组织或室间免疫的概念及其在炎症或感染性疾病发展中的重要性被引入，并在Engwerda和Kaye的著作发表后得到加强[
1］．从那以后,我们可以识别特殊特性的瀑特异性或组织免疫反应,包括免疫反应(i)在上皮或粘膜屏障(皮肤和消化道),(2)在一个复杂的器官(肝脏),和(2)与免疫器官特权(大脑和眼睛)
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5］．皮肤和粘膜是具有一个复杂的组织上皮组织的实例。The in situ immune system of the tissues includes both professional immune cells and cells that under certain inflammatory or infectious conditions release substances, such as antimicrobial peptides or cytokines, that interfere with the local immune response and contribute to the host’s response to pro- or anti-inflammatory stimuli. These tissues function as physical barriers and in addition to cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF), thymic stromal lymphopoietin, IL-1, IL-6, and IL-18, their immune cells secrete catecholamines, defensins, and S100. These immune cells also secrete IL-33, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), IL-10, and chemokine ligand 27 (CCL27) and are capable of expressing Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and NACHT, LRR, and PYD domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3), which is a component of the inflammatory process mediated by IL-1. Associated with this complex network of cytokines and components of innate immunity in the skin is a subpopulation of dendritic cells, known as Langerhans cells, that are distributed in the epidermis while in the dermis are present dendritic cells corresponding to subpopulations distinct from those seen in the epidermis, such as dermal FXIIa-positive dendrocytes, plasmacytoid dendritic cells, and CD207-positive dendritic cells. This complex network of antigen-presenting cells cooperates with the various subpopulations of lymphocytes present in the skin and with other cells, such as macrophages and NK cells, for the maintenance of local and total body homeostasis [
6］．在其他免疫细胞中，NK和NKT细胞与M1、M2、M4和M17巨噬细胞一起形成一个细胞网络，要么对有害物质的存在和进入立即作出反应，要么通过其杀菌机制发挥效应细胞的作用。t细胞群体是异质性和复杂性的，在光谱感染性疾病(如麻风病)和非感染性疾病(如牛皮癣和特应性皮炎)中发挥作用。t细胞群包括Th1、Th2、Th17、Th9、Th22、Th25和Treg细胞[
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6］．许多细胞因子参与了对感染性和炎性有害因子的效应反应，并共同诱导特定的再生环境或特定的再生过程。在目前的问题中，几位作者讨论了这些免疫和炎症因子在感染性和非感染性皮肤疾病中的作用。在这方面,即Lorthois等人讨论巨噬细胞和中性粒细胞的作用在银屑病的发病机制,呼吁大家关注先天免疫的作用及其与组织微环境细胞相互关系的因素中观测到的复杂的炎症级联。J. Bartosińska等通过分析PD-1表达对免疫应答的控制，对涉及循环淋巴细胞的银屑病免疫发病机制的相关研究进行了讨论。随后，S. Kaur等人的论文讨论了银屑病患者全身炎症反应对心血管系统的影响。其他作者讨论了复杂的炎症细胞网络在荨麻疹发病机制中的作用，以及它们的再生和炎症介导疾病的皮肤参与。