0.5 mg/kg) fish. The analysis allows GLIFWC to evaluate, focus, and fine-tune its initiatives to protect the health of tribal members in ways that result in exposure and risk reduction for tribal harvesters, women of child-bearing age, and children, while maintaining important tribal lifeways, which include the harvest and consumption of walleye.">
通过为北威斯康辛州、密歇根州和明尼苏达州的Anishinaabe部落成员开展的鱼类消费咨询项目，评估汞暴露减少情况据/title>
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no-repeat 6px;background-position:center;margin-top:10px;min-width:55px;display:none;} @media (min-width:768px){.hDZsgu .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .expand_btn{display:none;}} .hDZsgu .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-text{-webkit-flex:9;-ms-flex:9;flex:9;text-align:left;padding:21px 37px 10px 0px;font-size:16px;font-weight:700;} @media (min-width:768px){.hDZsgu .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-text{padding:19px 18px 10px 18px;}} @media (min-width:992px){.hDZsgu .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-text{padding:19px 21px 10px 21px;}} .hDZsgu .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption 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no-repeat 6px;background-position:center;padding:16px 0 16px 0;min-width:62px;max-width:62px;} @media (min-width:768px){.hDZsgu .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-partial-url{padding:16px 0 17px 0;min-width:52px;max-width:52px;}} @media (min-width:992px){.hDZsgu .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-partial-url{padding:15px 0 17px 0;min-width:60px;max-width:60px;}} .hDZsgu .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption .caption-partial-url:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;} .hDZsgu .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption-text{font-size:14px;padding:0px 18px 17px 22px;} @media (min-width:768px){.hDZsgu .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption-text{padding:0px 15px 15px 18px;}} @media (min-width:992px){.hDZsgu .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption-text{padding:0px 18px 19px 21px;}} .hDZsgu .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption-text figcaption{margin:0;padding:0;} .hDZsgu .floats-partial-section .floats-partial-footer .floats-partial-caption-text svg{max-width:100%;} .hDZsgu ol{font-size:16px;padding-left:32px;font-family:STIXGeneral-Regular;line-height:24px;margin:15px 0;} .hDZsgu ol li{margin:10px 0;padding-left:10px;word-break:normal;} .hDZsgu ol li a{word-break:break-all;} .hDZsgu ol li .reflinks{display:block;} .hDZsgu ol li .reflinks a{color:#4D8A17;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:pointer;} .hDZsgu ol li .reflinks a:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;} .hDZsgu ol li .reflinks .sep{color:#000000;} .hDZsgu .table-wrapper{width:auto;overflow-x:auto;} .hDZsgu .table-wrapper::-webkit-scrollbar{-webkit-appearance:none;width:5px;height:5px;} .hDZsgu .table-wrapper::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb{border-radius:5px;background-color:rgba(0,0,0,.5);-webkit-box-shadow:0 0 1px rgba(255,255,255,.5);} @media (min-width:768px){.hDZsgu .table-wrapper{overflow-x:auto;width:auto;-webkit-break-word:word-break;break-word:word-break;margin:0 auto;}} @media (min-width:992px){.hDZsgu .table-wrapper{width:auto;}} @media (min-width:1324px){.hDZsgu .table-wrapper{width:auto;}} @media (min-width:320px){.hDZsgu{margin-bottom:33px;padding:0;}} @media (min-width:992px){.hDZsgu{padding:0;margin-bottom:100px;}} @media (min-width:1325px){.hDZsgu{margin-bottom:100px;}} .hDZsgu .owl-stage{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;} .hDZsgu .floats-partial-middle--thumbs{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;} .hDZsgu .floats-partial-middle--thumbs .partial-carousel-dot svg{fill:#4D8A17;} .hDZsgu .floats-partial-middle--thumbs .partial-carousel-dot strong{color:#4D8A17;font-weight:500;} .hDZsgu .floats-partial-middle--thumbs .partial-carousel-dot.active strong{color:#007B8B;} .hDZsgu 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<!-- -->＂据span class="adjust-article-svg-size">通过为北威斯康辛州、密歇根州和明尼苏达州的Anishinaabe部落成员开展的鱼类消费咨询项目，评估汞暴露减少情况据/span>“，据!-- --><i>中国环境与公共卫生杂志据/i>，据!-- -->
