部区域,P300组件。将这些额外的信息解码过程的早期,我们使用间隔开始刺激发病后100毫秒。负向的组件,叫做N2 (<一个href="#B30">30.</一个>这些作者所示),是重要的P300拼字,即使只有秘密参加了预定目标。因此,对于病人,当遇到与眼睛盯着相关的问题,早期的消极成分在后部位置似乎是有益的。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba验证不同的ERP的附加值组件到解码性能,我们估计的分类精度P300拼字与15强化序列和BLDA分类器,分别为每一个病人,从50微秒时间间隔的特性(这些间隔间隔的中心25 ms)。分类结果如图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cin/2011/519868/fig7/" target="_blank">7</一个>,平均ERP波形图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cin/2011/519868/fig8/" target="_blank">8</一个>电极POz。结果表明ERP组件应该早期,对于我们的一些患者,也被认为是作为解码功能。</p><gydF4y2Badiv class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig7"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig7"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="519868.fig.007a" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cin/volume-2011/519868/figures/519868.fig.007a.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="519868.fig.007b" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cin/volume-2011/519868/figures/519868.fig.007b.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="519868.fig.007c" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cin/volume-2011/519868/figures/519868.fig.007c.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="519868.fig.007d" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cin/volume-2011/519868/figures/519868.fig.007d.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="519868.fig.007e" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cin/volume-2011/519868/figures/519868.fig.007e.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="519868.fig.007f" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cin/volume-2011/519868/figures/519868.fig.007f.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="519868.fig.007g" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cin/volume-2011/519868/figures/519868.fig.007g.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="519868.fig.007h" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cin/volume-2011/519868/figures/519868.fig.007h.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs fig-thumbs-fig7"> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label=""><img alt="" name="519868.fig.007a" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cin/volume-2011/519868/figures/519868.fig.007a.jpg"><br><strong></strong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label=""><img alt="" name="519868.fig.007b" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cin/volume-2011/519868/figures/519868.fig.007b.jpg"><br><strong></strong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label=""><img alt="" name="519868.fig.007c" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cin/volume-2011/519868/figures/519868.fig.007c.jpg"><br><strong></strong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label=""><img alt="" name="519868.fig.007d" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cin/volume-2011/519868/figures/519868.fig.007d.jpg"><br><strong></strong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label=""><img alt="" name="519868.fig.007e" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cin/volume-2011/519868/figures/519868.fig.007e.jpg"><br><strong></strong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label=""><img alt="" name="519868.fig.007f" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cin/volume-2011/519868/figures/519868.fig.007f.jpg"><br><strong></strong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label=""><img alt="" name="519868.fig.007g" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cin/volume-2011/519868/figures/519868.fig.007g.jpg"><br><strong></strong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label=""><img alt="" name="519868.fig.007h" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cin/volume-2011/519868/figures/519868.fig.007h.jpg"><br><strong></strong></button> </div> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev fig-nav-fig7"> <button class="carousel-prev" aria-label="Previous"></button> <button class="carousel-next" aria-label="Next"></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图7</gydF4y2Baspan> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cin/2011/519868/fig7/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> 分类精度基于BLDA为每个主题的函数的中心50毫秒间隔的功能分类。连续区间中心间距为25个女士。</gydF4y2Batable> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig8"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig8"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="519868.fig.008a" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cin/volume-2011/519868/figures/519868.fig.008a.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="519868.fig.008b" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cin/volume-2011/519868/figures/519868.fig.008b.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="519868.fig.008c" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cin/volume-2011/519868/figures/519868.fig.008c.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="519868.fig.008d" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cin/volume-2011/519868/figures/519868.fig.008d.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="519868.fig.008e" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cin/volume-2011/519868/figures/519868.fig.008e.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="519868.fig.008f" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cin/volume-2011/519868/figures/519868.fig.008f.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="519868.fig.008g" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cin/volume-2011/519868/figures/519868.fig.008g.