TY - JOUR A2 - Kolivand, Hoshang AU - Ren, Gang AU - Wei, Side AU - O’Neill, Eamonn AU - Chen, Fenfang PY - 2018 DA - 2018/07/02 TI - Towards the Design of Effective Haptic and Audio Displays for Augmented Reality and Mixed Reality Applications SP - 4517150 VL - 2018 AB - Augmented Reality (AR) and Mixed Reality (MR) technology has potential for supporting mobile applications. However, nonvisual interaction modalities are undervalued and underused in AR/MR applications. Visual displays can be ineffective or inappropriate in some situations such as walking or driving. Meanwhile, nonvisual modalities are becoming increasingly important in mobile user experiences. In this paper, we report two studies investigating nonvisual interaction modalities such as audio and haptic displays with mobile AR/MR applications. In the first study, we investigate a range of design factors for haptic and audio displays, including rhythm, amplitude, and their combination in representing tourism information to users with a mobile phone. The results show a main effect for Interaction modality, with identification rates highest for information represented in a combined Haptic-Audio display. In the second study, we investigate target location tasks in 3D space using spatial audio feedback and a head-mounted display. We evaluate several design factors including audio feedback device, volume, rhythm, and the target’s horizontal and vertical position. Results show that the vertical positions are very difficult to locate, and overall our participants prefer audio cues with loud volume and fast rhythm. Finally, we propose practical audio and haptic display design guidelines for AR/MR applications. SN - 1687-5680 UR - https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/4517150 DO - 10.1155/2018/4517150 JF - Advances in Multimedia PB - Hindawi KW - ER -