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<h1 class="sc-iRbamj jZOxOO sc-iSDuPN cTnPQL article_title adjust-article-svg-size heading-title">通过为北威斯康辛州、密歇根州和明尼苏达州的Anishinaabe部落成员开展的鱼类消费咨询项目，评估汞暴露减少情况据/h1>
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<p><sup>1据/sup><span>美国WI 53217, Whitefish Bay, 5005 N. Palisades Rd. EHSI, LLC据/span></p>
<p><sup>2据/sup><span>威斯康星州自然资源部，麦迪逊，WI 53707，USA据/span></p>
<p><sup>3.据/sup><span>Bad River Watershed Association, Ashland, WI 54806, USA据/span></p>
<p><sup>4据/sup><span>伟大的湖泊印度鱼和野生动物委员会，奥纳赫，WI 54861，美国据/span></p>
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<h4 class="header" id="abstract">抽象的据/h4>
<p>五大湖印第安鱼类和野生动物委员会有一个广泛的计划，向来自威斯康辛州北部、密歇根州和明尼苏达州的Anishinaabe部落成员通报食用这些鱼的健康风险，并鼓励减少接触甲基汞的捕捞和消费做法。我们在此报告食用白眼鱼的部落成员接触甲基汞(MeHg)的概率分析结果。该模型预测，最大的甲基汞暴露可能发生在育龄妇女和儿童中，他们食用了来自严重污染的湖泊(甲基汞浓度)的大白眼鱼据svg height="8.9125004" id="M1" style="vertical-align:-0.04095pt;width:10.1px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 10.1 8.9125004" width="10.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
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</svg>0.5毫克/公斤)鱼。通过分析，GLIFWC可以评估、关注和微调其保护部落成员健康的举措，以减少部落收割者、育龄妇女和儿童的接触和风险，同时保持重要的部落生活方式，包括收获和消费白眼鱼。据/p>
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<h4 id="introduction">1.介绍据/h4>
<p>暴露于低水平甲基汞(MeHg)的影响有充分的文献记载，包括发育缺陷，尤其是产前暴露于甲基汞的儿童[据a href="#B1">1据/a>，据a href="#B2">2据/a>］.美国饮食中的一个重要来源是污染鱼的消费，2004年美国富商和使用者发布了一个联合公告，旨在咨询患有育龄妇女年龄，孕妇和幼儿的联合公告，以避免消费鲨鱼，箭鱼，瓷砖和鲭鱼，并限制Albacore金枪鱼的消费[据a href="#B3">3.据/a>］.许多运动或生存捕获的淡水鱼也含有较高水平的甲基汞，因此，大湖盆地和其他地方的州和部落组织发布了减少或避免食用这些鱼的建议[据a href="#B4">4据/a>- - - - - -据a href="#B9">9.据/a>］.据/p>
<p>美国原住民通常比公众消耗更多的淡水鱼[据a href="#B10">10据/a>因此，可能暴露于更高水平的MEHG。在伟大的湖区（ojibwe或chippewa）（以后部落）（ojibwe或chippewa），包括属于伟大的湖泊印度鱼和野生动物委员会（Glifwc）的部落的人，收获和消费淡水鱼作为传统的一部分Lifeways，一种融入文化，灵性，语言和传统的生活方式，包括消费土着食物。从历史上看，鱼在威斯康星州北部的南菲利纳巴埃传统饮食中的17-38％[据a href="#B11">11据/a>］.角膜白斑(据i>桑德玻璃体据/i>)是一种顶级掠食者，其组织中甲基汞的浓度较高，是部落成员最常捕捉和食用的物种。大多数白眼鱼的捕捞和相关消费发生在每年春季内陆湖泊结冰后。2006年春天，在1837年和1842年割让的密歇根州、明尼苏达州和威斯康辛州的191个内陆湖泊中，大约采集了75,800只成年白眼[据a href="#B12">12据/a>- - - - - -据a href="#B14">14据/a>］.由于收获和消费的特点，北部大湖地区的部落成员可能接触到高浓度的甲基汞，因此，全球气候变化研究委员会发布建议，鼓励减少与收获和消费白斑相关的甲基汞接触的行为[据a href="#B9">9.据/a>］.据/p>
<p>GLIFWC通过彩色编码地图开发和传播基于湖泊的基于风险，文化敏感的Walley消费咨询[据a href="#B9">9.据/a>，据a href="#B15">15据/a>］.颜色编码对应于白眼消费建议(表据a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jeph/2010/802584/tab1/" target="_blank">1据/a>)，蓝色的湖泊与限制性最小的建议(每月吃8餐)有关，红色的湖泊与限制性最大的建议(不吃)有关。建议类别的选择是基于保护部落成员健康(减少汞接触)和保护部落生活方式(收集和消费白眼鱼)的目标。每个建议类别都将受污染的白眼的消费量限制在美国环保署甲基汞参考剂量(RfD)的汞暴露水平。这份咨询地图共编制了八个版本，分别适用于威斯康星州的六个glifwc成员部落，第七版适用于明尼苏达州的部分湖泊，第八版适用于密歇根州的部分湖泊。据/p>
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<td align="left" rowspan="2">建议类别据/td>
<td align="center" rowspan="2">湖彩色代码据/td>
<td align="center" colspan="2">每个咨询类别中湖泊的百分比据/td>
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<td align="left">每月8日餐据/td>
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<td align="center">0.3%据/td>
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<td align="center">52.9%据/td>
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<td align="left">2餐/月据/td>
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<td align="center">28.7%据/td>
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<td align="center">橙色据/td>
<td align="center">54.6％据/td>
<td align="center">0.7％据/td>
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<span class="caption-text">表格1据/span>
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敏感人口(育龄妇女和15岁以下儿童)和一般人口(所有其他人口)中有白眼鱼进食频率的湖泊所占百分比。据/div>
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<p>从1997年到2002年，GlifWC进行了一项调查，以确定Michesota，密歇根州北部和威斯康星州的鱼消费率和部落成员模式[据a href="#B9">9.据/a>］.来自调查的消费数据与有关部落收获水平的数据以及收获的鱼类组织中的MEHG浓度[据a href="#B15">15据/a>]通过在部落成员之间通过消费污染的Walley对MEHG进行模拟据b>．据/b>我们在此报告一组来自gllifwc成员部落的鱼类消费者的甲基汞暴露分析结果。研究结果用于评估glilifwc为减少汞接触和与食用受污染的白眼鱼相关的健康风险所做的努力，这些努力保持了重要的部落生活方式，即白眼鱼的收获和食用[据a href="#B9">9.据/a>］.据/p>
<h4 id="methods">2.方法据/h4>
<p>接触分析的目的是根据部落人口的白眼消费模式确定可能最大接触甲基汞的亚组，并评估风险缓解建议对接触和减少风险的影响。本研究特别强调性别和年龄特异性暴露概况。据/p>
<p>每种性别（男性/女性）和四龄群体（1 - 5年龄的儿童，6-14岁儿童，患儿童的儿童，患有育龄年龄和14岁的儿童和女性）是从Glifwc鱼类消费调查创建的（下面描述的[据a href="#B9">9.据/a>]）使用Lifeline膳食记录发生器（DRG）。从鱼类消费调查中估计，在给定的一天（包括0或没有鱼类消费）和摄入量的特定日（包括0或没有鱼类消费）和摄入量的概率。据/p>
