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no-repeat 6px;background-position:center;margin-top:10px;min-width:55px;display:none;} @media (min-width:768px){.hklMKT .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .expand_btn{display:none;}} .hklMKT .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-text{-webkit-flex:9;-ms-flex:9;flex:9;text-align:left;padding:21px 37px 10px 0px;font-size:16px;font-weight:700;} @media (min-width:768px){.hklMKT .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-text{padding:19px 18px 10px 18px;}} @media (min-width:992px){.hklMKT .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-text{padding:19px 21px 10px 21px;}} .hklMKT .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption 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no-repeat 6px;background-position:center;padding:16px 0 16px 0;min-width:62px;max-width:62px;} @media (min-width:768px){.hklMKT .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-partial-url{padding:16px 0 17px 0;min-width:52px;max-width:52px;}} @media (min-width:992px){.hklMKT .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-partial-url{padding:15px 0 17px 0;min-width:60px;max-width:60px;}} .hklMKT .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-partial-url:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;} .hklMKT .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption-text{font-size:14px;padding:0px 18px 17px 22px;} @media (min-width:768px){.hklMKT .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption-text{padding:0px 15px 15px 18px;}} @media (min-width:992px){.hklMKT .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption-text{padding:0px 18px 19px 21px;}} .hklMKT .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption-text figcaption{margin:0;padding:0;} .hklMKT .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption-text svg{max-width:100%;} .hklMKT ol{font-size:16px;padding-left:32px;font-family:STIXGeneral-Regular;line-height:24px;margin:15px 0;} .hklMKT ol li{margin:10px 0;padding-left:10px;word-break:normal;} .hklMKT ol li a{word-break:break-all;} .hklMKT ol li .reflinks{display:block;} .hklMKT ol li .reflinks a{color:#4D8A17;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:pointer;} .hklMKT ol li .reflinks a:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;} .hklMKT ol li .reflinks .sep{color:#000000;} .hklMKT .table-wrapper{width:auto;overflow-x:auto;} .hklMKT .table-wrapper::-webkit-scrollbar{-webkit-appearance:none;width:5px;height:5px;} .hklMKT .table-wrapper::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb{border-radius:5px;background-color:rgba(0,0,0,.5);-webkit-box-shadow:0 0 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img{width:100%;max-height:239px;height:auto;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.hklMKT .partial-carousel--single-image img{max-height:357px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.hklMKT .partial-carousel--single-image img{max-height:417px;}} .hklMKT .partial-carousel--single-image strong{font-size:11px;padding-top:12px;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.hklMKT .partial-carousel--single-image strong{font-size:16px;}} .hklMKT .owl-nav,.hklMKT .owl-dots{display:none;} .hklMKT .partial-carousel-wrapper .owl-loaded{position:relative;height:auto;max-height:287px;} @media (min-width:767.6px){.hklMKT .partial-carousel-wrapper .owl-loaded{max-height:414px;}} @media (min-width:767.5px){.hklMKT .partial-carousel-wrapper .owl-loaded{max-height:477px;}} .hklMKT .partial-carousel-wrapper .floats-partial-content,.hklMKT .owl-stage-outer,.hklMKT .owl-stage{max-height:287px;height:auto;} @media (min-width:767.6px){.hklMKT .partial-carousel-wrapper .floats-partial-content,.hklMKT .owl-stage-outer,.hklMKT 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href="//www.newsama.com/journals/am/" aria-label="Advances in Multimedia">多媒体的发展</a>/<a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-ciodno devPGz breadCrumb" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/am/contents/year/2018/" aria-label="2018">2018年</a>/<年代pan class="sc-gGCbJM bPVGFT">文章</年代pan> </div> <div class="threeColumn__ThreeColumnWrapper-sc-1bf4078-0 uVYyF threeColumnWrapper"> <div class="threeColumn__LeftWrapper-sc-1bf4078-1 fkVFlF leftWrapper"> <button type="button" class="sc-hzDEsm fuYUWV section__button " id="sectionButton"><span class="sc-htoDjs diutvq icon__dots dots__detector icon-colored _3n-7Ho7DlfjMlZbrRr9Q4a icon-themeable" title="" font-size="22"></span>文章部分</button> <div class="sc-eInJlc fMnOCC static_contents__section_links links__hidden "> <div id="leftSectionMenu" class="sc-iujRgT kgnSNR sc-hgHYgh fgALee left_section_menu"> <p>在这一页上</p> <span class="sc-fOICqy jUXuDi grey" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-gtfDJT giUMKZ" href="#abstract" 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class="threeColumn__Content-sc-1bf4078-4 jknsZc content"> <div class="articleContent__ArticleContentsWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-0 eSvjPB article_contents"> <div class="articleContent__ArticleContentsSectionsWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-1 jntdRu article_contents__sections_wrapper"> <div class="articleContent__ArticleWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-2 hAzjHP"> <div class="sc-jtggT hRFckM article_header_class"> <p class="sc-iBEsjs cJuRPa article_type">研究文章|开放获取</p> <div class="sc-hzNEM jtSvIR article_citation"> 体积 2018年 <span class="sc-kxynE bfcQlE">|</年代pan>文章的ID 3958306 <span class="sc-kxynE bfcQlE">|</年代pan> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-cooIXK ceqZdW" href="https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/3958306" aria-label="Doi-link">https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/3958306</a> </div> <div class="sc-iGrrsa bSAkNj article_full_citation"> <div class="sc-dEoRIm jpFWyG isHide"> <p>Lei律,金陵,梅林关风扇, ”<年代pan>基于SFSM效率控制方法对大规模人群呈现</年代pan>”,<i>多媒体的发展</我>, 卷。2018年, 文章的ID3958306, 10   页面, 2018年。 https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/3958306</p> </div> <button class="sc-iAyFgw irxuxk sc-bmyXtO gFAjsK" color="">显示引用</button> </div> <h1 class="sc-gPEVay iUuzmH sc-chbbiW cCUGtO article_title heading-title">基于SFSM效率控制方法对大规模人群呈现</h1> </div> <div class="sc-hIVACf hYRfeq article_authors"> <hr class="sc-kQsIoO kyyvRa hr__author"> <span class=""><b>Lei律</b><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link" href="mailto:" aria-label="Mail Option"><span class="sc-htoDjs kNoiZu sc-gpHHfC iFiPLx icon-colored _2zt-1j0LmaF8UjTQAM413G icon-themeable" title="" font-size="16"></span></a><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link" href="http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0043-2519" aria-label="Redirect to Doi" target="_blank"><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje iiusBg sc-gVyKpa cLdUbp" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="16"></a>,<年代up>1,2</年代up></span> <span class="">金陵张,<年代up>3</年代up> 和</年代pan> <span class="">梅林关风扇<年代up>1</年代up></span> <div class="sc-cpmKsF gljosP isHide"> <p><sup>1</年代up><span>山东师范大学信息科学与工程学院,济南,250014年中国</年代pan></p> <p><sup>2</年代up><span>山东省重点实验室为分布式计算机软件新技术,250358年济南,中国</年代pan></p> <p><sup>3</年代up><span>中国人民大学信息学院,北京100872,中国</年代pan></p> </div> <button class="sc-iAyFgw irxuxk sc-eXNvrr gvRxK" color="">显示更多</button> </div> <div class="articleContent__EditorWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-3 evMkvU"> <div class="articleContent__TextWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-8 fYrLtk"> <b>学术编辑器:</b>康斯坦丁Kotropoulos</d我v> <div class="articleContent__PublicationTimeLineWrapper-sc-2yl9jy-4 fjviok"> <div class="articleContent__PublcationCol-sc-2yl9jy-5 hgKieC notPublished"> <span class="articleContent__PublicationField-sc-2yl9jy-6 cIribm">收到了</年代pan> <span class="articleContent__PublicationValue-sc-2yl9jy-7 khHUcu">2018年3月11日</年代pan> </div> <div class="articleContent__PublcationCol-sc-2yl9jy-5 hgKieC notPublished"> <span class="articleContent__PublicationField-sc-2yl9jy-6 cIribm">接受</年代pan> <span class="articleContent__PublicationValue-sc-2yl9jy-7 khHUcu">05年9月2018年</年代pan> </div> <div class="articleContent__PublcationCol-sc-2yl9jy-5 hgKieC isPublished"> <span class="articleContent__PublicationField-sc-2yl9jy-6 cIribm">发表</年代pan> <span class="articleContent__PublicationValue-sc-2yl9jy-7 khHUcu">2018年10月01</年代pan> </div> </div> </div> <article class="sc-kasBVs hklMKT article_body "> <div> <div class="xml-content"> <h4 class="header" id="abstract">文摘</h4> <p>对于大规模的人群,用户往往需要交互式漫游。一个好的漫游效果可以让用户感觉沉浸在人群中,和场景需要填充的人群,使环境活着的和可信的。本文提出的方法效率控制大规模人群呈现。