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="519868.fig.008h" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cin/volume-2011/519868/figures/519868.fig.008h.jpg"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs fig-thumbs-fig8"> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label=""><img alt="" name="519868.fig.008a" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cin/volume-2011/519868/figures/519868.fig.008a.jpg"><br><strong></strong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label=""><img alt="" name="519868.fig.008b" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cin/volume-2011/519868/figures/519868.fig.008b.jpg"><br><strong></strong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label=""><img alt="" name="519868.fig.008c" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cin/volume-2011/519868/figures/519868.fig.008c.jpg"><br><strong></strong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label=""><img alt="" name="519868.fig.008d" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cin/volume-2011/519868/figures/519868.fig.008d.jpg"><br><strong></strong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label=""><img alt="" name="519868.fig.008e" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cin/volume-2011/519868/figures/519868.fig.008e.jpg"><br><strong></strong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label=""><img alt="" name="519868.fig.008f" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cin/volume-2011/519868/figures/519868.fig.008f.jpg"><br><strong></strong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label=""><img alt="" name="519868.fig.008g" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cin/volume-2011/519868/figures/519868.fig.008g.jpg"><br><strong></strong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label=""><img alt="" name="519868.fig.008h" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/cin/volume-2011/519868/figures/519868.fig.008h.jpg"><br><strong></strong></button> </div> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev fig-nav-fig8"> <button class="carousel-prev" aria-label="Previous"></button> <button class="carousel-next" aria-label="Next"></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图8</gydF4y2Baspan> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cin/2011/519868/fig8/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <table> 平均ERP(蓝色实线)和不属预定目标的(红色虚线)刺激对所有科目。基线校正的基础上执行150 ms pre-stimulus区间。零时间对应于刺激发病。可见5赫兹振荡是由于刺激率。</gydF4y2Batable> </div> </div> </div> <p>分析输入错误字符的分布(图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cin/2011/519868/fig5/" target="_blank">5</一个>)表明,错误主要是由于发生错误的选择输入矩阵的行或列。此外,我们发现输入错误字符大多接近预期的。可能,这可能是由于这样的事实,这个问题有时会被闪烁的列或行相邻的一个包含字符。或者,它可能包含预期的行/列的强化角色立即之前或随后一个相邻的行/列的强化,导致P300反应下降。作为一个建议,我们应尽量避免相邻的行/列的连续强化。但是这是难以实现的行/列的范例,因为在一个自由的拼写方式我们不知道<我>先天的</我>交流的主题想要的字符。此外,基于事实的错误主要发生在行或列包含所需的角色,我们可以尝试使用一些智能加扰的强化,而不是整个行或列,单个字符的星座,分布在整个矩阵,是愈演愈烈。适当的刺激模式的设计,例如,(<一个href="#B31">31日</一个>是进一步研究的主题。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba提高打字的性能的另一种方法是通过包含错误的检测潜在的(ErrP) [<一个href="#B32">32</一个>,<gydF4y2Ba一个href="#B33">33</一个>)到P300拼字的范例。时诱发ErrP主体感知错误的BCI系统的结果。ErrP时检测到,我们可以把第二个最有可能的字符(例如,行或列第二大距离分类边界)纠正分类器的结果。因为错误是将发生在相邻的行或列中的所需的字符矩阵(见图<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cin/2011/519868/fig5/" target="_blank">5</一个>),我们也可以运用权重前面的距离(例如,通过反向有关他们的距离,在矩阵,输入错误字符)。</p><p>gydF4y2Ba打印精度通过我们的病人显示一个大变化。而主题2和8可能为已经达到一个几乎完美的类型的性能<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.9125" id="M105" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:43.612499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 43.612499 10.9125" width="43.612499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.27)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.239957" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.280346" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.531845" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>行/列强化学科4和7实现最糟糕的准确性(50%左右<gydF4y2Basvg height="11.1" id="M106" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:43.612499px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 43.612499 11.1" width="43.612499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.1)"> <g transform="translate(72,-63.12)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> </gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.239957" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.280346" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.531845" y="0"> 5</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>强化,水平的机会<gydF4y2Basvg height="11.45" id="M107" style="vertical-align:-0.23827pt;width:94.137497px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 94.137497 11.45" width="94.137497" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.45)"> <g transform="translate(72,-62.84)"> <text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.12)"> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0"> 1</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.2515001" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.503" y="0"> 0</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="18.754499" y="0"> /</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.230333" y="0"> 3</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="28.481834" y="0"> 6</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.196667" y="0"> =</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="50.237053" y="0"> 2</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="56.488552" y="0"> 。</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="59.614304" y="0"> 7</gydF4y2Batspan> <tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="65.865807" y="0"> %</gydF4y2Batspan> </text> </g> </g> </svg>)。从表可以看出<一个href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cin/2011/519868/tab1/" target="_blank">1</一个>,后者受试者患有某种形式的电机失语症(也是三四个科目的情况排除在分类器比较研究(见部分由于糟糕的分类性能<一个href="#sec2.3">2.3</一个>))。已知电动机失语症恶化的视觉语言P300潜伏期超过视觉非语言之一(<一个href="#B34">34</一个>),这些患者可能解释下性能。对P300的影响拼字应该进一步检查的一项研究中专门为汽车设计的失语症患者。</p><gydF4y2Bah4 id="conclusions">6。结论</gydF4y2Bah4> <p>相比我们有五个线性和两个非线性分类器在中风和ALS患者P300 BCI拼字的测试。我们发现BLDA分类器的表现最好,其次是(非)线性支持向量机。这些结果可以帮助决定哪些分类器对中风和ALS病人使用。最后,我们还列出和讨论的建议调整P300中风和ALS患者拼字的范式。</p><gydF4y2Bah4 id="acknowledgments">确认</gydF4y2Bah4> <p>支持NVM佛兰德地区教育部(比利时)果阿(10/019)。