<p>DRG构建了反映单独的Walleye消费的年龄和性别特定饮食记录文件，其用作曝光算法的鱼类摄入参数的基础;进口到曝光/风险评估软件（定制饮食评估软件CDA）中的两个参数之一。多年，多部浓度在Walleye组织中，进口到CDA的第二个参数被安排成一系列残留浓度分布，每个分布包括不同的湖泊颜色代码（下面描述）和鱼鳞类别。据/p>
<p>在CDAS中，研究人员将鱼眼组织中甲基汞浓度的膳食摄入情况和分布情况结合在一起，得出了一系列的暴露评估结果，每一项评估都代表了湖泊颜色代码和鱼类大小类别的不同情景。该软件利用概率方法，绘制每个“模拟”人(由年龄和性别定义)的白眼摄入量值和残留分布的甲基汞浓度值。为每个模拟的人运行一万次迭代。由此得到的暴露分布提供了选定年龄/性别群体的中位数和第95百分位暴露值(以及其他)，并可在各种湖泊颜色代码/鱼类大小场景下报告。在这10,000次迭代的分布中捕获了个体间的暴露差异。据/p>
<p>通过为每次缓解期权创造新的饮食记录，在饮食记录发生器中捕获了减缓方案（鱼类消费建议）的年龄和性别的膳食曲线的变化。通过选择来自湖泊颜色代码或鱼类规模类别的残留物浓度分布来反映出消费鱼类中Mehg潜在残留的缓解期权。然后，使用这些消耗和残留数据文件根据缓解选项进行修改的曝光评估。据/p>
<h5 id="sec2.1">2.1。Walleye消费据/h5>
<p>白眼鱼的消费数据是根据1997至2002年的一项部落鱼类消费调查得来的(消费研究的更多详情载于[据a href="#B9">9.据/a>])。来自10个部落的51个家庭(几乎都是15岁以下的儿童)在研究期间记录了他们的食物日记。每年有9到12个家庭参与，在两年的研究期间有3个家庭参与。一名家庭成员记录了在一年中每个参与研究的家庭成员在家里吃的收获鱼的膳食。在第1年(1997年4月1日- 1997年11月30日)收集8个月的用餐频率信息;因此，在计算春季时使用的是第一年的数据，而不是年消费量。在2-5年期间收集了12个月的鱼类消费信息，包括进食频率，并将这些数据用于计算季节性和年度消费率和食用量。据/p>
<p>在这里报告的消费利率并用于概率分析反映了Walleye的家庭消费，而不是从家庭购买或消费的其他鱼类或鱼（例如，在餐馆或部落仪式上）;因此，部落成员之间的鱼类消费率较高。在家里吃的收获的Walleye的1699份记录中，114（6.7％）是与另一种物种混合的Walleye餐。在这些情况下，我们将分析对角谷的分析限制在额外的膳食所报告的物种数量中划分食用的总克。大约3％的记录餐含有膳食不含膳食信息。这些实例中使用了参与者的平均膳食体重。据/p>
<p>每个参与者的白眼膳食消费频率由春季(4 - 6月- 91天)、夏季(7 - 9月- 92天)、秋季(10 - 12月- 92天)和冬季(1 - 3月- 90天)的消费调查确定。每个参与者的季节用餐频率除以每个季节的天数，得到每个季节每天食用白眼的概率。据/p>
<p>计算和频率和部分大小进行计算并直接输入据i>生命线据/i>软件为相应的年龄和季节，没有数据拟合或其他变化。下面报告的平均消费率提供了消费行为的总结，我们通过据i>生命线据/i>，整个范围的数据保存和更紧密地代表了部落成员的实际消费习惯。通过保留部落成员之间的实际消费模式而不是使用平均比率，就有可能调查不同消费模式对整个社区的暴露状况的影响。部落成员消费少量或大量的白眼，以及那些消费白眼或多或少的频率是可视化的技术。据/p>
<h5 id="sec2.2">２.２.鲸眼组织中的甲基汞浓度据/h5>
<p>GLIFWC拥有一个数据库，其中包含4555个湖泊和特定大小的鱼类组织中甲基汞的浓度的样本，这些样本来自1837年和1842年被割让的威斯康星州、密歇根州和明尼苏达州的224个湖泊。根据Madsen等人的研究，GLIFWC将这些数据与国家机构进行的白眼组织分析结合起来，为割让地区的293个湖泊制定了鱼类消费建议，其中207个湖泊是由部落成员收获的。[据a href="#B15">15据/a>]，如下所述。据/p>
<p>对白眼组织中湖泊特有的甲基汞浓度和白眼长度进行对数转换，并用于发展回归(ln甲基汞=斜率)据svg height="7.9250002" id="M2" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:10.1px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 10.1 7.9250002" width="10.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,7.863)">
<path d="M471 153q-22 -15 -61 -13q-25 31 -45.5 49.5t-56.5 41.5q4 -71 28 -134q-17 -33 -42 -46q-24 12 -42 46q24 63 28 134q-36 -23 -56.5 -41.5t-45.5 -49.5q-36 -2 -61 13q0 28 19 59q65 10 130 43q-65 33 -130 43q-19 31 -19 59q22 15 61 13q25 -31 45.5 -49.5t56.5 -41.5
q-4 71 -28 134q17 33 42 46q24 -12 42 -46q-24 -63 -28 -134q36 23 56.5 41.5t45.5 49.5q36 2 61 -13q0 -28 -19 -59q-65 -10 -130 -43q65 -33 130 -43q19 -31 19 -59z" id="x2217"></path>
</g>
</svg>长度+拦截）对于由Glifwc开发的293个湖泊，消费建议[据a href="#B15">15据/a>］.将特定于湖泊的回归方程应用于2005年至2007年期间由部落成员采集的207个湖泊中的每个湖的单个白眼长度，以获得所有采集的白眼的甲基汞预测浓度。该分析的8个预测浓度超过了GLIFWC取样数据库中的最大甲基汞浓度(3.10 mg/kg湿重)。虽然一些湖泊可能存在汞浓度大于3.10 mg/kg的白斑，但我们在概率分析中将预测浓度上限为3.10 mg/kg，以避免过高估计汞暴露。为了考虑到每个湖泊的不同收获水平，我们根据每个湖泊每年收获总量的比例，制定了预测甲基汞浓度的分布，并对其进行了加权。生成的发行版作为剩余文件输入据i>生命线据/i>软件据/p>
<p>GLIFWC会分析，部落成员通常会吃掉剥皮的白眼鱼片。然而，由国家机构提供并纳入GLIFWC数据库的组织浓度数据来自皮肤上的白眼样本，其浓度大约比皮肤上的浓度低16% [据a href="#B17">16据/a>];因此，我们通过将皮肤浓度乘以1.16将所有皮肤上的甲基汞浓度转换为皮肤上的甲基汞浓度。据/p>
<h5 id="sec2.3">２.３.接触分析据/h5>
<p>MEHG曝光的概率估计是为三种情况开发的：（a）从所有湖泊收获和消耗的Walleye，无论Glifwc咨询地图中包含的湖彩色代码如何（下文和[据a href="#B9">9.据/a>]），（b）从彩色编码的红色湖泊（Do-Not-of Custation Auchies）收获和消耗的Walleye，（C）湖泊，彩色代码除了红际消费建议。在小于41厘米（约16英寸）的Walleye的每个场景中评估甲基汞暴露，大于41厘米，大波利小于51厘米（约20英寸），大于51厘米的大麦。使用SAS进行分析输出[据a href="#B18">17据/a>]，以提供年龄-性别组别的曝露估计，超出据i>生命线据/i>软件对甲基汞接触的概率估计与美国环保局进行了比较[据a href="#B19">18据/a>参考剂量（0.1ug / kg /天），提供风险的定性（或半定量）表达。据/p>
<h4 id="results-and-discussion">3.结果与讨论据/h4>
<h5 id="sec3.1">3．1.鲸眼组织中的甲基汞浓度据/h5>
<p>鱼眼组织中甲基汞的浓度高达3.10 mg/kg湿重，通常在较大的鱼类中浓度最高(见表)据a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jeph/2010/802584/tab2/" target="_blank">2据/a>）.根据白眼组织中甲基汞的大小和湖泊特定浓度，GLIFWC针对单个湖泊制定了白眼摄入量建议。GLIFWC咨询项目的目标是鼓励收集和消费白眼鱼，同时尽量减少接触甲基汞。食用建议是基于51厘米(20英寸)白眼组织中的甲基汞浓度[据a href="#B15">15据/a>]但是Glifwc鼓励消耗较小的鱼;因此，我们对Walleye进行了概率的曝光分析，大于51厘米，以及较大且小于41厘米（16英寸）的鱼，所有收获的Walleye的平均长度（表据a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jeph/2010/802584/tab3/" target="_blank">3.据/a>）.据/p>
<div class="floats-partial-section partial-other-wrapper" data-section="tab2">
<div class="floats-partial-content fig-content-tab2">
<table class="table-group" id="tab2">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<table class="table">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="thead-hr" colspan="6">