首先,我们设计出一个基于自反馈状态机机制,可动态调整的准确性人群模型渲染根据系统呈现的速度之间的关系和用户期望的速度。其次,我们提出一个运动频率更新方法进行运动的频率更新基于个体之间的距离和角度。此外,我们提出一个变量精确点采样图策略呈现个人不同的采样精度。摘要状态机系统有效地整合两个核心技术动态控制模型的准确性,确保视觉效率,提高渲染效率,满足用户的漫游交互的流畅。</p> <span class="end-abs"></span> <h4 id="introduction">1。介绍</h4> <p>大规模人群的模拟是计算机图形学的重要在许多领域,包括实时应用,如游戏、人群可以否则静态场景更现实,提高可信度。现有的大规模人群呈现方法通常使用以下三种类型的技术提高渲染速度:细节层次(LoD)技术(<a href="#B1">1</a>,<a href="#B2">2</a>),基于图像的渲染(IBR)有关技术(<a href="#B3">3</a>,<a href="#B4">4</a>),点样例呈现(PSR)技术(<a href="#B5">5</a>,<a href="#B6">6</a>]。</p> <p>LoD方法,原始网格简化不同程度根据绘图对象的距离角度减少总画的图。IBR技术有关最近人气大增(<a href="#B7">7</a>]。这是因为它允许快速呈现为每个代理和只有一个图片可以自动呈现骗子。缺点是存储图像和纹理内存的消耗高度相关。此外,插值的图像是耗时的,一般禁止在给定的时间范围内。PSR的技术,不需要存储和维护一致的拓扑信息。因此,它比三角形网格更灵活。然而,这种技术有几个局限性。例如,点成为独立于原始网格,和加载动画变得困难,如果点样品的结果的LoD网格。</p> <p>先前的研究要么简化了复杂模型的原始三角补丁根据用户的视角的改变或替换简单的三角形和简单的图形元素。然而,当用户的角度动态地变化,这可能会导致突变渲染效率。在一些实际的应用程序中,用户经常需要从多个位置和角度观察,因为群体的大面积分布。现有的组呈现方法有很大的不同在单帧渲染的速度由于渲染任务在不同视角下的变化。这将创建在线流畅漫游的用户体验。因此,目前迫切需要控制大规模人群渲染的效率。</p> <p>本文提出了一种有效的控制方法对大规模人群呈现。在我们的方法中,我们设计一个自反馈状态机(SFSM)控制效率。它包含三种状态,每个状态对应于一个渲染精度。国家是由渲染一帧的时间成本。因此,渲染速度可以保持在一个合理的范围内,达到实时效果。</p> <p>由于集团运动的连续性和变化的观点,我们采用前一帧的渲染时间成本尽可能的反馈信息来预测当前帧的时间。它还可以用于确定SFSM的状态。因此,当大规模组场景的渲染速度不同于用户的预期速度,SFSM可以自动检测异常并迅速调整到所需的速度。此外,我们节省时间消耗减少人的更新频率远离的观点。这些人是在一个视觉不敏感的地区,所以他们对整体视觉效果影响甚微。进一步减少绘图任务总数,可变精度采样技术使用一个相对粗糙的点采样模型来取代一个相对好模型,这是类似于减少整个屏幕的分辨率。</p> <p>实验表明,我们的效率控制方法可以稳定渲染效率在0.6内用户的期望<我>年代</我>的风景吸引数以万计的球迷。速度偏差控制在10<我>女士</我>。</p> <h4 id="related-work">2。相关工作</h4> <p>关于大规模人群呈现,已经有大量的工作在这个领域<a href="#B8">8</a>- - - - - -<a href="#B12">12</a>]。这些研究提供了一个完整的、最新的概述艺术状态的人群呈现,深入比较了技术质量而言,资源,和性能。本节提供了一个简单的概述在大规模人群呈现相关工作。</p> <p>LoD的方法已被用于提高性能的实时人群呈现(<a href="#B13">13</a>]。这个想法是为了取代小,遥远的,或者不重要的场景中物体近似仿真模型,当一群人被吸引。在每一帧,系统选择适当的模型或解析模型的距离的观点(<a href="#B14">14</a>]。布罗根和霍金斯(<a href="#B15">15</a>)采用LoD技术来控制大规模人群的运动。他们模拟大规模人群之间通过动态切换这些钟表基于一个简化版的物理模拟的角色作为一个模拟LoD。奥沙利文<我>等</我>。(<a href="#B16">16</a>)提出了一个方法结合几个级别的细节大规模人群。然而,这可怜的结果生成时使用低分辨率的网格,因为太多的细节。动画工件由于联合顶点也可能发生的损失,从而减少虚拟人类的整体视觉现实主义。此外,人们已经发现,一个低分辨率模型不是感知相当于其高分辨率与传达微妙的变化在运动<a href="#B17">17</a>),说明的重要性占动画在选择LoD方案。广告牌云提出有吸引力的替代品,极端几何LoD简化(<a href="#B18">18</a>]。</p> <p>呈现骗子而不是几何证明大大提高渲染效率,但会导致视觉外观。有大量的研究关于IBR系统有关。视觉骗子基于映像的技术引入到一个几何渲染环境。这个想法是为了取代部分变形到一个简单的模型与图像表示,通常四,几何形状。通过这种方式,一个物体的呈现时间减少到一个恒定的变形开销。Tecchia [<a href="#B19">19</a>)使用了IBR技术呈现大规模人群有关模拟一个虚拟的城市环境。首先,为人类的许多可能的视图模型prerendered并存储在内存中。然后,最近的视图的设置用于显示在模拟的角色。同样,作et al。<a href="#B3">3</a>]介绍了一种新方法叫做Geopostors,再详细的几何图形和骗子生成虚拟人类。他们建造Geopostors混合许多图像映射所产生的正常的地图,详细地图,和一组可定制的颜色材料。Geopostors实现交互式帧速率和视觉现实与代理大规模模拟。</p> <p>使用点作为新的原始呈现几何提出Levoy早期和书写的报告(<a href="#B21">20.</a>]。其想法是呈现一个模型使用大量的点。高斯滤波器或表面抛雪球算法(<a href="#B22">21</a>)可以填写执行可能的差距。调查积分技术提出了Kobelt和Botsch<a href="#B23">22</a>]。在[<a href="#B24">23</a>],作者提出了只利用积分模型来代替模型远离的观点。因此,PSR更有用和更快的三角形模型覆盖一个像素或更少,不需要存储和维护全球一致的拓扑信息。因此,相比他们更灵活的三角形网格。然而,这种技术有一定的局限性。例如,它很容易导致从初始模型,独立,很难加载动画如果点样本的结果的LoD网格。</p> <h4 id="efficiency-control-method">3所示。效率的控制方法</h4> <p>实现高性能渲染成千上万的代理时,本文提出了一种效率控制策略。这个想法是为了调整模型的精度由SFSM期间呈现。当渲染速度低于用户的期望,大概位置精度模型的模型是用来提高渲染速度。相比之下,当呈现速度满足用户的期望,具有良好精度模型是用于确保更好的视觉质量。同时,运动更新方法和变量精度抽样方法也被用来实现动态调整模型的渲染和视觉效果的损失降到最低。</p> <p>图<a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/am/2018/3958306/fig1/" target="_blank">1</a>显示了一般人群呈现的过程。大部分的时间都花在运动(位置、方向、行动等)更新在每一帧的渲染模式。解决这些问题,我们的技术的目标是变频动态更新和可变精度抽样方法。</p> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig1"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig1"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="3958306.fig.001" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/am/volume-2018/3958306/figures/3958306.fig.001.svgz"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图1</年代pan> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/am/2018/3958306/fig1/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <div> 组呈现过程。</d我v> </div> </div> </div> <p>的原则和实现部分中描述的两个算法<a href="#sec3.1">3.1</a>和部分<a href="#sec3.2">3.2</a>分别和SFSM的结构及其效率控制过程将部分中描述<a href="#sec3.3">3.3</a>。</p> <h5 id="sec3.1">3.1。变频运动更新</h5> <p>瑞秋et al。<a href="#B17">17</a>]报道的距离相机骗子和感知不同的简化网格相当于高分辨率几何。变频运动更新我们的方法是基于这一事实。</p> <p>渲染效率控制我们的目的是通过减少运动的频率更新的人远离相机。</p> <p>我们使用<年代vg 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transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-103"></use> </g> </svg>框架。在这里,<我>f</我>是一个整数大于或等于1,计算如下:<年代pan class="equation_break" id="EEq1"><span class="left_break" id="L3"></span><span class="middle_break"><span class="center_break" id="M3"> <svg height="36.3978pt" id="M3-1" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 173.395 36.3978" width="173.395pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g id="B3-1"> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,21.526)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-103"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,11.99,21.526)"> <path d="M535 323V373H52V323H535ZM535 138V188H52V138H535Z" id="g117-34"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,23.25,21.526)"> <path d="M533 -990V-954C407 -937 392 -869 392 -793L412 76C412 166 380 246 300 269V273C381 294 412 374 412 463C412 753 392 1055 392 1340C392 1413 407 1477 533 1494V1530C445 1530 317 1507 317 1312L327 436C327 378 321 302 144 292V248C321 238 327 162 327 104L317 -778C317 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xlink:href="#g50-115"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,154.91,31.65)"> <path d="M531 285V335L57 550V494L473 310L57 127V71L531 285ZM531 -40V10H57V-40H531Z" id="g117-94"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,166.18,31.65)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-101"></use> </g> </g> </svg> <svg class="alt_equation" height="36.3978pt" id="I3" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 174.71 36.3978" width="174.71pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <use transform="matrix(1 0 0 1 0 0)" xlink:href="#B3-1"></use> </svg></span></span><span class="right_break" id="R3"> <svg class="label" height="11.44pt" id="M3-2" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 13.398 11.44" width="13.398pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g id="B3-2"> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,9.26)"> <path d="M300 -147C201 -63 143 98 143 270S200 602 300 686L282 710C136 611 70 451 70 272V271C70 90 136 -71 282 -169L300 -147Z" id="g190-41"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,4.5,9.26)"> <path d="M311 0V25C221 32 216 41 216 113V635C162 613 103 594 39 583V559L88 556C131 552 135 546 135 500V113C135 41 131 32 40 25V0H311Z" id="g190-213"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,8.9,9.26)"> <path d="M275 271C275 451 212 609 64 710L45 686C145 604 203 442 203 270S147 -63 45 -147L64 -170C213 -68 275 89 275 269V271Z" id="g190-42"></path> </g> </g> </svg> <svg class="alt_label" height="36.3978pt" id="IL3" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 13.45 36.3978" width="13.45pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <use transform="matrix(1 0 0 1 0 12.27)" xlink:href="#B3-2"></use> </svg></span></span>在哪里<年代vg height="12.5794pt" id="M4" style="vertical-align:-3.29107pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.28833 20.4709 12.5794" width="20.4709pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-101"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,7.15,3.132)"> <use xlink:href="#g50-100"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,10.893,3.132)"> <use xlink:href="#g50-118"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,15.916,3.132)"> <use xlink:href="#g50-115"></use> </g> </svg>是距离沿着查看方向从相机到虚拟人模型。我们将降低更新频率只有当<年代vg height="12.5794pt" id="M5" style="vertical-align:-3.29107pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.28833 20.4709 12.5794" width="20.4709pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-101"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,7.15,3.132)"> <use xlink:href="#g50-100"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,10.893,3.132)"> <use xlink:href="#g50-118"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,15.916,3.132)"> <use xlink:href="#g50-115"></use> </g> </svg>大于<我>d</我>。<我>d</我>是由SFSM决定。<年代vg height="9.49473pt" id="M6" style="vertical-align:-0.2063999pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.28833 6.59789 9.49473" width="6.59789pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-230"></use> </g> </svg>是一个常数,其值在0.05和0.1之间基于经验。</p> <h5 id="sec3.2">3.2。变量抽样精度渲染</h5> <p>因为PSR方法的优势绘画效果和实时渲染组大小和可以识别的快速绘制数以百万计的人在一个电脑(<a href="#B5">5</a>),我们提出一个基于PSR技术变量精度抽样技术。它实现了动态控制通过使用多精度点采样模型渲染效率。</p> <h6 id="sec3.2.1">3.2.1之上。大规模人群呈现基于点采样</h6> <p>实现三维模型的快速渲染,绘画技术基于点采样的原则是使用对应点的投影区域元素替换原来的三角面元素。