TY -的A2 Keshamouni Venkateshwar AU -保利, John L. AU - Paszkiewicz, Geraldine PY - 2011 DA - 2011/07/09 TI - Cigarette Smoke, Bacteria, Mold, Microbial Toxins, and Chronic Lung Inflammation SP - 819129 VL - 2011 AB - Chronic inflammation associated with cigarette smoke fosters malignant transformation and tumor cell proliferation and promotes certain nonneoplastic pulmonary diseases. The question arises as to whether chronic inflammation and/or colonization of the airway can be attributed, at least in part, to tobacco-associated microbes (bacteria, fungi, and spores) and/or microbial toxins (endotoxins and mycotoxins) in tobacco. To address this question, a literature search of documents in various databases was performed. The databases included PubMed, Legacy Tobacco Documents Library, and US Patents. This investigation documents that tobacco companies have identified and quantified bacteria, fungi, and microbial toxins at harvest, throughout fermentation, and during storage. Also characterized was the microbial flora of diverse smoking and smokeless tobacco articles. Evidence-based health concerns expressed in investigations of microbes and microbial toxins in cigarettes, cigarette smoke, and smokeless tobacco products are reasonable; they warrant review by regulatory authorities and, if necessary, additional investigation to address scientific gaps. SN - 1687-8450 UR - https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/819129 DO - 10.1155/2011/819129 JF - Journal of Oncology PB - Hindawi Publishing Corporation KW - ER -