<hr></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left" rowspan="2">湖的颜色据/td>
<td align="center" rowspan="2">Walleye大小（cm）据/td>
<td align="center" colspan="4">组织Concenration(毫克/公斤)据/td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">中位数据/td>
<td align="center">95 %据/td>
<td align="center">99 %据/td>
<td align="center">最大限度。据/td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center" colspan="6">
<hr></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">全部据/td>
<td align="center">
<svg height="8.8500004" id="M4" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 10.825 8.8500004" width="10.825" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,8.85)">
<g transform="translate(72,-64.92)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,65.27)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
据据/tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>41.据/td>
<td align="center">0.11据/td>
<td align="center">０．４０据/td>
<td align="center">0.51据/td>
<td align="center">0.91据/td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">全部据/td>
<td align="center">
<svg height="11.25" id="M5" style="vertical-align:-1.29163pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 15.175 11.25" width="15.175" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.25)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.34)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
≥据/tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>41.据/td>
<td align="center">0.22据/td>
<td align="center">0.62据/td>
<td align="center">0.95据/td>
<td align="center">3.10据/td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">全部据/td>
<td align="center">
<svg height="8.8500004" id="M6" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 10.825 8.8500004" width="10.825" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,8.85)">
<g transform="translate(72,-64.92)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,65.27)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
据据/tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>51.据/td>
<td align="center">0．15据/td>
<td align="center">0.43据/td>
<td align="center">0.62据/td>
<td align="center">1.27据/td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">全部据/td>
<td align="center">
<svg height="11.25" id="M7" style="vertical-align:-1.29163pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 15.175 11.25" width="15.175" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.25)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.34)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
≥据/tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>51.据/td>
<td align="center">0.28据/td>
<td align="center">0.88据/td>
<td align="center">1.35据/td>
<td align="center">3.10据/td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">全部据/td>
<td align="center">全部据/td>
<td align="center">0．17据/td>
<td align="center">0.47据/td>
<td align="center">0.73据/td>
<td align="center">3.10据/td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">红色的据/td>
<td align="center">
<svg height="8.8500004" id="M8" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 10.825 8.8500004" width="10.825" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,8.85)">
<g transform="translate(72,-64.92)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,65.27)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
据据/tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>41.据/td>
<td align="center">０．４０据/td>
<td align="center">0.68据/td>
<td align="center">0.75据/td>
<td align="center">0.91据/td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">红色的据/td>
<td align="center">
<svg height="11.25" id="M9" style="vertical-align:-1.29163pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 15.175 11.25" width="15.175" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.25)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.34)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
≥据/tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>41.据/td>
<td align="center">0.61据/td>
<td align="center">1.09据/td>
<td align="center">1.87据/td>
<td align="center">3.10据/td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">红色的据/td>