我们成功地应用技术来简化虚拟人体模型(<a href="#B5">5</a>)(见图<a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/am/2018/3958306/fig2/" target="_blank">2</a>与30000年到50000年的代理)和实现人群呈现(图<a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/am/2018/3958306/fig3/" target="_blank">3</a>)。</p> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig2"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig2"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(一)”name="3958306.fig.002a" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/am/volume-2018/3958306/figures/3958306.fig.002a.svgz"> <br> <strong>(一)</年代trong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(b)”name="3958306.fig.002b" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/am/volume-2018/3958306/figures/3958306.fig.002b.svgz"> <br> <strong>(b)</年代trong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs fig-thumbs-fig2"> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(a)"><img alt="(一)”name="3958306.fig.002a" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/am/volume-2018/3958306/figures/3958306.fig.002a.svgz"><br><strong>(一)</年代trong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(b)"><img alt="(b)”name="3958306.fig.002b" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/am/volume-2018/3958306/figures/3958306.fig.002b.svgz"><br><strong>(b)</年代trong></button> </div> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev fig-nav-fig2"> <button class="carousel-prev" aria-label="Previous"></button> <button class="carousel-next" aria-label="Next"></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图2</年代pan> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/am/2018/3958306/fig2/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <div> 模型采样点的效果。(一)1246三角形。946 (b)三角形,7773个采样点。</d我v> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig3"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig3"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(一)”name="3958306.fig.003a" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/am/volume-2018/3958306/figures/3958306.fig.003a.svgz"> <br> <strong>(一)</年代trong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(b)”name="3958306.fig.003b" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/am/volume-2018/3958306/figures/3958306.fig.003b.svgz"> <br> <strong>(b)</年代trong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs fig-thumbs-fig3"> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(a)"><img alt="(一)”name="3958306.fig.003a" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/am/volume-2018/3958306/figures/3958306.fig.003a.svgz"><br><strong>(一)</年代trong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(b)"><img alt="(b)”name="3958306.fig.003b" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/am/volume-2018/3958306/figures/3958306.fig.003b.svgz"><br><strong>(b)</年代trong></button> </div> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev fig-nav-fig3"> <button class="carousel-prev" aria-label="Previous"></button> <button class="carousel-next" aria-label="Next"></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图3</年代pan> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/am/2018/3958306/fig3/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <div> 我们大规模人群仿真系统。(a)的完整视图,现场包含共有36200人。(b)的局部放大。</d我v> </div> </div> </div> <p>基于点采样组映射方法可以有效地改善组场景的渲染效率和实时渲染的规模。然而,与其他组映射方法,重点呈现的基本思想方法是动态简化模型。当用户的看法改变,可能有变化的速度屏幕更新,导致非光滑的视觉体验。</p> <h6 id="sec3.2.2">3.2.2。可变精度抽样技术</h6> <p>在最初的采样点,原则是使用投影区域足够大来取代三角面元素图模型来节省时间。当像素的大小增加,还增加了像素的投影。同样的模型,像素的数量增加,和三角片的数量减少,所以画的速度增加。另一方面,三角面增加,从而导致一个更复杂的模型,绘制速度降低。</p> <p>Levoy早期提出的积分技术和书写的<a href="#B21">20.</a>],他们建议使用点作为新的原始呈现几何。这个想法是为了使表面使用大量的点。Point-sampled对象不需要存储和维护全球一致的拓扑信息。因此,相比他们更灵活的三角形网格。</p> <p>可变精度抽样的原则是动态调整采样点的大小通过增加(或减少)的投影区域采样点屏幕,根据渲染速度的要求。动态修改的影响采样点的大小相当于屏幕分辨率(图的变化<a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/am/2018/3958306/fig4/" target="_blank">4</a>)。每一帧的大小SFSM设定的采样点。</p> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig4"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig4"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="3958306.fig.004" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/am/volume-2018/3958306/figures/3958306.fig.004.svgz"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图4</年代pan> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/am/2018/3958306/fig4/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <div> 呈现不同的采样密度的影响。</d我v> </div> </div> </div> <p>这两个数据图中的第一行<a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/am/2018/3958306/fig4/" target="_blank">4</a>显示采样点权重接近0.2像素帧率是21.3<我>帧/秒</我>当我们使用更高精度渲染效果。另外两个数据图的第二行<a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/am/2018/3958306/fig4/" target="_blank">4</a>是精度渲染效果,其采样点权值接近1像素,绘制帧率是65.5<我>帧/秒</我>。</p> <h5 id="sec3.3">3.3。自反馈状态机</h5> <p>基于上述两种方法,我们设计SFSM自动控制人群运动的渲染效率。SFSM动态监控由每一帧的时间开销和比较它与用户所期望的绘图速度确定当前系统的渲染速度达到用户满意度水平,应该使用什么样的战略和加速度精确绘制当前帧。</p> <p>SFSM呈现有三种状态:状态0,状态1,状态2,对应于不同的加速策略。状态0,没有运动与变频更新操作。原始模型模式呈现。它是最详细的图纸,和时间成本较大。在状态1,变频运动更新需要执行,和采样点的大小保持不变。在状态2,变频运动更新也必须被执行,和每个呈现一个变量精确点。在这种状态下,呈现的速度是最快的。</p> <p>图<a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/am/2018/3958306/fig5/" target="_blank">5</a>显示之间的过渡状态,<年代vg height="9.49473pt" id="M7" style="vertical-align:-0.2063999pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.28833 7.34169 9.49473" width="7.34169pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-101"></use> </g> </svg>在状态1一个变量(对应<年代vg height="9.49473pt" id="M8" style="vertical-align:-0.2063999pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.28833 7.34169 9.49473" width="7.34169pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-101"></use> </g> </svg>在(<a href="#EEq1">1</a>))。这意味着个人的与摄像机之间的距离大于<年代vg height="9.49473pt" id="M9" style="vertical-align:-0.2063999pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.28833 7.34169 9.49473" width="7.34169pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-101"></use> </g> </svg>开始执行变频运动更新。距离越大,更新频率越慢。</p> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig5"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig5"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(一)”name="3958306.fig.005a" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/am/volume-2018/3958306/figures/3958306.fig.005a.svgz"> <br> <strong>(一)</年代trong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(b)”name="3958306.fig.005b" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/am/volume-2018/3958306/figures/3958306.fig.005b.svgz"> <br> <strong>(b)</年代trong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(c)”name="3958306.fig.005c" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/am/volume-2018/3958306/figures/3958306.fig.005c.svgz"> <br> <strong>(c)</年代trong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(d)”name="3958306.fig.005d" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/am/volume-2018/3958306/figures/3958306.fig.005d.svgz"> <br> <strong>(d)</年代trong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(e)”name="3958306.fig.005e" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/am/volume-2018/3958306/figures/3958306.fig.005e.svgz"> <br> <strong>(e)</年代trong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(f)”name="3958306.fig.005f" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/am/volume-2018/3958306/figures/3958306.fig.005f.svgz"> <br> <strong>(f)</年代trong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(g)”name="3958306.fig.005g" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/am/volume-2018/3958306/figures/3958306.fig.005g.svgz"> <br> <strong>(g)</年代trong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs fig-thumbs-fig5"> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(a)"><img alt="(一)”name="3958306.fig.005a" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/am/volume-2018/3958306/figures/3958306.fig.005a.svgz"><br><strong>(一)</年代trong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(b)"><img alt="(b)”name="3958306.fig.005b" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/am/volume-2018/3958306/figures/3958306.fig.005b.svgz"><br><strong>(b)</年代trong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(c)"><img alt="(c)”name="3958306.fig.005c" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/am/volume-2018/3958306/figures/3958306.fig.005c.svgz"><br><strong>(c)</年代trong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(d)"><img alt="(d)”name="3958306.fig.005d" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/am/volume-2018/3958306/figures/3958306.fig.005d.svgz"><br><strong>(d)</年代trong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(e)"><img alt="(e)”name="3958306.fig.005e" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/am/volume-2018/3958306/figures/3958306.fig.005e.svgz"><br><strong>(e)</年代trong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(f)"><img alt="(f)”name="3958306.fig.005f" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/am/volume-2018/3958306/figures/3958306.fig.005f.svgz"><br><strong>(f)</年代trong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(g)"><img alt="(g)”name="3958306.fig.005g" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/am/volume-2018/3958306/figures/3958306.fig.005g.svgz"><br><strong>(g)</年代trong></button> </div> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev fig-nav-fig5"> <button class="carousel-prev" aria-label="Previous"></button> <button class="carousel-next" aria-label="Next"></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图5</年代pan> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/am/2018/3958306/fig5/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <div> 状态机的状态转换机制。