), or lime plus nitrogen added. The AOB community was profiled using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP) of the amoA gene. AOB community structure was largely altered by addition, rather than liming, although interactions between nitrogen addition and plant species were also evident. Results indicate that nitrogen addition drives shifts in the structure of key microbial communities in upland grassland soils, and that plant species may play a significant role in determining AOB community structure.">
反应的Ammonia-Oxidising细菌社区氮、石灰、在高地草原的土壤和植物物种</gydF4y2Batitle>
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.expand_btn{-webkit-flex:1;-ms-flex:1;flex:1;background:url('data:image/svg+xml;base64,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') no-repeat 6px;background-position:center;margin-top:10px;min-width:55px;display:none;} @media (min-width:768px){.gvEcCq .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .expand_btn{display:none;}} .gvEcCq .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-text{-webkit-flex:9;-ms-flex:9;flex:9;text-align:left;padding:21px 37px 10px 0px;font-size:16px;font-weight:700;} @media (min-width:768px){.gvEcCq .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-text{padding:19px 18px 10px 18px;}} @media (min-width:992px){.gvEcCq .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-text{padding:19px 21px 10px 21px;}} .gvEcCq .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-partial-url{-webkit-flex:1;-ms-flex:1;flex:1;background:url('data:image/svg+xml;base64,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') no-repeat 6px;background-position:center;padding:16px 0 16px 0;min-width:62px;max-width:62px;} @media (min-width:768px){.gvEcCq .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-partial-url{padding:16px 0 17px 0;min-width:52px;max-width:52px;}} @media (min-width:992px){.gvEcCq .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-partial-url{padding:15px 0 17px 0;min-width:60px;max-width:60px;}} .gvEcCq .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-partial-url:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;} .gvEcCq .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption-text{font-size:14px;padding:0px 18px 17px 22px;} @media (min-width:768px){.gvEcCq .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption-text{padding:0px 15px 15px 18px;}} @media (min-width:992px){.gvEcCq .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption-text{padding:0px 18px 19px 21px;}} .gvEcCq .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption-text figcaption{margin:0;padding:0;} .gvEcCq .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption-text svg{max-width:100%;} .gvEcCq ol{font-size:16px;padding-left:32px;font-family:STIXGeneral-Regular;line-height:24px;margin:15px 0;} .gvEcCq ol li{margin:10px 0;padding-left:10px;word-break:normal;} .gvEcCq ol li a{word-break:break-all;} .gvEcCq ol li .reflinks{display:block;} .gvEcCq ol li .reflinks a{color:#4D8A17;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:pointer;} .gvEcCq ol li .reflinks a:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;} .gvEcCq ol li .reflinks .sep{color:#000000;} .gvEcCq .table-wrapper{width:auto;overflow-x:auto;} .gvEcCq .table-wrapper::-webkit-scrollbar{-webkit-appearance:none;width:5px;height:5px;} .gvEcCq .table-wrapper::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb{border-radius:5px;background-color:rgba(0,0,0,.5);-webkit-box-shadow:0 0 1px rgba(255,255,255,.5);} @media (min-width:768px){.gvEcCq .table-wrapper{overflow-x:auto;width:auto;-webkit-break-word:word-break;break-word:word-break;margin:0 auto;}} @media (min-width:992px){.gvEcCq .table-wrapper{width:auto;}} @media (min-width:1324px){.gvEcCq .table-wrapper{width:auto;}} @media (min-width:320px){.gvEcCq{margin-bottom:33px;padding:0;}} @media (min-width:992px){.gvEcCq{padding:0;margin-bottom:100px;}} @media (min-width:1325px){.gvEcCq{margin-bottom:100px;}} .gvEcCq .owl-stage{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;} .gvEcCq .floats-partial-middle--thumbs{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;} .gvEcCq .floats-partial-middle--thumbs .partial-carousel-dot svg{fill:#4D8A17;} .gvEcCq .floats-partial-middle--thumbs .partial-carousel-dot strong{color:#4D8A17;font-weight:500;} .gvEcCq .floats-partial-middle--thumbs .partial-carousel-dot.active strong{color:#007B8B;} .gvEcCq .floats-partial-middle--thumbs .partial-carousel-dot.active svg{fill:#007B8B;} .gvEcCq .floats-partial-middle--thumbs .partial-carousel-dot .nowrap{white-space:nowrap;} .gvEcCq .partial-carousel-dot{text-align:center;cursor:pointer;border:0;width:100px;padding-bottom:20px;background-color:#fff;display:table-cell;} .gvEcCq .partial-carousel-dot:focus-visible{outline-offset:-3px;} .gvEcCq .partial-carousel-dot strong{font-size:11px;padding-top:12px;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.gvEcCq .partial-carousel-dot strong{font-size:16px;}} .gvEcCq .partial-carousel-dot img{width:90px;height:90px;border:1px solid #979797;margin:10px 0;} .gvEcCq .partial-carousel-wrapper .floats-partial-middle{border-top:1px solid #e3e3e3;display:block;margin-bottom:50px;padding-top:1px;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.gvEcCq .partial-carousel-wrapper .floats-partial-middle{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;margin-bottom:0;}} .gvEcCq .partial-carousel--single-image{overflow:hidden;text-align:center;} .gvEcCq .partial-carousel--single-image img{width:100%;max-height:239px;height:auto;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.gvEcCq .partial-carousel--single-image img{max-height:357px;}} @media (min-width:991.5px){.gvEcCq .partial-carousel--single-image img{max-height:417px;}} .gvEcCq .partial-carousel--single-image strong{font-size:11px;padding-top:12px;} @media (min-width:767.5px){.gvEcCq .partial-carousel--single-image strong{font-size:16px;}} .gvEcCq .owl-nav,.gvEcCq .owl-dots{display:none;} .gvEcCq .partial-carousel-wrapper .owl-loaded{position:relative;height:auto;max-height:287px;} @media (min-width:767.6px){.gvEcCq .partial-carousel-wrapper .owl-loaded{max-height:414px;}} @media (min-width:767.5px){.gvEcCq .partial-carousel-wrapper .owl-loaded{max-height:477px;}} .gvEcCq .partial-carousel-wrapper .floats-partial-content,.gvEcCq .owl-stage-outer,.gvEcCq .owl-stage{max-height:287px;height:auto;} @media 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<p>在这一页上</gydF4y2Bap>
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<p class="sc-kZmsYB bkiEfx article_type">研究文章|<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->开放获取</gydF4y2Bap>
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体积<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->
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<p>迪尔德丽·c·鲁尼,微分算符肯尼迪,迪尔德丽b·格里森尼古拉斯·j·w·Clipson<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->
<!-- -->”<gydF4y2Baspan class="adjust-article-svg-size">反应的Ammonia-Oxidising细菌社区氮、石灰、在高地草原的土壤和植物物种</gydF4y2Baspan>”,<gydF4y2Ba!-- --><i>应用和环境土壤学</gydF4y2Bai>,<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->
<!-- -->卷。<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->2010年<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->
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<h1 class="sc-iRbamj jZOxOO sc-iSDuPN kEVvRd article_title adjust-article-svg-size heading-title">反应的Ammonia-Oxidising细菌社区氮、石灰、在高地草原的土壤和植物物种</gydF4y2Bah1>
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<span class="">迪尔德丽·c·鲁尼<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<gydF4y2Basup>1<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->2</gydF4y2Basup></span>
<span class=""><b>微分算符肯尼迪</gydF4y2Bab><a class="sc-htpNat bUhGXt link" href="mailto:" aria-label="Mail Option"><span class="sc-htoDjs kNoiZu sc-hjRWVT irNWJI icon-colored _2zt-1j0LmaF8UjTQAM413G icon-themeable" title="" font-size="16"></span></a>,<gydF4y2Basup>1<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->3</gydF4y2Basup></span>