<td align="center">
<svg height="8.8500004" id="M10" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 10.825 8.8500004" width="10.825" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,8.85)">
<g transform="translate(72,-64.92)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,65.27)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
据据/tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>51.据/td>
<td align="center">0.43据/td>
<td align="center">0.74据/td>
<td align="center">0.89据/td>
<td align="center">1.27据/td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">红色的据/td>
<td align="center">
<svg height="11.25" id="M11" style="vertical-align:-1.29163pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 15.175 11.25" width="15.175" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.25)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.34)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
≥据/tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>51.据/td>
<td align="center">0.94据/td>
<td align="center">2.08据/td>
<td align="center">2.73据/td>
<td align="center">3.10据/td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">红色的据/td>
<td align="center">全部据/td>
<td align="center">0.44据/td>
<td align="center">0.80据/td>
<td align="center">1．11据/td>
<td align="center">3.10据/td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">或据/td>
<td align="center">
<svg height="8.8500004" id="M12" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 10.825 8.8500004" width="10.825" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,8.85)">
<g transform="translate(72,-64.92)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,65.27)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
据据/tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>41.据/td>
<td align="center">0.11据/td>
<td align="center">0．31据/td>
<td align="center">0.45据/td>
<td align="center">0.71据/td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">或据/td>
<td align="center">
<svg height="11.25" id="M13" style="vertical-align:-1.29163pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 15.175 11.25" width="15.175" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.25)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.34)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
≥据/tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>41.据/td>
<td align="center">0.21据/td>
<td align="center">0.55据/td>
<td align="center">0.84据/td>
<td align="center">3.10据/td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">或据/td>
<td align="center">
<svg height="8.8500004" id="M14" style="vertical-align:-0.30096pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 10.825 8.8500004" width="10.825" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,8.85)">
<g transform="translate(72,-64.92)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,65.27)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
据据/tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>51.据/td>
<td align="center">0．14据/td>
<td align="center">0.36据/td>
<td align="center">0.51据/td>
<td align="center">0.81据/td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">或据/td>
<td align="center">
<svg height="11.25" id="M15" style="vertical-align:-1.29163pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 15.175 11.25" width="15.175" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g transform="matrix(1.25,0,0,-1.25,0,11.25)">
<g transform="translate(72,-63)">
<text transform="matrix(1,0,0,-1,-71.95,64.34)">
<tspan style="font-size: 12.50px; " x="0" y="0">
≥据/tspan>
</text>
</g>
</g>
</svg>51.据/td>
<td align="center">0.28据/td>
<td align="center">0.80据/td>
<td align="center">1．20据/td>
<td align="center">3.10据/td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">或据/td>
<td align="center">全部据/td>
<td align="center">０．１６据/td>
<td align="center">0.41据/td>
<td align="center">0.60据/td>
<td align="center">3.10据/td>
</tr>
<tr class="table-tr">
<td colspan="6">
<hr class="tbody-hr"></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></td>
</tr>
<tr class="table-fn">
<td>全部：从Glifwc发出消费建议的所有湖泊中收获了Walleye。据br>红色:从颜色编码为红色的湖泊中采集的白眼(GLIFWC发布了不要吃的建议)据br>或者:从红色以外的颜色的湖泊中采集的白眼(与不吃的湖泊相比，食用建议的限制较少)。据br></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div class="floats-partial-footer">