</d我v> </div> </div> </div> <p>距离是通过自学习方法。假设的时间成本<我>我</我>th框架<年代vg height="12.2532pt" id="M10" style="vertical-align:-3.29108pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.96212 10.3582 12.2532" width="10.3582pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"> <path d="M620 675H597C578 656 570 650 541 650H144C112 650 104 653 94 675H72C59 618 42 552 23 493L53 491C71 534 88 564 105 585C124 608 144 615 238 615H290L197 121C182 40 174 34 88 28L82 0H361L367 28C275 34 266 38 281 121L374 615H441C522 615 543 608 553 583C562 560 566 531 565 493L597 494C603 551 612 629 620 675Z" id="g113-85"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,7.176,3.132)"> <path d="M250 606C250 634 233 656 203 656C168 656 146 618 146 593C146 564 169 545 192 545C227 545 250 573 250 606ZM227 95L212 119C187 98 152 71 135 71C129 71 128 78 134 102L207 373C219 418 217 451 194 451C165 451 92 411 30 351L44 326C77 353 106 371 114 371C124 371 121 357 117 341L55 97C32 5 46 -12 70 -12C108 -12 191 51 227 95Z" id="g50-106"></path> </g> </svg>重量和相应的距离<年代pan class="nowrap"> <svg height="11.927pt" id="M11" style="vertical-align:-3.291101pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 13.0854 11.927" width="13.0854pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"> <path d="M743 375C743 570 607 650 407 650H136L130 622C214 612 220 606 204 526L125 122C110 43 105 36 24 27L17 0H250C382 0 482 23 571 76C680 141 743 248 743 375ZM644 379C644 188 520 36 305 36C277 36 249 38 229 46C205 55 202 71 212 126L293 553C300 588 306 600 317 606C330 613 356 617 390 617C547 617 644 537 644 379Z" id="g113-69"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,9.893,3.132)"> <use xlink:href="#g50-106"></use> </g> </svg>。</年代pan>我们假设(<年代vg height="11.927pt" id="M12" style="vertical-align:-3.291101pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 13.0854 11.927" width="13.0854pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-69"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,9.893,3.132)"> <use xlink:href="#g50-106"></use> </g> </svg>- - - - - -<年代vg height="11.927pt" id="M13" style="vertical-align:-3.291101pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 20.7854 11.927" width="20.7854pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-69"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,9.893,3.132)"> <use xlink:href="#g50-106"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,12.441,3.132)"> <path d="M300 253H71L57 198H286L300 253Z" id="g190-46"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,15.693,3.132)"> <path d="M389 0V32C297 38 291 46 291 118V635C234 613 175 595 109 583V556L161 554C203 552 207 547 207 497V118C207 46 201 38 110 32V0H389Z" id="g50-50"></path> </g> </svg>)是<年代vg height="11.927pt" id="M14" style="vertical-align:-3.291101pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 21.4497 11.927" width="21.4497pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"> <path d="M600 0V24L339 665L311 657L43 24V0H600ZM497 50H107L303 539L497 50Z" id="g113-133"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,8.327,0)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-69"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,18.22,3.132)"> <use xlink:href="#g50-106"></use> </g> </svg>和用户所期望的时间成本<我>t</我>,在当前视图,可见是最远的距离<年代pan class="nowrap"> <svg height="8.68572pt" id="M15" style="vertical-align:-0.0498209pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 7.31558 8.68572" width="7.31558pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"> <path d="M541 160L512 170C485 116 462 88 439 67C411 41 376 35 318 35C272 35 238 37 224 48C207 61 205 85 212 121L290 533C305 611 308 615 391 622L397 650H139L133 622C217 615 221 612 206 533L126 118C111 41 103 34 23 26L17 0H474C489 31 528 124 541 160Z" id="g113-77"></path> </g> </svg>。</年代pan>当系统的当前帧率不到达用户预期的帧率(例如,<年代vg height="12.2532pt" id="M16" style="vertical-align:-3.29108pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.96212 10.3582 12.2532" width="10.3582pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-85"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,7.176,3.132)"> <use xlink:href="#g50-106"></use> </g> </svg><<我>t</我>),<年代pan class="equation_break" 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transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,144.76,77.172)"> <use xlink:href="#g50-50"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,152.65,74.04)"> <use xlink:href="#g117-33"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,163.18,74.04)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-85"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,170.36,77.172)"> <use xlink:href="#g50-106"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,172.91,77.172)"> <use xlink:href="#g54-33"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,178.47,77.172)"> <use xlink:href="#g50-51"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,187.63,64.815)"> <use xlink:href="#g117-42"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,198.16,64.815)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-69"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,208.06,67.946)"> <use xlink:href="#g50-106"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,210.6,67.946)"> <use xlink:href="#g54-33"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,216.16,67.946)"> <use xlink:href="#g50-51"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,234.35,64.997)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-41"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,238.86,64.815)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-106"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,246.05,64.815)"> <path d="M512 230V281L75 514V456L453 256V254L75 55V-3L512 230Z" id="g117-92"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,257.31,64.815)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-50"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,263.55,64.997)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-42"></use> </g> </g> </svg> <svg class="alt_equation" height="99.4559pt" id="I17" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 276.01 99.4559" width="276.01pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <use transform="matrix(1 0 0 1 0 -32.86)" xlink:href="#B17-1"></use> <use transform="matrix(1 0 0 1 6.65 22.02)" xlink:href="#B17-2"></use> </svg></span></span><span class="right_break" id="R17"> <svg class="label" height="11.44pt" id="M17-3" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 15.038 11.44" width="15.038pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g id="B17-3"> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,9.26)"> <use xlink:href="#g190-41"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,4.5,9.26)"> <path d="M411 139C381 76 368 73 314 73H129L267 224C351 317 400 380 400 469C400 574 322 635 233 635C176 635 128 610 98 576L40 495L63 476C89 515 130 568 198 568C274 568 316 519 316 436C316 347 251 264 191 192C142 134 85 76 30 21V0H403C415 45 425 89 438 131L411 139Z" id="g190-243"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,10.54,9.26)"> <use xlink:href="#g190-42"></use> </g> </g> </svg> <svg class="alt_label" height="99.4559pt" id="IL17" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 15.1 99.4559" width="15.1pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <use transform="matrix(1 0 0 1 0 43.8)" xlink:href="#B17-3"></use> </svg></span></span>在初始状态,由用户指定的权重。<年代vg height="11.8174pt" id="M18" style="vertical-align:-3.1815pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 14.9762 11.8174" width="14.9762pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-69"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,9.893,3.132)"> <use xlink:href="#g50-50"></use> </g> </svg>大小是<我>l</我>。