<span class="">迪尔德丽·格里森<gydF4y2Ba!-- -->,<gydF4y2Basup>4</gydF4y2Basup>
<!-- -->和</gydF4y2Baspan>
<span class="">尼古拉斯·j·w·Clipson<gydF4y2Basup>1</gydF4y2Basup></span>
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<p><sup>1</gydF4y2Basup><span>微生物生态学集团、生物学和环境科学学院、都柏林大学,Belfield,都柏林,爱尔兰</gydF4y2Baspan></p>
<p><sup>2</gydF4y2Basup><span>农业部,Askham布莱恩学院Askham布莱恩,纽约23 3 fr,英国</gydF4y2Baspan></p>
<p><sup>3</gydF4y2Basup><span>生态系统科学和管理项目,北英属哥伦比亚大学,3333大学,乔治王子,公元前,加拿大</gydF4y2Baspan></p>
<p><sup>4</gydF4y2Basup><span>土壤生物,地球与环境学院(M087),西澳大利亚大学的35斯特林公路,佤邦6009克劳利,澳大利亚</gydF4y2Baspan></p>
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<b>学术编辑器:</gydF4y2Bab>奥利弗杰出人物</gydF4y2Badiv>
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<span class="articleContent__PublicationValue-sc-2yl9jy-7 khHUcu">2010年1月30日</gydF4y2Baspan>
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<span class="articleContent__PublicationField-sc-2yl9jy-6 cIribm">接受</gydF4y2Baspan>
<span class="articleContent__PublicationValue-sc-2yl9jy-7 khHUcu">2010年6月16日</gydF4y2Baspan>
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<span class="articleContent__PublicationField-sc-2yl9jy-6 cIribm">发表</gydF4y2Baspan>
<span class="articleContent__PublicationValue-sc-2yl9jy-7 khHUcu">2010年7月20日</gydF4y2Baspan>
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<h4 class="header" id="abstract">文摘</gydF4y2Bah4>
<p>半自然的草原农业改进已被证明导致植物和微生物多样性变化,生态系统功能的影响。方法被用来阐明一个缩影农业进步的两个关键组件的影响(加法和石灰氮)ammonia-oxidising细菌(AOB)社区的一个高地草原土壤。植物物种未被利用的特点和改进的牧场(<gydF4y2Bai>答:capillaris</gydF4y2Bai>和<gydF4y2Bai>l为</gydF4y2Bai>)被种植在微观、石灰氮(<gydF4y2Basvg height="14.75" id="M1" style="vertical-align:-3.25793pt;width:57.287498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 57.287498 14.75" width="57.287498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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</svg>),或石灰氮+补充道。AOB社区是异形使用末端限制性片段长度多态性(TRFLP)<gydF4y2Bai>amoA</gydF4y2Bai>基因。AOB群落结构在很大程度上改变了<gydF4y2Basvg height="14.75" id="M2" style="vertical-align:-3.25793pt;width:57.287498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 57.287498 14.75" width="57.287498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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</svg>而不是李明,尽管氮加法和植物之间的相互作用也很明显。结果表明,氮添加驱动的转变关键高地草原土壤中微生物群落的结构,和植物物种可能扮演了一个重要的角色在决定AOB社区结构。</gydF4y2Bap>
<span class="end-abs"></span>
<h4 id="introduction">1。介绍</gydF4y2Bah4>
<p>人为活动对土壤生物多样性的影响是我们理解土壤之间的联系的核心功能多样性、物种多样性和生态系统整体功能。农业进步的自然高地牧场普遍在欧洲西北,增加受精,李明,放牧生产转变酸性高地草原的植物区系组成<gydF4y2Baa href="#B1">1</gydF4y2Baa>,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B2">2</gydF4y2Baa>]。这种强化实践导致逐渐从一种植物物种的转变<gydF4y2Bai>Agrostis capillaris</gydF4y2Bai>种类丰富的草地由牧场<gydF4y2Bai>多年生黑麦草</gydF4y2Bai>(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B3">3</gydF4y2Baa>),并发土壤理化性质的变化(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B1">1</gydF4y2Baa>,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B4">4</gydF4y2Baa>,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B5">5</gydF4y2Baa>),尤其是土壤养分状况。特别是氮池已被证明在不同的改良和改善草原之间的比率,与未被利用的牧场,铵硝酸盐是普遍的在改善牧场(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B5">5</gydF4y2Baa>]。</gydF4y2Bap>
<p>土壤细菌和真菌群落也理解接受的变化应对农业管理(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B4">4</gydF4y2Baa>- - - - - -<gydF4y2Baa href="#B7">7</gydF4y2Baa>),因此很可能特定的官能团,如ammonia-oxidising细菌(AOB),也会受到类似的影响。最初的一步nitrification-the铵转换成亚硝酸盐微生物由氨氧化剂通过氨酶一氧化物酶(AMO)。近年来,开发的<gydF4y2Bai>amoA</gydF4y2Bai>基因的分子标记和社区指纹识别技术的应用程序显示相当大的AOB多样性(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B8">8</gydF4y2Baa>]。</gydF4y2Bap>
<p>虽然以前的研究表明,AOB群落结构可能会影响到土地管理制度(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B9">9</gydF4y2Baa>- - - - - -<gydF4y2Baa href="#B11">11</gydF4y2Baa>)的影响(即单个组件的改进。,fertiliser addition, liming, floristic composition) and their interactions on AOB communities in grasslands are not well defined. This study investigates the responses of AOB to nitrogen and lime additions in upland grassland microcosms. Previous work has indicated that the general rhizosphere bacterial community in acidic grasslands is impacted more by chemical treatments, particularly liming, than by plant species [<a href="#B6">6</gydF4y2Baa>]。我们假定,AOB社区将同样受到植物种类的影响。由于国内在氮循环中的作用至关重要,我们希望比石灰氮操作将有更大的影响力。</gydF4y2Bap>
<h4 id="materials-and-methods">2。材料和方法</gydF4y2Bah4>
<p>土壤收集从一个未被利用的领域<gydF4y2Bai>Nardo-Galion</gydF4y2Bai>草原在Longhill县威克洛郡、爱尔兰和用于微观如前所述[<gydF4y2Baa href="#B6">6</gydF4y2Baa>]。锅里满是80克(干质量)渗大部分土壤,然后用20 - 25种植种子(Emorsgate种子,国王林恩,英国)的选择草原物种(<gydF4y2Bai>Agrostis capillaris</gydF4y2Bai>或<gydF4y2Bai>多年生黑麦草</gydF4y2Bai>),水含量调整到35% (w / w)。一组unplanted锅还包括,微观是收获75天后可见发芽的种子。种植和unplanted锅25天治疗如下:(1)没有治疗(NT);(2)添加石灰相当于5吨公顷<gydF4y2Basup>1</gydF4y2Basup>(左);(3)添加NH<gydF4y2Basub>4</gydF4y2Basub>没有<gydF4y2Basub>3</gydF4y2Basub>相当于150公斤N公顷<gydF4y2Basup>1</gydF4y2Basup>(N);(4)添加石灰和北半球<gydF4y2Basub>4</gydF4y2Basub>没有<gydF4y2Basub>3</gydF4y2Basub>如上(LN)。微观是狼狈地采样75天。植物材料中生根,发芽,干<gydF4y2Basvg height="11.0375" id="M3" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:30.625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 30.625 11.0375" width="30.625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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</svg>7天,并且称重。由于体积小使用的缩影和锅的根密度高,所有土壤被认为是接触植物根和被认为是根际。土壤是渗<gydF4y2Basvg height="8.8500004" id="M4" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt;width:10.825px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 10.825 8.8500004" width="10.825" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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</svg>4毫米和存储<gydF4y2Basvg height="11.0375" id="M5" style="vertical-align:-0.17554pt;width:22.8125px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 22.8125 11.0375" width="22.8125" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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</svg>pH值小于7天,微生物活性和生物量分析,<gydF4y2Basvg height="11.0375" id="M6" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:41.337502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 41.337502 11.0375" width="41.337502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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</svg>分子分析。土壤pH值、氮、磷、钾测定如前所述[<gydF4y2Baa href="#B6">6</gydF4y2Baa>]。总微生物活动是衡量triphenylformazan脱氢酶活性(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B12">12</gydF4y2Baa>),确定了基于修改的方法Thalmann [<gydF4y2Baa href="#B13">13</gydF4y2Baa>]。土壤总DNA提取所描述的布罗迪et al。<gydF4y2Baa href="#B5">5</gydF4y2Baa>]。短暂、土壤(0.5 g)添加到包含玻璃和氧化锆珠管,而CTAB(溴化hexadecyltrimethylammonium)提取缓冲了。孵化后<gydF4y2Basvg height="11.0375" id="M7" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:30.625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 30.625 11.0375" width="30.625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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</svg>10分钟,苯酚:氯仿:isoamylalcohol(25: 24: 1)添加和管被动摇Hybaid Ribolyser 5.5 m / s 30年代。珠击败后,管离心机,水层用氯仿提取两次:isoamlyalcohol (24: 1)。进一步净化过程进行涉及孵化与溶菌酶解决方案(100毫克/毫升)30分钟<gydF4y2Basvg height="11.0375" id="M8" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:30.625px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 30.625 11.0375" width="30.625" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0375)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.17)">
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<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="6.2515001" y="0">
7</gydF4y2Batspan>
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<tspan style="font-size: 8.75px; " x="0" y="0">
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</g>
</g>
</svg>。管又离心机和水层移除进一步纯化使用高纯PCR产品清理工具(罗氏诊断GmbH,潘茨堡,德国)根据制造商的指示。DNA是筛选了在最后一卷50<gydF4y2Basvg height="9.6750002" id="M9" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:9.6374998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.6374998 9.6750002" width="9.6374998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,9.675)">