<div class="floats-partial-caption">
<span class="caption-text">表2据/span>
<a aria-label="full view" class="caption-partial-url" href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jeph/2010/802584/tab2/" title="" target="_blank"></a>
</div>
<div class="floats-partial-caption-text">
鱼眼中甲基汞的浓度据svg height="15.0875" id="M3" style="vertical-align:-2.3205pt;width:95.512497px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 95.512497 15.0875" width="95.512497" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,12.138)">
<path d="M300 -147l-18 -23q-106 71 -159 185.5t-53 254.5v1q0 139 53 252.5t159 186.5l18 -24q-74 -62 -115.5 -173.5t-41.5 -242.5q0 -130 41.5 -242.5t115.5 -174.5z" id="x28"></path>
</g>
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,5.944,12.138)">
<path d="M495 86q-46 -47 -87 -72.5t-63 -25.5q-43 0 -16 107l49 210q7 34 8 50.5t-3 21t-13 4.5q-35 0 -109.5 -72.5t-115.5 -140.5q-21 -75 -38 -159q-50 -10 -76 -21l-6 8l84 340q8 35 -4 35q-17 0 -67 -46l-15 26q44 44 85.5 70.5t64.5 26.5q35 0 10 -103l-24 -98h2
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<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,19.186,12.138)">
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</g>
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,33.89,12.138)">
<path d="M412 140l28 -9q0 -2 -35 -131h-373v23q112 112 161 170q59 70 92 127t33 115q0 63 -31 98t-86 35q-75 0 -137 -93l-22 20l57 81q55 59 135 59q69 0 118.5 -46.5t49.5 -122.5q0 -62 -29.5 -114t-102.5 -130l-141 -149h186q42 0 58.5 10.5t38.5 56.5z" id="x32"></path>
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</g>
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,50.209,12.138)">
<path d="M384 0h-275v27q67 5 81.5 18.5t14.5 68.5v385q0 38 -7.5 47.5t-40.5 10.5l-48 2v24q85 15 178 52v-521q0 -55 14.5 -68.5t82.5 -18.5v-27z" id="x31"></path>
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<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,58.368,12.138)">
<path d="M95 130q31 0 61 -30t30 -78q0 -53 -38 -87.5t-93 -51.5l-11 29q77 31 77 85q0 26 -17.5 43t-44.5 24q-4 0 -8.5 6.5t-4.5 17.5q0 18 15 30t34 12z" id="x2C"></path>
</g>
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,65.083,12.138)">
<path d="M244 635q90 0 143 -72t53 -177q0 -133 -65 -229.5t-171 -139.5q-79 -32 -140 -32l-5 30q109 18 185 91t101 186l-68 -36q-29 -16 -60 -16q-79 0 -129 51.5t-50 130.5q0 80 57 146.5t149 66.5zM228 602q-52 0 -78 -45.5t-26 -98.5q0 -69 36.5 -115.5t97.5 -46.5
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<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,73.242,12.138)">
<path d="M137 343l67 33q37 17 63 17q79 0 129.5 -53t50.5 -131q0 -92 -58 -156.5t-147 -64.5t-147 68t-58 182q0 63 17 119t43 95.5t61.5 72t69 52t67.5 31.5q62 22 128 33l6 -32q-56 -11 -108 -35q-149 -71 -184 -231zM227 337q-47 0 -95 -27q-6 -23 -6 -70q0 -93 36 -155.5
t96 -62.5q53 0 78 45.5t25 105.5q0 68 -35 116t-99 48z" id="x36"></path>
</g>
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,81.402,12.138)">
<path d="M241 635q53 0 94 -28.5t63.5 -76t33.5 -102.5t11 -116q0 -58 -11 -112.5t-34 -103.5t-63.5 -78.5t-94.5 -29.5t-95 28t-64.5 75t-34.5 102.5t-11 118.5q0 58 11.5 112.5t34.5 103t64.5 78t95.5 29.5zM238 602q-32 0 -55.5 -25t-35.5 -68t-17.5 -91t-5.5 -105
q0 -76 10 -138.5t37 -107.5t69 -45q32 0 55.5 25t35.5 68.5t17.5 91.5t5.5 105t-5.5 105.5t-18 92t-36 68t-56.5 24.5z" id="x30"></path>
</g>
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,89.561,12.138)">
<path d="M275 270q0 -296 -211 -440l-19 23q75 62 116.5 174t41.5 243t-42 243t-116 173l19 24q211 -144 211 -440z" id="x29"></path>
</g>
</svg>来自GLIFWC发布消费建议的湖泊(参见DeWeese et al. 2009 [据a href="#B9">9.据/a>]有关湖码和咨询类别的描述）。据/div>
</div>
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<td align="left">总角膜白斑收获据/td>
<td align="center">221,960.据/td>
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<td align="left">带有长度信息的白眼据/td>
<td align="center">120,836据/td>
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<td align="left">最小长度(厘米)据/td>
<td align="center">16.0据/td>
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<td align="left">最大长度(厘米)据/td>
<td align="center">86.1.据/td>
