TY - JOUR A2 - Garzelli,卡罗AU - 马克思,格雷斯E. AU - 成龙,爱德华D. PY - 2011 DA - 2011/12/21 TI - 结核性脑膜炎的诊断与治疗概述SP - 798764 VL - 2011 AB - 结核脑膜炎(TBM)是最常见的中枢神经系统结核(TB),发病率和死亡率非常高。TBM通常是亚急性疾病,诊断前几周可能持续存在症状。TBM的特征性脑脊髓液(CSF)结果包括淋巴细胞 - 主要的肺刺症,升高的蛋白质和低葡萄糖。CSF酸 - 快涂片和培养具有相对较低的敏感性,但随着多种大体积样品而增加产量。通过PCR核酸扩增CSF是高度特异性的,但次优敏感性排除了用阴性试验排除TBM。一旦初始CSF研究支持临床怀疑,应立即启动TBM治疗。经验处理应包括至少四种一线药物,优选异噻唑,利福平,吡嗪酰胺和链霉素或乙胺醇;氟喹诺酮酮的作用仍有待确定。已显示用皮质类固醇的辅助治疗提高TBM的死亡率。 In HIV-positive individuals with TBM, important treatment considerations include drug interactions, development of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome, unclear benefit of adjunctive corticosteroids, and higher rates of drug-resistant TB. Testing the efficacy of second-line and new anti-TB drugs in animal models of experimental TBM is needed to help determine the optimal regimen for drug-resistant TB. SN - 2090-150X UR - https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/798764 DO - 10.1155/2011/798764 JF - Tuberculosis Research and Treatment PB - Hindawi Publishing Corporation KW - ER -