<年代vg height="12.1436pt" id="M19" style="vertical-align:-3.18148pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.96212 12.249 12.1436" width="12.249pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-85"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,7.176,3.132)"> <use xlink:href="#g50-50"></use> </g> </svg>第一帧的时间成本(根据状态转换条件的定义,<年代pan class="inline_break"> <svg height="12.1436pt" id="M20" style="vertical-align:-3.18148pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.96212 23.385 12.1436" width="23.385pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-85"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,7.176,3.132)"> <use xlink:href="#g50-50"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,15.754,0)"> <use xlink:href="#g117-92"></use> </g> </svg><span class="irelop"></span> <svg height="12.1436pt" style="vertical-align:-3.18148pt" version="1.1" viewbox="26.9671838 -8.96212 4.605 12.1436" width="4.605pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,27.017,0)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-117"></use> </g> </svg></span>当系统在状态1),<年代vg height="11.8174pt" id="M21" style="vertical-align:-3.1815pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 14.9762 11.8174" width="14.9762pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-69"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,9.893,3.132)"> <use xlink:href="#g50-51"></use> </g> </svg>是5/6<我>l</我>,<年代vg height="12.1436pt" id="M22" style="vertical-align:-3.18148pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.96212 12.249 12.1436" width="12.249pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-85"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,7.176,3.132)"> <use xlink:href="#g50-51"></use> </g> </svg>第二帧的时间成本。公式的推导过程<a href="#EEq2">2</a>)是一个系统的学习过程。的步骤如下。</p> <p>当<年代pan class="inline_break"> <svg height="12.2532pt" id="M23" style="vertical-align:-3.29108pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.96212 21.495 12.2532" width="21.495pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-85"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,7.176,3.132)"> <use xlink:href="#g50-106"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,13.864,0)"> <use xlink:href="#g117-92"></use> </g> </svg><span class="irelop"></span> <svg height="12.2532pt" style="vertical-align:-3.29108pt" version="1.1" viewbox="25.076183800000003 -8.96212 4.605 12.2532" width="4.605pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,25.126,0)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-117"></use> </g> </svg></span>,然后<年代pan class="equation_break" id="EEq3"><span class="left_break" id="L24"></span><span class="middle_break"><span class="center_break" id="M24"> <svg height="30.5501pt" id="M24-1" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 135.812 30.5501" width="135.812pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g id="B24-1"> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,17.924)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-133"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,8.32,17.924)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-69"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,18.36,21.056)"> <use xlink:href="#g50-106"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,25.04,17.924)"> <use xlink:href="#g117-34"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,36.31,17.924)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-133"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,44.63,17.924)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-69"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,54.67,21.056)"> <use xlink:href="#g50-106"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,57.22,21.056)"> <use xlink:href="#g54-33"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,62.78,21.056)"> <use xlink:href="#g50-50"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,70.66,17.924)"> <use xlink:href="#g117-42"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,90.31,8.962)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-117"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,97.65,8.962)"> <use xlink:href="#g117-33"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,108.18,8.962)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-85"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,115.36,12.094)"> <use xlink:href="#g50-106"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,117.91,12.094)"> <use xlink:href="#g54-33"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,123.47,12.094)"> <use xlink:href="#g50-50"></use> </g> <rect height="0.65243" width="54.0462" x="82.39" y="14.27"></rect> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,82.39,27.149)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-85"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,89.57,30.281)"> <use xlink:href="#g50-106"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,92.11,30.281)"> <use xlink:href="#g54-33"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,97.67,30.281)"> <use xlink:href="#g50-50"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,105.56,27.149)"> <use xlink:href="#g117-33"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,116.09,27.149)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-85"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,123.27,30.281)"> <use xlink:href="#g50-106"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,125.82,30.281)"> <use xlink:href="#g54-33"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,131.38,30.281)"> <use xlink:href="#g50-51"></use> </g> </g> </svg> <svg height="30.5501pt" id="M24-2" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 33.698 30.5501" width="33.698pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g id="B24-2"> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,18.107)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-41"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,4.52,17.924)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-106"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,11.7,17.924)"> <use xlink:href="#g117-92"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,22.96,17.924)"> <path d="M412 140C382 77 369 73 315 73H129L270 222C362 320 402 379 402 466C402 571 322 635 234 635C177 635 130 609 99 576L42 495L64 475C90 514 133 568 201 568C274 568 318 519 318 435C318 349 255 267 193 193C144 135 87 78 32 23V0H405C417 45 427 89 440 131L412 140Z" id="g113-51"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,29.2,18.107)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-42"></use> </g> </g> </svg> <svg class="alt_equation" height="30.5501pt" id="I24" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 183.55 30.5501" width="183.55pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <use transform="matrix(1 0 0 1 0 0)" xlink:href="#B24-1"></use> <use transform="matrix(1 0 0 1 149.77 0)" xlink:href="#B24-2"></use> </svg></span></span><span class="right_break" id="R24"> <svg class="label" height="11.44pt" id="M24-3" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 14.868 11.44" width="14.868pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g id="B24-3"> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,9.26)"> <use xlink:href="#g190-41"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,4.5,9.26)"> <path d="M269 381C298 400 325 421 340 436C360 455 370 476 370 504C370 579 313 635 223 635H222C170 635 123 610 95 579L52 516L72 497C95 533 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xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g id="B25-1"> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,17.924)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-69"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,9.89,21.056)"> <use xlink:href="#g50-106"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,15.85,17.924)"> <use xlink:href="#g117-33"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,26.39,17.924)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-69"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,36.28,21.056)"> <use xlink:href="#g50-106"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,38.83,21.056)"> <use xlink:href="#g54-33"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,44.39,21.056)"> <use xlink:href="#g50-50"></use> </g> </g> </svg> <svg height="30.5501pt" id="M25-2" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 80.685 30.5501" width="80.685pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g id="B25-2"> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,17.924)"> <use