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<td align="left">平均长度（cm）据/td>
<td align="center">41.1据/td>
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<td align="left">长度（cm）据/td>
<td align="center">40.1据/td>
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<td align="left">95％长度（cm）据/td>
<td align="center">56.1.据/td>
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<span class="caption-text">表3据/span>
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海象采集数据，2005-2007。据/div>
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<h5 id="sec3.2">3.2。Walleye消费据/h5>
<p>在GLIFWC的鱼类消费调查中，参与者在家中平均以5.6克/天(第95百分位数18.0克/天)的速度消耗捕获的白眼鱼。15岁及以上男性的家庭白眼消耗率(平均9.1克/天，95%百分位数36.3克/天)高于其他年龄-性别组。有一种每年在家收获的白眼消费模式，参与者的峰值出现在春天，与每年收获的同时和之后。在此期间，家庭采集的白眼平均消耗量为10.1 g/d(95百分位- 29.7 g/d)。15岁及以上男性春季采收眼鼠的家庭消费率最高(均值- 15.0 g/d, 95百分位- 49.2 g/d)。除春季外，所有组别的白眼摄取率均较低[据a href="#B9">9.据/a>］.据/p>
<h5 id="sec3.3">3.3。Mehg曝光据/h5>
<p>Glifwc评估其咨询计划的功效[据a href="#B9">9.据/a>发现它提高了威斯康辛州、密歇根州和明尼苏达州收割者以及威斯康辛州(唯一对该群体进行评估的州)育龄妇女对咨询地图的认识。该计划还导致了部落采收者中更喜欢小白眼(汞浓度较低)的比例增加，尽管威斯康星州育龄妇女没有出现类似的行为变化。与这些行为变化同时发生的是部落白眼鱼产量的增加，这表明咨询计划并没有对这一重要的部落生活方式产生不利影响[据a href="#B9">9.据/a>］.然而，我们没有直接确定消费行为和甲基汞暴露的变化是否受到咨询过程的影响，因为参与消费调查的个人的源湖色码、白眼长度和甲基汞浓度没有被确定。因此，我们通过假设参与者消费的白眼鱼的大小分布与GLIFWC咨询地图上描绘的每个湖泊的收获记录相似，对参与GLIFWC鱼类消费调查的部落成员的MeHg暴露进行建模。这是恰当的，因为除了少数例外，白眼鱼是由部落成员从一组确定(宣布)的湖泊中收获的，而这些湖泊的详细收获记录由GLIFWC维护。据/p>
<p>参与消费调查的个人之间的甲基汞暴露是鱼类规模和湖泊的函数，从中收获了消耗的瓦尔利。当Walleye没有考虑到源湖，中位数和第95百分位的Mehg曝光（数字）据a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jeph/2010/802584/fig1/" target="_blank">1(一)据/a>和据a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jeph/2010/802584/fig1/" target="_blank">1（b）据/a>)在进食51厘米(20英寸)或更大的鱼时，对所有类群均为最大;然而，对于所有个体和鱼的大小而言，中值暴露水平低于汞参考剂量(RfD)，而对于只食用大于41厘米(16英寸，图)的鱼的1-5岁儿童，暴露水平的第95个百分位高于汞参考剂量据a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jeph/2010/802584/fig1/" target="_blank">1(一)据/a>和据a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jeph/2010/802584/fig1/" target="_blank">1（b）据/a>）.1-5岁和6-14岁儿童中位和95%的甲基汞暴露水平最高(图)据a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jeph/2010/802584/fig1/" target="_blank">1(一)据/a>和据a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jeph/2010/802584/fig1/" target="_blank">1（b）据/a>）），患上育龄年龄和“其他”个人（其他15岁以上的男性）的女性较低据a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jeph/2010/802584/fig1/" target="_blank">1(一)据/a>和据a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jeph/2010/802584/fig1/" target="_blank">1（b）据/a>）.据/p>
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<strong>(一)据/strong>
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所有湖泊/彩色代码的中位数（a）和95百分位数（b）曝光，大小。ALCC：所有湖泊，彩色代码;Alccfs：所有湖泊，彩色代码，鱼类尺寸;41.．（等）：Walleye长度小于41厘米;RFD：用于甲基汞的参考剂量;其他（黄色酒吧）包括超越儿童年龄和男性超过14岁的女性。据/table>
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<p>中位数和第95百分位的甲基汞暴露在较大的白眼(据svg height="8.9125004" id="M17" style="vertical-align:-0.04095pt;width:10.1px;" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 10.1 8.9125004" width="10.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
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</svg>从湖泊中收获的51厘米）消耗了颜色编码的红色，并且当距离未重新湖泊41厘米以下的Walleye耗尽时，较低（图据a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jeph/2010/802584/fig2/" target="_blank">2（a）据/a>和据a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jeph/2010/802584/fig2/" target="_blank">2（b）据/a>）.以调查中观察到的速度食用白斑会导致儿童的接触水平最高，而育龄妇女和其他成年人的接触水平较低;然而，中位暴露水平(图据a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jeph/2010/802584/fig2/" target="_blank">2（a）据/a>)只会超过水星参考1 - 5岁儿童食用角膜白斑大于41厘米从彩色红湖(湖泊包含角膜白斑MeHg最大的浓度),和第6 - 14岁儿童和育龄妇女食用鱼比51厘米从颜色红的湖泊。虽然MeHg曝光模式在第95个百分位是相似的模式在中间暴露水平,95风险敞口超过参考剂量MeHg当儿童和成人吃鱼超过41厘米从颜色红色湖泊,当1 - 5和第6 - 14岁儿童使用任何鱼从红色湖泊,以及1-5岁的儿童食用距离任何湖泊大于51厘米(20英寸)的鱼(图)据a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jeph/2010/802584/fig2/" target="_blank">2（b）据/a>）.据/p>
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<strong>(一)据/strong>
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<span class="caption-text">图2.据/span>
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食用来自红色湖泊(red)和非红色湖泊(OR)的鱼以及白斑小于或大于41和51厘米的鱼的中位数(a)和95% (b)暴露量。其他(黄色条)包括超过生育年龄的女性和超过14岁的男性。据/table>
