背景。只有真正长期的随访才能确定前列腺癌的最终结果。大多数研究的随访时间中位数不超过10年,项目结果达到15年和20年。我们对患者进行了至少20年的随访。
材料和方法。我们跟着754名前列腺癌根治术治疗的1988至1995年为23.9年的中位随访(幸存者)前列腺癌患者。我们排除淋巴结和精囊阳性患者和没有基线前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)的额外47个例。这让581例患者进行分析。
结果。根据PSA、Gleason评分和前列腺外扩张/边缘阳性等因素,我们可以将患者分为生化衰竭的高危组(低、中、高)。在进一步分析中,我们发现前两组的转移性疾病风险几乎相同(分别为4%和5%),而高危组为19%。高危患者为PSA >20 ng/ml和/或Gleason >7,或Gleason 7 + PSA 10-20 + epe(和或margin)阳性。他们有22%的前列腺癌死亡率。
结论。在患者真正的长期随访治疗前列腺前列腺癌后,转移性疾病和癌症死亡的风险是很低的。Patients with the lower risk findings do not appear to benefit from routine follow-up after 10 years free of biochemical recurrence. With a higher risk of later failure, we recommend that the higher risk patients be followed at least intermittently for another 5 years (out to 15 years).
平均随访时间为203.6个月(17年),存活者为286.8个月(23.9年)。共有458名(79%)患者死亡。212名患者(36%)记录为PSA失效,36名患者(6%)记录为转移性疾病,44名患者(8%)死于前列腺癌(8名患者转移性疾病的实际日期不详,但在医疗记录和/或死亡证明中,前列腺癌被列为死亡原因)。最初的抢救治疗是雄激素消融和/或放射治疗。其中有105人接受了放射治疗。其中16人在术后6个月内接受了盆腔放疗(“辅助”),其中13人持续检测出PSA。仍健在的人士(
n = 122), 88 (72%) had active follow-up in the last two years and 109 (89%) had active follow-up in the last 5 years. Overall, for all patients, 69% had a PSA within the last 5 years and 89% within the last 10 years of their most recent follow-up (dead or alive) (see supplement for follow-up details (available
这里))。
Kaplan-Meier估计整个队列的总生存率、生化无失败生存率、转移无失败生存率和癌症特异性生存率(
n = 581).
由于生化故障通常是失败的初始指示器,我们评估了PSA,Gleason评分和病理状态的参数用于生物化学失败的风险(表
2)。而不是使用主观临床分期,我们评估了更具体的病理因素。On univariate analysis, for each PSA risk group, the risk of biochemical failure increased significantly from a PSA of <10 ng/ml (28% risk) to PSA of 10–20 ng/ml (54% risk) to PSA >20 ng/ml with a 76% risk (hazard ratio 3.97). Similar increases were seen with the Gleason score: from the Gleason <7 failure rate of 28% to 38% with Gleason 7 and 73% with Gleason >7 (HR 2.85). Having either epe or a positive margin increased the risk from 29% to 60% with an HR of 1.64.
无生物化学生存的单因素分析(
n = 581).
参数
失败的风险
HR(95%CI)
p价值
PSA
<0.0001
<10
28.47
参考
10–20
54.21
1.50(1.198,1.883)
> 20
75.61
3.97(2.856,5.527)
格里森评分
<0.0001
<7
27.75
参考
=7
37.76
1.41(1.164,1.706)
> 7
72.5
2.85(1.990,4.086)
EPE /保证金
<0.0001
All negative
28.64
参考
At least one positive
59.86
1.64 (0.342,1.998)
在多变量分析(表
3),所有上述参数保持显著。使用B回归系数的线性变换,能够分配点的危险因素。很明显的是,最强预测是格里森> 7和PSA> 20。点允许我们基于分数确定风险群体失败≤2(低风险),2-4(中间体风险),和> 4(高风险)。低风险因素格里森<7,PSA <10,和EPE / MAR负。中间-risk factors were Gleason 7, PSA 10–20 ng/ml, and EPE/margin+, and high-risk factors were Gleason >7 and PSA >20 ng/ml. Low risk for recurrence (the low-risk group) was no more than one intermediate-risk factor, intermediate risk for recurrence (the intermediate-risk group) was two intermediate-risk findings, and high risk for recurrence was all three intermediate-risk factors or Gleason >7 or PSA >20 ng/ml. The majority of these surgery patients (64%) were classified as low risk (Table
4。)
有相对较少的研究真正的长期随访前列腺切除术后,尤其是在PSA时代。最大的是一个复合的4位与发展中国家的共线的目标,这是从第五网站验证的数据[
7]。十五年前列腺癌特异性死亡率报道,虽然4现场组只有一个中位随访56个月(和比较网站96个月)。有足够的患者长期随访,以有可能使得15年的相关数据。在风险分析,他们证实,淋巴管和精囊受累者失败和死亡显著的危险因素。出人意料的是,他们并没有发现术前PSA是预测,这是违背大量报道[
2]。This is likely because patients with a PSA >8 ng/ml were not included. This also would reflect fairly stringent patient selection that may not be relevant to a general population. Other than seminal vesicle involvement, they reported that Gleason 8–10 was a prime determinant of prostate cancer-specific mortality. Combining all the patients (23,910), they reported the results by age groups (<60, 60–69, and 70–79 years). Looking at the single factors, cancer-specific mortality at 15 years was 4.2–11% for Gleason 7, 26–37% for Gleason 8–10, and 2.9–10% for extraprostatic extension. The 20-year mortality was Gleason 7, 9–23%; Gleason 8–10, 31–39%; and extraprostatic extension 6.6–20%. For the Gleason 6 cancer patients, at both 15 and 20 years, the mortality was 0.6 to 1.2%, respectively. These results were similar to what we saw with longer follow-up, with the low- and intermediate-risk groups having a 4% and 7% cancer-specific mortality, respectively, and the high-risk with a 22% cancer-specific mortality. This is in spite of the fact that 25% of our patients had a PSA >10 ng/ml and were considerably older (median age 67 years compared to 60 years in the above study).
当然,我们的数据是通过回顾性数据,并在多年缺乏统一的后续从手术进一步进行限制。它是具有挑战性的获得非常老年患者准确随访。往往是他们的癌症病史只是一个注脚。不致不适当地,它们不具有常规PSA检测或扫描。这是虚弱的疗养院病人,甚至一些为显著为骨转移可能难以识别,尤其如此。这是很难从我们的研究,以确定,但我们可以找出少数患者可能已经防止因持续的癌症监测和早期干预后期症状复发。虽然它有可能还有其他的,从无法识别的转移性疾病之苦,这可能是一个小数目。在我们的低和中等风险的患者,所开发转移性疾病10年后的数量是非常低的(四百八十五分之九,2%)。所有这些,除了一个有知名度不断提升PSA之前以及10年。我们认为这是合理的遵循这些低风险患者的PSA每6个月内第4 - 5年,每年出到10年,然后停止,如果它仍然是检测不到的。 The high-risk patient had higher (8/92, 8%) late (>10 years) metastatic failures. Although not exorbitant, it would be prudent to check the PSA annually or biennially for another 5 years (out to 15). We had only 4 patients with metastatic disease recognized after 15 years, and arguably the PSA would have picked up the recurrence long before then.