xlink:href="#g117-34"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,11.26,17.924)"> <use xlink:href="#g119-5"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,16.28,17.924)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-69"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,26.18,21.056)"> <use xlink:href="#g50-106"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,28.73,21.056)"> <use xlink:href="#g54-33"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,34.29,21.056)"> <use xlink:href="#g50-50"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,42.17,17.924)"> <use xlink:href="#g117-33"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,52.7,17.924)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-69"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,62.6,21.056)"> <use xlink:href="#g50-106"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,65.15,21.056)"> <use xlink:href="#g54-33"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,70.71,21.056)"> <use xlink:href="#g50-51"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,75.68,17.924)"> <use xlink:href="#g119-6"></use> </g> </g> </svg> <svg height="30.5501pt" id="M25-3" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 65.152 30.5501" width="65.152pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g id="B25-3"> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,17.924)"> <use xlink:href="#g117-42"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,19.66,8.962)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-117"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,26.99,8.962)"> <use xlink:href="#g117-33"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,37.53,8.962)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-85"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,44.71,12.094)"> <use xlink:href="#g50-106"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,47.26,12.094)"> <use xlink:href="#g54-33"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,52.82,12.094)"> <use xlink:href="#g50-50"></use> </g> <rect height="0.65243" width="54.0462" x="11.74" y="14.27"></rect> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,11.74,27.149)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-85"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,18.91,30.281)"> <use xlink:href="#g50-106"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,21.46,30.281)"> <use xlink:href="#g54-33"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,27.02,30.281)"> <use xlink:href="#g50-50"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,34.9,27.149)"> <use xlink:href="#g117-33"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,45.44,27.149)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-85"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,52.62,30.281)"> <use xlink:href="#g50-106"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,55.16,30.281)"> <use xlink:href="#g54-33"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,60.72,30.281)"> <use xlink:href="#g50-51"></use> </g> </g> </svg> <svg height="30.5501pt" id="M25-4" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 33.698 30.5501" width="33.698pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g id="B25-4"> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,18.107)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-41"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,4.51,17.924)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-106"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,11.69,17.924)"> <use xlink:href="#g117-92"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,22.96,17.924)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-51"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,29.2,18.107)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-42"></use> </g> </g> </svg> <svg class="alt_equation" height="53.9746pt" id="I25" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 180.22 53.9746" width="180.22pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <use transform="matrix(1 0 0 1 0 -7.33)" xlink:href="#B25-1"></use> <use transform="matrix(1 0 0 1 53.1 -7.33)" xlink:href="#B25-2"></use> <use transform="matrix(1 0 0 1 67.3 23.42)" xlink:href="#B25-3"></use> <use transform="matrix(1 0 0 1 146.42 23.42)" xlink:href="#B25-4"></use> </svg></span></span><span class="right_break" id="R25"> <svg class="label" height="11.44pt" id="M25-5" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 15.458 11.44" width="15.458pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g id="B25-5"> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,9.26)"> <use xlink:href="#g190-41"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,4.5,9.26)"> <path d="M465 179V225H369V632H330C227 497 124 346 29 205V179H289V107C289 37 284 33 198 26V0H454V26C374 33 369 37 369 107V179H465ZM289 225H92C156 335 222 430 287 520H289V225Z" id="g190-166"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,10.96,9.26)"> <use xlink:href="#g190-42"></use> </g> </g> </svg> <svg class="alt_label" height="53.9746pt" id="IL25" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 15.52 53.9746" width="15.52pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <use transform="matrix(1 0 0 1 0 21.06)" xlink:href="#B25-5"></use> </svg></span></span>在学习的过程中,如果<年代vg height="12.2532pt" id="M26" style="vertical-align:-3.29108pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.96212 10.3582 12.2532" width="10.3582pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-85"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,7.176,3.132)"> <use xlink:href="#g50-106"></use> </g> </svg><<我>t</我>,有一个“在学习条件”,<年代pan class="equation_break" id="EEq5"><span class="left_break" id="L27"></span><span class="middle_break"><span class="center_break" id="M27"> <svg height="26.1319pt" id="M27-1" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 83.242 26.1319" width="83.242pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g id="B27-1"> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,16.857)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-133"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,8.33,16.857)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-69"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,18.22,19.988)"> <use xlink:href="#g50-106"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,24.91,16.857)"> <use xlink:href="#g117-34"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,37.36,8.349)"> <use xlink:href="#g117-33"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,45,8.349)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-50"></use> </g> <rect height="0.65243" width="13.923" x="37.36" y="13.203"></rect> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,41.19,26.082)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-51"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,52.48,16.857)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-133"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,60.81,16.857)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-69"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,70.7,19.988)"> <use xlink:href="#g50-106"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,73.25,19.988)"> <use xlink:href="#g54-33"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,78.81,19.988)"> <use xlink:href="#g50-50"></use> </g> </g> </svg></span></span><span class="right_break" id="R27"> <svg class="label" height="11.44pt" id="M27-2" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 14.898 11.44" width="14.898pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g id="B27-2"> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,9.25)"> <use xlink:href="#g190-41"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,4.5,9.25)"> <path d="M130 550H367L393 615L386 623H101L63 323C82 331 123 342 165 342C275 342 328 277 328 188C328 107 283 40 201 40C141 40 99 72 78 91C69 99 59 98 51 91C39 81 30 67 29 58C28 48 33 37 46 24C60 10 104 -12 149 -12C203 -11 269 14 323 59C384 109 412 165 412 225C412 308 347 399 219 399C193 399 146 382 104 367L130 550Z" id="g190-161"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,10.4,9.25)"> <use xlink:href="#g190-42"></use> </g> </g> </svg></span></span>通过转换,<年代pan class="equation_break" id="EEq6"><span class="left_break" id="L28"></span><span class="middle_break"><span class="center_break" id="M28"> <svg height="26.1319pt" id="M28-1" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 104.012 26.1319" width="104.012pt" 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transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,62.38,16.857)"> <path