数控是由欧盟委员会(是- 2007 - 217077)。交流支持的专业化格兰特Agentschap voor Innovatie门Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT,佛兰德机构通过科技创新)。MMVH支持研究经费收到融资计划(PFV / 10/008)和克雷亚融资项目K.U.(克雷亚/ 07/027)比利时鲁汶,科学基金Research-Flanders (G.0588.09),大学间的吸引力波兰人Programme-Belgian科学政策(IUAP P6/29),佛兰德地区教育部(比利时)果阿(10/019),和欧盟委员会(是- 2007 - 217077),由博杜安国王的迅速奖基金会和比利时。作者要感谢Valiantsin Raduta和Yauheni Raduta布雷斯特地区医院的神经内科(布雷斯特,白俄罗斯)选择录音的病人和他们的援助。作者也感激Refet Firat Yazicioglu,汤姆Torfs,和克里斯范霍夫imec,鲁汶,为我们提供无线脑电系统。最后,他们要感谢教授菲利普·范Damme实验神经内科,Katholieke项目鲁汶,他协助翻译从俄罗斯病人诊断。</p></div> <div class="xml-content"> <h4 class="references" id="references">引用</gydF4y2Bah4> <ol> <li id="B1">p . Sajda k·r·穆勒和k . v .谢诺“脑机接口”<我>IEEE信号处理杂志</我>,25卷,不。1、16 - 17,2008页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://doi.org/10.1109/MSP.2008.4408438">出版商的网站</一个><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Brain-computer%20interfaces&author=P. Sajda&author=K. R. Müller&author=&author=K. V. Shenoy&publication_year=2008" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li> <li id="B2">美国的运气,<我>介绍与事件相关电位技术</我>美国剑桥,麻省理工学院出版社,质量,2005年。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks"></span></li> <li id="B3">洛杉矶Farwell和e . Donchin”说从你的头顶:对精神假肢利用与事件相关脑电位,”<我>脑电图与临床神经生理学</我>,卷70,不。6,510 - 523年,1988页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Talking%20off%20the%20top%20of%20your%20head:%20toward%20a%20mental%20prosthesis%20utilizing%20event-related%20brain%20potentials&author=L. A. Farwell &author=E. Donchin&publication_year=1988" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li> <li id="B4">f . Nijboer e . w .卖家,j .悟道et al .,”一个P300-based脑机接口对于患有肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症,”<我>临床神经生理学</我>,卷119,不。8,1909 - 1916年,2008页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2008.03.034">出版商的网站</一个><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=A%20P300-based%20brain-computer%20interface%20for%20people%20with%20amyotrophic%20lateral%20sclerosis&author=F. Nijboer&author=E. W. Sellers&author=J. Mellinger et al.&publication_year=2008" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li> <li id="B5">e . w .卖家和大肠Donchin”P300-based脑机接口:由ALS患者的初步测试中,“<我>临床神经生理学</我>,卷117,不。3、538 - 548年,2006页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2005.06.027">出版商的网站</一个><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=A%20P300-based%20brain-computer%20interface:%20initial%20tests%20by%20ALS%20patients&author=E. W. Sellers &author=E. Donchin&publication_year=2006" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li> <li id="B6">f . Piccione f . Giorgi p Tonin et al .,“P300-based大脑计算机接口:可靠性和性能在健康和瘫痪的参与者,”<我>临床神经生理学</我>,卷117,不。3、531 - 537年,2006页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2005.07.024">出版商的网站</一个><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=P300-based%20brain%20computer%20interface:%20reliability%20and%20performance%20in%20healthy%20and%20paralysed%20participants&author=F. Piccione&author=F. Giorgi&author=P. Tonin et al.&publication_year=2006" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li> <li id="B7">霍夫曼,j . m . Vesin t . Ebrahimi和k . Diserens”一个高效P300-based脑机接口对残疾人主题,“<我>神经科学杂志》上的方法</我>,卷167,不。1,第125 - 115页,2008。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneumeth.2007.03.005">出版商的网站</一个><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=An%20efficient%20P300-based%20brain-computer%20interface%20for%20disabled%20subjects&author=U. Hoffmann&author=J. M. Vesin&author=T. Ebrahimi&author=&author=K. Diserens&publication_year=2008" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li> <li id="B8">s . Silvoni c·沃尔帕托m . Cavinato et al .,“P300-based脑机接口交流:评估和后续在肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症,”<我>神经科学前沿</我>,3卷,不。60岁,1 - 12,2009页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=P300-based%20brain-computer%20interface%20communication:%20evaluation%20and%20follow-up%20in%20amyotrophic%20lateral%20sclerosis&author=S. Silvoni&author=C. Volpato&author=M. Cavinato et al.&publication_year=2009" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li> <li id="B9">e . w .卖家,t·m·沃恩和j·r·沃尔波”长期独立的家用,脑机接口”<我>肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症</我>,11卷,不。5,449 - 455年,2010页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://doi.org/10.3109/17482961003777470">出版商的网站</一个><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=A%20brain-computer%20interface%20for%20long-term%20independent%20home%20use&author=E. W. Sellers&author=T. M. Vaughan&author=&author=J. R. Wolpaw&publication_year=2010" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li> <li id="B10">d . j . Krusienski e . w .卖家,f . Cabestaing et al .,“比较分类技术的P300拼字,”<我>《神经工程</我>,3卷,不。4、299 - 305年,2006页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=A%20comparison%20of%20classification%20techniques%20for%20the%20P300%20Speller&author=D. J. Krusienski&author=E. W. Sellers&author=F. Cabestaing et al.&publication_year=2006" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li> <li id="B11">h . Mirghasemi、r . Fazel-Rezai和m . b . Shamsollahi“P300分类器的分析大脑计算机接口拼字,”<我>学报》第28届IEEE工程年度国际会议在医学和生物学协会(磨床06年)</我>20.06年9月,页6205 - 6208。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.2006.259521">出版商的网站</一个><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Analysis%20of%20P300%20classifiers%20in%20brain%20computer%20interface%20speller&author=H. Mirghasemi&author=R. Fazel-Rezai&author=&author=M. B. Shamsollahi" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li> <li id="B12">f .乐天m . Congedo A . Lecuyer f . Lamarche b . Arnaldi,“因为它使得基于脑电图分类算法的评估脑-机接口,“<我>《神经工程</我>,4卷,不。2,R1-R13, 2007页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=A%20review%20of%20classification%20algorithms%20for%20EEG-based%20brain-computer%20interfaces&author=F. Lotte&author=M. Congedo&author=A. Lécuyer&author=F. Lamarche&author=&author=B. Arnaldi&publication_year=2007" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li> <li id="B13">n . Chumerin n . v . Manyakov a Combaz et al .,“P300检测在线脑机接口,基于特征提取”<我>在计算机科学的课堂讲稿</我>卷,5803年,第346 - 339页,2009年。