TY - JOUR A2 - Aasly, Jan O. AU - Polito, Letizia AU - Greco, Antonio AU - Seripa, Davide PY - 2016 DA - 2016/01/31 TI - Genetic Profile, Environmental Exposure, and Their Interaction in Parkinson’s Disease SP - 6465793 VL - 2016 AB - The discovery of causative mutations for Parkinson’s disease (PD) as well as their functional characterization in cellular and animal models has provided crucial insight into the pathogenesis of this disorder. Today, we know that PD pathogenesis involves multiple related processes including mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative and nitrative stress, microglial activation and inflammation, and aggregation of α突触核蛋白和受损的自噬。然而，与孟德尔遗传少数家庭外，PD在大多数人的病因是未知的和鉴定的遗传易感因素只有很小的影响大小。流行病学研究已经发现与暴露于环境毒物，如杀虫剂，有机溶剂，金属和空气污染物相关的PD的风险增加，而与吸烟和饮用咖啡相关的PD的风险降低。环境暴露的角色，以及单一的遗传风险因子的贡献，目前仍存在争议。在大多数PD病例，发病可能是由多种遗传和非遗传因素之间复杂的相互作用，每个传达疾病的风险略有增加触发。本文总结因果突变的PD，易感因素增加疾病风险，并修改环境暴露的影响，遗传因素在当前的知识。SN - 2090-8083 UR - https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/6465793 DO - 10.1155 /六百四十六万五千七百九十三分之二千○一十六JF - 帕金森病PB - Hindawi出版公司公司KW - ER -