<g transform="translate(72,-64.26)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.6)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
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</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>l .末端限制性片段长度多态性(TRFLP)进行了使用底漆集<gydF4y2Bai>amo</gydF4y2Bai>1 f和<gydF4y2Bai>amo</gydF4y2Bai>2 r (<gydF4y2Baa href="#B14">14</gydF4y2Baa>,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B15">15</gydF4y2Baa>),向前引物和荧光染料D4贴上标签。在50个PCR反应进行<gydF4y2Basvg height="9.6750002" id="M10" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:9.6374998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.6374998 9.6750002" width="9.6374998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,9.675)">
<g transform="translate(72,-64.26)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.6)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
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</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>L卷使用PCR反应混合液(Promega), 15 pmol每个引物和~ 10 ng中提取DNA,随后使用PCR产物纯化净化设备(罗氏)。大约50 ng的PCR产品是使用限制性内切核酸酶消化<gydF4y2Bai>TaqI</gydF4y2Bai>(内)根据制造商的指示<gydF4y2Baa href="#B15">15</gydF4y2Baa>]。脱盐摘要混合38.75微升之一<gydF4y2Basvg height="9.6750002" id="M11" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:9.6374998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.6374998 9.6750002" width="9.6374998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,9.675)">
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<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.6)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
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</svg>和0.25 L的示例加载解决方案<gydF4y2Basvg height="9.6750002" id="M12" style="vertical-align:-2.29482pt;width:9.6374998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 9.6374998 9.6750002" width="9.6374998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,9.675)">
<g transform="translate(72,-64.26)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,66.6)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
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</text>
</g>
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</svg>贝克曼库尔特大小的标准600。终端限制片段长度电泳测定用贝克曼库尔特测查8000自动测序仪,并分析了使用贝克曼库尔特的片段分析包8.0 v。配置文件为每个样本生成基于峰的相对高度(丰度)。峰值高度为每个终端限制片段(基金会)首先转化为总数的比例为每个复制所有扶轮基金会的峰高。扶轮基金会,不到0.5个基点不同被认为是相同的,只有发生在两个或两个以上的复制碎片被使用(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B16">16</gydF4y2Baa>]。每个片段被认为是一个独特的操作分类单位(OTU)。</gydF4y2Bap>
<p>实验设计包括两个因素:管理类型(4水平,固定)和植物类型(3个层次、固定)和四个复制。数据集土壤化学、生物质生根,发芽,和微生物活动和扶轮基金会的数量是由单向分析析因方差分析(方差分析)使用Genstat v 6(显著性水平:<gydF4y2Basvg height="11.25" id="M13" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt;width:48.337502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 48.337502 11.25" width="48.337502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.25)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
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<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.890113" y="0">
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<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.930502" y="0">
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<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.056252" y="0">
0</gydF4y2Batspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.307751" y="0">
5</gydF4y2Batspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>),后测试正常。进行多元统计分析<gydF4y2Bai>amoA</gydF4y2Bai>TRFLP概要文件与底漆6包(Primer-E有限公司、英国),使用标准化和转换(<gydF4y2Basvg height="14.1" id="M14" style="vertical-align:-2.7337pt;width:73.525002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 73.525002 14.1" width="73.525002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,14.1)">
<g transform="translate(72,-60.72)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
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<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="7.6393328" y="0">
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<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="13.890833" y="0">
g</gydF4y2Batspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="20.142332" y="0">
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<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.305832" y="0">
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<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="36.958866" y="0">
+</gydF4y2Batspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="48.299088" y="0">
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<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="54.550591" y="0">
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</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>)TRFLP概要文件和Bray-Curtis相似性度量。主坐标分析(PCO)作为无约束分类方法来想象多元模式在每个植物治疗。分析相似(ANOSIM)是用于调查的影响治疗和植物物种AOB社区结构。ANOSIM进行Bray-Curtis相似矩阵。比较平均距离内治疗方法被用来计算ANOSIM<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.325" id="M15" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:11.6875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.6875 10.325" width="11.6875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)">
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</svg>统计(<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.325" id="M16" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:11.6875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.6875 10.325" width="11.6875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)">
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<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.6875)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.45)">
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<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.755939" y="0">
1</gydF4y2Batspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>指示的数量是不同的,<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.9125" id="M18" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:38.887501px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 38.887501 10.9125" width="38.887501" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.9125)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.27)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
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<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.715551" y="0">
=</gydF4y2Batspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.755939" y="0">
0</gydF4y2Batspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>表明人口是随机的。置换多元方差分析(PERMANOVA)也进行了调查处理和植物物种对国内企业的影响社区的档案,这个过程可以确定治疗和植物之间的相互作用是重要的。傻笑过程(相似性百分比分析)被用来识别那些扶轮基金会(辣子鸡),每个治疗组(NT, L, N, LN)被聚类分析(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B17">17</gydF4y2Baa>]。</gydF4y2Bap>
<h4 id="results">3所示。结果</gydF4y2Bah4>
<p>用于这些微观的土壤pH值4.0 -4.5开始。结果提出了土壤理化分析表的缩影<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.newsama.com/journals/aess/2010/319721/tab1/" target="_blank">1</gydF4y2Baa>(修改(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B6">6</gydF4y2Baa>])。土壤pH值之间存在着显著的差异(<gydF4y2Basvg height="11.25" id="M19" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt;width:56.150002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 56.150002 11.25" width="56.150002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.25)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
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<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.890113" y="0">
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<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.930502" y="0">
。</gydF4y2Batspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.056252" y="0">
0</gydF4y2Batspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.307751" y="0">
0</gydF4y2Batspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.559254" y="0">