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04617-9_43">出版商的网站</一个><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=P300%20detection%20based%20on%20feature%20extraction%20in%20on-line%20brain-computer%20interface&author=N. Chumerin&author=N. V. Manyakov&author=A. Combaz et al.&publication_year=2009" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li> <li id="B14">r·f·Yazicioglu p . Merken r .普洱茶和c .范霍夫“低功耗低噪声举办脑电图前端ASIC动态采集系统”<我>美国第32欧洲固态电路会议(ESSCIRC 06年)</我>20.06年9月,页247 - 250。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://doi.org/10.1109/ESSCIR.2006.307577">出版商的网站</一个><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Low-power%20low-noise%208-channel%20EEG%20front-end%20ASIC%20for%20ambulatory%20acquisition%20systems&author=R. F. Yazicioglu&author=P. Merken&author=R. Puers&author=&author=C. Van Hoof" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li> <li id="B15">r . c .恐慌,美国Puthusserypady和y太阳,“适应在P300 braincomputer接口:一个two-classifier cotraining方法,”<我>IEEE生物医学工程</我>卷,57号12日,第2935 - 2927页,2010年。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://doi.org/10.1109/TBME.2010.2058804">出版商的网站</一个><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Adaptation%20in%20P300%20braincomputer%20interfaces:%20a%20two-classifier%20cotraining%20approach&author=R. C. Panicker&author=S. Puthusserypady&author=&author=Y. Sun&publication_year=2010" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li> <li id="B16">m . e .引爆,“贝叶斯推理:介绍机器学习原则和实践,”<我>先进的机器学习讲座</我>,o。Bousquet冯Luxburg, g . Ratsch Eds。施普林格,页41 - 62年,纽约,纽约,美国,2004年。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Bayesian%20inference:%20an%20introduction%20to%20principles%20and%20practice%20in%20machine%20learning&author=M. E. Tipping&publication_year=2004" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li> <li id="B17">m . Thulasidas c关,j .吴“脑机接口健壮的EEG信号的分类,”<我>IEEE神经系统和康复工程</我>,14卷,不。1,24-29,2006页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://doi.org/10.1109/TNSRE.2005.862695">出版商的网站</一个><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Robust%20classification%20of%20EEG%20signal%20for%20brain-computer%20interface&author=M. Thulasidas&author=C. Guan&author=&author=J. Wu&publication_year=2006" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li> <li id="B18">诉Vapnik,<我>统计学习理论的本质</我>施普林格,纽约,纽约,美国,1995年。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks"></span></li> <li id="B19">j . Suykens t . Van Gestel j·德布拉班特省,b . De沼泽和j . Vanderwalle<我>最小二乘支持向量机</我>,世界科学,新加坡,2002年。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks"></span></li> <li id="B20">t . joachim”,使得大规模的支持向量机学习实用,”<我>提前在内核方法支持向量的学习</我>b . Scholkopf, c . Burges, a . Smola Eds。,pp。169- - - - - -184,米IT Press, Cambridge, Mass, USA, 1999.<span class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Making%20large-scale%20SVM%20learning%20practical&author=T. Joachims&publication_year=1999" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li> <li id="B21">j . m . Leiva-Murillo和a . Artes-Rodriguez”的互信息最大化监督线性特征提取,”<我>IEEE神经网络</我>,18卷,不。5,1433 - 1441年,2007页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://doi.org/10.1109/TNN.2007.891630">出版商的网站</一个><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Maximization%20of%20mutual%20information%20for%20supervised%20linear%20feature%20extraction&author=J. M. Leiva-Murillo &author=A. Artés-Rodríguez&publication_year=2007" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li> <li id="B22">a . Hyvarinen“新近似微分熵的独立分量分析和投影追求,”<我>程序的会议进展的神经信息处理系统</我>麻省理工学院出版社,页273 - 279年,剑桥,质量,美国,1998年。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=New%20approximations%20of%20differential%20entropy%20for%20independent%20component%20analysis%20and%20projection%20pursuit&author=A. Hyvärinen" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li> <li id="B23">g . Cybenko“近似s型函数,通过叠加”<我>数学的控制、信号和系统</我>,卷2,不。4、303 - 314年,1989页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02551274">出版商的网站</一个><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Approximation%20by%20superpositions%20of%20a%20sigmoidal%20function&author=G. Cybenko&publication_year=1989" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li> <li id="B24">诉Bostanov和b . Kotchoubey t-CWT:一种新的ERP检测和量化方法基于连续小波变换和学生的t统计量,”<我>临床神经生理学</我>,卷117,不。12日,第2644 - 2627页,2006年。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2006.08.012">出版商的网站</一个><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=The%20t-CWT:%20a%20new%20ERP%20detection%20and%20quantification%20method%20based%20on%20the%20continuous%20wavelet%20transform%20and%20Student's%20t-statistics&author=V. Bostanov &author=B. Kotchoubey&publication_year=2006" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li> <li id="B25">大肠Gysels和p . Celka相位同步的心理任务的识别在脑机接口,“<我>IEEE神经系统和康复工程</我>,12卷,不。4、406 - 415年,2004页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://doi.org/10.1109/TNSRE.2004.838443">出版商的网站</一个><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Phase%20synchronization%20for%20the%20recognition%20of%20mental%20tasks%20in%20a%20brain-computer%20interface&author=E. Gysels &author=P. Celka&publication_year=2004" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li> <li id="B26">Vogels和m . n . v . Manyakov r . m . Van Hulle“解码stimulus-reward配对从局部场电位记录猴子视觉皮层,“<我>IEEE神经网络</我>,21卷,不。12日,第1902 - 1892页,2010年。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://doi.org/10.1109/TNN.2010.2078834">出版商的网站</一个><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Decoding%20stimulus-reward%20pairing%20from%20local%20field%20potentials%20recorded%20from%20monkey%20visual%20cortex&author=N. V. Manyakov&author=R. Vogels&author=&author=M. M. Van Hulle&publication_year=2010" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li> <li id="B27">d . j . Krusienski e . w .卖家d·j·麦克法兰t·m·沃恩和j·r·沃尔波”对增强P300拼字的性能,”<我>神经科学杂志》上的方法</我>,卷167,不。