3.讨论
小脑病变的重要鉴别诊断包括多发性硬化和其他炎性脱髓鞘疾病,缺血性中风,和肿瘤疾病[
10]。转诊到我院前,后循环t2加权像高强度病变解释为脑卒中。然而,没有做弥散加权研究来证实诊断。此外,病变的安排与动脉供应不一致。子痫最初未被考虑,因为分娩和首发症状之间间隔时间较长,尽管快速发展的严重头痛和皮层视觉障碍是典型症状[
11]。In our department, the diagnosis of eclampsia was based on the clinical course, the detection of a vasogenic edema in absence of any cytotoxic edema on the MRI scan, and the combination of increased blood pressure with proteinuria and a recent childbirth in the patient’s medical history. Frequent diseases causing seizures in puerperal period were ruled out. Particularly, there were no signs of a venous sinus thrombosis in the MRV. Other conditions causing seizures, such as meningitis and encephalitis, space-occupying lesions, and electrolyte or endocrine disturbances were also excluded. In addition, MRA, laboratory tests, and cerebrospinal fluid examination revealed no evidence for a vasculitis. Our patient had a pulmonary embolism and a positive lupus anticoagulant test, which is of interest, since thrombophilia and antiphospholipid antibodies have been found to be significantly associated with preeclampsia [
12]。
子痫的并发症较为常见,包括急性肾功能衰竭、急性肝功能衰竭和吸入性肺炎、急性肺水肿等呼吸系统并发症[
13]。子痫的死亡率主要与ICH有关[
14]。由于子痫并发症严重,应尽早开展适当的治疗。为了预防和治疗子痫患者的癫痫发作,硫酸镁是首选药物,因为它可显著降低癫痫复发、肺炎风险和重症监护病房的入院率[
15,
16]。与安定相比,死亡率也显著降低,与苯妥英相比,死亡率也趋于降低[
15,
16]。这是相当了不起的,因为神经学家具有朝向患者使用这些经典的抗惊厥药与是由于其他原因比子痫发作的倾向。Our patient was hypertensive with systolic blood pressures up to 200 mm Hg. According to the initial diagnosis of a posterior circulation infarction, the blood pressure was not lowered, as recommended by the national and international guidelines [
17,
18用于缺血性中风的急性期。在子痫患者中,由于缺乏解决这一问题的临床试验,血压值的确定尚不明确。然而,当收缩压达到或超过155-160毫米汞柱时,建议子痫患者降低血压,因为较高的血压值与ICH的发生有关[
19]。
本案例强调了考虑产后数周发生的迟发性子痫的重要性,因为早期诊断和随后开始适当的抗高血压和抗惊厥治疗可以防止严重的并发症。