5</gydF4y2Batspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>)与化学治疗,尤其是显著增加土壤pH值后李明(大约值通常存在于半改良草地(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B5">5</gydF4y2Baa>]),减少土壤pH值下N处理(虽然更多的酸性比原来的土壤,这个值仍在正常范围内的改良酸性草地(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B5">5</gydF4y2Baa>])。通常添加氮土壤pH值、减少硝酸转化为铵(硝化)[<gydF4y2Baa href="#B18">18</gydF4y2Baa>]。修正案与石灰+氮提高了pH值几乎相同级别的石灰,仅表明石灰的中和效果超越了氮的酸化效果。植物物种也改变pH值,记录在pH值最低<gydF4y2Bai>答:capillaris</gydF4y2Bai>锅。植物生物量变化与化学治疗,与N导致更高的根生物量在植物疗法,而李明似乎对拍摄生物量最大的影响。植物生物量显著不同(<gydF4y2Basvg height="11.0625" id="M20" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt;width:56.150002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 56.150002 11.0625" width="56.150002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0625)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.15)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
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<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.890113" y="0">
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<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.930502" y="0">
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<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.056252" y="0">
0</gydF4y2Batspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.307751" y="0">
0</gydF4y2Batspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.559254" y="0">
1</gydF4y2Batspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>)根据植物种类,<gydF4y2Bai>l为</gydF4y2Bai>产生显著更大(<gydF4y2Basvg height="11.0625" id="M21" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt;width:56.150002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 56.150002 11.0625" width="56.150002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0625)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.15)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
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<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.890113" y="0">
<</gydF4y2Batspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.930502" y="0">
。</gydF4y2Batspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.056252" y="0">
0</gydF4y2Batspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.307751" y="0">
0</gydF4y2Batspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.559254" y="0">
1</gydF4y2Batspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>)、根和生物质相比,开枪<gydF4y2Bai>答:capillaris</gydF4y2Bai>。N处理下微生物活性显著降低,而石灰应用程序(仅两种石灰,加上石灰与N)似乎对微生物活性有积极的影响。在植物疗法明显降低(<gydF4y2Basvg height="11.0625" id="M22" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt;width:56.150002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 56.150002 11.0625" width="56.150002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0625)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.15)">
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<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.056252" y="0">
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<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.307751" y="0">
0</gydF4y2Batspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.559254" y="0">
1</gydF4y2Batspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>在微生物活动)指出<gydF4y2Bai>答:capillaris</gydF4y2Bai>锅。土壤氮(%),磷和钾值也呈现在表<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.newsama.com/journals/aess/2010/319721/tab1/" target="_blank">1</gydF4y2Baa>。</gydF4y2Bap>
<div class="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="tab1">
<div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-tab1">
<table class="table-group" id="tab1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<table class="table">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="thead-hr" colspan="8">
<hr></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left"></td>
<td align="center" rowspan="2">pH值</gydF4y2Batd>
<td align="center">根生物量</gydF4y2Batd>
<td align="center">拍摄生物量</gydF4y2Batd>
<td align="center">微生物活动</gydF4y2Batd>
<td align="center">氮</gydF4y2Batd>
<td align="center">磷</gydF4y2Batd>
<td align="center">钾</gydF4y2Batd>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left"></td>
<td align="center">(mg工厂)</gydF4y2Batd>
<td align="center">(mg工厂)</gydF4y2Batd>
<td align="center">(毫克锥度英尺克<gydF4y2Basup>1</gydF4y2Basup>土壤)</gydF4y2Batd>
<td align="center">(%)</gydF4y2Batd>
<td align="center">(毫克公斤页<gydF4y2Basup>1</gydF4y2Basup>)</gydF4y2Batd>
<td align="center">(K毫克公斤<gydF4y2Basup>1</gydF4y2Basup>)</gydF4y2Batd>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" colspan="8">
<hr></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">石灰氮/治疗</gydF4y2Batd>
<td align="center"></td>
<td align="center"></td>
<td align="center"></td>
<td align="center"></td>
<td align="center"></td>
<td align="center"></td>
<td align="center"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">没有治疗(植物)</gydF4y2Batd>
<td align="center">4.23 b</gydF4y2Batd>
<td align="center">1.90</gydF4y2Batd>
<td align="center">1.94</gydF4y2Batd>
<td align="center">49.2 b</gydF4y2Batd>
<td align="center">0.62</gydF4y2Batd>
<td align="center">8.54</gydF4y2Batd>
<td align="center">140.7 b</gydF4y2Batd>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">石灰</gydF4y2Batd>
<td align="center">4.92 d</gydF4y2Batd>
<td align="center">1.64</gydF4y2Batd>
<td align="center">3.68摄氏度</gydF4y2Batd>
<td align="center">158.0 d</gydF4y2Batd>
<td align="center">0.55</gydF4y2Batd>
<td align="center">11.88摄氏度</gydF4y2Batd>
<td align="center">156.3 d</gydF4y2Batd>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">NH<gydF4y2Basub>4</gydF4y2Basub>没有<gydF4y2Basub>3</gydF4y2Basub></td>
<td align="center">3.78</gydF4y2Batd>
<td align="center">3.81 d</gydF4y2Batd>
<td align="center">2.83 b</gydF4y2Batd>
<td align="center">8.7</gydF4y2Batd>
<td align="center">0.62</gydF4y2Batd>
<td align="center">9.84 b</gydF4y2Batd>
<td align="center">143.7摄氏度</gydF4y2Batd>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">石灰+ NH<gydF4y2Basub>4</gydF4y2Basub>没有<gydF4y2Basub>3</gydF4y2Basub></td>
<td align="center">4.55摄氏度</gydF4y2Batd>
<td align="center">2.72摄氏度</gydF4y2Batd>
<td align="center">4.66 d</gydF4y2Batd>
<td align="center">109.9摄氏度</gydF4y2Batd>
<td align="center">0.60</gydF4y2Batd>
<td align="center">12.67 d</gydF4y2Batd>
<td align="center">128.2</gydF4y2Batd>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" colspan="8">
<hr></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">SED</gydF4y2Batd>
<td align="center">0.09</gydF4y2Batd>
<td align="center">0.41</gydF4y2Batd>
<td align="center">0.39</gydF4y2Batd>
<td align="center">7.05</gydF4y2Batd>
<td align="center">0.04</gydF4y2Batd>
<td align="center">0.15</gydF4y2Batd>
<td align="center">2.20</gydF4y2Batd>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" colspan="8">
<hr></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">植物物种</gydF4y2Batd>
<td align="center"></td>
<td align="center"></td>
<td align="center"></td>
<td align="center"></td>
<td align="center"></td>
<td align="center"></td>
<td align="center"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">Unplanted土壤</gydF4y2Batd>
<td align="center">4.50 b</gydF4y2Batd>
<td align="center">N /一个</gydF4y2Batd>
<td align="center">N /一个</gydF4y2Batd>
<td align="center">101.9 b</gydF4y2Batd>
<td align="center">0.61 b</gydF4y2Batd>
<td align="center">7.88</gydF4y2Batd>
<td align="center">131.2 b</gydF4y2Batd>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left"><i>答:capillaris</gydF4y2Bai></td>
<td align="center">4.13</gydF4y2Batd>
<td align="center">0.79</gydF4y2Batd>
<td align="center">0.84</gydF4y2Batd>
<td align="center">38.3</gydF4y2Batd>
<td align="center">0.48</gydF4y2Batd>
<td align="center">11.96 b</gydF4y2Batd>
<td align="center">174.2摄氏度</gydF4y2Batd>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left"><i>l为</gydF4y2Bai></td>
<td align="center">4.48 b</gydF4y2Batd>
<td align="center">4.25 b</gydF4y2Batd>
<td align="center">5.73 b</gydF4y2Batd>
<td align="center">104.2 b</gydF4y2Batd>
<td align="center">0.70摄氏度</gydF4y2Batd>
<td align="center">12.36摄氏度</gydF4y2Batd>