1、15至21,2008页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneumeth.2007.07.017">出版商的网站</一个><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Toward%20enhanced%20P300%20speller%20performance&author=D. J. Krusienski&author=E. W. Sellers&author=D. J. McFarland&author=T. M. Vaughan&author=&author=J. R. Wolpaw&publication_year=2008" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li> <li id="B28">e .卖家,d . Krusienski d·麦克法兰和j·沃尔波,”沃兹沃斯中心的非侵入式脑机接口的研究,”<我>对脑-机接口</我>,文澜j·g·Dornhege t . Hinterberger d·麦克法兰和K.-R。穆勒,Eds。,pp。31日- - - - - -42,米IT Press, Cambridge, Mass, USA, 2007.<span class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Non-invasive%20brain-computer%20interface%20research%20at%20the%20Wadsworth%20Center&author=E. Sellers&author=D. Krusienski&author=D. McFarland&author=&author=J. Wolpaw&publication_year=2007" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li> <li id="B29">s . l . Shishkin i . p . Ganin中情局Basyul, a . y . Zhigalov,丫。卡普兰,“N1波P300 BCI不敏感刺激的物理特征,“<我>综合神经科学杂志》上</我>,8卷,不。4、471 - 485年,2009页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219635209002320">出版商的网站</一个><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=N1%20wave%20in%20the%20P300%20BCI%20is%20not%20sensitive%20to%20the%20physical%20characteristics%20of%20stimuli&author=S. L. Shishkin&author=I. P. Ganin&author=I. A. Basyul&author=A. Y. Zhigalov&author=&author=A. Ya. Kaplan&publication_year=2009" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li> <li id="B30">Blankertz m . s . Treder和b”, (C)公开的注意力和视觉拼字的设计在一个ERP-based“脑机接口”<我>行为和大脑功能</我>第二十八条,卷。6日,2010年。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://doi.org/10.1186/1744-9081-6-28">出版商的网站</一个><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=(C)overt%20attention%20and%20visual%20speller%20design%20in%20an%20ERP-based%20brain-computer%20interface&author=M. S. Treder &author=B. Blankertz&publication_year=2010" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li> <li id="B31">g . Townsend b . k . LaPallo c·b·布雷et al。”小说P300-based脑机接口刺激表现范式:超越行和列,“<我>临床神经生理学</我>,卷121,不。7,1109 - 1120年,2010页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2010.01.030">出版商的网站</一个><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=A%20novel%20P300-based%20brain-computer%20interface%20stimulus%20presentation%20paradigm:%20moving%20beyond%20rows%20and%20columns&author=G. Townsend&author=B. K. LaPallo&author=C. B. Boulay et al.&publication_year=2010" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li> <li id="B32">b . Dal Seno、m . Matteucci和l .曼拉德“P300的在线检测和错误势BCI拼字,”<我>计算智能和神经科学</我>30.7254卷,2010篇文章ID, 5页,2010。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/307254">出版商的网站</一个><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Online%20detection%20of%20P300%20and%20error%20potentials%20in%20a%20BCI%20speller&author=B. Dal Seno&author=M. Matteucci&author=&author=L. Mainardi&publication_year=2010" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li> <li id="B33">a . Combaz n . Chumerin n . v . Manyakov罗本,j . a . k . Suykens和m . m . Van Hulle”错误潜在的脑电图记录的上下文中的P300介意拼字的“脑机接口”<我>诉讼20 IEEE国际研讨会在机器学习信号处理(MLSP 10)</我>20.10年9月,页65 - 70。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://doi.org/10.1109/MLSP.2010.5589217">出版商的网站</一个><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Error-related%20potential%20recorded%20by%20EEG%20in%20the%20context%20of%20a%20P300%20mind%20speller%20brain-computer%20interface&author=A. Combaz&author=N. Chumerin&author=N. V. Manyakov&author=A. Robben&author=J. A. K. Suykens&author=&author=M. M. Van Hulle" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li> <li id="B34">r . Neshige: Murayama、和泉w . t . Igasaki和k . Takano“非语言和语言的听觉和视觉刺激P300痴呆、构音障碍、失语”<我>日本康复医学杂志》上</我>,35卷,第169 - 164页,1998年。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<一个href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Non-verbal%20and%20verbal%20P300%20of%20auditory%20and%20visual%20stimuli%20in%20dementia,%20dysarthria%20and%20aphasia&author=R. Neshige&author=N. Murayama&author=W. Izumi&author=T. Igasaki&author=&author=K. Takano&publication_year=1998" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</一个></span></li> </ol> </div> <div class="xml-content"> <h4 class="copyright" id="copyright">版权</gydF4y2Bah4> <p>版权©2011,Nikolay诉Manyakov等。这是一个开放的分布式下文章<一个rel=”l我cense" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/">知识共享归属许可</一个>,它允许无限制的使用、分配和复制在任何媒介,提供最初的工作是正确引用。</p></gydF4y2Badiv> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> <div class="biblio__Wrapper-sc-1nou1lz-0 eyHfWh journal_article__BiblioIntegratorWidget-sc-12fk6zy-5 dbAANp article_widget biblioWrapper hide"> <hr> <h4 class="biblio__H4-sc-1nou1lz-2 becpDt hrTitleRef">更多相关文章</gydF4y2Bah4> <div id="biblio_widget" class="biblio__BiblioWrapper-sc-1nou1lz-1 hFGNjP"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="threeColumn__RightWrapper-sc-1bf4078-2 jzTMLK rightWrapper" id="rightSectionMenu"> <div> <div class="journal_article__ArticleStickyTopToolbar-sc-12fk6zy-0 gbrQxi article_sticky_top_toolbar"> <div class="sc-cBdUnI hRnXob article_top_toolbar"> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-jtRfpW dIjoCg sc-exkUMo hymroZ pdf_desktop button__group" href="https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/cin/2011/519868.pdf" aria-label="" target="_blank" id="toolbar__dcNavSmall"><span><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl sc-kTUwUJ eujois" title="" role="presentation" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/next_assets/wyT4heYybLmt1UEJexPE9/_next/static/node_modules/hindawi-ui/src/icon/svg/pdf.svg" height="24"><span class="text">PDF</gydF4y2Baspan></span><span class="sc-htoDjs bqeMOy sc-dqBHgY cQgXqt fileArrow icon-colored _3P4iUn1NDM5G77nWCamJ4l icon-themeable" title="" font-size="20"></span></a> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-jtRfpW dIjoCg sc-kcDeIU cbcyj ref_desktop" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cin/2011/519868.ris" aria-label="" target="" id="toolbar__dcNavLarge"><span><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl