Microstructural evolutions of EK61 superalloy during long-term aging until 1000 h at 700°C and 750°C, respectively, are studied by combination of Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). Impact fracture morphologies after aging for different time are observed by the SEM. The microstructure is found to be relatively stable during aging at 700°C, and the fracture morphologies are characterized by transgranular fracture. At 750°C, the coarsening of
γ
′相导致韧窝数量的减少,碳化物在晶界上的链化导致沿晶断裂,晶的网结
η晶粒导致的层状裂解步骤在地层内相。显而易见的是,析出相的不稳定影响断口形貌显著。断裂形态和微结构之间的关系促进EK61超合金的服务可靠性的评估。
这种合金首先在热处理地点进行热处理
98
0
°
C
×
1
h
/
水
淬火
+
73
0
°
C
×
15
h
/
水
淬火
+
65
0
°
C
×
10
h
/
水
淬火。然后分别在700℃和750℃条件下老化30 h、100 h、200 h、500 h和1000 h。试样老化后进行抛光和腐蚀。侵蚀情况是
20
%
H
2
年代
O
4
+
80
%
C
H
3.
哦, 20- 25v电压,20- 25s腐蚀时间,和
150
毫升
H
3.
P
O
4
+
10
毫升
H
2
年代
O
4
+
15
GCR
O
3.,电压3-4 V,腐蚀时间5-7 s。
将沉淀的相通过场致发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)观察,并通过扫描电子显微镜 - 能量色散光谱仪(SEM-EDS)和TEM确定。The impact test is carried out at room temperature, using a JB-30B Charpy impact machine with impact energy of 0~300 J, and the pendulum falling speed is 5.2m·s-1。试件尺寸为
55
毫米
×
10
毫米
×
10
毫米。There is a V-groove in the middle of the specimen with 2 mm depth. The fracture surface is protected and then cut by wire cutting machine. The fracture samples are cleaned ultrasonically for 15 minutes and then observed by the SEM after drying.
数字
3.示出了在750℃下老化期间EK61超合金的组织演变。平均大小的
γ
′相批量老化不同时间后也获得,并在表中列出
3.,它显示该
γ
′phase grows continuously during aging until 1000 h, and the average size is larger than that at 700°C for a certain aging time. During aging, the carbides at grain boundaries change from discontinuous short rod and block to continuous chains. The long needle-like phases are small, scattered, and short at the beginning. They evolve form the larger dendritic shape gradually and form a net after 500 h aging that covers the entire grain. EDS measurements listed in Table
4表明长针状相为Ni6(Al, Ti, Nb) after 500 h aging and determined to be
η通过TEM晶格校准阶段(由图中的箭头所示
4)。之间的取向关系
η相位和本体也示于图
4。从图可以得出结论
3.主析出相
γ
′阶段,
η相和碳化物无论是。此外,老龄化以及在微观结构退化。时效温度越高,越严重退化。
Microstructure after aging at 750°C for different time: (a) 30 h, (b) 100 h, (c) 200 h, (d) 500 h, and (e) 1000 h.
EDS results of needle-like phases after aging 1000 h at 750°C.
数字
5示出了在700℃下老化不同时间后的冲击断口形貌。When aged for 30-200 h, the fracture surface morphology shows dimples mainly and broken carbides can be seen at the bottom of several dimples (as indicated by the arrows). With the extension of aging time to 500 h, dimples become shallow and small. Moreover, tearing edges appear and the quantity of dimples on the fracture surface decreases. When aging for 1000 h, dimples become even shallower and smaller. At the same time, the amount of tearing edges increases. It is clear that the main feature of fracture morphology is dimple and tearing edge even after aging of 1000 h, and the fracture is still transgranular ductile mode.
Impact fracture after aging at 700°C for different time: (a) 30 h, (b) 100 h, (c) 200 h, (d) 500 h, and (e) 1000 h.
批量内碳化物也会诱发凹坑当局部应力超过碳化物的强度。类似地,微裂纹启动并因而小塑料坑会发展成断裂后凹坑。但是,因为批量内的碳化物的量比的少得多
γ
′相、密度、深度和韧窝的分布很少受到体内碳化物的影响。晶界碳化物根据不同形貌对高温合金力学性能的影响有两种作用[
18]。当碳化物在晶界中分散时,不仅可以通过增加晶界滑移的难度来强化晶界,而且还可以对晶界进行钉住抑制高温下晶粒粗化。在这种情况下,碳化物的作用是正的[
19]。而当碳化物在连续薄片的形式在晶界分布,位错被阻止在碳化物和基体之间的界面
γ,导致应力集中。此外,晶界碳化物的粗化会消耗强化元素(Ti、Mo、Nb等),导致晶界附近形成弱区。在这种情况下,合金受到冲击时容易在碳化物处发生应力集中,从而引起微裂纹的产生。随后微裂纹连续连接,最终出现沿晶断裂。结果表明,在冲击过程中,碳化物在晶界处的链化会导致沿晶断裂和晶界脆化。在700℃的时效过程中(见图)
2),碳化物不形成链,因此冲击断裂模式总是穿。从图
3., it is seen that aging at 750°C for 30 h, the carbides precipitate discontinuously at grain boundaries. After 500 h aging, carbides form a chain nearly and the fracture surface begins to show intergranular fracture characteristics. After aging for 1000 h, the carbides at grain boundaries form obvious chains, and the impact fracture morphology is mainly intergranular fracture.
很明显,
η-你6(Al, Nb, Ti)阶段[
20]生长在针膨胀方式和在老化期间呈现阵列布置的分布。的增长
η相消耗形成的铝、钛和铌元素
γ
′相,并且因此导致
γ
′相耗竭区周围
η相。该耗尽区的强度是这样低,由于缺乏
γ
′硬化。在变形,位错被阻塞
η阶段和在前累积
η阶段。由于耗尽区相对较弱,微裂纹将会出现。从图
3.中,已知的是短杆
ηphases precipitate visibly within grains after aging at 750°C for 30 h, and the distribution of array arrangement can be observed. However, the fracture morphology shows obvious lamellar cleavage only after aging for 500 h (see Figure
6)。值得注意的是,厚
η相在时效500 h后形成网状结构,时效1000 h后覆盖全谷。因此,它是网的
η相,导致晶间层状裂解步骤的形成。After aging at 700°C for 1000 h, the degree of growth of
ηphase is similar to that aged at 750°C for 200 h. There is no cleavage step on the fracture surface during aging at 700°C, which further indicates that the netting of
η相诱导解理断裂形态。