<td align="center">121.4</gydF4y2Batd>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" colspan="8">
<hr></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">
<svg height="11.175" id="M27" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 10.9375 11.175" width="10.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.113)">
<path d="M619 482q0 -69 -40.5 -119t-96 -72.5t-118.5 -26.5h-44l-70 20l-31 -151q-14 -67 0.5 -83t89.5 -22l-5 -28h-287l8 28q65 7 81.5 22t29.5 83l79 398q12 56 0.5 70.5t-78.5 20.5l7 28h255q108 0 164 -43t56 -125zM524 478q0 141 -146 141q-25 0 -47 -8q-16 -6 -20.5 -13.5
t-10.5 -39.5l-43 -241q37 -13 83 -13q67 0 125.5 45t58.5 129z" id="x1D443"></path>
</g>
</svg>价值</gydF4y2Batd>
<td align="center">* *</gydF4y2Batd>
<td align="center">* * *</gydF4y2Batd>
<td align="center">* * *</gydF4y2Batd>
<td align="center">* * *</gydF4y2Batd>
<td align="center">* * *</gydF4y2Batd>
<td align="center">* * *</gydF4y2Batd>
<td align="center">* * *</gydF4y2Batd>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">SED</gydF4y2Batd>
<td align="center">0.09</gydF4y2Batd>
<td align="center">0.49</gydF4y2Batd>
<td align="center">0.48</gydF4y2Batd>
<td align="center">11.47</gydF4y2Batd>
<td align="center">0.04</gydF4y2Batd>
<td align="center">0.13</gydF4y2Batd>
<td align="center">2.85</gydF4y2Batd>
</tr>
<tr class="table-tr">
<td colspan="8">
<hr class="tbody-hr"></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div class="floats-partial-footer">
<div class="floats-partial-caption">
<span class="caption-text">表1</gydF4y2Baspan>
<a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/aess/2010/319721/tab1/" title="" target="_blank"></a>
</div>
<div class="floats-partial-caption-text">
土壤、植物和微生物对草原微观特征。石灰氮/治疗,<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.8125" id="M23" style="vertical-align:-0.10033pt;width:42.912498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 42.912498 10.8125" width="42.912498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.8125)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.35)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</gydF4y2Batspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.6773224" y="0">
=</gydF4y2Batspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.71771" y="0">
1</gydF4y2Batspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.969212" y="0">
2</gydF4y2Batspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>;植物治疗,<gydF4y2Basvg height="11.0375" id="M24" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:42.912498px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 42.912498 11.0375" width="42.912498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0375)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.17)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.4)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</gydF4y2Batspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="9.6773224" y="0">
=</gydF4y2Batspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="21.71771" y="0">
1</gydF4y2Batspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="27.969212" y="0">
6</gydF4y2Batspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>。不同字母表示显著不同的值。SED,标准误差的区别。重要性级别:* *<gydF4y2Basvg height="11.0625" id="M25" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt;width:48.337502px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 48.337502 11.0625" width="48.337502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0625)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.15)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</gydF4y2Batspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.890113" y="0">
<</gydF4y2Batspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.930502" y="0">
。</gydF4y2Batspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.056252" y="0">
0</gydF4y2Batspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.307751" y="0">
1</gydF4y2Batspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>;* * *<gydF4y2Basvg height="11.0625" id="M26" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt;width:56.150002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 56.150002 11.0625" width="56.150002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0625)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.15)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</gydF4y2Batspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.890113" y="0">
<</gydF4y2Batspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.930502" y="0">
。</gydF4y2Batspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.056252" y="0">
0</gydF4y2Batspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.307751" y="0">
0</gydF4y2Batspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.559254" y="0">
1</gydF4y2Batspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>。这个表的部分已经被肯尼迪之前在工作et al。<gydF4y2Baa href="#B6">6</gydF4y2Baa>]。</gydF4y2Badiv>
</div>
</div>
<p>ANOSIM<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.325" id="M28" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:11.6875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.6875 10.325" width="11.6875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.74)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</gydF4y2Batspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>统计数据表<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.newsama.com/journals/aess/2010/319721/tab2/" target="_blank">2</gydF4y2Baa>。国内企业群落结构化学治疗(全球影响<gydF4y2Basvg height="11.0375" id="M29" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:66.237503px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 66.237503 11.0375" width="66.237503" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0375)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.17)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.4)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</gydF4y2Batspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.715551" y="0">
=</gydF4y2Batspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.755939" y="0">
0</gydF4y2Batspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.007441" y="0">
。</gydF4y2Batspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.13319" y="0">
6</gydF4y2Batspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.384689" y="0">
8</gydF4y2Batspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="46.636189" y="0">
4</gydF4y2Batspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>)和植物(全球<gydF4y2Basvg height="11.1" id="M30" style="vertical-align:-0.17555pt;width:66.237503px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 66.237503 11.1" width="66.237503" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.1)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.12)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</gydF4y2Batspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="12.715551" y="0">
=</gydF4y2Batspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="24.755939" y="0">
0</gydF4y2Batspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="31.007441" y="0">
。</gydF4y2Batspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="34.13319" y="0">
5</gydF4y2Batspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="40.384689" y="0">
8</gydF4y2Batspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="46.636189" y="0">
4</gydF4y2Batspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>),在显著性水平<gydF4y2Basvg height="11.25" id="M31" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt;width:56.150002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 56.150002 11.25" width="56.150002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.25)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.35)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</gydF4y2Batspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.890113" y="0">
<</gydF4y2Batspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.930502" y="0">