sc-kTUwUJ eujois" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHhtbG5zOnhsaW5rPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8xOTk5L3hsaW5rIiB3aWR0aD0iMTgiIGhlaWdodD0iMjIiIHZpZXdCb3g9IjAgMCAxOCAyMiI+PGRlZnM+PGNsaXBQYXRoIGlkPSJhIj48cGF0aCBkPSJNMywyMmEzLDMsMCwwLDEtMy0zVjNBMywzLDAsMCwxLDMsMGg4YS45OTEuOTkxLDAsMCwxLC41NzMuMTgxbDAsMCwuMDA4LjAwNmEuOTU1Ljk1NSwwLDAsMSwuMTIyLjFsNiw2YTEuMDI1LDEuMDI1LDAsMCwxLC4xLjEyMmwuMDA2LjAxLDAsMEExLDEsMCwwLDEsMTgsNi45NzVWMTlhMywzLDAsMCwxLTMsM1pNMiwzVjE5YTEsMSwwLDAsMCwxLDFIMTVhMSwxLDAsMCwwLDEtMVY4SDExYTEsMSwwLDAsMS0xLTFWMkgzQTEsMSwwLDAsMCwyLDNaTTEyLDZoMi41ODdMMTIsMy40MTRaTTUsMTdhMSwxLDAsMSwxLDAtMmg4YTEsMSwwLDEsMSwwLDJabTAtNGExLDEsMCwxLDEsMC0yaDhhMSwxLDAsMSwxLDAsMlpNNSw5QTEsMSwwLDEsMSw1LDdIN0ExLDEsMCwwLDEsNyw5WiIgdHJhbnNmb3JtPSJ0cmFuc2xhdGUoMyAxKSIvPjwvY2xpcFBhdGg+PC9kZWZzPjxnIHRyYW5zZm9ybT0idHJhbnNsYXRlKC0zIC0xKSI+PHBhdGggZD0iTTMsMjJhMywzLDAsMCwxLTMtM1YzQTMsMywwLDAsMSwzLDBoOGEuOTkxLjk5MSwwLDAsMSwuNTczLjE4MWwwLDAsLjAwOC4wMDZhLjk1NS45NTUsMCwwLDEsLjEyMi4xbDYsNmExLjAyNSwxLjAyNSwwLDAsMSwuMS4xMjJsLjAwNi4wMSwwLDBBMSwxLDAsMCwxLDE4LDYuOTc1VjE5YTMsMywwLDAsMS0zLDNaTTIsM1YxOWExLDEsMCwwLDAsMSwxSDE1YTEsMSwwLDAsMCwxLTFWOEgxMWExLDEsMCwwLDEtMS0xVjJIM0ExLDEsMCwwLDAsMiwzWk0xMiw2aDIuNTg3TDEyLDMuNDE0Wk01LDE3YTEsMSwwLDEsMSwwLTJoOGExLDEsMCwxLDEsMCwyWm0wLTRhMSwxLDAsMSwxLDAtMmg4YTEsMSwwLDEsMSwwLDJaTTUsOUExLDEsMCwxLDEsNSw3SDdBMSwxLDAsMCwxLDcsOVoiIHRyYW5zZm9ybT0idHJhbnNsYXRlKDMgMSkiLz48ZyBjbGlwLXBhdGg9InVybCgjYSkiPjxyZWN0IHdpZHRoPSIyNCIgaGVpZ2h0PSIyNCIgZmlsbD0icmdiYSgwLDAsMCwwKSIvPjxyZWN0IHdpZHRoPSIyNCIgaGVpZ2h0PSIyNCIvPjwvZz48L2c+PC9zdmc+" height="24"><span class="text">下载引用</gydF4y2Baspan></span><span class="sc-htoDjs bqeMOy sc-dqBHgY cQgXqt fileArrow icon-colored _3P4iUn1NDM5G77nWCamJ4l icon-themeable" title="" font-size="20"></span></a> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-jtRfpW dIjoCg sc-BngTV hmDWcT ref_desktop" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/cin/2011/519868.ris" aria-label="" target="" id="toolbar__dcNavSmall"><span><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl sc-kTUwUJ eujois" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="24"><span class="text">引用</gydF4y2Baspan></span><span class="sc-htoDjs bqeMOy sc-dqBHgY cQgXqt fileArrow icon-colored _3P4iUn1NDM5G77nWCamJ4l icon-themeable" title="" font-size="20"></span></a> </div> </div> <div class="journal_article__ArticleStickyBottomToolbar-sc-12fk6zy-1 isgRZA article_sticky_bottom_toolbar"> <div class="sc-cTjmhe ihmyEq article_bottom_toolbar"> <div class="sc-cugefK itFKcQ accordion" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8" id="toolbar__dofNav"> <span><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl sc-bfYoXt cGuwDn" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="24"><span class="sc-dRFtgE jrsDZP">下载其他格式</gydF4y2Baspan><span class="sc-gkFcWv gWTCXQ">更多的</gydF4y2Baspan></span> <span class="sc-htoDjs bMdQcY sc-gbOuXE jGPvPL icon-colored _1CwL9R82TPl2HxDleeYGDR icon-themeable" title="" font-size="11"></span> </div> <div class="sc-fnwBNb etzuBr"> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-iNhVCk gWgCNb open_panel" href="//www.newsama.com/downloads/journals/cin/2011/519868.epub" aria-label="ePub" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"> <div class="sc-eAKXzc WHkfb"> ePub</gydF4y2Badiv><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl sc-bfYoXt cGuwDn" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="24"></a> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-iNhVCk gWgCNb open_panel" href="//www.newsama.com/downloads/journals/cin/2011/519868.xml" aria-label="XML" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"> <div class="sc-eAKXzc WHkfb"> XML</gydF4y2Badiv><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl sc-bfYoXt cGuwDn" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="24"></a> </div> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-imABML ibWUzs" href="//www.newsama.com/reprints/519868/confirm" aria-label="Order Printed Copies" target="_blank" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8" id="toolbar__opcNav"><span><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl sc-bfYoXt cGuwDn" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="24"><span class="sc-dRFtgE jrsDZP">订单打印副本</gydF4y2Baspan><span class="sc-gkFcWv gWTCXQ">订单</gydF4y2Baspan></span><span class="sc-htoDjs kNoiZu sc-gbOuXE jGPvPL right__icon icon-colored _32KP5uexH-Bgs7Kj8Gk1Tz icon-themeable" title="" font-size="16"></span></a> <div class="sc-hBbWxd kdRRST"> <div class="sc-dyGzUR cHatnS"> <div> 的观点<gydF4y2Baspan>5552年</gydF4y2Baspan> </div> <div> 下载<gydF4y2Baspan>1830年</gydF4y2Baspan> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sc-drKuOJ kxdGAZ"> <span class="__dimensions_badge_embed__" data-doi="10.1155/2011/519868" data-style="small_circle"></span>引用</gydF4y2Badiv> </div> </div> <nav class="sc-bRBYWo fXBKFa sc-hUfwpO jHPgUP" id="toolbar__iconNav"> <h3 class="sc-Rmtcm hNPrIr">分享文章</gydF4y2Bah3> <ul class="sc-hzDkRC bnbfTS"> <li class="iconBorder"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link" href="https://twitter.com/share?url=https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/519868&via=Hindawi" aria-label="Sharing on Twitter" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl socialTwitter" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="24"></a></li> <li class="iconBorder"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link" href="https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle/?url=https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/519868" aria-label="Sharing on Linkedin" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl socialLinkedin" title="" role="presentation" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/next_assets/wyT4heYybLmt1UEJexPE9/_next/static/node_modules/hindawi-ui/src/icon/svg/socialLinkedin.svg" height="24"></a></li> <li