d="M535 230V280H323V490H265V280H52V230H265V-3H323V230H535Z" id="g117-36"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,74.12,8.349)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-50"></use> </g> <rect height="0.65243" width="6.26339" x="74.12" y="13.203"></rect> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,74.12,26.082)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-51"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,81.57,16.857)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-69"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,91.47,19.988)"> <use xlink:href="#g50-106"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,94.02,19.988)"> <use xlink:href="#g54-33"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,99.58,19.988)"> <use xlink:href="#g50-51"></use> </g> </g> </svg></span></span><span class="right_break" id="R28"> <svg class="label" height="11.44pt" id="M28-2" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 15.428 11.44" width="15.428pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" 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</svg><i>l</我>当<年代pan class="inline_break"> <svg height="8.8423pt" id="M31" style="vertical-align:-0.2064009pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 14.812 8.8423" width="14.812pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-106"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,7.181,0)"> <use xlink:href="#g117-34"></use> </g> </svg><span class="irelop"></span> <svg height="8.8423pt" style="vertical-align:-0.2064009pt" version="1.1" viewbox="18.3941838 -8.6359 6.405 8.8423" width="6.405pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,18.444,0)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-51"></use> </g> </svg></span>。</p> <p>在自主学习过程中,<年代vg height="11.927pt" id="M32" style="vertical-align:-3.291101pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 21.4497 11.927" width="21.4497pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-133"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,8.327,0)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-69"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,18.22,3.132)"> <use xlink:href="#g50-106"></use> </g> </svg>逐渐收敛,当它小于一定重量<我>h</我>(<我>h</我>通常是10至20米),<年代vg height="11.927pt" id="M33" style="vertical-align:-3.291101pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 21.4497 11.927" width="21.4497pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-133"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,8.327,0)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-69"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,18.22,3.132)"> <use xlink:href="#g50-106"></use> </g> </svg>被设置为一个常数和大小<年代pan class="nowrap"> <svg height="9.49473pt" id="M34" style="vertical-align:-0.2063999pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -9.28833 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</svg>< (2/3)<年代vg height="6.01072pt" id="M36" style="vertical-align:-0.04980993pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -5.96091 7.75925 6.01072" width="7.75925pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-43"></use> </g> </svg><i>l</我>,SFSM将过渡到状态2状态1。</p> <p>当系统在状态2,样本大小的参数表示采样点的大小。如果渲染速度低于速度用户可以容忍,从较低状态系统切换到更高的状态(数据<a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/am/2018/3958306/fig5/" target="_blank">5(一个)</a>- - - - - -<a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/am/2018/3958306/fig5/" target="_blank">5 (c)</a>),然后人群模型渲染的效率将会增加。相反,它将在相反的方向逆转(数字<a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/am/2018/3958306/fig5/" target="_blank">5 (d)</a>- - - - - -<a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/am/2018/3958306/fig5/" target="_blank">5 (g)</a>),模型的准确性会降低。</p> <p>样本大小的重量是由线性变化。由于使用原始模型的三角形画,采样点体重在初始状态是0。我们设置了<我>我</我>th帧采样点体重<年代vg height="11.927pt" id="M37" style="vertical-align:-3.291101pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 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transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,35.56,21.526)"> <use xlink:href="#g117-91"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,46.83,21.526)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-51"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,53.07,21.709)"> <use xlink:href="#g113-42"></use> </g> </g> </svg> <svg class="alt_equation" height="58.413pt" id="I38" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 195.45 58.413" width="195.45pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <use transform="matrix(1 0 0 1 0 0)" xlink:href="#B38-1"></use> <use transform="matrix(1 0 0 1 137.74 32.92)" xlink:href="#B38-2"></use> </svg></span></span><span class="right_break" id="R38"> <svg class="label" height="11.44pt" id="M38-3" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 15.028 11.44" width="15.028pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g id="B38-3"> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,9.26)"> <use xlink:href="#g190-41"></use> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,4.5,9.26)"> <path d="M430 623H48C43 580 39 534 30 478H57C80 544 84 550 152 550H369C286 366 187 178 74 -1L81 -12L156 -2C249 201 343 408 438 611L430 623Z" id="g190-223"></path> </g> <g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,10.53,9.26)"> <use xlink:href="#g190-42"></use> </g> </g> </svg> <svg class="alt_label" height="58.413pt" id="IL38" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 15.09 58.413" width="15.09pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <use transform="matrix(1 0 0 1 0 23.28)" xlink:href="#B38-3"></use> </svg></span></span></p> <h4 id="experimental-results">4所示。实验结果</h4> <p>我们测量的运行时性能效率控制方法使用一个I7 3.4 GHz处理器,8 GB RAM和2 g的GeForce 1050显卡显存。运动个体的原始模型包含1000个补丁。</p> <p>验证响应能力与效率的变化控制在呈现期间,在我们的第一个测试(见图<a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/am/2018/3958306/fig6/" target="_blank">6</a>),我们呈现一群有二万个人在一个静态角度看电脑。在初始状态,用户的期望的速度是1000<我>女士/框架</我>,系统状态0。在30帧,用户的期望的速度调整到300 (±10)<我>女士</我>/<我>框架</我>,系统状态转化为状态(请参见图1<a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/am/2018/3958306/fig7/" target="_blank">7</a>),在这种状态下,每一帧之间的时间成本<我>300毫秒</我>和<我>310毫秒</我>。在第100帧,用户的期望的速度调整到大约95 (±10)<我>女士/框架</我>,系统状态转化为状态2(见图<a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/am/2018/3958306/fig8/" target="_blank">8</a>)。从这些数据中,我们可以看到,在漫游过程中,用户的期望的渲染效率改变了两次,每一帧的时间成本仍然是在300年<我>女士</我>和310年<我>女士</我>后第100帧。</p> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig6"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig6"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="3958306.fig.006" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/am/volume-2018/3958306/figures/3958306.fig.006.svgz"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图6</年代pan> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/am/2018/3958306/fig6/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <div> 在状态0渲染效果。左边的图片显示,该集团画视觉状态0和绘制帧率为1.0 fps;正确的图片显示了局部放大。我们可以看到,模型精度较高。</d我v> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig7"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig7"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="3958306.fig.007" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/am/volume-2018/3958306/figures/3958306.fig.007.svgz"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图7</年代pan> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/am/2018/3958306/fig7/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <div> 在状态1渲染效果。左边的图片显示,该集团画视觉状态1,绘制帧率为3.3 fps;正确的图片显示了局部放大。我们可以看到模型精度保持在0。</d我v> </div> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig8"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig8"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="3958306.fig.008" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/am/volume-2018/3958306/figures/3958306.fig.008.svgz"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图8</年代pan> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/am/2018/3958306/fig8/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <div> 在状态2渲染效果。左边的图片显示,该集团画视觉状态2,绘制帧率为10.5 fps;正确的图片显示了局部放大和我们可以看到模型精度略低于0,但模型的细度不明显的愿景。</d我v> </div> </div> </div> <p>图<a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/am/2018/3958306/fig9/" target="_blank">9</a>清楚地说明了人群呈现有和没有效率的性能控制。有两个国家调整30和100帧,和渲染速度的增加。我们还发现两个调整之间的平均时间成本为0。<我>55岁的年代</我>和效率的控制率达到96.6%。</p> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig9"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig9"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="3958306.fig.009" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/am/volume-2018/3958306/figures/3958306.fig.009.svgz"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图9</年代pan> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/am/2018/3958306/fig9/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <div> 第一个实验的效率曲线。