。</gydF4y2Batspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.056252" y="0">
0</gydF4y2Batspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.307751" y="0">
0</gydF4y2Batspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.559254" y="0">
5</gydF4y2Batspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>。更大的<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.325" id="M32" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:11.6875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.6875 10.325" width="11.6875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.74)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.79)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</gydF4y2Batspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>化学处理的值表明,治疗对国内企业的影响更大比植物群落结构类型。PERMANOVA AOB社区结构两两比较显示显著的影响(<gydF4y2Basvg height="11.0625" id="M33" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt;width:56.150002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 56.150002 11.0625" width="56.150002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.0625)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63.15)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,63.5)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
</gydF4y2Batspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="10.890113" y="0">
<</gydF4y2Batspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="22.930502" y="0">
。</gydF4y2Batspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="26.056252" y="0">
0</gydF4y2Batspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="32.307751" y="0">
0</gydF4y2Batspan>
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="38.559254" y="0">
1</gydF4y2Batspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>)的所有管理治疗(L, N, LN),植物物种,AOB群落结构及其相互作用。为了阐明AOB群落结构的主要因素,PCO的主教任命(图<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.newsama.com/journals/aess/2010/319721/fig1/" target="_blank">1</gydF4y2Baa>)派生和显示分离样品根据化学处理。unplanted和种植的土壤,NT的一般组成和L治疗,建议高相似性在TRFLP概要文件在NT和L治疗。图<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.newsama.com/journals/aess/2010/319721/fig1/" target="_blank">1(一)</gydF4y2Baa>表明unplanted土壤,增加N选择明显不同的AOB社区NT和L治疗相比,虽然LN交互也导致发散AOB社区,表明N和L的一个重要综合效应在这些微观。图<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.newsama.com/journals/aess/2010/319721/fig1/" target="_blank">1 (b)</gydF4y2Baa>显示,在<gydF4y2Bai>答:capillaris</gydF4y2Bai>种植的土壤,虽然NT和L治疗被组合在一起,大大分开N和LN, N和LN没有明确的区别,就像unplanted锅。图<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.newsama.com/journals/aess/2010/319721/fig1/" target="_blank">1 (c)</gydF4y2Baa><i>(l为</gydF4y2Bai>unplanted)遵循了类似的模式,N和LN互相分离PCO祝圣礼。</gydF4y2Bap>
<div class="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="tab2">
<div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-tab2">
<table class="table-group" id="tab2">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<table class="table">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="thead-hr" colspan="2">
<hr></td>
</tr>
<tr class="thead">
<td align="left">治疗/植物组</gydF4y2Batd>
<td align="center">
<svg height="11.3125" id="M36" style="vertical-align:-0.1092pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.075 11.3125" width="11.075" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.113)">
<path d="M627 18l-10 -26q-79 6 -116 27t-69 76q-41 71 -71 138q-13 29 -27.5 39t-42.5 10h-46l-27 -145q-13 -74 -2.5 -88.5t78.5 -20.5l-6 -28h-271l5 28q66 6 82.5 21.5t30.5 87.5l71 387q12 66 2 78.5t-77 19.5l8 28h233q102 0 147 -29q65 -43 65 -129q0 -69 -45.5 -117
t-115.5 -72q40 -86 66 -133q39 -68 65 -101q28 -37 73 -51zM491 483q0 67 -33.5 101t-91.5 34q-35 0 -51 -10q-13 -8 -20 -48l-45 -245h49q71 0 113 28q79 52 79 140z" id="x1D445"></path>
</g>
</svg>统计</gydF4y2Batd>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="thead-hr" colspan="2">
<hr></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">NT、石灰</gydF4y2Batd>
<td align="center">0.382</gydF4y2Batd>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">NT、氮</gydF4y2Batd>
<td align="center">0.819</gydF4y2Batd>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">NT、石灰+氮</gydF4y2Batd>
<td align="center">0.708</gydF4y2Batd>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">石灰、氮</gydF4y2Batd>
<td align="center">1</gydF4y2Batd>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">石灰、石灰+氮</gydF4y2Batd>
<td align="center">0.852</gydF4y2Batd>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">氮、石灰+氮</gydF4y2Batd>
<td align="center">0.535</gydF4y2Batd>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" colspan="2">
<hr></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">Unplanted,<gydF4y2Bai>答:capillaris</gydF4y2Bai></td>
<td align="center">0.568</gydF4y2Batd>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">Unplanted,<gydF4y2Bai>l为</gydF4y2Bai></td>
<td align="center">0.477</gydF4y2Batd>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left"><i>a . capillaris l .为</gydF4y2Bai></td>
<td align="center">0.755</gydF4y2Batd>
</tr>
<tr class="table-tr">
<td colspan="2">
<hr class="tbody-hr"></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div class="floats-partial-footer">
<div class="floats-partial-caption">
<span class="caption-text">表2</gydF4y2Baspan>
<a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/aess/2010/319721/tab2/" title="" target="_blank"></a>
</div>
<div class="floats-partial-caption-text">
ANOSIM<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.325" id="M34" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:11.6875px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 11.6875 10.325" width="11.6875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,10.325)">
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</svg>统计数据两两比较的化学治疗(石灰、氮、石灰+氮)和植物(unplanted,<gydF4y2Bai>a . capillaris l .为</gydF4y2Bai>)ammonia-oxidising细菌社区。元,没有治疗。所有的比较都显著(<gydF4y2Basvg height="11.25" id="M35" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt;width:56.150002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 56.150002 11.25" width="56.150002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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<strong>(一)</gydF4y2Bastrong>
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<span class="caption-text">图1</gydF4y2Baspan>
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<i>答:capillaris</gydF4y2Bai>
<i>l为。</gydF4y2Bai>
<table>
主坐标分析(PCO)块ammonia-oxidising细菌社区档案检查管理的影响在每个植物治疗。(a) unplanted土壤,(b),(c)gggydF4y2BaydF4y2BaydF4y2Ba关键:封闭的三角形,没有治疗;倒三角形,石灰处理;广场,氮化处理;和钻石,石灰+氮化处理。</gydF4y2Batable>
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<p>图<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.newsama.com/journals/aess/2010/319721/fig2/" target="_blank">2</gydF4y2Baa>表示广泛treatment-driven AOB群落结构的变化,从占主导地位的相对丰度决定AOB辣子鸡使用傻笑的过程。中含量最丰富的辣子鸡氮处理微观与NT和L锅明显不同,显示明显的选择取决于不同的AOB物种管理因素。有趣的是,这四个辣子鸡出现在N治疗(图<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.newsama.com/journals/aess/2010/319721/fig2/" target="_blank">2</gydF4y2Baa>)也出现在LN治疗,表明N决定AOB群落结构非常有影响力。另一方面,NT和L治疗更类似AOB物种组成。这些数据表明,N是主要在推动国内企业群落结构。表<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.newsama.com/journals/aess/2010/319721/tab3/" target="_blank">3</gydF4y2Baa>给扶轮基金会的数量在每个治疗。在NT下,有轻微但在扶轮基金会发现数量显著下降。数量没有明显差异的扶轮基金会之间的植物疗法治疗L罐子,而L, N,治疗LN透露了一些显著差异在扶轮基金会的数字。最明显的区别在扶轮基金会在N治疗和治疗LN,扶轮基金会的数量显著减少<gydF4y2Bai>答:capillaris</gydF4y2Bai>和<gydF4y2Bai>l为</gydF4y2Bai>罐子,分别被发现。</gydF4y2Bap>
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<td align="center">没有治疗</gydF4y2Batd>
<td align="center">石灰</gydF4y2Batd>
<td align="center">氮</gydF4y2Batd>
<td align="center">石灰氮+</gydF4y2Batd>
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<td align="left">Unplanted</gydF4y2Batd>
<td align="center">30</gydF4y2Batd>
<td align="center">42个</gydF4y2Batd>
<td align="center">65年,一个</gydF4y2Batd>
<td align="center">57一</gydF4y2Batd>
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<td align="left"><i>答:capillaris</gydF4y2Bai></td>
<td align="center">30</gydF4y2Batd>