class="iconBorder"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/519868" aria-label="Sharing on Facebook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl socialFacebook" title="" role="presentation" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/next_assets/wyT4heYybLmt1UEJexPE9/_next/static/node_modules/hindawi-ui/src/icon/svg/socialFacebook-HINDAWI.svg" height="24"></a></li> <li class="iconBorder"> <div class="wechat-container"> <img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl socialWechat" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="24"> <div class="addthis_inline_share_toolbox"></div> </div></li> <li><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link" href="mailto:?subject=Comparison of Classification Methods for P300 Brain-Computer Interface on Disabled Subjects&body=https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/519868" aria-label="Sharing on Mail" target="_blank"><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl socialMail" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="24"></a></li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="biblio__Wrapper-sc-1nou1lz-0 cBTaXT journal_article__BiblioIntegratorSidebar-sc-12fk6zy-4 cYsVdk biblioWrapperRight biblioWrapper hide"> <hr> <h4 class="biblio__H4-sc-1nou1lz-2 becpDt hrTitleRef">相关文章</gydF4y2Bah4> <div id="biblio_sidebar" class="biblio__BiblioWrapper-sc-1nou1lz-1 hFGNjP"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer class="sc-jKJlTe inBNwS"> <section class="sc-eNQAEJ dkutRV"> <div class="sc-bZQynM bNmdOy E_HUmlU2Hj3PpkDmWzKPd primary__footer footer__bodypadding"> <div class="sc-hMqMXs hlGpbO mobile"> 遵循我们:<n一个vrole=”n一个v我gation" class="sc-kkGfuU filPdg"> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-kEYyzF ecHxGW" href="https://twitter.com/hindawi" aria-label="Twitter" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje TsaZF" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="40"></a> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-kEYyzF ecHxGW" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/hindawilimited/" aria-label="LinkedIn" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje TsaZF" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="40"></a> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-kEYyzF ecHxGW" href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCDIK_O7FATPEkhad_sQVaSg" aria-label="Youtube" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje TsaZF" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="40"></a> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-kEYyzF ecHxGW" href="https://www.facebook.com/HindawiLimited/" aria-label="Facebook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje TsaZF" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="40"></a> </nav> </div> <nav class="E_HUmlU2Hj3PpkDmWzKPd _3wm8FgzqRuRWouJG31YgKx" role="navigation"> <ul class="_2k5c8zEhMT-84kRD4oDgAz _1SoDWGr_FVsil9klRfjnhb"> <li><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link about_us" href="//www.newsama.com/about/" aria-label="About us">关于我们</一个></l我><l我><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link contact_us" href="//www.newsama.com/about/contact/" aria-label="Contact us">联系我们</一个></l我><l我><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link partnerships" href="//www.newsama.com/publishing-partnerships/" aria-label="Partnerships">合作伙伴关系</一个></l我><l我><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link blog" href="//www.newsama.com/blog/" aria-label="Blog">博客</一个></l我></ul> <ul class="_2k5c8zEhMT-84kRD4oDgAz _1SoDWGr_FVsil9klRfjnhb"> <li><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link journals" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/" aria-label="Journals">期刊</一个></l我><l我><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link article_processing_charges" href="//www.newsama.com/publish-research/authors/article-processing-charges/" aria-label="Article Processing Charges">文章处理费用</一个></l我><l我><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link print_editions" href="//www.newsama.com/print-editions/" aria-label="Print editions">印刷版</一个></l我></ul> <ul class="_2k5c8zEhMT-84kRD4oDgAz _1SoDWGr_FVsil9klRfjnhb"> <li><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link authors" href="//www.newsama.com/publish-research/authors/" aria-label="Authors">作者</一个></l我><l我><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link editors" href="//www.newsama.com/publish-research/editors/" aria-label="Editors">编辑器</一个></l我><l我><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link reviewers" href="//www.newsama.com/publish-research/reviewers/" aria-label="Reviewers">评论家</一个></l我></ul> <ul class="_2k5c8zEhMT-84kRD4oDgAz _1SoDWGr_FVsil9klRfjnhb"> <li><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link hindawi_xml_corpus" href="//www.newsama.com/hindawi-xml-corpus/" aria-label="Hindawi XML Corpus">雷电竞APP</a></li> <li><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link open_archives_initiative" href="//www.newsama.com/open-archives-initiative/" aria-label="Open Archives Initiative">开放档案计划</一个></l我><l我><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link fraud_prevention" href="//www.newsama.com/preventing-and-protecting-against-fraud/" aria-label="Fraud prevention">欺诈防范</一个></l我></ul> </nav> <div class="sc-hMqMXs hlGpbO desktop"> 遵循我们:<n一个vrole=”n一个v我gation" class="sc-kkGfuU filPdg"> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-kEYyzF ecHxGW" href="https://twitter.com/hindawi" aria-label="Twitter" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje TsaZF" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="40"></a> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-kEYyzF ecHxGW" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/hindawilimited/" aria-label="LinkedIn" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje TsaZF" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iNDAiIGhlaWdodD0iNDAiIHZpZXdCb3g9IjAgMCA0MCA0MCIgZmlsbD0ibm9uZSIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIj48cGF0aCBmaWxsLXJ1bGU9ImV2ZW5vZGQiIGNsaXAtcnVsZT0iZXZlbm9kZCIgZD0iTTAgMjBDMCA4Ljk1NTk5IDguOTU1OTkgMCAyMCAwQzMxLjA0NCAwIDQwIDguOTU1OTkgNDAgMjBDNDAgMzEuMDQ0IDMxLjA0NCA0MCAyMCA0MEM4Ljk1NTk5IDQwIDAgMzEuMDQ0IDAgMjBaTTkuMzE3MzIgMzAuMjM0NEgxNC4xODgyVjE1LjU4MDFIOS4zMTczMlYzMC4yMzQ0Wk0xMS43NTI5IDEzLjU3OTFIMTEuNzIxMkMxMC4wODY3IDEzLjU3OTEgOS4wMjk1NCAxMi40NTM5IDkuMDI5NTQgMTEuMDQ3N0M5LjAyOTU0IDkuNjA5NjggMTAuMTE5IDguNTE1NjIgMTEuNzg1MyA4LjUxNTYyQzEzLjQ1MTUgOC41MTU2MiAxNC40NzY5IDkuNjA5NjggMTQuNTA4NyAxMS4wNDc3QzE0LjUwODcgMTIuNDUzOSAxMy40NTE1IDEzLjU3OTEgMTEuNzUyOSAxMy41NzkxWk0yNi44ODE0IDMwLjIzNDRIMzEuNzUxN1YyMS44MzE3QzMxLjc1MTcgMTcuMzMwNiAyOS4zNDg4IDE1LjIzNjIgMjYuMTQ0MSAxNS4yMzYyQzIzLjU1OTkgMTUuMjM2MiAyMi40MDE3IDE2LjY1NjUgMjEuNzU0NSAxNy42NTVWMTUuNTgwMUgxNi44ODM5QzE2Ljk0NzYgMTYuOTU1IDE2Ljg4MzkgMzAuMjM0NCAxNi44ODM5IDMwLjIzNDRIMjEuNzU0NVYyMi4wNTA4QzIxLjc1NDUgMjEuNjEyOSAyMS43ODU5IDIxLjE3NTIgMjEuOTE0NyAyMC44NjIxQzIyLjI2NjggMTkuOTg3MiAyMy4wNjgyIDE5LjA4MDggMjQuNDEzOCAxOS4wODA4QzI2LjE3NjEgMTkuMDgwOCAyNi44ODE0IDIwLjQyNDUgMjYuODgxNCAyMi4zOTQ3VjMwLjIzNDRaIiBmaWxsPSIjRjJGMkYyIj48L3BhdGg+PC9zdmc+" height="40"></a> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-kEYyzF ecHxGW" href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCDIK_O7FATPEkhad_sQVaSg" aria-label="Youtube" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje TsaZF" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="40"></a> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-kEYyzF ecHxGW" href="https://www.facebook.com/HindawiLimited/" aria-label="Facebook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje TsaZF" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="40"></a> </nav> </div> </div> </section> <div class="sc-bZQynM bNmdOy"> <section class="sc-iAyFgw gCiATD"> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link" href="//www.newsama.com/privacy/" aria-label="Privacy Policy">隐私政策<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> |</一个><一个class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link" href="//www.newsama.com/terms/" aria-label="Terms of Service">服务条款<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> |</一个><一个class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link" href="//www.newsama.com/responsible-disclosure-policy/" aria-label="Responsible Disclosure Policy">负责信息披露政策<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> |</一个><一个class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link" href="//www.newsama.com/cookie-policy/" aria-label="Cookie Policy">饼干的政策<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> |</一个><一个class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link" href="//www.newsama.com/copyright/" aria-label="Copyright">版权<gydF4y2Ba!-- --> |</一个><一个class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link" href="//www.newsama.com/modern-slavery-statement/" aria-label="Modern slavery statement">现代奴隶制的声明<gydF4y2Ba!-- --></a> </section> </div> </footer> <div class="sc-OxbzP eEFYIL advWrapper hideBanner"> <span><p>文章奖:2020年杰出的研究贡献,选择由我们的首席编辑。<一个href="//www.newsama.com/article-year-award/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">获奖的文章阅读</一个>。</p></gydF4y2Baspan> <button class="sc-bYnzgO dsXEHZ"><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje iiusBg sc-cPuPxo iXKuYd" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PD94bWwgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4wIiBlbmNvZGluZz0iVVRGLTgiPz4KPHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMjBweCIgaGVpZ2h0PSIyMHB4IiB2aWV3Qm94PSIwIDAgMjAgMjAiIHZlcnNpb249IjEuMSIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB4bWxuczp4bGluaz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMTk5OS94bGluayI+CiAgICA8IS0tIEdlbmVyYXRvcjogU2tldGNoIDUzLjIgKDcyNjQzKSAtIGh0dHBzOi8vc2tldGNoYXBwLmNvbSAtLT4KICAgIDx0aXRsZT5yZW1vdmU8L3RpdGxlPgogICAgPGRlc2M+Q3JlYXRlZCB3aXRoIFNrZXRjaC48L2Rlc2M+CiAgICA8ZyBpZD0iUGFnZS0xIiBzdHJva2U9Im5vbmUiIHN0cm9rZS13aWR0aD0iMSIgZmlsbD0ibm9uZSIgZmlsbC1ydWxlPSJldmVub2RkIj4KICAgICAgICA8ZyBpZD0iQXJ0Ym9hcmQiIHRyYW5zZm9ybT0idHJhbnNsYXRlKC0xODE4LjAwMDAwMCwgLTEzMy4wMDAwMDApIiBmaWxsPSIjRkZGRkZGIj4KICAgICAgICAgICAgPGcgaWQ9InJlbW92ZSIgdHJhbnNmb3JtPSJ0cmFuc2xhdGUoMTgxOC4wMDAwMDAsIDEzMy4wMDAwMDApIj4KICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIDxwYXRoIGQ9Ik0yMCwxMCBDMjAsNC40NzcxNSAxNS41MjI4NzUsMCAxMCwwIEM0LjQ3NzE1LDAgMCw0LjQ3NzE1IDAsMTAgQzAsMTUuNTIyODc1IDQuNDc3MTUsMjAgMTAsMjAgQzE1LjUyMjg3NSwyMCAyMCwxNS41MjI4NzUgMjAsMTAgWiBNMTguNzUsMTAgQzE4Ljc1LDUuMTY3NTA2MjUgMTQuODMyNSwxLjI1IDEwLDEuMjUgQzUuMTY3NTA2MjUsMS4yNSAxLjI1LDUuMTY3NTA2MjUgMS4yNSwxMCBDMS4yNSwxNC44MzI1IDUuMTY3NTA2MjUsMTguNzUgMTAsMTguNzUgQzE0LjgzMjUsMTguNzUgMTguNzUsMTQuODMyNSAxOC43NSwxMCBaIE01LjQ0MTk0Mzc1LDE0LjQwNTc1IEM1LjE5Nzg2MjUsMTQuMTYxNjg3NSA1LjE5Nzg2MjUsMTMuNzY2IDUuNDQxOTQzNzUsMTMuNTIxODc1IEw4Ljg4OTA2MjUsMTAuMDc0NzUgTDUuNDQxOTQzNzUsNi42Mjc2MjUgQzUuMTk3ODYyNSw2LjM4MzUgNS4xOTc4NjI1LDUuOTg3NzkzNzUgNS40NDE5NDM3NSw1Ljc0MzcxODc1IEw1LjYxODcxODc1LDUuNTY2OTQzNzUgQzUuODYyNzkzNzUsNS4zMjI4NjI1IDYuMjU4NSw1LjMyMjg2MjUgNi41MDI2MjUsNS41NjY5NDM3NSBMOS45NDk3NSw5LjAxNDA2MjUgTDEzLjM5Njg3NSw1LjU2Njk0Mzc1IEMxMy42NDEsNS4zMjI4NjI1IDE0LjAzNjY4NzUsNS4zMjI4NjI1IDE0LjI4MDc1LDUuNTY2OTQzNzUgTDE0LjQ1NzU2MjUsNS43NDM3MTg3NSBDMTQuNzAxNjI1LDUuOTg3NzkzNzUgMTQuNzAxNjI1LDYuMzgzNSAxNC40NTc1NjI1LDYuNjI3NjI1IEwxMS4wMTA0Mzc1LDEwLjA3NDc1IEwxNC40NTc1NjI1LDEzLjUyMTg3NSBDMTQuNzAxNjI1LDEzLjc2NiAxNC43MDE2MjUsMTQuMTYxNjg3NSAxNC40NTc1NjI1LDE0LjQwNTc1IEwxNC4yODA3NSwxNC41ODI1NjI1IEMxNC4wMzY2ODc1LDE0LjgyNjYyNSAxMy42NDEsMTQuODI2NjI1IDEzLjM5Njg3NSwxNC41ODI1NjI1IEw5Ljk0OTc1LDExLjEzNTQzNzUgTDYuNTAyNjI1LDE0LjU4MjU2MjUgQzYuMjU4NSwxNC44MjY2MjUgNS44NjI3OTM3NSwxNC44MjY2MjUgNS42MTg3MTg3NSwxNC41ODI1NjI1IEw1LjQ0MTk0Mzc1LDE0LjQwNTc1IFoiIGlkPSJTaGFwZSI+PC9wYXRoPgogICAgICAgICAgICA8L2c+CiAgICAgICAgPC9nPgogICAgPC9nPgo8L3N2Zz4=" height="16"></button> </div> </div> </div> <noscript> <iframe src="https://www.newsama.com/ns.html?id=GTM-MQ4MGW" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe> </noscript> </div> </body> </html>