纵轴表示时间成本(<我>女士</我>);横轴表示动画帧。</d我v> </div> </div> </div> <p>从这个实验中,我们可以看到,我们的方法可以快速响应需求变化的速度和控制大规模组场景的速度范围内用户的期望。</p> <p>在我们的下一个实验,来验证反应能力的变化呈现的观点,我们还执行人群仿真有20000个人在一个电脑。唯一的区别在于,这个模拟的动态视角。我们从三个视角渲染动画:近距离看,中程看来,范围和远程视图和渲染效果如图<a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/am/2018/3958306/fig10/" target="_blank">10</a>。在渲染的时候,用户的期望的速度是95<我>女士/框架</我>在初始状态,系统在状态1。从这个状态,漫游视图将定期做出改变。同时,系统将调整由SFSM渲染精度,以确保屏幕的平滑。</p> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig10"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig10"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(一)”name="3958306.fig.0010a" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/am/volume-2018/3958306/figures/3958306.fig.0010a.svgz"> <br> <strong>(一)</年代trong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(b)”name="3958306.fig.0010b" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/am/volume-2018/3958306/figures/3958306.fig.0010b.svgz"> <br> <strong>(b)</年代trong> </div> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="(c)”name="3958306.fig.0010c" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/am/volume-2018/3958306/figures/3958306.fig.0010c.svgz"> <br> <strong>(c)</年代trong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-middle"> <div class="floats-partial-middle--thumbs fig-thumbs-fig10"> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(a)"><img alt="(一)”name="3958306.fig.0010a" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/am/volume-2018/3958306/figures/3958306.fig.0010a.svgz"><br><strong>(一)</年代trong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(b)"><img alt="(b)”name="3958306.fig.0010b" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/am/volume-2018/3958306/figures/3958306.fig.0010b.svgz"><br><strong>(b)</年代trong></button> <button class="partial-carousel-dot" aria-label="(c)"><img alt="(c)”name="3958306.fig.0010c" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/am/volume-2018/3958306/figures/3958306.fig.0010c.svgz"><br><strong>(c)</年代trong></button> </div> <div class="partial-carousel-next-prev fig-nav-fig10"> <button class="carousel-prev" aria-label="Previous"></button> <button class="carousel-next" aria-label="Next"></button> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图10</年代pan> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/am/2018/3958306/fig10/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <div> 场景与三种不同的观点。(一)近距离的观点。(b)中程视图。(c)远程范围的观点。</d我v> </div> </div> </div> <p>在这个实验中,我们利用两个运动的更新和变量抽样精度。每一帧生成的时间成本是在图<a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/am/2018/3958306/fig11/" target="_blank">11</a>,每一帧的时间成本和没有效率控制在红色和蓝色线代表,分别。我们可以看到,渲染速度与我们的系统可以保持在一个稳定的范围内。效率高达97.8%的控制率使用SFSM和高于在无效率的情况下控制在69.7%。这表明,我们的方法可以快速响应用户的动态变化角度和控制渲染速度在所需的范围内,保证用户漫游视觉流畅的角度变化。</p> <div class="floats-partial-section partial-carousel-wrapper" data-section="fig11"> <div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-fig11"> <div class="partial-carousel--single-image"> <img alt="" name="3958306.fig.0011" src="https://static-01.hindawi.com/articles/am/volume-2018/3958306/figures/3958306.fig.0011.svgz"> <br> <strong></strong> </div> </div> <div class="floats-partial-footer"> <div class="floats-partial-caption"> <span class="caption-text">图11</年代pan> <a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/am/2018/3958306/fig11/" title="" target="_blank"></a> </div> <div class="floats-partial-caption-text"> <div> 第二个实验的效率曲线。纵轴表示时间成本(<我>女士</我>);横轴表示动画帧。</d我v> </div> </div> </div> <p>这两个实验表明,我们的效率控制机制提供人群呈现可以有效地控制大规模人群渲染的效率和为用户提供一个流畅的视觉体验。控制速度效率相对较高,在渲染时系统的帧速率可以满足用户的需求,和响应时间更短,当用户的预期帧速率动态变化。</p> <h4 id="data-availability">数据可用性</h4> <p>使用的数据来支持本研究的发现可以从相应的作者。</p> <h4 id="additional-points">附加分</h4> <p><i>总结与展望</我>。在本文中,我们提出一个方法来控制呈现大规模人群的效率,设计了一种精密控制SFSM。通过动态调整的映射精度的人口模型,渲染效率实现的动态控制,和大规模的群体运动的场景保证平滑漫游。我们的方法有几个优点。首先,我们提出了多级SFSM方法可以自动回复任务和用户需求的变化,它也可以迅速和有效地调整场景渲染速度和稳定范围内,以确保用户的网络漫游流利。第二,确保渲染效率的前提下,多级SFSM使用变频动态更新技术和可变精度点抽样技术来减少损失的视觉效果。</p> <h4 id="conflicts-of-interest">的利益冲突</h4> <p>作者宣称没有利益冲突。</p> <h4 id="authors’-contributions">作者的贡献</h4> <p>Lei律设计本文的概念和写的原稿;金陵张做了一些评论这项研究和修订后的手稿;梅林关风扇的构思和设计实验。阅读和批准所有的作者都最后的手稿。</p> <h4 id="acknowledgments">确认</h4> <p>这项工作是支持部分由中国国家自然科学基金(号。61502505,61472232,61572299),山东关键研究和发展项目(没有。2017 gsf20105),山东省自然科学基金的主要程序(没有。ZR2018ZB0419)、山东省自然科学基金(没有。ZR2016FB13),山东省高等教育科技计划(没有。J16LN09)。</p> </div> <div class="xml-content"> <h4 class="references" id="references">引用</h4> <ol> <li id="B1">柯切和m .花环,“进步的多分辨率网格变形表面,”<我>诉讼的ACM SIGGRAPH / Eurographics研讨会上电脑动画(SCA 05)</我>2005年7月,页191 - 200。<年代pan class="reflinks">视图:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1145/1073368.1073395">出版商的网站</a><span class="sep">|</年代pan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Progressive%20multiresolution%20meshes%20for%20deforming%20surfaces&author=S. 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Botsch”调查的积分技术在计算机图形学中,“<我>电脑和图形</我>,28卷,不。6,801 - 814年,2004页。<年代pan class="reflinks">视图:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cag.2004.08.009">出版商的网站</a><span class="sep">|</年代pan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=A%20survey%20of%20point-based%20techniques%20in%20computer%20graphics&author=L. Kobbelt &author=M. Botsch&publication_year=2004" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</a></span></li> <li id="B24">撒母耳和j·r·巴斯,“硬件加速点对点骗子的产生和渲染,“<我>图形学报Gpu &游戏工具</我>,10卷,不。3,37-49,2005页。<年代pan class="reflinks">视图:<a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Hardware-Accelerated%20Point%20Generation%20and%20Rendering%20of%20Point-Based%20Impostors&author=R. Samuel &author=J. Buss&publication_year=2005" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</a></span></li> </ol> </div> <div class="xml-content"> <h4 class="copyright" id="copyright">版权</h4> <p>版权©2018 Lei律等。这是一个开放的分布式下文章<a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">知识共享归属许可</a>,它允许无限制的使用、分配和复制在任何媒介,提供最初的工作是正确引用。</p> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> <div class="biblio__Wrapper-sc-1nou1lz-0 eyHfWh journal_article__BiblioIntegratorWidget-sc-12fk6zy-5 dbAANp article_widget biblioWrapper hide"> <hr> <h4 class="biblio__H4-sc-1nou1lz-2 kgAKHb hrTitleRef">更多相关文章</h4> <div id="biblio_widget" class="biblio__BiblioWrapper-sc-1nou1lz-1 feODzl"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="threeColumn__RightWrapper-sc-1bf4078-2 jzTMLK rightWrapper" id="rightSectionMenu"> <div> <div class="journal_article__ArticleStickyTopToolbar-sc-12fk6zy-0 gbrQxi article_sticky_top_toolbar"> <div class="sc-eTpRJs DEpmD article_top_toolbar"> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-bnXvFD jvrISH sc-dxZgTM biNtTe pdf_desktop 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height="24"><span class="sc-cTjmhe KJZzX">下载其他格式</年代pan><span class="sc-cugefK eMHxgt">更多的</年代pan></span> <span class="sc-htoDjs bMdQcY sc-cHSUfg igsEXS icon-colored _1CwL9R82TPl2HxDleeYGDR icon-themeable" title="" font-size="11"></span> </div> <div class="sc-gRnDUn jdFChG"> <a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link sc-cmjSyW xUpTO open_panel" href="//www.newsama.com/downloads/journals/am/2018/3958306.epub" aria-label="ePub" property="background-color" color="#D8D8D8"> <div class="sc-sdtwF zRGox"> ePub</d我v><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl sc-iYUSvU kZkpZw" title="" role="presentation" 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height="24"><span class="sc-cTjmhe KJZzX">订单打印副本</年代pan><span class="sc-cugefK eMHxgt">订单</年代pan></span><span class="sc-htoDjs kNoiZu sc-cHSUfg igsEXS right__icon icon-colored _32KP5uexH-Bgs7Kj8Gk1Tz icon-themeable" title="" font-size="16"></span></a> <div class="sc-gVLVqr hfwdLq"> <div class="sc-cBdUnI eNtNLA"> <div> 的观点<年代pan>518年</年代pan> </div> <div> 下载<年代pan>334年</年代pan> </div> </div> <div> <div class="sc-exkUMo bORSts"> <span class="__dimensions_badge_embed__" data-doi="10.1155/2018/3958306" data-style="small_circle"></span>引用</d我v> </div> </div> <nav class="sc-Rmtcm hZsedb sc-fnwBNb hrIyqE" id="toolbar__iconNav"> <h3 class="sc-csuQGl idXHYp">分享文章</h3> <ul class="sc-bRBYWo keayzM"> <li class="iconBorder"><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link" href="https://twitter.com/share?url=https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/3958306&via=Hindawi" aria-label="Sharing on Twitter" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl socialTwitter" title="" role="presentation" 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