<td align="center">49个</gydF4y2Batd>
<td align="center">3 c</gydF4y2Batd>
<td align="center">49个</gydF4y2Batd>
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<td align="left"><i>l为</gydF4y2Bai></td>
<td align="center">20 b</gydF4y2Batd>
<td align="center">49个</gydF4y2Batd>
<td align="center">10 b</gydF4y2Batd>
<td align="center">29个b</gydF4y2Batd>
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<span class="caption-text">表3</gydF4y2Baspan>
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数量的氨氧化剂扶轮基金会(<gydF4y2Bai>amo</gydF4y2Bai>检测到)在每个治疗和植物物种。在治疗,不同字母表示差异显著<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.8125" id="M37" style="vertical-align:-0.10033pt;width:35.099998px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 35.099998 10.8125" width="35.099998" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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<span class="caption-text">图2</gydF4y2Baspan>
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相对丰富的个人比例ammonia-oxidising细菌辣子鸡发生在治疗中的十大最丰富的辣子鸡。排名前10名最丰富的辣子鸡确定基于辣子鸡的相对丰度在每个治疗。没有治疗(NT)、石灰(L)、氮(N)和石灰+氮(LN)治疗。丰度说明根据关键底部,与相应的扶轮基金会长度(bp)与上市。</gydF4y2Batable>
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<h4 id="discussion">4所示。讨论</gydF4y2Bah4>
<p>本研究的主要发现是,氮除了高地草原土壤AOB群落结构影响显著,这反应也依赖于植物物种。之前的研究已经证实,氮操作会导致AOB群落结构的变化(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B19">19</gydF4y2Baa>,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B20">20.</gydF4y2Baa>),但不同植物物种AOB的同时影响群落结构没有明显的特征。这项研究的结果提供证据在草原上选择不同的植物区系和化学交互AOB人群。土壤中的关键功能社区的能力来应对环境影响表明,整体功能,在这种情况下硝化作用可能会持续在一个广泛的生态条件。</gydF4y2Bap>
<p>植物生长反应的氮和酸橙治疗在这项研究中,<gydF4y2Bai>l为</gydF4y2Bai>占大多数的方差在生物量测量[里生根发芽<gydF4y2Baa href="#B6">6</gydF4y2Baa>,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B7">7</gydF4y2Baa>),可能由于生长形态和根根本差异两个关键的植物物种之间的架构。<gydF4y2Bai>l为</gydF4y2Bai>积极响应N输入土壤和根系的建议<gydF4y2Bai>l为</gydF4y2Bai>可能有竞争力的优势比其他植物物种当存在高浓度的土壤N (<gydF4y2Baa href="#B21">21</gydF4y2Baa>]。此外,高投入的肥料N必须保持改善草场的植物区系特点,在其中<gydF4y2Bai>l为</gydF4y2Bai>占主导地位。的基本形态和生理机能的差异这两个关键的植物物种和石灰氮处理,并发的变化可能导致根际微生物生态学,包括国内的人口。</gydF4y2Bap>
<p>李明的草地农业期间定期进行改进,因此,国内企业群落结构也可能受到lime-induced pH值变化与改进并发。略高于土壤pH值由李明可能支持某些微生物的过程,因此,鼓励更大的土壤微生物活性。图<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.newsama.com/journals/aess/2010/319721/fig1/" target="_blank">1</gydF4y2Baa>表明的存在<gydF4y2Bai>答:capillaris</gydF4y2Bai>阻止治疗LN大幅改变AOB群落结构在这些微观,相比unplanted控制。此外,国内企业数量在N和LN治疗<gydF4y2Bai>答:capillaris</gydF4y2Bai>任命情节透露类似AOB社区组成。有趣的是,在unplanted和<gydF4y2Bai>l为</gydF4y2Bai>锅,AOB人口N和治疗LN明显不同,表明微分选择AOB数量取决于环境因素进行交互。几项研究已经表明,选择酸性/碱性宽容AOB物种可能发生在自然环境中应对土壤pH值的变化状态(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B22">22</gydF4y2Baa>- - - - - -<gydF4y2Baa href="#B24">24</gydF4y2Baa>]。作为<gydF4y2Bai>答:capillaris</gydF4y2Bai>众所周知,对其根际酸化效应(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B25">25</gydF4y2Baa>),这种现象也许可以防止石灰影响土壤pH值<gydF4y2Bai>答:capillaris</gydF4y2Bai>锅unplanted相比<gydF4y2Bai>l为</gydF4y2Bai>锅(表<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.newsama.com/journals/aess/2010/319721/tab1/" target="_blank">1</gydF4y2Baa>)。本文提供的结果建议李明和氮应用酸性草地可能改变居民AOB人口的结构,选择那些更适合当时的环境条件,如N的变化可用性(受精/受精)或pH值的变化,由于石灰或通过添加NH<gydF4y2Basub>4</gydF4y2Basub>没有<gydF4y2Basub>3</gydF4y2Basub>,土壤酸化。在未被利用的酸性草原,哪里有更高的植物区系和化学多样性(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B11">11</gydF4y2Baa>)、土壤异质性可能导致更大的草原AOB的多样性。AOB多样性低已被证明是在改善草原<gydF4y2Baa href="#B11">11</gydF4y2Baa>,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B26">26</gydF4y2Baa>),而未被利用的土壤AOB多样性很可能反映出自然的物理和化学异质性,强调土壤理化参数的重要性的确定微生物群落结构和功能。</gydF4y2Bap>
<p>unplanted和种植<gydF4y2Bai>A.capillaris</gydF4y2Bai>和<gydF4y2Bai>l为</gydF4y2Bai>)土壤,有很高的相似性TRFLP概要文件在NT和L治疗(图<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.newsama.com/journals/aess/2010/319721/fig1/" target="_blank">1</gydF4y2Baa>),这表明石灰应用程序本身没有明显改变这些微观的AOB群落结构。相反,N作为主导因素提出了治理AOB群落结构在这项研究中,支持先前的研究[<gydF4y2Baa href="#B19">19</gydF4y2Baa>,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B20">20.</gydF4y2Baa>,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B27">27</gydF4y2Baa>- - - - - -<gydF4y2Baa href="#B29">29日</gydF4y2Baa>]。Mendum和赫希<gydF4y2Baa href="#B19">19</gydF4y2Baa>)进一步建议NH<gydF4y2Basub>4</gydF4y2Basub>没有<gydF4y2Basub>3</gydF4y2Basub>应用程序是专门为特定的需要<gydF4y2Bai>Nitrosospira</gydF4y2Bai>集群成为占主导地位的国内人口,或许表明substrate-driven选择AOB的人口,而Cavagnaro et al。<gydF4y2Baa href="#B29">29日</gydF4y2Baa>)表明,农业土壤AOB是由<gydF4y2Basvg height="16.262501" id="M38" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:36.900002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 36.900002 16.262501" width="36.900002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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</svg>快速可用性,选择氨氧化剂氧化<gydF4y2Basvg height="16.262501" id="M39" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:36.900002px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 36.900002 16.262501" width="36.900002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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</svg>。此外,在我们的研究中,在北半球<gydF4y2Basub>4</gydF4y2Basub>没有<gydF4y2Basub>3</gydF4y2Basub>或者可以诱导AOB人口应对pH值的变化,国内企业群体选择,适应更多的酸性环境下,所带来的NH吗<gydF4y2Basub>4</gydF4y2Basub>没有<gydF4y2Basub>3</gydF4y2Basub>受精。这是进一步支持的图<gydF4y2Baa href="//www.newsama.com/journals/aess/2010/319721/fig2/" target="_blank">2</gydF4y2Baa>显示,AOB人口结构在不同治疗之间的显著区别。许多最近的研究在国内社区还发现,国内企业在陆地环境中更可能是由<gydF4y2Bai>Nitrosospira</gydF4y2Bai>物种(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B30">30.</gydF4y2Baa>,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B31">31日</gydF4y2Baa>),而不是<gydF4y2Bai>亚硝化单胞菌。</gydF4y2Bai>广泛的系统发育分析<gydF4y2Basvg height="10.9375" id="M40" style="vertical-align:-0.11284pt;width:7.9375px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 7.9375 10.9375" width="7.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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</g>
</g>
</svg>变形菌门AOB从陆地环境的存在揭示了一个数量的集群内AOB社区,包括<gydF4y2Bai>亚硝化单胞菌</gydF4y2Bai>和<gydF4y2Bai>Nitrosospira</gydF4y2Bai>属(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B22">22</gydF4y2Baa>,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B32">32</gydF4y2Baa>,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B33">33</gydF4y2Baa>]。是可能的,这些系统集群AOB种群生理差异的结果,可能让某些人群成为占主导地位的不同环境条件下(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B20">20.</gydF4y2Baa>),但问题培养AOB肯定很难证明这一点。</gydF4y2Bap>
<p>虽然只有两个植物物种进行调查在这项研究中,自然酸性草地保持较高的植物物种多样性,呈现一个高度复杂的系统,很难概括植物物种的影响。此外,Crenarchaea最近被发现是重要的贡献者在陆地系统中氨氧化(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B33">33</gydF4y2Baa>]。尽管crenarchaeal氨氧化不作为该研究的一部分,研究国内企业很可能只是部分负责调节草原土壤中氨氧化,所以谨慎必须被表达在评估发现的重要性,比如那些在这项研究中提出的。然而,国内社区动态整体土壤中氨氧化的不可或缺的组成部分。</gydF4y2Bap>
<h4 id="conclusion">5。结论</gydF4y2Bah4>
<p>总之,本研究表明,氮状态和植物类型,再加上他们交互,扮演主要角色在高地AOB群落结构的确定酸性牧场。尽管此前已提出了有价值的数据反应的土壤AOB社区土壤N的变化状态(例如,(<gydF4y2Baa href="#B11">11</gydF4y2Baa>,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B28">28</gydF4y2Baa>,<gydF4y2Baa href="#B34">34</gydF4y2Baa>- - - - - -<gydF4y2Baa href="#B36">36</gydF4y2Baa>]),经常研究不考虑植物种类的联合效应类型农业进步的一个重要组成部分。本文提供的数据表明,个体植物物种可能影响AOB社区不同肥料处理,增加草地微生物生态学的复杂性。未来的工作应该链接ammonia-oxidiser社区动态与土壤特性和功能流程,包括那些由植物,以获得更全面的了解的因素调节氨氧化剂结构和农业系统的硝化动力学。</gydF4y2Bap>
<h4 id="acknowledgments">确认</gydF4y2Bah4>
<p>这项研究是由美国环境保护署在ERTDI奖学金方案(2003)。作者感谢玛丽墨菲和玛丽亚本森的技术援助。</gydF4y2Bap>
</div>
<div class="xml-content">
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<li id="B23">g . a . Kowalchuk j . r . Stephen w . de Boer j·普罗塞,t . m . Embley和j·w·Woldendorp”ammonia-oxidizing细菌的分析<gydF4y2Bai>β</gydF4y2Bai>细分沿海沙丘类变形菌门的变性梯度凝胶电泳扩增16 s核糖体DNA片段菌进行基因测序,”<gydF4y2Bai>应用与环境微生物学</gydF4y2Bai>,卷63,不。4、1489 - 1497年,1997页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Analysis%20of%20ammonia-oxidizing%20bacteria%20of%20the%20ß%20subdivision%20of%20the%20class%20proteobacteria%20in%20coastal%20sand%20dunes%20by%20denaturing%20gradient%20gel%20electrophoresis%20and%20sequencing%20of%20PCR-amplified%2016S%20ribosomal%20DNA%20fragments&author=G. A. Kowalchuk&author=J. R. Stephen&author=W. de Boer&author=J. I. Prosser&author=T. M. Embley&author=&author=J. W. Woldendorp&publication_year=1997" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li>