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<p>概率分析提供了有关湖流源和大战大小对部落成员亚组潜在的Mehg暴露的重要信息，并加强了Glifwc的发展和传播Walleye消费建议的方法。例如，中位Mehg暴露于儿童和患儿童年龄的妇女中的汞参考剂量的潜力仅消耗红色湖泊（图据a href="//www.newsama.com/journals/jeph/2010/802584/fig2/" target="_blank">2（a）据/a>)是值得关注的。GLIFWC为这些个体制定并传播了食用白斑的建议:不要吃大于51厘米(20英寸)的白斑，不要吃来自红色湖泊的白斑，以及食用来自非红色湖泊的较小的白斑。该地图还鼓励除儿童和育龄妇女外的部落成员少吃一餐，如果他们选择的鱼距离任何湖泊都大于51厘米。最后，GLIFWC的地图鼓励部落成员给鱼片贴上标签并储存起来，这样家庭成员和其他与他们分享鱼片的人就可以全年遵循消费建议。据/p>
<p>这一分析增强了GLIFWC的能力，以集中和微调其倡议，通过其鱼类消费咨询方案保护捕捞和消费白眼鱼的部落成员的健康。更重要的是，它支持GLIFWC基于年龄和性别的方法，以减少部落成员的暴露和风险，同时保持重要的部落生活方式，包括收获和消费白眼鱼。据/p>
<h4 id="acknowledgments">致谢据/h4>
<p>作者感谢Chris Chaisson和Annie Chaisson进行培训和援助据i>生命线据/i>里克·马德森(Rick Madsen)协助开发了残留物分布分析，以及参与鱼类消费调查的部落成员。作者还感谢两位匿名评论者对论文早期草稿的有益评论。本文由美国政府资助;然而，它没有经过机构同行和政策审查，因此，不一定反映美国政府的观点，不应推断官方的认可。本文由美国有毒物质和疾病登记署(美国毒物登记署)资助。H75/ATH570080-01和美国环境保护署STAR批准号R831047。据/p>
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<li id="B11">B. A. Smith，“从鹿肉到腌猪肉:重建19世纪威斯康星州安尼部部家庭的成本”，著据i>美国人类学协会年会的诉讼程序据/i>2003年，美国伊利诺伊州芝加哥。据span class="reflinks">查看在：据a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=From%20venison%20to%20salt%20pork:%20reconstructing%20the%20costs%20to%20Anishinabe%20families%20in%2019th%20century%20Wisconsin&author=B. A. Smith" target="_blank">谷歌学者据/a></span></li>
<li id="B12">J.克鲁格(J. Krueger)，“2006年春季，拉克·维欧克斯沙漠部落的长矛”，备忘录给小吉姆·威廉姆斯和唐·克林曼，2006年。据span class="reflinks">查看在：据a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Spring%202006%20Spearing%20by%20the%20Lac%20Vieux%20Desert%20Tribe&author=J. Krueger" target="_blank">谷歌学者据/a></span></li>
<li id="B13">J. Krueger，“2006年奇佩瓦印第安人在威斯康辛州北部的开放水域捕鱼”，据i>管理报告据/i>2007-02，五大湖印第安鱼类和野生动物委员会，2007。据span class="reflinks">查看在：据a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Open%20water%20spearing%20in%20northern%20wisconsin%20by%20Chippewa%20Indians%20during%202006&author=J. Krueger&publication_year=2007" target="_blank">谷歌学者据/a></span></li>
<li id="B14">N. Milroy和J. Krueger，“在2006-2007配额年度，1837年明尼苏达州割让领土的开放水域捕鱼和捕鱼”，据i>管理报告据/i>2008-07，五大湖印第安鱼类和野生动物委员会，2008。据span class="reflinks">查看在：据a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Open-water%20spearing%20and%20netting%20in%20the%201837%20Minnesota%20ceded%20territory%20during%20the%202006–2007%20quota%20year&author=N. Milroy &author=J. Krueger&publication_year=2008" target="_blank">谷歌学者据/a></span></li>
<li id="B15">E. R. Madsen, A. D. DeWeese, N. Kmiecik, J. A. Foran，和E. D. Chirboga，“为1837年和1842年密歇根、明尼苏达州和威斯康辛割让地区的Ojibwe部落收获的汞污染的瞪眼鱼制定消费建议的方法，”据i>综合环境评估和管理据/i>，卷。14，不。1，pp。118-124,2008。据span class="reflinks">查看在：据a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Methods%20to%20develop%20consumption%20advice%20for%20mercury-contaminated%20walleye%20harvested%20by%20Ojibwe%20tribes%20in%20the%201837%20and%201842%20ceded%20territories%20of%20Michigan,%20Minnesota,%20and%20Wisconsin&author=E. R. Madsen&author=A. D. DeWeese&author=N. Kmiecik&author=J. A. Foran&author=&author=E. D. Chirboga&publication_year=2008" target="_blank">谷歌学者据/a></span></li>
<li id="B17">E. R. Madsen和H. S. Stern，“威斯康星州北部的Walleye甲基汞的时间趋势：一个分层贝叶斯分析”据i>环境科学与技术据/i>号，第41卷。13，第4568-4573页，2007。据span class="reflinks">查看在：据a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/es0700294">出版商网站据/a><span class="sep">|据/span><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Time%20trends%20of%20methylmercury%20in%20walleye%20in%20northern%20Wisconsin:%20a%20hierarchical%20bayesian%20analysis&author=E. R. Madsen &author=H. S. Stern&publication_year=2007" target="_blank">谷歌学者据/a></span></li>
<li id="B18">SAS研究所据i>使用基础SAS软件进行逐步编程据/i>，SAS学院，Cary，NC，美国，2001年。据span class="reflinks"></span></li>
<li id="B19">构成,据i>评估用于鱼类咨询的化学污染物数据的指导：第2卷，风险评估和鱼类消费限制据/i>，美国环境保护署，华盛顿特区，美国，第三版，2000,EPA 823-B-00-008。据span class="reflinks"></span></li>
</ol>
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<p>版权所有©2010 J.A. Foran等。这是分布下的开放式访问文章据a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/">创意公共归因许可证据/a>如果正确引用了原始工作，则允许在任何媒体中的不受限制使用，分发和再现。据/p>
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意见据span>1016.据/span>
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下载据span>574据/span>
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<span class="__dimensions_badge_embed__" data-doi="10.1155/2010/802584" data-style="small_circle"></span>引用据/div>
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