<li id="B24">j·m·里根、g·w·哈林顿和d·r·格拉“氨,nitrite-oxidizing细菌社区在半工业规模chloraminated饮用水配送系统,”<gydF4y2Bai>应用与环境微生物学</gydF4y2Bai>,卷68,不。1,第81 - 73页,2002。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.68.1.73-81.2002">出版商的网站</gydF4y2Baa><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Ammonia-%20and%20nitrite-oxidizing%20bacterial%20communities%20in%20a%20pilot-scale%20chloraminated%20drinking%20water%20distribution%20system&author=J. M. Regan&author=G. W. Harrington&author=&author=D. R. Noguera&publication_year=2002" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li>
<li id="B25">j.p.尘垢,”生态系统植物多样性的好处:直接、过滤和创始人的影响,“<gydF4y2Bai>《生态学杂志》</gydF4y2Bai>,卷86,不。6,902 - 910年,1998页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2745.1998.00306.x">出版商的网站</gydF4y2Baa><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Benefits%20of%20plant%20diversity%20to%20ecosystems:%20immediate,%20filter%20and%20founder%20effects&author=J. P. Grime&publication_year=1998" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li>
<li id="B26">m·a·布鲁斯·j·r·斯蒂芬·g·a·Kowalchuk j . i .普罗塞和e·a·保罗,”比较氨氧化剂16 s rRNA基因序列的多样性在本地,耕种,和连续性的土壤,“<gydF4y2Bai>应用与环境微生物学</gydF4y2Bai>,卷65,不。7,2994 - 3000年,1999页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Comparative%20diversity%20of%20ammonia%20oxidizer%2016S%20rRNA%20gene%20sequences%20in%20native,%20tilled,%20and%20successional%20soils&author=M. A. Bruns&author=J. R. Stephen&author=G. A. Kowalchuk&author=J. I. Prosser&author=&author=E. A. Paul&publication_year=1999" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li>
<li id="B27">g . A . Kowalchuk A . w . Stienstra g . h . j . Heilig j·r·斯蒂芬和j·w·Woldendorp”分子分析ammonia-oxidising连续性草地的土壤中细菌Drentsche(荷兰),“<gydF4y2Bai>《微生物生态学</gydF4y2Bai>没有,卷。31日。3、207 - 215年,2000页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-6496(99)00099-9">出版商的网站</gydF4y2Baa><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Molecular%20analysis%20of%20ammonia-oxidising%20bacteria%20in%20soil%20of%20successional%20grasslands%20of%20the%20Drentsche%20A%20(The%20Netherlands)&author=G. A. Kowalchuk&author=A. W. Stienstra&author=G. H. J. Heilig&author=J. R. Stephen&author=&author=J. W. Woldendorp&publication_year=2000" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li>
<li id="B28">s . Avrahami w . Liesack, r·康拉德“温度和肥料对活性和群落结构的影响土壤氨氧化剂,”<gydF4y2Bai>环境微生物学</gydF4y2Bai>,5卷,不。8,691 - 705年,2003页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1462-2920.2003.00457.x">出版商的网站</gydF4y2Baa><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Effects%20of%20temperature%20and%20fertilizer%20on%20activity%20and%20community%20structure%20of%20soil%20ammonia%20oxidizers&author=S. Avrahami&author=W. Liesack&author=&author=R. Conrad&publication_year=2003" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li>
<li id="B29">t·r·Cavagnaro l·e·杰克逊,k . Hristova和k . m .仿制品,“短期农业土壤中氨氧化细菌的种群动态,“<gydF4y2Bai>应用土壤生态学</gydF4y2Bai>,40卷,不。1,十三至十八页,2008。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2008.02.006">出版商的网站</gydF4y2Baa><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Short-term%20population%20dynamics%20of%20ammonia%20oxidizing%20bacteria%20in%20an%20agricultural%20soil&author=T. R. Cavagnaro&author=L. E. Jackson&author=K. Hristova&author=&author=K. M. Scow&publication_year=2008" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li>
<li id="B30">j . k .后方,a . Hermansson c . c . Tebbe和体育课程。林格伦,”李明诱发ammonia-oxidising不同菌群的细菌生长在酸性云杉林土壤由SSCP和DGGE”<gydF4y2Bai>土壤生物学和生物化学</gydF4y2Bai>,35卷,不。10日,1337 - 1347年,2003页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0038-0717(03)00213-X">出版商的网站</gydF4y2Baa><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Liming%20induces%20growth%20of%20a%20diverse%20flora%20of%20ammonia-oxidising%20bacteria%20in%20acid%20spruce%20forest%20soil%20as%20determined%20by%20SSCP%20and%20DGGE&author=J. S. K. Bäckman&author=A. Hermansson&author=C. C. Tebbe&author=&author=P.-E. Lindgren&publication_year=2003" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li>
<li id="B31">马哈茂德和j·普罗塞,“合成的影响绵羊尿在草原土壤氨氧化细菌群落,”<gydF4y2Bai>《微生物生态学</gydF4y2Bai>卷,56号3、444 - 454年,2006页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2006.00070.x">出版商的网站</gydF4y2Baa><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=The%20influence%20of%20synthetic%20sheep%20urine%20on%20ammonia%20oxidizing%20bacterial%20communities%20in%20grassland%20soil&author=S. Mahmood &author=J. I. Prosser&publication_year=2006" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li>
<li id="B32">j·r·斯蒂芬·g·a . Kowalchuk M.-A。诉布鲁斯et al .,”分析<gydF4y2Bai>β</gydF4y2Bai>子群proteobacterial土壤中氨氧化剂的数量通过变性梯度凝胶电泳分析和分级系统调查,“<gydF4y2Bai>应用与环境微生物学</gydF4y2Bai>,卷64,不。8,2958 - 2965年,1998页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Analysis%20of%20ß-subgroup%20proteobacterial%20ammonia%20oxidizer%20populations%20in%20soil%20by%20denaturing%20gradient%20gel%20electrophoresis%20analysis%20and%20hierarchical%20phylogenetic%20probing&author=J. R. Stephen&author=G. A. Kowalchuk&author=M.-A. V. Bruns et al.&publication_year=1998" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li>
<li id="B33">赖宁格s、t . Urich m . Schloter et al .,“古生菌占主导地位在土壤ammonia-oxidizing原核生物中,“<gydF4y2Bai>自然</gydF4y2Bai>,卷442,不。7104年,第809 - 806页,2006年。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04983">出版商的网站</gydF4y2Baa><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Archaea%20predominate%20among%20ammonia-oxidizing%20prokaryotes%20in%20soils&author=S. Leininger&author=T. Urich&author=M. Schloter et al.&publication_year=2006" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li>
<li id="B34">美国Avrahami和b . j . m . Bohannan。”<gydF4y2Bamath id="M41" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
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</math>发射率在加州草甸土影响肥料水平,土壤湿度和ammonia-oxidizing细菌的群落结构,”<gydF4y2Bai>全球变化生物学</gydF4y2Bai>,15卷,不。3、643 - 655年,2009页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01727.x">出版商的网站</gydF4y2Baa><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=N2O%20emission%20rates%20in%20a%20California%20meadow%20soil%20are%20influenced%20by%20fertilizer%20level,%20soil%20moisture%20and%20the%20community%20structure%20of%20ammonia-oxidizing%20bacteria&author=S. Avrahami &author=B. J. M. Bohannan&publication_year=2009" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li>
<li id="B35">j·j·l·Cantera f·l·约旦和l . y . Stein”ammonia-oxidizing灌溉来源的细菌群落的影响在一个管理turf-covered旱成土,“<gydF4y2Bai>生物和土壤的肥力</gydF4y2Bai>,43卷,不。2、247 - 255年,2006页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-006-0101-x">出版商的网站</gydF4y2Baa><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Effects%20of%20irrigation%20sources%20on%20ammonia-oxidizing%20bacterial%20communities%20in%20a%20managed%20turf-covered%20aridisol&author=J. J. L. Cantera&author=F. L. Jordan&author=&author=L. Y. Stein&publication_year=2006" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li>
<li id="B36">i Sundh, A . k . Nyberg她。贾维斯,s . Hallin“Ammonia-oxidizing社区农业土壤和有机废物残留孵化,”<gydF4y2Bai>生物和土壤的肥力</gydF4y2Bai>,42卷,不。4、315 - 323年,2006页。<gydF4y2Baspan class="reflinks">视图:<gydF4y2Baa href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-005-0029-6">出版商的网站</gydF4y2Baa><span class="sep">|</gydF4y2Baspan><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Ammonia-oxidizing%20communities%20in%20agricultural%20soil%20incubated%20with%20organic%20waste%20residues&author=K. Nyberg&author=A. Schnürer&author=I. Sundh&author=Å. Jarvis&author=&author=S. Hallin&publication_year=2006" target="_blank">谷歌学术搜索</gydF4y2Baa></span></li>
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XML</gydF4y2Badiv><img alt="" class="sc-EHOje jOLhQl sc-bfYoXt cGuwDn" title="" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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" height="24"></a>
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